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1 ἅλμη
A sea-water, brine, Od.5.53, Pi.P.2.80, etc.; spray that has dried on the skin, Od.6.219; salt incrustation on soil, Hdt.2.12, Thphr.CP6.10.4.3 salt-water, brine used for pickling, Hdt.2.77, Ar.V. 1515, Fr. 416;ἡ Θασία ἅ. Cratin.6
;ἐν ἅλμῃ ἕψειν [τὸν ἰχθύν] Antiph.222
, cf.Eub.44;καταπνίγειν Sotad.Com.1.21
, etc.: prov., πρὶν τοὺς ἰχθῦς ἑλεῖν σὺ τὴν ἅλμην κυκᾷς 'first catch your hare, then cook it', Phot. s.v. πρίν.II saltness, esp. as a bad quality in soil, X.Oec.20.12, cf. Thphr.CP6.10.4.2 salt soil, PLond.2.267.95, al. (i/ii A. D.). -
2 μαλακός
A soft:I of things subject to touch,εὐνή Il.9
. 618;κώεα Od.3.38
;τάπης μαλακοῦ ἐρίοιο 4.124
;χιτών Il.2.42
, PSI 4.364.5 (iii B.C.);πέπλοι Il.24.796
; νειὸς μ. fresh-ploughed fallow, 18.541; λειμῶνες μ. soft grassy meadows, Od.5.72, cf. Il.14.349;πόας ἄνθος Sapph.54
;τάπητες.. -ώτεροι ὕπνω Theoc.15.125
; of the skin or flesh,μ. παρειαί S.Ant. 783
(lyr.); (anap.);σώματα X.Mem.3.10.1
; πρόβατα μ. soft-fleeced, D.47.52; τόποι πεδινοὶ καὶ μ., opp. hard, rugged ground, Arist.HA 607a10; οἱ κρημνοὶ οἱ μ. ib. 615b31;μ. πέτρα SIG970.8
(iii B.C.), PPetr.2p.6 (iii B.C.); μ. τέφρα a slow fire, Ph.Bel.89.36; soμ. πῦρ Androm.
ap. Gal.13.26;μ. ἀνθρακιά Dsc.2.76
; ὕδωρ μ., of marsh water, A.Fr.192.8 (anap.), Pl.Ti. 59d (cf. μαλθακός); of soil, X.Oec.19.8, Pl.Criti. 111b. Adv., μαλακῶς ἐνεύδειν, εὑδέμεναι, to sleep softly, i.e. on soft bedding, Od. 3.350, 24.255;μαλακώτατα καθεύδειν X.Mem.2.1.24
; καθίζου μ. sit softly, i.e. on a cushion, Ar.Eq. 785;ὑποστορεῖτε μ. τῷ κυνί Eub.90
, cf. 108; but ὡς μ. ἐσθίεις what dainty food you have! Thphr.Char.2.10.2 μαλακά (sc. σκεύη), τά, household utensils, Men.Per.Fr.3, Diph.19.II of things not subject to touch, gentle,θάνατος Od. 18.202
;ὕπνος Il.10.2
;κῶμα 14.359
; μ. ἔπεα soft, fair words, 1.582, 6.337;λόγοι Od.1.56
;ἐπαοιδαί Pi.P.3.51
;παρηγορίαι A.Ag.95
(anap.);αὖραι X.Oec.20.18
; μ. βλέμμα tender, youthful looks, Ar. Pl. 1022;μαλακὰ φρονέων ἐσλοῖς Pi.N.4.95
; μ. οἶνος mild, Arist.Pr. 873b34; μ. [φωνή] soft, Id.Aud. 803a8 ([comp] Comp.); of scent, faint, delicate, Thphr.HP6.7.4; of climate, mild, ib.6.8.1. Adv.μαλακῶς, αὐλεῖν Arist.Aud. 803a20
;ἐὰν τὰ σκληρὰ μ. λέγηται Id.Rh. 1408b9
.III of persons or modes of life, soft, mild, gentle, μαλακώτερος ἀμφαφάασθαι easier to handle, of a fallen hero, Il.22.373;ἐκ τῶν μ. χώρων μ. ἄνδρας γίνεσθαι Hdt.9.122
; -;ἀρνίου -ώτερος Philippid.29
; -ώτερον τὸ ἦθος τὸ τῶν θηλειῶν Arist.HA 608a25
;ἀρρένων καὶ μ. ἠθῶν καὶ πράξεων Phld.Mus.p.92
K.2 in bad sense, soft,μ. ἐν τῇ ξυναγωγῇ τοῦ πολέμου Th.2.18
;μ. ἦν περὶ τοῦ μισθοῦ Id.8.29
;πρὸς τὸ πονεῖν X.Mem.1.2.2
. Adv. -κῶς, ξυμμαχεῖν Th.6.78
; - ωτέρως ἀνθήπτετο attacked him somewhat feebly, Id.8.50;μ. φιλεῖν X.Mem.3.11.10
