serere

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bellum (ante-class. and poet. duel-lum), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.

Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:

bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,

Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):

legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

quae domi duellique male fecisti,

id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:

quique agent rem duelli,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:

aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,

id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):

puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,

Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,

quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,

id. 22, 10, 2:

victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,

id. 23, 11, 2:

si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,

id. 36, 2, 2;

and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,

id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:

hic... Pacem duello miscuit,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:

cadum Marsi memorem duelli,

id. ib. 3, 14, 18:

vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,

id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]

Form bellum.

War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).

Specifying the enemy.

By adjj. denoting the nation:

omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:

Britannicum bellum,

id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

Gallicum,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

Germanicum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

Sabinum,

Liv. 1, 26, 4:

Parthicum,

Vell. 2, 46, 2;

similarly: bellum piraticum,

the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:

Sertorianum bellum,

Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

Mithridaticum,

id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

Jugurthinum,

Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;

similarly: bellum regium,

the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:

bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

Asiaticum,

id. ib. 22, 64:

Africum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:

Actiacum,

Vell. 2, 86, 3:

Hispaniense,

id. 2, 55, 2.—

With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

Venetorum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 16:

Helvetiorum,

id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;

1, 30: Ambiorigis,

id. ib. 6, 29, 4:

Pyrrhi, Philippi,

Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:

Samnitium,

Liv. 7, 29, 2.—

With cum and abl. of the name.

Attributively:

cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

belli causa cum Samnitibus,

Liv. 7, 29, 3:

hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,

id. 33, 35, 12:

novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,

id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—

With cum dependent on the verb:

quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:

novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,

Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—

With adversus and acc. of the name.

Attributively:

bellum adversus Philippum,

Liv. 31, 1, 8:

bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,

id. 8, 29, 6.—

With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:

ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,

id. 45, 11, 8:

bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,

Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—

With contra and acc.:

cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,

Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

causam belli contra patriam inferendi,

id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—

With in and acc. (very rare):

Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,

Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—

With inter and acc.:

hic finis belli inter Romanos ac Persea fuit,

Liv. 45, 9, 2.—

With apud and acc.:

secutum est bellum gestum apud Mutinam,

Nep. Att. 9, 1.—

With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—

With verbs.

Referring to the beginning of the war.

Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:

summa erat observatio in bello movendo,

Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:

bellum commotum a Scapula,

id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:

nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,

Sall. C. 30, 2:

is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,

Liv. 1, 53, 2:

insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,

id. 4, 58, 6:

dii pium movere bellum,

id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,

concitare,

Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—

Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:

cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,

Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:

bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,

Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,

parare alicui,

Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:

bellum terra et mari comparat,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:

tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,

id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:

bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,

Liv. 4, 55, 7:

numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—

Bellum differre, to postpone a war:

nec jam poterat bellum differri,

Liv. 2, 30, 7:

mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,

id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—

Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):

omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,

Sall. J. 83, 1:

prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,

id. ib. 20, 5:

de integro bellum sumit,

id. ib. 62, 9:

iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,

Liv. 38, 19, 3:

sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,

Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—

Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:

bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,

Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:

suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 11, 35:

judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,

join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):

cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,

undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:

senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,

id. 6, 9, 5:

bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,

Vell. 2, 3, 3.—

Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):

consensit et senatus bellum,

Liv. 8, 6, 8:

bellum erat consensum,

id. 1, 32, 12.—

Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:

sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,

Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,

id. ib.:

cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?

id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:

Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,

Liv. 5, 26, 3:

Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,

id. 6, 22, 6:

Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,

id. 7, 23, 2:

quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:

cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,

id. ib. 16, 49:

hunc toti bello praefecerunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:

alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

bellum administrandum permittere,

id. ib. 21, 61.—

Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:

ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,

Liv. 1, 32, 13:

Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?

Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,

id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:

bellum indici posse existimabat,

Liv. 1, 22, 4:

ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,

id. 1, 22, 6:

ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,

id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—

Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:

Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,

Cic. Pis. 34, 84:

ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:

bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

bellum patriae faciet,

id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:

civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,

Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;

3, 29: constituit bellum facere,

Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:

occupant bellum facere,

they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:

ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,

id. 1, 32, 13:

populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,

id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:

urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,

Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—

Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:

subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

aliud multo propius bellum ortum,

Liv. 1, 14, 4:

Veiens bellum exortum,

id. 2, 53, 1.—

bellum

(ante-class. and poet.

duel-lum

), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.

Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:

bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,

Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):

legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

quae domi duellique male fecisti,

id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:

quique agent rem duelli,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:

aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,

id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):

puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,

Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,

quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,

id. 22, 10, 2:

victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,

id. 23, 11, 2:

si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,

id. 36, 2, 2;

and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,

id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:

hic... Pacem duello miscuit,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:

cadum Marsi memorem duelli,

id. ib. 3, 14, 18:

vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,

id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]

Form bellum.

War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).

Specifying the enemy.

By adjj. denoting the nation:

omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:

Britannicum bellum,

id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

Gallicum,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

Germanicum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

Sabinum,

Liv. 1, 26, 4:

Parthicum,

Vell. 2, 46, 2;

similarly: bellum piraticum,

the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:

Sertorianum bellum,

Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

Mithridaticum,

id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

Jugurthinum,

Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;

similarly: bellum regium,

the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:

bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

Asiaticum,

id. ib. 22, 64:

Africum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:

Actiacum,

Vell. 2, 86, 3:

Hispaniense,

id. 2, 55, 2.—

With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

Venetorum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 16:

Helvetiorum,

id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;

1, 30: Ambiorigis,

id. ib. 6, 29, 4:

Pyrrhi, Philippi,

Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:

Samnitium,

Liv. 7, 29, 2.—

With cum and abl. of the name.

Attributively:

cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

belli causa cum Samnitibus,

Liv. 7, 29, 3:

hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,

id. 33, 35, 12:

novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,

id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—

With cum dependent on the verb:

quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:

novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,

Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—

With adversus and acc. of the name.

Attributively:

bellum adversus Philippum,

Liv. 31, 1, 8:

bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,

id. 8, 29, 6.—

With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:

ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,

id. 45, 11, 8:

bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,

Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—

With contra and acc.:

cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,

Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

causam belli contra patriam inferendi,

id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—

With in and acc. (very rare):

Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,

Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—

With inter and acc.:

hic finis belli inter Romanos ac Persea fuit,

Liv. 45, 9, 2.—

With apud and acc.:

secutum est bellum gestum apud Mutinam,

Nep. Att. 9, 1.—

With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—

With verbs.

Referring to the beginning of the war.

Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:

summa erat observatio in bello movendo,

Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:

bellum commotum a Scapula,

id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:

nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,

Sall. C. 30, 2:

is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,

Liv. 1, 53, 2:

insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,

id. 4, 58, 6:

dii pium movere bellum,

id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,

concitare,

Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—

Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:

cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,

Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:

bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,

Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,

parare alicui,

Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:

bellum terra et mari comparat,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:

tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,

id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:

bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,

Liv. 4, 55, 7:

numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—

Bellum differre, to postpone a war:

nec jam poterat bellum differri,

Liv. 2, 30, 7:

mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,

id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—

Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):

omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,

Sall. J. 83, 1:

prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,

id. ib. 20, 5:

de integro bellum sumit,

id. ib. 62, 9:

iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,

Liv. 38, 19, 3:

sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,

Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—

Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:

bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,

Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:

suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 11, 35:

judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,

join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):

cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,

undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:

senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,

id. 6, 9, 5:

bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,

Vell. 2, 3, 3.—

Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):

consensit et senatus bellum,

Liv. 8, 6, 8:

bellum erat consensum,

id. 1, 32, 12.—

Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:

sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,

Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,

id. ib.:

cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?

id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:

Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,

Liv. 5, 26, 3:

Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,

id. 6, 22, 6:

Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,

id. 7, 23, 2:

quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:

cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,

id. ib. 16, 49:

hunc toti bello praefecerunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:

alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

bellum administrandum permittere,

id. ib. 21, 61.—

Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:

ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,

Liv. 1, 32, 13:

Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?

Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,

id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:

bellum indici posse existimabat,

Liv. 1, 22, 4:

ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,

id. 1, 22, 6:

ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,

id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—

Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:

Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,

Cic. Pis. 34, 84:

ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:

bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

bellum patriae faciet,

id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:

civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,

Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;

3, 29: constituit bellum facere,

Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:

occupant bellum facere,

they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:

ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,

id. 1, 32, 13:

populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,

id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:

urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,

Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—

Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:

subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

aliud multo propius bellum ortum,

Liv. 1, 14, 4:

Veiens bellum exortum,

id. 2, 53, 1.—

Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:

bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,

Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,

id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,

id. Div. 1, 46, 103:

erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,

Caes. B. G. 3, 10:

bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,

id. ib. 4, 6:

Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,

Sall. C. 16, 5:

bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,

Liv. 21, 1, 1:

alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,

id. 2, 62, 3:

de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,

id. 23, 25, 5:

Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,

Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):

bellum bellare,

Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);

in the same sense: bellum agere,

Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:

bello persequi aliquem,

Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—

Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:

necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:

bellum trahi non posse,

Sall. J. 23, 2:

belli trahendi causa,

Liv. 5, 11, 8:

morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,

id. 9, 27, 5:

suadere institui ut bellum duceret,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:

bellum enim ducetur,

id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;

similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?

Liv. 5, 5, 1.—

Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:

bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:

quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,

Liv. 8, 37, 5.—

Referring to the end of a war.

Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:

in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,

Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

(bellum) cum deponi victores velint,

Sall. J. 83, 1:

bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,

Liv. 31, 1, 8:

nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,

id. 31, 31, 19:

dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,

Sall. J. 112, 1:

bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,

id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:

velut posito bello,

Liv. 1, 53, 5:

manere bellum quod positum simuletur,

id. 1, 53, 7:

posito ubique bello,

Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:

omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,

Liv. 2, 14, 5.—

Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:

timerent ne bellum componeretur,

Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

si bellum compositum foret,

Sall. J. 97, 2:

belli componendi licentiam,

id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;

similarly: bellum sedare,

Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—

Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:

is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,

Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:

bellumque maximum conficies,

id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:

confecto Mithridatico bello,

id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:

quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,

Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;

4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,

Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:

neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,

Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;

36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,

Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:

se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),

id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:

neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,

Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—

Less usual connections:

bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

alere ac fovere bellum,

Liv. 42, 11, 5:

bellum navare alicui,

Tac. H. 5, 25:

spargere,

id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:

serere,

Liv. 21, 10, 4:

circumferre,

Tac. A. 13, 37:

exercere,

id. ib. 6, 31:

quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:

bellum ascendit in rupes,

id. 4, 12, 4:

bellum serpit in proximos,

id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:

bella narrare,

Cic. Or. 9, 30:

canere bella,

Quint. 10, 1, 91:

bella legere,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—

As object denoting place or time.

Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.

Of the commander:

consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,

Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:

ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:

ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,

Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:

in bellum,

Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—

Of persons partaking in a war:

si proficiscerer ad bellum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —

Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—

In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:

in bella sequi,

id. ib. 8, 547.—

Of time.

In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):

valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,

domi duellique,

id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):

quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,

Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:

paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,

Sall. J. 41, 7:

animus belli ingens, domi modicus,

id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:

bello domique,

id. 1, 34, 12:

domi belloque,

id. 9, 26, 21; and:

neque bello, neque domi,

id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:

simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.

Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,

Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—

In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:

ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:

in ipso bello eadem sensi,

id. Marcell. 5, 14:

in Volsco bello virtus enituit,

Liv. 2, 24, 8:

in eo bello,

id. 23, 46, 6:

in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,

id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:

ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:

qui in bello occiderunt,

Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,

Sall. C. 9, 4:

non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,

Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:

in bello parta,

Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—

Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

bello Italico,

id. Pis. 36, 87:

Veienti bello,

id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

domestico bello,

id. Planc. 29, 70:

qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,

Liv. 23, 12, 11:

victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,

id. 2, 27, 1:

nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,

id. 9, 18, 9:

bello civili,

Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:

praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:

qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,

Cic. Sest. 26, 57:

res pace belloque gestas,

Liv. 2, 1, 1:

egregieque rebus bello gestis,

id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:

ludi bello voti,

id. 4, 35. 3:

princeps pace belloque,

id. 7, 1, 9:

Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,

id. 45, 42, 7:

bello parta,

Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—

Inter bellum (rare):

cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,

Liv. 2, 14, 2:

inter haec bella consules... facti,

id. 2, 63, 1.—

Bellum in attributive connection.

Justum bellum.

A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):

justum piumque bellum,

Liv. 1, 23, 4:

non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,

id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—

A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):

in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,

Liv. 1, 15, 1.—

For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—

Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:

quicunque belli eventus fuisset,

Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:

haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,

Sall. C. 37, 9:

eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,

Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:

exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,

Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,

id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:

Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,

id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,

Liv. 5, 16, 8.—

Fortuna belli, the chances of war:

adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,

Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—

Belli artes, military skill:

cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,

Liv. 1, 35, 1:

haud ignotas belli artes,

id. 21, 1, 2:

temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,

id. 1, 21, 6.—

Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:

in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,

Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:

sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,

Liv. 5, 27, 6:

jure belli res vindicatur,

Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—

Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:

trium simul bellorum victor,

a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:

victor tot bellis,

id. 2, 27, 1). —

Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—

Transf.

Of things concr. and abstr.:

qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,

Cic. Dom. 23, 60:

bellum contra aras et focos,

id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,

id. Or. 2, 37, 155:

ventri Indico bellum,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—

Of animals:

milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,

Ov. M. 6, 92.—

With individuals:

quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:

nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,

Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,

id. Sull. 9, 28:

hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,

Liv. 2, 12, 11:

falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,

id. 3, 25, 3:

tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,

id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:

equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,

Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—

In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—

Personified as god of war ( = Janus):

tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,

Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:

sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,

Verg. A. 7, 607:

mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,

id. ib. 6, 279.—

Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):

permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),

Ov. M. 12, 24:

sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,

Sil. 7, 472:

quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?

Stat. Th. 9, 490.—

Battle, = proelium:

rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,

Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:

quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,

Sall. C. 9, 4:

praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,

Liv. 8, 10, 7:

commisso statim bello,

Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:

Actia bella,

Verg. A. 8, 675:

ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,

id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —

Bellum = liber de bello:

quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!

Cic. Sen. 14, 50.

Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:

bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,

Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,

id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,

id. Div. 1, 46, 103:

erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,

Caes. B. G. 3, 10:

bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,

id. ib. 4, 6:

Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,

Sall. C. 16, 5:

bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,

Liv. 21, 1, 1:

alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,

id. 2, 62, 3:

de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,

id. 23, 25, 5:

Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,

Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):

bellum bellare,

Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);

in the same sense: bellum agere,

Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:

bello persequi aliquem,

Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—

Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:

necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:

bellum trahi non posse,

Sall. J. 23, 2:

belli trahendi causa,

Liv. 5, 11, 8:

morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,

id. 9, 27, 5:

suadere institui ut bellum duceret,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:

bellum enim ducetur,

id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;

similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?

Liv. 5, 5, 1.—

Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:

bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:

quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,

Liv. 8, 37, 5.—

Referring to the end of a war.

Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:

in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,

Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

(bellum) cum deponi victores velint,

Sall. J. 83, 1:

bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,

Liv. 31, 1, 8:

nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,

id. 31, 31, 19:

dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,

Sall. J. 112, 1:

bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,

id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:

velut posito bello,

Liv. 1, 53, 5:

manere bellum quod positum simuletur,

id. 1, 53, 7:

posito ubique bello,

Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:

omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,

Liv. 2, 14, 5.—

Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:

timerent ne bellum componeretur,

Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

si bellum compositum foret,

Sall. J. 97, 2:

belli componendi licentiam,

id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;

similarly: bellum sedare,

Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—

Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:

is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,

Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:

bellumque maximum conficies,

id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:

confecto Mithridatico bello,

id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:

quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,

Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;

4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,

Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:

neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,

Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;

36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,

Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:

se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),

id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:

neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,

Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—

Less usual connections:

bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

alere ac fovere bellum,

Liv. 42, 11, 5:

bellum navare alicui,

Tac. H. 5, 25:

spargere,

id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:

serere,

Liv. 21, 10, 4:

circumferre,

Tac. A. 13, 37:

exercere,

id. ib. 6, 31:

quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:

bellum ascendit in rupes,

id. 4, 12, 4:

bellum serpit in proximos,

id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:

bella narrare,

Cic. Or. 9, 30:

canere bella,

Quint. 10, 1, 91:

bella legere,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—

As object denoting place or time.

Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.

Of the commander:

consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,

Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:

ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:

ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,

Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:

in bellum,

Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—

Of persons partaking in a war:

si proficiscerer ad bellum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —

Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—

In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:

in bella sequi,

id. ib. 8, 547.—

Of time.

In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):

valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,

domi duellique,

id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):

quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,

Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:

paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,

Sall. J. 41, 7:

animus belli ingens, domi modicus,

id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:

bello domique,

id. 1, 34, 12:

domi belloque,

id. 9, 26, 21; and:

neque bello, neque domi,

id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:

simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.

Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,

Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—

In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:

ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:

in ipso bello eadem sensi,

id. Marcell. 5, 14:

in Volsco bello virtus enituit,

Liv. 2, 24, 8:

in eo bello,

id. 23, 46, 6:

in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,

id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:

ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:

qui in bello occiderunt,

Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,

Sall. C. 9, 4:

non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,

Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:

in bello parta,

Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—

Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

bello Italico,

id. Pis. 36, 87:

Veienti bello,

id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

domestico bello,

id. Planc. 29, 70:

qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,

Liv. 23, 12, 11:

victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,

id. 2, 27, 1:

nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,

id. 9, 18, 9:

bello civili,

Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:

praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:

qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,

Cic. Sest. 26, 57:

res pace belloque gestas,

Liv. 2, 1, 1:

egregieque rebus bello gestis,

id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:

ludi bello voti,

id. 4, 35. 3:

princeps pace belloque,

id. 7, 1, 9:

Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,

id. 45, 42, 7:

bello parta,

Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—

Inter bellum (rare):

cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,

Liv. 2, 14, 2:

inter haec bella consules... facti,

id. 2, 63, 1.—

Bellum in attributive connection.

Justum bellum.

A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):

justum piumque bellum,

Liv. 1, 23, 4:

non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,

id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—

A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):

in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,

Liv. 1, 15, 1.—

For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—

Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:

quicunque belli eventus fuisset,

Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:

haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,

Sall. C. 37, 9:

eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,

Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:

exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,

Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,

id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:

Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,

id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,

Liv. 5, 16, 8.—

Fortuna belli, the chances of war:

adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,

Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—

Belli artes, military skill:

cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,

Liv. 1, 35, 1:

haud ignotas belli artes,

id. 21, 1, 2:

temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,

id. 1, 21, 6.—

Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:

in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,

Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:

sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,

Liv. 5, 27, 6:

jure belli res vindicatur,

Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—

Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:

trium simul bellorum victor,

a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:

victor tot bellis,

id. 2, 27, 1). —

Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—

Transf.

Of things concr. and abstr.:

qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,

Cic. Dom. 23, 60:

bellum contra aras et focos,

id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,

id. Or. 2, 37, 155:

ventri Indico bellum,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—

Of animals:

milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,

Ov. M. 6, 92.—

With individuals:

quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:

nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,

Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,

id. Sull. 9, 28:

hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,

Liv. 2, 12, 11:

falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,

id. 3, 25, 3:

tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,

id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:

equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,

Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—

In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—

Personified as god of war ( = Janus):

tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,

Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:

sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,

Verg. A. 7, 607:

mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,

id. ib. 6, 279.—

Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):

permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),

Ov. M. 12, 24:

sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,

Sil. 7, 472:

quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?

