offert

offĕro ( obf-), obtŭli, oblātum, v. a. [ob-fero], to bring before; to present, offer; to show, exhibit (class.; cf. obicio, ostendo).

In gen.:

incommode illis fors obtulerat adventum meum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 10; cf.:

opportune te obtulisti mihi obviam,

id. Ad. 3, 2, 24; id. Hec. 5, 3, 10; Cic. Att. 3, 10, 2:

strictamque aciem venientibus offert,

presents, opposes, Verg. A. 6, 291:

speciem offerre,

to present a false appearance, Cic. Div. 1, 37, 81.—In pass.: offerri, mid., to show one's self, appear; to meet, encounter:

multis in difficillimis rebus praesens auxilium ejus (numinis) oblatum est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 108:

oblata religio est,

a religious scruple struck him, id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

metu oblato,

id. ib. 15, 1, 5:

lex quaedam videbatur oblata,

id. Phil. 1, 2, 4.—

In partic.

To offer, expose; to bring forward, adduce:

ne offeramus nos periculis sine causā,

Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83; so,

se morti,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

se ad mortem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 32:

obtulimus nos ad prima pericula,

Ov. M. 13, 42:

vitam in discrimen,

Cic. Sest. 28, 61:

moram offerre alicui,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 30:

nam tu nunc vides pro tuo caro capite carum offerre me meum caput vilitati,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 34:

sponte suā leto caput obvius optulit ipse,

Lucr. 3, 1041; cf. Cic. Sull. 30, 84; id. Sest. 1, 1; Liv. 3, 1; 31, 50:

criminibus oblatis,

brought forward, adduced, Cic. Lael. 18, 65.—

To offer, proffer; to bring, cause, occasion, confer, bestow; to inflict, etc. (cf. promitto, recipio, infero):

foedus,

Verg. A. 12, 109:

in omnia ultro suam offerens operam,

Liv. 40, 23:

di tibi semper omnia optata offerant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 21:

alicui optatissimum beneficium,

Caes. B. G. 6, 42:

hoc tantum boni, quod vobis ab dis immortalibus oblatum et datum est,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49:

datum atque oblatum,

id. Verr. 1, 1, 1; 2, 4, 49, § 103: ut nunc hac re mihi opem et auxilium offeras, bring me aid and assistance, help me, Lucil. ap. Non. 360, 25:

laetitiam,

to procure, Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 18:

alicui injuriam,

id. ib. 5, 1, 14:

vitium virgini,

id. ib. 3, 3, 23:

stuprum alicui,

Cic. Phil. 2, 38, 99:

mortem alicui,

id. Sest. 21, 48: sibi molestiam atque aerumnam offerre, to bring, procure, occasion, Lucil. ap. Non. 360, 23: occasio ad occupandam Asiam oblata, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4:

seque offert suscepturum,

offers, Tac. A. 11, 33:

rusticus offerebat se intercessurum senatus consulto,

id. ib. 16, 26:

oblatā facultate in castra sese receperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 72.—

In eccl. Lat.

To offer to God, to consecrate, dedicate, Prud. Cath. 5, 150; Vulg. Exod. 38, 24; 39, 32.—

To offer up, sacrifice, Sulp. Sev. Dial. 2, 2:

Domino,

Vulg. Gen. 4, 3:

pro filio,

id. ib. 22, 13:

ex scelere,

id. Prov. 21, 27:

semet ipsum Deo,

id. Heb. 9, 14 et saep.

offĕro ( obf-), obtŭli, oblātum, v. a. [ob-fero], to bring before; to present, offer; to show, exhibit (class.; cf. obicio, ostendo).

In gen.:

incommode illis fors obtulerat adventum meum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 10; cf.:

opportune te obtulisti mihi obviam,

id. Ad. 3, 2, 24; id. Hec. 5, 3, 10; Cic. Att. 3, 10, 2:

strictamque aciem venientibus offert,

presents, opposes, Verg. A. 6, 291:

speciem offerre,

to present a false appearance, Cic. Div. 1, 37, 81.—In pass.: offerri, mid., to show one's self, appear; to meet, encounter:

multis in difficillimis rebus praesens auxilium ejus (numinis) oblatum est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 108:

oblata religio est,

a religious scruple struck him, id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

metu oblato,

id. ib. 15, 1, 5:

lex quaedam videbatur oblata,

id. Phil. 1, 2, 4.—

In partic.

To offer, expose; to bring forward, adduce:

ne offeramus nos periculis sine causā,

Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83; so,

se morti,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

se ad mortem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 32:

obtulimus nos ad prima pericula,

Ov. M. 13, 42:

vitam in discrimen,

Cic. Sest. 28, 61:

moram offerre alicui,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 30:

nam tu nunc vides pro tuo caro capite carum offerre me meum caput vilitati,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 34:

sponte suā leto caput obvius optulit ipse,

Lucr. 3, 1041; cf. Cic. Sull. 30, 84; id. Sest. 1, 1; Liv. 3, 1; 31, 50:

criminibus oblatis,

brought forward, adduced, Cic. Lael. 18, 65.—

To offer, proffer; to bring, cause, occasion, confer, bestow; to inflict, etc. (cf. promitto, recipio, infero):

foedus,

Verg. A. 12, 109:

in omnia ultro suam offerens operam,

Liv. 40, 23:

di tibi semper omnia optata offerant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 21:

alicui optatissimum beneficium,

Caes. B. G. 6, 42:

hoc tantum boni, quod vobis ab dis immortalibus oblatum et datum est,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49:

datum atque oblatum,

id. Verr. 1, 1, 1; 2, 4, 49, § 103: ut nunc hac re mihi opem et auxilium offeras, bring me aid and assistance, help me, Lucil. ap. Non. 360, 25:

laetitiam,

to procure, Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 18:

alicui injuriam,

id. ib. 5, 1, 14:

vitium virgini,

id. ib. 3, 3, 23:

stuprum alicui,

Cic. Phil. 2, 38, 99:

mortem alicui,

id. Sest. 21, 48: sibi molestiam atque aerumnam offerre, to bring, procure, occasion, Lucil. ap. Non. 360, 23: occasio ad occupandam Asiam oblata, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4:

seque offert suscepturum,

offers, Tac. A. 11, 33:

rusticus offerebat se intercessurum senatus consulto,

id. ib. 16, 26:

oblatā facultate in castra sese receperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 72.—

In eccl. Lat.

To offer to God, to consecrate, dedicate, Prud. Cath. 5, 150; Vulg. Exod. 38, 24; 39, 32.—

To offer up, sacrifice, Sulp. Sev. Dial. 2, 2:

Domino,

Vulg. Gen. 4, 3:

pro filio,

id. ib. 22, 13:

ex scelere,

id. Prov. 21, 27:

semet ipsum Deo,

id. Heb. 9, 14 et saep.

* * *

* * *

* * *

at or ast, conj. [Curtius connects the Sanscr. ati, ultra, nimis, the Gr. eti, the Lat. et, and at in atavus; Vanicek connects with these at, atque, and atqui. Thus the original idea of addition is prominent in eti, et, and atque; and the idea of opposition in at and atqui, which agree with at-ar in meaning as well as in form. After the same analogy, the Gr. pleon, more, has become plên, but; and the Lat. magis has passed into the same meaning in the Fr. mais and the Ital. mai. The confusion in MSS. between at, ac, and et, and between atque and atqui, was prob. caused as much by their connection in idea as in form] (it was sometimes, for the sake of euphony, written ad; cf. Quint. 12, 10; 12, 32; 1, 7, 5; Charis. p. 203 P., where, instead of at conjunctionem esse, ad vero praepositionem, the reading should be, ad conjunctionem esse, at vero praepositionem, Fr.; v. the pass. in its connection; cf. also Vel. Long. p. 2230 P.; Cassiod. p. 2287 P.; Mar. Vict. p. 2458 P. The form ast is found in the old laws; it occurs once in Trag. Rel., but never in Com. Rel. nor in Lucil.; at is found in Plautus about 280 times, and ast about 10 times; in Ter. at about 100 times, and ast once; in Hor. at 60 times, ast 3 times; in Verg. at 168 times, ast 16; in Juv. at 17 times, ast 7; Catull., Tibull., and Prop. use only at, and Pers. (Jahn) only ast; in prose, Cic. uses [p. 186] ast in his epistles. It joins to a previous thought a new one, either antithetical or simply different, and especially an objection; while sed denotes a direct opposition; and autem marks a transition, and denotes at once a connection and an opposition).

In adding a diff., but not entirely opp. thought, a qualification, restriction, etc., moreover, but, yet; sometimes an emphasized (but never merely copulative) and.

In gen.: SEI PARENTEM PVER VERBERIT AST OLE PLORASSIT PVER DIVEIS PARENTOM SACER ESTO, if the son strike his father, and the father complain, let the son, etc., Lex Serv. Tullii ap. Fest. s. v. plorare, p. 230 Müll.; Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 24: Philosophari est mihi necesse, at paucis, but only in a few words, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 65 Rib.:

DIVOS ET EOS QVI CAELESTES, SEMPER HABITI COLVNTO... AST OLLA PROPTER QVAE etc.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 3, 4, 11: hinc Remus auspicio se devovet atque secundam Solus avem servat. At Romulus pulcer in alto Quaerit Aventino, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 83 Vahl.); Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 22:

si ego hic peribo, ast ille, ut dixit, non redit,

id. ib. 3, 5, 25:

paret Amor dictis carae genetricis. At Venus Ascanio placidam per membra quietem Inrigat,

Verg. A. 1, 691:

(Aeneas) finem dedit ore loquendi. At, Phoebi nondum patiens, immanis in antro Bacchatur vates,

id. ib. 6, 77; 11, 709 sq.: quo (odore) totum nati corpus perduxit;

at illi Dulcis compositis spiravit crinibus aura,

id. G. 4, 416; so id. ib. 4, 460; 4, 513; id. A. 3, 259; 3, 675; 7, 81; 8, 241; 9, 793; Prop. 4, 4, 15; 4, 7, 11; Luc. 3, 664; 4, 36 al.—Also in prose (chiefly post-Aug.):

una (navis) cum Nasidianis profugit: at ex reliquis una praemissa Massiliam, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 7:

ubi facta sunt, in unum omnia miscentur. At pastilli haec ratio est, etc.,

Cels. 5, 17; 6, 18:

quamquam insideret urbem proprius miles, tres urbanae, novem praetoriae cohortes Etruriā ferme Umbriāque delectae aut vetere Latio et coloniis antiquitus Romanis. At apud idonea provinciarum sociae triremes etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 5; 4, 6:

negavit aliā se condicione adlecturum, quam si pateretur ascribi albo, extortum sibi a matre. At illa commota etc.,

Suet. Tib. 51; id. Calig. 15; 44; id. Vesp. 5; id. Dom. 4; id. Galb. 7 al.—In the enumeration of particulars:

