-
1 petulantia
pĕtŭlantĭa, ae, f. [petulans].I.Lit., sauciness, freakishness, impudence, wantonness, petulance (class.; syn. lascivia): itaque a petendo petulantia, a procando, id est poscendo, procacitas nominata est, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 23, 18:B.petulantia et libido magis est adulescentium quam senum,
id. Sen. 11, 36:petulantia et audacia,
id. Caecin. 35, 103; cf.:te non ulla meae laesit petulantia linguae,
Prop. 1, 16, 37.—In plur.:Naevius... cum ob assiduam maledicentiam et probra in principes civitatis... in vincula conjectus esset... in his fabulis, delicta sua et petulantias dictorum, quibus multos ante laeserat, diluisset,
insolent language, libels, Gell. 3, 3, 15.—In a milder sense, carelessness, heedlessness (ante-class.):II.linguae,
Suet. Tib. 61; Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 3.—Transf.A.Of animals, viciousness:B.cornuti fere perniciosi sunt propter petulantiam,
Col. 7, 6, 4.—Of things, exuberance, luxuriance:ramorum,
Plin. 16, 30, 53, § 124:morbi,
violence, Gell. 12, 5, 9. -
2 petulantia
petulantia ae, f [petulans], sauciness, freakishness, impudence, wantonness, petulance: petulantiā praestare, S.: adulescentium.* * *impudent or boisterous aggressiveness; wantonness, immodesty -
3 prae-stō
prae-stō itī, itus (P. fut. praestatūrus), āre, to stand out, stand before, be superior, excel, surpass, exceed, be excellent: suos inter aequalīs: civitas hominum multitudine praestabat, Cs.: sacro, quod praestat, peracto, Iu.: probro atque petulantiā maxume, to be pre-eminent, S.: virtute omnibus, Cs.: quā re homines bestiis praestent: pingendo aliis: praestare honestam mortem existimans turpi vitae, N.: quantum ceteris praestet Lucretia, L.: virtute ceteros mortales, L.: gradu honoris nos, L.: imperatores prudentiā, N.—Impers. with subject-clause, it is preferable, is better: sibi praestare, quamvis fortunam pati, quam interfici, etc., Cs.: mori milies praestitit, quam haec pati: motos praestat componere fluctūs, V.—To become surety for, answer for, vouch for, warrant, be responsible for, take upon oneself: ut omnīs ministros imperi tui rei p. praestare videare: ut nihil in vitā nobis praestandum praeter culpam putemus, i. e. that we have nothing to answer for if free from guilt: impetūs populi praestare nemo potest, answer for the outbreaks of the people: emptori damnum praestari oportere, compensation ought to be made: nihil, be responsible for nothing: quod ab homine non potuerit praestari, what none could guaranty against: tibi a vi nihil, give no guaranty against: meliorem praesto magistro Discipulum, warrant, Iu.: quis potest praestare, semper sapientem beatum fore, cum, etc.?: Illius lacrimae praestant Ut veniam culpae non abnuat Osiris, insure, Iu.—To fulfil, discharge, maintain, perform, execute: in pugnā militis officia, Cs.: amicitiae ius officiumque: praestiti, ne quem pacis per me partae paeniteat, have taken care, L.: quamcumque ei fidem dederis, ego praestabo, will keep the promise: ei fidem, L.: mea tibi fides praestabitur: pacem cum iis populus R. praestitit, maintained, L.: argenti pondo bina in militem, pay as ransom, L.: tributa, pay, Iu.: triplicem usuram, Iu.—To keep, preserve, maintain, retain: pueri, quibus videmur praestare rem p. debuisse: nepotibus aequor, O.: omnīs socios salvos praestare poteramus: Incolumem me tibi, H.—To show, exhibit, prove, evince, manifest, furnish, present, assure: mobilitatem equitum in proeliis, Cs.: in iis rebus eam voluntatem: consilium suum fidemque: honorem debitum patri: senatui sententiam, to give his vote: terga hosti, i. e. flee, Ta.: voluptatem sapienti, assure: praesta te eum, qui, etc., show thyself such, as, etc.: teque praesta constanter ad omne Indeclinatae munus amicitiae, show thyself constant, O.: vel magnum praestet Achillen, approve himself a great Achilles, V. -
4 pudor
pudor ōris, m [4 PV-], a shrinking from blame, desire of approval, shame, shamefastness, modesty, decency, propriety: patris, before a father, T.: ex hac parte pugnat pudor, illinc petulantia: ut pudorem rubor consequatur: detractandi certaminis, L.: pudore fractus: paupertatis pudor et fuga, a poor man's modesty, H.: ignominiae maritimae, L.: pudor est promissa referre, I shrink from telling, O.—Person.: Ante, Pudor, quam te violo, modesty, V.— A sense of right, conscientiousness, honor, propriety: qui (pudor) ornat aetatem: oratio digna equitis Romani pudore: omnium qui tecum sunt: adeo omnia regebat pudor, L.— Shame, a cause for shame, ignominy, disgrace: nostrum volgat clamore pudorem, O.: amicitia, quae impetrata gloriae sibi, non pudori sit, should not be a disgrace, L.: sed enim narrare pudori est, Quā, etc., O.— A blush: famosus, O.— Chastity, modesty: laesus, O.* * *decency, shame; sense of honor; modesty; bashfulness -
5 actio
I.In gen.:II.non modo deos spoliat motu et actione divina, sed etiam homines inertes efficit,
Cic. N. D. 1, 37; 2, 16;virtutis laus omnis in actione consistit,
id. Off. 1, 6; id. Fin. 5, 19, 54.—With subject. gen.:ad eas res parandas, quibus actio vitae continetur,
active, practical life, id. Off. 1, 5:corporis,
id. Div. 1, 32:mentis,
id. N. D. 1, 17; and with object. gen.: itaque nec actio rerum illarum ( the public performance of those things) apertā petulantiā vacat, id. ib. 1, 35, 127; ib. 1, 43:actio ullius rei,
id. Ac. 2, 33, 108; and so plur.: periculosae rerum actiones sunt, Off. 1, 2, 4;hence: actio gratiarum,
the giving of thanks, id. Fam. 10, 19 (cf.: gratias agere).—Esp.A. 1.In gen., Cic. Fam. 9, 8:2.tribunorum,
their official duties, Liv. 5, 11; so,consularis,
id. 4, 55 al.:actiones nostras scriptis mandamus,
Cic. Off. 2, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 5.—Hence negotiation, deliberation:discessu consulum actio de pace sublata est,
Cic. Att. 9. 9.—Esp.Of judicial proceedings.a.An action, suit, process ( in abstr.), with a gen. more precisely defining it, e. g. actio furti, injuriarum; also with de:b.actio de repetundis, de arboribus succisis, etc.: actionem alicui intendere,
Cic. Mil. 14:instituere,
to bring an action against one, id. Mur. 9: multis actiones ( processes, suits) et res ( the property in suit) peribant, Liv. 39, 18 al.—The accusation ( in concr.), the statement of the crime, the indictment, charge, accusation:c.Inde illa actio, OPE CONSILIOQVE TVO FVRTVM AIO FACTVM ESSE,
Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74; cf. id. Caecin. 3; id. de Or. 1, 36, 167.—Hence, in gen., judicial forms (the omission of which rendered a suit null and void): actiones Manilianae, forms relative to purchase and sale; cf. Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 246:Hostilianae,
ib. 1, 57, 245.—Hence,A pleading of a case (spoken or written); so Cic. calls his Orats. against Verres, actiones, pleas, simply dividing them into actio prima and actio secunda:d.actio causae,
Cic. Caecin. 2, 4;actiones litium,
id. Phil. 9, 5, 11; so,Suet. continuae actiones, Ner. 15: in prima parte actionis,
Quint. 10, 1, 20 al. —Permission for a suit:e.dare alicui actionem (which was the right or duty of the praetor or judge),
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27.—The judicial management of a suit, the trial, the day of trial:B.prima, altera, tertia,
Cic. Verr. 1, 30; 2, 2, 6.—Gesticulation connected with oral delivery.1.Of an orator; the exterior air or bearing, the action, delivery: Demosthenem ferunt ei qui quaesivisset quid primum esset in dicendo, actionem;2.quid secundum, idem et idem tertium respondisse,
Cic. Brut. 38; cf. id. de Or. 1, 18;so that it often includes even the voice: actio ejus (Pompeii) habebat et in voce magnum splendorem et in motu summam dignitatem,
id. Brut. 68; cf. id. Or. 17:est actio quasi sermo corporis,
id. de Or. 3, 59; cf. ib. 2, 17 al.—Hence, also —Of an actor, action:C.in quo tanta commoveri actio non posset,
id. de Or. 3, 26.—In dramatic lang., the action, the connection or series of events, the plot, in a play:habet enim (fabula) varios actus multasque actiones et consiliorum et temporum,
Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 6. -
6 clades
clādes, is ( gen. plur. usu. cladium, Liv. 2, 63, 7; 5, 22, 8 et saep.:I. A.cladum,
Sil. 1, 41; 7, 505; 9, 353; 16, 672; Amm. 29, 1, 14; 32, 2, 1), f. [kindr. with Sanscr. klath, laedere; Gr. klaô, to break, break in pieces; cf.: per - cello, clava, gladius].In gen., destruction, devastation, injury, mischief, harm, misfortune, disaster, loss, detriment, calamity (cf.: calamitas, pernicies;B.class. and freq.): clades calamitasque, intemperies modo in nostram advenit domum,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 3:haec igitur subito clades nova pestilitasque Aut in aquas cadit aut fruges persidit in ipsas,
Lucr. 6, 1125:dare late cladem magnasque ruinas,
id. 5, 347:etsi cursum ingeni tui, Bruti, premit haec inportuna clades civitatis,
Cic. Brut. 97, 332:atque haec vetusta... Luctifica clades nostro infixa est corpori,
id. Tusc. 2, 10, 25:et illam meam cladem... maximum esse rei publicae volnus judicastis,
id. Sest. 13, 31:cum tibi ad pristinas cladis accessio fuisset Aetoliae repentinus interitus,
id. Pis. 37, 91:quod si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset, profecto magna clades atque calamitas rem publicam oppressisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:captae urbis Romanae clades,
Liv. 5, 21, 16:publica,
Tac. A. 14, 64:tum urbs tota eorum conruit et Taygeti montis magna pars... abrupta cladem eam insuper ruinā pressit,
Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191:plus populationibus quam proeliis cladium fecit (cf. B. 1. infra),
Liv. 8, 2, 8:quidve superbia spurcitia ac petulantia? Quantas Efficiunt clades!