.b faint-hearted, cowardly, Th.6.13, X. HG4.5.16 ([comp] Comp.), etc.c morally weak, lacking in self-control, Hdt.7.153 ([comp] Comp.);ἀντίκειται τῷ μ. ὁ καρτερικός Arist.EN 1150a33
: c. inf., ;τὸ τρυφῶν καὶ μ. Ar.V. 1455
(lyr.); μ. οὐδὲν ἐνδιδόναι not to give in from weakness or want of spirit, Hdt.3.51, 105, Ar.Pl. 488; τὰ μ. indulgences, Epich.288, cf. X.Cyr.7.2.28.d = παθητικός, PHib.1.54.11 (iii B.C.), 1 Ep.Cor.6.9, Vett.Val.113.22, D.L.7.173.e of music, soft, effeminate,μ. ἁρμονίαι Pl.R. 398e
, 411a, cf. Arist.Pol. 1290a28; tuned to a low pitch, opp.σύντονος, χρῶμα μ. Cleonid.Harm.7
, etc.f of style, feeble,τὸ -ώτερον καὶ ταπεινότερον Phld.Rh.1.197
S.g of reasoning, weak, loose,λόγος Isoc.12.4
([comp] Comp.), cf. 5.149 ([comp] Comp.);λόγος λίαν μ. Arist.Metaph. 1090b8
. Adv. -κῶς, συλλογίζεσθαι to reason loosely, Id.Rh. 1396b1 ([comp] Comp.);ἀποδεικνύειν -ώτερον Id.Metaph. 1025b13
.3 weakly, sickly, - κῶς ἔχειν to be ill, Hermipp.58, Ps.-Hdt. Vit.Hom.34, Luc.DDeor.9.1; -κῶς διάκειται PCair.Zen.263.3
(iii B.C.).IV Adv. - κῶς, v. supr. I, II, III.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μαλακός
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3 πρόχυσις
II π. τῆς γῆς deposition of mud by water, alluvial soil, Id.2.5; π. ἐξ Αἰθιοπίης κατενηνειγμένην ὑπὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ ib.12, cf. A.R.2.964;Ἀσσυρίης π. χθονός D.P.772
;π. ἰλυόεσσα Opp.H.1.116
.2 of sweat, ἡ δι' ὅλου τοῦ σώματος ἐν ἱδρῶτι π. Ph.1.29.III metaph., pouring forth,τῶν παθῶν Longin.9.13
, cf. Dam.Pr.84.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πρόχυσις
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4 τεράμων
A becoming soft by boiling, of pulse, Thphr.HP8.8.6, CP4.12.1 sq., cf. Plu.2.701d: [comp] Comp.- ονέστερος Thphr.CP5.6.12
: also of soil fit for such plants, ib.4.12.3; of water, Phot.------------------------------------A = κάλαμος, Anacr. ap. Hilgard Excerpta ex libris Herodiani (Leipzig 1887) p.21, Pl.Sph. ibid.: v. Hermes 35.544. (Said to be declined as - ντ- stem by Anacr. l.c. (this stem mentioned also by Arc. 13), but - ων -ωνος by Pl. l.c.: not found in our text of Pl.Sph., but τεράμωσι (or perh. τεράμουσι ) is to be restored in 221a for καλάμοις.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τεράμων
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5 ὠμός
I prop. of flesh, raw, uncooked, Il.22.347, al.; opp. ὀπταλέος, Od.12.396; ὠμὸν καταφαγεῖν τινα or ὠμοῦ ἐσθίειν τινός to eat one raw, prov. of savage cruelty, X.An.4.8.14, HG3.3.6; soὠμὸν βεβρώθοις Πρίαμον Il.4.35
, cf. Od.18.87, etc.2 of eggs, Thphr. Vert.2; of vegetables,μύκητας ὠμοὺς.. φαγεῖν Antiph.188
;κριθαί Luc.Asin.17
; cf. ὠμήλυσις.3 of water, crude, opp. ἄπεφθος, Alex.198; also of milk, Arist.Mete. 380b8.4 of fruit, uncooked by the sun, unripe, opp. πέπων, Ar.Eq. 260 (troch.), cf. X.Oec.19.19 ([comp] Comp.), Arist.Mete. 380b7.5 of pitch, opp. ἑφθή, Gp.6.5.5, cf. Plb.5.89.6; of pottery, unbaked,χύτραι Dsc.1.68