Cum alio cantat, at tamen alii suo dat digito litteras, Naev., Com. Rel. p. 20 Rib.: dant alios aliae (silvae) fetus: dant utile lignum Navigiis pinos... At myrtus validis hastilibus et bona bello Cornus,

Verg. G. 2, 447:

Nam neque tum stellis acies obtunsa videtur... At nebulae magis etc.,

id. ib. 1, 401; 3, 87; id. A. 7, 691:

Hic altā Sicyone, ast hic Amydone relictā, Hic Andro, etc.,

Juv. 3, 69.— The Vulg. often uses at as a mere continuative, where even et or atque might stand: sciscitabur ab iis ubi Christus nasceretur. At illi dixerunt ei: In etc., Matt. 2, 5; 4, 20; 8, 32; 14, 29; 15, 34 et persaep.—In transition,

Esp.,

To a new narration, like the Gr. de; so the commencement of the fourth book of the Æneid: At regina gravi jam dudum saucia curā, etc. (the third book closes with the narrative of Æneas); so the beginning of the third book of the Thebaid of Statius: At non Aoniae moderator perfidus aulae, etc.; Verg. A. 4, 504; 5, 35; 5, 545; 5, 700; 5, 779; 6, 679; 7, 5; 8, 370; 8, 608; 9, 503; 10, 689; 11, 597; 12, 134 et saep.—Also in the postAug. histt. and other prose writers; so after speaking of the Ubii etc., Tac. says: At in Chaucis coeptavere seditionem praesidium agitantes etc., A. 1, 38; so ib. 4, 13; 12, 62; 14, 23 et saep.—

To a wonderful, terrible, unexpected, or exciting occurrence or circumstance:

clamores simul horrendos ad sidera tollit, etc.... At gemini lapsu delubra ad summa dracones Effugiunt,

Verg. A. 2, 225; 3, 225:

Lacte madens illic suberat Pan ilicis umbrae, Et facta agresti lignea falce Pales etc. At quā Velabri regio patet etc.,

Tib. 2, 5, 33; Verg. G. 4, 471:

consurgit Turnus in ensem et ferit. Exclamant Troes trepidique Latini, Arrectaeque amborum acies. At perfidus ensis Frangitur in medio,

id. A. 12, 731; 10, 763:

adusque Supremum tempus, ne se penuria victūs Opprimeret metuebat. At hunc liberta securi divisit medium,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 99: Magnus quanto mucrone minatur Noctibus hibernis et sidera terret Orion. At sonipes habitus etc., Stat. S. 1, 1, 46.—

To a passionate appeal, etc., in which case the antecedent clause is not expressed, but must be considered as existing in the mind of the speaker; cf. in Gr. alla su, su de.

In passing to an interrogation, exhortation, request:

At, scelesta, viden ut ne id quidem me dignum esse existumat?

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 23; id. Aul. 1, 1, 8:

At qui nummos tristis inuncat?

Lucil. 15, 21 Müll.: Me. Sauream non novi. Li. At nosce sane, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 58: Ca. Non adest. Ps. At tu cita, id. Ps. 1, 1, 30:

satis habeo, at quaeso hercle etiam vide,

id. Merc. 5, 4, 53 (Ritschl, sat habeo. Sed):

at unum hoc quaeso... Ut, etc.,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 89:

at tu, qui laetus rides mala nostra caveto Mox tibi,

Tib. 1, 2, 87:

Hunc ut Peleus vidit, At inferias, juvenum gratissime Crantor, Accipe, ait,

Ov. M. 12, 367:

at tu, nauta, vagae ne parce malignus arenae Ossibus et capiti inhumato Particulam dare,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 23.—In prose:

at vide quid succenseat,

Cic. Fam. 7, 24, 2:

itaque pulsus ego civitate non sum, quae nulla erat: at vide, quam ista tui latrocinii tela contempserim,

id. Part. Or. 4, 1, 28; id. Dom. 44; App. M. 6, p. 179, 18.—

In expressions of passion, astonishment, indignation, pain, etc.:

At ut scelesta sola secum murmurat,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 13: Sc. Nunc quidem domi certost: certa res est Nunc nostrum opservare ostium, [ubi] ubist. Pa. At, Sceledre, quaeso, Ut etc., id. Mil. 2, 4, 46:

At o deorum quidquid in caelo regit Terras et humanum genus, Quid iste fert tumultus?

Hor. Epod. 5, 1:

At tibi quanta domus rutila testudine fulgens, etc.,

Stat. S. 2, 4, 11.—In prose:

horum omnium studium una mater oppugnat: at quae mater?

Cic. Clu. 70; id. Verr. 2, 2, 45:

at per deos immortales! quid est, quod de hoc dici possit,

id. ib. 2, 1, 46:

institui senatores, qui omnia indicum responsa perscriberent. At quos viros!

id. Sull. 42; id. Deiot. 19, 33:

tangit et ira deos: at non impune feremus,

Ov. M. 8, 279; 10, 724:

at tibi Colchorum, memini, regina vacavi,

id. H. 12, 1.—

In indignant imprecations:

At te di omnes cum consilio, Calve, mactāssint malo! Pomp., Com. Rel. p. 245 Rib.: At te Juppiter diique omnes perdant!

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 37:

At te di deaeque faxint cum isto odio, Laches,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 59:

At te di perdant,

id. Eun. 3, 1, 41:

At tibi di dignum factis exitium duint,

id. And. 4, 1, 42:

At vobis male sit,

Cat. 3, 13:

At tibi, pro scelere, exclamat, pro talibus ausis Di... persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant Debita!

Verg. A. 2, 535.—In prose:

At vos, ait, devota capita, respiciant di perjuriorum vindices,

Just. 14, 4, 10.—

Rarely of friendly inclination, disposition:

At tibi di bene faciant omnes,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18:

At tibi di semper, adulescens, quisquis es, faciant bene,

id. Men. 5, 7, 32:

At tu, Catulle, destinatus obdura,

Cat. 8, 19.—

In entreaty:

At vos, o superi, miserescite regis,

Verg. A. 8, 572:

at tu, pater deūm hominumque, hinc saltem arce hostes,

Liv. 1, 12.—

In adding an entirely opposite thought, but, but indeed, but on the other hand, on the contrary, etc. (the strictly class. signif. of the word).

In gen.: at differentiam rerum significat: ut cum dicimus, Scipio est bellator, at M. Cato orator, Paul. ex Fest. p. 11 Müll.: splendet saepe, ast idem nimbis interdum nigret, Att., Trag. Rel. p. 170 Rib.: So. Mentire nunc. Me. At jam faciam, ut verum dicas dicere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 189: So. Per Jovem juro med etc. Me. At ego per Mercurium juro, tibi etc., id. ib. 1, 1, 280:

Atque oppido hercle bene velle illud visus sum, Ast non habere quoi commendarem caprum,

id. Merc. 2, 1, 22:

fecit idem Themistocles... at idem Pericles non fecit,

Cic. Att. 7, 11, 3:

non placet M. Antonio consulatus meus, at placuit P. Servilio,

id. Phil. 2, 5, 12:

majores nostri Tusculanos Aequos... in civitatem etiam acceperunt, at Karthaginem et Numantiam funditus sustulerunt,

id. Off. 1, 11, 35: brevis a naturā nobis vita data est;

at memoria bene redditae vitae sempiterna,

id. Phil. 14, 12, 32; id. Cat. 2, 2, 3; id. Leg. 2, 18:

crebras a nobis litteras exspecta, ast plures etiam ipse mittito,

id. Att. 1, 16 fin.: Rejectis pilis comminus gladiis pugnatum est. At Germani phalange factā impetus gladiorum exceperunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 52:

Postquam Caesar dicendi finem fecit, ceteri verbo alius alii varie adsentiebantur. At M. Porcius Cato hujusce modi orationem habuit,

Sall. C. 52, 1:

hac iter Elysium nobis, at laeva... ad impia Tartara mittit,

Verg. A. 6, 542: T. Ante leves ergo pascentur in aethere cervi... M. At nos hinc alii sitientīs ibimus Afros, id. E. 1, 65: Dam. Malo me Galatea petit, lasciva puella... Men. At mihi sese offert ultro meus ignis Amyntas, id. ib. 3, 66; 7, 35; 7, 55; id. G. 1, 219; 1, 242; 1, 370; 2, 151; 2, 184; 3, 331; 4, 18; 4, 180; id. A. 2, 35; 2, 687; 3, 424; 5, 264;

6, 489: Ast ego nutrici non mando vota,

Pers. 2, 39:

ast illi tremat etc.,

id. 6, 74:

Ast vocat officium,

id. 6, 27:

At Jesus audiens ait,

Vulg. Matt. 9, 12; 9, 22; 12, 3; 12, 48 et persaep.—

In order to strengthen a contrast, sometimes (esp. in Plaut. and Ter.) with contra, e contrario, potius, etiam, vero.

With contra:

Summis nitere opibus, at ego contra ut dissimilis siem,

Lucil. 26, 19 Müll.:

Ergo quod magnumst aeque leviusque videtur... At contra gravius etc.,

Lucr. 1, 366; so id. 1, 570; 1, 1087; 2, 235: L. Opimius ejectus est e patriā: At contra bis Catilina absolutus est, Cic. Pis. 95; id. Verr. 5, 66; id. Sex. Rosc. 131; id. Quinct. 75:

At tibi contra Evenit, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 27:

(Cornutus) taedio curarum mortem in se festinavit: at contra reus nihil infracto animo, etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 28.—

With e contrario: apud nos mercenarii scribae existimantur;

at apud illos e contrario nemo ad id officium admittitur, nisi, etc.,

Nep. Eum. 1, 5:

in locis siccis partibus sulcorum imis disponenda sunt semina, ut tamquam in alveolis maneant. At uliginosis e contrario in summo porcae dorso collocanda, etc.,

Col. 11, 3, 44.—

With potius:

at satius fuerat eam viro dare nuptum potius,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 44:

at potius serves nostram, tua munera, vitam,

Ov. H. 3, 149.—

With etiam: At etiam, furcifer, Male loqui mi audes? but do you even? etc., Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 31; id. Trin. 4, 2, 151; id. Rud. 3, 4, 6:

At etiam cubat cuculus. Surge, amator, i domum,

but he is yet abed, id. As. 5, 2, 73; so id. Capt. 2, 3, 98; id. Mil. 4, 4, 6:

Exi foras, sceleste. At etiam restitas, Fugitive!