Stat. Th. 9, 490.—

Battle, = proelium:

rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,

Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:

quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,

Sall. C. 9, 4:

praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,

Liv. 8, 10, 7:

commisso statim bello,

Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:

Actia bella,

Verg. A. 8, 675:

ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,

id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —

Bellum = liber de bello:

quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!

Cic. Sen. 14, 50.

* * *

* * *

* * *

arbor ( arbŏs, Lucr. 1, 774; 6, 786 Lachm.; Ov. M. 2, 212; id. F. 1, 153 (but Merk. arbor, in both places); Verg. E. 3, 56; id. G. 2, 57; 2, 81; id. A. 3, 27; 6, 206 Rib. al.: acc. arbosem, Paul. ex Fest. p. 15 Müll.), ŏris, f. (m., INTER DVOS ARBORES, Inscr. Lyon, I. 27) [v. arduus].

In gen.: arbores serere, to plant, Caecil. Stat. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 31; Cic. Sen. 17, 59:

poni,

Verg. G. 2, 278:

arbos se sustulit,

id. ib. 2, 57:

arbores putare,

Cato, R. R. 32, 1: arbores frondescere, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69:

arboribus frondes redeunt,

Ov. F. 3, 237:

arbos silvestris,

Verg. E. 3, 70:

ramosa,

Lucr. 5 [1096]:

umbrosa,

Verg. G. 2, 66; so Ov. P. 4, 5, 41:

ingens,

Verg. G. 2, 81:

alta,

Ov. M. 15, 404:

summa,

Verg. G. 4, 557; so Ov. M. 12, 15:

patula,

id. ib. 1, 106:

fertilis,

Verg. G. 4, 142:

in quibus (arboribus) non truncus, non rami, non folia sunt,

Cic. de Or. 3, 46, 178:

sub ramis arboris altae,

Lucr. 2, 30, and Verg. A. 7, 108:

arborum rami,

Vulg. Sap. 17, 17:

arbor nuda sine frondibus,

Ov. M. 13, 690; Vulg. Marc. 11, 8:

arborum cortices,

Vulg. Job, 30, 4:

arbores ab radicibus subruere,

Caes. B. G. 6, 27; Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 130; Vulg. Matt. 3, 10:

quarum (arborum) baca,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 31:

jacent sua quāque sub arbore poma,

Verg. E. 7, 54; Vulg. Lev. 26, 20:

fructus arborum,

Quint. 8, 5, 26; Vulg. Sap. 10, 7.—

Spec. with gen. of species: alni, the alder-tree, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 7:

fici,

the fig-tree, Cic. Fl. 17, 41; Vulg. Matt. 21, 19:

arbores ficorum,

Col. 11, 2, 59: arbor ficus (nom.), Vulg. Jud. 9, 10:

abietis arbores,

fir trees, Liv. 24, 3:

arbor palmae,

the palm-tree, Suet. Aug. 94:

cupressūs,

the cypress, id. Vesp. 5:

arbor sycomorus,

a sycamore, Vulg. Luc. 19, 4; so,

arbor morus,

ib. ib. 17, 6:

arbores olivarum,

olive trees, ib. Exod. 27, 20.— Poet.:

Jovis,

the oak-tree, Ov. M. 1, 106:

Phoebi,

the laurel-tree, id. F. 3, 139 (cf. id. ib. 6, 91:

Apollinea laurus): Palladis,

the olive-tree, id. A. A. 2, 518:

arbor Herculea,

the poplar, Verg. G. 2, 66 (cf.:

Arborum genera numinibus suis dicata perpetuo servantur, ut Jovi aesculus, Apollini laurus, Minervae olea, Veneri myrtus, Herculi populus,

Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 3; Phaedr. 3, 17) al.—

Meton.

Things made of wood (cf.: Mille sunt usus earum (arborum), sine quīs vita degi non possit. Arbore sulcamus, maria terrasque admovemus; arbore exaedificamus tecta;

arborea et simulacra numinum fuere etc.,

Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 5).

With mali:

adversique infigitur arbore mali,

Verg. A. 5, 504.—

Without mali, Luc. 9, 332; Sil. 3, 129; Paul. Sent. 1. 2, t. 3.—

The lever or bar of a press, press-beam, Cato, R. R. 18, 4; 18, 12; Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.—

An oar:

centenāque arbore fluctum Verberat adsurgens,

Verg. A. 10, 207.—

A ship:

Phrixeam petiit Pelias arbor ovem,

the ship Argo, Ov. H. 12, 8.—

The shaft of a javelin, a javelin, Stat. Th. 12, 769.—

Euphemist.: arbor infelix, a gallows, gibbet:

caput obnubito, arbori infelici suspendito,

Cic. Rab. 4 fin.; Liv. 1, 26, 7; cf. Plin. 16, 26, 45, § 108 (Niebuhr, Röm. Gesch. I. § 365, compares the words of the Fries. law: am argen vordern Baum henken; cf. in Engl. to hang on the accursed tree).—

The fabulous polypus, which was fancied to have arms like the branches of a tree:

In Gaditano Oceano arbor in tantum vastis dispansa armis, ut fretum numquam intrāsse credatur,

Plin. 9, 4, 3, § 8.

Arbor infelix, a town and castle in Rhœtia, now Arbon, Tab. Peut.

arbor ( arbŏs, Lucr. 1, 774; 6, 786 Lachm.; Ov. M. 2, 212; id. F. 1, 153 (but Merk. arbor, in both places); Verg. E. 3, 56; id. G. 2, 57; 2, 81; id. A. 3, 27; 6, 206 Rib. al.: acc. arbosem, Paul. ex Fest. p. 15 Müll.), ŏris, f. (m., INTER DVOS ARBORES, Inscr. Lyon, I. 27) [v. arduus].

In gen.: arbores serere, to plant, Caecil. Stat. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 31; Cic. Sen. 17, 59:

poni,

Verg. G. 2, 278:

arbos se sustulit,

id. ib. 2, 57:

arbores putare,

Cato, R. R. 32, 1: arbores frondescere, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69:

arboribus frondes redeunt,

Ov. F. 3, 237:

arbos silvestris,

Verg. E. 3, 70:

ramosa,

Lucr. 5 [1096]:

umbrosa,

Verg. G. 2, 66; so Ov. P. 4, 5, 41:

ingens,

Verg. G. 2, 81:

alta,

Ov. M. 15, 404:

summa,

Verg. G. 4, 557; so Ov. M. 12, 15:

patula,

id. ib. 1, 106:

fertilis,

Verg. G. 4, 142:

in quibus (arboribus) non truncus, non rami, non folia sunt,

Cic. de Or. 3, 46, 178:

sub ramis arboris altae,

Lucr. 2, 30, and Verg. A. 7, 108:

arborum rami,

Vulg. Sap. 17, 17:

arbor nuda sine frondibus,

Ov. M. 13, 690; Vulg. Marc. 11, 8:

arborum cortices,

Vulg. Job, 30, 4:

arbores ab radicibus subruere,

Caes. B. G. 6, 27; Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 130; Vulg. Matt. 3, 10:

quarum (arborum) baca,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 31:

jacent sua quāque sub arbore poma,

Verg. E. 7, 54; Vulg. Lev. 26, 20:

fructus arborum,

Quint. 8, 5, 26; Vulg. Sap. 10, 7.—

Spec. with gen. of species: alni, the alder-tree, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 7:

fici,

the fig-tree, Cic. Fl. 17, 41; Vulg. Matt. 21, 19:

arbores ficorum,

Col. 11, 2, 59: arbor ficus (nom.), Vulg. Jud. 9, 10:

abietis arbores,

fir trees, Liv. 24, 3:

arbor palmae,

the palm-tree, Suet. Aug. 94:

cupressūs,

the cypress, id. Vesp. 5:

arbor sycomorus,

a sycamore, Vulg. Luc. 19, 4; so,

arbor morus,

ib. ib. 17, 6:

arbores olivarum,

olive trees, ib. Exod. 27, 20.— Poet.:

Jovis,

the oak-tree, Ov. M. 1, 106:

Phoebi,

the laurel-tree, id. F. 3, 139 (cf. id. ib. 6, 91:

Apollinea laurus): Palladis,

the olive-tree, id. A. A. 2, 518:

arbor Herculea,

the poplar, Verg. G. 2, 66 (cf.:

Arborum genera numinibus suis dicata perpetuo servantur, ut Jovi aesculus, Apollini laurus, Minervae olea, Veneri myrtus, Herculi populus,

Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 3; Phaedr. 3, 17) al.—

Meton.

Things made of wood (cf.: Mille sunt usus earum (arborum), sine quīs vita degi non possit. Arbore sulcamus, maria terrasque admovemus; arbore exaedificamus tecta;

arborea et simulacra numinum fuere etc.,

Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 5).

With mali:

adversique infigitur arbore mali,

Verg. A. 5, 504.—

Without mali, Luc. 9, 332; Sil. 3, 129; Paul. Sent. 1. 2, t. 3.—

The lever or bar of a press, press-beam, Cato, R. R. 18, 4; 18, 12; Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.—

An oar:

centenāque arbore fluctum Verberat adsurgens,

Verg. A. 10, 207.—

A ship:

Phrixeam petiit Pelias arbor ovem,

the ship Argo, Ov. H. 12, 8.—

The shaft of a javelin, a javelin, Stat. Th. 12, 769.—

Euphemist.: arbor infelix, a gallows, gibbet:

caput obnubito, arbori infelici suspendito,

Cic. Rab. 4 fin.; Liv. 1, 26, 7; cf. Plin. 16, 26, 45, § 108 (Niebuhr, Röm. Gesch. I. § 365, compares the words of the Fries. law: am argen vordern Baum henken; cf. in Engl. to hang on the accursed tree).—

The fabulous polypus, which was fancied to have arms like the branches of a tree:

In Gaditano Oceano arbor in tantum vastis dispansa armis, ut fretum numquam intrāsse credatur,

Plin. 9, 4, 3, § 8.

