pay+attention

λύχνος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, TestSol, TestAbr, TestJob; TestSim 8:4; ParJer 9:14 [Christ.]; Just., D. 10, 1) lamp (of metal or clay [Artem. 2, 9 p. 96, 20f λύχνος χαλκοῦς, ὀστράκινος].—Oil-burning: Posidonius: 87 Fgm. 94 Jac.; Diod S 1, 34, 11; Chariton 1, 1, 15; PGM 7, 359–64. S. λυχνία.—λυχνία beside λύχνος: Artem. 1, 74 p. 67, 12; IKos 36d, 7; 8; TestAbr B p. 109, 19 [Stone p. 66]; TestJob 32:9; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 296 καίεσθαι λύχνους ἐπὶ τῆς λυχνίας; Jos., Bell. 7, 429, Ant. 3, 182; 199)

ⓐ lit. Lk 11:36; GPt 5:18. φῶς λύχνου (Chariton 1, 1, 15; M. Ant. 12, 15) light of a lamp Rv 22:5; cp. 18:23; ἔρχεται ὁ λ. a lamp is brought in Mk 4:21; καίειν λ. Mt 5:15 (Paus. 3, 17, 8 τὸν καιόμενον λύχνον). λ. ἅπτειν light a lamp (ἅπτω 1.—As a symbol of someth. out of place Paroem. Gr.: Diogenian 6, 27 λ. ἐν μεσημβρίᾳ ἅπτειν. Likew. an unknown comic poet: Fgm. 721 K.) Lk 8:16; 11:33; 15:8. φαί̣ν̣[ων] οὐ λύχνῳ illumined without a lamp AcPl Ha 3, 28f.—Use of the lamp as a symbol: ἔστωσαν ὑμῶν … οἱ λύχνοι καιόμενοι Lk 12:35 (Artem. 2, 9 λ. καιόμενος); cp. D 16:1. The Baptist as ὁ λύχνος ὁ καιόμενος κ. φαίνων J 5:35 (of Christ ὁ ἄσβεστος λ. ParJer 9:14). The believers are to pay attention to the prophetic word ὡς λύχνῳ φαίνοντι 2 Pt 1:19 (cp. Ps 118:105 λύχνος … ὁ λόγος σοῦ).

ⓑ as metaph. (Lycophron vs. 422 λύχνοι are the eyes as vs. 846 λαμπτήρ an eye) ὁ λ. τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν ὁ ὀφθαλμός the lamp of the body is the eye Mt 6:22; Lk 11:34 (FSchwencke, ZWT 55, 1913, 251–60; WBrandt, ZNW 14, 1913, 97–116; 177–201; BBacon, Exp. 8th ser., 7, 1913, 275–88; JDerrett, Law in the NT, ’70, 189–207; GSchneider, Das Bildwort von der Lampe etc., ZNW 61, ’70, 183–209.—Further lit. s.v. ἁπλοῦς). Of the Spirit of God λ. ἐρευνῶν τὰ ταμιεῖα τῆς γαστρός 1 Cl 21:2 (Pr 20:27 A). Of the heavenly Jerusalem ὁ λ. αὐτῆς τὸ ἀρνίον Rv 21:23.—KGalling, D. Beleuchtungsgeräte im isr.-jüd. Kulturgebiet: ZDPV 46, 1923, 1–50; RSmith, BA 27, ’64, 1–31, 101–24; 29, ’66, 2–27.—B. 484; Pauly-W. XIII 1566ff; Kl. Pauly III 478ff. OEANE III 326–30. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

μᾶλλον (comp. of the adv. μάλα; Hom.+) ‘more, rather’

① to a greater or higher degree, more Phil 1:12. πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἔκραζεν he cried out even more loudly Mk 10:48; Lk 18:39. ἔτι μᾶλλον καὶ μᾶλλον more and more (cp. Diog. L. 9, 10, 2) Phil 1:9; Hs 9, 1, 8. ἐγὼ μᾶλλον I can do so even more Phil 3:4. The thing compared is introduced by ἤ (Apollon. Paradox. 9; Appian, Iber. 90 §392; Lucian, Adv. Ind. 2) Mt 18:13 or stands in the gen. of comparison (X., Mem. 4, 3, 8, Cyr. 3, 3, 45) πάντων ὑμῶν μ. γλώσσαις λαλῶ I (can) speak in tongues more than you all 1 Cor 14:18 (Just., A I, 12, 1 πάντων μᾶλλον ἀνθρώπων).—Abs. μ. can mean to a greater degree (than before), even more, now more than ever Lk 5:15; J 5:18; 19:8; Ac 5:14; 22:2; 2 Cor 7:7. Somet. it is also added to verbs: Σαῦλος μ. ἐνεδυναμοῦτο Ac 9:22.—In combination w. an adj. it takes the place of the comparative (Hom. et al.; Just., D. 107, 2 γενεὰν … μοιχαλίδα μ.; Synes., Ep. 123 p. 259d μ. ἄξιος) μακάριόν ἐστιν μᾶλλον Ac 20:35 (s. 3c below). καλόν ἐστιν αὐτῷ μᾶλλον Mk 9:42; cp. 1 Cor 9:15. πολλῷ μ. ἀναγκαῖά ἐστιν they are even more necessary 1 Cor 12:22. πολλὰ τ. τέκνα τῆς ἐρήμου μᾶλλον ἢ τῆς ἐχούσης τ. ἄνδρα the children of the desolate woman are numerous to a higher degree than (the children) of the woman who has a husband = the children are more numerous Gal 4:27 (Is 54:1).—Pleonastically w. words and expressions that already contain the idea ‘more’ (Kühner-G. I 26; OSchwab, Histor. Syntax der griech. Komparation III 1895, 59ff; B-D-F §246; Rob. 278) μ. διαφέρειν τινός Mt 6:26; Lk 12:24. περισσεύειν μᾶλλον 1 Th 4:1, 10; w. a comp. (Trag.; Hdt. 1, 32; X., Cyr. 2, 2, 12; Dio Chrys. 23 [40], 17; 32 [49], 14; Lucian, Gall. 13; Ps.-Lucian, Charid. 6; Just., A I, 19, 1 and D. 121, 2; Synes., Ep. 79 p. 227c; 103 p. 241d) πολλῷ μᾶλλον κρεῖσσον Phil 1:23. μᾶλλον περισσότερον ἐκήρυσσον Mk 7:36. περισσοτέρως μᾶλλον ἐχάρημεν we rejoiced still more 2 Cor 7:13. μ. ἐνδοξότεροι Hs 9, 28, 4. ὅσῳ δοκεῖ μ. μείζων εἶναι the more he seems to be great 1 Cl 48:6b.

② for a better reason, rather, all the more

ⓐ rather, sooner (ApcMos 31 ἀνάστα μ., εὖξαι τῷ θεῷ) μ. χρῆσαι (X., Mem. 1, 2, 24) rather take advantage of it (i.e. either freedom or slavery) 1 Cor 7:21 (lit. on χράομαι 1a). The slaves who have Christian masters μᾶλλον δουλευέτωσαν should render them all the better service (so REB, NRSV) 1 Ti 6:2. νῦν πολλῷ μ. ἐν τ. ἀπουσίᾳ μου much more in my absence Phil 2:12. οὐ πολὺ μ. ὑποταγησόμεθα τ. πατρί; should we not much rather submit to the Father? Hb 12:9. τοσούτῳ μ. ὅσῳ all the more, since 10:25.

ⓑ more (surely), more (certainly) πόσῳ μ. σοί how much more surely to you Phlm 16. πόσῳ μ. ὑμᾶς … ἐξεγείρει how much more will he raise you up (vivid use of the pres.) AcPlCor 2:31. πολλῷ μ. Ro 5:9 (s. HMüller, Der rabb. Qal-Wachomer Schluss. in paul. Theol., ZNW 58, ’67, 73–92). Very oft. a conditional clause (εἰ) precedes it (Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 91 εἰ γὰρ …, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἄν=if …, how much more surely) εἰ τὸν χόρτον ὁ θεὸς οὕτως ἀμφιέννυσιν, οὐ πολλῷ μ. ὑμᾶς; if God so clothes the grass, (will God) not much more surely (clothe) you? Mt 6:30. Likew. εἰ … πολλῷ μ. Ro 5:10, 15, 17; 2 Cor 3:9, 11; εἰ … πόσῳ μ. if … how much more surely Mt 7:11; 10:25; Lk 11:13; 12:28; Ro 11:12, 24; Hb 9:14. εἰ … πῶς οὐχὶ μ.; if … why should not more surely? 2 Cor 3:8. εἰ … πολὺ μ. ἡμεῖς if … then much more surely we Hb 12:25. εἰ ἄλλοι … οὐ μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς; if others (have a claim), do we not more surely (have one)? 1 Cor 9:12 (μ. can also mean above all, especially, e.g. Himerius, Or. 40 [Or. 6], 2).—CMaurer, Der Schluss ‘a minore ad majus’ als Element paul. Theol., TLZ 85, ’60, 149–52.

③ marker of an alternative to someth., rather in the sense instead (of someth.)

ⓐ following a negative that

α. is expressed: μὴ εἰσέλθητε. πορεύεσθε δὲ μ. do not enter (into); go instead Mt 10:6. μὴ φοβεῖσθε … φοβεῖσθε δὲ μ. vs. 28; ἵνα μὴ τὸ χωλὸν ἐκτραπῇ, ἰαθῇ δὲ μ. Hb 12:13. μὴ …, μᾶλλον δέ Eph 4:28; 5:11. μὴ or οὐ …, ἀλλὰ μ. (TestBenj 8:3; JosAs 26:2 A [p. 80, 2 Bat.]; ParJer 2:5; Just., A I, 27, 5; Syntipas p. 17, 3; 43, 17) Mt 27:24; Mk 5:26; Ro 14:13; Eph 5:4; AcPt Ox 849, 20.

β. is unexpressed, though easily supplied fr. the context: πορεύεσθε μ. (do not turn to us), rather go Mt 25:9. ἵνα μ. τὸν Βαραββᾶν that he should (release) Barabbas instead (of Jesus) Mk 15:11. ἥδιστα μᾶλλον καυχήσομαι (I will not pray for release), rather I will gladly boast 2 Cor 12:9. μᾶλλον παρακαλῶ (I do not order), rather I request Phlm 9; τοὐναντίον μ. on the other hand rather 2 Cor 2:7. μᾶλλον αἰσχυνθῶμεν we should be ashamed of ourselves (rather than mistrust Mary of Magdala) GMary Ox 463, 25.

ⓑ οὐχὶ μᾶλλον not rather follows a positive statement: ὑμεῖς πεφυσιωμένοι ἐστέ, καὶ οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἐπενθήσατε; you are puffed up; should you not rather be sad? 1 Cor 5:2. διὰ τί οὐχὶ μ. ἀδικεῖσθε; why do you not rather suffer wrong (instead of doing wrong to others)? 6:7a; cp. 7b.