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 1; 5, 6, 10: Proinde aut exeant, aut quiescant, etc.... at etiam sunt, Quirites, qui dicant, a me in exsilium ejectum esse Catilinam, on the contrary, there are indeed people who say. etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 12; id. Phil. 2, 30, 76; id. Quinct. 56; id. Verr. 5, 77; id. Dom. 70 al.—

With vero, but certainly:

At vero aut honoribus aucti aut etc.,

Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Off. 2, 20, 70; 2, 23, 80; id. Fin. 1, 10, 33; id. Verr. 2, 5, 17 al.—

With certe:

Numquam ego te, vitā frater amabilior, Aspiciam posthac. At certe semper amabo,

Cat. 65, 11; 66, 25. —

So, quidem—at (very rare) = quidem —autem, Cic. Off. 1, 22, 75.—

Ironically: Th. Quid valeam? Ly. At tu aegrota, si lubet, per me aetatem quidem, Plaut. Curc. 4, 3, 22:

at, credo, mea numina tandem Fessa jacent,

Verg. A. 7, 297; 7, 363; Ov. H. 1, 44.—

Very freq. in adding an objection, from one's own mind or another's, against an assertion previously made, but, on the contrary, in opposition to this; sometimes, but one may say, it may be objected, and the like:

Piscium magnam atque altilium vim interfecisti. At nego,

Lucil. 28, 43 Müll.:

Quid tandem te impedit? Mosne majorum? At persaepe etiam privati in hac re publicā perniciosos cives morte multārunt. An leges, quae de civium Romanorum supplicio rogatae sunt? At numquam in hac urbe etc.,

Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

Appellandi tempus non erat? At tecum plus annum vixit. In Galliā agi non potuit? At et in provinciā jus dicebatur et etc.,

id. Quinct. 41:

Male judicavit populus. At judicavit. Non debuit. At potuit. Non fero. At multi clarissimi cives tulerunt,

id. Planc. 11:

sunt, quos signa, quos caelatum argentum delectant. At sumus, inquiunt, civitatis principes,

id. Part. Or. 5, 2, 36; id. Fin. 4, 25, 71; id. Verr. 2, 2 fin.:

quid porro quaerendum est? Factumne sit? At constat: A quo? At patet,

id. Mil. 6, 15; id. Phil. 2, 9: convivium vicinorum cotidie compleo, quod ad multam noctem, quam maxime possumus, vario sermone producimus. At non est voluptatum tanta quasi titillatio in senibus. Credo: sed ne desideratio quidem, [p. 187] id. Sen. 14, 47:

multo magnus orator praestat minutis imperatoribus. At prodest plus imperator. Quis negat?

id. Brut. 73, 256; id. Div. 2, 29, 62; 2, 31, 67; 2, 32, 69 al.:

Maxime Juppiter! At in se Pro quaestu sumptum facit hic,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 18 al. — In this case freq. strengthened,

By pol, edepol, hercule: At pol ego neque florem neque flocces volo mihi, Caecil., Com. Rel. p. 67 Rib.: So. Non edepol volo profecto. Me. At pol profecto ingratiis, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 215; so id. As. 2, 2, 34; 4, 2, 14; id. Capt. 3, 4, 64; id. Cas. 2, 3, 15; id. Cist. 4, 2, 70; id. Trin. 2, 4, 73: Ha. Gaudio ero vobis. Ad. At edepol nos voluptati tibi, id. Poen. 5, 4, 61; 3, 1, 68:

At hercule aliquot annos populus Romanus maximā parte imperii caruit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 54; id. Sex. Rosc. 50:

at hercle in eā controversiā, quae de Argis est, superior sum,

Liv. 34, 31:

At, Hercule, reliquis omnibus etc.,

Plin. 7, 50, 51, § 169:

At, hercules, Diodorus et in morbo etc.,

id. 29, 6, 39, § 142:

At hercule Germanicum Druso ortum etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 3; 1, 17; 1, 26;

3, 54: At, hercules, si conscius fuissem etc.,

Curt. 6, 10, 20 al. —

By enim, which introduces a reason for the objection implied in at, but certainly, but surely, but indeed, etc., alla gar: At enim tu nimis spisse incedis, Naev., Com. Rel. p. 16 Rib.; Turp. id. p. 93: at enim nimis hic longo sermone utimur;

Diem conficimus,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 78:

At enim istoc nil est magis etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 21:

At enim vereor, inquit Crassus, ne haec etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 188:

cum dixisset Sophocles, O puerum pulchrum, Pericle. At enim praetorem, Sophocle, decet non solum manus, sed etiam oculos abstinentes habere, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 40, 144 Beier; so id. Mur. 35, 74; id. Inv. 2, 17, 52 al.:

at enim inter hos ipsos existunt graves controversiae,

id. Quinct. 1; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51; 20, 60; id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; id. Ac. 2, 17, 52:

At enim cur a me potissimum hoc praesidium petiverunt?

id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 15:

At enim quis reprehendet, quod in parricidas rei publicae decretum erit?

Sall. C. 51, 25 Kritz:

At enim quid ita solus ego circum curam ago?

Liv. 6, 15; 34, 32:

At enim eo foedere, quod etc.,

id. 21, 18; 34, 31; 39, 37: At enim nova nobis in fratrum filias conjugia;

sed etc.,

Tac. A. 12, 6.—

By tamen: Jam id peccatum primum magnum, magnum, at humanum tamen, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 53: Hi secretis sermonibus... conveniunt;

nam publice civitas talibus inceptis abhorrebat. At tamen interfuere quidam etc.,

Tac. H. 4, 55:

At certe tamen, inquiunt, quod etc.,

Cat. 10, 14.—

With a preced. negative, sometimes no antithesis is appended by at, but it is indicated that if what has been said is not true, yet at least something else is true, but yet; sometimes with tamen, but yet; or certe, but at least, yet at least:

Nolo victumas: at minimis me extis placare volo,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 95:

Si tibi non cordi fuerant conubia nostra,... At tamen in vostras potuisti ducere sedes,

Cat. 64, 158 sq.:

Non cognoscebantur foris, at domi: non ab alienis, at a suis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 11, 56:

Liceat haec nobis, si oblivisci non possumus, at tacere,

id. Fl. 25, 61:

Si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma, At sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi,

Verg. A. 1, 543; so id. ib. 4, 615, and 6, 406. —With certe:

Haec erant... quorum cognitio studiosis juvenibus si non magnam utilitatem adferet, at certe, quod magis petimus, bonam voluntatem,

Quint. 12, 11, 31; Cels. 2, 15; Suet. Calig. 12, al.—

The antithesis is sometimes not so much in the clause appended by at, as in the persons or things introduced in it; so,

Esp. freq. in conditional clauses with si, si non, si minus, etiam si, etc.; cf. Herm. ad Viger. 241: Si ego hic peribo, ast ille, ut dixit, non redit; At erit mi hoc factum mortuo memorabile, if I perish here, but he does not return, yet etc., Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 26; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 131:

si ego digna hac contumeliā Sum maxime, at tu indignus qui faceres tamen,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 25:

Si tu oblitus es, at di meminerunt,

Cat. 30, 11:

si non eo die, at postridie,

Cato, R. R. 2, 1:

si non paulo, at aliquanto (post petīsses),

Cic. Quinct. 40; 97; id. Mil. 93 al.:

quanta tempestas invidiae nobis, si minus in praesens, at in posteritatem impendeat,

id. Cat. 1, 22; id. Verr. 5, 69; id. Clu. 15: qui non possit, etiam si sine ullā suspitione, at non sine argumento male dicere, id. Cael. 3, 8.—

With etsi:

ei, etsi nequāquam parem illius ingenio, at pro nostro tamen studio meritam gratiam referamus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 4, 14; Tac. Or. 19.—

With quod si:

Quod si nihil cum potentiore juris humani relinquitur inopi, at ego ad deos confugiam,

Liv. 9, 1; Tac. A. 1, 67.—

At, like autem and de, sometimes serves simply to introduce an explanation: cum Sic mutilus miniteris. At illi foeda cicatrix etc., now an ugly scar etc., Hor. S. 1, 5, 60. —

And also like de in Hom. and Hdt., it sometimes introduces an apodosis,

With si: Bellona, si hobie nobis victoriam duis, ast ego templum tibi voveo, if to-day thou bestow victory, then I etc., ean—de, Liv. 10, 19.—

With quoniam: Nunc, quoniam tuum insanabile ingenium est, at tu tuo supplicio doce etc., since your disposition is past cure, at least etc., epei—de, Liv. 1, 28.

At is sometimes repeated at the beginning of several clauses,

In opposition each to the preceding clause: Soph. Tu quidem haut etiam octoginta's pondo. Paegn. At confidentiā Militia illa militatur multo magis quam pondere. At ego hanc operam perdo, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 47 sq.:

Si ego hic peribo, ast ille, ut dixit, non redit: At erit mi hoc factum mortuo memorabile,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 25 sq.; id. As. 5, 2, 6 sqq. (Cic., in Quir. 7 and 10, opposes at to sed, and Tac., in A. 12, 6, sed to at).—

In opposition to some common clause preceding:

At etiam asto? At etiam cesso foribus facere hisce assulas?

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 20: Quid tum esse existimas judicatum? Certe gratīs judicāsse. At condemnārat; at causam totam non audierat;

at in contionibus etc.,

Cic. Caecin. 113:

Sit flagitiorum omnium princeps: at est bonus imperator, at felix,

id. Verr. 5, 4; id. Sest. 47; id. Fragm. B. 16, 5 B. and K.: Nefarius Hippias Pisistrati filius arma contra patriam ferens;

at Sulla, at Marius, at Cinna recte, imo jure fortasse,

id. Att. 9, 10, 3: At non formosa est, at non bene culta puella;

At, puto, non votis saepe petita meis?

Ov. Am. 3, 7, 1 sq. Merk.:

At quam sunt similes, at quam formosus uterque!

id. F. 2, 395: rideri possit eo quod Rusticius tonso toga defluit: at est bonus ut melior vir Non alius quisquam; at tibi amicus;

at ingenium ingens Inculto latet hoc sub corpore,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 30 sqq. (cf. sed—

sed,

Cat. 64, 141; Juv. 5, 61; 8, 149; and a similar use of alla in Hellenistic Greek, as alla—alla, 2 Cor. 2, 17: alla—alla —alla, 1 Cor. 6, 11).—

Though regularly occupying the first place in its clause or sentence, it sometimes stands second (cf. atque fin.):

Saepius at si me, Lycida formose, revisas,

Verg. E. 7, 67; id. G. 3, 331:

Tutior at quanto merx est in classe secundā,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 47:

Mentior at si quid, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 8, 37:

Gramineis ast inde toris discumbitur,

Val. Fl. 8, 255:

Major at inde etc.,

Stat. Th. 4, 116.—See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 417-451; Wagner, Quaest. XXXVII. ad Verg. IV. pp. 581- 585.

cŏlōro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [id.].