Arbor infelix, a town and castle in Rhœtia, now Arbon, Tab. Peut.

argūmentum, i, n. [arguo].

A.. The means by which an assertion or assumption may be made clear, proved, an argument, evidence, proof (and in particular, that which rests upon facts, while ratio is that which depends upon reasoning):

argumentum est ratio, quae rei dubiae facit fidem,

Cic. Top. 2, 7: quid est argumentum? Probabile inventum ad faciendam fidem, id. Part. Or. 2:

argumentum est ratio probationem praestans, quā colligitur aliquid per aliud, et quae, quod est dubium, per id quod dubium non est, confirmat,

Quint. 5, 10, 11:

de eā re signa atque argumenta paucis verbis eloquar,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 35; 1, 1, 267; id. Rud. 4, 3, 84; id. Truc. 2, 6, 26 al.:

commemorando Argumenta fidem dictis conradere,

Lucr. 1, 401; so id. 1, 417:

argumenta multa et firma ad probandum,

Cic. Brut. 78, 272:

aliquid exemplis magis quam argumentis refellere,

id. de Or. 1, 19, 88:

argumento esse,

Liv. 5, 44; 39, 51:

litterae ad senatum missae argumentum fuere, etc.,

id. 8, 30:

In argumentum fidei retentum pallium ostendit marito,

Vulg. Gen. 39, 16; ib. Act. 1, 3:

inopia fecerat eam (rem parvam) argumentum ingens caritatis,

Liv. 5, 47:

libertatis argumentum,

Tac. G. 25:

Est fides argumentum non apparentium,

Vulg. Heb. 11, 22:

addit pro argumento,

Suet. Calig. 8:

velut argumentum rursus conditae urbis,

id. ib. 16:

levibus utrimque argumentis,

id. Galb. 7 et saep.—

A sign by which any thing is known, a mark, token, evidence:

animi laeti Argumenta,

signs, indications, Ov. M. 4, 762:

voti potentis,

id. ib. 8, 745: unguentarii myrrham digerunt haud difficulter odoris atque pinguetudinis argumentis, according to the indications of smell, etc., Plin. 12, 15, 35, § 68:

caelum quidem haud dubie caelati argumenti dicimus,

id. 2, 4, 3, § 8:

amoris hoc est argumentum, non malignitatis,

Petr. 137, 8:

argumenta viri, i. e. indicia,

Juv. 9, 85 al. —

The matter which lies at the basis of any written or artistic representation, contents, subject, theme, argument, hupothesis:

Argumentum plura significat. Nam et fabulae ad actum scaenicarum compositae argumenta dicuntur: et orationum Ciceronis velut thema ipse exponens Pedianus, argumentum, inquit, tale est: quo apparet omnem ad scribendum destinatam materiam ita appellari,

Quint. 5, 10, 9 and 10.

Of every kind of representation in writing.

Lit.:

argumentum est ficta res, quae tamen fieri potuit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 19; id. Att. 15, 4, 3:

tabulae novae, quid habent argumenti, nisi ut, etc.,

what is their drift? what do they mean? id. Off. 2, 23, 84:

epistulae,

id. Att. 10, 13; 9, 10; 1, 19.

But esp. freq., the subject-matter of a poem or fictitious writing, the subject, contents:

post argumentum hujus eloquar tragoediae,

Plaut. Am. prol. 51; cf. id. ib. 96; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 81:

argumentum narrare,

Ter. And. prol. 6:

fabulae,

id. Ad. prol. 22:

Livius Andronicus ab saturis ausus est primus argumento fabulam serere,

i. e. a scenic representation of a subject in its connection, Liv. 7, 2:

spectaculum, quo argumenta inferorum explicarentur,

Suet. Calig. 57.—Hence,

Meton. ( part for the whole), a poem in gen.:

explicare argumenti exitum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 53:

hoc argumento se describi sentiat,

Phaedr. 4, 8; so id. 4, 16; 5, 3; cf. Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29 fin.:

sumque argumenti conditor ipse mei,

I am myself the subject of my poem, Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 10.—

Trop., intrinsic worth, reality, truth:

haec tota fabella... quam est sine argumento,

without value, reality, Cic. Cael. 27:

non sine argumento maledicere,

not without some reason, id. ib. 3 fin. —

The subject of artistic representations ( sculpture, painting, embroidery. etc.):

ex ebore diligentissime perfecta argumenta erant in valvis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56:

(cratera) fabricaverat Alcon Hyleus, et longo caelaverat argumento,

Ov. M. 13, 684; cf. id. ib. 2, 5 sq.:

vetus in telā deducitur argumentum,

id. ib. 6, 69; Verg. A. 7, 791:

Parrhasii tabulae,

Suet. Tib. 44.— In philos. lang., a conclusion, a syllogism:

Nam concludi non potest nisi iis, quae ad concludendum sumpta erunt, ita probatis ut falsa ejusdem modi nulla possint esse,

Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 44 al.

artus (not arctus), a, um, adj. [v. arma], prop. fitted; hence,

Lit., close, strait, narrow, confined, short, brief:

exierunt regionibus artis,

Lucr. 6, 120:

claustra,

id. 1, 70; so id. 3, 808:

nec tamen haec ita sunt arta et astricta, ut ea laxare nequeamus,

Cic. Or. 65, 220:

artioribus apud populum Romanum laqueis tenebitur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 5:

nullum vinculum ad astringendam fidem jure jurando majores artius esse voluerunt,

id. Off. 3, 31, 111:

compages,

Verg. A. 1, 293:

nexus,

Ov. M. 6, 242:

arto stipata theatro,

pressed together in a contracted theatre, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 60:

toga,

a narrow toga without folds, id. ib. 1, 18, 30 (cf. exigua toga, id. ib. 1, 19, 13):

nimis arta convivia,

i. e. with too many guests, who are therefore compelled to sit close together, id. ib. 1, 5, 29 et saep.—Hence, subst.: artum, i, n., a narrow place or passage:

ventus cum confercit, franguntur in arto montes nimborum,

Lucr. 6, 158 Lachm.:

multiplicatis in arto ordinibus,

Liv. 2, 50; so id. 34, 15:

nec desilies imitator in artum,

nor, by imitating, leap into a close place, Hor. A. P. 134.—

Trop., strict, severe, scanty, brief, small:

sponte suā cecidit sub leges artaque jura,

subjected himself to the severity of the laws, Lucr. 5, 1147:

Additae leges artae et ideo superbae quasque etc.,

Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 12:

vincula amoris artissima,

Cic. Att. 6, 2: artior somnus, a sounder or deeper sleep, id. Rep. 6, 10:

arti commeatus,

Liv. 2, 34; Tac. H. 4, 26; cf.:

in arto commeatus,

id. ib. 3, 13:

artissimae tenebrae,

very thick darkness, Suet. Ner. 46 (for which, in class. Lat., densus, v. Bremi ad h. l., and cf. densus) al.—So, colligere in artum, to compress, abridge:

quae (volumina) a me collecta in artum,

Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 44.—Of hope, small, scanty:

spes artior aquae manantis,

Col. 1, 5, 2: ne spem sibi ponat in arto, diminish hope, expectation, [p. 169] Ov. M. 9, 683:

quia plus quam unum ex patriciis creari non licebat, artior petitio quattuor petentibus erat,

i. e. was harder, had less ground of hope, Liv. 39, 32; and of circumstances in life, etc., straitened, distressing, wretched, needy, indigent (so in and after the Aug. per. for the class. angustus):

rebus in artis,

Ov. P. 3, 2, 25:

artas res nuntiaret,

Tac. H. 3, 69:

tam artis afflictisque rebus,

Flor. 2, 6, 31; so Sil. 7, 310:

fortuna artior expensis,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 117:

ne in arto res esset,

Liv. 26, 17.— Adv.: artē (not arcte), closely, close, fast, firmly.

Lit.:

arte (manus) conliga,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 29:

boves arte ad stipites religare,

Col. 6, 2, 5:

arte continere aliquid,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23:

aciem arte statuere,

Sall. J. 52, 6:

arte accubare,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 39.— Comp.:

calorem artius continere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 25:

artius astringi,

Hor. Epod. 15, 5:

signa artius conlocare,

Sall. C. 59, 2:

artius ire,

Curt. 4, 13, 34:

artius pressiusque conflictari,

Gell. 10, 6.— Sup.:

milites quam artissime ire jubet,

Sall. J. 68, 4:

artissime plantas serere,

Plin. 12, 3, 7, § 16.—

Trop.:

arte contenteque aliquem habere,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 63; id. Merc. prol. 64:

arte et graviter dormire,

soundly, Cic. Div. 1, 28, 59:

arte appellare aliquem,

briefly, by shortening his name, Ov. P. 4, 12, 10:

artius adstringere rationem,

Cic. Fat. 14, 32:

abstinentiam artissime constringere,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 8.—

Transf.:

arte diligere aliquem,

strongly, deeply, Plin. Ep. 6, 8; so also id. ib. 2, 13.

artus, ūs, m. [id.], mostly plur. (artua, n., Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 102; quoted in Non. p. 191, 12.—Hence, dat. acc. to Vel. Long. p. 2229 P. and Ter. Scaur. p. 2260 P. artibus; yet the ancient grammarians give their decision in favor of artubus, which form is also supported by the best MSS.; cf. arcus.—The singular is found only in Luc. 6, 754; Val. Fl. 4, 310, and Prisc. p. 1219 P.).