, Gp.10.21.1;κέραμος ὠμός Arist.Mete. 380b8
, cf. GA 743a9: even of soil which needs to be exposed to the sun,ὡς ἡ ὠμὴ αὐτῆς ὀπτῷτο X.Oec.16.15
.6 of food, undigested, Anon.Lond.25.7, al., Plu.2.131c, 133d; of a person, suffering from indigestion, Philostr.Gym.54; also οὖρα, ὑποχωρήσεις, κατάρροι, Arist.Mete. 380b5.II metaph., savage, fierce, cruel, [δεσπόται] ὠμοί τε δούλοις A.Ag. 1045
;ὠ. φρόνημα Id.Th. 536
;ὠμῇ ξὺν ὀργῇ Id.Supp. 187
; ;τὰ.. Ἀγαμέμνονος κλύεις ὠμὰ καὶ πάντολμ' E.IA 913
(troch.);ὠμὸς ἔς τινα Id.Hipp. 1264
; and so in Prose,ὠμὸν τὸ βούλευμα.. ἐγνῶσθαι Th. 3.36
; οὕτως ὠμὴ <ἡ> στάσις προὐχώρησε ib.82;θηρευταὶ ὠμοὶ καὶ ἄνομοι Pl.Lg. 823e
; ὠμὴ ψυχή ib. 718d;χαλεπὸς καὶ ὠ. X.An.2.6.12
;τὸν οὕτως ὠμόν, τὸν οὕτως ἀγνώμονα D.21.97
; ὠμοὶ χρόνοι hard times, IG3.1372 (metr.). Adv.,ὠμῶς καὶ ἀπαραιτήτως Th.3
.[84], cf. X. Vect.5.6;ὠ. καὶ σχετλίως ἔχειν Isoc.19.31
;ὠ. καὶ πικρῶς D.29.2
;ὠ. ἀποκτείνειν Lys.13.63
codd. ὁμοίως Lipsius): [comp] Sup.,ὠμότατα διακεῖσθαι πρός τινα Isoc.9.49
.2 harsh, rough, cruel, ; ; πῶς ἂν ὠμότερος συκοφάντης γενοιτ'; a more coarse, more unmitigated sycophant, D.18.212. Adv. ὠμῶς rudely, coarsely, παρελθεῖν ὠ. καὶ ἀναιδῶς ib. 285.3 (from 1.4) ὠμὸν γῆρας an unripe, premature old age, Od. 15.357, Hes.Op. 705 (but ὠμότατον καὶ ἀγριώτατον γῆρας in signf. 11.1, Plu.Mar.2), cf. ὠμογέρων : ὠμὸς τόκος an untimely birth, Philostr. VS2.1.8. (Cf. Skt. āmás 'raw, uncooked'.) -
6 βάθος
βάθος, ους, τό (s. βαθύς; Aeschyl., Hdt.+) gener., distance beneath someth.① the space or distance beneath a surface, depth (w. ὕψος Is 7:11; Herm. Wr. 11, 20b) Dg 7:2; (w. other dimensions; s. Aristot., Phys. 4, 1, 209a, 5; Dio Chrys. 76 [26], 6; Plut., Mor. 937f; SIG 973, 6ff μῆκος, πλάτος, β. [of a ditch]; Philo, Decal. 25; Jos., Ant. 1, 77) Eph 3:18 (cp. the magic formula γενέσθω φῶς πλάτος βάθος μῆκος ὕψος αὐγή PGM 4, 970f and 978f; 12, 157; s. Straub 56). Of soil Mt 13:5; Mk 4:5 (Jos., Ant. 8, 63 τῆς γῆς β.; Theophr., HP 6, 5, 4 χώρας βάθος; BGU 1122, 16 of plants ἔχον τὸ καθῆκον β.). Of the depths of the sea B 10:10 (cp. schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 1, 461; 4, 865f; Ps 68:3; Am 9:3; Mi 7:19 al. LXX). Of deep water Lk 5:4. Of eyes sunken because of swelling Papias (3:2). ὕψωμα οὔτε βάθος Ro 8:39, since they are said to be creatures and the context speaks apparently only of transcendent forces, are prob. astral spirits; they are both astronomical t.t., and β. means the celestial space below the horizon fr. which the stars arise (PGM 4, 575 ἀστὴρ ἐκ τ. βάθους ἀναλάμπων).