ⓒ μᾶλλον ἤ(περ) usually (exceptions: Ac 20:35 [Unknown Sayings, 77–81: this is not an exception, and renders ‘giving is blessed, not receiving’]; 1 Cor 9:15 [but see s.v. ἦ]; Gal 4:27) excludes fr. consideration the content of the phrase introduced by ἤ (Tat. 13, 3 θεομάχοι μ. ἤπερ θεοσεβεῖς; Appian, Iber. 26 §101 θαρρεῖν θεῷ μᾶλλον ἢ πλήθει στρατοῦ=put his trust in God, not in …) ἠγάπησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι μ. τὸ σκότος ἢ τὸ φῶς people loved not light, but darkness J 3:19; cp. 12:43. ὑμῶν ἀκούειν μ. ἢ τοῦ θεοῦ, not obey God, but you instead Ac 4:19; cp. 5:29.—1 Ti 1:4; 2 Ti 3:4. τῷ ναυκλήρῳ μ. ἐπείθετο ἢ τοῖς ὑπὸ Παύλου λεγομένοις he did not pay attention to what Paul said, but to the captain of the ship Ac 27:11. Likew. μᾶλλον ἑλόμενος ἤ he chose the one rather than the other Hb 11:25.

ⓓ μᾶλλον δέ but rather, or rather, or simply rather, introduces an expr. or thought that supplements and thereby corrects what has preceded (Aristoph., Plut. 634; X., Cyr. 5, 4, 49; Demosth. 18, 65; Philo, Aet. M. 23; Just., D. 27, 4; 29, 2; Ath. 17, 3 μ. δέ; cp. Ar.; Just., A I, 17, 4 and D. 79, 1 μ. δὲ καί) Χρ. Ἰ. ὁ ἀποθανών, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐγερθείς Chr. J. who died, yes rather was raised Ro 8:34. γνόντες θεόν, μᾶλλον δὲ γνωσθέντες ὑπὸ θεοῦ since you have known God, or rather have been known by God Gal 4:9; cp. 1 Cor 14:1, 5.—Rydbeck 80ff. DELG s.v. μάλα. M-M. EDNT.

φροντίζω (s. φροντίς) fut. 3 sg. φροντιεῖ Ps 39:18; aor. ἐφρόντισα LXX; pf. πεφρόντικα (Just.; Ath., R. 12 p. 61, 7) (Theognis, Hdt.+) to give sustained thought to someth., think of, be intent on, be careful/concerned about foll. by gen. (X., Mem. 3, 11, 12; Polyb. 3, 12, 5; BGU 249, 20; 300, 4; Ps 39:18; 2 Macc 9:21; 11:15; EpArist 121; 245; Jos., Ant. 14, 312, Vi. 94; Just., D. 3, 2; Ath., R. 12 p. 61, 7) τῆς ἑνώσεως IPol 1:2. W. inf. foll. (ApcMos 40; Achilles Tat. 4, 9, 2; PRyl 78, 26) ἵνα φροντίζωσιν καλῶν ἔργων προί̈στασθαι in order that they might pay attention to engaging in good works Tit 3:8.—DELG s.v. φρήν II 4. M-M. Spicq.

ἀποβλέπω impf. ἀπέβλεπον; 1 aor. ἀπέβλεψα (Trag., Hdt.+) look, pay attention εἴς τι at or to someth. (Epict. 1, 6, 37; SIG 867, 10; PSI 414, 9; Ps 9:29; 10:4; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 293; Just., D. 112, 1; Mel.; πρός Just., A I, 18, 1; Tat., 21, 2; Ath., R. 67, 23) fig., of Moses ἀ. εἰς τ. μισθαποδοσίαν intent on the reward Hb 11:26 (cp. Jos., Bell. 2, 311, Ant. 20, 61).—M-M. Spicq.

ἐνωτίζομαι 1 aor. ἐνωτισάμην LXX, 2 pl. ἠνωτίσασθε Jer 44:8 to listen carefully to what is said, give ear, pay attention to (s. οὖς 2; Hesych.; Doukas 84, 19 IBekker [1834]) τὶ someth. (Syntipas p. 12, 6 al.; Psellus p. 77, 6; Gen 4:23; Job 33:1; TestReub 1:5, Iss 1:1) τὰ ῥήματα Ac 2:14 (cp. Ps 5:2). Abs. B 9:3 (Is 1:2).—On the form, s. B-D-F §123, 2.—M-M. TW.

ἐφίστημι (s. ἵστημι; Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestJob 17:2; EpArist, Joseph.; Just. [‘pay attention’ D. 28, 1]; Ath.) fut. ἐπιστήσω; 1 aor. ἐπέστησα LXX; 2 aor. ἐπέστην, impv. ἐπίστηθι, ptc. ἐπιστάς; pf. ἐφέστηκα LXX, ptc. ἐφεστώς; plpf. 3 sg. ἐφειστήκει LXX; mid. 3 sg. indic. ἐπίσταται 1 Th 5:3 v.l. (on the form s. W-S. §5, 10c); 1 aor. pass. ἐπεστάθην 1 Cl 12:4; Hv 3, 1, 6. This aor. pass. can have mid. mng. (Eur., Iph. T. 1375 al.) and as a rule the mid. has, like the 2 aor., pf. and plpf. act., intransitive sense; it is only this intr. sense that is found for ἐφίστημι in our lit.

① to stand at or near a specific place, stand at/near, of living entities and oft. w. connotation of suddenness, pres. and aor. w. dat. of pers. Lk 2:9; 24:4 (of angels, as Diod S 1, 25, 5 of Isis in a dream; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 17, 1 of Hephaestus; SIG 1168, 37 ὁ θεὸς ἐπιστάς; TestSol 1:8 ἐν ᾗ ἂν ὥρᾳ ἐπιστῇ σοι τὸ δαιμόνιον; Jos., Ant. 3, 188. Of a figure in a dream Hdt. 5, 56); Ac 4:1; 12:7 D; 23:11. ἐπεστάθη μοι she approached me Hv 3, 1, 6. ἐπί τι approach or stand by someth. (Sir 41:24) Ac 10:17; 11:11. ἐπάνω τινός stand at someone’s head Lk 4:39 (cp. 2 Km 1:9). περιστερὰ … ἐπεστάθη ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ Ἰωσήφ a dove … perched on the head of Joseph GJs 9:1 (ἐπετάσθη v.l.). Abs. (EpArist 177) Lk 2:38; 10:40; 20:1; Ac 6:12; 12:7; 22:13; 23:27; 1 Cl 12:4; MPol 6:1; GJs 4:1 v.l.; AcPl Ha 4, 8.—Perf. stand by, be present αὐτὸς ἤμην ἐφεστώς I (myself) was standing by Ac 22:20 (cp. Jos., Vi. 294).

② to happen, esp. of misfortunes, which (suddenly) come upon someone, happen to, overtake, befall (Soph., Oed. R. 777; Thu. 3, 82, 2; LXX) w. dat. of pers. (cp. Cornutus 10 p. 11, 17; Wsd 6:8; 19:1) αἰφνίδιος αὐτοῖς ἐφίσταται ὄλεθρος 1 Th 5:3. ἐπί τινα Lk 21:34.—DDaube, The Sudden in the Scriptures ’64, 36.

③ to come near with intention of harming, attack w. dat. of thing τῇ οἰκίᾳ Ἰ. Ac 17:5.

④ to be present to begin someth., begin, come on perf. διὰ τ. ὑετὸν τὸν ἐφεστῶτα because it had begun to rain Ac 28:2 (Polyb. 18, 20, 7 διὰ τὸν ἐφεστῶτα ζόφον). But the mng. here could also be because it threatened to rain (s. 6).

⑤ to be present in readiness to discharge a task, fix one’s mind on, be attentive to (Eur., Andr. 547; Demosth. 18, 60) ἐπίστηθι stand by = be ready, be on hand, be persistent 2 Ti 4:2.

⑥ to be before one as an event about to occur, be imminent perf. (Il. 12, 326; Demosth. 18, 176; Jos., Ant. 13, 241, Vi. 137 al.) ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἀναλύσεώς μου ἐφέστηκεν the time of my departure is imminent 2 Ti 4:6. For Ac 28:2 s. 4.

⑦ to stand over someth. as leader or overseer, be over, be in charge of perf. (Eur., Aristoph. et al.: Jdth 8:10; 12:11; Synes., Ep. 140 p. 276b ὁ ἐφεστὼς θεός; Just., D. 36, 6; Ath. 12, 1; 31, 2) εἴς τι: οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ εἰς τὴν οἱκοδομὴν ἐφεστῶτες the men who were in charge of the construction Hs 9, 6, 2.—M-M. TW.

ὁράω (Hom.+) impf. 3 pl. ἑώρων (J 6:2 v.l. for ἐθεώρουν); pf. ἑώρακα and ἑόρακα (s. B-D-F §68), 3 pl. ἑώρακαν beside ἑόρακαν and ἑωράκασιν (Mlt-H. 221); plpf. ἑωράκειν Hv 2, 1, 3; fut. ὄψομαι, 2 sg. ὄψῃ (W-S. §13, 18). Pass.: 1 fut. ὀφθήσομαι; 1 aor. ὤφθην, by-form ὡράθην Ezk 12:12; 21:29; Da 1:15 Theod.; pf. 3 sing. ὦπται Ex 4:1, 5; Hv 3, 1, 2, inf. ὦφθαι or ἑωρᾶσθαι (Just.); plpf. 3 sg. ὦπτο. (Just.). In Byz. times there was an aor. mid. ὠψάμην (Lob. on Phryn. p. 734). There is a subjunctive form corresponding to this in one place in the NT, though not without a v.l.; it is ὄψησθε (v.l. ὄψεσθε) Lk 13:28. The functions of the aor. active are taken over by εἶδον and the forms belonging to it (s. εἶδον). βλέπω is, for the most part, used for the pres. and impf. On the use of ὁράω and βλέπω s. Reinhold p. 95ff.

A. trans.

① to perceive by the eye, catch sight of, notice

ⓐ w. acc. of pers. Mt 28:7, 10; Mk 16:7; Lk 16:23; J 8:57; 9:37; 14:9; 16:16f, 19, 22; 20:18 (PPerkins, Int 46, ’92, 31–41), 25, 29; 1J 4:20a; Rv 1:7; AcPl Ha 6, 17; Κλαύδ̣ιε ὅ̣[ρα Παῦλον] 8, 1. θεὸν οὐδεὶς ἑώρακεν πώποτε (s. PGM 5, 101f of Osiris ὸ̔ν οὐδεὶς εἶδε πώποτε) J 1:18; cp. 6:46ab; 1J 4:20b (on seeing God and its impossibility for mortals s. WGrafBaudissin, ‘Gott schauen’ in d. atl. Rel.: ARW 18, 1915, 173–239; RBultmann, ZNW 29, 1930, 169–92; EFascher: Marb. Theol. Studien ’31, 1, 41–77).—Also of the perception of personal beings that become visible in a transcendent manner (UPZ 78, 8 [159 B.C.] of a dream in the Sarapeum ὁρῶ τ. διδύμας; 69, 6; Just., D. 115, 3), of the vision of Christ that Paul had 1 Cor 9:1. The acc. is to be supplied fr. the context Hb 11:27; 1 Pt 1:8. W. acc. of the ptc. (B-D-F §416, 1; Rob. 1123.—UPZ 69, 6 [152 B.C.] ὁρῶ ἐν τῷ ὕπνῳ τὸν Μενέδημον ἀντικείμενον ἡμῖν; Ex 2:11, 13; TestJob 26, 6; ParJer 9:20; GrBar 1:3; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 38; Just., A I, 10, 1 al.) ὄψονται τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐρχόμενον Mt 24:30; Mk 13:26; Lk 21:27. ὄψεσθε τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καθήμενον Mk 14:62 (NPerrin, The End-product of the Christian Pesher Trad., NTS 12, ’66, 150–55).