A.. Lit., a joint:

molles commissurae et artus (digitorum),

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 150:

suffraginum artus,

Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248:

elapsi in pravum artus,

Tac. H. 4, 81:

dolor artuum,

gout, Cic. Brut. 60, 217.—Sometimes connected with membra, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 102:

copia materiaï Cogitur interdum flecti per membra, per artus,

in every joint and limb, Lucr. 2, 282; 3, 703 al.; Suet. Calig. 28; cf.

Baumg.-Crus., Clavis ad Suet.: cernere laceros artus, truncata membra,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5.—

Trop., the muscular strength in the joints; hence, in gen., strength, power: Epicharmeion illud teneto;

nervos atque artus esse sapientiae, non temere credere,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 10.—More freq.,

The limbs in gen. (very freq., esp. in the poets; in Lucr. about sixty times): cum tremulis anus attulit artubus lumen, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 36 Vahl.); so Lucr. 3, 7; cf. id. 3, 488; 6, 1189:

artubus omnibus contremiscam,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121: dum nati (sc. Absyrti) dissupatos artus captaret parens, vet. poet. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67:

copia concita per artus Omnīs,

Lucr. 2, 267:

moribundi artus,

id. 3, 129 al.:

rogumque parari Vidit et arsuros supremis ignibus artus, etc.,

Ov. M. 2, 620 al.:

salsusque per artus Sudor iit,

Verg. A. 2, 173; 1, 173 al.:

veste strictā et singulos artus exprimente,

and showing each limb, Tac. G. 17:

artus in frusta concident,

Vulg. Lev. 1, 6; 8, 20;

ib. Job, 16, 8.—Of plants: stat per se vitis sine ullo pedamento, artus suos in se colligens,

its tendrils, Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 13, where Jahn reads arcus.

artus (not arctus), a, um, adj. [v. arma], prop. fitted; hence,

Lit., close, strait, narrow, confined, short, brief:

exierunt regionibus artis,

Lucr. 6, 120:

claustra,

id. 1, 70; so id. 3, 808:

nec tamen haec ita sunt arta et astricta, ut ea laxare nequeamus,

Cic. Or. 65, 220:

artioribus apud populum Romanum laqueis tenebitur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 5:

nullum vinculum ad astringendam fidem jure jurando majores artius esse voluerunt,

id. Off. 3, 31, 111:

compages,

Verg. A. 1, 293:

nexus,

Ov. M. 6, 242:

arto stipata theatro,

pressed together in a contracted theatre, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 60:

toga,

a narrow toga without folds, id. ib. 1, 18, 30 (cf. exigua toga, id. ib. 1, 19, 13):

nimis arta convivia,

i. e. with too many guests, who are therefore compelled to sit close together, id. ib. 1, 5, 29 et saep.—Hence, subst.: artum, i, n., a narrow place or passage:

ventus cum confercit, franguntur in arto montes nimborum,

Lucr. 6, 158 Lachm.:

multiplicatis in arto ordinibus,

Liv. 2, 50; so id. 34, 15:

nec desilies imitator in artum,

nor, by imitating, leap into a close place, Hor. A. P. 134.—

Trop., strict, severe, scanty, brief, small:

sponte suā cecidit sub leges artaque jura,

subjected himself to the severity of the laws, Lucr. 5, 1147:

Additae leges artae et ideo superbae quasque etc.,

Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 12:

vincula amoris artissima,

Cic. Att. 6, 2: artior somnus, a sounder or deeper sleep, id. Rep. 6, 10:

arti commeatus,

Liv. 2, 34; Tac. H. 4, 26; cf.:

in arto commeatus,

id. ib. 3, 13:

artissimae tenebrae,

very thick darkness, Suet. Ner. 46 (for which, in class. Lat., densus, v. Bremi ad h. l., and cf. densus) al.—So, colligere in artum, to compress, abridge:

quae (volumina) a me collecta in artum,

Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 44.—Of hope, small, scanty:

spes artior aquae manantis,

Col. 1, 5, 2: ne spem sibi ponat in arto, diminish hope, expectation, [p. 169] Ov. M. 9, 683:

quia plus quam unum ex patriciis creari non licebat, artior petitio quattuor petentibus erat,

i. e. was harder, had less ground of hope, Liv. 39, 32; and of circumstances in life, etc., straitened, distressing, wretched, needy, indigent (so in and after the Aug. per. for the class. angustus):

rebus in artis,

Ov. P. 3, 2, 25:

artas res nuntiaret,

Tac. H. 3, 69:

tam artis afflictisque rebus,

Flor. 2, 6, 31; so Sil. 7, 310:

fortuna artior expensis,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 117:

ne in arto res esset,

Liv. 26, 17.— Adv.: artē (not arcte), closely, close, fast, firmly.

Lit.:

arte (manus) conliga,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 29:

boves arte ad stipites religare,

Col. 6, 2, 5:

arte continere aliquid,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23:

aciem arte statuere,

Sall. J. 52, 6:

arte accubare,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 39.— Comp.:

calorem artius continere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 25:

artius astringi,

Hor. Epod. 15, 5:

signa artius conlocare,

Sall. C. 59, 2:

artius ire,

Curt. 4, 13, 34:

artius pressiusque conflictari,

Gell. 10, 6.— Sup.:

milites quam artissime ire jubet,

Sall. J. 68, 4:

artissime plantas serere,

Plin. 12, 3, 7, § 16.—

Trop.:

arte contenteque aliquem habere,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 63; id. Merc. prol. 64:

arte et graviter dormire,

soundly, Cic. Div. 1, 28, 59:

arte appellare aliquem,

briefly, by shortening his name, Ov. P. 4, 12, 10:

artius adstringere rationem,

Cic. Fat. 14, 32:

abstinentiam artissime constringere,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 8.—

Transf.:

arte diligere aliquem,

strongly, deeply, Plin. Ep. 6, 8; so also id. ib. 2, 13.

artus, ūs, m. [id.], mostly plur. (artua, n., Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 102; quoted in Non. p. 191, 12.—Hence, dat. acc. to Vel. Long. p. 2229 P. and Ter. Scaur. p. 2260 P. artibus; yet the ancient grammarians give their decision in favor of artubus, which form is also supported by the best MSS.; cf. arcus.—The singular is found only in Luc. 6, 754; Val. Fl. 4, 310, and Prisc. p. 1219 P.).

A.. Lit., a joint:

molles commissurae et artus (digitorum),

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 150:

suffraginum artus,

Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248:

elapsi in pravum artus,

Tac. H. 4, 81:

dolor artuum,

gout, Cic. Brut. 60, 217.—Sometimes connected with membra, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 102:

copia materiaï Cogitur interdum flecti per membra, per artus,

in every joint and limb, Lucr. 2, 282; 3, 703 al.; Suet. Calig. 28; cf.

Baumg.-Crus., Clavis ad Suet.: cernere laceros artus, truncata membra,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5.—

Trop., the muscular strength in the joints; hence, in gen., strength, power: Epicharmeion illud teneto;

nervos atque artus esse sapientiae, non temere credere,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 10.—More freq.,

The limbs in gen. (very freq., esp. in the poets; in Lucr. about sixty times): cum tremulis anus attulit artubus lumen, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 36 Vahl.); so Lucr. 3, 7; cf. id. 3, 488; 6, 1189:

artubus omnibus contremiscam,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121: dum nati (sc. Absyrti) dissupatos artus captaret parens, vet. poet. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67:

copia concita per artus Omnīs,

Lucr. 2, 267:

moribundi artus,

id. 3, 129 al.:

rogumque parari Vidit et arsuros supremis ignibus artus, etc.,

Ov. M. 2, 620 al.:

salsusque per artus Sudor iit,

Verg. A. 2, 173; 1, 173 al.:

veste strictā et singulos artus exprimente,

and showing each limb, Tac. G. 17:

artus in frusta concident,

Vulg. Lev. 1, 6; 8, 20;

ib. Job, 16, 8.—Of plants: stat per se vitis sine ullo pedamento, artus suos in se colligens,

its tendrils, Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 13, where Jahn reads arcus.

collŏquĭum ( conl-), ii, n. [id.], a conversation, conference, discourse (class. in prose and poetry;

not in Hor.): colloquium cum conveniunt in unum locum loquendi causā,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 57 Müll.; Titin. ap. Non. p. 256, 16:

eo ad colloquium venerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43:

in colloquium venire,

id. ib. 1, 35:

in Antonii congressum colloquiumque veniendum est,

Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 26:

pervenire ad conloquium alicujus,

id. ib. 9, 1, 2:

denos ut ad colloquium adducerent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43:

de aliquā re in colloquium venire,

Nep. Dat. 11, 1:

convenire in colloquium,

id. Hann. 6, 2:

in colloquio esse,

id. Dat. 11, 3: facere, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 5:

occulta habere cum aliquo,

Liv. 27, 1, 14; so,

secreta serere cum aliquo,

id. 34, 61, 7; cf.:

nocturnis impellere aliquem,

Tac. A. 1, 16; and:

secretis componere, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 40:

crebra inter se,

Caes. B. C. 3, 19:

petere,

Ov. M. 13, 552; Suet. Aug. 27:

clausis foribus videre,

Lucr. 4, 598:

dare,

Prop. 4 (5), 10, 32:

colloquio alterius non egere,

Cic. Off. 3, 1, 1; cf.:

colloquio carere,

id. Att. 12, 15:

adesse colloquiis,

Val. Fl. 3, 293:

rerum leviorum,

Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

fruiturque deorum Colloquio,

Verg. A. 7, 91:

praeceptoris,

Petr. 9 fin.:

colloquia amicorum absentium,

i. e. epistolary correspondence, communication by letter, Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—

Transf. to animals:

alitum colloquia,

Plin. 10, 49, 70, § 137; repeated by Gell. 10, 12, 7.