Lucr. 5, 48:aliam quamvis cladem inportare pericli,
id. 5, 369:agrum omni belli clade pervastat,
Liv. 22, 4, 1:colonias belli clade premi,
Curt. 9, 7, 22:colonias omni clade vastare,
id. 4, 1, 10:majestas populi Romani... vastata cladibus fuerat,
Plin. 16, 32, 57, § 132:per sex dies septemque noctes eā clade saevitum est,
of the burning of Rome, Suet. Ner. 38:quo tantae cladis pretio,
i. e. the burning of the Capitol, Tac. H. 3, 72; id. A. 13, 57:recens,
the destruction of the amphitheatre, id. A. 4, 63 sq.:Lugdunensis,
the burning of Lyons, id. ib. 16, 13 Nipp. ad loc.—With gen. obj.:si denique Italia a dilectu, urbs ab armis, sine Milonis clade numquam esset conquietura,
without ruining Milo, Cic. Mil. 25, 68: tum privatae per domos clades vulgatae sunt, the losses of particular families at Cannae, Liv. 22, 56, 4.— Poet.:cladibus, exclamat, Saturnia, pascere nostris,
Ov. M. 9, 176:Trojae renascens alite lugubri Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur,
Hor. C. 3, 3, 62.—Esp.1.In war or battle, a disaster, defeat, overthrow, discomfiture, massacre:2.ni pedites cum equitibus permixti magnam cladem in congressu facerent,
Sall. J. 59, 3:exercitatior hostis magnā clade eos castigavit,
Liv. 39, 1, 4:iret ut... subitā turbaret clade Latinos,
Verg. A. 12, 556:quodsi... supervenisset, ingens clades accipi potuit,
Curt. 4, 12, 15;so freq.: accipere cladem,
to be defeated, beaten, Liv. 3, 26, 3; 5, 11, 5; 8, 12, 17;22, 51, 11: apud Chaeroneam accepta,
Quint. 9, 2, 62:classe devictā multas ipsi lacrimas, magnam populo Romano cladem attulit,
Cic. N.D. 2, 3, 7:postquam is... contractae cladi superesset... fusa est Romana acies,
Liv. 25, 19, 16:omnibus pacis modo incurrisse agentibus magna clades inlata,
id. 29, 3, 8:non vulnus super vulnus sed multiplex clades,
id. 22, 54, 9: paene exitiabilem omnibus cladem intulit, Vell. 2, 112, 4:tantā mole cladis obrui,
Liv. 22, 54, 10:terrestri simul navalique clade obruebantur,
Curt. 4, 3, 14; Sen. Med. 207: clades illa pugnae Cannensis vastissima, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 5, 17, 5:binaque castra clade unā deleta,
Liv. 30, 6, 6:exercituum,
Tac. A. 3, 6; 3, 73; Sall. H. 1, 41, 5 Dietsch:quis cladem illius noctis fando Explicet,
Verg. A. 2, 362:Germanica,
Tac. H. 4, 12:Variana,
id. A. 1, 57:Pharsaliam Philippos et Perusiam ac Mutinam, nota publicarum cladium nomina loquebantur,
id. H. 1, 50. — Poet.:ut barbarorum Claudius agmina... diruit... Primosque et extremos metendo Stravit humum, sine clade victor (i.e. of his own men),
Hor. C. 4, 14, 32.—Of the plague:3.inque ipsos saeva medentes Erumpit clades,
Ov. M. 7, 562; cf.:sue abstinent merito cladis, quā ipsos scabies quondam turpaverat, cui id animal obnoxium,
Tac. H. 5, 4 Heraeus ad loc.—Of the loss of a limb:II.Mucius, cui postea Scaevolae a clade dextrae manūs cognomen inditum,
Liv. 2, 13, 1.—Transf.A.Of persons who bring destruction, etc., a destroyer, scourge, pest:B.geminos, duo fulmina belli, Scipiadas, cladem Libyae,
Verg. A. 6, 843:haec clades,
of Heliogabalus, Lampr. Heliog. 34, 1: illa, of immodest women as a class, id. Alex. Sev. 34, 4.—Of dissolute morals, corruption:fecunda culpae saecula nuptias inquinavere... Hoc fonte derivata clades In patriam populumque fluxit,
Hor. C. 3, 6, 19. -
7 colluctor
col-luctor ( conl-), āri, v. n., to struggle, contend, wrestle with (post-Aug. and rare); constr. with cum aliquo, alicui, or absol.:praedonibus,
Prud. Ham. 523.— Absol., Just. 13, 8, 8; App. M. 2, p. 129.— Trop.:cum agro,
Col. 1, 3, 9; cf.:cum solo,
Plin. 27, 2, 2, § 5:cum petulantiā morbi,
Gell. 12, 5, 9. -
8 conluctor
col-luctor ( conl-), āri, v. n., to struggle, contend, wrestle with (post-Aug. and rare); constr. with cum aliquo, alicui, or absol.:praedonibus,
Prud. Ham. 523.— Absol., Just. 13, 8, 8; App. M. 2, p. 129.— Trop.:cum agro,
Col. 1, 3, 9; cf.:cum solo,
Plin. 27, 2, 2, § 5:cum petulantiā morbi,
Gell. 12, 5, 9. -
9 ecfreno
ef-frēno or ecfr-, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a., to unbridle, let loose (very rare).— Poet. transf.:I.Vulturnum Effrenat,
Sil. 9, 496.—Far more freq., effrēnātus, a, um, P. a.Unbridled, without a rein:II.equi,
Liv. 40, 40, 5:equi velut effrenati passim incerto cursu feruntur,
id. 37, 41, 10.—Transf., ungoverned, unrestrained, unruly (a favorite word of Cicero):homines secundis rebus effrenatos tamquam in gyrum rationis duci oportere,
Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90:populi soluti effrenatique,
id. Rep. 1, 34; cf.:libido effrenata et indomita,
id. Clu. 6; id. Verr. 2, 1, 24:cupiditas effrenata ac furiosa,
id. Cat. 1, 10; and:mens effrenata atque praeceps,
id. Cael. 15, 35; so,libertas,
Liv. 34, 49 et saep.:insolentiă multitudo,
Cic. Rep. 1, 42 fin.; cf. id. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:ferocia,
id. ib. 5, 8:violentia,
id. Phil. 12, 11:petulantia,
Plin. Ep. 4, 25 fin.:mente,
Vulg. 2 Macc. 13, 9 et saep.— Comp.:vox (with libera),
Cic. de Or. 3, 53 fin.:libido (Appii),
Liv. 3, 50:iracundia,
Quint. 9, 2, 3.— Sup.:affectus,
Sen. Ep. 88.— Adv.: ef-frēnāte, unrestrainedly, violently, Cic. de Sen. 12, 39.— Comp., id. Phil. 14, 9, 26.— Sup. appears not to occur. -
10 effreno
ef-frēno or ecfr-, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a., to unbridle, let loose (very rare).— Poet. transf.:I.Vulturnum Effrenat,
Sil. 9, 496.—Far more freq., effrēnātus, a, um, P. a.Unbridled, without a rein:II.equi,
Liv. 40, 40, 5:equi velut effrenati passim incerto cursu feruntur,
id. 37, 41, 10.—Transf., ungoverned, unrestrained, unruly (a favorite word of Cicero):homines secundis rebus effrenatos tamquam in gyrum rationis duci oportere,
Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90:populi soluti effrenatique,
id. Rep. 1, 34; cf.:libido effrenata et indomita,
id. Clu. 6; id. Verr. 2, 1, 24:cupiditas effrenata ac furiosa,
id. Cat. 1, 10; and:mens effrenata atque praeceps,
id. Cael. 15, 35; so,libertas,
Liv. 34, 49 et saep.:insolentiă multitudo,
Cic. Rep. 1, 42 fin.; cf. id. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:ferocia,
id. ib. 5, 8:violentia,
id. Phil. 12, 11:petulantia,
Plin. Ep. 4, 25 fin.:mente,
Vulg. 2 Macc. 13, 9 et saep.— Comp.:vox (with libera),
Cic. de Or. 3, 53 fin.:libido (Appii),
Liv. 3, 50:iracundia,
Quint. 9, 2, 3.— Sup.:affectus,
Sen. Ep. 88.— Adv.: ef-frēnāte, unrestrainedly, violently, Cic. de Sen. 12, 39.— Comp., id. Phil. 14, 9, 26.— Sup. appears not to occur. -
11 fraudatio
fraudātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a cheating, deceiving, defrauding, deceit, fraud (rare but class.):ex hac parte pudor pugnat, illinc petulantia: hinc fides, illinc fraudatio,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 25: VT INTER BONOS BENE AGIER OPORTET ET SINE FRAVDATIONE, an old legal formula in Cic. Off. 3, 17, 70: QVI FRAVDATIONIS CAVSA LATITARIT, Edict. ap. Cic. Quint. 19, 60: QVAE FRAVDATIONIS CAVSA GESTA ERVNT, etc., Edict. in Dig. 42, 8, 1:qui ad eri fraudationem callidum ingenium gerunt,
Plaut. As. 2, 1, 9. -
12 hinc
hinc, adv. [for hince, locative form from hic], from this place. hence.I.In space: Imus huc: illuc hinc: cum illuc ventum est, ire illinc lubet, Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10, 12 (Trag. v. 258 Vahl.):B.abiit hinc in exercitum,
Plaut. Am. prol. 125:In ea via, quae est hinc in Indiam,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 45:qui hinc Roma veneramus,
id. Agr. 2, 34, 94; cf.:hinc a nobis profecti,
id. Tusc. 1, 13, 29: Ex Sicilia testes erant ii, qui, etc.... et hinc homines maxime illustres, etc., id. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 17:hinc Athenis civis eam emit Atticus,
Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 32:at enim ille hinc amat meretricem ex proxumo,
id. Men. 5, 2, 39:illam hinc civem esse aiunt,
Ter. And. 5, 1, 14; id. Eun. 5, 5, 10; out of this world, Aug. Conf. 6, 11.—Esp., in a book or writing, jam hinc, from this point onward:majora jam hinc bella dicentur,
Liv. 7, 29, 1:liberi jam hinc populi Romani res gestas peragam,
id. 2, 1, 1; 8, 7, 7; 40, 35, 14.—Transf.1.I. q. ab or ex hac parte, from this side, on this side, here:2.imperator utrimque hinc et illinc Jovi vota suscipere,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 74: ex hac parte pudor pugnat, illinc petulantia; hinc pudicitia, illinc stuprum;hinc fides, illinc fraudatio, etc.,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 25:pudor est, qui suadeat illinc: hinc dissuadet amor,
Ov. M. 1, 619:cum speculorum levitas hinc illinc altitudinem assumpsit,
Cic. Univ. 14:multis hinc atque illinc vulneribus acceptis,
on each side, Liv. 32, 10, 12.—So too: hinc... hinc, on this side... on that side, here... there:hinc patres, hinc viros orantes,
Liv. 1, 13, 2; cf.:Cassandrea hinc Toronaico, hinc Macedonico saepta mari,
id. 44, 11, 2; 21, 8, 8: hinc atque hinc vastae rupes geminique minantur In caelum scopuli, i. e. on each side, enthen kai enthen, Verg. A. 1, 162:multi impetus hinc atque illinc facti,
Liv. 3, 5, 1:duos corvos hinc et inde infestantes,
from different directions, Suet. Aug. 96; so,hinc et inde,
id. Caes. 39:hinc inde hortantium,
id. Ner. 27; so,hinc inde,
id. ib. 49; id. Tib. 21:hinc inde jacta,
Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 8; 9, 33, 1.—With reference to the origin or cause of any thing (v. ab and ex), from this source, from this cause, hence; on this account:II.hinc quodcumque in solum venit, ut dicitur, effingis atque efficis,
Cic. N. D. 1, 23, 65:videret hinc (i. e. ex auro) dona fortium fieri,
Plin. 33, 12, 54, § 153:hinc sicae, hinc venena, hinc falsa testamenta nascuntur: hinc furta, hinc opum nimiarum potentiae non ferendae,
Cic. Off. 3, 8, 36; id. Fl. 23, 54; id. Rosc. Am. 31, 87:plurima hinc orta vitia,
Quint. 8, 6, 74; cf. id. 2, 2, 5:ut posset hinc esse metus,
id. ib. 6 praef. § 10;7, 6, 1: hinc enim accidit dubitatio,
Quint. 1, 1, 32:hinc illae lacrimae!