ⓑ w. acc. of thing ὀπτασίαν ὁρ. see a vision (s. ὀπτασία 1.—SIG 1169, 6; UPZ 68, 6 [152 B.C.] ἐνύπνια ὁρῶ πονηρά) Lk 1:22; 24:23. ὁράσεις Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1). ταῦτα Lk 23:49. πάντα J 4:45. σημεῖα 6:2 v.l. (for ἐθεώρουν). S. also Hv 3, 2, 4. W. acc. of the ptc. (SIG 685, 75; 1169, 15; Ex 33:10; TestJob 37:8; Just., A I, 53, 9 al.) τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνεῳγότα J 1:51.—Hv 3, 8, 9. W. attraction of the relative ὧν=τούτων ἅ Lk 9:36; Ac 22:15. The attraction may be due to colloq. breviloquence in μάρτυρα ὧν τε εἶδές με ὧν τε ὀφθήσομαί σοι a witness to the things in which you saw me and to those in which I shall appear to you Ac 26:16b (difft. MDibelius, Aufsätze zur Apostelgeschichte, ed. HGreeven ’51, 83). Of God τ. πάντα ὁρᾷ PtK 2 p. 13, 24 (Ar. 4, 1; cp. 13, 8).—ὁρ. is a favorite word w. J, when he speaks of that which the preëxistent Son saw when he was with the Father (JSchneider, D. Christusschau des Joh.-ev. ’35; difft. LBrun, D. Gottesschau des joh. Christus: SymbOsl 5, 1927, 1–22) ὸ̔ ἑώρακεν J 3:32; cp. vs. 11. ἃ ἑώρακα παρὰ τῷ πατρί 8:38 (since this deals w. witness and speaking, the ‘perceiving’ could be thought of as ‘hearing’; what is heard is interpreted as an event. Cp. Diod S 13, 28, 5 ὁρᾷς;=do you hear [the outcry]?; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 165 ὁρῶ οἷα λέγεις; Polyaenus 7, 14, 2; Ex 20:18 λαὸς ἑώρα τὴν φωνήν, 22; Dt 4:9; also Philo, Migr. Abr. 47; SibOr 8, 125 βρυγμὸν ὁρ.). Of that which the apostolic witnesses saw of Christ 1J 1:1–3. Abs. ὁ ἑωρακώς the eye-witness J 19:35.

ⓒ ὁρ. τὸ πρόσωπόν τινος as a periphrasis for see someone (cp. Gen 43:3, 5; 46:30) Ac 20:25; Col 2:1. ὁρ. το πρόσωπον τοῦ θεοῦ (=רָאָה אֶת־פְּנֵי י״י) Rv 22:4 (πρόσωπον 1bα). ὁρ. τὴν δόξαν τοῦ θεοῦ (=רָאָה אֶת־כְּבוֹד י״י) see the majesty of God (Is 66:18f; GkBar 6:12 al.) J 11:40. Simply ὁρ. τὸν θεόν see God Mt 5:8. ὀψόμεθα αὐτὸν καθώς ἐστιν 1J 3:2 (Maximus Tyr. 11, 11a τὸ μὲν ὅλον ὄψει τ. θεὸν τότε, ἐπειδὰν πρὸς αὐτὸν καλῇ). ὁρ. τὸν κύριον Hb 12:14.—On ἃ ἑόρακεν ἐμβατεύων Col 2:18 s. ἐμβατεύω.

ⓓ pass. in act. sense become visible, appear (Ael. Aristid. 51, 22 K.=27 p. 539 D.: ὤφθη τοιάδε; LXX) abs. Rv 11:19; 12:1, 3. τινί to someone Ac 2:3. ὅραμα διὰ νυκτὸς τ. Παύλῳ ὤφθη a vision appeared to Paul at night 16:9 (Jos., Ant. 2, 70 τὰ διὰ νυκτὸς ὀφθέντα).—Of pers. who appear in a natural way (Appian, Syr. 21 §96 ὤφθησαν=they made an appearance, Bell. Civ. 2, 130 §542; UPZ 145, 5 [164 B.C.]; 3 Km 3:16 ὤφθησαν δύο γυναῖκες τῷ βασιλεῖ) (Μωϋσῆς) ὤφθη αὐτοῖς Ac 7:26. Mostly of beings that make their appearance in a transcendent manner, almost always w. dat. of the pers. to whom they appear: God (Gen 12:7; 17:1 [cp. 1QapGen 22:27 God appears to Abraham]; PGM 4, 3090 ἕως ὁ θεός σοι ὀφθῇ; ParJer 7:20; Just., D. 56, 4 al.) Ac 7:2. Angels (Ex 3:2; Judg 6:12) Lk 1:11; 22:43 (LBrun, ZNW 32, ’33, 265–76); Ac 7:30, 35. Moses and Elijah Mt 17:3; Mk 9:4; Lk 9:31 (without the dat. in this pass.: ὀφθέντες ἐν δόξῃ). The risen Christ Lk 24:34; Ac 9:17; 13:31; 26:16a; 1 Cor 15:5–8 (cp. Ox 1 verso, 13; Unknown Sayings, 69–71); 1 Ti 3:16 (ὤφθη ἀγγέλοις: the triumphant Christ appears to the angelic powers); Hb 9:28 (Christ at his Second Coming).—οὐκ ἔτι σοι ὀφθήσεται it will be seen by you no longer (of evil desire) Hm 12, 2, 4 (Antig. Car. 11 ὁρᾶται=there is; Aristot. in Apollon. Paradox. 39 ὄφις ὤφθη=there was a snake).

② to see someone in the course of making a friendly call, visit (1 Km 20:29; JosAs 22:3) ὄψομαι ὑμᾶς Hb 13:23.

③ to experience a condition or event, experience, witness (cp. POxy 120, 4f τινὰ ὁρῶντα αἱαυτὸν [= ἑαυτὸν] ἐν δυστυχίᾳ; JosAs 6:5 τί … ἐγὼ ὄψομαι ἡ ταλαίπωρο; s. also Just., D. 61, 2) Lk 17:22 (s. εἶδον 4). ζωήν J 3:36 (cp. Lycophron 1019 βίον; Ps 88:49 θάνατον). μείζω τούτων 1:50. ὄψεται πᾶσα σὰρξ τὸ σωτήριον τοῦ θεοῦ Lk 3:6 (Is 40:5).

④ to be mentally or spiritually perceptive, perceive (Polystrat. p. 5 ὁρ. τῷ λογισμῷ; Simplicius, In Epict. p. 110, 47 Düb. τὸ ἀληθές), fig. ext. of 1:

ⓐ sensory aspect felt: w. acc. of the ptc. (Diod S 2, 16, 5; 4, 40, 2; Appian, Syr. 14 §55, Bell. Civ. 2, 14 §50; PHib 44, 4 [253 B.C.] ὁρῶντες δέ σε καταραθυμοῦντα; 4 Macc 4:24; 9:30; Jos., Vi. 373 ὄντα με ὁρ.; Just., A I, 43, 5; Ath. 2, 3) notice, perceive, understand εἰς χολὴν πικρίας … ὁρῶ σε ὄντα I perceive that you have fallen into the gall of bitterness (i.e. bitter jealousy) Ac 8:23. οὔπω ὁρῶμεν αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα ὑποτεταγμένα we do not yet see everything subjected to him Hb 2:8. W. acc. and inf. foll. Dg 1. W. ὅτι foll. (M. Ant. 9, 27, 2; Philo, Migr. Abr. 46; Just., D. 23, 3 al.) Js 2:24; 1 Cl 12:8; 23:4; 44:6. W. indir. quest foll. 1 Cl 16:17; 41:4; 50:1; 15:8; Dg 7:8. W. direct discourse foll. ὁρᾶτε 1 Cl 4:7.

ⓑ w. focus on cognitive aspect: look at or upon ὄψονται οἷς οὐκ ἀνηγγέλη περὶ αὐτοῦ they who have never been told of (Christ) shall look upon him Ro 15:21 (Is 52:15).— Consider ὅρα τοῦ ἀγγέλου τῆς πονηρίας τὰ ἔργα Hm 6, 2, 4.— Become conscious of ὁ κακοποιῶν οὐχ ἐώρακεν τ. θεόν 3J 11. Cp. 1J 3:6.

B. intr.

① to fix one’s gaze, look εἴς τινα on or at someone (Il. 24, 633; Od. 20, 373; Just., D. 112, 1) J 19:37 (s. ἐκκεντέω). ἄνω ὁρᾶν Dg 10:2 (cp. Cicero, De Natura Deorum 2, 140; Ovid, Matamorphoses 1, 85; other reff. EBlakeney, The Epistle to Diognetus ’43, 77f).

② to be alert or on guard, pay attention, see to it that foll. by μή and the aor. subj. (Diod S 27, 17, 3 ὁρᾶτε μήποτε ποιήσωμεν; Epict., Ench. 19, 2; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 8, 2; BGU 37, 5 [50 A.D.]; POxy 532, 15 ὅρα μὴ ἄλλως πράξῃς; 531, 9 ὅρα μηδενὶ ἀνθρώπων προσκρούσῃς.—B-D-F §364, 3) Mt 8:4; 18:10; Mk 1:44; 1 Th 5:15; 1 Cl 21:1; D 6:1.—W. μή and impv. (B-D-F §461, 1; Rob. 996) Mt 9:30; 24:6.—Elliptically (B-D-F §480, 5; Rob. 949) ὅρα μή (sc. ποιήσῃς) watch out! don’t do that! Rv 19:10; 22:9.—Used w. ἀπό τινος look out for someth. (B-D-F §149; Rob. 472) ὁρᾶτε καὶ προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων look out (for) and be on your guard against the yeast of the Pharisees Mt 16:6. ὁράτε, βλέπετε ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρ. Mk 8:15. ὁράτε καὶ φυλάσσεσθε ἀπὸ πάσης πλεονεξίας Lk 12:15.