To give a color to, to color, tinge (class.):

corpora,

Cic. N. D. 1, 39, 110:

lignum sinopide,

Plin. 35, 6, 13, § 31:

lineas testa trita,

id. 35, 3, 5, § 16:

medicamentum rubricā vel atramento,

Scrib. Comp. 228:

coloratum Tithoni conjuge caelum,

Ov. Am. 2, 5, 35.—

In partic., to color reddish or brownish, to tinge:

cum in sole ambulem, natura fit ut colorer,

Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 60; Quint. 5, 10, 81; Sen. Ep. 108, 4:

pira sole,

Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 54; Prop. 3 (4), 13, 16:

colorat aequora Nilus,

Cat. 11, 7.—

Trop. (cf. color, II.).

In gen., to imbue thoroughly:

sapientia nisi alte descendit et diu sedit animum non coloravit, sed infecit,

Sen. Ep. 71, 30.—

Esp.

Of discourse, to give it a coloring; and in pass., to retain or receive a coloring, to be tinged:

cum istos libros studiosius legerim, sentio orationem meam illorum tactu quasi colorari,

Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 60; id. Or. 13, 42:

urbanitate quādam quasi colorata oratio,

id. Brut. 46, 170. —

(In a bad sense.) To give a coloring, to gloss over, palliate, Val. Max. 8, 2, 2:

inepta sua serio vultu,

Prud. Cath. 2, 35 (cf. color, II. B. b.).—Hence, cŏlōrātus, a, um, P. a.

Colored, having color:

arcus,

Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51:

uvae,

Col. 11, 2:

pira,

Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 56.—

Esp., colored red, red, imbrowned, Quint. 5, 10, 81:

corpora,

having a healthy color, id. 8, prooem. § 19; cf.

virtus,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 7, 3:

aliquis speciosior et coloratior,

Cels. 2, 2:

Indi,

Verg. G. 4, 293:

Seres,

Ov. Am. 1, 14, 6:

Etrusci,

Mart. 10, 68.—

Trop., colored, specious:

ficta et colorata,

Sen. Ep. 16, 2.— Adv.: cŏlōrātē, in a specious or plausible manner:

offert tale patrocinium,

Quint. Decl. 285.

cōram, adv. and prep. [prob. kindred with ōs, ōris].

Object., in the presence of, before the eyes of, in the face of, before (freq. and class.).

Adv.:

vereor coram in os te laudare amplius,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 5:

omnia quae tute dudum coram me incusaveras,

id. Phorm. 5, 8, 21:

coram potius me praesente dixissent,

Cic. Agr. 3, 1, 1:

Manlius quoque ad restituendam aciem se ipse coram offert,

i. e. before the soldiers, Liv. 2, 47, 4:

ut veni coram, singultim pauca locutus,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 56 et saep.:

lenissimum genus admonitionis fuit traditio coram pugillarium,

in their presence, in their own hands, Suet. Aug. 39.—

With gen. (very rare):

coram noxae prehensus,

in the very act, App. M. 9, p. 226 fin. —So in coram with gen. in App. = coram:

omnium,

App. M. 7, p. 197, 21 Oud.; so id. ib. 9, p. 221, 17; 9, p. 223, 32; 10, p. 241, 5.—

Esp., with verbs of command, in one's presence, i. e. on the spot, forthwith (post-Aug.;

mostly in Suet.): clipeos et imagines ejus coram detrahi jubet,

Suet. Dom. 23:

Pinarium... coram confodi imperavit,

id. Aug. 27:

essedum... redimi concidique coram imperavit,

id. Claud. 16 (al. explain coram in all these passages as = coram omnibus, i. e. publicly, openly; cf. palam).—Hence, coram deprehensus = ep autophôrôi, in the very act, App. M. 3, p. 131, 2.—

Prep with abl.

Before the noun:

coram genero meo quae dicere ausus es?

Cic. Pis. 6, 12:

coram frequentissimo legationum conventu,

Nep. Epam. 6, 4; Quint. 6, 3, 47; Tac. A. 4, 75:

coram judicibus,

Suet. Aug. 56:

coram ipso,

id. Tib. 43; so id. ib. 62:

coram populo,

Hor. A. P. 185:

coram latrone,

Juv. 10, 22 al. —

After the noun (freq. in Tac.):

ipso Germanico coram,

Tac. A. 3, 14; so id. ib. 3, 24; 4, 8; 13, 32; Suet. Ner. 33; id. Oth. 1:

te coram,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 95.—

Subject. adv., present in one's own person or presence, personally (very freq. and class.):

quia ted ipsus coram praesens praesentem videt,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 43:

istos rastros... faoito coram ut tradas in manum,

id. Merc. 2, 2, 7:

sine me expurgem atque illum huc coram adducam,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 29:

velut si coram adesset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32; so,

adesse,

Verg. A. 1, 595:

eadem fere, quae ex nuntiis litteris cognoverat, coram perspicit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 11; so,

opp. letters,

Cic. Att. 1, 20, 1; 7, 3, 12; 12, 1, 2 al.; cf. with abl.:

coram me tecum eadem haec agere saepe conantem deterruit pudor, quae nunc expromam absens audacius,

by word of mouth, id. Fam. 5, 12. 1:

coram cernere letum nati,

Verg. A. 2, 538:

quod coram etiam ex ipso audiebamus,

Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 13:

fidem nec dare nec accipere nisi cum ipso coram duce,

Liv. 28, 17, 8; 28, 18, 7; 36, 11, 1; 43, 5, 6: rexque paterque Audisti coram, nec verbo parcius absens, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 38; Verg. A. 3, 173; Ov. M. 9, 560 et saep.

ignis, is (abl. usu. igni; poet. and postAug. igne; so Plin. ap. Charis. p. 98 P.; Charis. p. 33 P.; Prisc. p. 766 P.; and always in Mart., e. g. 1, 21, 5; 4, 57, 6; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 223 sq.;

scanned ignis,

Verg. E. 3, 66; id. G. 3, 566; Ov. H. 16, 230; Lucr. 1, 663; 853;

but ignīs,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 36), m. [Sanscr. agnis, fire; Lith. ugn-is; Slav. ogný; Gr. aiglê, aglaos], fire (com mon in sing. and plur.; cf. flamma, incendium).

Lit.:

lapidum conflictu atque tritu elici ignem videmus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 25:

admoto igni ignem concipere,

id. de Or. 2, 45, 190:

pati ab igne ignem capere, si qui velit,

id. Off. 1, 16, 52; cf.:

datur ignis, tametsi ab inimico petas,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 53:

ignis periculum,

id. Leg. 2, 23, 58; plur. = sing.:

subditis ignibus aquae fervescunt,

id. N. D. 2, 10, 27:

cum omnes naturae numini divino, caelum, ignes, terrae, maria parerent,

id. ib. 1, 9, 22:

hisce animus datus est ex illis sempiternis ignibus, quae sidera et stellas vocatis,

id. Rep. 6, 15:

ut fumo atque ignibus significabatur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 7 fin.:

quod pluribus simul locis ignes coörti essent,

Liv. 26, 27, 5:

ignibus armata multitudo, facibusque ardentibus collucens,

id. 4, 33, 2:

ignes fieri prohibuit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 30, 5:

ignem accendere,

Verg. A. 5, 4:

ignem circum subicere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69:

ignem operibus inferre,

Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 1:

ignem comprehendere,

id. B. G. 5, 43, 2:

igni cremari,

id. ib. 1, 4, 1:

urbi ferro ignique minitari,

Cic. Phil. 11, 14 fin.:

ignis in aquam conjectus,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 17 et saep.:

quodsi incuria insulariorum ignis evaserit (opp. incendium inferre),

Paul. Sent. 5, 3, 6.— Poet.:

fulsere ignes et conscius aether,

lightnings, Verg. A. 4, 167; cf.: Diespiter Igni corusco nubila [p. 881] dividens, Hor. C. 1, 34, 6:

caelum abscondere tenebrae nube una subitusque antennas impulit ignis,

Juv. 12, 19; 13, 226:

micat inter omnes Julium sidus, velut inter ignes luna minores,

i. e. stars, id. ib. 1, 12, 47:

et jam per moenia clarior ignis Auditur,

the crackling of fire, Verg. A. 2, 705:

Eumenidum ignis,

torches, Juv. 14, 285.—

In partic.

Sacer ignis, a disease, St. Anthony's fire, erysipelas, Cels. 5, 28, 4; Verg. G. 3, 566; Col. 7, 5, 16.—

Aqua et ignis, to signify the most important necessaries of life; v. aqua.—

Transf., brightness, splendor, brilliancy, lustre, glow, redness (mostly poet.):

fronte curvatos imitatus ignes lunae,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 57; cf.:

jam clarus occultum Andromedae pater Ostendit ignem,

id. ib. 3, 29, 17; so of the brightness of the stars, Ov. M. 4, 81; 11, 452; 15, 665;

of the sun,

id. ib. 1, 778; 4, 194; 7, 193;

of Aurora,

id. ib. 4, 629:

arcano florentes igne smaragdi,

Stat. Th. 2, 276; cf. Mart. 14, 109; and:

acies stupet igne metalli,

Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 51:

cum ignis oculorum cum eo igne qui est ob os offusus,

redness, blush, Cic. Univ. 14; Stat. Ach. 1, 516.—

Firewood, fuel:

caulis miseris atque ignis emendus,

Juv. 1, 134.—

Trop.

(Mostly poet.) The fire or glow of passion, in a good or bad sense; of anger, rage, fury:

exarsere ignes animo,

Verg. A. 2, 575:

saevos irarum concipit ignes,

Val. Fl. 1, 748; most freq. of the flame of love, love:

cum odium non restingueritis, huic ordini ignem novum subici non sivistis,

Cic. Rab. Post. 6, 13:

laurigerosque ignes, si quando avidissimus hauri,

raving, inspiration, Stat. Ach. 1, 509:

quae simul aethereos animo conceperat ignes, ore dabat pleno carmina vera dei,

Ov. F. 1, 473:

(Dido) caeco carpitur igni,

the secret fire of love, Verg. A. 4, 2; so in sing., Ov. M. 3, 490; 4, 64; 195; 675 et saep.; in plur., Hor. C. 1, 13, 8; 1, 27, 16; 3, 7, 11; Ov. M. 2, 410; 6, 492 et saep.; cf.:

socii ignes,

i. e. nuptials, Ov. M. 9, 796.—

Transf., like amores, a beloved object, a flame (only poet.):

at mihi sese offert ultro meus ignis, Amyntas,

Verg. E. 3, 66; Hor. Epod. 14, 13.—

Figuratively of that which brings destruction, fire, flame:

quem ille obrutum ignem (i. e. bellum) reliquerit,

Liv. 10, 24, 13:

ne parvus hic ignis (i. e. Hannibal) incendium ingens exsuscitet,

id. 21, 3, 6; cf.:

et Syphacem et Carthaginienses, nisi orientem illum ignem oppressissent, ingenti mox incendio arsuros,

i. e. Masinissa, id. 29, 31, 3.

mĕdĭus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. madhya, the same; Gr. mesos; Angl. - Sax. midd; Germ. Mitte; cf. dimidius, meridies (medi-), etc.], that is in the middle or midst, mid, middle (class.).