Ter. And. 1, 1, 99; imitated by Cic. Cael. 25, 61; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 41; cf.ellipt.: hinc illae sollicitationes servorum: hinc illae quaestiones,
Cic. Clu. 67, 191: Verg. A. 2, 97: sed eccum Syrum ire video! hinc scibo jam, ubi siet (acc. to scire ex aliquo;v. scio),
from him, this person, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 7:hinc canere incipiam,
Verg. G. 1, 5; Plin. 9, 62, 88, § 186; cf.:jam hinc igitur ad rationem sermonis conjuncti transeamus,
Quint. 8, 3, 40; so,jam hinc,
id. 3, 1, 1; 2, 11, 1; 10, 3, 4:hinc jam,
id. 2, 4, 1; 8 praef. §13: atque hinc,
id. 3, 1, 15.—In time.A.From this time, after this, hereupon (post-Aug.):B.puerum in specu septem et quinquaginta dormisse annis: hinc pari numero dierum senio ingruente, etc.,
Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 175; cf. Tac. Agr. 14; Val. Fl. 3, 672:circumdata hinc regi specie honoris valida manus,
Tac. A. 2, 67.— -
13 integer
intĕger, tēgra, tēgrum (long e in intēgri, intēgros, etc., Lucr. 1, 927; Verg. E. 4, 5; Hor. S. 2, 2, 113 al.), adj. [2. in and root tag-, tango], untouched, unhurt, unchanged.I.Lit.A.Undiminished, whole, entire, complete, perfect:B. 1.integer et plenus thensaurus,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 12, 13:exercitus,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 148:annus,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 8:quarum (sublicarum) pars inferior integra remanebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 35:integris bonis exulare,
Suet. Caes. 42:nec superstes Integer,
Hor. C. 2, 17, 7:puer malasque comamque Integer,
with beard, and hair on his head, Stat. Th. 8, 487:signa (litterarum),
unbroken, Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 6.— Adv.: ad integrum, wholly, entirely:corpore carens,
Macr. Som. Scip. 1, 5. —Absol.:2.adulescens cum sis, tum, cum est sanguis integer,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 2, 7:aetas,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 45:cum recentes atque integri defessis successissent,
Caes. B. C. 3, 94;so opp. defessi,
id. B. G. 7, 41;opp. defatigati,
id. ib. 7, 48; 5, 16; id. B. C. 3, 40:integris viribus repugnare,
id. B. G. 3, 4:si ad quietem integri iremus, opp. onustus cibo et vino,
Cic. Div. 1, 29:integra valetudo,
id. Fin. 2, 20, 64:integrum se salvumque velle,
id. ib. 2, 11, 33:omnibus rebus integros incolumesque esse,
id. Fam. 13, 4:florentes atque integri,
id. Planc. 35:integros pro sauciis arcessere,
Sall. C. 60, 4;so opp. saucius,
Cic. Mur. 25, 50:Horatius,
Liv. 1, 25:nasus,
Juv. 15, 56; 10, 288;so opp. truncus,
Plin. 7, 11, 10. §50: cecidit Cethegus integer, et jacuit Catilina cadavere toto,
not mutilated, Juv. 10, 288:opes, opp. accisae,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 113:mulier aetate integra,
in the flower of her age, Ter. And. 1, 1, 45:corpora sana et integri sanguinis,
Quint. 8 praef. § 19;tantum capite integro (opp. transfigurato),
unchanged, Suet. Ner. 46:quam integerrimis corporibus cibum offerre,
free from fever, Cels. 3, 4:antequam ex toto integer fiat,
id. ib.:integra aetate ac valetudine,
Suet. Tib. 10. —With gen.:3.integer aevi sanguis (= integri aevi sanguis, i. e. juvenilis vigor),
Verg. A. 2, 638; 9, 255; Ov. M. 9, 441:integer annorum,
Stat. Th. 1, 415 (cf. II. A. infra): deos aevi integros, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 9, 255 (Trag. v. 440 Vahl.). —With abl.:4.fama et fortunis integer,
Sall. H 2, 41, 5:copiis integra (regio),
id. ib. 1, 95:neque aetate neque corpore integer,
Suet. Aug. 19: pectore maturo fuerat puer integer aevo, Ped. Albin. 3, 5:dum vernat sanguis, dum rugis integer annus,
Prop. 4 (5), 5, 59.—With a ( ab) and abl. (rare):5.a populi suffragiis integer,
i. e. who has not been rejected, Sall. H. 1, 52 D.:cohortes integrae ab labore,
Caes. B. G. 3, 26:gens integra a cladibus belli,
Liv. 9, 41, 8.—Esp. in phrase ad or in integrum (sc. statum), to a former condition or state:C.potius quam redeat ad integrum haec eadem oratio,
i. e. to have the same story over again, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 8:quod te absente hic filius egit restitui in integrum aequum est,
id. Phorm. 2, 4, 11:quos ego non idcirco esse arbitror in integrum restitutos,
Cic. Clu. 36, 98; id. Fl. 32, 79:(judicia) in integrum restituit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 4. —Not worn, fresh, new, unused:D.ad integrum bellum cuncta parare,
Sall. J. 73, 1:consilia,
id. ib. 108, 2:pugnam edere,
Liv. 8, 9, 13.—Hence, esp. adv.: de integro, ab integro, ex integro, anew, afresh:ut mihi de integro scribendi causa non sit,
Cic. Att. 13, 27; id. Clu. 60, 167:acrius de integro obortum est bellum,
Liv. 21, 8, 2:relata de integro res ad senatum,
id. 21, 6, 5:columnam efficere ab integro novam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 56, § 147:magnus ab integro saeclorum nascitur ordo,
Verg. E. 4, 5:recipere ex integro vires,
Quint. 10, 3, 20:navibus ex integro fabricatis,
Suet. Aug. 16.—Untainted, fresh, sweet:E.ut anteponantur integra contaminatis,
Cic. Top. 18, 69:fontes,
Hor. C. 1, 26, 6:sapor,
id. S. 2, 4, 54:aper, opp. vitiatus,
id. ib. 2, 2, 91.—Not before attempted, fresh:II.ex integra Graeca integram comoediam Hodie sum acturus,
Ter. Heaut. prol. 4:alias ut uti possim causa hac integra,
this pretext as a fresh one, id. Hec. 1, 2, 5:eum Plautus locum reliquit integrum,
not treated, not imitated, id. Ad. prol. 9.Trop.A.Blameless, irreproachable, spotless, pure, honest, virtuous:B.cum illo nemo neque integrior esset in civitate, neque sanctior,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53:(homines) integri, innocentes, religiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 4, § 7:integerrima vita,
id. Planc. 1:incorrupti atque integri testes,
id. Fin. 1, 21:vitae,
Hor. C. 1, 22, 1:integer urbis,
not spoiled by the city, untainted with city vices, Val. Fl. 2, 374:vir a multis vitiis integer, Sen. de Ira, 1, 18, 3.— Of female chastity: loquere filiam meam quis integram stupraverit,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 47:narratque, ut virgo ab se integra etiam tum siet,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 70:quibus liberos conjugesque suas integras ab istius petulantia conservare non licitum est,
Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 14:virgines,
Cat. 61, 36.—Of the mind or disposition.1.Free from passion or prejudice, unbiassed, impartial: integrum se servare, to keep one's self neutral, Cic. Att. 7, 26, 2:2.arbiter,
Juv. 8, 80:scopulis surdior Icari Voces audit, adhuc integer,
untouched with love, heart-whole, Hor. C. 3, 7, 21:bracchia et vultum teretesque suras Integer laudo,
id. ib. 2, 4, 21.—Healthy, sound, sane, unimpaired:C.animi,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 220:mentis,
id. ib. 2, 3, 65; cf.mens,
id. C. 1, 31, 18:a conjuratione,
without complicity in, Tac. A. 15, 52:integrius judicium a favore et odio,
Liv. 45, 37, 8.—New to a thing, ignorant of it:D.rudem me discipulum, et integrum accipe,
Cic. N. D. 3, 3:suffragiis integer,
Sall. H. 1, 52 Dietsch—In which nothing has yet been done, undecided, undetermined:1. 2.integram rem et causam relinquere,
Cic. Att. 5, 21, 13:rem integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,
id. Off. 2, 23, 82:integram omnem causam reservare alicui,
id. Fam. 13, 4, 2:ea dicam, quae ipsi, re integra saepe dixi,
id. Mur. 21:ut quam integerrima ad pacem essent omnia,
Caes. B. C. 1, 85:offensiones,
not yet cancelled, Tac. A. 3, 24:integrum est mihi,
it is still in my power, I am at liberty, Cic. Att. 15, 23:loquor de legibus promulgatis, de quibus est integrum vobis,
id. Phil. 1, 10:non est integrum, Cn. Pompeio consilio jam uti tuo,
id. Pis. 24:ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut, etc.,
id. Tusc. 5, 21, 62. —So, integrum dare,
to grant full power, to leave at liberty, Cic. Part. 38. — Adv.: intĕgrē.Trop.a.Irreproachably, honestly, justly:b.incorrupte atque integre judicare,
Cic. Fin. 1, 9:in amicorum periculis caste integreque versatus,
id. Imp. Pomp. 1. — Comp.: quid dici potest integrius, quid incorruptius, Cic. Mil. 22.— Sup.:Asiam integerrime administravit,
Suet. Vesp. 4:procuratione integerrime functus,
Plin. Ep. 7, 25. — -
14 labor
1.lābor, lapsus ( inf. parag. labier, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 94; part. labundus, Att. ap. Non. 504, 31; Trag. Fragm. v. 570 Rib.), 3, v. dep. n. [cf. lăbo; Sanscr. lamb- (ramb-), to glide, fall], to move gently along a smooth surface, to fall, slide; to slide, slip, or glide down, to fall down, to sink as the beginning of a fall; constr. absol., or with ad, in, inter, per, sub, super, ab, de, ex, or with abl. alone.I.Lit.A.In gen.1.Of living beings:2.non squamoso labuntur ventre cerastae,
Prop. 3 (4), 22, 27:per sinus crebros et magna volumina labens,
Ov. M. 15, 721:pigraque labatur circa donaria serpens,
Ov. Am. 2, 13, 13:ille inter vestes et levia pectora lapsus volvitur,
Verg. A. 7, 349: (angues) in diversum lapsi, Jul. Obseq. 119.—Of floating:ut rate felice pacata per aequora labar,