③ to accept responsibility for causing someth. to happen, look, see to, take care σὺ ὄψῃ see to that yourself! that’s your affair! Mt 27:4 (Men., Epitr. 493 S. [317 Kö.]; cp. the response of Titus and declaration of innocence at the time of Jerusalem’s destruction Jos., Bell. 6, 215); cp. vs. 24; Ac 18:15 (on this Latinism = videris s. DHesseling in B-D-F §362; Rob. 109f). Impv. followed by imperatival fut. ὅρα ποιήσεις πάντα see to it that you do everything Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40; cp. 4:21). Foll. by indir. quest. (Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 121 D.: ὅρα τί ποιεῖς) ὅρα τί μέλλεις ποιεῖν take care what you are doing Ac 22:26 v.l.—B. 1042. Schmidt, Syn. I 244–70. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ῥῆμα, ατος, τό (Pind.; Pla., Leg. 840c [w. μῦθο], prob. of edifying maxims; Hdt.+)

① that which is said, word, saying, expression, or statement of any kind τὰ ῥήματα the words (opp. τὰ ἔργα) 2 Cl 13:3; Hs 9, 21, 2; cp. Ac 16:38. πᾶν ῥῆμα every word B 11:8. πᾶν ῥῆμα ἀργόν Mt 12:36. πᾶν ῥ. πονηρόν Hs 5, 3, 6; οὐδὲ ἓν ῥ. not even one word Mt 27:14; cp. ῥῆμα ἕν Ac 28:25.—Lk 2:17, 50; 20:26; 1 Cl 27:7 (Ps 18:3). φωνὴ ῥημάτων the sound of words, a voice whose words Hb 12:19; αἰσχρὸν ῥ. Hv 1, 1, 7. ὡσεὶ λῆρος τὰ ῥ. Lk 24:11. ἄρρητα ῥήματα (s. ἄρρητος 2) 2 Cor 12:4. ῥ. ἔκφρικτα Hv 1, 3, 3b. ῥ. ἀληθῆ m 11:3; δεινὰ ῥ. MPol 8:3. ῥ. βλάσφημα Ac 6:11. ῥῆμα, ῥήματα ἀκούειν B 16:10; Hv 1, 1, 6; 4, 1, 7; 4, 2, 6 al. τὰ προειρημένα ῥ. (s. προεῖπον 1) 2 Pt 3:2; s. Jd 17; Hm 9:4. πολὺν ἐν ῥήμασιν γενέσθαι be profuse in speech, be too talkative 1 Cl 30:5 (Job 11:3).—τὸ ῥ., τὰ ῥ. oft. takes a special significance fr. the context: prophecy, prediction Mt 26:75; Mk 9:32; 14:72; Lk 1:38; 2:29; 9:45ab; 18:34; 22:61 (v.l. λόγο); 24:8; Ac 11:16; MPol 16:2. Declaration of scripture 2 Cl 15:4 (cp. Mel., P. 11, 73 τὰ ῥ. τῆ γραφῆ).—Command(ment), order, direction Lk 5:5; esp. of God (Dt 1:26) 3:2; Hb 11:3; 1 Cl 10:1; ῥ. τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ Hb 1:3. τὸ ἰσχυρὸν ῥ. the mighty creative word Hv 1, 3, 4; cp. 3, 3, 5. διὰ ῥήματος Χριστοῦ Ro 10:17.— Threat λαλεῖν ῥήματα κατά τινος make threats against someth. Ac 6:13.—τὰ ῥ. speech, sermon, proclamation πάντα τὰ ῥ. αὐτοῦ everything he had to say Lk 7:1. ἐνωτίσασθε τὰ ῥήματά μου pay attention to what I am proclaiming Ac 2:14.—10:44; J 8:20. τὰ ῥήματα αὐτῶν their preaching Ro 10:18 (Ps 18:5).—Of pronouncements of (Christian) teaching or of divine understanding πῶς τοῖς ἐμοῖς ῥήμασιν πιστεύσετε; J 5:47. Cp. 6:63; 10:21; 12:47f; 14:10; 15:7; 17:8; Ac 10:22. ῥήματα ζωῆς αἰωνίου J 6:68. τὰ ῥήματα τῆς ζωῆς ταύτης Ac 5:20. ῥήματα ἐν οἷς σωθήσῃ 11:14. ῥήματα ἀληθείας κ. σωφροσύνης 26:25. τὰ ῥ. τοῦ θεοῦ (Sextus 4, 39 ῥήματα θεοῦ; Marinus, Vi. Procli 32 θεῖα ῥ.) J 3:34; 8:47. ἐπὶ παντὶ ῥήματι ἐκπορευομένῳ διὰ στόματος θεοῦ (Dt 8:3) Mt 4:4. τὰ ῥήματα τοῦ κυρίου τὰ λεγόμενα διὰ παραβολῶν the Lord’s teachings which were expressed in the form of parables Hs 5, 4, 3. διάσταλμα ῥήματος the special meaning of the teaching B 10:11. Gener. the sing. brings together all the divine teachings as a unified whole, w. some such mng. as gospel, or confession: ἐγγύς σου τὸ ῥῆμά ἐστιν Ro 10:8a (Dt 30:14); cp. vs. 9 v.l. MSuggs, ‘The Word Is Near You’ Ro 10:6–10, JKnox Festschr. ’67, 289–312. Cp. Eph 5:26. ἐπότισεν ῥήματι he (Paul) gave (Artemilla) a drink of words to ponder AcPl Ha 4, 5. τὸ ῥῆμα τὸ εὐαγγελισθὲν εἰς ὑμᾶς 1 Pt 1:25b. W. objective gen. τὸ ῥῆμα τῆς πίστεως Ro 10:8b. W. subjective gen. ῥῆμα θεοῦ Eph 6:17; Hb 6:5. τὸ ῥ. κυρίου 1 Pt 1:25a (cp. Is 40:8).—GKittel, D. Wort Gottes im NT: Pastoralblätter für Predigt etc. 80, ’37/38, 345–55.

② after the Hebrew an event that can be spoken about, thing, object, matter, event οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πᾶν ῥῆμα nothing will be impossible with God Lk 1:37 (Gen 18:14). ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων σταθῇ πᾶν ῥῆμα Mt 18:16; 2 Cor 13:1 (both Dt 19:15; cp. TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 24 [Stone p. 32]). Cp. the sing. (TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 15 [Stone p. 40]; JosAs 17:1 [CBurchard, A Note on ῥῆμα in JosAs 17:1f; Lk 2:15, 17; Ac 10:3: NovT 27, ’85, 281–95]) Lk 2:15 (cp. 1 Km 4:16); Ac 10:37. Pl. Lk 1:65; 2:19, 51; Ac 5:32; 13:42.—ERepo, Der Begriff Rhema im Biblisch-griechischen (Academia Scientia Fennica) I ’52 (LXX); II ’54 (NT and early Christian lit.), but s. critique by GZuntz, L’Antiquité Classique 22, ’53, 106–12.—B. 1262. DELG s.v. εἴρω (2). M-M. EDNT. TW.

ἐκβάλλω fut. ἐκβαλῶ; 2 aor. ἐξέβαλον; plpf. ἐκβεβλήκειν Mk 16:9. Pass.: 1 fut. ἐκβληθήσομαι; aor. ἐξεβλήθην; pf. 3 sg. ἐκβέβληται (Just.), ptc. ἐκβεβλημένος (Hom.+) gener. ‘to throw out’, then

① force to leave, drive out, expel, τινά (SIG 1109, 95; PTebt 105, 31; Gen 3:24 al.; Jos., Bell. 1, 31, Ant. 1, 58) Mt 21:12 (Chariton 3, 2, 12 πάντας ἐ. fr. the temple of Aphrodite; Lysimachus: 621 Fgm. 1, 306 Jac. [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 306] God demands that the Egyptian king ἐκβάλλειν ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν those who are unclean; CRoth, Cleansing of the Temple and Zech 14:21: NovTest 4, ’60, 174–81; for lit. on Jesus’ action s. DSeeley, CBQ 55, ’93, 263 n. 1); Mk 1:12 is perh. to be understood in this sense, cp. Gen 3:24, but s. 2 below; Mk 5:40; 11:15; Lk 19:45; 20:12. Pass. Mt 9:25; Hs 1, 4; 9, 14, 2. τινὰ or τὶ ἔκ τινος (Dio Chrys. 49 [66], 3; SIG 317, 12; PLond III, 887, 6 p. 1 [III B.C.]; PMagd 12, 11=PEnteux 54, 11; Ex 6:1; Num 22:6 al.; Philo, Cher. 10) J 2:15; Hs 8, 7, 5. ἀπό τινος (Ex 23:31; Num 22:11; 2 Ch 11:16; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 163; Jos., Ant. 13, 352; Just., D. 92, 2 ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰερουσαλήμ) Ac 13:50. ἔξω τινός out of someth. (Lev 14:40; 1 Macc 13:47 v.l.): a city (Hyperid. 5:31) Lk 4:29; Ac 7:58; cp. Hs 1:6; ἐ. ἔξω (without amplification as 2 Ch 29:16) J 6:37; 9:34f (s. below); Ac 9:40. Pass. Lk 13:28; J 12:31 (βάλλω P⁶⁶ et al.). W. the destination given ἐ. εἴς τι drive someone out into someth. (Dt 29:27; 2 Ch 29:16; Jer 22:28; Mel., P. 48): into the darkness outside (cp. En 10:4) Mt 8:12; 22:13; 25:30.—From a vineyard Mt 21:39; Mk 12:8; Lk 20:15; in these three passages throw out, toss out is prob. meant.—Mid., throw someth. overboard to save oneself: Ac 27:38 grain (the act. in this sense Diod S 3, 40, 5; τὰ ὑπάρχοντα En 101:5; Jos., Bell. 1, 280).—Used esp. of the expulsion of spirits who have taken possession of a pers. (Jos., Ant. 6, 211; Just. A II, 10, 6 δαίμονας … ἐκβαλὼν τῆς πολιτείας; PGM 4, 1227 πρᾶξις γενναία ἐκβάλλουσα δαίμονας; 1252; 1254) Mt 8:31; 9:33f; 10:1, 8; 12:26; 17:19; Mk 1:34, 39, 43; 3:15, 23; 6:13; 7:26 (ἔκ τινος); 9:18, 28; 16:9 (παρά τινος); Lk 9:40; 11:14; 13:32. W. the means given (Lucian-Epigr. in Anth. Pal. 11, 427 δαίμονα ἐ. δυνάμει) τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι by your name Mt 7:22. λόγῳ with a word 8:16. For this ἔν τινι by someone or someth. by the ruler of the evil spirits 9:34; Mk 3:22; by Beelzebul Mt 12:24, 27; Lk 11:15, 18f; by the name of Jesus Mk 9:38; 16:17; Lk 9:49; by the finger of God Lk 11:20; cp. vs. 19; ἐν πνεύματι θεοῦ Mt 12:28.—GSterling, Jesus as Exorcist: CBQ 55, ’93, 467–93.— Expel someone fr. a group, repudiate someone (Pherecyd. 83 Zeus expels insolent deities) a servant girl Gal 4:30 (Gen 21:10); a wife (Demosth. 59, 63; 83; Diod S 12, 18, 1; BGU 1050, 15; PGiss 2, 23; Lev 21:7; Pr 18:22a; Sir 7:26; Jos., Ant. 16, 215; 17, 78) Agr 18; ἐκ τ. ἐκκλησίας ἐ. 3J 10 (cp. POxy 104, 17; Jos., Bell. 2, 143). Vss. J 9:34f, referred to above, prob. belong here too, since the Johannine love of multiple meaning has combined the mngs. drive out of the audience-room and expel from the synagogue.—Idiom: λόγους ἐ. εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω cast words behind oneself=pay no attention to them 1 Cl 35:8 (Ps 49:17); ἐ. τὸ ὄνομα disdain, spurn the name Lk 6:22 (cp. Pla., Crito 46b and Rep. 2, 377c; Soph., Oed. Col. 636; 646); difft., Wlh. ad loc.; s. Black, An Aramaic Approach³, ’67, 135f, w. special ref. to Dt 22:14, 19.

