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21 lead
I 1. [li:d] past tense, past participle - led; verb1) (to guide or direct or cause to go in a certain direction: Follow my car and I'll lead you to the motorway; She took the child by the hand and led him across the road; He was leading the horse into the stable; The sound of hammering led us to the garage; You led us to believe that we would be paid!) lede; føre2) (to go or carry to a particular place or along a particular course: A small path leads through the woods.) føre3) ((with to) to cause or bring about a certain situation or state of affairs: The heavy rain led to serious floods.) medføre4) (to be first (in): An official car led the procession; He is still leading in the competition.) føre5) (to live (a certain kind of life): She leads a pleasant existence on a Greek island.) leve; føre2. noun1) (the front place or position: He has taken over the lead in the race.) føring2) (the state of being first: We have a lead over the rest of the world in this kind of research.) føring3) (the act of leading: We all followed his lead.) ledelse4) (the amount by which one is ahead of others: He has a lead of twenty metres (over the man in second place).) føring5) (a leather strap or chain for leading a dog etc: All dogs must be kept on a lead.) snor6) (a piece of information which will help to solve a mystery etc: The police have several leads concerning the identity of the thief.) spor; fingerpeg7) (a leading part in a play etc: Who plays the lead in that film?) hovedrolle•- leader- leadership
- lead on
- lead up the garden path
- lead up to
- lead the way II [led] noun1) (( also adjective) (of) an element, a soft, heavy, bluish-grey metal: lead pipes; Are these pipes made of lead or copper?) bly; bly-2) (the part of a pencil that leaves a mark: The lead of my pencil has broken.) stift•- leaden* * *I 1. [li:d] past tense, past participle - led; verb1) (to guide or direct or cause to go in a certain direction: Follow my car and I'll lead you to the motorway; She took the child by the hand and led him across the road; He was leading the horse into the stable; The sound of hammering led us to the garage; You led us to believe that we would be paid!) lede; føre2) (to go or carry to a particular place or along a particular course: A small path leads through the woods.) føre3) ((with to) to cause or bring about a certain situation or state of affairs: The heavy rain led to serious floods.) medføre4) (to be first (in): An official car led the procession; He is still leading in the competition.) føre5) (to live (a certain kind of life): She leads a pleasant existence on a Greek island.) leve; føre2. noun1) (the front place or position: He has taken over the lead in the race.) føring2) (the state of being first: We have a lead over the rest of the world in this kind of research.) føring3) (the act of leading: We all followed his lead.) ledelse4) (the amount by which one is ahead of others: He has a lead of twenty metres (over the man in second place).) føring5) (a leather strap or chain for leading a dog etc: All dogs must be kept on a lead.) snor6) (a piece of information which will help to solve a mystery etc: The police have several leads concerning the identity of the thief.) spor; fingerpeg7) (a leading part in a play etc: Who plays the lead in that film?) hovedrolle•- leader- leadership
- lead on
- lead up the garden path
- lead up to
- lead the way II [led] noun1) (( also adjective) (of) an element, a soft, heavy, bluish-grey metal: lead pipes; Are these pipes made of lead or copper?) bly; bly-2) (the part of a pencil that leaves a mark: The lead of my pencil has broken.) stift•- leaden -
22 mode
1) модаа) нормальный тип колебаний, собственный тип колебаний; нормальный тип волн, собственный тип волн3) способ; метод4) тип; форма ( выражения или проявления чего-либо)6) ак. лад; тональность•- π-mode- 1284 compliance mode
- 32-bit mode
- 32-bit transfer mode
- 8086 real mode
- accelerated transit mode
- accumulation-layer mode
- acoustic mode
- active mode
- address mode
- adjacent modes
- all points addressable mode
- alpha mode
- alphanumeric mode
- alternate mode
- AN mode
- analog mode
- angular dependent mode
- angular mode
- anomalous mode
- answer mode
- antiferrodistortive mode
- antiferromagnetic mode
- anti-Stokes mode
- antisymmetric mode
- APA mode
- aperiodic mode
- asymmetric mode
- asynchronous balanced mode
- asynchronous response mode
- asynchronous transfer mode
- auto-answer mode
- auto-dial mode
- avalanche mode
- axial mode
- background mode
- backward mode
- beam mode
- beam-waveguide mode
- Bi-Di mode
- bidirectional mode
- BIOS video mode
- birefringent mode
- bistable mode
- bitmap mode
- black-and-white mode
- block mode
- block-multiplex mode
- blow-up mode
- browse mode
- burst mode
- byte mode
- calculator mode
- central mode
- characteristic mode
- chat mode
- chip test mode
- CHS mode
- circle-dot mode
- circular mode
- circularly polarized mode
- circularly symmetric mode
- clockwise mode
- CMY mode
- CMYK mode
- collective modes
- color mode
- command mode
- common mode
- communications mode
- compatibility mode
- competing modes
- concert hall reverberation mode
- configuration mode
- constant-frequency mode
- contention mode
- continuous-wave mode
- contour modes
- control mode
- conversational mode
- cooked mode
- correlator mode
- counter mode
- counterclockwise mode
- coupled modes
- crossover mode
- current mode
- cutoff mode
- cw mode
- cyclotron mode
- cylinder-head-sector mode
- damped mode
- data-in mode
- data-out mode
- Debye mode
- Debye-like mode
- defocus-dash mode
- defocus-focus mode
- degenerate mode
- delayed domain mode
- depletion mode
- deposition mode
- difference mode
- differential mode
- diffusive mode
- digital mode
- dipole mode
- direct memory access transfer mode
- disk-at-once mode
- display mode
- dissymmetric mode
- DMA transfer mode
- domain mode
- dominant mode
- dot-addressable mode
- dot-dash mode
- doze mode
- draft mode
- drift mode
- ducted mode
- duotone mode
- duplex mode
- dynamic mode
- dynamic scattering mode
- E mode
- Emn mode
- ECHS mode
- ECP mode
- edge mode
- edit mode
- eigen mode
- electromagnetic mode
- elementary mode
- elliptically polarized mode
- embedded mode
- end-fire mode
- enhanced parallel port mode
- enhanced virtual 8086 mode
- enhanced virtual 86 mode
- enhancement mode
- EPP mode
- equiamplitude modes
- EV8086 mode
- EV86 mode
- evanescent mode
- even mode
- even-order mode
- even-symmetrical mode
- exchange mode
- exchange-dominated mode
- excited mode
- exciting mode
- extended capability port mode
- extended cylinder-head-sector mode
- extensional mode
- extraordinary mode
- FA mode
- face shear modes
- failure mode
- fast mode
- fast-forward mode
- ferrite-air mode
- ferrite-dielectric mode
- ferrite-guided mode
- ferrite-metal mode
- ferrodistortive mode
- ferroelectric mode
- file mode
- first mode
- FM mode
- forbidden mode
- force mode
- foreground mode
- forward mode
- forward-bias mode
- forward-propagating mode
- forward-scattered mode
- four-color mode
- four-output mode
- free-running mode
- full on mode
- fundamental mode
- gate mode
- Gaussian mode
- Goldstone mode
- graphic display mode
- graphic mode
- gray-level mode
- grayscale mode
- guided mode
- guided-wave mode
- Gunn mode
- gyromagnetic mode
- H mode
- Hmn mode
- half-duplex mode
- half-tone mode
- hard mode
- harmonic mode
- helicon mode
- Hermite-Gaussian mode
- higher mode
- higher-order mode
- HLS mode
- HSB mode
- HSV mode
- hybrid mode
- idling mode
- impact avalanche transit-time mode
- IMPATT mode
- indexed color mode
- inhibited domain mode
- initialization mode
- injection locked mode
- insert mode
- interactive mode
- internally-trapped mode
- interstitial diffusion mode
- ion-implantation channel mode
- ion-sound mode
- kernel mode
- kiosk mode
- L*a*b* mode
- landscape mode
- large disk mode
- lasing mode
- lattice mode
- laying mode
- LBA mode
- LCH mode
- leaky mode
- left-hand polarized mode
- left-handed polarized mode
- length modes
- letter mode
- LH mode
- limited space-charge accumulation mode
- line art mode
- local mode
- lock mode
- logical block addressing mode
- log-periodically coupled modes
- longitudinal mode
- loopback mode
- lowest mode
- lowest-order mode
- low-power mode
- LSA mode
- magnetic mode
- magnetodynamical mode
- magnetoelastic mode
- magnetosonic mode
- magnetostatic mode
- magnetron mode
- main mode
- masing mode
- master/slave mode
- mixed mode
- mode of excitation
- mode of operation
- modified semistatic mode
- modulated transit-time mode
- module test mode
- mono mode
- mono/stereo mode
- monopulse mode
- moving-target indication mode
- MTI mode
- multi mode
- multichannel mode
- multimode mode
- multiple sector mode
- multiplex mode
- mutual orthogonal modes
- native mode
- natural mode
- near-letter mode
- nibble mode
- nondegenerated mode
- non-privileged mode
- nonpropagating mode
- nonresonant mode
- nonuniform processional mode
- normal mode
- normal-incidence mode
- odd mode
- odd-order mode
- odd-symmetrical mode
- off mode
- off-axial mode
- off-line mode
- omni mode
- on mode
- on-line mode
- operation mode
- optical mode
- ordinary mode
- original mode
- originate mode
- orthogonal modes
- OS/2 compatible mode
- overdamped mode
- overtype mode
- packet mode
- packet transfer mode
- page mode
- parallel port FIFO mode
- parametric mode
- parasitic mode
- pedestal-current stabilized mode
- penetration mode
- persistent-current mode
- perturbated mode
- phonon mode
- pi mode
- PIO mode
- plane mode
- plane polarized mode
- plasma mode
- plasma-guide mode
- playback mode
- polarized mode
- poly mode
- portrait mode
- preferred mode
- principal mode
- privileged mode
- programmed input/output mode
- promiscuous mode
- protected mode
- protected virtual address mode
- proton mode
- pseudo-Rayleigh mode
- pseudospin mode
- pseudospin-wave mode
- pulse mode
- quadrupole mode
- quadtone mode
- quasi-degenerated mode
- quenched domain mode
- quenched multiple-domain mode
- quenched single-domain mode
- question-and-answer mode
- radial mode
- radiating mode
- radiation mode
- Raman active mode
- ranging mode
- rare mode
- raw mode
- RB mode
- read multiple mode
- read-mostly mode
- real address mode
- real mode
- real-time mode
- receive mode
- reflected mode
- reflection mode
- refracted mode
- rehearse mode
- relaxational mode
- resonant mode
- return-beam mode
- reverberation mode
- reverse-bias mode
- rewind mode
- RGB mode
- RH mode
- rho-rho mode
- right-hand polarized mode
- right-handed polarized mode
- safe mode
- saturated-off mode of operation
- saturation mode
- saving mode
- scan mode
- search mode
- secondary-emission pedestal mode
- second-breakdown mode
- self-localized mode
- self-locked mode
- semistatic mode
- shear mode
- shutdown mode
- side modes
- simplex mode
- single mode
- single-vortex cycle mode
- slave mode
- sleep mode
- slow mode
- small room reverberation mode
- soft mode
- softened mode
- sorcerer's apprentice mode
- space-charge feedback mode
- space-charge mode
- spatially orthogonal modes
- special fully nested mode
- spiking mode
- spin mode
- spin-wave mode
- SPP mode
- spurious mode
- spurious pulse mode
- stable mode
- stable-negative-resistance mode
- standard parallel port mode - stationary mode
- Stokes mode
- stop clock mode
- stop mode
- stream mode
- subharmonic mode
- substitutional-diffusion mode
- subsurface mode
- sum mode
- superradiant mode
- supervisor mode
- surface skimming mode
- surface-wave mode
- suspend mode
- SVGA mode
- switching mode
- symmetric mode
- symmetry breaking mode
- symmetry restoring mode
- system management mode
- system test mode
- Tmnp wave resonant mode
- task mode
- TE mode
- TEmnp wave resonant mode
- tearing mode
- telegraph mode
- TEM mode
- terminal mode
- test mode
- text mode
- thermal mode
- thickness modes
- three-color mode
- through mode
- time-difference mode
- time-sharing mode
- TM mode
- TMmnp wave resonant mode
- torsional modes
- total-internal reflection mode
- track-at-once mode
- transfer mode
- transient mode
- transit-time domain mode
- transit-time mode
- transmission mode
- transmitted mode
- transmitting mode
- transverse electric mode
- transverse electromagnetic mode
- transverse magnetic mode
- transverse mode
- transversely polarized mode
- transverse-symmetrical mode
- TRAPATT mode
- trapped mode
- trapped plasma avalanche transit-time mode
- trapped-domain mode
- traveling space-charge mode
- traveling-wave mode
- tristate test mode
- tritone mode
- truncated mode
- twist mode
- twisted nematic mode
- TXT mode
- typeover mode
- uncoupled modes
- undamped mode
- underdamped mode
- unguided mode
- unidirectional mode
- unilateral mode
- unperturbed mode
- unreal mode
- unstable mode
- unwanted mode
- user mode
- V8086 mode
- V86 mode
- VGA mode
- vibration mode
- video mode
- virtual 8086 mode
- virtual 86 mode
- virtual real mode
- volume magnetostatic mode
- wait for key mode
- waiting mode
- Walker mode
- walk-off mode
- wave mode
- waveguide mode
- whispering-gallery mode
- whistler mode
- width modes
- write mode
- write multiple mode
- zero-frequency mode
- zero-order modeThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > mode
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23 lock
̈ɪlɔk I сущ.