Adj.

Lit.:

terra complexa medium mundi locum,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 18; cf. id. ib. 6, 17, 17:

medium mundi locum petere,

id. Tusc. 5, 24, 69:

versus aeque prima, et media, et extrema pars attenditur,

id. de Or. 3, 50, 192:

ultimum, proximum, medium tempus,

id. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

in foro medio,

in the midst of the forum, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14; Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 6; cf.:

medio foro,

in the open forum, Suet. Claud. 18 al.:

in solio medius consedit,

sat in the middle, Ov. F. 3, 359; Verg. A. 7, 169:

considit scopulo medius,

id. G. 4, 436:

concilio medius sedebat,

Ov. M. 10, 144:

ignes,

Verg. A. 12, 201:

medio tempore,

in the meantime, meanwhile, Suet. Caes. 76: vinum novum, vetus, medium, i. e. neither old nor new, Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 31, 14:

cum plenus fluctu medius foret alveus,

full to the middle, Juv. 12, 30.—With dat.:

Peloponnesii Megaram, mediam Corintho Athenisque urbem, condidere,

midway between Corinth and Athens, Vell. 1, 2, 4.—With abl.:

si medius Polluce et Castore ponar,

between, Ov. Am. 2, 16, 13.—With inter:

cum inter bellum et pacem medium nihil sit,

there is no medium, no middle course between, Cic. Phil. 8, 1, 4:

inter quos numeros duo medii inveniuntur (sc. numeri),

Mart. Cap. 7, § 737.—With gen.:

locus medius regionum earum,

half-way between, Caes. B. G. 4, 19:

locus medius juguli summique lacerti,

between, Ov. M. 6, 409; 5, 564:

et medius juvenum ibat,

id. F. 5, 67:

medius silentūm,

Stat. Th. 4, 683.—With ex:

medius ex tribus,

Sall. J. 11, 3:

medium arripere aliquem,

to seize one by the middle, around the body, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 18:

juvenem medium complectitur,

Liv. 23, 9, 9:

Alcides medium tenuit,

held him fast by the middle, Luc. 4, 652:

medium ostendere unguem,

to point with the middle finger, Juv. 10, 53.—

Transf., half (ante- and postclass.):

hieme demunt cibum medium,

half their food, Varr. R. R. 3, 7, 9:

scrupulum croci,

Pall. Jan. 18: aurum... Italicis totum, medium provincialibus reddidit, Capitol. Anton. Pius, 4 fin. —

Trop., of the middle, not very great or small, middling, medial, moderate.

Of age:

aetatis mediae vir,

of middle age, Phaedr. 2, 2, 3.—

Of plans, purposes, etc.:

nihil medium, nec spem nec curam, sed immensa omnia volventes animo,

Liv. 2, 49, 5:

medium quiddam tenere,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 9.—

Of intellect:

eloquentiā medius,

middling, tolerable, Vell. 2, 29, 2:

ingenium,

moderate, Tac. H. 1, 49.—

Undetermined, undecided:

medios esse,

i. e. neutral, Cic. Att. 10, 8, 4:

medium se gerere,

Liv. 2, 27:

se dubium mediumque partibus praestitit,

Vell. 2, 21, 1; cf.:

responsum,

indefinite, ambiguous, Liv. 39, 39: vocabula, that can be taken in a good or bad sense, ambiguous, Gell. 12, 9, 1. —

Indifferent, not imperative: officium, a duty which is not distinctly enjoined by the moral law, but is sustained by preponderant reasoning:

medium officium id esse dicunt (Graeci) quod cur factum sit, ratio probabilis reddi possit,

Cic. Off. 1, 3, 8; cf.:

ex quo intellegitur, officium medium quiddam esse, quod neque in bonis ponatur neque in contrariis,

id. Fin. 3, 17, 58; cf.

sqq. and Madv. ad loc.: artes,

which in themselves are neither good nor bad, indifferent, Quint. 2, 20, 1.—

Intermediate:

medium erat in Anco ingenium, et Numae et Romuli memor,

of a middle kind, resembling each in some degree, Liv. 1, 32, 4:

nihil habet ista res (actoris) medium, sed aut lacrimas meretur aut risum,

Quint. 6, 1, 45:

ille jam paene medius adfectus est ex amoribus et desideriis amicorum,

Quint. 6, 2, 17.—Hence, as subst.: mĕdĭus, i, m., one who stands or comes between, a mediator:

medium sese offert,

as a mediator, Verg. A. 7, 536:

pacator mediusque Syphax,

Sil. 16, 222:

pacis eras mediusque belli,

arbiter, Hor. C. 2, 19, 28; cf.:

nunc mediis subeant irrita verba deis,

oaths in which the gods were called upon to be mediators, Ov. R. Am. 678.—

Central, with ex or in:

ex factione media consul,

fully committed to it, Sall. H. 3, 61, 8;

so (nearly = intimus), viros fortīs et magnanimos eosdem bonos et simplicīs... esse volumus: quae sunt ex media laude justititiae,

these qualities are clearly among those which make uprightness praiseworthy, Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63:

partitiones oratoriae, quae e media illa nostra Academia effloruerunt,

id. Part. Or. 40, 139:

ingressio e media philosophia repetita est,

id. Or. 3, 11; id. Leg. 2, 21, 53:

in medio maerore et dolore,

id. Tusc. 4, 29, 63; id. Q. Fr. 2, 15, 1:

in media dimicatione,

the hottest of the fight, Suet. Aug. 10; cf.:

in medio ardore certaminis,

Curt. 8, 4, 27:

in media solitudine,

the most profound, Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 2:

in mediis divitiis,

in abundant wealth, id. Vit. Beat. 26, 1:

in medio robore virium,

Liv. 28, 35, 6:

in medio ardore belli,

id. 24, 45, 4:

in media reipublicae luce,

the full blaze of public life, Quint. 1, 2, 18:

media inter pocula,

Juv. 8, 217.—Hence,

Subst.: mĕdĭum, ii, n., the middle, midst.

Lit.

Of space (very rare in Cic.):

in medio aedium sedens,

Liv. 1, 57, 9:

maris,

id. 31, 45, 11; for which, without in, medio aedium eburneis sellis sedere, id. 5, 41, 2:

medio viae ponere,

id. 37, 13, 10:

in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis, saepe in medio adesse,

Sall. J. 45, 2; for which, without in, medio sextam legionem constituit, Tac. A. 13, 38:

medio montium porrigitur planities,

id. ib. 1, 64:

medio stans hostia ad aras,

Verg. G. 3, 486:

medio tutissimus ibis,

Ov. M. 2, 137:

in medium geminos immani pondere caestus Projecit,

Verg. A. 5, 401:

in medium sarcinas coniciunt,

Liv. 10, 36, 1; 13:

equitatus consulem in medium acceptum, armis protegens, in castra reduxit,

id. 21, 46, 9.— Trop.:

tamquam arbiter honorarius medium ferire voluisse,

to cut through the middle, Cic. Fat. 17, 39:

intacta invidiā media sunt, ad summa ferme tendit,

Liv. 45, 35.—

Of time:

diei,

Liv. 27, 48:

medio temporis,

in the meantime, meanwhile, Tac. A. 13, 28; cf.:

nec longum in medio tempus, cum,

the interval, Verg. A. 9, 395; Ov. M. 4, 167; Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 13.—

Transf.

The midst of all, the presence of all, the public, the community (class.):

in medio omnibus palma est posita, qui artem tractant musicam,

lies open to all, Ter. Phorm. prol. 16:

tabulae sunt in medio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 104:

rem totam in medio ponere,

publicly, id. ib. 2, 1, 11, §

29: ponam in medio sententias philosophorum,

id. N. D. 1, 6, 13:

dicendi ratio in medio posita,

lies open to all, id. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

rem in medium proferre,

to publish, make known, id. Fam. 15, 27, 6: vocare in medium, before the public, before a public tribunal:

rem in medium vocare coeperunt,

id. Clu. 28, 77:

in medio relinquere,

to leave it to the public, leave it undecided, id. Cael. 20, 48; Sall. C. 19, 16: pellere e medio, to expel, reject, Enn. ap. Cic. Mur. 14, 30 (Ann. v. 272 Vahl.); Cic. Off. 3, 8, 37:

cum jacentia verba sustulimus e medio,

adopt words from the people, common words, id. de Or. 3, 45, 177; cf.: munda sed e medio consuetaque verba puellae Scribite, Ov. A. A. 3, 479: tollere de medio, to do away with, abolish:

litteras,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 71, § 176: tollere de medio, to put out of the way, cut off, destroy:

hominem,

id. Rosc. Am. 7, 20:

de medio removere,

to put out of sight, id. ib. 8, 23: e medio excedere or abire, to leave the world, to die:

e medio excessit,

she is dead, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 74:

ea mortem obiit, e medio abiit,

id. ib. 5, 8, 30:

tollite lumen e medio,

Juv. 9, 106: recedere de medio, to go away, retire, withdraw:

cur te mihi offers? recede de medio,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 112:

in medio esse,

to be present, Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 32:

in medium venire or procedere,

to appear, come forward, show one's self in public, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 71, § 175: in medium, before the public, for the public, for the community:

communes utilitates in medium afferre,

id. Off. 1, 7, 22:

consulere in medium,

to care for the public good, for the good of all, Verg. A. 11, 335;

so opp. separantem suas res a publicis,

Liv. 24, 22, 14 sq.; 26, 12, 7:

quaerere,

to make acquisitions for the use of all, Verg. G. 1, 127: cedere, to fall or devolve to the community, Tac. H. 4, 64:

conferre laudem,

i. e. so that all may have a share of it, Liv. 6, 6:

dare,

to communicate for the use of all, Ov. M. 15, 66:

in medium conferre, in gaming,

to put down, put in the pool, Suet. Aug. 71: in medio, for sub dio, in the open air:

scorpios fugari posse, si aliqui ex eis urantur in medio,

Pall. 1, 35, 12.—

A half (ante-class. and post-Aug.):

scillae medium conterunt cum aqua,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7:

scrobem ad medium completo,

Col. Arb. 4, 5.—Hence,

Adv.: mĕdĭē, in the middle, in a middling degree, moderately, tolerably (except once in Tac. only post-class.):

qui noluerant medie,

kept quiet, remained neutral, Tac. H. 1, 19:

nec plane optimi, nec oppido deterrimi sunt, sed quasi medie morati,

App. Dogm. Plat. 2, p. 22, 23; Eutr. 7, 13; Lact. 6, 15 fin.:

ortus medie humilis,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 20.—

Indefinitely, Ambros. in Luc. 8, 17, 34.

nēnĭa ( naenĭa), ae (abl. neniā, dissyl., Ov. F. 6, 142), f., a funeral song, song of lamentation, dirge: naenia est carmen quod in funere laudandi gratiā cantatur ad tibiam, Paul. ex Fest. p. 161 Müll.; cf. Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 3; Diom. p. 482 P.:

honoratorum virorum laudes cantu ad tibicinem prosequantur, cui nomen nenia,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 62:

absint inani funere neniae,

Hor. C. 2, 20, 21; Suet. Aug. 100.—

Transf.