Ov. H. 10, 65:dum Stygio gurgite labor,
id. M. 5, 504:tua labens navita aqua,
Prop. 2, 26 (3, 21), 8.—Of flying:tollunt se celeres, liquidumque per aera lapsae,
Verg. A. 6, 202:vade, age, nate, voca Zephyros et labere pennis,
id. ib. 4, 223:pennis lapsa per auras,
Ov. M. 8, 51:labere, nympha, polo,
Verg. A. 11, 588.—Of sinking, slipping down:labor, io! cara lumina conde manu,
Ov. A. A. 7, 342:labitur infelix (equus),
Verg. G. 3, 498; cf. Luc. 5, 799:labitur exsanguis,
Verg. A. 11, 818; 5, 181:super terram,
Ov. M. 13, 477:equo,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 15:temone,
Verg. A. 12, 470 [p. 1024] limite, Luc. 9, 712:in vulnera,
id. 7, 604:in colla mariti,
Val. Fl. 2, 425:alieno vulnere,
Luc. 2, 265:in rivo,
Cic. Fat. 3, 5:pondere lapsi pectoris arma sonant,
Luc. 7, 572.—Of gliding upwards: celeri fuga sub sidera,
Verg. A. 3, 243.—Of things:B.splendida signa videntur labier,
Lucr. 4, 445; Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 42:umor in genas Furtim labitur,
Hor. C. 1, 13, 7:stellas Praecipites caelo labi,
Verg. G. 1, 366:perque genas lacrimae labuntur,
Ov. H. 7, 185; id. M. 2, 656:lapsi de fontibus amnes,
id. ib. 13, 954; cf.:catenae lapsae lacertis sponte sua,
id. ib. 3, 699:lapsuram domum subire,
about to tumble down, id. Ib. 511; Luc. 1, 25; cf.with cado: multa in silvis Lapsa cadunt folia,
Verg. A. 6, 310:ipsaque in Oceanum sidera lapsa cadunt,
Prop. 4 (5), 4, 64:lapsis repente saxis,
Tac. A. 4, 59:ab arbore ramus,
Ov. M. 3, 410.—Of the eyes, to fall, close:labentes, oculos condere,
Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 44:lumina,
Verg. A. 11, 818; Prop. 1, 10, 7; 2, 5, 17.—Transf.1.To glide away, glide along, slip or haste away: labitur uncta carina: volat super impetus undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.); so id. ap. Isid. Orig. 19, 1 (Ann. v. 476 Vahl.); cf.:2.labitur uncta vadis abies,
Verg. A. 8, 91; Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 31:sidera, quae vaga et mutabili ratione labuntur,
id. Univ. 10.—Esp., of a transition in discourse, to pass:a dispositione ad elocutionis praecepta labor,
Quint. 7, 10, 17.—To slip away, escape:II.lapsus custodiā,
Tac. A. 5, 10; 11, 31:e manibus custodientium lapsus,
Curt. 3, 13, 3; Prop. 1, 11, 5; Amm. 26, 3, 3.—Trop.A.In gen., to come or go gently or insensibly, to glide, glide or pass away:B.ilico res foras labitur,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 21:brevitate et celeritate syllabarum labi putat verba proclivius,
Cic. Or. 57; 56:sed labor longius, ad propositum revertor,
id. Div. 2, 37, 79; id. Leg. 1, 19, 52:labitur occulte fallitque volubilis aetas,
Ov. Am. 1, 8, 49:labi somnum sensit in artus,
id. M. 11, 631:nostro illius labatur pectore vultus,
Verg. E. 1, 64.—In partic.1.Of speech, to die away, be lost, not be heard (very rare):2.ne adjectae voces laberentur atque errarent,
Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 114; cf. Sil. 7, 745.—Of time, to glide, pass away, elapse:3.eheu fugaces labuntur anni,
Hor. C. 2, 14, 2:anni tacite labentis origo,
Ov. F. 1, 65:labentia tempora,
id. Tr. 3, 11; id. F. 6, 771; id. Tr. 4, 10, 27:aetas labitur,
Tib. 1, 8, 48; cf.: labente officio, when the attendance or service is ended, Juv. 6, 203.—Pregn., to sink, incline, begin to fall, go to ruin, perish: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus lapsa fortuna accidat, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.); cf.:4.cetera nasci, occidere, fluere, labi,
Cic. Or. 3, 10:labentem et prope cadentem rem publicam fulcire,
id. Phil. 2, 21, 51:equitem Romanum labentem excepit, fulsit, sustinuit,
id. Rab. Post. 16, 43; id. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 18, 2:sustinuit labentem aciem Antonius,
Tac. H. 3, 23:vidi labentes acies,
Prop. 4 (5), 2, 53:eo citius lapsa res est,
Liv. 3, 33: mores lapsi sunt, id. praef.; Tac. A. 6, 50:fides lapsa,
Ov. H. 2, 102:labentur opes,
will be lost, Tib. 1, 6, 53:res,
Lucr. 4, 1117:hereditas lapsa est,
Dig. 4, 4, 11, § 5.—To slip or fall away from a thing, to lose it: hac spe lapsus, deceived or disappointed in this hope, Caes. B. G. 5, 55, 3:5.hoc munere,
Sil. 7, 740:facultatibus,
to lose one's property, become poor, Dig. 27, 8, 2, § 11; 26, 7, 9, § 1:mente,
to lose one's senses, go mad, Cels. 5, 26, 13; Suet. Aug. 48; cf.:lapsae mentis error,
Val. Max. 5, 3, 2.—Hence, lapsus, a, um, ruined, unfortunate, Prop. 1, 1, 25. —To fall into or upon, to come or turn to:6.labor eo, ut assentiar Epicuro,
Cic. Ac. 2, 45, 139; id. Att. 4, 5, 2:ad opinionem,
id. Ac. 2, 45, 138:in adulationem,
Tac. A. 4, 6:in gaudia,
Val. Fl. 6, 662:in vitium,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 94.—To fall into error, to be mistaken, to err, mistake, commit a fault:7.labi, errare, nescire, decipi et malum et turpe ducimus,
Cic. Off. 1, 6, 18:in aliqua re labi et cadere,
id. Brut. 49, 185:in minimis tenuissimisque rebus,
id. de Or. 1, 37, 169; id. Fam. 2, 7, 1:lapsus est per errorem suum,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 8:consilio,... casu,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 6:propter inprudentiam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 3:in officio,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12:in verbo,
Ov. Am. 2, 8, 7:ne verbo quidem labi,
Plin. Ep. 2, 3:it vera ratione,
Lucr. 2, 176.—Esp., to fall away from the true faith, to become apostate (eccl. Lat.):2.lapsorum fratrum petulantia,
Cypr. Ep. 30, 1 al.lăbor (old form lăbos, like arbos, honos, etc., Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 35; id. Truc. 2, 6, 40; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6; Varr. ap. Non. 487, 13; Cat. 55, 13; Sall. C. 7, 5; id. J. 100, 4; cf. Quint. 1, 4, 13), ōris, m. [Sanscr. root rabh, to grasp, ā-rabh, to undertake; Gr. alph- in êlphon, earned, alphêma, wages; Germ. Arbeit], labor, toil, exertion (cf.: contentio, opera).I.Lit.:B.ut ingenium est omnium Hominum a labore proclive ad libidinem,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 51:haud existimans quanto labore partum,
id. Phorm. 1, 1, 12:interest aliquid inter laborem et dolorem: sunt finitima omnino, sed tamen differt aliquid. Labor est functio quaedam vel animi vel corporis, gravioris operis et muneris: dolor autem motus asper in corpore alienus a sensibus,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 35:corporis,
id. Cael. 17, 39:res est magni laboris,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:laborem sibi sumere et alteri imponere,
id. Mur. 18, 38:sumptum et laborem insumere in rem aliquam,
id. Inv. 2, 38, 113; cf. id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:multum operae laborisque consumere,
id. de Or. 1, 55, 234:laborem sustinere,
id. Att. 1, 17, 6:exantlare,
id. Ac. 2, 34, 108:suscipere,
id. Opt. Gen. Or. 5, 13:subire,
id. Att. 3, 15, 7:capere,
id. Rosc. Com. 16, 49:labores magnos excipere,
id. Brut. 69, 243:se in magnis laboribus exercere,
id. Arch. 11, 28:summi laboris esse,
capable of great exertion, Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 2:laborem levare alicui,
Cic. Or. 34, 120:detrahere,
id. Fam. 3, 6, 5:ex labore se reficere,
Caes. B. G. 3, 5; 5, 11:victus suppeditabatur sine labore,
Cic. Sest. 48, 103:non est quod existumes, ullam esse sine labore virtutem,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 25, 5; Suet. Ner. 52; Quint. 2, 12, 12; cf.:nullo labore,
Cic. Dom. 34, 91; id. Sest. 40, 87; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 51:quantum meruit labor,
Juv. 7, 216:reddere sua dona labori,
id. 16, 57:numerenter labores,
be valued, id. 9, 42.—In partic.1.Pregn., drudgery, hardship, fatigue, distress, trouble, pain, suffering (mostly poet. and late Lat.; syn. aerumna): decet id pati animo aequo;2.si id facietis, levior labos erit,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 2:propter meum caput labores homini evenisse optumo,
id. ib. 5, 1, 25:cum labore magno et misere vivere,
id. Aul. prol. 14; id. Ps. 2, 4, 2:hoc evenit in labore atque in dolore,
id. ib. 2, 3, 20:vel in labore meo vel in honore,
Cic. Fam. 15, 18:Iliacos audire labores,
Verg. A. 4, 78:mox et frumentis labor additus, ut mala culmos Esset rubigo,
id. G. 1, 150:belli labores,
id. A. 11, 126; cf. id. ib. 2, 619;12, 727: labor militiae,
Juv. 16, 52:castrorum labores,
id. 14, 198:Lucinae labores,
Verg. G. 4, 340:cor de labore pectus tundit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 63:hoc medicamentum sine magno labore cadere cogit haemorrhoidas,
Scrib. 227:litterarius, = opus,
Aug. Conf. 9, 2;id. cont. Jul. 6, 21: meos labores legere,
id. de Don. Pers. 68.—Of sickness: valetudo crescit, accrescit labor. Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 4:sulphurosi fontes labores nervorum reficiunt,
Vitr. 8, 3, 4.—Of danger:maximus autem earum (apium) labor est initio veris,
Col. 9, 13, 2.—Prov.:jucundi acti labores,
Cic. Fin. 2, 32, 105:suavis laborum est praeteritorum memoria,