1) а) локон;
мн. волосы scalp lock ≈ прическа "ирокез" Syn: tress б) перен. листва деревьев
2) пучок (волос) ;
клок( ваты, шерсти и т. п.) II
1. сущ.
1) а) замок;
запор;
затвор (то, что открывается ключом или комбинацией цифр или букв) to pick a lock ≈ открывать замок отмычкой under lock and key ≈ запертый, под замком combination lock ≈ замок с цифровой или буквенной комбинацией double lock ≈ двойной замок mortise lock ≈ врезной замок safety lock ≈ предохранитель, замок с секретом time lock ≈ замок с часовым механизмом Yale lock ≈ американский автоматический замок б) замок, запор (в оружии)
2) шлюз( на реке, на канале) Syn: sluice
1.
3) переходной шлюз (в космическом корабле, на подводной лодке) Syn: air-lock
4) а) сцепление, взаимное связывание Syn: interlocking б) затор, пробка( в уличном движении)
5) спорт захват( в борьбе) Syn: grip
1.
6) тех. стопор, чека
7) воров. жарг. укрыватель краденого
8) (Lock;
тж. Lock Hospital) венерологическая лечебница ∙ lock, stock and barrel ≈ разг. целиком, полностью;
"со всеми потрохами" under lock and key ≈ под замком
2. гл.
1) а) запирать ключом, запирать на замок;
запирать комнату, дом и т. п. to lock the door ≈ запирать, закрывать дверь to lock smth. in the desk ≈ запирать что-л. в стол б) непер. запираться The door will not lock. ≈ Дверь не запирается.
2) окружать( обыкн. lock in) the land locked with hills ≈ местность, окруженная холмами The vessel was locked in ice. ≈ Судно застряло во льдах. Syn: enclose, hem in, surround
3) а) сжимать, стискивать His teeth were locked together. ≈ Он стиснул зубы. Jane was locked in the arms of her husband. ≈ Джейн оказалась в крепких объятиях своего мужа. б) блокировать( колеса и т. п.)
4) соединять, сплетать;
сцеплять, сцепляться to lock bumpers ≈ сцепляться буферами He locked his hand in hers. ≈ Он соединил свою руку с ее руками. be locked in mortal combat ≈ сцепиться в смертельной схватке lock horns Syn: interlock, intertwine
5) шлюзовать to lock up( down) ≈ проводить судно по шлюзам вверх (вниз) по реке, каналу
6) воен. а) смыкать б) смыкаться ∙ lock away lock in lock out lock up to lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen ≈ хватиться слишком поздно локон волосы пучок волос клок (шерсти, ваты) замок;
запор;
затвор - trick * замок с секретом замок, затвор (в оружии) шлюз;
плотина;
перемычка захват "на ключ" (прием в борьбе) - double arm * захват двух рук - front waist * захват пояса спереди мертвая хватка;
тиски - he had a * on a large part of the state он держал в своих руках /в тисках/ значительную часть всего штата затор (в уличном движении) (техническое) стопор;
чека - * mechanism стопорный механизм - * washer пружинящая шайба( техническое) воздушная пробка;
воздушный шлюз (сленг) укрыватель краденого (американизм) (сленг) полная уверенность;
верняк > to keep a * upon one's lips замкнуть уста;
хранить на устах печать молчания > under * and key под замком, под надежным запором > *, stock and barrel все целиком /полностью/, все вместе взятое запирать на замок - to * a gate запереть калитку - to * on the inside запереть изнутри - to * the wheels of the car to prevent it from being stolen блокировать колеса машины6 чтобы ее не угнали запираться - to * easily легко запираться - does this trunk *? этот сундук запирается?;
у этого сундука есть замок? сжимать, стискивать - to * smb. in one's arms заключить кого-л. в объятия;
сжать кого-л. в объятиях - his jaws were tightly *ed он стиснул зубы хранить (в памяти, в сердце) - to * a secret in one's breast хранить тайну в глубине сердца (полиграфия) закреплять, заключать набор соединять, сплетать;
сцеплять - the parts * into each other детали плотно смыкаются сцепиться в схватке (американизм) схватиться, сцепиться ( в споре) сжимать (борьба) окружать со всех сторон( обыкн. * in) - the lake is *ed in /by/ hills озеро окружено со всех сторон горами застрять;
увязнуть - to be *ed into an untenable position увязнуть в совершенно невозможном положении тормозить( военное) смыкать( военное) смыкаться (техническое) блокировать, сцеплять, включать - I can't control the car, the wheels have *ed я не могу управлять машиной, поскольку колеса заблокированы шлюзовать - to * up проводить (судно) по шлюзам вверх (по реке, каналу) > to * the stable door after the horse has been stolen что толку конюшню запирать, когда коня украли > to * horns вступить в борьбу access ~ вчт. блокировка доступа caps ~ вчт. фиксация регистра прописных букв на клавиатуре keyboard ~ вчт. блокировка клавиатуры local ~ вчт. локальная блокировка ~ away спрятать под замок, запереть;
lock in запирать и не выпускать из комнаты ~ house сторожка при шлюзе ~ away спрятать под замок, запереть;
lock in запирать и не выпускать из комнаты ~ out запереть дверь и не впускать ~ out объявлять локаут ~ out увольнять ~ up утаивать (факты, сведения) ;
to lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen = хватиться слишком поздно ~ шлюзовать;
to lock up (down) проводить судно по шлюзам вверх (вниз) по реке, каналу ~ up вложить капитал в трудно реализуемые бумаги ~ up запирать ~ up помещать капитал в трудно реализуемые ценные бумаги ~ up сажать в тюрьму;
заключать в сумасшедший дом ~ up утаивать( факты, сведения) ;
to lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen = хватиться слишком поздно ~s вчт. замки locks and keys вчт. система замков и ключей memory write ~ вчт. блокировка записи в память num ~ вчт. фиксация числового регистра клавиатуры release a ~ вчт. снять блокировку safety ~ блокировка scroll ~ вчт. блокирование прокрутки ~ венерологическая лечебница (тж. L. Hospital) ;
lock, stock and barrel разг. целиком, полностью;
все вместе взятое, гуртом suspend ~ вчт. отсроченная блокировка system-wide ~ вчт. блокировка на системном уровне ~ замок (тж. в оружии) ;
запор;
затвор;
щеколда;
under lock and key запертый, под замком yale ~ автоматический "американский" замок -
24 drilling
бурение; сверление; высверливаниеbottom supported marine drilling — бурение скважин с опорой на дно (со стационарной свайной платформы)
* * *
1. бурение2. pl. буровой шлам, буровая мелочь
* * *
* * *
1) бурение; сверление; высверливание || буровой; бурильный2) pl выбуренная порода3) pl буровой шлам, буровая мука; буровая мелочь4) pl скважины5) pl алмазы величиной от 4 до 23 штук на карат•drilling afloat — бурение наплаву;
drilling ahead — 1) бурение ниже башмака обсадной колонны ( на значительную глубину) 2) бурение, опережающее проходку горной выработки;
drilling by flame — 1) термическое бурение 2) прожигание скважин;
drilling by jetting method — 1) бурение гидравлическим способом 2) гидромониторное бурение;
drilling deeper — углубка скважины;
drilling for gas — бурение на газ;
drilling for oil — бурение на нефть;
drilling for structure — картировочное бурение;
drilling for water — бурение на воду;
drilling from floating vessel — бурение с плавучего основания;
drilling in cramped quarter — бурение глубоких скважин из выработки малого сечения;
drilling into abnormal pressure zone — бурение в зоне высокого давления;
not drilling — простаивающий ();
drilling off the whipstock — бурение со стационарного отклонителя;
drilling on the bottom — чистое бурение;
drilling out of cement plug — разбуривание цементной пробки;
drilling suspended indefinitely — бурение прекращено на неопределённое время;
drilling the pay — разбуривание продуктивного пласта;
drilling to completion — бурение до проектной глубины;
drilling to predetermined depth — бурение до проектной глубины;
drilling to projected depth — бурение до проектной глубины;
drilling with aerated fluid — бурение с промывкой аэрированной жидкостью;
drilling with aerated formation water — бурение с промывкой аэрированными пластовыми водами;
drilling with air — бурение с очисткой забоя воздухом;
drilling with counterflow — бурение с обратной промывкой;
drilling with explosives — взрывное бурение;
drilling with localized mud circulation — бурение с местной промывкой;
drilling with mud — бурение с промывкой буровым раствором;
drilling with oil — бурение с промывкой раствором на углеводородной основе;
drilling with salt water — бурение с промывкой солёной водой;
drilling with sound vibration — вибробурение со звуковыми частотами;
- drilling of submarine wellsdrilling without drill pipe — беструбное бурение;
- abrasive jet drilling
- aerated-fluid drilling
- aerated-mud drilling
- aeration drilling
- air drilling
- air-and-gas drilling
- air-and-stable-foam drilling
- air-flush drilling
- air-hammer drilling
- air-hammer rotary drilling
- air-motor drilling
- air-percussion drilling
- air-reverse-circulation drilling
- angled drilling
- angular drilling
- anomaly drilling
- appraisal drilling
- arc drilling
- auger drilling
- balanced drilling
- barge drilling
- bench drilling
- blasthole drilling
- blind drilling
- borehole drilling
- bottom supported marine drilling
- bottomhole circulation drilling
- bottom-supported offshore drilling
- branched-hole drilling
- cable drilling
- cable-churn drilling
- cable-Pennsylvanian drilling
- cable-rotary drilling
- cable-tool drilling
- calibration drilling
- Calyx drilling
- Canadian drilling
- carbide percussion drilling
- chain bit drilling
- checkerboard drilling
- chemical drilling
- chilled-shot drilling
- churn drilling
- churn flame drilling
- city-lot drilling
- clean drilling
- close drilling
- close-spaced surface drilling
- close-spaced underground drilling
- cluster drilling
- cluster directional drilling of slant
- combination drilling
- compressed air drilling
- continuous penetration drilling
- contract drilling
- control angle drilling
- controlled drilling
- controlled-angle drilling
- core drilling
- counterflush drilling
- counterflush core drilling
- cover drilling
- Craelius method drilling
- deep drilling
- deep-hole drilling
- deep-water drilling
- deep-well drilling
- definition drilling
- dense drilling
- development drilling
- diamond drilling
- diamond core drilling
- direct-air-circulation drilling
- direct-circulation drilling
- directed drilling
- directional drilling
- directional drilling of slant holes
- double-barreled drilling
- double-directional drilling
- double-hand drilling
- double-inclinated drilling
- double-simultaneous drilling
- double-tube drilling
- downhole drilling
- downhole electrical motor drilling
- downhole hammer drilling
- downhole percussion drilling
- downhole turbine motor drilling
- down-the-hole drilling
- drainhole drilling
- drive-pipe drilling
- dry drilling
- dry-hole drilling
- dry percussive drilling
- dual-bore cluster drilling
- dual-hole simultaneous drilling
- dust-free drilling
- dustless drilling
- easy drilling
- electrical drilling
- electrical arc drilling
- electrical bottomhole drilling
- electrohydraulic drilling
- electrojet drilling
- electron beam drilling
- erosion drilling
- erosion jet drilling
- exhaust gas drilling