A mournful song or ditty of any kind:

Ceae retractes munera neniae,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 38: huic homini amanti mea era dixit neniam de bonis, has sung the death-dirge over his property, i. e. has buried, has consumed it, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 3.—Prov.:

nenia ludo id fuit,

my joy was turned to grief, Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 32.—

A magic song, incantation:

Marsa,

Hor. Epod. 17, 29.—

A common, trifling song, popular song; a nursery song, lullaby; a song in gen.:

puerorum Nenia, quae regnum recte facientibus offert,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 62:

dicetur meritā Nox quoque neniā,

id. C. 3, 28, 16:

legesne potius viles nenias?

mere songs, Phaedr. 3 prol. 10:

lenes neniae,

lullabies, Arn. 7, 237:

histrionis,

id. 6, 197.—

Nenia soricina, the cry of the shrewmouse when caught and pierced through, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 48.—

Personified: Nēnia, the goddess of funeral songs, the dirge-goddess, to whom a chapel was dedicated before the Viminal gate, Arn. 4, 131; Aug. Civ. Dei, 6, 9.

nēnĭa ( naenĭa), ae (abl. neniā, dissyl., Ov. F. 6, 142), f., a funeral song, song of lamentation, dirge: naenia est carmen quod in funere laudandi gratiā cantatur ad tibiam, Paul. ex Fest. p. 161 Müll.; cf. Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 3; Diom. p. 482 P.:

honoratorum virorum laudes cantu ad tibicinem prosequantur, cui nomen nenia,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 62:

absint inani funere neniae,

Hor. C. 2, 20, 21; Suet. Aug. 100.—

Transf.

A mournful song or ditty of any kind:

Ceae retractes munera neniae,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 38: huic homini amanti mea era dixit neniam de bonis, has sung the death-dirge over his property, i. e. has buried, has consumed it, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 3.—Prov.:

nenia ludo id fuit,

my joy was turned to grief, Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 32.—

A magic song, incantation:

Marsa,

Hor. Epod. 17, 29.—

A common, trifling song, popular song; a nursery song, lullaby; a song in gen.:

puerorum Nenia, quae regnum recte facientibus offert,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 62:

dicetur meritā Nox quoque neniā,

id. C. 3, 28, 16:

legesne potius viles nenias?

mere songs, Phaedr. 3 prol. 10:

lenes neniae,

lullabies, Arn. 7, 237:

histrionis,

id. 6, 197.—

Nenia soricina, the cry of the shrewmouse when caught and pierced through, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 48.—

Personified: Nēnia, the goddess of funeral songs, the dirge-goddess, to whom a chapel was dedicated before the Viminal gate, Arn. 4, 131; Aug. Civ. Dei, 6, 9.

rĕ-fĕro, rettŭli (also written retuli), rĕlātum (rēlātum or rellatum, Lucr. 2, 1001), rĕferre, v. a. irr., to bear, carry, bring, draw, or give back (very freq. and class.; cf.: reduco, reporto, retraho).

Lit.

Ingen.: zonas, quas plenas argenti extuli, eas ex provinciā inanes rettuli, C. Gracchus ap. Gell. 15, 12 fin.:

arma,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 25:

vasa domum,

id. Poen. 4, 2, 25; cf.:

pallam domum,

id. Men. 5, 7, 59; 4, 2, 97; 98; cf.:

anulum ad me,

id. Cas. 2, 1, 1;

and simply pallam, spinther,

id. Men. 3, 3, 16; 5, 1, 5; 5, 2, 56:

secum aurum,

id. Aul. 4, 5, 4:

exta,

id. Poen. 2, 44:

uvidum rete sine squamoso pecu,

id. Rud. 4, 3, 5:

aestus aliquem in portum refert,

id. As. 1, 3, 6:

Auster me ad tribulos tuos Rhegium rettulit,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 3: ut naves eodem, unde erant profectae, reterrentur, Caes. B. G. 4, 28:

me referunt pedes in Tusculanum,

Cic. Att. 15, 16, B; cf.:

aliquem lecticae impositum domum,

Suet. Caes. 82; and:

in Palatium,

id. Vit. 16: intro referre pedem, to turn one ' s feet back, to return, Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 50; cf.:

incertus tuum cave ad me rettuleris pedem,

id. Ep. 3, 4, 3:

caelo rettulit illa pedem,

Ov. H. 16, 88; 15, 186:

fertque refertque pedes,

id. F. 6, 334 (for a different use of the phrase, v. infra B. 2.):

in decimum vestigia rettulit annum (victoria),

Verg. A. 11, 290:

in convivia gressum,

Sil. 11, 355:

in thalamos cursum,

id. 8, 89:

ad nomen caput ille refert,

turns his head, looks back, Ov. M. 3, 245:

suumque Rettulit os in se,

drew back, concealed, id. ib. 2, 303:

ad Tuneta rursum castra refert,

Liv. 30, 16:

corpus in monumentum,

Petr. 113:

relatis Lacedaemona (ossibus),

Just. 3, 3, 12:

gemmam non ad os, sed ad genas,

Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 5: digitos ad os referre, to draw back (v. digitus), Quint. 11, 3, 103:

digitos ad frontem saepe,

Ov. M. 15, 567:

manum ad capulum,

Tac. A. 15, 58 fin.:

rursus enses vaginae,

Sil. 7, 508:

pecunias monumentaque, in templum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 21:

caput ejus in castra,

id. B. G. 5, 58:

vulneratos in locum tutum,

id. B. C. 2, 41:

cornua (urorum) in publicum,

id. B. G. 6, 28:

frumentum omne ad se referri jubet,

id. ib. 7, 71:

signa militaria, scutum, litteras ad Caesarem,

id. ib. 7, 88; id. B. C. 3, 53; 3, 99; id. B. G. 1, 29; 5, 49:

Caesaris capite relato,

id. B. C. 3, 19 fin. —

Esp.: referre se, to go back, return:

Romam se rettulit,

Cic. Fl. 21, 50:

sese in castra,

Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.:

se huc,

id. ib. 2, 8, 2:

domum me Ad porri catinum,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 115:

sese ab Argis (Juno),

Verg. A. 7, 286:

se ab aestu,

Ov. M. 14, 52; cf.:

se de Britannis ovans,

Tac. A. 13, 32:

causam Cleanthes offert, cur se sol referat,

Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 37.—

Pass. in mid. sense, to return, arrive:

sin reiciemur, tamen eodem paulo tardius referamur necesse est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 119:

classem relatam,

Verg. A. 1, 390:

nunc Itali in tergum versis referuntur habenis,

Sil. 4, 317; 7, 623.—

To withdraw, remove:

fines benignitatis introrsus referre,

to narrow, Sen. Ben. 1, 14, 5:

Seleucia ab mari relata,

remote, Plin. 5, 27, 22, § 93. —

In partic.

To give back something due; to give up, return, restore, pay back, repay (= reddere):

scyphos, quos utendos dedi Philodamo, rettuleritne?

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 34; cf. id. Aul. 4, 10, 29; 37; 38;

and, pateram (surreptam),

Cic. Div. 1, 25, 54:

argentum,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 29; so (with reddere) id. Curc. 5, 3, 45:

mercedem (with reddere),

id. As. 2, 4, 35; cf.:

octonis idibus aera,

to pay the money for tuition. Hor. S. 1, 6, 75 (v. idus):

si non Rettuleris pannum,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 32; 1, 6, 60:

verum, si plus dederis, referam,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 112.—

Referre pedem or gradum, as a milit. t. t., to draw back, retire, withdraw, retreat (different from the gen. signif., to return, and the above passages):

vulneribus defessi pedem referre coeperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25; cf.:

ut paulatim cedant ac pedem referant,

id. B. C. 2, 40; Liv. 7, 33; so,

referre pedem,

Caes. B. C. 1, 44 (with loco excedere); Cic. Phil. 12, 3 (opp. insistere); Liv. 3, 60 (opp. restituitur pugna);

21, 8 al.— For the sake of euphony: referre gradum: cum pedes referret gradum,

Liv. 1, 14. —

And, in a like sense, once mid.: a primā acie ad triarios sensim referebatur,

Liv. 8, 8, 11.—

Transf., out of the milit. sphere:

feroque viso retulit retro pedem (viator),

Phaedr. 2, 1, 8; cf.:

viso rettulit angue pedem,

Ov. F. 2, 342; 6, 334:

rettulit ille gradus horrueruntque comae,

id. ib. 2, 502:

(in judiciis) instare proficientibus et ab iis, quae non adjuvant, quam mollissime pedem oportet referre,

Quint. 6, 4, 19.

Trop., to bear or carry back, to bring, draw, or give back.

In gen.: (Saxum) ejulatu... Resonando mutum flebiles voces refert, Att. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94 (Trag. Rel. p. 176 Rib.); cf. Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14, § 42:

sonum,

id. N. D. 2, 57, 144; id. Or. 12, 38; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 201 al.:

voces,

Ov. M. 12, 47; cf.:

Coëamus rettulit Echo,

id. ib. 3, 387: cum ex CXXV. judicibus reus L. referret, restored to the list, i. e. retained, accepted (opp. quinque et LXX. reiceret), Cic. Planc. 17:

o mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos!