② to cause to go or remove from a position (without force), send out/away, release, bring out (PRyl 80, 1 [I A.D.] ἐκβάλετε … ὑδροφύλακας; 1 Macc 12:27) workers Mt 9:38; Lk 10:2 (cp. PMich 618, 15f [II A.D.]); send away Js 2:25; release Ac 16:37; lead out (Μαρτύριον τῆς ἁγ. Αἰκατερίνας 18 p. 17 Viteau: ἐκέλευσεν ὁ βας. ἐκβληθῆναι αὐτὴν ἐκ τ. φυλακῆς; Theophanes, Chron. 388, 28) Mk 1:12 (but s. 1 above); bring out of sheep J 10:4 (cp. Hs 6, 2, 6; Longus 3, 33, 2 προσέβαλλε ταῖς μητράσι τοὺς ἄρνας; BGU 597, 4 ἵνα βάλῃ τὸν μόσχον πρὸ τ. προβάτων).

③ to cause someth. to be removed from someth., take out, remove (1 Macc 13:48; Diosc. 1, 50; s. Rydbeck 155–58; 184) a beam or splinter ἐκ τ. ὀφθαλμοῦ Mt 7:4f; Lk 6:42; Ox 1 verso, 2 (ASyn. 68, 44) (cp. GTh 26; Aesop. p. 28 Ursing ἐκβάλλεις ἄκανθα[ν] ἐκ ποδῶν μου); bring out τὶ someth. (Horapollo 2, 105; TestAbr A 6, p. 83, 23 [Stone p. 14] ἐκ τοῦ κόλπου ‘[pearls] out of the purse’) ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θησαυροῦ ἐ. τὰ ἀγαθά out of the good treasure (=the tr. of the good) that which is good Mt 12:35; 13:52; take out a sum of money Lk 10:35. Of an eye, tear out and throw away Mk 9:47 (Syntipas p. 101, 2; cp. La 3:16 ἐ. ὀδόντας). Of material in the body (Ps.-Plut., Hom. 205; schol. on Nicander, Alexiph. 485; cp. Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 6 οἱ κυνηγοὶ εἰς ἀγγεῖον αὐτὴν [=τὴν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου κόπρον] ἐμβάλοντες=the hunters let their excrement fall into a pot.—ἐκβ. τι=let someth. fall Diog. L. 6, 35) evacuate Mt 15:17.

④ to pay no attention to, disregard τὴν αὐλὴν τὴν ἔξωθεν τοῦ ναοῦ ἔκβαλε ἔξωθεν leave out (of consideration) the outer court of the temple Rv 11:2 (Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 147 ἐ. τι=disregard someth.; M. Ant. 12, 25 βάλε ἔξω τὴν ὑπόληψιν=do not concern yourself about … ; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 372 VI, 22f [II A.D.] τὸ ἀναγνωσθὲν δάνειον ἐκβάλλω=I pass over, omit. On the belief of Jerusalem’s inhabitants that the temple could be saved, while the beleagured city was ruined, s. Jos., Bell. 5, 459).

⑤ to bring someth. about, cause to happen, bring ἐ. εἰς νῖκος τὴν κρίσιν lead justice on to victory Mt 12:20 (s. κρίσις 3).—B. 713. M-M. TW.

θερᾰπ-εύω, later also [full] θᾰρᾰπεύω (q.v.), [tense] fut.

A

- εύσω Th.2.51

, etc.:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.

- εύσομαι h.Ap. 390

: [tense] aor.

ἐθεραπευσάμην Nicostr.

ap. Stob.4.23.65 codd., Gal.11.295:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

- ευθήσομαι Id.10.617

: [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense, Antipho4.2.4, Pl.Alc.1.135e: [tense] aor.

ἐθεραπεύθην Id.Chrm. 157b

, etc.:—to be an attendant, do service, once in Hom., Od. 13.265:—[voice] Med., h.Ap. 390.

II do service to the gods, ἀθανάτους, θεοὺς θ., Hes.Op. 135, Hdt.2.37, X.Mem.1.4.13, etc.;

δαίμονα Pi.P.3.109

; Διόνυσον, Μούσας, E.Ba.82 (lyr.), IT 1105(lyr.); θ. Φοίβου ναούς serve them, Id. Ion 111 (anap.): abs., worship, Lys.6.51; do service or honour to one's parents, E. Ion 183 (lyr.), Pl.R. 467a, Men. 91a; serve, wait upon a master, Id.Euthphr. 13d, cf. Ar.Eq.59, 1261, etc.; θ. τὰς θήκας reverence men's graves, Pl.R. 469a.

2 in Prose, pay court to, [ τινα] Hdt.3.80, etc.; in bad sense, flatter, wheedle, Th.3.12; θ. τὸ πλῆθος, τοὺς πολλούς, Id.1.9, Plu.Per.34; conciliate,

τινὰ χρημάτων δόσει Th.1.137

, cf. Hdn.2.2.8; τὸ θεραπεῦον,= οἱ θεραπεύοντες, Th.3.39; θ. γυναῖκα pay her attention, X.Cyr.5.1.18; also τὰς θύρας τινὸς θ. wait at a man's door, ib.8.1.6;

αὐλὰς θ. καὶ σατράπας Men.897

; αὐλὰς βασιλικὰς θ. D.L.9.63.

3 of things, consult, attend to,

τὸ ξυμφέρον Th.3.56

; ἡδονὴν θ. indulge one's love of pleasure, X.Cyr.5.5.41; θ. τὸ παρόν look to, provide for the present, S.Ph. 149(anap.);

τὸ ναυτικόν Th.2.65

;

τὴν ἄνοιξιν τῶν πυλῶν Id.4.67

;

θ. τοὺς καιρούς D.18.307

: c. inf., take care that.., θ. τὸ μὴ θορυβεῖν, μὴ λείπεσθαι, Th.6.61,7.70;

θ. ὅπως πολιτεύσουσι Id.1.19

; θ. ὡς .. Longus 4.1.

4 θ. τὸ σῶμα take care of one's person, Pl.Grg. 513d;

θ. αὑτούς Plu.Eum.9

;

θ. τὰς τρίχας Longus4.4

; μύροις χαίτην θ. Archestr. Fr.62.3;

θ. τοὺς πόδας LXX 2 Ki.19.24

: c. acc. et inf.,

θ. κόμην φαίνεσθαι λιπαράν Plu.Lyc.22

.

5 foster, τὴν ψυχήν, τὴν διάνοιαν, Pl.Cra. 440c, R. 403d; θ. κάδεα brood over sorrows, Pi.I.8(7).8.

6 θ. ἡμέρην observe a day, keep it as a feast, Hdt.3.79;

ἱερὰ -όμενα Th.4.98

.

7 treat medically, Hp.VM9, Th.2.47,51;

τοὺς τετρωμένους X.Cyr.3.2.12

;

τραύματα Phld.Piet.89

;

μὴ θεραπεύειν βέλτιον· θεραπευόμενοι γὰρ ἀπόλλυνται ταχέως Hp.Aph.6.38

;

ταύτην τὴν θεραπείαν θεραπεύσεσθαι Antipho 4.2.4

;

θ. νόσημα Isoc.19.28

;

σώματα -όμενα Pl.Lg. 684c

;

ὀφθαλμούς Arist.EN 1102a19

: abs.,

οἱ θεραπεύοντες Phld.Ir.p.29

W.: metaph.,

ὁ κοινὸς ἰατρός σε θεραπεύσει χρόνος Philippid.32

;

λύπην.. οἶδε θεραπεύειν λόγος Men.591

;

τὰ πονοῦντα μέρη τῆς νεώς D.S.4.41

; τὰς ὑποψίας allayed, Plu.Luc.22;

ὑπόνοιαν Phlp.

in de An.408.3; δυστυχίαν assuage it, Luc.Ind.6.

8 of animals, train,

ἵππους Pl.Grg. 516e

.

9 of land, cultivate, X.Oec.5.12; of trees, train, Hdt.1.193;

στέλεχος Thphr.HP2.7.3

.

10 prepare, dress, food or drugs, Archestr.Fr.13.4, al., Dsc.2.76 ([voice] Pass.).

11 mend garments, PGiss. 79iv3 ([voice] Pass., ii A.D.).

-ας ⁺ ἡ N 1 80-191-172-343-177=963 Gn 6,5; 20,5.6; 42,28; 50,21

heart (as part of the body) Tob 6,4; heart (as centre and source of physical life) Ps 103(104),15; id. (as centre of the whole inner life into which God looks) 1 Sm 16,7; heart, mind (as the faculty of thought or understanding) Jb 17,4; heart, memory Prv 3,1; heart (of the will and its decisions) Jer 38,33; heart (of emotions, wishes and desires) Jb 37,1; id. (of moral life) Ps 23(24),4; heart, conscience (as feeling for good and evil) 1 Sm 24,6; heart (of disposition) 2 Kgs 23,3; middle, midst, centre Jon 2,4; depth Ps 45(46),3; heart (of a tree) Ez 17,22

ἀπὸ καρδίας out of (their own) heart (of false prophets) Is 44,25, see also Ez 13,3; ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ in or with his heart (with verbs) Gn 6,5; ἐν καρδίᾳ ἀληθινῇ with sincere heart Is 38,3; οἱ συντετριμμένοι τὴν καρδίαν the broken-hearted Is 57,15; ἐλάλησεν αὐτῶν εἰς τὴν καρδίαν he spoke kindly to them Gn 50,21; λαλῆσαι ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτῆς to speak kindly to her Jgs 19,3; μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου do not say to oneself Dt 8,17; ἀναβήσεται ῥήματα ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν σου things will come up in your mind, you will think of something Ez 38,10; μὴ δὴ θέσθω ὁ κύριός μου καρδίαν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον let my Lord pay no attention to the man 1 Sm 25,25; κατισχῦσαι αὐτῶν τὴν καρδίαν to harden their heart, to encourage them Jos 11,20; ἐν καθαρᾷ καρδίᾳ ἐποίησας τοῦτο you did this with a pure heart Gn 20,5; ποιεῖν αὐτοῦ τὰ θελήματα καρδίᾳ μεγάλῃ to do his wishes wholeheartedly or generously 2 Mc 1,3

*Ez 17,22 καρδίας αὐτῶν of their heart corr.? κράδας αὐτῶν (acc. pl. of κράδη) quivering spray at the end of their branch for MT ינקותיו it shoots; *1 Kgs 12,33 ἀπὸ καρδίας αὐτοῦ out of his heart-ו/לב/מ (= MT^q) for MT^k לבד/מ all by himself; *Ez 13,3 ἀπὸ καρδίας out of their own hearts-לבם/מ for MT נבלים senseless, cpr. Ez 13,17; *Ps 84(85),9 πρὸς αὐτὸν καρδίαν (their) heart towards him-לו לב for MT כסלה/ל to folly; *Prv 15,22 ἐν δὲ καρδίαις in the hearts-לב/ב for MT רב/ב with a multitude, see also Prv 24,6;

*Prv 21,12 καρδίας the hearts-לבות for MT בית/ל (give attention) to the house; *Eccl 9,1 καὶ καρδία μου εἶδε and my heart saw-ראה ולבי for MT את בור/ול ברר and to examine

Cf. DOGNIEZ 1992 154-155(Dt 6,5); HARL 1986a, 61; LARCHER 1983 166-167(Wis 1,1).219 (Wis 2,2);

LE BOULLUEC 1989 67-68.121 (Ex 7,22-23); LUST 1997 240(Ez 17,22); PIETERSMA 1990, 265-266;

WALTERS 1973 197-198(Is 6,10).215(Ez 11,19); WEVERS 1990 130-131(Ex 9,14).509(Ex 31,6);

→TWNT

βλέπω fut. βλέψω; 3 pl. fut. βλέψονται Is 29:18; 1 aor. ἔβλεψα (s. βλέμμα; Pind.+ ‘see’: on the use of βλέπω and ὁράω s. Reinhold 97ff. Esp. oft. in Hermas [70 times]).