- exploration drilling
- exploratory drilling
- explosion drilling
- extended reach drilling
- failure-free drilling
- fan drilling
- flame drilling
- flame-jet drilling
- floating drilling
- fluid circulating drilling
- fluid core drilling
- flush drilling
- foam drilling
- formation drilling
- full-diameter drilling
- full-hole drilling
- gas drilling
- gas-well drilling
- geological drilling
- group drilling
- grout-hole drilling
- guided drilling
- hand drilling
- hand churn drilling
- hand hammer drilling
- hard-rock drilling
- heavy weight drilling
- high-frequency drilling
- high-frequency percussion drilling
- high-velocity jet drilling
- hooded dry drilling
- horizontal drilling
- horizontal branched-hole drilling
- horizontal-drainhole drilling
- horizontal-radial diamond drilling
- horizontal-ring drilling
- hydraulical drilling
- hydraulical percussion drilling
- hydraulical rotary drilling
- hydrodynamical drilling
- hydropercussion drilling
- hydropercussion rotary drilling
- hydroturbine downhole motor drilling
- implosion drilling
- inclination drilling
- induction drilling
- infill drilling
- injection drilling
- instrumental drilling
- intermediate hole drilling
- inverted oil emulsion drilling
- jet drilling
- jet-bit drilling
- jet-erosion drilling
- jet-piercer drilling
- jet-piercing drilling
- jetted-particle drilling
- jetting drilling
- jump drilling
- key well drilling
- large-hole drilling
- laser drilling
- lateral drilling
- line drilling
- line-hole drilling
- line-well drilling
- long-hole drilling
- machine drilling
- magnetostriction drilling
- magnetostriction rotary drilling
- marine drilling
- mechanical drilling
- mechanized drilling
- Mesabi structural drilling
- microbit drilling
- mist drilling
- moderate drilling
- mud-circulating drilling
- mud-powered hammer drilling
- multidirectional drilling
- multihole drilling
- multiple drilling
- multiple-plan drilling
- noncore drilling
- nonpressure drilling
- offset drilling
- offshore drilling
- oil-emulsion drilling
- oil-mud drilling
- oil-well drilling
- old-well deeper drilling
- one-man drilling
- on-land drilling
- optimized drilling
- oriented drilling
- original drilling
- outstep drilling
- overbalanced drilling
- overburden drilling
- overhead drilling
- parallel hole drilling
- pay drilling
- pellet impact drilling
- Pennsylvanian drilling
- percussion drilling
- percussion-air drilling
- percussion-rod drilling
- percussion-rotation drilling
- percussive drilling
- percussive-machine drilling
- percussive-rotary drilling
- performance drilling
- permafrost drilling
- petroleum drilling
- pier drilling
- pillar extraction drilling
- pilot drilling
- pipe-driving drilling
- pipeless drilling
- pipeless downhole electrical motor drilling
- placer drilling
- plasma drilling
- plug drilling
- pneumatical drilling
- preliminary drilling
- pressure drilling
- probe drilling
- production drilling
- prospect drilling
- pulsed jet drilling
- push-button drilling
- push-feed drilling
- quick-blow drilling
- radial drilling
- random drilling
- rapid-blow drilling
- reduced-pressure drilling
- remote automated drilling
- reverse-circulation core drilling
- ring drilling
- rock drilling
- rocket drilling
- rod drilling
- rod-tool drilling
- roller-bit drilling
- rope drilling
- rotary drilling
- rotary-percussion drilling
- rotary-turbine drilling
- rotation drilling
- rotation-vibropercussion drilling
- rough drilling
- run-to-waste drilling
- safe drilling
- salt-dome drilling
- sample drilling
- scattered drilling
- seam drilling
- secondary drilling
- sectional steel drilling
- self-cleaning drilling
- shaft drilling
- shallow drilling
- shaped charge drilling
- shelf drilling
- ship-side drilling
- shock-wave drilling
- shot drilling
- shot core drilling
- shothole drilling
- simultaneous drilling
- single-hand drilling
- single-pass drilling
- single-row drilling
- slant-hole drilling
- slim-hole drilling
- sonic combination drilling
- spark drilling
- spindle feed drilling
- spring-pole drilling
- steel-shot drilling
- straight-ahead drilling
- straight-hole drilling
- straight-hole directional drilling
- stratigraphic test drilling
- structure drilling
- subgrade drilling
- submarine drilling
- subsurface drilling
- superdeep drilling
- surface drilling
- surface blasthole drilling
- surface hole drilling
- tension drilling
- test drilling
- test-hole drilling
- test-well drilling
- thermal drilling
- top hammer drilling
- top hole drilling
- tough drilling
- town-lot drilling
- triple-hole simultaneous drilling
- trouble-free drilling
- tungsten-carbide drilling
- turbine motor drilling
- ultradeep drilling
- ultrasonic drilling
- underbalanced drilling
- underground drilling
- underwater drilling
- up-hole drilling
- upper-hole drilling
- vacuum drilling
- vertical drilling
- vertical ring drilling
- vibration drilling
- vibratory drilling
- vibratory-percussion drilling
- vibratory-rotary drilling
- vibropercussion drilling
- vibropercussion rotary drilling
- wash drilling
- water drilling
- water-assisted drilling
- water-flush drilling
- water-jet drilling
- water-well drilling
- well drilling
- wet drilling
- wild-cat drilling
- wireline drilling* * *Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > drilling
-
25 horse
noun1) Pferd, das; (adult male) Hengst, derbe/get on one's high horse — (fig.) auf dem hohen Roß sitzen/sich aufs hohe Roß setzen (ugs.)
hold your horses! — (fig.) immer sachte mit den jungen Pferden! (ugs.)
as strong as a horse — bärenstark (ugs.)
eat/work like a horse — wie ein Scheunendrescher essen (salopp) /wie ein Pferd arbeiten
I could eat a horse — (coll.) ich habe einen Bärenhunger (ugs.)
[right or straight] from the horse's mouth — (fig.) aus erster Hand od. Quelle
it's [a question or matter of] horses for courses — (fig.) jeder sollte die Aufgaben übernehmen, für die er am besten geeignet ist
2) (Gymnastics)[vaulting] horse — [Sprung]pferd, das
3) (framework) Gestell, das[clothes-]horse — Wäscheständer, der
* * *[ho:s]1) (a large four-footed animal which is used to pull carts etc or to carry people etc.) das Pferd2) (a piece of apparatus used for jumping, vaulting etc in a gymnasium.) der Bock•- academic.ru/116690/horse-box">horse-box- horsefly
- horsehair
- horseman
- horsemanship
- horseplay
- horsepower
- horseshoe
- on horseback
- straight from the horse's mouth
- from the horse's mouth* * *[hɔ:s, AM hɔ:rs]I. n\horse and carriage Pferdekutsche f\horse and cart Pferdefuhrwerk ntcoach and \horses Postkutsche fto eat like a \horse fressen wie ein Scheunendrescher famto ride a \horse reitento work like a \horse wie ein Pferd arbeiten2. pl▪ the \horses pl das Pferderennento play the \horses beim Pferderennen wettenwooden vaulting \horse hölzernes Pferd4. (helper)willing \horse fleißiger Helfer/fleißige Helferin7.▶ to back the wrong \horse aufs falsche Pferd setzen▶ to drive a coach and \horses through sth BRIT (violate) sich akk den Teufel um etw akk scheren fam; (disprove)she drove a coach and \horses through his arguments sie wischte seine Argumente einfach vom Tischyou're flogging a dead \horse there das ist echt vergebliche Liebesmüh' fam▶ to be on one's high \horse auf dem hohen Ross sitzenhey! hold your \horses! not so fast! he, nun mal langsam, nicht so schnell!▶ one has locked the stable door after the \horse has bolted der Zug ist abgefahren▶ never look a gift \horse in the mouth ( prov) einem geschenkten Gaul schaut man nicht ins Maul prov▶ to put the cart before the \horse das Pferd am Schwanz aufzäumen▶ you can take [or lead] a \horse to water, but you can't make him drink ( prov) man kann jdn nicht zu seinem Glück zwingenII. vi▪ to \horse about [or around] Blödsinn machen, herumblödeln* * *[hɔːs]nhe lost a lot of money on the horses (betting) — er hat beim Pferderennen or bei der Pferdewette viel Geld verloren
2)to eat like a horse — wie ein Scheunendrescher m essen or fressen (inf)
information straight from the horse's mouth — Informationen pl aus erster Hand
to change or switch horses in midstream — mitten im Strom die Pferde wechseln
it's a case of horses for courses (Brit) — man muss den Richtigen/die Richtige/das Richtige dafür finden
* * *horse [hɔː(r)s]A s1. Pferd n:(as) strong as a horse so stark wie ein Bär, bärenstark;he is as strong as a horse auch er hat Bärenkräfte;back the wrong (right) horse fig aufs falsche (richtige) Pferd setzen;back the wrong horse auch auf die falsche Karte setzen;breathe like a horse wie eine Dampflokomotive schnaufen;eat like a horse wie ein Scheunendrescher essen umg;hold your horses! umg langsam!, immer mit der Ruhe!;you can lead ( oder take) a horse to water but you can’t make it drink (Sprichwort) man kann niemanden zwingen, einen guten Vorschlag anzunehmen;spur a willing horse fig jemanden unnötigerweise antreiben;2. a) Hengst mb) Wallach m3. koll MIL Kavallerie f, Reiterei f:regiment of horse Kavallerieregiment n;a thousand horse tausend Reiter;horse and foot Kavallerie und Infanterie, die ganze Armee4. TECH (Säge- etc) Bock m, Gestell n, Ständer m5. TYPO Anlegetisch m6. Bergbau:a) Bühne fb) Gebirgskeil m10. sl Heroin nB v/t1. mit Pferden versehen:a) Truppen etc beritten machenb) einen Wagen bespannen2. auf ein Pferd setzen oder laden4. umg derbe Späße treiben mitC v/i1. aufsitzen, aufs Pferd steigen3. rossen (Stute)* * *noun1) Pferd, das; (adult male) Hengst, derbe/get on one's high horse — (fig.) auf dem hohen Roß sitzen/sich aufs hohe Roß setzen (ugs.)
hold your horses! — (fig.) immer sachte mit den jungen Pferden! (ugs.)
as strong as a horse — bärenstark (ugs.)
eat/work like a horse — wie ein Scheunendrescher essen (salopp) /wie ein Pferd arbeiten
I could eat a horse — (coll.) ich habe einen Bärenhunger (ugs.)
[right or straight] from the horse's mouth — (fig.) aus erster Hand od. Quelle
it's [a question or matter of] horses for courses — (fig.) jeder sollte die Aufgaben übernehmen, für die er am besten geeignet ist
2) (Gymnastics)[vaulting] horse — [Sprung]pferd, das
3) (framework) Gestell, das[clothes-]horse — Wäscheständer, der
* * *n.Bock ¨-e m.Gaul Gäule m.Pferd -e n.Ross -e n. -
26 lead
I noun1) (metal) Blei, dasgo down like a lead balloon — mit Pauken und Trompeten durchfallen (ugs.); [Rede, Vorschlag usw.:] überhaupt nicht ankommen
2) (in pencil) [Bleistift]mine, dieII 1. transitive verb,1) führenlead somebody by the hand — jemanden an der Hand führen
lead somebody by the nose — (fig.) jemanden nach seiner Pfeife tanzen lassen
lead somebody into trouble — (fig.) jemandem Ärger einbringen
this is leading us nowhere — (fig.) das führt zu nichts
lead somebody to do something — jemanden veranlassen, etwas zu tun
that leads me to believe that... — das lässt mich glauben, dass...
he led me to suppose/believe that... — er gab mir Grund zu der Annahme/er machte mich glauben, dass...