id. ib. —Poet.a.Labores solis, eclipses of the sun, Verg. A. 1, 742 Forbig. ad loc.; so,b.defectus solis varios lunaeque labores,
id. G. 1, 478; Sil. 14, 378. —Of plants:3.hunc laborem perferre,
i. e. growth, Verg. G. 2, 343.—Personified: Lăbos, toil, in the lower world, Verg. A. 6, 277.—II.Meton., of the products of labor.a.Work, workmanship of an artist ( poet.):b.operum,
Verg. A. 1, 455:hic labor ille domūs,
id. ib. 6, 27:nec non Polycleti multus ubique labor,
Juv. 8, 104. —Of cultivated plants, crops, etc.:c.ruit arduus aether et pluvia ingenti sata laeta boumque labores Diluit,
Verg. G. 1, 325; cf.:haec cum sint hominumque boumque labores,
id. ib. 1, 118: Juppiter Grandine dilapidans hominumque boumque labores, Col. poët. 10, 330; Verg. A. 2, 284; 306.—Labores uteri, i. e. children, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 193. -
15 Labos
1.lābor, lapsus ( inf. parag. labier, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 94; part. labundus, Att. ap. Non. 504, 31; Trag. Fragm. v. 570 Rib.), 3, v. dep. n. [cf. lăbo; Sanscr. lamb- (ramb-), to glide, fall], to move gently along a smooth surface, to fall, slide; to slide, slip, or glide down, to fall down, to sink as the beginning of a fall; constr. absol., or with ad, in, inter, per, sub, super, ab, de, ex, or with abl. alone.I.Lit.A.In gen.1.Of living beings:2.non squamoso labuntur ventre cerastae,
Prop. 3 (4), 22, 27:per sinus crebros et magna volumina labens,
Ov. M. 15, 721:pigraque labatur circa donaria serpens,
Ov. Am. 2, 13, 13:ille inter vestes et levia pectora lapsus volvitur,
Verg. A. 7, 349: (angues) in diversum lapsi, Jul. Obseq. 119.—Of floating:ut rate felice pacata per aequora labar,
Ov. H. 10, 65:dum Stygio gurgite labor,
id. M. 5, 504:tua labens navita aqua,
Prop. 2, 26 (3, 21), 8.—Of flying:tollunt se celeres, liquidumque per aera lapsae,
Verg. A. 6, 202:vade, age, nate, voca Zephyros et labere pennis,
id. ib. 4, 223:pennis lapsa per auras,
Ov. M. 8, 51:labere, nympha, polo,
Verg. A. 11, 588.—Of sinking, slipping down:labor, io! cara lumina conde manu,
Ov. A. A. 7, 342:labitur infelix (equus),
Verg. G. 3, 498; cf. Luc. 5, 799:labitur exsanguis,
Verg. A. 11, 818; 5, 181:super terram,
Ov. M. 13, 477:equo,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 15:temone,
Verg. A. 12, 470 [p. 1024] limite, Luc. 9, 712:in vulnera,
id. 7, 604:in colla mariti,
Val. Fl. 2, 425:alieno vulnere,
Luc. 2, 265:in rivo,
Cic. Fat. 3, 5:pondere lapsi pectoris arma sonant,
Luc. 7, 572.—Of gliding upwards: celeri fuga sub sidera,
Verg. A. 3, 243.—Of things:B.splendida signa videntur labier,
Lucr. 4, 445; Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 42:umor in genas Furtim labitur,
Hor. C. 1, 13, 7:stellas Praecipites caelo labi,
Verg. G. 1, 366:perque genas lacrimae labuntur,
Ov. H. 7, 185; id. M. 2, 656:lapsi de fontibus amnes,
id. ib. 13, 954; cf.:catenae lapsae lacertis sponte sua,
id. ib. 3, 699:lapsuram domum subire,
about to tumble down, id. Ib. 511; Luc. 1, 25; cf.with cado: multa in silvis Lapsa cadunt folia,
Verg. A. 6, 310:ipsaque in Oceanum sidera lapsa cadunt,
Prop. 4 (5), 4, 64:lapsis repente saxis,
Tac. A. 4, 59:ab arbore ramus,
Ov. M. 3, 410.—Of the eyes, to fall, close:labentes, oculos condere,
Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 44:lumina,
Verg. A. 11, 818; Prop. 1, 10, 7; 2, 5, 17.—Transf.1.To glide away, glide along, slip or haste away: labitur uncta carina: volat super impetus undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.); so id. ap. Isid. Orig. 19, 1 (Ann. v. 476 Vahl.); cf.:2.labitur uncta vadis abies,
Verg. A. 8, 91; Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 31:sidera, quae vaga et mutabili ratione labuntur,
id. Univ. 10.—Esp., of a transition in discourse, to pass:a dispositione ad elocutionis praecepta labor,
Quint. 7, 10, 17.—To slip away, escape:II.lapsus custodiā,
Tac. A. 5, 10; 11, 31:e manibus custodientium lapsus,
Curt. 3, 13, 3; Prop. 1, 11, 5; Amm. 26, 3, 3.—Trop.A.In gen., to come or go gently or insensibly, to glide, glide or pass away:B.ilico res foras labitur,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 21:brevitate et celeritate syllabarum labi putat verba proclivius,
Cic. Or. 57; 56:sed labor longius, ad propositum revertor,
id. Div. 2, 37, 79; id. Leg. 1, 19, 52:labitur occulte fallitque volubilis aetas,
Ov. Am. 1, 8, 49:labi somnum sensit in artus,
id. M. 11, 631:nostro illius labatur pectore vultus,
Verg. E. 1, 64.—In partic.1.Of speech, to die away, be lost, not be heard (very rare):2.ne adjectae voces laberentur atque errarent,
Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 114; cf. Sil. 7, 745.—Of time, to glide, pass away, elapse:3.eheu fugaces labuntur anni,
Hor. C. 2, 14, 2:anni tacite labentis origo,
Ov. F. 1, 65:labentia tempora,
id. Tr. 3, 11; id. F. 6, 771; id. Tr. 4, 10, 27:aetas labitur,
Tib. 1, 8, 48; cf.: labente officio, when the attendance or service is ended, Juv. 6, 203.—Pregn., to sink, incline, begin to fall, go to ruin, perish: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus lapsa fortuna accidat, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.); cf.:4.cetera nasci, occidere, fluere, labi,
Cic. Or. 3, 10:labentem et prope cadentem rem publicam fulcire,
id. Phil. 2, 21, 51:equitem Romanum labentem excepit, fulsit, sustinuit,
id. Rab. Post. 16, 43; id. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 18, 2:sustinuit labentem aciem Antonius,
Tac. H. 3, 23:vidi labentes acies,
Prop. 4 (5), 2, 53:eo citius lapsa res est,
Liv. 3, 33: mores lapsi sunt, id. praef.; Tac. A. 6, 50:fides lapsa,
Ov. H. 2, 102:labentur opes,
will be lost, Tib. 1, 6, 53:res,
Lucr. 4, 1117:hereditas lapsa est,
Dig. 4, 4, 11, § 5.—To slip or fall away from a thing, to lose it: hac spe lapsus, deceived or disappointed in this hope, Caes. B. G. 5, 55, 3:5.hoc munere,
Sil. 7, 740:facultatibus,
to lose one's property, become poor, Dig. 27, 8, 2, § 11; 26, 7, 9, § 1:mente,
to lose one's senses, go mad, Cels. 5, 26, 13; Suet. Aug. 48; cf.:lapsae mentis error,
Val. Max. 5, 3, 2.—Hence, lapsus, a, um, ruined, unfortunate, Prop. 1, 1, 25. —To fall into or upon, to come or turn to:6.labor eo, ut assentiar Epicuro,
Cic. Ac. 2, 45, 139; id. Att. 4, 5, 2:ad opinionem,
id. Ac. 2, 45, 138:in adulationem,
Tac. A. 4, 6:in gaudia,
Val. Fl. 6, 662:in vitium,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 94.—To fall into error, to be mistaken, to err, mistake, commit a fault:7.labi, errare, nescire, decipi et malum et turpe ducimus,
Cic. Off. 1, 6, 18:in aliqua re labi et cadere,
id. Brut. 49, 185:in minimis tenuissimisque rebus,
id. de Or. 1, 37, 169; id. Fam. 2, 7, 1:lapsus est per errorem suum,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 8:consilio,... casu,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 6:propter inprudentiam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 3:in officio,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12:in verbo,
Ov. Am. 2, 8, 7:ne verbo quidem labi,
Plin. Ep. 2, 3:it vera ratione,
Lucr. 2, 176.—Esp., to fall away from the true faith, to become apostate (eccl. Lat.):2.lapsorum fratrum petulantia,
Cypr. Ep. 30, 1 al.lăbor (old form lăbos, like arbos, honos, etc., Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 35; id. Truc. 2, 6, 40; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6; Varr. ap. Non. 487, 13; Cat. 55, 13; Sall. C. 7, 5; id. J. 100, 4; cf. Quint. 1, 4, 13), ōris, m. [Sanscr. root rabh, to grasp, ā-rabh, to undertake; Gr. alph- in êlphon, earned, alphêma, wages; Germ. Arbeit], labor, toil, exertion (cf.: contentio, opera).I.Lit.:B.ut ingenium est omnium Hominum a labore proclive ad libidinem,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 51:haud existimans quanto labore partum,
id. Phorm. 1, 1, 12:interest aliquid inter laborem et dolorem: sunt finitima omnino, sed tamen differt aliquid. Labor est functio quaedam vel animi vel corporis, gravioris operis et muneris: dolor autem motus asper in corpore alienus a sensibus,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 35:corporis,
id. Cael. 17, 39:res est magni laboris,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:laborem sibi sumere et alteri imponere,
id. Mur. 18, 38:sumptum et laborem insumere in rem aliquam,
id. Inv. 2, 38, 113; cf. id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:multum operae laborisque consumere,
id. de Or. 1, 55, 234:laborem sustinere,
id. Att. 1, 17, 6:exantlare,
id. Ac. 2, 34, 108:suscipere,
id. Opt. Gen. Or. 5, 13:subire,
id. Att. 3, 15, 7:capere,
id. Rosc. Com. 16, 49:labores magnos excipere,
id. Brut. 69, 243:se in magnis laboribus exercere,
id. Arch. 11, 28:summi laboris esse,
capable of great exertion, Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 2:laborem levare alicui,
Cic. Or. 34, 120:detrahere,
id. Fam. 3, 6, 5:ex labore se reficere,
Caes. B. G. 3, 5; 5, 11:victus suppeditabatur sine labore,
Cic. Sest. 48, 103:non est quod existumes, ullam esse sine labore virtutem,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 25, 5; Suet. Ner. 52; Quint. 2, 12, 12; cf.:nullo labore,