Verg. A. 8, 560; cf.: tibi tempora, Hor. C. 4, 13, 13:

festas luces (sae culum),

id. ib. 4, 6, 42:

dies siccos (sol),

id. ib. 3, 29, 20 et saep.:

hoc quidem jam periit: Ni quid tibi hinc in spem referas,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 3:

ad amicam meras querimonias referre,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 65:

hic in suam domum ignominiam et calamitatem rettulit,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138; cf.:

pro re certā spem falsam domum rettulerunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:

rem publicam sistere negat posse, nisi ad equestrem ordinem judicia referantur,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223:

servati civis decus referre,

Tac. A. 3, 21:

e cursu populari referre aspectum in curiam,

to turn back, turn towards, Cic. Prov. Cons. 16, 38; cf.:

oculos animumque ad aliquem,

id. Quint. 14, 47:

animum ad studia,

id. de Or. 1, 1, 1:

animum ad veritatem,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48:

animum ad firmitudinem,

Tac. A. 3, 6 et saep.:

multa dies variique labor mutabilis aevi Rettulit in melius,

brought to a better state, Verg. A. 11, 426:

uterque se a scientiae delectatione ad efficiendi utilitatem refert,

Cic. Rep. 5, 3, 5; so,

se ad philosophiam referre,

to go back, return, id. Off. 2, 1, 4:

ut eo, unde digressa est, referat se oratio,

id. ib. 2, 22, 77.—

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) To pay back, give back, repay (syn. reddo):

denique Par pari referto,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 55; cf.:

quod ab ipso adlatum est, id sibi esse relatum putet,

id. Phorm. prol. 21:

ut puto, non poteris ipsa referre vicem,

pay him back in his own coin, Ov. A. A. 1, 370; Sen. Herc. Fur. 1337. — Esp. in the phrase referre gratiam (rarely gratias), to return thanks, show one ' s gratitude (by deeds), to recompense, requite (cf.:

gratiam habeo): spero ego mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratium referam parem,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 39:

parem gratiam,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 51:

et habetur et refertur, Thais, a me ita, uti merita es, gratia,

id. ib. 4, 6, 12; cf.:

meritam gratiam debitamque,

Cic. de Or. 3, 4, 14:

justam ac debitam gratiam,

id. Balb. 26, 59:

pro eo mihi ac mereor relaturos esse gratiam,

id. Cat. 4, 2, 3; 1, 11, 28; id. Off. 2, 20, 69:

fecisti ut tibi numquam referre gratiam possim,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 12; id. Most. 1, 3, 57; id. Pers. 5, 2, 71; id. Ps. 1, 3, 86; id. Rud. 5, 3, 36 al.; Cic. Lael. 15, 53; Caes. B. G. 1, 35:

alicui pro ejus meritis gratiam referre,

id. ib. 5, 27 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 39; 3, 1, fin.:

gratiam emeritis,

Ov. P. 1, 7, 61:

gratiam factis,

id. Tr. 5, 4, 47.— Plur.:

pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores ei habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 39; 10, 11, 1:

dis advenientem gratias pro meritis agere,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 27; v. gratia.—

To bring back any thing; to repeat, renew, restore, = repetere, retractare, renovare, etc.:

(Hecyram) Iterum referre,

to produce it again, Ter. Hec. prol. 7; id. ib. prol. alt. 21 and 30; cf. Hor. A. P. 179.— So, to bring up for reconsideration:

rem judicatam,

Cic. Dom. 29, 78:

ludunt... Dictaeos referunt Curetas,

Lucr. 2, 633:

Actia pugna per pueros refertur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 62: institutum referri ac renovari, Civ. Div. in Caecil. 21, 68; cf.:

consuetudo longo intervallo repetita ac relata,

id. ib. 21, 67:

te illud idem, quod tum explosum et ejectum est, nunc rettulisse demiror,

Cic. Clu. 31, 86:

cum ad idem, unde semel profecta sunt, cuncta astra redierint eandemque totius caeli descriptionem longis intervallis retulerint,

id. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

mysteria ad quae biduo serius veneram,

id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:

quasdam caerimonias ex magno intervallo,

Liv. 3, 55:

antiquum morem,

Suet. Caes. 20:

consuetudinem antiquam,

id. Tib. 32 et saep.:

cum aditus consul idem illud responsum rettulit,

repeated, Liv. 37, 6 fin.:

veterem Valeriae gentis in liberandā patriā laudem,

to restore, Cic. Fl. 1, 1:

hunc morem, hos casus atque haec certamina primus Ascanius Rettulit,

Verg. A. 5, 598:

O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,

id. ib. 8, 560.—

To represent, set forth anew, reproduce, etc.:

referre Naturam, mores, victum motusque parentum,

to reproduce, Lucr. 1, 597:

majorum vultus vocesque comasque,

id. 4, 1221:

mores, os vultusque ejus (sc. patris),

Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 9:

parentis sui speciem,

Liv. 10, 7; cf.:

(Tellus) partim figuras Rettulit antiquas, partim nova monstra creavit,

Ov. M. 1, 437:

faciem demptā pelle novam,

Tib. 1, 8, 46:

temporis illius vultum,

Ov. M. 13, 443: si quis mihi parvulus aulā Luderet Aeneas, qui te tamen ore [p. 1545] referret, might represent, resemble thee, Verg. A. 4, 329; cf.:

nomine avum referens, animo manibusque parentem,

id. ib. 12, 348:

Marsigni sermone vultuque Suevos referunt,

Tac. G. 43:

neque amissos colores lana refert,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 28.—

To convey a report, account, intelligence, by speech or by writing; to report, announce, relate, recite, repeat, recount; to mention, allege (class.;

in late Lat. saepissime): certorum hominum sermones referebantur ad me,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10 Orell. N. cr.:

tales miserrima fletus Fertque refertque soror (sc. ad Aeneam),

Verg. A. 4, 438:

pugnam referunt,

Ov. M. 12, 160:

factum dictumve,

Liv. 6, 40:

si quis hoc referat exemplum,

Quint. 5, 11, 8:

in epistulis Cicero haec Bruti refert verba,

id. 6, 3, 20:

quale refert Cicero de homine praelongo, caput eum, etc.,

id. 6, 3, 67 et saep.:

quaecunque refers,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 60; 2, 1, 130:

sermones deorum,

id. C. 3, 3, 71:

multum referens de Maecenate,

Juv. 1, 66. —With obj.-clause, Suet. Caes. 30; Ov. M. 1, 700; 4, 796:

Celso gaudere et bene rem gerere refer,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 2 al.; cf. poet. by Greek attraction:

quia rettulit Ajax Esse Jovis pronepos,

Ov. M. 13, 141; and:

referre aliquid in annales,

Liv. 4, 34 fin., and 43, 13, 2:

ut Proetum mulier perfida credulum Falsis impulerit criminibus, refert,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 16.— Absol.:

quantum, inquam, debetis? Respondent CVI. Refero ad Scaptium,

I report, announce it to Scaptius, Cic. Att. 5, 21, 12:

in quo primum saepe aliter est dictum, aliter ad nos relatum,

reported, stated, id. Brut. 57, 288:

(Hortensius) nullo referente, omnia adversariorum dicta meminisset,

id. ib. 88, 301:

abi, quaere, et refer,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 53. —

Poet. (mostly in Ovid), to repeat to one ' s self, call to mind:

tacitāque recentia mente Visa refert,

Ov. M. 15, 27:

si forte refers,

id. Am. 2, 8, 17:

haec refer,

id. R. Am. 308:

saepe refer tecum sceleratae facta puellae,

id. ib. 299:

mente memor refero,

id. M. 15, 451:

foeda Lycaoniae referens convivia mensae,

id. ib. 1, 165; cf.:

illam meminitque refertque,

id. ib. 11, 563.—

Pregn., to say in return, to rejoin, answer, reply (syn. respondeo):

id me non ad meam defensionem attulisse, sed illorum defensioni rettulisse,

Cic. Caecin. 29, 85:

ego tibi refero,

I reply to you, id. ib. 29, 85, §

84: ut si esset dictum, etc., et referret aliquis Ergo, etc.,

id. Fat. 13, 30:

quid a nobis autem refertur,

id. Quint. 13, 44: retices;

nec mutua nostris Dicta refers,

Ov. M. 1, 656; 14, 696:

Musa refert,

id. ib. 5, 337; id. F. 5, 278:

Anna refert,

Verg. A. 4, 31:

talia voce,

id. ib. 1, 94:

pectore voces,

id. ib. 5, 409:

tandem pauca refert,

id. ib. 4, 333 et saep. —

Publicists' t. t.

To bring, convey, deliver any thing as an official report, to report, announce, notify, = renuntiare:

legati haec se ad suos relaturos dixerunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 9; cf.:

cujus orationem legati domum referunt,

id. B. C. 1, 35: responsa (legati), Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 380, 31:

legationem Romam,

Liv. 7, 32:

mandata ad aliquem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 57:

responsa,

id. B. G. 1, 35; cf.:

mandata alicui,

id. ib. 1, 37:

numerum capitum ad aliquem,

id. ib. 2, 33 fin.:

rumores excipere et ad aliquem referre,

Cic. Deiot. 9, 25; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 47:

Ubii paucis diebus intermissis referunt, Suevos omnes, etc.,

id. ib. 6, 10; Liv. 3, 38, 12.—

Ad senatum de aliquā re referre (less freq with acc., a rel.-clause, or absol.), to make a motion or proposition in the Senate; to consult, refer to, or lay before the Senate; to move, bring forward, propose: VTI L. PAVLVS C. MARCELLVS COSS... DE CONSVLARIBVS PROVINCIIS AD SENATVM REFERRENT, NEVE QVID PRIVS... AD SENATVM REFERRENT, NEVE QVID CONIVNCTVM DE EA RE REFERRETVR A CONSVLIBVS, S. C. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5 sq.: de legibus abrogandis ad senatum referre. Cic. Cornel. 1, Fragm. 8 (p. 448 Orell.); cf.:

de quo legando consules spero ad senatum relaturos,

id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

de ejus honore ad senatum referre,

id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

de eā re postulant uti referatur. Itaque consulente Cicerone frequens senatus decernit, etc.,

Sall. C. 48, 5, 6:

rem ad senatum refert,

id. ib. 29, 1; cf.:

tunc relata ex integro res ad senatum,

Liv. 21, 5:

rem ad senatum,

id. 2, 22:

consul convocato senatu refert, quid de his fieri placeat, qui, etc.,

Sall. C. 50, 3: ut ex litteris ad senatum referretur, impetrari (a consulibus) non potuit. Referunt consules de re publicā, Caes. B. C. 1, 1; cf.:

refer, inquis, ad senatum. Non referam,

Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20.—

Of other bodies than the Senate (cf.: defero, fero): C. Cassium censorem de signo Concordiae dedicando ad pontificum collegium rettulisse,

Cic. Dom. 53, 136: eam rem ad consilium cum rettulisset Fabius. Liv. 24, 45, 2; 30, 4, 9:

est quod referam ad consilium,

id. 30, 31, 9; 44, 2, 5; Curt. 4, 11, 10.— Per syllepsin: DE EA RE AD SENATVM POPVLVMQVE REFERRI, since referre ad populum was not used in this sense (for ferre ad populum); v. fero, and the foll. g:

de hoc (sc. Eumene) Antigonus ad consilium rettulit,

Nep. Eum. 12, 1.— Transf., to make a reference, to refer (class.): de rebus et obscuris et incertis ad Apollinem censeo referendum;

ad quem etiam Athenienses publice de majoribus rebus semper rettulerunt,

Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122; cf. Nep. Lys. 3; Cic. Quint. 16, 53.— Different from this is, *