3) führen [Leben]lead a life of misery/a miserable existence — ein erbärmliches Dasein führen/eine kümmerliche Existenz fristen
4) (be first in) anführenlead the world in electrical engineering — auf dem Gebiet der Elektrotechnik in der ganzen Welt führend sein
Smith led Jones by several yards/seconds — (Sport) Smith hatte mehrere Yards/Sekunden Vorsprung vor Jones
5) (direct, be head of) anführen [Bewegung, Abordnung]; leiten [Diskussion, Veranstaltung, Ensemble]; [Dirigent:] leiten [Orchester, Chor]; [Konzertmeister:] führen [Orchester]2. intransitive verb,lead a party — Vorsitzender/Vorsitzende einer Partei sein
1) [Straße usw., Tür:] führenlead to the town/to the sea — zur Stadt/ans Meer führen
one thing led to another — es kam eins zum anderen
3. nounlead by 3 metres — mit 3 Metern in Führung liegen; 3 Meter Vorsprung haben
follow somebody's lead, take one's lead from somebody — jemandes Beispiel (Dat.) folgen
be in the lead — in Führung liegen; an der Spitze liegen
4) (on dog etc.) Leine, die5) (Electr.) Kabel, das; Leitung, diePhrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/42119/lead_away">lead away- lead off- lead on* * *I 1. [li:d] past tense, past participle - led; verb1) (to guide or direct or cause to go in a certain direction: Follow my car and I'll lead you to the motorway; She took the child by the hand and led him across the road; He was leading the horse into the stable; The sound of hammering led us to the garage; You led us to believe that we would be paid!) führen2) (to go or carry to a particular place or along a particular course: A small path leads through the woods.) führen3) ((with to) to cause or bring about a certain situation or state of affairs: The heavy rain led to serious floods.) führen4) (to be first (in): An official car led the procession; He is still leading in the competition.) anführen2. noun1) (the front place or position: He has taken over the lead in the race.) die Führung2) (the state of being first: We have a lead over the rest of the world in this kind of research.) die Führung3) (the act of leading: We all followed his lead.) die Führung4) (the amount by which one is ahead of others: He has a lead of twenty metres (over the man in second place).) der Vorsprung5) (a leather strap or chain for leading a dog etc: All dogs must be kept on a lead.) die Leine6) (a piece of information which will help to solve a mystery etc: The police have several leads concerning the identity of the thief.) der Hinweis7) (a leading part in a play etc: Who plays the lead in that film?) die Hauptrolle•- leader- leadership
- lead on
- lead up the garden path
- lead up to
- lead the way II [led] noun1) (( also adjective) (of) an element, a soft, heavy, bluish-grey metal: lead pipes; Are these pipes made of lead or copper?) das Blei2) (the part of a pencil that leaves a mark: The lead of my pencil has broken.) die Mine•- leaden* * *lead1[led]I. nto be as heavy as \lead schwer wie Blei seinto contain \lead bleihaltig sein7.▶ to swing the \lead BRIT ( fam: pretend to be sick) krankfeiern fam; (pretend to be incapable of work) sich akk drücken fam, schwänzen SCHWEIZ fam\lead accumulator Bleiakkumulator mlead2[li:d]I. n1. THEAT, FILM Hauptrolle fto get/play the \lead [in sth] [in etw dat] die Hauptrolle bekommen/spielento follow sb's \lead jds Beispiel folgento give a strong \lead gut führento follow sb's \lead sich akk von jdm führen lassento have/hold/take [over] the \lead die Führung haben/verteidigen/übernehmento lose one's \lead die Führung verlierento get a \lead on sth einen Hinweis auf etw akk bekommen▪ to be on a \lead angeleint seinto keep an animal on a \lead ein Tier an der Leine haltento let an animal off the \lead ein Tier von der Leine lassen, ein Tier frei laufen lassenII. vt<led, led>1. (be in charge of)▪ to \lead sb/sth jdn/etw führenshe led the party to victory sie führte die Partei zum Siegto \lead a delegation/an expedition eine Delegation/eine Expedition leitento \lead a discussion/an inquiry eine Diskussion/Ermittlungen leitento \lead sb in prayer jdm vorbeten2. (guide)▪ to \lead sb/sth jdn/etw führento \lead sb astray jdn auf Abwege führen3. (go in advance)to \lead the way vorangehento \lead sb [in]to problems jdn in Schwierigkeiten bringen▪ to \lead sb to do sth jdn dazu verleiten, etw zu tunto \lead sb to believe that... jdn glauben lassen, dass...▪ to \lead sb jdn anführento \lead the field/the pack das Feld/die Gruppe anführento \lead the world weltweit führend sein7. (spend)to \lead a life of luxury ein Leben im Luxus führento \lead a cat-and-dog life wie Hund und Katze lebento \lead a charmed life (be very lucky in life) ein glückliches Leben führen; (be guarded from above) einen Schutzengel habento \lead a hectic/quiet life ein hektisches/ruhiges Leben führenthe life she \leads is very relaxed sie führt ein sehr bequemes Leben8. (influence)9.▶ to \lead sb up [or down] the garden path ( fam) jdn an der Nase herumführen [o hinters Licht führen]III. vi<led, led>1. (be in charge) die Leitung innehaben2. (be guide) vorangehenwhere she \leads, others will follow sie ist eine starke Führungspersönlichkeit3. (guide woman dancer) führen4. (be directed towards)▪ to \lead somewhere irgendwohin führenthe track \leads across the fields der Pfad führt über die Felderthis passage \leads into the servants' quarters dieser Gang führt zu den Wohnräumen der Bedienstetenthe door \leads onto a wide shady terrace die Tür geht auf eine große, schattige Terrasse hinaus5. (implicate)everything \leads to this conclusion alles legt diese Schlussfolgerung nahethis is bound to \lead to trouble das muss zwangsläufig zu Schwierigkeiten führenall this talk is \leading nowhere all dieses Gerede führt zu [o fam bringt] nichtswhere's it all going to \lead? wo soll das alles noch hinführen?to \lead by 10 points mit 10 Punkten in Führung liegen8. LAW in einem Prozess auftretento \lead for the prosecution die Anklage[verhandlung] eröffnen9.* * *I [led]1. n1) (= metal) Blei ntthat'll put lead in your pencil (inf) — das wird dir die Glieder stärken (inf)
2. vt(= weight with lead) mit Blei beschweren II [liːd] vb: pret, ptp led1. n1) (= front position) Spitzenposition f; (= leading position, SPORT) Führung f, Spitze f; (in league etc) Tabellenspitze fto be in the lead — führend sein, in Führung liegen; (Sport) in Führung or vorn liegen, führen
to take the lead, to move into the lead — in Führung gehen, die Führung übernehmen; (in league) Tabellenführer werden
this set gives him the lead —
he took the lead from the German runner — er übernahm die Führung vor dem deutschen Läufer
Japan took the lead from Germany in exports — Japan verdrängte Deutschland auf dem Exportmarkt von der Spitze
2) (= distance, time ahead) Vorsprung m3) (= example) Beispiel ntto take the lead, to show a lead — mit gutem Beispiel vorangehen
the police have a lead — die Polizei hat eine Spur
5) (CARDS)7) (= leash) Leine f2. vtto lead sb in/out etc — jdn hinein-/hinaus- etc führen
to lead the way (lit, fig) — vorangehen; ( fig
2) (= be the leader of, direct) (an)führen; expedition, team leiten; regiment führen; movement, revolution anführen; conversation bestimmen; orchestra (conductor) leiten; (first violin) führento lead a government — an der Spitze einer Regierung stehen, Regierungschef sein
to lead a party — Parteivorsitzender sein, den Parteivorsitz führen
3) (= be first in) anführenBritain leads the world in textiles — Großbritannien ist auf dem Gebiet der Textilproduktion führend in der Welt
4) card ausspielen5) life führento lead a life of luxury/deception — ein Luxusleben/betrügerisches Leben führen
6) (= influence) beeinflussento lead sb to do sth — jdn dazu bringen, etw zu tun
to lead a witness — einen Zeugen/eine Zeugin beeinflussen
what led him to change his mind? — wie kam er dazu, seine Meinung zu ändern?
to lead sb to believe that... — jdm den Eindruck vermitteln, dass..., jdn glauben machen, dass... (geh)
I am led to believe that... —
this led me to the conclusion that... — daraus schloss ich, dass...
I am led to the conclusion that... —
7) wire, flex legen, entlangführen3. vi1) (= go in front) vorangehen; (in race) in Führung liegento lead by 10 metres — einen Vorsprung von 10 Metern haben, mit 10 Metern in Führung liegen
he always follows where his brother leads — er macht alles nach, was sein Bruder macht
the "Times" led with a story about the financial crisis —
2) (= be a leader also in dancing) führenhe had shown the ability to lead — er hat gezeigt, dass er Führungsqualitäten besitzt
who leads? — wer spielt aus?, wer fängt an?
4) (street etc) führen, gehenwhat will all these strikes lead to? — wo sollen all diese Streiks hinführen?
* * *lead1 [liːd]A s1. Führung f:a) Leitung f:under sb’s leadb) führende Stelle, Spitze f:be in the lead an der Spitze stehen, führend sein, SPORT etc in Führung oder vorn(e) liegen, führen;give one’s team the lead SPORT seine Mannschaft in Führung bringen;shoot one’s team into the lead SPORT seine Mannschaft in Führung schießen;from vor dat),b) die Initiative ergreifen,c) vorangehen, neue Wege weisenhave a big lead einen großen Vorsprung haben, hoch führen;have a two-goal lead mit zwei Toren führen;3. Boxen: (eine Schlagserie) einleitender Schlag4. Vorbild n, Beispiel n:follow sb’s lead jemandes Beispiel folgen;give sb a lead jemandem ein gutes Beispiel geben, jemandem mit gutem Beispiel vorangehen5. a) Hinweis m, Wink mb) Anhaltspunkt mc) Spur f:give sb a lead jemandem einen Hinweis oder Anhaltspunkt geben; jemanden auf die Spur bringen6. THEAT etca) Hauptrolle fb) Hauptdarsteller(in)7. Kartenspiel:a) Vorhand fb) zuerst ausgespielte Karte oder Farbe:your lead! Sie spielen aus!8. Journalismus:a) Vorspann m (eines Zeitungsartikels)b) Aufmacher m:the scandal was the lead in the papers der Skandal wurde von den Zeitungen groß herausgestellt9. TECH Steigung f, Ganghöhe f (eines Gewindes)10. ELEKa) (Zu)Leitung fb) Leiter m, Leitungsdraht m12. Wasserrinne f (in einem Eisfeld)keep on the lead an der Leine führen oder halten14. MIL Vorhalt mB adj Leit…, Führungs…, Haupt…C v/t prät und pperf led [led]1. führen, leiten, jemandem den Weg zeigen:2. führen, bringen:3. bewegen, verleiten, -führen ( alle:to zu), dahin bringen, veranlassen ( beide:to do zu tun):this led me to believe that … dies veranlasste mich zu glauben, dass …;what led you to think so? was brachte Sie zu dieser Ansicht?4. a) (an)führen, leiten, an der Spitze stehen von, SPORT führen vor (dat) oder gegen (by mit):lead an army eine Armee führen oder befehligen;lead the field SPORT das Feld anführen;lead the table SPORT die Tabelle anführen, an der Tabellenspitze stehen;lead sb by 20 seconds SPORT einen Vorsprung von 20 Sekunden vor jemandem habenb) eine Untersuchung etc leiten5. a) besonders US ein Orchester leiten, dirigieren6. ein behagliches etc Leben führen8. einen Zeugen durch Suggestivfragen lenken9. eine Karte, Farbe etc aus-, anspielen10. Boxen: einen Schlag führenD v/i1. führen:a) vorangehen, den Weg weisen (auch fig)b) die erste oder leitende Stelle einnehmen, Führer seinlead by points nach Punkten führen2. führen (Straße, Gang etc):lead into münden in (akk);lead off abgehen von;3. Boxen: (zu schlagen) beginnen:lead2 [led]A s1. CHEM Blei n:2. SCHIFF Senkblei n, Lot n:3. Blei n, Kugeln pl (Geschosse)4. CHEM Grafit m, Reißblei nput lead in sb’s pencil umg hum jemandes Manneskraft stärken6. TYPO Durchschuss m7. Fensterblei n, Bleifassung f8. pl Bra) bleierne Dachplatten plb) (flaches) BleidachB v/t1. verbleien:leaded verbleit, (Benzin auch) bleihaltig2. a) mit Blei füllenb) mit Blei beschweren3. Fensterglas in Blei fassen:leaded window Bleiglasfenster n;4. TYPO durchschießenC v/i SCHIFF loten* * *I noun1) (metal) Blei, dasgo down like a lead balloon — mit Pauken und Trompeten durchfallen (ugs.); [Rede, Vorschlag usw.:] überhaupt nicht ankommen
2) (in pencil) [Bleistift]mine, dieII 1. transitive verb,1) führenlead somebody by the nose — (fig.) jemanden nach seiner Pfeife tanzen lassen
lead somebody into trouble — (fig.) jemandem Ärger einbringen
this is leading us nowhere — (fig.) das führt zu nichts
2) (fig.): (influence, induce)lead somebody to do something — jemanden veranlassen, etwas zu tun
that leads me to believe that... — das lässt mich glauben, dass...
he led me to suppose/believe that... — er gab mir Grund zu der Annahme/er machte mich glauben, dass...