Cic. Dom. 34, 91; id. Sest. 40, 87; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 51:quantum meruit labor,
Juv. 7, 216:reddere sua dona labori,
id. 16, 57:numerenter labores,
be valued, id. 9, 42.—In partic.1.Pregn., drudgery, hardship, fatigue, distress, trouble, pain, suffering (mostly poet. and late Lat.; syn. aerumna): decet id pati animo aequo;2.si id facietis, levior labos erit,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 2:propter meum caput labores homini evenisse optumo,
id. ib. 5, 1, 25:cum labore magno et misere vivere,
id. Aul. prol. 14; id. Ps. 2, 4, 2:hoc evenit in labore atque in dolore,
id. ib. 2, 3, 20:vel in labore meo vel in honore,
Cic. Fam. 15, 18:Iliacos audire labores,
Verg. A. 4, 78:mox et frumentis labor additus, ut mala culmos Esset rubigo,
id. G. 1, 150:belli labores,
id. A. 11, 126; cf. id. ib. 2, 619;12, 727: labor militiae,
Juv. 16, 52:castrorum labores,
id. 14, 198:Lucinae labores,
Verg. G. 4, 340:cor de labore pectus tundit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 63:hoc medicamentum sine magno labore cadere cogit haemorrhoidas,
Scrib. 227:litterarius, = opus,
Aug. Conf. 9, 2;id. cont. Jul. 6, 21: meos labores legere,
id. de Don. Pers. 68.—Of sickness: valetudo crescit, accrescit labor. Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 4:sulphurosi fontes labores nervorum reficiunt,
Vitr. 8, 3, 4.—Of danger:maximus autem earum (apium) labor est initio veris,
Col. 9, 13, 2.—Prov.:jucundi acti labores,
Cic. Fin. 2, 32, 105:suavis laborum est praeteritorum memoria,
id. ib. —Poet.a.Labores solis, eclipses of the sun, Verg. A. 1, 742 Forbig. ad loc.; so,b.defectus solis varios lunaeque labores,
id. G. 1, 478; Sil. 14, 378. —Of plants:3.hunc laborem perferre,
i. e. growth, Verg. G. 2, 343.—Personified: Lăbos, toil, in the lower world, Verg. A. 6, 277.—II.Meton., of the products of labor.a.Work, workmanship of an artist ( poet.):b.operum,
Verg. A. 1, 455:hic labor ille domūs,
id. ib. 6, 27:nec non Polycleti multus ubique labor,
Juv. 8, 104. —Of cultivated plants, crops, etc.:c.ruit arduus aether et pluvia ingenti sata laeta boumque labores Diluit,
Verg. G. 1, 325; cf.:haec cum sint hominumque boumque labores,
id. ib. 1, 118: Juppiter Grandine dilapidans hominumque boumque labores, Col. poët. 10, 330; Verg. A. 2, 284; 306.—Labores uteri, i. e. children, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 193. -
16 praesto
1.praestō (old collat. form praestū, acc. to Curtius Valerianus in Cassiod. p. 2289 P.: qui praestu sunt, Inscr. Carina Via Appia, 1, p. 217. In later time as adj.: prae-stus, a, um:I.bonorum officio praestus fui,
Inscr. Grut. 669, 4), adv. [dat. from praestus, a sup. form from prae, so that praesto esse alicui = to be or stand in the foremost place for or as respects one], at hand, ready, present, here; usually with esse (very freq. and class.).Lit.:II.ni tua propitia pax foret praesto,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 18: sed ubi est frater? Chaer. Praesto adest, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 20; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 120; so Att. Tr. 498:quod adest praesto in primis placet,
Lucr. 5, 1412; Lact. 3, 7, 10:sacrificiis omnibus praesto adesse,
id. 2, 16, 10;more freq., praesto esse: ibi mihi praesto fuit L. Lucilius,
Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1:togulae lictoribus ad portam praesto fuerunt,
id. Pis. 23, 55:tibi nulla fuit clementia praesto?
hadst thou no compassion? Cat. 64, 137: praesto esse, to arrive, appear:hirundines aestivo tempore praesto sunt,
Auct. Her. 4, 48, 61.—Without esse ( poet.):era, eccum praesto militem,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 1:ipsum adeo praesto video,
Ter. And. 2, 5, 4; Stat. Th. 6, 643.—In partic: praesto esse or adireA.To be at hand, to attend or wait upon, to serve, aid:B.ero meo ut omnibus locis sine praesto,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 26:jus civile didicit, praesto multis fuit,
Cic. Mur. 9, 19:praesto esse clientem tuum?
id. Att. 10, 8, 3:saluti tuae praesto esse, praesto esse virtutes ut ancillulas,
id. Fin. 2, 21, 69; id. Fam. 4, 14, 4:ut ad omnia, quae tui velint, ita assim praesto, ut, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 8, 1; id. Att. 4, 12, 1 fin.;also with videor,
id. ib. 4, 12, 1 fin. —With adire:pauper erit praesto semper tibi, pauper adibit primus,
will be at hand, at your service, Tib. 1, 5, 61.—With esse, to present one's self in a hostile manner, to resist, oppose:2.si quis mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus,
Cic. Caecin. 30, 87:quaestores cum fascibus mihi praesto fuerunt,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 11.prae-sto, ĭti (post-class. also praestāvi), ātum or ĭtum, 1, v. n. and a.I. A.Lit.:B.dum primae praestant acies,
Luc. 4, 30.—Trop., to stand out, be superior, to distinguish one's self, to be excellent, distinguished, admirable; constr. alicui aliquā re, alicui rei, in aliquā re, or absol. (class.):2.cum virtute omnibus praestarent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3:quantum praestiterint nostri majores prudentiā ceteris gentibus,
Cic. de Or. 1, 44, 192:quā re homines bestiis praestent,
id. Inv. 1, 4, 5:hoc praestat amicitia propinquitati, quod, etc.,
id. Lael. 5, 19:Zeuxin muliebri in corpore pingendo plurimum aliis praestare,
id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:ceteris,
id. Ac. 1, 4, 16:suos inter aequales longe praestitit,
id. Brut. 64, 230:omnes homines, qui sese student praestare ceteris animalibus,
Sall. C. 1, 1:praestare honestam mortem existimans turpi vitae,
Nep. Chabr. 4, 3:quantum ceteris praestet Lucretia,
Liv. 1, 57, 7:cernere, quantum eques Latinus Romano praestet,
id. 8, 7, 7:quantum vel vir viro vel gens genti praestat!
id. 31, 7, 8:genere militum praestare tironibus,
id. 42, 52, 10:tantum Romana in bellis gloria ceteris praestat,
Quint. 1, 10, 14:qui eloquentiā ceteris praestet,
id. 2, 3, 5; 2, 16, 17; Curt. 8, 14, 13; Just. 18, 3, 14; 28, 2, 11; 44, 3, 9:sacro, quod praestat, peracto,
Juv. 12, 86:probro atque petulantiā maxume praestabant,
were pre-eminent, distinguished themselves, Sall. C. 37, 5:truculentiā caeli praestat Germania,
Tac. A. 2, 24:cur alias aliis praestare videmus Pondere res rebus?
Lucr. 1, 358.—Praestat, with a subjectclause, it is preferable or better:II.nimio impendiosum praestat te, quam ingratum dicier,
it is much better, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 12:mori milies praestitit, quam haec pati,
it was better, Cic. Att. 14, 9, 2:praestare dicunt, Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre,
it is better, Caes. B. G. 1, 17:motos praestat componere fluctus,
Verg. A. 1, 135; 3, 429; 6, 39.Act.A.To surpass, outstrip, exceed, [p. 1431] excel (not in Cic. or Cæs.; constr. usually aliquem aliquā re): qui primus in alterutrā re praestet alios, Varr. ap. Non. 502, 23; Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 10; 3, 1, 3:B.quantum Galli virtute ceteros mortales praestarent,
Liv. 5, 36, 4:qui belli gloriā Gallos omnes Belgasque praestabant,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 6:praestate virtute peditem, ut honore atque ordine praestatis,
Liv. 3, 61, 7:ut vetustate et gradu honoris nos praestent,
id. 7, 30, 4; 34, 34, 14; 37, 30, 2:praestat ingenio alius alium,
Quint. 1, 1, 3; Val. Max. 3, 2, 21; 3, 2, ext. 7;7, 2, 17: honore ceteros,
Nep. Att. 18, 5; 3, 3; id. Reg. 3, 5:imperatores prudentiā,
id. Hann. 1, 1:eloquentiā omnes eo tempore,
id. Epam. 6, 1.—Only aliquem, Stat. Th. 4, 838.—To become surety for, to answer or vouch for, to warrant, be responsible for, to take upon one's self, etc. (class.):C.ut omnes ministros imperii tui rei publicae praestare videare,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3:quem tamen ego praestare non poteram,
id. Att. 6, 3, 5:quanto magis arduum est alios praestare quam se, tanto laudabilius,
Plin. Pan. 83:communem incertumque casum neque vitare quisquam nostrum, nec praestare ullo pacto potest,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3: simus eā mente ut nihil in vitā nobis praestandum praeter culpam putemus, that we need only answer for guilt, i. e. keep ourselves clear of guilt, id. ib. 6, 1, 4:impetus populi praestare nemo potest,
no one can be held to answer for the outbreaks of the people, id. de Or. 2, 28, 124:periculum judicii,
id. Mur. 2, 3:damnum alicui,
id. Off. 3, 16:invidiam,
id. Sest. 28, 61:nihil,
to be responsible for nothing, id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3; cf. in pass.:cum id, quod ab homine non potuerit praestari, evenerit,
what none could vouch for that it would not happen, id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34. —With ab aliquā re:ego tibi a vi praestare nihil possum,
Cic. Fam. 1, 4, 3.—With de:quod de te sperare, de me praestare possum,
Cic. Fam. 4, 15, 2.—With an objectclause:quis potest praestare, semper sapientem beatum fore, cum, etc.?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 29; cf.:(praedones) nullos fore, quis praestare poterat?