② someth. nonphysical perceived to be so remote that it is difficult to assess, depth fig. (Aeschyl. et al.) ἡ κατὰ βάθους πτωχεία αὐτῶν their poverty reaching down into the depths (Strabo 9, 3, 5 ἄντρον κοῖλον κατὰ βάθους)= extreme poverty 2 Cor 8:2; β. πλούτου (Soph., Aj. 130; cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 271 τὸ τῆς τριχὸς βάθος; Pr 18:3; Aelian, VH 3, 18 πλοῦτος βαθύς; Norden, Agn. Th. 243, 3) depth (i.e. inexhaustibility) of the wealth Ro 11:33; τὰ β. τῆς θείας γνώσεως depths of divine knowledge 1 Cl 40:1 (Philo, Poster. Cai. 130 β. τῆς ἐπιστήμης); τὰ β. τοῦ θεοῦ the depths of God 1 Cor 2:10 (TestJob 37:6 τοῦ κυρίου); τὰ βάθη τοῦ σατανᾶ Rv 2:24 v.l. (cp. Jdth 8:14 βάθος καρδίας ἀνθρώπου; τὰ βάθη τῆς καρδίας καὶ τοῦ νοῦ Just., D. 121, 2; Eunap., Vi. Soph. 23, 3, 8 p. 113 β. τῆς ψυχῆς; w. κακῶν Aeschyl., Pers. 465).—DELG s.v. βαθύς. M-M. TW. Spicq. -
7 γῆ
γῆ, γῆς, ἡ (Hom.+)① surface of the earth as the habitation of humanity, earth (as heavenly body: Tat. 27, 2 τῷ λέγοντι … τὴν σελήνην γῆν ‘one who says … the moon is an earth’)ⓐ in contrast to heaven (Heracl. Sto. 34, p. 50, 4 ἀπὸ γῆς εἰς οὐρ.; Ael. Aristid. 24, 44 K.=44 p. 838 D.: ἐκ θεῶν ἥκειν ἐπὶ γῆν; Maximus Tyr. 16, 6d ἐκ γῆς ἐπʼ οὐρανόν; Ar. 3, 1 τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς) Mt 5:18, 35; 6:10, 19; 16:19; Lk 2:14; 21:25; Col 1:16; Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26); 11:13; 2 Pt 3:5, 7, 10; AcPl Ha 1, 7; AcPlCor 2:9, 19. τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς earthly things (TestJob 48:1 τὰ τῆς γῆς φρονεῖν; Ocellus Luc. 36 γῆ κ. πάντα τὰ ἐπὶ γῆς; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 6, 5; Lucian, Vit. Auct. 18) Col 3:2, 5 (Maximus Tyr. 25, 6b: in contrast to the ἄνω the γῆ is the seat of all earthly weakness and inferiority). αἷμα δίκαιον ἐξ̣[έχεας ἐπὶ] τ̣ῆς γῆς on earth AcPl Ha 11, 8; s. also b below. Established on the waters Hv 1, 3, 4. Vanishing w. heaven at the end of time 2 Cl 16:3 and replaced by a new earth 2 Pt 3:13; Rv 21:1 (Is 65:17; 66:22).ⓑ as the inhabited planet (Ar. 12, 1 τῶν ἐθνῶν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς; Just., A I, 54, 9 τὴν πᾶσαν γῆν; Appian, Mithrid. 57 §234 γῆς ἄρξειν ἁπάσης) Lk 21:35; Ac 10:12; 11:6; 17:26 et al. ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς to the remotest parts of the earth 1:8 (PsSol 1:4) difft. OSchwartz, JBL 105, ’86, 669–76 (limited to Palestine). Hence② the inhabitants of the earth, people, humanity, associative sense Mt 5:13; 10:34; Lk 12:49, 51; cp. Rv 13:3. ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς on earth=among people Lk 18:8; J 17:4; Ro 9:28; Eph 6:3 (Ex 20:12; Dt 5:16; En 102:5; PsSol 17:2); Js 5:5; Hs 5, 6, 6; s. also 1b. ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς from the earth=from the midst of humanity Ac 8:33 (Is 53:8; cp. PsSol 2:17; 4:22; 17:7); 22:22; Rv 14:3.