collŏquĭum ( conl-), ii, n. [id.], a conversation, conference, discourse (class. in prose and poetry;

not in Hor.): colloquium cum conveniunt in unum locum loquendi causā,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 57 Müll.; Titin. ap. Non. p. 256, 16:

eo ad colloquium venerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43:

in colloquium venire,

id. ib. 1, 35:

in Antonii congressum colloquiumque veniendum est,

Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 26:

pervenire ad conloquium alicujus,

id. ib. 9, 1, 2:

denos ut ad colloquium adducerent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43:

de aliquā re in colloquium venire,

Nep. Dat. 11, 1:

convenire in colloquium,

id. Hann. 6, 2:

in colloquio esse,

id. Dat. 11, 3: facere, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 5:

occulta habere cum aliquo,

Liv. 27, 1, 14; so,

secreta serere cum aliquo,

id. 34, 61, 7; cf.:

nocturnis impellere aliquem,

Tac. A. 1, 16; and:

secretis componere, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 40:

crebra inter se,

Caes. B. C. 3, 19:

petere,

Ov. M. 13, 552; Suet. Aug. 27:

clausis foribus videre,

Lucr. 4, 598:

dare,

Prop. 4 (5), 10, 32:

colloquio alterius non egere,

Cic. Off. 3, 1, 1; cf.:

colloquio carere,

id. Att. 12, 15:

adesse colloquiis,

Val. Fl. 3, 293:

rerum leviorum,

Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

fruiturque deorum Colloquio,

Verg. A. 7, 91:

praeceptoris,

Petr. 9 fin.:

colloquia amicorum absentium,

i. e. epistolary correspondence, communication by letter, Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—

Transf. to animals:

alitum colloquia,

Plin. 10, 49, 70, § 137; repeated by Gell. 10, 12, 7.

dē-rĕlinquo, līqui, lictum, 3, v. a.

In the class. lang., to forsake wholly, to abandon, desert (good prose): cf.:

Ti. Gracchum a Q. Tuberone derelictum videbamus,

Cic. Lael. 11, 37:

ut aratores agros latos ac fertiles desererent totasque arationes derelinquerent,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 51, § 120:

serere aliquid in inculto et derelicto solo,

id. Brut. 4, 16: naves ab aestu derelictae, * Caes. B. G. 3, 13 fin.:

castra,

Liv. 39, 50, 5; cf. 37, 8, 5;

10, 17, 5: in arce praesidium dereliquit,

Curt. 9, 4:

perditi atque ab omni non modo fortuna, verum etiam spe derelicti,

Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 25; cf.:

ut me quasi pro derelicta sis habiturus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 14; Cic. Att. 8, 1:

communem causam (with deserere),

Cic. Caecin. 35 fin.:

desertarum derelictarumque rerum patrocinium suscipere,

id. N. D. 1, 5, 11:

Dominum,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 12, 10 et saep.—

To leave behind:

in qua (arce) praesidium dereliquit,

Curt. 9, 4, 8:

filium quem privatum dereliquerat,

Sall. J. 5 fin.; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 12.—

In late Lat., to leave behind, to bequeath:

libros de gente Romana conscriptos,

Arn. 5, p. 161:

derelictum magnum aes alienum,

Hier. Ep. 108, 30.

impendo ( inp-), di, sum, 3, v. a. [inpendo], to weigh out, lay out, expend (class.; cf.: insumo, erogo).

Lit.:

accipe inquam, nam hoc inpendit puplicum,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 35:

non erunt tam amentes, ut operam, curam, pecuniam impendant in eas res, quas, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68 fin.:

nummos in navem,

Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 9:

pecuniam in opsonio, etc.,

ib. 24, 1, 31 fin.:

HS. octogies pro introitu novi sacerdotii,

Suet. Claud. 9:

istuc, quod tu de tua pecunia dicis impensum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 47:

nescio quid impendit et in commune contulit,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

certus sumptus impenditur,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

intellegebant, sese sibi et populo Romano, non Verri et Apronio serere, impendere, laborare,

id. ib. 2, 3, 52, §

121: sed quid ego vos, de vestro inpendatis, hortor?

Liv. 6, 15, 9:

quis aegram et claudentem oculos gallinam impendat amico tam sterili,

lay out the value of, Juv. 12, 96.—

Transf., in gen., to expend, devote, employ, apply:

impensurus omne aevi sui spatium in id opus,

Vell. 2, 89:

vitam usui alicujus,

Tac. A. 12, 65:

vitam patriae,

Luc. 2, 382:

vitam famae,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 63:

biennium libris componendis,

Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 1; cf. Suet. Aug. 98:

tota volumina in hanc disputationem,

Quint. 3, 6, 21:

vim suam in plura,

id. 1, 12, 2:

operam, curam in aliquid,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

nihil sanguinis in socios,

Ov. M. 13, 266:

quid censetis in hoc foedere faciendo voluisse Mamertinos impendere laboris, operae, pecuniae, ne? etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 51:

omnis impendunt curas distendere, etc.,

Verg. G. 3, 124:

hunc oculum pro vobis impendi,

Petr. 1:

quae (studia) juvenibus erudiendis impenderam, Quint. prooem. § 1: omnia studiis,

id. 12, 11, 19; cf.:

tantum laboris studiis,

id. 2, 4, 3; 1, 1, 3:

aliquem exemplo,

to use as a warning, Front. Strat. 4, 1, 33:

verba animi proferre et vitam impendere vero,

Juv. 4, 91.—Hence,

impensus ( inp-), a, um, P. a. (lit., profusely expended; hence), ample, considerable, great.

Lit.:

impenso pretio,

i. e. high, dear, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5; * Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 2; Liv. 2, 9, 6; for which also absol.:

impenso,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 245.—

Transf., large, great, strong, vehement: dear, expensive:

in his rebus unus est solus inventus, qui ab hac tam impensa voluntate bonorum palam dissideret,

Cic. Sest. 62, 130:

voluntas erga aliquem,

Liv. 35, 44, 3:

libido,

Lucr. 5, 964:

studium,

Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 4 Mai.:

opera,

Gell. 9, 14, 6.— Comp.:

impensior cura,

Ov. M. 2, 405; Tac. H. 1, 31:

verbis laudare,

Val. Max. 4, 3, ext. 1:

injurias atrociores impensiore damno vindicare,

Gell. 20, 1, 32:

vae misero illi, cujus cibo iste factuist impensior,

larger, stouter, fatter, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 26:

nam pol ingrato homine nihil impensiu'st,

more expensive, id. Bacch. 3, 2, 10.— Sup.:

preces,

Suet. Tib. 13.—Hence, adv.: im-pensē ( inp-).

At great cost, expensively:

impensius unge, puer, caules,

Pers. 6, 68:

bibliothecas incendio absumptas impensissime reparari curavit,

Suet. Dom. 20. —

Transf., exceedingly, greatly, very much; earnestly, eagerly, zealously (freq.; esp. in the comp.; cf.: magnopere, admodum, perquam, etc.).

With verbs:

illi invidere misere, verum unus tamen impense,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 23; cf.:

aliquid impense cupere,

id. Ad. 5, 9, 36:

retinere,

Liv. 40, 35, 7:

petere,

Quint. 10, 5, 18; Suet. Claud. 11:

demirari,

Gell. 9, 9, 15:

atque acriter atque inflammanter facit (odium in Verrem),

id. 10, 3, 13 (this the better read. al. incense).— Comp.:

eo facio id impensius, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 64, 1:

agere gratias,

Liv. 37, 56, 10:

consulere,

Verg. A. 12, 20:

venerari numina,

Ov. M. 6, 314:

instare,

id. ib. 7, 323:

crescere his dignitas, si, etc.,

Liv. 1, 40, 2:

accendi certamina in castris,

id. 4, 46, 2.—

With adjj.:

impense improbus,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 39:

impense doctus,

Gell. 13, 10, 4.—

impensa ( inp-), ae, f. (sc. pecunia), outlay, cost, charge, expense (cf.: sumtus, impendium).

Lit. (class.; in sing. and plur.):

impensam ac sumptum facere in culturam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8:

quoniam impensam fecimus in macrocola,

Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3:

nullam impensam fecerant,

id. Phil. 6, 5, 19:

arationes magna impensa tueri,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 53:

columnae nulla impensa dejectae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 55, §

145: sine impensa,

id. Rep. 2, 14:

exigua,

Suet. Vesp. 18:

publica,

id. Claud. 6:

matris ac vitrici,

id. Tib. 7:

sua,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 42:

nostra,

Ov. H. 7, 188:

quia inpensa pecuniae facienda erat,

Liv. 44, 23, 1:

haec nimia est inpensa,

Juv. 12, 97:

finem impensae non servat prodiga Roma,

id. 7, 138:

parcere impensae,

to economize, id. 5, 156.—In plur.:

atque etiam impensae meliores, muri, navalia, portus, aquarum ductus, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:

ludorum ac munerum,

Suet. Tib. 34:

operum ac munerum,

id. Dom. 12:

itineris,

id. Vit. 7:

cenarum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 38:

publicae,

Tac. H. 4, 4; Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 63:

nolo meis impensis illorum ali luxuriam,

i. e. of my reputation, Nep. Phoc. 1, 4:

inpensas conferre,

to contribute to expenses, Juv. 3, 216. —

Transf. (so perh. not ante-Aug.).

In gen.:

cruoris,

Ov. M. 8, 63:

operum,

Verg. A. 11, 228:

officiorum,

Liv. 37, 53, 12. —

In partic., that which is used up or expended for any purpose, materials, ingredients; for repairing an aqueduct (timber, stone, earth, etc.), Front. Aquaed. 124;

of the stuffing for sausages, etc.,

Arn. 7, 231;

of sacrifices,

Petr. 137;

of masonry,

Pall. 1, 13.

impendo ( inp-), di, sum, 3, v. a. [inpendo], to weigh out, lay out, expend (class.; cf.: insumo, erogo).