id. Fl. 12, 28:meliorem praesto magistro Discipulum,
Juv. 14, 212.—With ut:illius lacrimae praestant ut veniam culpae non abnuat Osiris,
Juv. 6, 539.—In gen., to fulfil, discharge, maintain, perform, execute:2.arbitramur nos ea praestitisse, quae ratio et doctrina praescripserit,
Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 7:ultima exspectato, quae ego tibi et jucunda et honesta praestabo,
id. Fam. 7, 17, 2:suum munus,
id. de Or. 2, 9, 38:hospitii et amicitiae jus officiumque,
id. Fam. 14, 4, 2:ne quem ejus paeniteret, praestiti,
I took care, exerted myself, Liv. 30, 30; Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 19:quamcumque ei fidem dederis, ego praestabo,
I will fulfil, keep the promise, Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 2:fidem alicui,
Liv. 30, 15:pacem cum iis populus Romanus non ab se tantum, sed ab rege etiam Masinissa praestitit,
maintained, id. 40, 34:tributa,
to pay, Juv. 3, 188:annua,
id. 6, 480:triplicem usuram,
id. 9, 7.— Pass.:promissum id benignius est ab rege quam praestitum,
Liv. 43, 18, 11:mea tibi tamen benevolentia fidesque praestabitur,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; so,quibus (victoribus) senatūs fides praestabitur,
id. Phil. 14, 11, 30:virtus vetat spectare fortunam dum praestetur fides,
id. Div. 2, 37, 79:ni praestaretur fides publica,
Liv. 2, 28, 7.—In partic.a.To keep, preserve, maintain, retain:b.pueri, quibus videmur praestare rem publicam debuisse,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 5; Ov. M. 11, 748:omnes socios salvos praestare poteramus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55:mors omnia praestat Vitalem praeter sensum calidumque vaporem,
Lucr. 3, 214. —To show, exhibit, to prove, evince, manifest:c.Pomptinius praestat tibi memoriam benevolentiamque, quam debet,
Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3:neque hercule in iis ipsis rebus eam voluntatem, quam exspectaram, praestiterunt,
id. ib. 1, 9, 5:virtutem,
Caes. B. G. 2, 27:benevolentiam,
Cic. Att. 11, 1, 1:consilium suum fidemque,
id. de Or. 3, 33, 134. —With se, to show, prove, or behave one's self as: praesta te eum, qui, etc., show thyself such, as, etc., Cic. Fam. 1, 6, 2:se incolumem,
Lucr. 3, 220:se invictum,
Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 104:teque praesta constanter ad omne Indeclinatae munus amicitiae,
show thyself constant, id. ib. 4, 5, 23:Victoria nunc quoque se praestet,
show itself, id. ib. 2, 169: sed ne ad illam quidem artissimam innocentiae formulam praestare nos possumus, prove ourselves innocent even according to that rule, Sen. Ira, 2, 28, 1:juris periti consultatoribus se praestabant,
showed themselves accessible, Dig. 1, 2, 2.— Poet.:vel magnum praestet Achillem,
should show, prove, approve himself a great Achilles, Verg. A. 11, 438.—To show, exhibit, manifest:d.honorem debitum patri,
Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 12:fratri pietatem,
id. Brut. 33, 126:virtutem et diligentiam alicui,
id. Fam. 14, 3, 2:frequentiam et officium alicui honores petenti,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 50:obsequium,
Sen. Q. N. 2, 59, 8:sedulitatem alicui rei,
to apply, Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 6.—To give, offer, furnish, present, expose:A.alicui certam summam pecuniae,
Suet. Dom. 9: cervicem, Sen. ap. Diom. p. 362 P.:caput fulminibus,
to expose, Luc. 5, 770:Hiberus praestat nomen terris,
id. 4, 23:anser praestat ex se pullos atque plumam,
Col. 8, 13:cum senatui sententiam praestaret,
gave his vote, Cic. Pis. 32, 80:terga hosti,
to turn one's back to the enemy, to flee, Tac. Agr. 37:voluptatem perpetuam sapienti,
to assume, Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 89.— Pass.:pueri, quibus id (biduum) praestabatur,
was devoted, Quint. 1, prooem. § 7; cf.:corpus, cui omnia olim tamquam servo praestabantur, nunc tamquam domino parantur,
Sen. Ep. 90, 19.—Hence, praestans, antis, P. a., pre-eminent, superior, excellent, distinguished, extraordinary.In gen. (class.).1.Of persons:2.omnibus praestans et ingenio et diligentiā,
far surpassing all, Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 22:usu et sapientiā praestantes,
noted for their experience and wisdom, Nep. Timoth. 3, 2.— Comp.:virginibus praestantior omnibus Herse,
superior to all, Ov. M. 2, 724.— Sup.:in illis artibus praestantissimus,
Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 217:praestantissimi studio atque doctrinā,
id. Ac. 1, 4, 17.—With gen.:o praestans animi juvenis,
distinguished for courage, Verg. A. 12, 19:belli,
Sil. 5, 92:armorum,
Stat. Th. 1, 605:praestantissimus sapientiae,
Tac. A. 6, 6.— Poet., with objectclause:quo non praestantior alter Aere ciere viros,
whom no other excelled in rousing the men, Verg. A. 6, 164.—Of things, pre-eminent, excellent, remarkable, extraordinary, distinguished:B.praestanti corpore Nymphae,
Verg. A. 1, 71:praestanti corpore tauri,
id. G. 4, 550:formā,
id. A. 7, 483:naturā excellens atque praestans,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:qui a te tractatus est praestanti et singulari fide,
id. Fam. 3, 10, 3:praestans prudentiā in omnibus,
Nep. Alc. 5, 1; Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:quid praestantius mihi potuit accidere?
id. Vatin. 3, 8.—In partic.1.Efficacious:2.medicina,
Plin. 13, 24, 47, § 130:usus praestantior,
id. 18, 13, 34, § 126:calamus praestantior odore,
id. 12, 22, 48, § 105:sucus sapore praestantissimus,
id. 15, 1, 2, § 5:praestantissima auxilia,
id. 27, 13, 120, § 146.—Sup.:Praestantissimus,
a title of the later emperors, Nazar. 26; Tert. Cor. Mil. 1.— Hence, adv.: praestanter, excellently, admirably (post-Aug.); sup.:praestantissime,
Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 186. -
17 praestu
1.praestō (old collat. form praestū, acc. to Curtius Valerianus in Cassiod. p. 2289 P.: qui praestu sunt, Inscr. Carina Via Appia, 1, p. 217. In later time as adj.: prae-stus, a, um:I.bonorum officio praestus fui,
Inscr. Grut. 669, 4), adv. [dat. from praestus, a sup. form from prae, so that praesto esse alicui = to be or stand in the foremost place for or as respects one], at hand, ready, present, here; usually with esse (very freq. and class.).Lit.:II.ni tua propitia pax foret praesto,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 18: sed ubi est frater? Chaer. Praesto adest, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 20; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 120; so Att. Tr. 498:quod adest praesto in primis placet,
Lucr. 5, 1412; Lact. 3, 7, 10:sacrificiis omnibus praesto adesse,
id. 2, 16, 10;more freq., praesto esse: ibi mihi praesto fuit L. Lucilius,
Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1:togulae lictoribus ad portam praesto fuerunt,
id. Pis. 23, 55:tibi nulla fuit clementia praesto?
hadst thou no compassion? Cat. 64, 137: praesto esse, to arrive, appear:hirundines aestivo tempore praesto sunt,
Auct. Her. 4, 48, 61.—Without esse ( poet.):era, eccum praesto militem,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 1:ipsum adeo praesto video,
Ter. And. 2, 5, 4; Stat. Th. 6, 643.—In partic: praesto esse or adireA.To be at hand, to attend or wait upon, to serve, aid:B.ero meo ut omnibus locis sine praesto,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 26:jus civile didicit, praesto multis fuit,
Cic. Mur. 9, 19:praesto esse clientem tuum?
id. Att. 10, 8, 3:saluti tuae praesto esse, praesto esse virtutes ut ancillulas,
id. Fin. 2, 21, 69; id. Fam. 4, 14, 4:ut ad omnia, quae tui velint, ita assim praesto, ut, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 8, 1; id. Att. 4, 12, 1 fin.;also with videor,
id. ib. 4, 12, 1 fin. —With adire:pauper erit praesto semper tibi, pauper adibit primus,
will be at hand, at your service, Tib. 1, 5, 61.—With esse, to present one's self in a hostile manner, to resist, oppose:2.si quis mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus,
Cic. Caecin. 30, 87:quaestores cum fascibus mihi praesto fuerunt,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 11.prae-sto, ĭti (post-class. also praestāvi), ātum or ĭtum, 1, v. n. and a.I. A.Lit.:B.dum primae praestant acies,
Luc. 4, 30.—Trop., to stand out, be superior, to distinguish one's self, to be excellent, distinguished, admirable; constr. alicui aliquā re, alicui rei, in aliquā re, or absol. (class.):2.cum virtute omnibus praestarent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3:quantum praestiterint nostri majores prudentiā ceteris gentibus,
Cic. de Or. 1, 44, 192:quā re homines bestiis praestent,
id. Inv. 1, 4, 5:hoc praestat amicitia propinquitati, quod, etc.,
id. Lael. 5, 19:Zeuxin muliebri in corpore pingendo plurimum aliis praestare,
id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:ceteris,
id. Ac. 1, 4, 16:suos inter aequales longe praestitit,
id. Brut. 64, 230:omnes homines, qui sese student praestare ceteris animalibus,
Sall. C. 1, 1:praestare honestam mortem existimans turpi vitae,
Nep. Chabr. 4, 3:quantum ceteris praestet Lucretia,
Liv. 1, 57, 7:cernere, quantum eques Latinus Romano praestet,
id. 8, 7, 7:quantum vel vir viro vel gens genti praestat!
id. 31, 7, 8:genere militum praestare tironibus,
id. 42, 52, 10:tantum Romana in bellis gloria ceteris praestat,
Quint. 1, 10, 14:qui eloquentiā ceteris praestet,
id. 2, 3, 5; 2, 16, 17; Curt. 8, 14, 13; Just. 18, 3, 14; 28, 2, 11; 44, 3, 9:sacro, quod praestat, peracto,
Juv. 12, 86:probro atque petulantiā maxume praestabant,
were pre-eminent, distinguished themselves, Sall. C. 37, 5:truculentiā caeli praestat Germania,
Tac. A. 2, 24:cur alias aliis praestare videmus Pondere res rebus?
Lucr. 1, 358.—Praestat, with a subjectclause, it is preferable or better:II.nimio impendiosum praestat te, quam ingratum dicier,
it is much better, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 12:mori milies praestitit, quam haec pati,
it was better, Cic. Att. 14, 9, 2:praestare dicunt, Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre,
it is better, Caes. B. G. 1, 17:motos praestat componere fluctus,
Verg. A. 1, 135; 3, 429; 6, 39.Act.A.To surpass, outstrip, exceed, [p. 1431] excel (not in Cic. or Cæs.; constr. usually aliquem aliquā re): qui primus in alterutrā re praestet alios, Varr. ap. Non. 502, 23; Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 10; 3, 1, 3:B.quantum Galli virtute ceteros mortales praestarent,
Liv. 5, 36, 4:qui belli gloriā Gallos omnes Belgasque praestabant,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 6:praestate virtute peditem, ut honore atque ordine praestatis,
Liv. 3, 61, 7:ut vetustate et gradu honoris nos praestent,
id. 7, 30, 4; 34, 34, 14; 37, 30, 2:praestat ingenio alius alium,
Quint. 1, 1, 3; Val. Max. 3, 2, 21; 3, 2, ext. 7;7, 2, 17: honore ceteros,
Nep. Att. 18, 5; 3, 3; id. Reg. 3, 5:imperatores prudentiā,
id. Hann. 1, 1:eloquentiā omnes eo tempore,
id. Epam. 6, 1.—Only aliquem, Stat. Th. 4, 838.—To become surety for, to answer or vouch for, to warrant, be responsible for, to take upon one's self, etc. (class.):C.ut omnes ministros imperii tui rei publicae praestare videare,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3:quem tamen ego praestare non poteram,
id. Att. 6, 3, 5:quanto magis arduum est alios praestare quam se, tanto laudabilius,
Plin. Pan. 83:communem incertumque casum neque vitare quisquam nostrum, nec praestare ullo pacto potest,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3: simus eā mente ut nihil in vitā nobis praestandum praeter culpam putemus, that we need only answer for guilt, i. e. keep ourselves clear of guilt, id. ib. 6, 1, 4:impetus populi praestare nemo potest,
no one can be held to answer for the outbreaks of the people, id. de Or. 2, 28, 124:periculum judicii,
id. Mur. 2, 3:damnum alicui,
id. Off. 3, 16:invidiam,
id. Sest. 28, 61:nihil,
to be responsible for nothing, id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3; cf. in pass.:cum id, quod ab homine non potuerit praestari, evenerit,
what none could vouch for that it would not happen, id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34. —With ab aliquā re:ego tibi a vi praestare nihil possum,
Cic. Fam. 1, 4, 3.—With de:quod de te sperare, de me praestare possum,
Cic. Fam. 4, 15, 2.—With an objectclause:quis potest praestare, semper sapientem beatum fore, cum, etc.?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 29; cf.:(praedones) nullos fore, quis praestare poterat?