3) führen [Leben]lead a life of misery/a miserable existence — ein erbärmliches Dasein führen/eine kümmerliche Existenz fristen
4) (be first in) anführenlead the world in electrical engineering — auf dem Gebiet der Elektrotechnik in der ganzen Welt führend sein
Smith led Jones by several yards/seconds — (Sport) Smith hatte mehrere Yards/Sekunden Vorsprung vor Jones
5) (direct, be head of) anführen [Bewegung, Abordnung]; leiten [Diskussion, Veranstaltung, Ensemble]; [Dirigent:] leiten [Orchester, Chor]; [Konzertmeister:] führen [Orchester]2. intransitive verb,lead a party — Vorsitzender/Vorsitzende einer Partei sein
1) [Straße usw., Tür:] führenlead to the town/to the sea — zur Stadt/ans Meer führen
3. nounlead by 3 metres — mit 3 Metern in Führung liegen; 3 Meter Vorsprung haben
follow somebody's lead, take one's lead from somebody — jemandes Beispiel (Dat.) folgen
2) (first place) Führung, diebe in the lead — in Führung liegen; an der Spitze liegen
move or go into the lead, take the lead — sich an die Spitze setzen; in Führung gehen
3) (amount, distance) Vorsprung, der4) (on dog etc.) Leine, die5) (Electr.) Kabel, das; Leitung, diePhrasal Verbs:- lead off- lead on* * *(editorial) n.Leitartikel m. n.Blei nur sing. n. v.(§ p.,p.p.: led)= anführen v.führen v.leiten v.vorangehen v. -
27 lock
I noun(ringlet) Locke, dieII 1. noun1) (of door etc.) Schloss, dasunder lock and key — unter [strengem] Verschluss
2) (on canal etc.) Schleuse, die5)lock, stock, and barrel — (fig.) mit allem Drum und Dran (ugs.)
6) (Motor Veh.) Lenkeinschlag, der2. transitive verb1) (fasten) zuschließen; abschließenlock or shut the stable door after the horse has bolted — (fig.) den Brunnen erst zudecken, wenn das Kind hineingefallen ist
2) (shut)lock somebody/something in something — jemanden/etwas in etwas (Akk.) [ein]schließen
lock somebody/something out of something — jemanden/etwas aus etwas aussperren
3) in p.p. (joined)3. intransitive verbthe wrestlers were locked in combat — die Ringer hielten sich im Fesselgriff
[Tür, Kasten usw.:] sich ab-/zuschließen lassenPhrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/43514/lock_away">lock away- lock in- lock out- lock up* * *I 1. [lok] noun1) (a mechanism for fastening doors etc: He put the key in the lock.) das Schloß2) (a closed part of a canal for raising or lowering boats to a higher or lower part of the canal.) die Schleusenkammer3) (the part of a gun by which it is fired.) das Schloß4) (a tight hold (in wrestling etc).) die Fessel2. verb(to fasten or become fastened with a lock: She locked the drawer; This door doesn't lock.) ver-, abschließen- locker- locket
- locksmith
- lock in
- lock out
- lock up II [lok] noun1) (a piece of hair: She cut off a lock of his hair.) die Locke* * *lock1[lɒk, AM lɑ:k]I. ncombination \lock Kombinationsschloss ntbicycle \lock Fahrradschloss ntsteering \lock Lenkradschloss ntto hold sb in a body \lock jdn fest umklammert halten▪ to be a \lock feststehenshe's a \lock for promotion this year es ist völlig sicher, dass sie dieses Jahr befördert wird7. (synchronize)8.they have had a \lock on the market for years sie kontrollieren den Markt schon seit Jahren▶ \lock, stock and barrel ganz und garwe're moving our things \lock, stock and barrel to another city wir ziehen mit Sack und Pack in eine andere Stadthe rejected my idea \lock, stock and barrel er hat meine Idee in Bausch und Bogen verworfenII. vt1. (fasten)▪ to \lock sth etw abschließenhe \locked the confidential documents in his filing cabinet er schloss die vertraulichen Dokumente in den Aktenschrankto \lock a suitcase einen Koffer verschließento \lock a building ein Gebäude zuschließen [o SÜDD, ÖSTERR zusperren]; COMPUT access to accounts, data sperrenI'm afraid our ship is \locked in ice ich fürchte, unser Schiff steckt im Eis festto \lock one's hands behind sb's neck jds Hals umklammernto be \locked in a struggle sich akk umklammert haltento be \locked in discussions in Diskussionen verwickelt werdenIII. vi1. (become secured) schließen2. (become fixed) bindenour gazes \locked wir konnten den Blick nicht mehr voneinander [ab]wenden3. NAUT eine Schleuse passierenlock2[lɒk, AM lɑ:k]nlong, flowing \locks langes, wallendes Haar geh* * *I [lɒk]n(of hair) Locke f II1. nto put/keep sb under lock and key — jdn hinter Schloss und Riegel bringen/verwahren
he offered me the house lock, stock and barrel — er bot mir das Haus mit allem Drum und Dran an
they destroyed it lock, stock and barrel — sie haben es total zerstört
to own sth lock, stock and barrel — etw ganz besitzen
2) (= canal lock) Schleuse f3) (= hold) Fesselgriff mthe steering wheel was on full lock — das Lenkrad war voll eingeschlagen
2. vtdoor etc ab- or zuschließen; steering wheel sperren, arretieren; wheel blockieren; (COMPUT) file locken (spec)this bar locks the wheel in position —
the handcuffs were locked round his wrists — die Handschellen waren an seinen Handgelenken festgemacht
See:→ stable3. vischließen; (wheel) blockierena suitcase that locks — ein verschließbarer Koffer, ein Koffer, der sich abschließen lässt
the lion's jaws locked round his arm — der Kiefer des Löwen schloss sich fest um seinen Arm
* * *lock1 [lɒk; US lɑk]A s1. Schloss n (an Türen etc):a) hinter Schloss und Riegel (Person),b) unter Verschluss (Sache)2. Verschluss m, Schließe f3. Sperrvorrichtung f, Sicherung f4. Bremsvorrichtung f5. (Gewehr- etc) Schloss n:lock, stock, and barrel figa) mit allem Drum und Dran,b) mit Stumpf und Stiel, voll und ganz, ganz und gar,c) mit Sack und Pack6. Schleuse(nkammer) f7. Luft-, Druckschleuse f8. AUTO etc Br Einschlag m (der Vorderräder):be on full lock voll eingeschlagen sein9. a) Knäuel m/n (von Fahrzeugen)B v/tlock the stable door after the horse has bolted ( oder been stolen) den Brunnen (erst) zudecken, wenn das Kind hineingefallen istlock o.s. up sich einschließen3. umschließen, umfassen, in die Arme schließen:a) festgekeilt,b) eng umschlungen,c) ineinander verkrallt;locked by mountains von Bergen umschlossen4. ineinanderschlingen, die Arme verschränken:5. TECH sperren, sichern, arretieren, festklemmen6. (beim Ringen) (um-)fassen7. ein Schiff (durch)schleusen8. einen Kanal etc mit Schleusen ausstattenC v/i1. schließen3. ineinandergreifen5. AUTO etc Bra) sich einschlagen lassen (Räder)b) sich durch Einschlag der Vorderräder lenken lassen (Fahrzeug)6. (durch)geschleust werden7. lock ontoa) (Radar) ein Ziel etc erfassen und verfolgen,b) FLUG, MIL sich richten auf (akk) (Geschoss)lock2 [lɒk; US lɑk] s* * *I noun(ringlet) Locke, dieII 1. noun1) (of door etc.) Schloss, dasunder lock and key — unter [strengem] Verschluss
2) (on canal etc.) Schleuse, die5)lock, stock, and barrel — (fig.) mit allem Drum und Dran (ugs.)
6) (Motor Veh.) Lenkeinschlag, der2. transitive verb1) (fasten) zuschließen; abschließenlock or shut the stable door after the horse has bolted — (fig.) den Brunnen erst zudecken, wenn das Kind hineingefallen ist
2) (shut)lock somebody/something in something — jemanden/etwas in etwas (Akk.) [ein]schließen
lock somebody/something out of something — jemanden/etwas aus etwas aussperren
3) in p.p. (joined)3. intransitive verb[Tür, Kasten usw.:] sich ab-/zuschließen lassenPhrasal Verbs:- lock in- lock out- lock up* * *(Maritime) n.Flüssigkeitsheber m.Schleuse -n f. n.Schloss -¨er n.Sperre -n f.Verschluss ¨-e m. v.abschließen v.absperren v.arretieren v.verriegeln v.verschließen v.zuschließen v. -
28 balance
balance ['bæləns]équilibre ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b) balance ⇒ 1 (c), 1 (f) contrepoids ⇒ 1 (d) solde, reste ⇒ 1 (e) mettre en équilibre ⇒ 2 (a) faire contrepoids àpeser ⇒ 2 (c) équilibrer, balancer ⇒ 2 (d) solder ⇒ 2 (e) être en équilibre ⇒ 3 (a) s'équilibrer ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (c)1 noun∎ she tried to keep her balance elle a essayé de garder l'équilibre ou son équilibre;∎ I lost my balance j'ai perdu l'équilibre ou mon équilibre;∎ off balance (physically, mentally) déséquilibré;∎ he threw me off balance il m'a fait perdre l'équilibre; figurative il m'a décontenancé;∎ figurative to catch sb off balance prendre qn au dépourvu∎ she tried to strike a balance between the practical and the idealistic elle a essayé de trouver un juste milieu entre la réalité et l'idéal;∎ balance of nature l'équilibre m de la nature;∎ budgetary/economic balance équilibre m budgétaire/économique∎ to hang in the balance être en jeu;∎ our future hangs or lies in the balance notre avenir est en jeu;∎ everything is still (hanging) in the balance rien n'est encore certain;∎ his remark tipped the balance in his favour sa remarque a fait pencher la balance en sa faveur(d) (weight, force) poids m, contrepoids m;∎ the balance of evidence is against him la plupart des preuves lui sont défavorables;∎ she acts as a balance to his impulsiveness elle sert de contrepoids à ou elle contrebalance son impulsivité∎ balance in hand solde m en caisse;∎ balance carried forward solde m à reporter; (on balance sheet) report m à nouveau;∎ balance brought forward solde m reporté; (on balance sheet) report m;∎ balance due solde m débiteur ou dû;∎ I'd like to pay the balance of my account j'aimerais solder mon compte(f) (on hi-fi, amplifier) balance f∎ she balanced the book on her head elle a mis ou posé le livre en équilibre sur sa tête;∎ women balancing pots on their heads des femmes portant des pots sur la tête;∎ Cars to balance the wheels équilibrer les roues(b) (act as counterbalance, offset) faire contrepoids à, contrebalancer;∎ we have to balance the right to privacy against the public's right to know nous devons trouver le juste milieu entre le respect de la vie privée et le droit du public à être informé∎ you have to balance its usefulness against the actual cost vous devez mettre en balance ou comparer son utilité et le coût réel;∎ to balance the advantages against the disadvantages peser le pour et le contre∎ to balance the budget équilibrer le budget;∎ to balance an adverse budget rétablir un budget déficitaire;∎ to balance the books dresser ou établir le bilan, arrêter les comptes;∎ to balance one's chequebook faire ses comptes∎ to balance an account solder un compte(a) (remain in stable position) se maintenir en équilibre; (be in stable position) être en équilibre;∎ to balance on one foot se tenir en équilibre sur un pied;∎ she was balanced precariously on the top of a ladder elle était en équilibre instable en haut de l'échelle∎ the weights balance les poids s'équilibrent∎ I can't get the accounts to balance je n'arrive pas à équilibrer les comptesà tout prendre, tout bien considéré►► balance beam (in gymnastics) poutre f;Finance balance book livre m d'inventaire;Building industry balance bridge pont m basculant;Economics balance of payments balance f des paiements;Economics balance of payments deficit déficit m de la balance des paiements, déficit m extérieur;Politics balance of power (in government) balance f ou équilibre m des pouvoirs; (between states) balance f ou équilibre m des forces;∎ Politics he holds the balance of power il peut faire pencher la balance, tout dépend de lui;Accountancy balance sheet bilan m;∎ off the balance sheet hors de bilan;Accountancy balance sheet auditing contrôle m du bilan;Accountancy balance sheet consolidation consolidation f de bilan;Accountancy balance sheet item poste m de bilan;balance sheet value valeur f bilantielle ou d'inventaire;Economics balance of trade balance f commerciale;Technology balance weight contrepoids m;Technology balance wheel balancier m∎ the advantages and disadvantages balance out les avantages contrebalancent ou compensent les inconvénients;∎ they balance each other out (because of their respective skills) ils se complètent bien;∎ Finance the debits and credits should balance out les débits et les crédits devraient s'équilibrer -
29 door
2) заслонка3) крышка ( мартеновской печи)4) проём; люк5) метал. завалочное окно; загрузочное окно•door hinged lengthwise — ж.-д. крышка люка, шарнирно закреплённая в продольном направлении;doorseals on molded rubber strip — дверь уплотняется резиновой прокладкой;doorswings inward — дверь открывается внутрь;doorswings outward — дверь открывается наружу;to force door open — принудительно открывать дверь;to hang door — навешивать дверь на петли;to pad door — обивать дверь;-
access door
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accordion door
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air door
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armored door
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automatic door
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baggage door
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bar door
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barn door
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batten door
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blank door
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blind door
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body door
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braced door
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brick-lined furnace door
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bulk cargo door
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canopy door
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canvas door
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cargo container door
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cargo door
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casement door
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center-pivoted door
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charging door
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class-A door
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class-B door
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class-C door
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class-D door
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class-E door
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cleanout door
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coke-oven door
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coke-side door
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combination door
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composite door
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corridor swing door
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corrugated-steel door
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counterbalanced vertical sliding door
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counterweighted vertical sliding door
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crapaudine door
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dead door
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dipper door
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double door
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double sliding door
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double vertical sliding door