① to perceive w. the eye, see

ⓐ w. acc. of what is seen: beam, splinter Mt 7:3; Lk 6:41f—Mt 11:4; 13:17; 24:2; Mk 8:23f; Lk 10:23f; Ac 2:33; 9:8f; Rv 1:11f; 5:3f; 22:8. Large buildings Mk 13:2 (cp. Choliamb. in Ps.-Callisth. 1, 46a, 8 lines 4, 8, 19: ὁρᾷς τὰ τείχη ταῦθʼ; … τὰ θεμέλια ταῦτα … ὁρᾷς ἐκείνους τοὺς οἴκους;); a woman Lk 7:44; light (Artem. 5, 20 τὸ φῶς ἔβλεπεν; 5, 77) 8:16, cp. 11:33; Jesus J 1:29; B 5:10; signs Ac 8:6; B 4:14; a vision Ac 12:9; nakedness Rv 16:15; the beast 17:8; smoke 18:9, 18.— Seeing contrasted w. hoping Ro 8:24f. Of angels βλέπουσι τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ πατρός (expr. fr. oriental court life = have access constantly, 2 Km 14:24; cp. 4 Km 25:19) Mt 18:10 (s. πρόσωπον 1bα). Pass. πάντων βλεπομένων since everything is seen 1 Cl 28:1. W. acc. and ptc. instead of a dependent clause (SIG1104, 42; UPZ 68, 6 [152 B.C.] βλέπω Μενέδημον κατατρέχοντά με=that M. runs after me; 1 Macc 12:29; Jos., Ant. 20, 219); τὸν ὄχλον συνθλίβοντά σε that the crowd is pressing around you Mk 5:31. τὸν λίθον ἠρμένον that the stone was taken away J 20:1; cp. Mt 15:31; Lk 24:12; J 20:5; 21:9. τὸν πατέρα ποιοῦντα 5:19; sim. 21:20; Ac 4:14; Hb 2:9. ὑπὲρ ὸ̔ βλέπει με beyond what he sees in me 2 Cor 12:6.

ⓑ abs.: Mt 13:16; Ro 11:10 (Ps 68:24); Rv 9:20. τὰ βλεπόμενα (Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 406 D.; Wsd 13:7; 17:6) what can be seen 2 Cor 4:18. Look on, watch (Jos., Bell. 1, 596. Ant. 3, 95 βλεπόντων αὐτῶν while they looked on, before their eyes) Ac 1:9; 1 Cl 25:4.

ⓒ w. prep. phrase: ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ who sees in secret Mt 6:4, 6; cp. vs. 18 (s. 4 Macc 15:18). In imagery διʼ ἐσόπτρου ἐν αἰνίγματι 1 Cor 13:12.

ⓓ βλέπων βλέπω see w. open eyes Mt 13:14 (Is 6:9). βλέπων οὐ βλέπει though he looks he does not see 13:13; Lk 8:10 (the theme is transcultural, cp. Aeschyl., Prom. 447f; Soph. O.T. 413; Ps.-Demosth. 25, 89; Polyb. 12, 24, 6; Lucian, D. Mar. 4, 3; Lucretius 2:14 o pectora caeca! qualibus in tenebris vitae ‘O blind hearts! In what darkness of life … ’; s. ἀκούω).

② to have the faculty of sight, be able to see, in contrast to being blind (Trag.; Antiphon 4, 4, 2; X., Mem. 1, 3, 4; Aelian, VH 6, 12; SIG 1168, 78 blind man βλέπων ἀμφοῖν ἐξῆλθε; POxy 39, 9 [52 A.D.] ὀλίγον βλέπων=of weak sight; Ex 4:11; 23:8; 1 Km 3:2; Ps. 113:14; al.) Mt 12:22; 15:31; Lk 7:21; J 9:7, 15, 25; Ac 9:9; Rv 3:18. ὀφθαλμοὶ τοῦ μὴ β. (Ps 68:24, cp. 9:32; Sus 9; B-D-F §400, 2) eyes unable to see Ro 11:8 (Dt 29:3); Hs 6, 2, 1. θεοὶ … δυνάμενοι μήτε βλέψαι μήτε ἀκοῦσαι AcPl Ha 1, 20 (cp. Ps 113:14).—Fig. of grasp of transcendent matters (cp. Diog. L. 6, 53 with reference to Pla.: β. with the eyes of the νοῦς) J 9:39.

③ to take in the sight of someth., look at, observe εἰς w. acc. (Anaxandrides Com. [IV B.C.] 34, 9 K. εἰς τοὺς καλούς; Ael. Aristid. 28, 126 K.=49 p. 531f D.; Aelian, VH 14, 42; Herodian 3, 11, 3; Jdth 9:9; Pr 16:25; Sir 40:29; 4 Macc l5:18) Lk 9:62; J 13:22 (εἰς ἀλλήλους as Proverb. Aesopi 49 P.) Ac 1:11 v.l. (Ps.-Apollod., Epit. 5, 22 and PGM 13, 833 εἰς τ. οὐρανὸν β.); 3:4. W. dat. [ὁ δὲ λέων ….ἔβλ]επεν τῷ Παύλῳ| καὶ ὁ Παῦλο[ς τῷ λέοντι] the lion looked at Paul and Paul [at the lion] AcPl Ha 4, 36. W. acc. look at a woman (cp. Synes., Calvitii encomium 23, 86b ὅστις ἀδίκοις ὀφθαλμοῖς ὁρᾷ τὴν τοῦ γείτονος) Mt 5:28 (ὅστις ἄν ἐμβλέψῃ γυναικί Just., A I, 15, 1). See magic rites D 3:4. βιβλίον look into a book Rv 5:3f.

④ to pay esp. close attention to someth., notice, mark someth.: w. acc. 2 Cor 10:7 (impv.). W. εἴς τι (Polyb. 3, 64, 10 εἰς τ. παρουσίαν) εἰς πρόσωπον β. look at someone’s face = regard someone’s opinion in the sense of being afraid of what someone might think Mt 22:16; Mk 12:14.

⑤ be ready to learn about someth. that is needed or is hazardous, watch, look to, beware of, Mk 13:9; Phil 3:2 (GKilpatrick, PKahle memorial vol. ’68, 146–48: look at, consider); 2J 8. Followed by μή, μήποτε, μήπως and aor. subj. (Pythag., Ep. 4; Epict. 2, 11, 22; 3, 20, 16; PLond III, 964, 9 p. 212 [II/III A.D.] βλέπε μὴ ἐπιλάθῃ οὐδέν; PLips 106, 17 [I B.C.]) beware, look out Mt 24:4; Mk 13:5; Lk 21:8; Ac 13:40; 1 Cor 8:9; 10:12; Gal 5:15; Hb 12:25, or fut. indic. Col 2:8. W. ἀπό τινος (BGU 1079, 2426 [41 A.D.]=CPJ 152, 24ff βλέπε σατὸν [=σαυτὸν] ἀπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων; APF 4, 1908, 568) beware of the leaven of the Pharisees Mk 8:15; of the scribes 12:38.

⑥ to process information by giving thought, direct one’s attention to someth., consider, note (Jos., Bell. 7, 351, Ant. 20, 57).

ⓐ abs. βλέπετε keep your eyes open Mk 13:33.

ⓑ w. acc. (2 Ch 10:16) 1 Cor 1:26; 10:18; on Phil 3:2 s. 5; Col 2:5; 4:17. βλέπων τ. ἐντολήν w. regard to the commandment B 10:11a.

ⓒ w. indir. question foll. Mk 4:24; Lk 8:18; 1 Cor 3:10; Eph 5:15; 1 Cl 56:16; B 10:11b.—W. ἵνα foll. 1 Cor 16:10.

⑦ to develop awareness of someth., perceive, feel

ⓐ by the senses: a strong wind Mt 14:30.

ⓑ of inner awareness discover, find a law Ro 7:23 (cp. PFay 111, 16 ἐὰν βλέπῃς τὴν τιμὴν [price] παντὸς ἀγόρασον). W. acc. and ptc. 2 Cl 20:1; B 1:3. W. ὅτι foll. (BGU 815, 4; EpArist 113) 2 Cor 7:8; Hb 3:19; Js 2:22.

⑧ to be oriented in a particular direction, looking to, in the direction of, facing (rather freq. and w. var. preps.; w. κατά and acc. Ezk 11:1; 40:6 al.; JosAs 5:2 θυρίδα … βλέπουσαν κατὰ ἀνατολάς ‘a window looking out toward the east’) Ac 27:12 (s. λίψ and s. Field, Notes 144).—FHahn, Sehen u. Glauben im J: OCullmann Festschr., ’72, 125–41; FThordarson, SymbOsl 46, ’71, 108–30.—B. 1042. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

παρακολουθέω fut. παρακολουθήσω; 1 aor. παρηκολούθησα; pf. παρηκολούθηκα (Aristoph., X., Pla.+; ins, pap, 2 Macc, TestSol; JosAs 29:6; ApcMos 8; Philo, Joseph., Just.; Tat. 12, 5; Ath.) ‘follow’.

① to be closely associated w. someone viewed as an authority figure, follow lit. of direct discipleship τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις Papias (2, 4); αὐτῷ: Jesus (2, 15).—Otherw.

② to be attendant upon, follow, accompany, attend w. dat. of pers. (τύχη ἡμῖν π. Demosth. 42, 21; Plut., Mor. 207e; πυρετοί μοι π. Demosth. 54, 11; βλάβη μοι π. PReinach 18, 15 [II B.C.]; 19, 12; PTebt 28, 2; PStras 22, 20. Cp. 2 Macc 8:11; Philo, Sacr. Abel. 70; Ath. 31, 1 [w. acc. and inf.]) σημεῖα τοῖς πιστεύσασιν ταῦτα παρακολουθήσει these signs will attend those who have come to believe Mk 16:17 (v.l. ἀκολουθήσει).