Lit.:

accipe inquam, nam hoc inpendit puplicum,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 35:

non erunt tam amentes, ut operam, curam, pecuniam impendant in eas res, quas, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68 fin.:

nummos in navem,

Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 9:

pecuniam in opsonio, etc.,

ib. 24, 1, 31 fin.:

HS. octogies pro introitu novi sacerdotii,

Suet. Claud. 9:

istuc, quod tu de tua pecunia dicis impensum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 47:

nescio quid impendit et in commune contulit,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

certus sumptus impenditur,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

intellegebant, sese sibi et populo Romano, non Verri et Apronio serere, impendere, laborare,

id. ib. 2, 3, 52, §

121: sed quid ego vos, de vestro inpendatis, hortor?

Liv. 6, 15, 9:

quis aegram et claudentem oculos gallinam impendat amico tam sterili,

lay out the value of, Juv. 12, 96.—

Transf., in gen., to expend, devote, employ, apply:

impensurus omne aevi sui spatium in id opus,

Vell. 2, 89:

vitam usui alicujus,

Tac. A. 12, 65:

vitam patriae,

Luc. 2, 382:

vitam famae,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 63:

biennium libris componendis,

Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 1; cf. Suet. Aug. 98:

tota volumina in hanc disputationem,

Quint. 3, 6, 21:

vim suam in plura,

id. 1, 12, 2:

operam, curam in aliquid,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

nihil sanguinis in socios,

Ov. M. 13, 266:

quid censetis in hoc foedere faciendo voluisse Mamertinos impendere laboris, operae, pecuniae, ne? etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 51:

omnis impendunt curas distendere, etc.,

Verg. G. 3, 124:

hunc oculum pro vobis impendi,

Petr. 1:

quae (studia) juvenibus erudiendis impenderam, Quint. prooem. § 1: omnia studiis,

id. 12, 11, 19; cf.:

tantum laboris studiis,

id. 2, 4, 3; 1, 1, 3:

aliquem exemplo,

to use as a warning, Front. Strat. 4, 1, 33:

verba animi proferre et vitam impendere vero,

Juv. 4, 91.—Hence,

impensus ( inp-), a, um, P. a. (lit., profusely expended; hence), ample, considerable, great.

Lit.:

impenso pretio,

i. e. high, dear, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5; * Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 2; Liv. 2, 9, 6; for which also absol.:

impenso,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 245.—

Transf., large, great, strong, vehement: dear, expensive:

in his rebus unus est solus inventus, qui ab hac tam impensa voluntate bonorum palam dissideret,

Cic. Sest. 62, 130:

voluntas erga aliquem,

Liv. 35, 44, 3:

libido,

Lucr. 5, 964:

studium,

Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 4 Mai.:

opera,

Gell. 9, 14, 6.— Comp.:

impensior cura,

Ov. M. 2, 405; Tac. H. 1, 31:

verbis laudare,

Val. Max. 4, 3, ext. 1:

injurias atrociores impensiore damno vindicare,

Gell. 20, 1, 32:

vae misero illi, cujus cibo iste factuist impensior,

larger, stouter, fatter, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 26:

nam pol ingrato homine nihil impensiu'st,

more expensive, id. Bacch. 3, 2, 10.— Sup.:

preces,

Suet. Tib. 13.—Hence, adv.: im-pensē ( inp-).

At great cost, expensively:

impensius unge, puer, caules,

Pers. 6, 68:

bibliothecas incendio absumptas impensissime reparari curavit,

Suet. Dom. 20. —

Transf., exceedingly, greatly, very much; earnestly, eagerly, zealously (freq.; esp. in the comp.; cf.: magnopere, admodum, perquam, etc.).

With verbs:

illi invidere misere, verum unus tamen impense,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 23; cf.:

aliquid impense cupere,

id. Ad. 5, 9, 36:

retinere,

Liv. 40, 35, 7:

petere,

Quint. 10, 5, 18; Suet. Claud. 11:

demirari,

Gell. 9, 9, 15:

atque acriter atque inflammanter facit (odium in Verrem),

id. 10, 3, 13 (this the better read. al. incense).— Comp.:

eo facio id impensius, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 64, 1:

agere gratias,

Liv. 37, 56, 10:

consulere,

Verg. A. 12, 20:

venerari numina,

Ov. M. 6, 314:

instare,

id. ib. 7, 323:

crescere his dignitas, si, etc.,

Liv. 1, 40, 2:

accendi certamina in castris,

id. 4, 46, 2.—

With adjj.:

impense improbus,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 39:

impense doctus,

Gell. 13, 10, 4.—

impensa ( inp-), ae, f. (sc. pecunia), outlay, cost, charge, expense (cf.: sumtus, impendium).

Lit. (class.; in sing. and plur.):

impensam ac sumptum facere in culturam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8:

quoniam impensam fecimus in macrocola,

Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3:

nullam impensam fecerant,

id. Phil. 6, 5, 19:

arationes magna impensa tueri,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 53:

columnae nulla impensa dejectae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 55, §

145: sine impensa,

id. Rep. 2, 14:

exigua,

Suet. Vesp. 18:

publica,

id. Claud. 6:

matris ac vitrici,

id. Tib. 7:

sua,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 42:

nostra,

Ov. H. 7, 188:

quia inpensa pecuniae facienda erat,

Liv. 44, 23, 1:

haec nimia est inpensa,

Juv. 12, 97:

finem impensae non servat prodiga Roma,

id. 7, 138:

parcere impensae,

to economize, id. 5, 156.—In plur.:

atque etiam impensae meliores, muri, navalia, portus, aquarum ductus, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:

ludorum ac munerum,

Suet. Tib. 34:

operum ac munerum,

id. Dom. 12:

itineris,

id. Vit. 7:

cenarum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 38:

publicae,

Tac. H. 4, 4; Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 63:

nolo meis impensis illorum ali luxuriam,

i. e. of my reputation, Nep. Phoc. 1, 4:

inpensas conferre,

to contribute to expenses, Juv. 3, 216. —

Transf. (so perh. not ante-Aug.).

In gen.:

cruoris,

Ov. M. 8, 63:

operum,

Verg. A. 11, 228:

officiorum,

Liv. 37, 53, 12. —

In partic., that which is used up or expended for any purpose, materials, ingredients; for repairing an aqueduct (timber, stone, earth, etc.), Front. Aquaed. 124;

of the stuffing for sausages, etc.,

Arn. 7, 231;

of sacrifices,

Petr. 137;

of masonry,

Pall. 1, 13.

impendo ( inp-), di, sum, 3, v. a. [inpendo], to weigh out, lay out, expend (class.; cf.: insumo, erogo).

Lit.:

accipe inquam, nam hoc inpendit puplicum,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 35:

non erunt tam amentes, ut operam, curam, pecuniam impendant in eas res, quas, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68 fin.:

nummos in navem,

Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 9:

pecuniam in opsonio, etc.,

ib. 24, 1, 31 fin.:

HS. octogies pro introitu novi sacerdotii,

Suet. Claud. 9:

istuc, quod tu de tua pecunia dicis impensum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 47:

nescio quid impendit et in commune contulit,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

certus sumptus impenditur,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

intellegebant, sese sibi et populo Romano, non Verri et Apronio serere, impendere, laborare,

id. ib. 2, 3, 52, §

121: sed quid ego vos, de vestro inpendatis, hortor?

Liv. 6, 15, 9:

quis aegram et claudentem oculos gallinam impendat amico tam sterili,

lay out the value of, Juv. 12, 96.—

Transf., in gen., to expend, devote, employ, apply:

impensurus omne aevi sui spatium in id opus,

Vell. 2, 89:

vitam usui alicujus,

Tac. A. 12, 65:

vitam patriae,

Luc. 2, 382:

vitam famae,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 63:

biennium libris componendis,

Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 1; cf. Suet. Aug. 98:

tota volumina in hanc disputationem,

Quint. 3, 6, 21:

vim suam in plura,

id. 1, 12, 2:

operam, curam in aliquid,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

nihil sanguinis in socios,

Ov. M. 13, 266:

quid censetis in hoc foedere faciendo voluisse Mamertinos impendere laboris, operae, pecuniae, ne? etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 51:

omnis impendunt curas distendere, etc.,

Verg. G. 3, 124:

hunc oculum pro vobis impendi,

Petr. 1:

quae (studia) juvenibus erudiendis impenderam, Quint. prooem. § 1: omnia studiis,

id. 12, 11, 19; cf.:

tantum laboris studiis,

id. 2, 4, 3; 1, 1, 3:

aliquem exemplo,

to use as a warning, Front. Strat. 4, 1, 33:

verba animi proferre et vitam impendere vero,

Juv. 4, 91.—Hence,

impensus ( inp-), a, um, P. a. (lit., profusely expended; hence), ample, considerable, great.

Lit.:

impenso pretio,

i. e. high, dear, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5; * Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 2; Liv. 2, 9, 6; for which also absol.:

impenso,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 245.—

Transf., large, great, strong, vehement: dear, expensive:

in his rebus unus est solus inventus, qui ab hac tam impensa voluntate bonorum palam dissideret,

Cic. Sest. 62, 130:

voluntas erga aliquem,

Liv. 35, 44, 3:

libido,

Lucr. 5, 964:

studium,

Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 4 Mai.:

opera,

Gell. 9, 14, 6.— Comp.:

impensior cura,

Ov. M. 2, 405; Tac. H. 1, 31:

verbis laudare,

Val. Max. 4, 3, ext. 1:

injurias atrociores impensiore damno vindicare,

Gell. 20, 1, 32:

vae misero illi, cujus cibo iste factuist impensior,

larger, stouter, fatter, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 26:

nam pol ingrato homine nihil impensiu'st,

more expensive, id. Bacch. 3, 2, 10.— Sup.:

preces,

Suet. Tib. 13.—Hence, adv.: im-pensē ( inp-).