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double-acting door
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double-margin door
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double-swing door
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drop door
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dump door
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dusting door
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Dutch door
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dwarf door
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elevator side door
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emergency door
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entrance door
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false door
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fire door
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fire-rated door
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flap door
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flush door
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folding door
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four unit sliding door
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framed door
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framed, ledged, and braced door
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framed-and-braced door
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framed-and-ledged door
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French door
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front door
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garage door
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gib door
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glass door
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glazed door
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half-glass door
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handhole door
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hinge-bound door
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hinged door
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hinged end door
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hollow-core door
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hollow-metal door
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hopper door
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hopper-car longitudinal door
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horizontal sliding door
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hospital door
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inspection door
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Jacketed door
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jib door
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Kalamein fire door
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leaky door
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ledged door
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ledged-and-braced door
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left-hand door
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left-hand reverse door
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loading door
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louvered door
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luted door
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maintenance access door
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manhole door
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metal-clad door
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metal-covered door
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multifolding door
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nozzle door
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overhead door
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paneled door
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panel door
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pneumatic-seal door
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power door
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pressure door
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ramside door
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reverser door
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revolving door
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right-angle door
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right-hand door
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right-hand reverse door
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rolling grille door
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rolling door
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rolling shutter door
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roll-up door
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sanitary door
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sash door
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screen door
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sealed door
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self-closing door
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servicing door
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sheet-steel door
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side loading door
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single sliding door
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single vertical sliding door
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single-acting door
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single-swing door
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skimming door
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sliding door
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solid door
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solid glass door
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solid-core door
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solid-framed door
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soot door
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stable door
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steam-cooled door
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steel-plate door
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storm door
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structural access door
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swinging door
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swing-up garage door
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swing-up door
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tin-clad door
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two-leaf door
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veneered door
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Venetian door
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vent door
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vertical sliding door
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vertical-opening door
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weather door
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wheel well door
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working door -
30 firm
firm [fɜ:m]1. noun2. adjectivea. ( = hard) [fruit, ground, handshake] fermeb. ( = secure) [table, ladder] stable ; [voice] ferme• to keep a firm grip on [object, person] tenir fermementc. ( = strong) [foundation] solide• to be on a firm footing [finances, relationship] être sain• it is my firm belief that... je crois fermement que...• to have a firm grasp of sth [subject, theory] avoir de solides connaissances sur qchd. ( = resolute) fermef. [price, currency] stable[+ muscles] raffermir ; [+ currency] consolider* * *[fɜːm] 1.2.firm of architects — cabinet m d'architecte
1) ( hard) [mattress, fruit, handshake] fermeto give something a firm tap/tug — taper/tirer quelque chose d'un coup sec
2) ( steady) [table, ladder] solide4) ( definite) [offer, intention, refusal] ferme; [date] définitif/-ive; [evidence] concret/-ète5) ( resolute) [person, stand, leadership] ferme ( with somebody avec quelqu'un)6) Finance [dollar, market] ferme3.to stand firm — tenir bon ( against contre)
-
31 balance
I ['bæləns] n- quick balance- electric balance
- spring balance
- assay balance
- pan of balance
- balance of the tongul of a balance II ['bæləns] n1) равновесие, баланс, гармония, уравновешенность, самообладаниеHe was thrown off balance when she ran into him. — Когда она натолкнулась на него, он потерял равновесие. /Когда она натолкнулась на него, он не смог устоять на ногах.
She was off her balance with anger. — Она была вне себя от негодования.
He kept his balance even at the most difficult moments. — Он не потерял самообладания даже в самые трудные минуты.
I lost my balance and fell down the stairs. — Я оступился/потерял равновесие и упал с лестницы.
An unexpected blow threw him off his balance. — Неожиданный удар сбил его с ног.
I think that on balance he is a useful man. — Учитывая все обстоятельства, я считаю его полезным человеком.
Alcohol causes lack of balance. — Под действием алкоголя человек теряет равновесие.
Even a trifle may turn the balance. — Даже мелочь/случайность может изменить положение.
After her illness her balance of mind was disturbed. — Болезнь подействовала на ее психику.
- stable balance- doubtful balance
- uncertain balance
- heat balance
- favourable balance
- unfavourable balance
- strategic balance
- balance of good and evil
- balance of probability
- balance of mind
- balance of colours
- on balance
- balance of nature
- balance of power
- man of unusual balance
- want of balance
- be a balance to smth, to smb
- maintain the balance of power
- keep one's balance
- lose one's balance
- be off one's balance
- be in the balance
- be in perfect balance
- hold the balance
- make out the balance
- strike the balance
- win a race with a nice balance in hand
- be off balance2) остатокHe spent the balance of his life in travel. — Последние годы своей жизни он посвятил путешествиям.
May I take the balance of my holiday before the end of September? — Разрешите мне взять остаток моего отпуска до конца сентября?
He gave the balance of his dinner to the dog. — Он отдал собаке остаток своего обеда.
- balance of his life- balances with foreign banks
- pay the balance3) баланс, остаток вклада, сальдо, сметаSee:My bank balance isn't very large any more. — У меня на счете в банке осталось очень немного.
- rough balance- trial balance
- sterling balances
- annual balance sheet
- one's bank balance
- balance sheet
- balance sheet profit
- cash balance in hand
- balance of goods and services
- balance of orders
- size of the balance in the account
- bring accounts to balance
- make up a balance sheet
- make up the balance
- overcome an adverse balance
- keep large cash balances in accounts at the bank
- settle a balance
- freeze bank balances
- bring accounts to a balance4) контрольIII ['bæləns] v1) балансировать, сохранять равновесие, быть в равновесии, уравновешивать (что-либо; что-либо чем-либо)The boy was balancing on the chair. — Мальчик качался/раскачивался на стуле.
One thing balances another. — Одно компенсирует другое.
I hope that the figures for income and costs balance out. — Я надеюсь, что данные по поступлениям и расходам придут в соответствие друг с другом.
Balanced herself half over the balcony-rail. — Она наполовину перевесилась через перила балкона.
- balance oneself- balance on a rope
- be mentally balanced
- balance disadvantage by smth
- balance out2) подводить итоги, подсчитывать баланс, подводить баланс- balance one's accounts- balance the accounts
- balance the budget
- accounts don't balance
- turn the balance -
32 balance
1. n весыquick balance — безмен, пружинные весы
elevator balance — элеваторные весы; компенсатор руля высоты
2. n чаша весовto tip the balance — склонять чашу весов, давать перевес
3. n равновесие; состояние равновесияoff balance — неустойчивый, шаткий
kept balance — сохранил равновесие; сохраненный равновесие
4. n душевное равновесие; спокойствие; уравновешенность5. n пропорциональность; гармоническое сочетание6. n решающий фактор; решающее влияние или значениеto old the balance — осуществлять контроль, распоряжаться
7. n противовес, компенсатор; гиря8. n маятник, балансир, баланс9. n фин. баланс; сальдо; остатокtrade balance, balance of trade — торговый баланс
sterling balances — стерлинговые счета, стерлинговые авуары
balances with foreign banks — остатки на счетах в заграничных банках, иностранные авуары
balance in hand — денежная наличность, наличность кассы
10. n разг. остаток11. n астр. Весы12. n спорт. брусья13. n спорт. стойкаto weigh in the balance — взвешивать, обсуждать, оценивать
14. v балансировать, сохранять равновесие, быть в равновесии15. v приводить в равновесие; уравновешивать, уравнивать16. v удовлетворять потребность17. v бухг. подсчитывать, подытоживать; сводить, заключать, закрывать; погашать; подбивать балансbalance arm — спица; балансир
18. v бухг. сводиться, балансироватьсяbalance accounts — сводить счета; уравнять счет
draw up the balance — подводить баланс; сводить баланс
19. v бухг. взвешивать, определять вес20. v бухг. взвешивать, обдумывать; сопоставлять21. v бухг. медлить, колебаться22. v бухг. противопоставлять, нейтрализовать, компенсировать23. v бухг. спец. добавлять недостающее количество24. v бухг. делать балансеСинонимический ряд:1. equilibrium (noun) counterpoise; equality; equilibrium; equipoise; equiponderation; equivalence; self-control; stasis2. harmony (noun) harmony; proportion; symmetry3. measure (noun) measure; scale4. poise (noun) aplomb; composure; coolness; equanimity; poise; self-possession5. remainder (noun) excess; heel; leavings; leftovers; remainder; remains; remanet; remnant; residual; residue; residuum; rest; surplus6. scales (noun) beam; scales; steelyard7. stability (noun) stability; steadiness8. compare (verb) adjust; assay; collate; compare; compute; consider; estimate; evaluate; ponder; prove; reconcile; weigh9. compensate (verb) allow for; atone for; compensate; counteract; counterpoise; countervail; make up; make up for; neutralise; neutralize; offset; outweigh; readjust; redeem; set off10. equalise (verb) counterbalance; equalise; equalize; even; level; perch; poise; set; square; stabilise; stabilize; steadyАнтонимический ряд:asymmetry; disproportion; instability; subvert; tilt; upset -
33 steady