id. Fl. 12, 28:meliorem praesto magistro Discipulum,
Juv. 14, 212.—With ut:illius lacrimae praestant ut veniam culpae non abnuat Osiris,
Juv. 6, 539.—In gen., to fulfil, discharge, maintain, perform, execute:2.arbitramur nos ea praestitisse, quae ratio et doctrina praescripserit,
Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 7:ultima exspectato, quae ego tibi et jucunda et honesta praestabo,
id. Fam. 7, 17, 2:suum munus,
id. de Or. 2, 9, 38:hospitii et amicitiae jus officiumque,
id. Fam. 14, 4, 2:ne quem ejus paeniteret, praestiti,
I took care, exerted myself, Liv. 30, 30; Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 19:quamcumque ei fidem dederis, ego praestabo,
I will fulfil, keep the promise, Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 2:fidem alicui,
Liv. 30, 15:pacem cum iis populus Romanus non ab se tantum, sed ab rege etiam Masinissa praestitit,
maintained, id. 40, 34:tributa,
to pay, Juv. 3, 188:annua,
id. 6, 480:triplicem usuram,
id. 9, 7.— Pass.:promissum id benignius est ab rege quam praestitum,
Liv. 43, 18, 11:mea tibi tamen benevolentia fidesque praestabitur,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; so,quibus (victoribus) senatūs fides praestabitur,
id. Phil. 14, 11, 30:virtus vetat spectare fortunam dum praestetur fides,
id. Div. 2, 37, 79:ni praestaretur fides publica,
Liv. 2, 28, 7.—In partic.a.To keep, preserve, maintain, retain:b.pueri, quibus videmur praestare rem publicam debuisse,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 5; Ov. M. 11, 748:omnes socios salvos praestare poteramus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55:mors omnia praestat Vitalem praeter sensum calidumque vaporem,
Lucr. 3, 214. —To show, exhibit, to prove, evince, manifest:c.Pomptinius praestat tibi memoriam benevolentiamque, quam debet,
Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3:neque hercule in iis ipsis rebus eam voluntatem, quam exspectaram, praestiterunt,
id. ib. 1, 9, 5:virtutem,
Caes. B. G. 2, 27:benevolentiam,
Cic. Att. 11, 1, 1:consilium suum fidemque,
id. de Or. 3, 33, 134. —With se, to show, prove, or behave one's self as: praesta te eum, qui, etc., show thyself such, as, etc., Cic. Fam. 1, 6, 2:se incolumem,
Lucr. 3, 220:se invictum,
Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 104:teque praesta constanter ad omne Indeclinatae munus amicitiae,
show thyself constant, id. ib. 4, 5, 23:Victoria nunc quoque se praestet,
show itself, id. ib. 2, 169: sed ne ad illam quidem artissimam innocentiae formulam praestare nos possumus, prove ourselves innocent even according to that rule, Sen. Ira, 2, 28, 1:juris periti consultatoribus se praestabant,
showed themselves accessible, Dig. 1, 2, 2.— Poet.:vel magnum praestet Achillem,
should show, prove, approve himself a great Achilles, Verg. A. 11, 438.—To show, exhibit, manifest:d.honorem debitum patri,
Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 12:fratri pietatem,
id. Brut. 33, 126:virtutem et diligentiam alicui,
id. Fam. 14, 3, 2:frequentiam et officium alicui honores petenti,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 50:obsequium,
Sen. Q. N. 2, 59, 8:sedulitatem alicui rei,
to apply, Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 6.—To give, offer, furnish, present, expose:A.alicui certam summam pecuniae,
Suet. Dom. 9: cervicem, Sen. ap. Diom. p. 362 P.:caput fulminibus,
to expose, Luc. 5, 770:Hiberus praestat nomen terris,
id. 4, 23:anser praestat ex se pullos atque plumam,
Col. 8, 13:cum senatui sententiam praestaret,
gave his vote, Cic. Pis. 32, 80:terga hosti,
to turn one's back to the enemy, to flee, Tac. Agr. 37:voluptatem perpetuam sapienti,
to assume, Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 89.— Pass.:pueri, quibus id (biduum) praestabatur,
was devoted, Quint. 1, prooem. § 7; cf.:corpus, cui omnia olim tamquam servo praestabantur, nunc tamquam domino parantur,
Sen. Ep. 90, 19.—Hence, praestans, antis, P. a., pre-eminent, superior, excellent, distinguished, extraordinary.In gen. (class.).1.Of persons:2.omnibus praestans et ingenio et diligentiā,
far surpassing all, Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 22:usu et sapientiā praestantes,
noted for their experience and wisdom, Nep. Timoth. 3, 2.— Comp.:virginibus praestantior omnibus Herse,
superior to all, Ov. M. 2, 724.— Sup.:in illis artibus praestantissimus,
Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 217:praestantissimi studio atque doctrinā,
id. Ac. 1, 4, 17.—With gen.:o praestans animi juvenis,
distinguished for courage, Verg. A. 12, 19:belli,
Sil. 5, 92:armorum,
Stat. Th. 1, 605:praestantissimus sapientiae,
Tac. A. 6, 6.— Poet., with objectclause:quo non praestantior alter Aere ciere viros,
whom no other excelled in rousing the men, Verg. A. 6, 164.—Of things, pre-eminent, excellent, remarkable, extraordinary, distinguished:B.praestanti corpore Nymphae,
Verg. A. 1, 71:praestanti corpore tauri,
id. G. 4, 550:formā,
id. A. 7, 483:naturā excellens atque praestans,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:qui a te tractatus est praestanti et singulari fide,
id. Fam. 3, 10, 3:praestans prudentiā in omnibus,
Nep. Alc. 5, 1; Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:quid praestantius mihi potuit accidere?
id. Vatin. 3, 8.—In partic.1.Efficacious:2.medicina,
Plin. 13, 24, 47, § 130:usus praestantior,
id. 18, 13, 34, § 126:calamus praestantior odore,
id. 12, 22, 48, § 105:sucus sapore praestantissimus,
id. 15, 1, 2, § 5:praestantissima auxilia,
id. 27, 13, 120, § 146.—Sup.:Praestantissimus,
a title of the later emperors, Nazar. 26; Tert. Cor. Mil. 1.— Hence, adv.: praestanter, excellently, admirably (post-Aug.); sup.:praestantissime,
Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 186. -
18 procacitas
prŏcācĭtas, ātis, f. [id.], boldness, shamelessness, impudence (class.):itaque a petendo petulantia, a procando, id est poscendo, procacitas nominata est,
Cic. Rep. 4, 6, 19 (ap. Non. 23, 19):procacitatem alicujus coërcere,
Nep. Timol. 5, 2:procacitatis et petulantiae certamen,
Tac. H. 3, 11:lepida,
Mart. 2, 41, 17:galli gallinacei,
lechery, Col. 8, 2, 15. -
19 protervitas
prŏtervĭtas, ātis, f. [id.], pertness, sauciness, boldness, impudence (class.): protervitas levior est quaedam contumelia, procacitas major, petulantia maxima, Don. Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 10: coërcere protervitatem, Pac. ap. Non. 121, 15 (protervitates, acc. to Fest. s. v. redhostire, p. 270 Müll.); Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 10; Cic. Cael. 12, 29:urit me Glycerae nitor, Urit grata protervitas,
forwardness, wantonness, Hor. C. 1, 19, 7. -
20 pudor
pŭdor, ōris, m. [pudeo], shame, a sense of shame, shamefacedness, shyness; modesty, decency, good manners, propriety, etc. (the general idea, while pudicitia is the particular one).I.Lit.:II.ibi eos pudor deserit,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 1, 1; id. Am. 2, 2, 210:patris,
before a father, Ter. And. 1, 5, 27:pudor deūm,
Sil. 1, 58:ex hac parte pugnat pudor, illinc petulantia: hinc pudicitia, illinc stuprum,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 25:ut pudorem rubor, terrorem pallor consequatur,
id. Tusc. 4, 8, 19:moderator cupiditatis pudor,
id. Fin. 2, 34, 113:adulescentuli modestissimi pudor,
id. Planc. 11, 27:pudore a dicendo et timiditate ingenua refugisti,
id. de Or. 2, 3, 10; Plin. 19, 8, 43, § 152: civium, respect for one's fellow-citizens, Enn. ap. Non. 160, 6 (Trag. v. 369 Vahl.):famae,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 6, 14:pudore fractus,
id. Tusc. 2, 21, 48; cf.:quem paupertatis pudor et fuga tenet,
shame on account of poverty, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 24:stultorum incurata pudor malus ulcera celat,
id. ib. 1, 16, 24:pudor ignominiae maritimae,
Liv. 35, 27:adeo omnia regebat pudor,
id. 5, 46:quae tibi membra pudorem Abstulerunt,
Ov. M. 6, 616:defunctae pudorem tueri,
honor, Plin. Ep. 5, 1, 6:pudor est promissa precesque (meas) referre,
I am ashamed, Ov. M. 14, 18:sit pudor,
be ashamed! for shame! Mart. 8, 3, 3; 8, 64, 15; 11, 50, 11:omnium qui tecum sunt pudor,
sense of propriety, scrupulousness, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6, § 18; Quint. 8, 3, 39:si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit,
Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28:pudor Curioni suadet ut, etc.,
Flor. 4, 2, 34.—Transf.A.Shame, a cause for shame, ignominy, disgrace (not in Cic.):B.vulgare alicujus pudorem,
Ov. H. 11, 79:turpique onerata pudore,
id. M. 11, 180:amicitia, quae impetrata, gloriae sibi, non pudori sit,
should not be a disgrace, Liv. 34, 58:ne tibi pudori essem,
Liv. 40, 15:o notam materni pudoris,
Just. 3, 4:pro pudor!
oh shame! Petr. 81; Stat. Th. 10, 874; Mart. 10, 68, 6; so,o pudor,
Val. Fl. 8, 267; Flor. 2, 6, 30.—A blush:desit famosis quae notet ora pudor,
Ov. Am. 3, 6, 78; so, in gen., a redness of the skin, Claud. Nupt. Hon. et Mar. 268; cf. pudoricolor.
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