At great cost, expensively:

impensius unge, puer, caules,

Pers. 6, 68:

bibliothecas incendio absumptas impensissime reparari curavit,

Suet. Dom. 20. —

Transf., exceedingly, greatly, very much; earnestly, eagerly, zealously (freq.; esp. in the comp.; cf.: magnopere, admodum, perquam, etc.).

With verbs:

illi invidere misere, verum unus tamen impense,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 23; cf.:

aliquid impense cupere,

id. Ad. 5, 9, 36:

retinere,

Liv. 40, 35, 7:

petere,

Quint. 10, 5, 18; Suet. Claud. 11:

demirari,

Gell. 9, 9, 15:

atque acriter atque inflammanter facit (odium in Verrem),

id. 10, 3, 13 (this the better read. al. incense).— Comp.:

eo facio id impensius, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 64, 1:

agere gratias,

Liv. 37, 56, 10:

consulere,

Verg. A. 12, 20:

venerari numina,

Ov. M. 6, 314:

instare,

id. ib. 7, 323:

crescere his dignitas, si, etc.,

Liv. 1, 40, 2:

accendi certamina in castris,

id. 4, 46, 2.—

With adjj.:

impense improbus,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 39:

impense doctus,

Gell. 13, 10, 4.—

impensa ( inp-), ae, f. (sc. pecunia), outlay, cost, charge, expense (cf.: sumtus, impendium).

Lit. (class.; in sing. and plur.):

impensam ac sumptum facere in culturam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8:

quoniam impensam fecimus in macrocola,

Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3:

nullam impensam fecerant,

id. Phil. 6, 5, 19:

arationes magna impensa tueri,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 53:

columnae nulla impensa dejectae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 55, §

145: sine impensa,

id. Rep. 2, 14:

exigua,

Suet. Vesp. 18:

publica,

id. Claud. 6:

matris ac vitrici,

id. Tib. 7:

sua,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 42:

nostra,

Ov. H. 7, 188:

quia inpensa pecuniae facienda erat,

Liv. 44, 23, 1:

haec nimia est inpensa,

Juv. 12, 97:

finem impensae non servat prodiga Roma,

id. 7, 138:

parcere impensae,

to economize, id. 5, 156.—In plur.:

atque etiam impensae meliores, muri, navalia, portus, aquarum ductus, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:

ludorum ac munerum,

Suet. Tib. 34:

operum ac munerum,

id. Dom. 12:

itineris,

id. Vit. 7:

cenarum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 38:

publicae,

Tac. H. 4, 4; Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 63:

nolo meis impensis illorum ali luxuriam,

i. e. of my reputation, Nep. Phoc. 1, 4:

inpensas conferre,

to contribute to expenses, Juv. 3, 216. —

Transf. (so perh. not ante-Aug.).

In gen.:

cruoris,

Ov. M. 8, 63:

operum,

Verg. A. 11, 228:

officiorum,

Liv. 37, 53, 12. —

In partic., that which is used up or expended for any purpose, materials, ingredients; for repairing an aqueduct (timber, stone, earth, etc.), Front. Aquaed. 124;

of the stuffing for sausages, etc.,

Arn. 7, 231;

of sacrifices,

Petr. 137;

of masonry,

Pall. 1, 13.

impendo ( inp-), di, sum, 3, v. a. [inpendo], to weigh out, lay out, expend (class.; cf.: insumo, erogo).

Lit.:

accipe inquam, nam hoc inpendit puplicum,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 35:

non erunt tam amentes, ut operam, curam, pecuniam impendant in eas res, quas, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68 fin.:

nummos in navem,

Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 9:

pecuniam in opsonio, etc.,

ib. 24, 1, 31 fin.:

HS. octogies pro introitu novi sacerdotii,

Suet. Claud. 9:

istuc, quod tu de tua pecunia dicis impensum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 47:

nescio quid impendit et in commune contulit,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

certus sumptus impenditur,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

intellegebant, sese sibi et populo Romano, non Verri et Apronio serere, impendere, laborare,

id. ib. 2, 3, 52, §

121: sed quid ego vos, de vestro inpendatis, hortor?

Liv. 6, 15, 9:

quis aegram et claudentem oculos gallinam impendat amico tam sterili,

lay out the value of, Juv. 12, 96.—

Transf., in gen., to expend, devote, employ, apply:

impensurus omne aevi sui spatium in id opus,

Vell. 2, 89:

vitam usui alicujus,

Tac. A. 12, 65:

vitam patriae,

Luc. 2, 382:

vitam famae,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 63:

biennium libris componendis,

Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 1; cf. Suet. Aug. 98:

tota volumina in hanc disputationem,

Quint. 3, 6, 21:

vim suam in plura,

id. 1, 12, 2:

operam, curam in aliquid,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

nihil sanguinis in socios,

Ov. M. 13, 266:

quid censetis in hoc foedere faciendo voluisse Mamertinos impendere laboris, operae, pecuniae, ne? etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 51:

omnis impendunt curas distendere, etc.,

Verg. G. 3, 124:

hunc oculum pro vobis impendi,

Petr. 1:

quae (studia) juvenibus erudiendis impenderam, Quint. prooem. § 1: omnia studiis,

id. 12, 11, 19; cf.:

tantum laboris studiis,

id. 2, 4, 3; 1, 1, 3:

aliquem exemplo,

to use as a warning, Front. Strat. 4, 1, 33:

verba animi proferre et vitam impendere vero,

Juv. 4, 91.—Hence,

impensus ( inp-), a, um, P. a. (lit., profusely expended; hence), ample, considerable, great.

Lit.:

impenso pretio,

i. e. high, dear, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5; * Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 2; Liv. 2, 9, 6; for which also absol.:

impenso,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 245.—

Transf., large, great, strong, vehement: dear, expensive:

in his rebus unus est solus inventus, qui ab hac tam impensa voluntate bonorum palam dissideret,

Cic. Sest. 62, 130:

voluntas erga aliquem,

Liv. 35, 44, 3:

libido,

Lucr. 5, 964:

studium,

Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 4 Mai.:

opera,

Gell. 9, 14, 6.— Comp.:

impensior cura,

Ov. M. 2, 405; Tac. H. 1, 31:

verbis laudare,

Val. Max. 4, 3, ext. 1:

injurias atrociores impensiore damno vindicare,

Gell. 20, 1, 32:

vae misero illi, cujus cibo iste factuist impensior,

larger, stouter, fatter, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 26:

nam pol ingrato homine nihil impensiu'st,

more expensive, id. Bacch. 3, 2, 10.— Sup.:

preces,

Suet. Tib. 13.—Hence, adv.: im-pensē ( inp-).

At great cost, expensively:

impensius unge, puer, caules,

Pers. 6, 68:

bibliothecas incendio absumptas impensissime reparari curavit,

Suet. Dom. 20. —

Transf., exceedingly, greatly, very much; earnestly, eagerly, zealously (freq.; esp. in the comp.; cf.: magnopere, admodum, perquam, etc.).

With verbs:

illi invidere misere, verum unus tamen impense,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 23; cf.:

aliquid impense cupere,

id. Ad. 5, 9, 36:

retinere,

Liv. 40, 35, 7:

petere,

Quint. 10, 5, 18; Suet. Claud. 11:

demirari,

Gell. 9, 9, 15:

atque acriter atque inflammanter facit (odium in Verrem),

id. 10, 3, 13 (this the better read. al. incense).— Comp.:

eo facio id impensius, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 64, 1:

agere gratias,

Liv. 37, 56, 10:

consulere,

Verg. A. 12, 20:

venerari numina,

Ov. M. 6, 314:

instare,

id. ib. 7, 323:

crescere his dignitas, si, etc.,

Liv. 1, 40, 2:

accendi certamina in castris,

id. 4, 46, 2.—

With adjj.:

impense improbus,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 39:

impense doctus,

Gell. 13, 10, 4.—

impensa ( inp-), ae, f. (sc. pecunia), outlay, cost, charge, expense (cf.: sumtus, impendium).

Lit. (class.; in sing. and plur.):

impensam ac sumptum facere in culturam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8:

quoniam impensam fecimus in macrocola,

Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3:

nullam impensam fecerant,

id. Phil. 6, 5, 19:

arationes magna impensa tueri,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 53:

columnae nulla impensa dejectae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 55, §

145: sine impensa,

id. Rep. 2, 14:

exigua,

Suet. Vesp. 18:

publica,

id. Claud. 6:

matris ac vitrici,

id. Tib. 7:

sua,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 42:

nostra,

Ov. H. 7, 188:

quia inpensa pecuniae facienda erat,

Liv. 44, 23, 1:

haec nimia est inpensa,

Juv. 12, 97:

finem impensae non servat prodiga Roma,

id. 7, 138:

parcere impensae,

to economize, id. 5, 156.—In plur.:

atque etiam impensae meliores, muri, navalia, portus, aquarum ductus, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:

ludorum ac munerum,

Suet. Tib. 34:

operum ac munerum,

id. Dom. 12:

itineris,

id. Vit. 7:

cenarum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 38:

publicae,

Tac. H. 4, 4; Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 63:

nolo meis impensis illorum ali luxuriam,

i. e. of my reputation, Nep. Phoc. 1, 4:

inpensas conferre,

to contribute to expenses, Juv. 3, 216. —

Transf. (so perh. not ante-Aug.).

In gen.:

cruoris,

Ov. M. 8, 63:

operum,

Verg. A. 11, 228:

officiorum,

Liv. 37, 53, 12. —

In partic., that which is used up or expended for any purpose, materials, ingredients; for repairing an aqueduct (timber, stone, earth, etc.), Front. Aquaed. 124;

of the stuffing for sausages, etc.,

Arn. 7, 231;

of sacrifices,

Petr. 137;

of masonry,

Pall. 1, 13.