A adj1 ( gradual) [increase, accumulation, decline] progressif/-ive ;2 (even, continual) [pace, progress, stream] régulier/-ière, constant ; [rain] incessant ; [breathing, drip, thud] régulier/-ière ; a steady stream of cars/callers un flot constant de voitures/visiteurs ; to drive at a steady 80 kmh rouler à une vitesse régulière de 80 kmh ; progress has been steady les progrès ont été réguliers ;3 (firm, unwavering) [hand] ferme ; fig [trust, faith] immuable ; is the ladder/the chair steady? est-ce que l'échelle/la chaise est stable? ; to keep ou hold sth steady tenir fermement qch ; he isn't very steady on his feet ( from age) il n'est plus très ferme sur ses jambes ; ( from drunkenness) il titube ; to hold steady Fin [share prices, interest rates] se maintenir ; to hold steady at 270 euros Fin se maintenir à 270 euros ;5 ( reliable) [job, income] fixe ; [boyfriend, relationship] régulier/-ière ; [company, worker] fiable.C vtr1 ( keep still) tenir [ladder, camera] ; she tried to steady her hand elle a essayé d'empêcher sa main de trembler ;2 ( control) to steady one's nerves se calmer les nerfs ; to steady one's voice maîtriser le tremblement de sa voix.D vi1 [hand] cesser de trembler ; [boat] cesser de bouger ; [voice, nerves] se calmer ;2 [prices, interest rates] se stabiliser. -
34 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
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35 relay
1) реле5) ретрансляция; переприём || ретранслировать•relay with latching — реле с механической самоблокировкой, реле с механической фиксацией воздействия
- ac relay- acoustic relay
- active-power relay
- add-and-subtract relay
- alarm relay
- Allström relay
- all-to-all relay
- annunciation relay
- antenna relay
- antiplugging relay
- armature relay
- auxiliary relay
- balanced relay
- baseband relay
- biased relay
- bistable relay
- blocking relay
- break-in relay
- calling relay
- capacitance relay
- center-stable polar relay
- clapper relay
- clearing relay
- close-differential relay
- closing relay
- coaxial relay
- code relay
- command relay
- compelled relay
- conductance relay
- connector relay
- contact relay
- contactless relay
- continuous duty relay
- control relay
- correed relay
- current relay
- dc relay
- definite-purpose relay
- delay relay
- diaphragm relay
- differential relay
- digital radio relay
- direct-action relay
- directional relay
- directional-current relay
- directional-overcurrent relay
- directional-polarity relay
- directional-power relay
- directional-resistance relay
- directional-voltage relay
- directivity relay
- distance relay
- dry-reed relay
- earth-fault relay
- electrical relay
- electrical-mechanical relay
- electromagnetic relay
- electromechanical relay
- electronic relay
- electronic-tube relay
- electrostatic relay
- electrostrictive relay
- enclosed relay
- extraterrestrial relay
- fast-operate relay
- fast-packet frame-relay
- fast-release relay
- fault selective relay
- ferrodynamicrelay
- field application relay
- field loss relay
- flat-type relay
- flow relay
- frequency relay
- frequency-selective relay
- frequency-sensitive relay
- gas-filled relay
- gas-filled reed relay
- general-purpose relay
- ground relay
- ground protective relay
- group-selector relay
- guard relay
- heavy-duty relay
- hermetically sealed relay
- high G-relay
- high-speed relay
- homing relay
- hot-wire relay
- impedance relay
- indicating relay
- indirect-action relay
- inertia relay
- initiating relay
- instantaneous overcurrent relay
- instrument-type relay
- integrating relay
- interlock relay
- intersatellite relay
- key relay
- Kipp relay
- lag relay
- latch-in relay
- latching relay
- LED-coupled solid-state relay
- light relay
- light-activated switching relay
- line relay
- line-break relay
- locking relay
- lockout relay
- lock-up relay
- logic relay
- magnetic reed relay
- magnetostrictive relay
- manual-automatic relay
- marginal relay
- mechanical locking relay
- memory relay
- mercury relay
- mercury-contact relay
- mercury-wetted reed relay
- metering relay
- meter-type relay
- mho relay
- microwave relay
- microwave-radio relay
- motor-field failure relay
- multiposition relay
- NC relay
- net-to-net relay
- network relay
- network master relay
- network phasing relay
- neutral relay
- NO relay
- nonpolarized relay
- normally-closed relay
- normally-open relay
- notching relay
- open relay
- open-phase relay
- oscillating relay
- overcurrent relay
- overfrequency relay
- overload relay
- overpower relay
- overvoltage relay
- percentage-differential relay
- phase-balance relay
- phase-reversal relay
- phase-rotation relay
- phase-sequence relay
- phase-shift relay
- photoelectric relay
- plunger relay
- polar relay
- polarized relay
- polyphase relay
- power relay
- pressure relay
- protective relay
- pulse reed relay
- radar relay
- radio relay
- ratchet relay
- rate-of-change relay
- rate-of-change temperature relay
- rate-of-rise relay
- ratio-balance relay
- ratio-differential relay
- reactance relay
- reactive-power relay
- reclosing relay
- reed relay
- register relay
- regulating relay
- remanent relay
- reset relay
- residual relay
- resistance relay
- resonant-reed relay
- reverse relay
- reverse-current relay
- ringing relay
- rotary stepping relay
- satellite relay
- selector relay
- self-latching relay
- semiconductor relay
- sensitive relay
- separating relay
- sequence relay
- sequential relay
- side-stable relay
- signal-actuated relay
- single-phase relay
- slave relay
- slow-acting relay
- slow-action relay
- slow-cutting relay
- slow-operate relay
- slow-release relay
- solenoid relay
- solid-state relay
- space relay
- speed-sensitive relay
- spring-actuated stepping relay
- SR relay
- stepping relay
- storage relay
- supersensitive relay
- surge relay
- synchronizing relay
- tape relay
- temperature relay
- test relay
- thermal relay
- thermostat relay
- three-position relay
- three-step relay
- time relay
- time-delay relay
- timing relay
- transformer-coupled solid-state relay
- transhorizon radio relay
- trip-free relay
- tripping relay
- trunk relay
- tuned relay
- two-position relay
- two-step relay
- undercurrent relay
- underfrequency relay
- underpower relay
- undervoltage relay
- vacuum reed relay
- valve relay
- vibrating relay
- voltage relay
- zero phase-sequence relay -
36 box
I [bɒks]box of matches, of chocolates — scatola di fiammiferi, di cioccolatini
2) (on page) casella f.3) (seating area) teatr. palco m.; sport tribuna f.4) (in stable) box m.5) colloq. (television)6) sport (in soccer) area f. (di rigore)7) (in gymnastics) cavallo m.8) (in mailing) (anche Box) casella f. postale9) aut. (for gears) scatola f.II [bɒks]verbo transitivo (pack) inscatolare- box inIII [bɒks]IV 1. [bɒks]a box on the ear — uno schiaffo, un ceffone
2) (strike)2.to box sb.'s ears — schiaffeggiare o prendere a schiaffi qcn
verbo intransitivo sport tirare di boxe, boxareV [bɒks]nome bot. bosso m.* * *I 1. [boks] noun1) (a case for holding something: a wooden box; a matchbox.)2) (in a theatre etc, a group of seats separated from the rest of the audience.)2. verb(to put (something) into boxes: Will you box these apples?)- box number
- box office II 1. [boks] verb(to fight (someone) with the fists: Years ago, fighters used to box without wearing padded gloves.)2. noun(a blow on the ear with the hand.)- boxer- boxing
- boxing-glove
- boxing-match* * *I [bɒks]box of matches, of chocolates — scatola di fiammiferi, di cioccolatini
2) (on page) casella f.3) (seating area) teatr. palco m.; sport tribuna f.4) (in stable) box m.5) colloq. (television)6) sport (in soccer) area f. (di rigore)7) (in gymnastics) cavallo m.8) (in mailing) (anche Box) casella f. postale9) aut. (for gears) scatola f.II [bɒks]verbo transitivo (pack) inscatolare- box inIII [bɒks]IV 1. [bɒks]a box on the ear — uno schiaffo, un ceffone
2) (strike)2.to box sb.'s ears — schiaffeggiare o prendere a schiaffi qcn
verbo intransitivo sport tirare di boxe, boxareV [bɒks]nome bot. bosso m. -
37 relay
1) реле5) ретрансляция; переприём || ретранслировать•relay with latching — реле с механической самоблокировкой, реле с механической фиксацией воздействия
- ac relay- acoustic relay
- active-power relay
- add-and-subtract relay
- alarm relay
- Allström relay
- all-to-all relay
- annunciation relay
- antenna relay
- antiplugging relay
- armature relay
- auxiliary relay
- balanced relay
- baseband relay
- biased relay
- bistable relay
- blocking relay
- break-in relay
- calling relay
- capacitance relay
- center-stable polar relay
- clapper relay
- clearing relay
- close-differential relay
- closing relay
- coaxial relay
- code relay
- command relay
- compelled relay
- conductance relay
- connector relay
- contact relay
- contactless relay
- continuous duty relay
- control relay
- correed relay
- current relay
- dc relay
- definite-purpose relay
- delay relay
- diaphragm relay
- differential relay
- digital radio relay
- direct-action relay
- directional relay
- directional-current relay
- directional-overcurrent relay
- directional-polarity relay
- directional-power relay
- directional-resistance relay
- directional-voltage relay
- directivity relay
- distance relay
- dry-reed relay
- earth-fault relay
- electrical relay
- electrical-mechanical relay
- electromagnetic relay
- electromechanical relay
- electronic relay
- electronic-tube relay
- electrostatic relay
- electrostrictive relay
- enclosed relay
- extraterrestrial relay
- fast-operate relay
- fast-packet frame-relay
- fast-release relay
- fault selective relay
- ferrodynamic relay
- field application relay
- field loss relay
- flat-type relay
- flow relay
- frequency relay
- frequency-selective relay
- frequency-sensitive relay
- gas-filled reed relay
- gas-filled relay
- general-purpose relay
- ground protective relay
- ground relay
- group-selector relay
- guard relay
- heavy-duty relay
- hermetically sealed relay
- high G relay
- high-speed relay
- homing relay
- hot-wire relay
- impedance relay
- indicating relay
- indirect-action relay
- inertia relay
- initiating relay
- instantaneous overcurrent relay
- instrument-type relay
- integrating relay
- interlock relay
- intersatellite relay
- key relay
- Kipp relay
- lag relay
- latch-in relay
- latching relay
- LED-coupled solid-state relay
- light relay
- light-activated switching relay
- line relay
- line-break relay
- locking relay
- lockout relay
- lock-up relay
- logic relay
- magnetic reed relay
- magnetostrictive relay
- manual-automatic relay
- marginal relay
- mechanical locking relay
- memory relay
- mercury relay
- mercury-contact relay
- mercury-wetted reed relay
- metering relay
- meter-type relay
- mho relay
- microwave relay
- microwave-radio relay
- motor-field failure relay
- multiposition relay
- NC relay
- net-to-net relay
- network master relay
- network phasing relay
- network relay
- neutral relay
- NO relay
- nonpolarized relay
- normally-closed relay
- normally-open relay
- notching relay
- open relay
- open-phase relay
- oscillating relay
- overcurrent relay
- overfrequency relay
- overload relay
- overpower relay
- overvoltage relay
- percentage-differential relay
- phase-balance relay
- phase-reversal relay
- phase-rotation relay
- phase-sequence relay
- phase-shift relay
- photoelectric relay
- plunger relay
- polar relay
- polarized relay
- polyphase relay
- power relay
- pressure relay
- protective relay
- pulse reed relay
- radar relay
- radio relay
- ratchet relay
- rate-of-change relay
- rate-of-change temperature relay
- rate-of-rise relay
- ratio-balance relay
- ratio-differential relay
- reactance relay
- reactive-power relay
- reclosing relay
- reed relay
- register relay
- regulating relay
- remanent relay
- reset relay
- residual relay
- resistance relay
- resonant-reed relay
- reverse relay
- reverse-current relay
- ringing relay
- rotary stepping relay
- satellite relay
- selector relay
- self-latching relay
- semiconductor relay
- sensitive relay
- separating relay
- sequence relay
- sequential relay
- side-stable relay
- signal-actuated relay
- single-phase relay
- slave relay
- slow-acting relay
- slow-action relay
- slow-cutting relay
- slow-operate relay
- slow-release relay
- solenoid relay
- solid-state relay
- space relay
- speed-sensitive relay
- spring-actuated stepping relay
- SR relay
- stepping relay
- storage relay
- supersensitive relay
- surge relay
- synchronizing relay
- tape relay
- temperature relay
- test relay
- thermal relay
- thermostat relay
- three-position relay
- three-step relay
- time relay
- time-delay relay
- timing relay
- transformer-coupled solid-state relay
- transhorizon radio relay
- trip-free relay
- tripping relay
- trunk relay
- tuned relay
- two-position relay
- two-step relay
- undercurrent relay
- underfrequency relay
- underpower relay
- undervoltage relay
- vacuum reed relay
- valve relay
- vibrating relay
- voltage relay
- zero phase-sequence relayThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > relay
-
38 balance
1. [ʹbæləns] n1. 1) весыquick /Roman/ balance - безмен, пружинные весы
2) чаша весовto tip the balance - склонять чашу весов, давать перевес
2. 1) равновесие; состояние равновесияstable balance - устойчивое равновесие (тж. спорт.)
off balance - неустойчивый, шаткий
to maintain a strict balance of forces - строго поддерживать равновесие сил
to keep /to hold, to preserve/ one's balance - удерживать /сохранять/ равновесие [ср. тж. 3]
to make out the balance - уравновешивать, приводить в состояние равновесия
2) душевное равновесие; спокойствие; уравновешенностьto be off one's balance - потерять равновесие /душевный покой/
to lose one's balance - выйти из себя, потерять равновесие
she was thrown off her balance with anger - она была вне себя от негодования
he kept his balance even at the most trying moments - он не терял самообладания даже в самые трудные минуты
3) пропорциональность; гармоническое сочетание4) спец. балансheat [energy, neutron] balance - физ. тепловой [энергетический, нейтронный] баланс
3. решающий фактор; решающее влияние или значениеto old the balance - осуществлять контроль, распоряжаться [ср. тж. 2, 1)]
the balance of advantage lies with him - на его стороне значительные преимущества
4. 1) противовес, компенсатор; гиря2) баланс ( шест канатоходца)5. маятник, балансир, баланс ( в часовом механизме)6. 1) фин. баланс; сальдо; остатокtrade balance, balance of trade - торговый баланс
favourable [unfavourable] balance - активный [пассивный] баланс
sterling balances - стерлинговые счета, стерлинговые авуары
balances with foreign banks - остатки на счетах в заграничных банках, иностранные авуары
balance in hand - денежная наличность, наличность кассы
on balance - после подведения баланса [ср. тж. ♢ ]
to strike the balance - а) подводить баланс; б) подводить итоги
2) разг. остатокhe spent the balance of his life in travel - остаток жизни он провёл в странствиях
he gave the balance of his dinner to the dog - он бросил остатки обеда собаке
7. (Balance) астр. Весы ( созвездие и знак зодиака)8. спорт.1) брусья2) стойка♢
upon /on/ (a) balance - а) по зрелом размышлении, хорошо взвесив обстоятельства; с учётом всего вышесказанного; б) в конечном счёте, в итоге; [ср. тж. 6, 1)]to swing /to be, to tremble/ in the balance - а) висеть на волоске, быть в критическом положении; б) колебаться, сомневаться
to weigh in the balance - взвешивать, обсуждать, оценивать (доводы, достоинства и т. п.)