③ to conform to someone’s belief or practice by paying special attention, follow faithfully, follow as a rule (SIG 885, 32 π. τῇ περὶ τὸ θεῖον τῆς πόλεως θεραπείᾳ; PTebt 124, 4 [I B.C.] τῇ αὐτῶν π. πίστει; 2 Macc 9:27 π. τῇ ἐμῇ προαιρέσει) διδασκαλίᾳ 1 Ti 4:6; 2 Ti 3:10. This sense involves only a slight transference from ‘follow with the mind, understand, make one’s own’ (Demosth. et al.; esp. a t.t. of the Stoics) w. dat. of thing (Polyb. 3, 32, 2; Epict. 1, 6, 13 of intelligent awareness as opposed to mere functioning, the diff. between animals and humans; Vett. Val. 276, 23; SIG 718, 9 [c. 100 B.C.]; Just., D. 114, 1).

④ to pay careful attention to someth. in a segment of time, follow a thing, follow a course of events, take note of w. dat. of thing (Demosth. 18, 172 παρηκολουθηκότα τοῖς πράγμασιν ἐξ ἀρχῆς=one well acquainted with the affairs from the very beginning; 19, 257 ἀκριβέστατʼ εἰδὼς ἐγὼ καὶ παρηκολουθηκὼς ἅπασι κατηγορῶ=I bring my charges as one who has accurate knowledge and has followed everything; UPZ 71, 20 [152 B.C.] τῇ ἀληθείᾳ; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 53 personal acquaintance as opposed to information secured second-hand; 218 of inability to have a thorough grasp of certain writings: μετὰ πάσης ἀκριβείας … παρακολουθεῖν) ἐμοὶ παρηκολουθηκότι ἄνωθεν πᾶσιν ἀκριβῶς to me, with a firm grasp of everything from the beginning Lk 1:3 (s. HCadbury, Beginn. II 501f; Exp. 8th ser., 144, 1922, 401–20; NTS 3, ’56/57: 128ff having been familiar with, and M-M.; JRopes, JTS 25, 1924, 67–71.—GWhitaker, Exp. 8th ser., 118, 1920, 262–72; 119, 1920, 380–84; 121, 1921, 239ff; BBacon, Le témoignage de Luc sur luimême: RHPR 8, 1928, 209–26. Luke does not specify the means whereby he was able to assert his thorough familiarity [a rendering such as ‘research’ or ‘investigate’ depends on interpretation of the context and not on the semantic content of π.]. It can be assumed that some of it was derived from the kinds of sources cited in vs. 2. S. also s.v. ἀνατάσσομαι).—LAlexander, The Preface to Luke’s Gospel ’93, 127–31.—DELG s.v. ἀκόλουθος. M-M. TW.

ἀκριβῶς adv. (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 10:6; 24:2; TestJob 31:1; EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Just.; Ath. 11:1, R. 454, 4; Mel., HE 4, 26, 14; freq. in historical writers, but also medical s. Hobart 251; Alexander [s. below] 131) pert. to strict conformity to a standard or norm, w. focus on careful attention, accurately, carefully, well βλέπειν (POxy 1381, 111f [I/II]) Eph 5:15. ἀκούειν (Thu. 1, 134, 1) Hm 3:4; 4, 3, 7. προσέχειν pay close attention B 7:4. γινώσκειν (Antiphanes 196, 15 Kock al.; Diod S 11, 41, 5 et al.) Hs 9, 5, 5. κατανοεῖν (Herm. Wr. 11, 6b) Hs 9, 6, 3. εἰδέναι (Aeschyl., Pr. 328 et al.; Epict. 1, 27, 17; 2, 22, 36; PPetr II, 15 [1], 11) 1 Th 5:2. διδάσκειν Ac 18:25; Pol 3:2. γράφειν Papias 2:15. ἐξετάζειν (Isocr. 7, 63; Demosth. 6, 37; Galen ed. Kühn XIV, 210; Dt 19:18; Jos., Ant. 3, 70) Mt 2:8; Hs 9, 13, 6. γράφειν conscientiously write/record Papias (2:15). παρακολουθεῖν follow carefully Lk 1:3 (cp. Herodian 1, 1, 3 μετὰ πάσης ἀκριβείας ἤθροισα ἐς συγγραφήν; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Χαράκμωβα: Οὐράνιος ἐν τοῖς Ἀραβικοῖς—ἀξιόπιστος δʼ ἀνὴρ … σπουδὴν γὰρ ἔθετο ἱστορῆσαι ἀκριβῶς …).—Comp. ἀκριβέστερον more exactly (POxy 1102, 12; BGU 388 II, 41; Philo, Joseph.; Tat. 15, 2; Ath. 9, 2) ἀ. ἐκτίθεσθαι explain more exactly Ac 18:26, cp. 23:15, 20; also more accurately (PPetr II, 16, 13 [205 B.C.]; Epict. 1, 24, 10) 24:22. ἀ. αὐτὰ γνωσόμεθα we will find it out more exactly Hv 3, 10, 10. ἰδεῖν (v.l. μανθάνειν [Herm. Wr. 10, 25; Jos., Ant. 8, 402]) Hs 9, 1, 3.—LAlexander, The Preface to Luke’s Gospel ’93.—DELG s.v. ἀκριβής. M-M.

⁺ V 0-0-1-4-3=8 Is 65,12; Est 3,3.8; 4,14; 7,4

to pay no attention to, to take no heed of [τινος] Tob 3,4; id. [τι] Est 3,3; to dis-obey [τινος] 1 Ezr 4,11

Cf. HELBING 1928, 156; →NIDNTT

⁺ V 0-0-1-7-3=11 Is 21,3; Jb 4,5; 21,6; 22,10; 23,15

to make haste to do [+inf.] Jdt 13,1; to make haste to sth, to hurry to sth [εἴς τι] Jb 31,5; to pay serious attention to [περί τινος] Eccl 8,2; to trouble, to disturb [τινα] Jb 22,10; to be upset, to be alarmed, to be frightened, to be anxious (semit.?; under the influence of בהל ni.?) Jb 4,5

Cf. GEHMAN 1951=1972 100(Jb 4,5); SPICQ 1978a, 817-818; WALTERS 1973 144.148; →MM; TWNT

(→ἐπισπουδάζω, κατασπουδάζω,,)

προσέχω (Cypr. [full] ποέχω (q.v.)) and [full] προσίσχω: [tense] aor. προσέσχον:—

A hold to, offer, προσέσχε μαζὸν [δράκοντι] A.Ch. 531; hold against, [

τὴν ἀσπίδα] προσῖσχε πρὸς τὸ δάπεδον Hdt.4.200

; apply,

χλιάσματα Hp. Mul.2.129

.

2 π. ναῦν bring a ship to port,

προσσχόντες τὰς νέας Hdt.9.99

;

Μαλέᾳ προσίσχων πρῷραν E.Or. 362

; τίς σε προσέσχε.. χρεία; brought thee to land here? S.Ph. 236;

< ναῦν> πρὸς τὴν γῆν προσσχεῖν D.C.42.4

: more freq. without ναῦν, put in, touch at a place, προσσχεῖν ἐς Τύρον, ἐς τὴν Σάμον, etc., Hdt.1.2, 3.48, al.; πρὸς τὴν Σίφνον προσῖσχον ib.58: c. dat. loci,

π. τῇ γῇ Id.4.156

;

τῆς νήσου τοῖς ἐσχάτοις Th.4.30

;

Λιβύῃ κατὰ τὴν Μαυρουσίαν Plu.Sert.7

: c. acc. loci, τίνι στόλῳ προσέσχες τήνδε γῆν; S.Ph. 244, cf. Plb.2.9.2: abs., land, Hdt.2.182, etc.: with words added,

πλέων δι' Ἑλλησπόντου π. ἐς Κύζικον Id.4.76

, cf. 6.119;

ναυσὶ προσσχεῖν Th.4.11

;

τῇ νηῒ π. εἰς Ῥόδον D.56.9

; ὡς γῇ προσέξων τὸ σῶμα, of a shipwrecked sailor, Plu.2.1103e.

3 turn to or towards a thing,

π. ὄμμα E.HF 931

: mostly, π. τὸν νοῦν turn one's mind, attention to a thing, be intent on it,

τοῖς ἀναπαίστοις Ar.Eq. 503

; ἐμοί ib. 1014, cf. 1064, X.An.2.4.2, etc.; π. τὸν νοῦν τινι give heed to him, pay court to him, Id.Cyr.5.5.40; ἑαυτῷ π. τὸν νοῦν to be thinking with himself, in a fit of abstraction, Pl.Smp. 174d; also

πρὸς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ κατηγορίαν π. τὸν νοῦν Antipho 3.4.1

;

πρὸς τούτοις Ar.Nu. 1010

; π. τὸν νοῦν μὴ.. take heed lest.., Pl.R. 432b, etc.: abs.,

πρόσεχε τὸν νοῦν Cratin. 284

, Pherecr.154, Ar.Pl. 113, etc.;

δεῦρο τὸν νοῦν προσέχετε Id.Nu. 575

, cf.Pl.Smp. 217b; προσεχέτω τὸν νοῦν let him take heed, as a warning, Ar.Nu. 1122; also τὴν γνώμην π. Id.Ec. 600, Th.1.95, 2.11, 5.26, 7.15;

π. τὴν διάνοιαν ὡς πράξει μεγίστῃ Plu.Num.14

; but περὶ τούτου τῇ διανοίᾳ π. IG7.2225.44 (ii B.C.);

π. τῇ διανοίᾳ εἰς τὸ ῥῆμα Κυρίου LXXEx. 9.21

.

4 without

τὸν νοῦν, μὴ πρόσισχε.. βουκόλοις Cratin.286

; σαυτῷ π. Ar.Ec. 294 (lyr.), X.Mem.3.7.9; π. ἑαυτοῖς ἀπό τινος to be on one's guard against, Ev.Luc.12.1; πρόσεχ' οἷς φράζω attend to what I shall tell you, Mnesim.4.21 (anap.), cf. D.10.3, etc.;

π. τῶν ἐμπείρων.. ταῖς ἀναποδείκτοις φάσεσι Arist.EN 1143b11

;

τῷ πολλῷ χρόνῳ Id.Pol. 1264a2

;

π. τοῖς νόμοις Id.Fr. 539

; τοῖς χιλιάρχοις take orders from them, Plb. 6.37.7; also

π. ἐπί τινι LXX Ge.4.5

: abs.,

πρόσεχε, κἀγώ σοι φράσω Athenio 1.8

; προσέχων ἀκουσάτω attentively, D.21.8;

πρόσσχες An. Ox.1.121

: also c. acc.,

προσέχων τε ταῦτα Critias 25.19

D.;

οὐ προσέχει τὰ πράγματα Philem.73.4

;

π. νόμον θεοῦ LXX Is.1.11

, cf. Ex.34.11: also π. ἀπὸ τῶν ἁγίων, τῶν γραμματέων, ib.Le.22.2, Ev.Luc.20.46;

π. τοῦ μὴ φαγεῖν αἷμα LXX De.12.23

; π. ἵνα μὴ μαστιγωθῇς ib.2 Ch.25.16.

b devote oneself to a thing, c. dat.,

γυμνασίοισι Hdt.9.33

;

τοῖς ἔργοις Ar.Pl. 553

;

τοῖς ναυτικοῖς Th.1.15

;

τῷ πολέμῳ Id.7.4

;

πλούτῳ Pl.Alc.1.122d

;

τούτῳ τῷ ἀγῶνι Lycurg.10

; τοῖς κοινοῖς, γεωργίᾳ καὶ εἰρήνῃ, Plu.Cat.Mi.19, Hdn.2.11.3, etc.:—abs., ἐντεταμένως, προθύμως π., Hdt.1.18, 8.128.