③ portions or regions of the earth, region, country Ac 7:3f (Gen 12:1); vs. 6 (Gen 15:13). In a territorial sense (X., An. 1, 3, 4) Israel Mt 2:20f; Gennesaret 14:34; Midian Ac 7:29; Judah Mt 2:6 (where ENestle in his critical apparatus [s. e.g. N25] listed the conjecture of JDrusius van den Driessche [†1616], γῆς, accepted by PSchmiedel, as indicated in Zürcher Bibel ’31, appendix to NT, p. 5); Zebulon and Naphtali 4:15 (Is 9:1); Judea J 3:22; AcPl Ha 8, 14; Canaan Ac 13:19; AcPl Ha 8, 14; Egypt Ac 7:36, 40; 13:17; Hb 8:9 (Jer 38:32); of the Chaldaeans Ac 7:4; native land vs. 3. The inhabitants included Mt 10:15; 11:24. ἡ γῆ abs.=Palestine Mt 27:45; Mk 15:33; Lk 4:25. On κληρονομεῖν τ. γῆν Mt 5:5; D 3:7 s. κληρονομέω 2.④ dry land as opposed to sea, land (X., An. 1, 1, 7; Dio Chrys. 63 [80], 12; Sb 5103, 6 ἐν γῇ κʼ ἐν θαλάσσῃ; BGU 27, 5; PsSol 2:26, 29; Jos., Ant. 4, 125; 11, 53) Mk 4:1; 6:47; Lk 5:3, 11; J 6:21; 21:8f, 11; Ac 27:39, 43f.⑤ earth-like surface that forms the bottom of a body of water, ground, bottom of the sea B 10:5.⑥ earth w. ref. to limited areas and the material that forms its surfaceⓐ of earth-surface: ground Mt 10:29 (πίπτειν ἐπὶ τ. γῆν as Jos., Ant. 7, 381); 15:35; 25:18, 25 (Artem. 2, 59 οὐ γὰρ ἄνευ τοῦ τὴν γῆν ἀνασκαφῆναι θησαυρὸς εὑρίσκεται); Mk 8:6; 9:20; 14:35; Lk 22:44; 24:5; J 8:6, 8 (writing on it as Ael. Aristid. 50, 21 K.=26 p. 508 D.); Ac 9:4, 8; GPt 6:21a. οἰκοδομεῖν οἰκίαν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν χωρὶς θεμελίου build a house on the ground without any foundation Lk 6:49. The earth opens in the service of a divinity in order to swallow something (Quint. Smyrn. 13, 548f, a person; cp. En 99:2 ἐν τῇ γῇ καταποθήσονται; ParJer 3:19) Rv 12:16.ⓑ of ground for agricultural use soil, earth, receiving seed (Just., A I, 55, 3 γῆ … ἀροῦται) Mt 13:5, 8, 23; Mk 4:5, 8, 20, 26, 28, 31; J 12:24; AcPlCor 2:26; watered by rain Hb 6:7; yielding fruit (Jos., Ant. 18, 22) Js 5:7: 1 Cl 20:4. καταργεῖν τ. γῆν waste, use up the ground Lk 13:7.—Dalman, Arbeit II.—B. 17. Schmidt, Syn. III 55–69. DELG. TW. Sv. -
8 ῥύπος
ῥύπος, ου, ὁ (Hom. et al.; LXX) prim. ‘a filthy substance, dirt’① dirt as refuse differentiated from soil, dirt (Hom. et al.) σαρκὸς ἀπόθεσις ῥύπου removing of dirt from the body 1 Pt 3:21 (on the gen. s. W-S. §30, 12f; on the topic cp. FSokolowski, Lois sacrées des cités grecques, Suppl. ’62, no. 108, 4–7).② fig. ext. of 1 (M. Ant. 7, 47 ὁ ῥύπος τοῦ χαμαὶ βίου; Is 4:4), in an ethical sense uncleanness καθαρὸς ἀπὸ ῥύπου 1 Cl 17:4 (Job 14:4; the Job pass. also in Philo, Mut. Nom. 48). W. ἀμαρτίαι B 11:11.③ a dark viscous juice, juice (for ῥ. in the sense of an effluent, e.g. ear-wax, s. Aristot., Fgm. 289 p. 226, 1 Rose; Artem. 1, 24; PGM 36, 332) ῥ. ὑσσώπου dark juice of the hyssop perh. in the sense ‘foul juice of the hyssop’ B 8:6 (but JKleist, transl. ’48, p. 175 note 97, refers it to the mixture of water and heifer’s ashes sprinkled by means of hyssop).—DELG. M-M. Spicq.
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