2. [ʹbæləns] va moth will turn the balance - мелочь /случайность/ может изменить всё
1. 1) балансировать, сохранять равновесие, быть в равновесииdo these scales balance? - чаши весов уравновешены?
2) refl балансироватьthe little boy was balancing himself on the edge of a chair - мальчик качался /балансировал/ на краю стула
2. 1) приводить в равновесие; уравновешивать, уравниватьto balance foreign trade - эк. сбалансировать внешнюю торговлю
2) удовлетворять потребность ( в товаре)3. бухг.1) подсчитывать, подытоживать; сводить, заключать, закрывать (счета, книги); погашать; подбивать балансto balance an account - уравнять /погасить/ счёт
to balance the books - закрыть /забалансировать/ (бухгалтерские) книги
to compute and balance one's gain and loss - подводить итог приходу и расходу
2) сводиться, балансироваться4. взвешивать, определять вес ( приблизительно)5. взвешивать, обдумывать; сопоставлятьshe balanced her answer to the sum with his - она сравнила свой и его ответы на задачу
6. медлить, колебатьсяa disposition to balance and temporize - склонность к медлительности и колебаниям
7. (by, with, against)1) противопоставлять, нейтрализовать, компенсироватьbalance disadvantage by /with/ smth. - восполнять ущерб чем-л.; нейтрализовать вред
the advantages more than balance the disadvantages - достоинства вполне покрывают недостатки
her lack of politeness was balanced by her readiness to help - недостаток вежливости сглаживался у неё готовностью помочь
2) спец. добавлять недостающее количество8. делать балансе ( в танце) -
39 mode
2) мода, вид [форма, тип\] колебаний; вид [тип\] волн5) вчт. состояние6) швейн. мода•-
ablative pit-forming mode
-
abnormal mode
-
acceleration mode
-
access mode
-
accumulation mode
-
acoustic mode
-
acquisition mode
-
active mode
-
adaptive control mode
-
addressing mode
-
air-liquefaction mode
-
alternate mode
-
anticipation mode
-
approach mode
-
assemble mode
-
astable vibration mode
-
astable mode
-
automatic mode
-
automatic opening mode
-
automatic skinning mode
-
autopilot heading mode
-
autoposition mode
-
avalanche mode
-
axial mode
-
background mode
-
backward mode
-
backward propagating mode
-
backward scattering mode
-
backward scatter mode
-
backward traveling mode
-
bare resonator mode
-
basic mode
-
batch mode
-
birefringent mode
-
block mode
-
block-multiplex mode
-
bound modes
-
broadcast mode
-
buckling mode
-
burst mode
-
calibration mode
-
capture mode
-
cavity flipping mode
-
cavity mode
-
central mode
-
character generation mode
-
character mode
-
characteristic mode
-
charge-coupling mode
-
circularly polarized mode
-
cladding mode
-
clockwise polarized mode
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coherently locked modes
-
cold mode
-
collective modes
-
command mode
-
common failure mode
-
common mode
-
compatibility mode
-
competing modes
-
compute mode
-
confined mode
-
constant cutting speed mode
-
constant speed mode
-
contention mode
-
continuous mode
-
continuous path mode
-
continuous-wave mode
-
contour modes
-
contradirectional modes
-
control mode
-
conversational mode
-
cooling mode
-
co-orbital mode
-
coplanar mode
-
core-guided mode
-
core mode
-
counterclockwise polarized mode
-
counterrotating circularly polarized modes
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counting mode
-
coupled modes
-
cross polarized modes
-
cubic mode
-
current mode
-
current saving mode
-
cutoff mode
-
cutting mode
-
damped mode
-
data-processing mode
-
Debye-like mode
-
Debye mode
-
deceleration mode
-
deflected mode
-
degenerated mode
-
degenerate mode
-
depletion mode
-
design mode
-
dialog mode
-
difference mode
-
differential mode
-
diffraction-limited mode
-
diffusive mode
-
discrete mode
-
dispersion modes
-
display mode
-
distributed-feedback mode
-
DNC mode
-
dominant mode
-
double-pass mode
-
drift mode
-
dual-processing mode
-
duplex mode
-
dynamic mode
-
dynamic-scattering mode
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E mode
-
edge mode
-
edit mode
-
eigen mode
-
electromagnetic mode
-
elementary mode
-
Emn mode
-
emulation mode
-
energy dissipating mode
-
enhancement mode
-
equal-loss modes
-
equally spaced modes
-
erase mode
-
evanescent mode
-
even mode
-
excited mode
-
exciting mode
-
executive mode
-
extensional mode
-
extraordinary mode
-
Fabry-Perot mode
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face shear modes
-
fast mode
-
faulted mode
-
fiber mode
-
filamentary mode
-
first mode
-
flexural mode
-
forced mode
-
force mode
-
foreground mode
-
foreground-background mode
-
forward mode
-
forward propagating mode
-
forward scattering mode
-
forward scatter mode
-
forward shear mode
-
forward traveling mode
-
fracture mode
-
free-running mode
-
free-space mode
-
frequency-division multiplex mode
-
frequency-shift-keying mode
-
full program mode
-
full-duplex mode
-
fundamental mode
-
gated mode
-
gate mode
-
Gaussian mode
-
generator mode
-
go-ahead mode
-
graphics mode
-
graphic mode
-
guidance mode
-
guided-wave mode
-
guided mode
-
half-duplex mode
-
heating mode
-
height-lock mode
-
higher-order mode
-
high-frequency mode
-
high-loss mode
-
high-pass mode
-
high-resolution mode
-
Hmn mode
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horizontally polarized mode
-
idler mode
-
independent mode
-
index mode
-
injected mode
-
injection-locked mode
-
in-phase modes
-
in-plane mode
-
insert mode
-
integer mode
-
interacting modes
-
interactive mode
-
internally trapped mode
-
interpretive mode
-
interrupt mode
-
inverter mode
-
isolated mode
-
jog mode
-
kernel mode
-
keyboard mode
-
laser mode
-
lasing mode
-
lattice mode
-
launched mode
-
leaking mode
-
leaky mode
-
left-hand polarized mode
-
left polarized mode
-
length extentional mode
-
length flexural mode
-
length modes
-
length-width flexural mode
-
light mode
-
linearly polarized mode
-
load mode
-
local mode
-
locate mode
-
lock mode
-
long coherence length mode
-
long wavelength mode
-
longitudinal mode
-
loopback mode
-
low-frequency mode
-
low-pass mode
-
low-resolution mode
-
lugdown mode
-
macro-by-macro mode
-
magnetron mode
-
main mode
-
malfunction mode
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manual mode
-
manual skinning mode
-
mapping mode
-
maser mode
-
master mode
-
matched mode
-
measurement mode
-
message mode
-
mirror image mode
-
mixed mode
-
mode of behavior
-
mode of deformation
-
mode of excitation
-
mode of failure
-
mode of functioning
-
mode of propagation
-
mode of test
-
mode of transport
-
mode-locked mode
-
mode-match mode
-
monopulse mode
-
move mode
-
multiple-frame mode
-
multiplexed mode
-
multiplex mode
-
multitask mode
-
native mode
-
natural mode
-
nonaxial mode
-
noncounting mode
-
nondegenerate mode
-
nondegenerative mode
-
nonoscillating mode
-
nonpropagating mode
-
nonradiative mode
-
nonresonant mode
-
nonspiking mode
-
nontransparent mode
-
normal mode
-
odd mode
-
off mode
-
off-axis mode
-
off-design mode
-
off-line mode
-
off-normal mode
-
on-line mode
-
on-link mode
-
opening fracture mode
-
opening mode
-
operating mode
-
optical mode
-
ordinary mode
-
original mode
-
orthogonally polarized modes
-
oscillating mode
-
oscillation mode
-
oscillatory mode
-
out-of-plane mode
-
overtype mode
-
parallel mode
-
parametric mode
-
parasitic mode
-
partially suppressed mode
-
path following mode
-
path modifying mode
-
penetration mode
-
periodic mode
-
perturbed mode
-
photographing mode
-
photon-counting mode
-
pipelined mode
-
plane mode
-
plane polarized mode
-
plasma mode
-
plasma-guide mode
-
playback mode
-
point-to-point path mode
-
polarization mode
-
polarization-bistable mode
-
polarized mode
-
posttrigger mode
-
power-down mode
-
p-polarized mode
-
pretrigger mode
-
principal mode
-
priviledged mode
-
propagating mode
-
propagation mode
-
pulse counting mode
-
pulsed mode
-
pump mode
-
push-pull mode
-
Q-spoiled mode
-
Q-switched mode
-
quadrupole mode
-
quantum noise limited mode
-
radial mode
-
radially polarized mode
-
radiating mode
-
radiation mode
-
rail mode
-
ranging mode
-
ready mode
-
real-time mode
-
receive mode
-
record mode
-
rectifier mode
-
reflected mode
-
reflection mode
-
reflective mode
-
refracted mode
-
refrigeration mode
-
repetitive Q-switched mode
-
request mode
-
resonant mode
-
resonator mode
-
retropropulsion mode
-
return beam mode
-
reverse bias mode
-
reversible recording mode
-
right-hand polarized mode
-
right polarized mode
-
run mode
-
sample-and-hold mode
-
satellite mode
-
saturation mode
-
scanning mode
-
scan mode
-
scope mode
-
screen mode
-
search mode
-
selected mode
-
selector mode
-
self-ammoniation mode
-
self-heating mode
-
self-locked mode
-
self-Q-switched mode
-
self-refresh mode
-
self-reporting mode
-
self-trapping mode
-
serial mode
-
series mode
-
setup mode
-
severe wear mode
-
shear mode of crack initiation
-
shear mode
-
side mode
-
signal mode
-
simplex mode
-
simulation mode
-
single block mode
-
single mode
-
single Q-switched mode
-
single-channel mode
-
single-character mode
-
single-pulse mode
-
single-step mode
-
slave mode
-
slightly coupled modes
-
spatial mode
-
spectral mode
-
spiking mode
-
split-screen mode
-
s-polarized mode
-
spurious mode
-
spurious pulse mode
-
square mode
-
stable mode
-
standby mode
-
standing-wave mode
-
start-stop mode
-
static mode
-
stationary mode
-
steady state mode
-
stiffened mode
-
still-frame mode
-
storage mode
-
store-and-forward mode
-
stretching mode
-
stripped cladding modes
-
strong mode
-
strongly excited mode
-
substrate mode
-
superradiant mode
-
supervisor mode
-
switching mode
-
symmetric modes
-
synchronously pumped mode
-
tape auto mode
-
teaching mode
-
tearing mode
-
thickness-extensional modes
-
time compression mode
-
time mode
-
time-difference mode
-
time-shared mode
-
torsional modes
-
track-and-hold mode
-
tracking mode
-
transcribe mode
-
transfer mode
-
transformed mode
-
transient mode
-
transit mode
-
transit-time mode
-
transmission mode
-
transparent mode
-
transverse mode
-
TRAPATT mode
-
trapped mode
-
trapped plasma avalanche transit time mode
-
traveling-wave mode
-
triggering mode
-
trimming mode
-
truncated mode
-
tuning mode
-
tunneling mode
-
twist mode
-
two-level mode
-
unattended mode
-
uncoupled modes
-
undamped mode
-
unmanned mode
-
unperturbed mode
-
unstable mode
-
unstiffened mode
-
vertically polarized mode
-
vibration mode
-
vibration-free mode
-
virtual mode
-
voting mode
-
waiting mode
-
walk-off mode
-
warped mode
-
wave mode
-
wavefront watched modes
-
waveguide mode
-
wavy slip mode
-
wear mode
-
whispering modes
-
whistler mode
-
width modes
-
write mode
-
zero-order mode -
40 running
1) работа; функционирование2) эксплуатация4) перегонка5) перекачка; налив ( нефтепродуктов)6) фракция, погон8) паровое дутьё ( газогенератора)9) рейс; пробег10) выполнение, прогон ( программы)•-
anchor line running
-
asynchronous running
-
backward running
-
balanced running
-
continuous running
-
double-direct running
-
dry running
-
easy running
-
empty running
-
first running
-
forward running
-
free running
-
high-speed running
-
idle running
-
irregular running
-
last running
-
left-hand running
-
no-load running
-
rich running
-
right-hand running
-
roof running
-
running of film in reverse
-
running of gum
-
scheduled running
-
ship running
-
shunt running
-
side running
-
single-direction running
-
single-track running
-
slow running
-
smooth running
-
stable running
-
stitches running
-
synchronous running
-
train running
-
unmanned running
-
unstable running
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