5 continue, ἡ νοῦσος, ἡ ὀδύνη π., Hp.Int. 11,7.

6 [voice] Med., attach oneself to a thing, cling, cleave to it,

ὅ τι πρόσσχοιτο τοῦ πηλοῦ τῷ κοντῷ Hdt.2.136

;

ὥσπερ λεπὰς προσεχόμενος τῷ κίονι Ar.V. 105

, cf. Pl. 1096;

τῷ τοίχῳ Arist.HA 555a1

: abs., οἱ πολύποδες οὕτω π. ὥστε μὴ ἀποσπᾶσθαι ib. 534b27.

b metaph., devote oneself to the service of any one, esp. a god, Pi.P.6.51 (dub.).

7 [voice] Pass., to be held fast by a thing,

ὑπό τινος E.Ba. 756

; to be attached to it,

πρὸς τῷ στήθει Hp.Art.14

; πρὸς τῷ δένδρῳ προσέχεσθαι, of gum, stick to, Thphr.HP9.4.4: metaph., to be implicated in,

τῷ ἄγει Th.1.127

.

II have besides or in addition,

δεῖ καὶ τοῦτο προσέχειν τὸ μάθημα Pl.R. 521d

, cf. D.31.7, etc.

σπουδάζω, S.OC 1143, Ar. Pax 471 (lyr.), etc.: [dialect] Att.[tense] fut.

A

- άσομαι Pl. Euthphr.3e

, D.21.213, later

- άσω Plb.3.5.8

, D.S.1.58, etc.: [tense] aor.

ἐσπούδασα E.HF 507

, Pl.Phd. 114e: [tense] pf.

ἐσπούδακα Ar.V. 694

, Pl.Phdr. 236b, etc.:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. v. supr.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

σπουδασθήσομαι Ael. NA4.13

: [tense] aor.

ἐσπουδάσθην Str.17.3.15

, Plu.Per.24: [tense] pf.

ἐσπούδασμαι Pl.Ly. 219e

(v. infr.):

I intr.,

I to be busy, eager to do a thing, c. inf., S.OC 1143, E.Hec. 817, Pl.Euthd. 293a, etc.; σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν.. ταχέως make haste.., 2 Ep.Ti.4.9; ὅτ' ἐσπούδαζες ἄρχειν wast eager to rule, E.IA 337 (troch.): c. part.,

ἐσπ. διδάσκων X.Oec.9.1

: freq. σ. περί τινος or τι, Id.Mem.1.3.8, Pl.R. 330c, etc.;

ὑπέρ τινος D.59.77

;

εἰς τὰ σά Id.21.195

;

πρός τι Id.22.76

;

ἐπί τισι X.Mem.1.3.11

, cf. D.21.2: c. dat.,

σ. γάμῳ Aristaenet.2.3

; σ. ὅπως.. endeavour that.., D.43.12, SIG312.10 (Samos, iv B.C.): abs., ἐσπουδακυῖα in haste, hurriedly, Ar.Th. 572; ἐσπουδακώς eagerly, Men.562.

b c. acc. et inf.,

σπουδάσαντες τοῦτ' αὐτοῖς παραγενέσθαι Pl.Alc.2.141d

, cf. 2 Ep.Pet.1.15, BGU1080.14 (iii A.D.), etc.

2 of persons, σ. πρός τινα pay him serious attention, Pl.Grg. 510c, etc.;

εἴς τινα AP9.422

(Apollonid.); σ. περί τινα to be anxious for his success, Isoc.1.10, X.Cyr.5.4.13, etc. (distd. fr. πρός τινα by Luc.Sol.10);

περί τινος X.Lac.4.1

;

ὑπὲρ τῶν οἰκετῶν Aeschin.1.17

;

ὑπέρ τινος D.21.213

, etc.; σ. τινί be a partisan or backer of, Plu.Art.21, Arr.Epict.1.11.27, PGiss.71.6 (ii A.D.);

ἀπό τινος Philostr.VS2.27.6

.

3 to be serious or earnest, Ar.Ra. 813; opp. σκώπτειν καὶ κωμῳδεῖν, Id.Pl. 557; freq. in Pl., σπουδάζει ταῦτα ἢ παίζει; Grg. 481b, etc.; ἐσπούδακας, ὅτι ἐπελαβόμην ἐρεσχηλῶν σε; did you take it seriously, that I..? Phdr. 236b;

σπουδάζοντα τοῖς πράγμασι τοῖς ὀνόμασι παίζειν D.H.Lys.14

; ἐσπουδάκατον they have worked hard, Ar.V. 694; μάλα ἐσπουδακότι τῷ προσώπῳ with a very grave face, X.Smp.2.17.

4 study, Philostr. VS1.7.2; lecture, teach, ib.1.21.5.

II trans.,

1 c. acc. rei, do anything hastily or earnestly, be earnest about,

τὸ αὑτοῦ E.HF 507

;

τὰς περὶ τὸ μανθάνειν ἡδονάς Pl.Phd. 114e

, etc.; opp. παρέργοις χρῆσθαι, Id.Euthd. 273d, cf. Ti. 21c;

τὰ ἑαυτοῦ ἡδέα X.Smp.8.17

;

σ. τοῦτο, ὅπως.. Id.Eq.11.10

:—[voice] Pass., σπουδάζεταί τι is zealously pursued, πᾶν ὅ τι ς. E.Supp. 761;

σ. ἀγών X.Lac.10.3

; χρήματα μετὰ πολλῆς δαπάνης ς. Pl.R. 485e; ἡ κωμῳδία διὰ τὸ μὴ σπουδάζεσθαι.. ἔλαθεν because it was not taken up seriously, Arist.Po. 1449b1; οὐ πάνυ σπουδάζεται ὑπ' αὐτῶν is not much valued, Luc.Cont.11: esp. freq. in [tense] pf. part.,

πᾶσα ἡ τοιαύτη σπουδὴ οὐκ ἐπὶ τούτοις ἐστὶν ἐσπουδασμένη Pl.Ly. 219e

; προοίμια θαυμαστῶς ἐσπουδασμένα elaborately worked up, Id.Lg. 722e, cf. 659e; so τὰ μάλιστα ἐσπ. σῖτα καὶ ποτά the choicest, X.Cyr.4.2.38; τὰ ἐσπ., of writing tablets, the best quality, Thphr.HP 3.9.7 (also κλίνας καὶ δίφρους καὶ τὰ ἄλλα τὰ σπουδαζόμενα ib.5.3.2); εἰ ταῦτ' ἐσπουδασμένα ἐν γράμμασιν ἐτέθη if those pains were seriously bestowed on letters, Pl.Ep. 344c;

αἱ ἐσπουδασμέναι παιδιαί Arist.Rh. 1371a3

, cf. Pol. 1336a34.

2 [voice] Pass., of persons, to be treated with respect, opp. καταφρονεῖσθαι, Id.Rh. 1380a26; to be courted, Str.17.3.15, Plu.Them.5, D.L.5.75; of women, Plu.Cim.4, Art.26.

b in LXX, trouble, disturb any one, Jb.22.10, 23.16.

ἐπιφορ-ά, ἡ, (ἐπιφέρω)

A bringing to or upon: hence,

1 donative, extra pay, in pl., Th.6.31, D.S.17.94 ; so

ἡ ἔξωθεν ἐ. τῆς εὐδαιμονίας Plb.5.90.4

2 application,

ὀνομάτων Pl.Lg. 944b

, cf.Cra. 430d.

3 secondcourse [ at dinner], Damox.2.58 (pl.).

4 fine paid by contractor for failure to keep time, BCH35.44 ([place name] Delos), cf. Hermes17.5 (ibid.); = καταδίκη, Hsch. (pl.).

5 application, τὴν τῆς αἰσθήσεως ἐ. ποιεῖσθαι to concentrate attention, Plu.2.1144b.

b infliction,

πληγῶν POxy. 283.15

(i A. D.).

6 additional payment of φόρος, IG12.205, al.

II (from [voice] Pass.) offering made at the grave, Plu.Num.22.

2 impact, Epicur.Nat.15.26, al. ; sudden attack, Plb.6.55.2, etc. ; ἐπιφορὰς πρός τινα ποιῆσαι, in controversy, Phld.Lib.p.35 O. ; ἐ. ὄμβρων sudden burst of rain, Plb.4.41.7 ; of wind, Thphr.CP5.12.11 ;

ἡ τοῦ κωρύκου ἐ. Philostr.Gym.57

; attack of an orator, opp. ἀπολογία, Id.VS1.25.10 (pl.).

3 vehemence in oratory, Hermog.Id.1.11, al., Philostr.VS1.17.1, al.

4 growth by assimilation of nourishment, Stoic.2.229.

5 Medic., epiphora, persistent flow of tears, as a disease, Dsc.Eup.1.35, Gal.14.749,768 (but non-technically, floods of tears, Plb.15.26.3) ; deflux of morbid humours, Meno Iatr.5.30, Plu.2.102a (pl.) ;

τοῦ γάλακτος Sor.1.76

; ὀχθώδεις ἐ. tuberous eruption, Ruf. ap. Orib.8.24.35.

b attack, πυρετῶν, etc., Vett.Val.3.4 (pl.), al.

6 propensity, - φορὰς ἔχειν πρός τι Men.Rh.p.342 S.

III Rhet., second clause in a sentence, opp. ἀρχή, D.H.Dem. 20.

2 repetition,

συνδέσμου Demetr.Eloc. 196

.

3 succession of clauses ending in the same word, opp. ἐπιβολή, Rut.Lup.1.8.

IV in Stoic Logic, the conclusion of a syllogism, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.80, Crinisib.3.269, Procl.in Prm.p.534 S.

2 question at issue,

τῆς ἐ. ἀπερρυηκέναι Phld.Mus.p.96

K.

V in Gramm., ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιφορᾷ τὸ λ ¯ λ ¯ to have λ ¯ λ ¯ immediately following, Hdn.Gr.2.932.

παραθεωρέω (X.+) to pay insufficient attention, with resulting deficiency in response, overlook, leave unnoticed, neglect (so Hero Alex. I p. 410, 5; Diod S 40, 5; Dionys. Hal., De Isae. 18; Sb 1161, 38f [57/56 B.C.]=Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 70, 24; BGU 1786, 5 [50 B.C.]) τινά someone pass. Ac 6:1.—DELG s.v. θεωρός. M-M.