Referre ad populum (for denuo ferre), to propose or refer any thing anew to the people (cf. supra, II. B. 2.;

v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 1006): factum est illorum aequitate et sapientiā consulum, ut id, quod senatus decreverat, id postea referendum ad populum non arbitrarentur,

Cic. Clu. 49, 137; cf. Att. ap. Non. p. 512, 29; Liv. 22, 20; Val. Max. 8, 10, 1.—

A mercantile and publicists' t. t., to note down, enter any thing in writing; to inscribe, register, record, etc.:

cum scirem, ita indicium in tabulas publicas relatum,

Cic. Sull. 15, 42:

in tabulas quodcumque commodum est,

id. Fl. 9, 20:

nomen in tabulas, in codicem,

id. Rosc. Com. 1, 4:

quod reliquum in commentarium,

id. Att. 7, 3, 7:

quid in libellum,

id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

tuas epistulas in volumina,

i. e. to admit, id. Fam. 16, 17 init.; cf.:

orationem in Origines,

id. Brut. 23, 89 al.:

in reos, in proscriptos referri,

to be set down among, id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:

absentem in reos,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 42, § 109; cf.:

aliquem inter proscriptos,

Suet. Aug. 70:

anulos quoque depositos a nobilitate, in annales relatum est,

Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 18:

senatūs consulta falsa (sc. in aerarium),

enter, register, Cic. Fam. 12, 1, 1; id. Phil. 5, 4, 12. —Entirely absol.:

ut nec triumviri accipiundo nec scribae referundo sufficerent,

Liv. 26, 36 fin. —Here, too, belongs referre rationes or aliquid (in rationibus, ad aerarium, ad aliquem, alicui), to give, present, or render an account:

rationes totidem verbis referre ad aerarium,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 2;

and rationes referre alone: in rationibus referendis... rationum referendarum jus, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 20, 1; id. Pis. 25, 61; id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 77; 2, 3, 71, § 167:

referre rationes publicas ad Caesarem cum fide,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20 fin.:

si hanc ex fenore pecuniam populo non rettuleris, reddas societati,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167:

(pecuniam) in aerarium,

Liv. 37, 57, 12; cf.: pecuniam operi publico, to charge to, i. e. to set down as applied to, Cic. Fl. 19, 44.— So, too, acceptum and in acceptum referre, to place to one ' s credit, in a lit. and trop. sense (v. accipio).— Hence, transf.: aliquem (aliquid) in numero (as above, in rationibus), in numerum, etc., to count or reckon a person or thing among:

Democritus, qui imagines eorumque circuitus in deorum numero refert,

Cic. N. D. 1, 12, 29:

(Caesar, Claudius) in deorum numerum relatus est,

Suet. Caes. 88; id. Claud. 45:

Ponticus Heraclides terram et caelum refert in deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 13, 34:

nostri oratorii libri in Eundem librorum numerum referendi videntur,

id. Div. 2, 1, 4: hoc nomen in codicem relatum, id. Rosc. Com. B. and K. (al. in codice).—With inter (postAug. and freq.):

ut inter deos referretur (August.),

Suet. Aug. 97:

diem inter festos, nefastos,

Tac. A. 13, 41 fin.:

hi tamen inter Germanos referuntur,

id. G. 46; Suet. Claud. 11; id. Tib. 53:

dumque refert inter meritorum maxima, demptos Aesonis esse situs,

Ov. M. 7, 302:

intellectum est, quod inter divos quoque referretur,

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 14:

inter sidera referre,

Hyg. Fab. 192:

inter praecipua crudelitatis indicia referendus,

Val. Max. 9, 2, ext. 5:

inter insulas,

Plin. 5, 9, 9, § 48:

dicebat quasdam esse quaestiones, quae deberent inter res judicatas referri,

Sen. Contr. 2, 11, 12:

eodem Q. Caepionem referrem,

I should place in the same category, Cic. Brut. 62, 223.—

Referre aliquid ad aliquid, to trace back, ascribe, refer a thing to any thing:

qui pecudum ritu ad voluptatem omnia referunt,

Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

omnia ad igneam vim,

id. N. D. 3, 14, 35:

omnia ad incolumitatem et ad libertatem suam,

id. Rep. 1, 32, 49; 1, 26, 41:

in historiā quaeque ad veritatem, in poëmate pleraque ad delectationem,

id. Leg. 1, 1, 5; id. Off. 1, 16, 52 et saep. al.:

hunc ipsum finem definiebas id esse, quo omnia, quae recte fierent, referrentur, neque id ipsum usquam referretur,

id. Fin. 2, 2, 5; cf.

nusquam,

id. ib. 1, 9, 29:

ad commonendum oratorem, quo quidque referat,

id. de Or. 1, 32, 145:

hinc omne principium, huc refer exitum,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 6.— With dat.:

cujus adversa pravitati ipsius, prospera ad fortunam referebat,

Tac. A. 14, 38 fin. — In Tac. once with in:

quidquid ubique magnificum est, in claritatem ejus (sc. Herculis) referre consensimus,

Tac. G. 34.—Rarely of persons;

as: tuum est Caesar, quid nunc mihi animi sit, ad te ipsum referre,

Cic. Deiot. 2, 7.— Absol.: ita inserere oportet referentem ad fructum, meliore genere ut sit surculus, etc., one who looks to or cares for the fruit, Varr. R. R. 1, 40, 6.—

Culpam in aliquem referre, to throw the blame upon, accuse, hold responsible for, etc. (post-Aug.):

hic, quod in adversis rebis solet fieri, alius in alium culpam referebant,

Curt. 4, 3, 7; Aug. contr. Man. 2, 17, 25 Hier. Epp. 1, 9 fin.: cf.:

augere ejus, in quem referet crimen, culpam,

Cic. Inv. 2, 28, 83:

causa ad matrem referebatur,

Tac. A. 6, 49:

causam abscessus ad Sejani artes,

id. ib. 4, 57.

vīcīnus, a, um, adj. [vicus], near, neighboring, in the neighborhood or vicinity.

Lit.

Adj. (mostly poet.; cf.:

contiguus, finitimus): taberna,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 24:

silva,

id. C. 3, 29, 39:

oppidum,

id. Epod. 5, 44:

urbes,

id. A. P. 66; Verg. G. 1, 510:

sedes astris,

id. A. 5, 759:

caelo Olympum,

Tib. 4, 1, 131:

heu quam vicina est ultima terra mihi!

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 52:

bellum,

Liv. 1, 14, 6.— Poet.:

jurgia,

i.e. of neighbors, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 171.—With gen.:

ora vicina perusti aetheris,

Luc. 9, 432.— Comp.:

ni convexa foret (terra), parti vicinior esset,

Ov. F. 6, 275.—

vīcīnus, i, m., a neighbor (the predom. signif. of the word):

Eutychus Tuus... vicinus proximus,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 7; so,

proximus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 21; Dig. 50, 15, 4:

ceteri finitimi ac vicini,

Cic. Sull. 20, 58:

vel tribules vel vicinos meos,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

si te interioribus vicinis tuis anteponis,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7:

bonus sane vicinus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 132:

vicine Palaemon,

Verg. E. 3, 53.—

Transf., of time, a contemporary: Tertullianus vicinus eorum temporum, Hier. Script. Eccl. Luc.—

vīcīna, ae, f., a neighbor:

ego huc transeo in proximum ad meam vicinam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 2; 3, 3, 16; Ter. And. 1, 1, 78; id. Hec. 4, 4, 98; Quint. 5, 11, 28; Hor. C. 3, 19, 24.—With gen.:

Fides in Capitolio vicina Jovis,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104:

anus vicina loci,

Ov. F. 6, 399.—

vīcīnum, i, n., a neighboring place, the neighborhood, vicinity (mostly post-Aug.):

stellae in vicino terrae,

Plin. 2, 16, 13, § 68; so,

in vicino,

id. 6, 26, 30, § 122; Cels. 2, 6 fin.; Sen. Brev. Vit. 15, 3:

ex (e) vicino,

Col. 7, 2, 4; Plin. 23, 8, 75, § 145.— Plur.:

amnis rigans vicina,

Plin. 6, 18, 22, § 65; Ov. M. 1, 573.—With gen.:

in Syriae vicina pervenire,

Plin. 16, 32, 59, § 135.—

Trop., nearly resembling in quality or nature, like, similar, kindred, allied (class.):

dialecticorum scientia vicina et finitima eloquentiae,

Cic. Or. 32, 113:

vicina praedictae, sed amplior virtus,

Quint. 8, 3, 83:

in his rebus, quibus nomina sua sunt, vicinis potius uti,

id. 8, 6, 35:

vicina virtutibus vitia,

id. 8, 3, 7: quod est hupoptôsei vicinum, id. 9, 2, 58:

odor croco vicinus est,

Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53; cf. id. 21, 18, 69, § 115:

cui vicinum est, non negare quod obicitur,

Quint. 6, 3, 81.— Comp.:

ferrum molle plumboque vicinius,

Plin. 34, 14, 41, § 143.—

Absol.:

non ex eodem sed ex diverso vicinum accipitur,

Quint. 9, 3, 68:

multum ab amethysto distat hyacinthos, tamen e vicino descendens,

Plin. 37, 9, 41, § 125 (al. ab vicino tamen colore descendens).—Hence, adv.: vīcīnē, in the neighborhood, near by (late Lat.): (fluvius) quantum crescit aquis, pisces vicinius offert, nearer by, Ven. Carm. 3, 12, 11:

vicinissime frui,

Aug. Doctr. Chr. 1, 33 fin.

vīcīnus, a, um, adj. [vicus], near, neighboring, in the neighborhood or vicinity.

Lit.

Adj. (mostly poet.; cf.:

contiguus, finitimus): taberna,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 24:

silva,

id. C. 3, 29, 39:

oppidum,

id. Epod. 5, 44:

urbes,

id. A. P. 66; Verg. G. 1, 510:

sedes astris,

id. A. 5, 759:

caelo Olympum,

Tib. 4, 1, 131:

heu quam vicina est ultima terra mihi!

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 52:

bellum,

Liv. 1, 14, 6.— Poet.:

jurgia,

i.e. of neighbors, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 171.—With gen.:

ora vicina perusti aetheris,

Luc. 9, 432.— Comp.:

ni convexa foret (terra), parti vicinior esset,

Ov. F. 6, 275.—

vīcīnus, i, m., a neighbor (the predom. signif. of the word):

Eutychus Tuus... vicinus proximus,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 7; so,

proximus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 21; Dig. 50, 15, 4:

ceteri finitimi ac vicini,

Cic. Sull. 20, 58:

vel tribules vel vicinos meos,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

si te interioribus vicinis tuis anteponis,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7:

bonus sane vicinus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 132:

vicine Palaemon,

Verg. E. 3, 53.—

Transf., of time, a contemporary: Tertullianus vicinus eorum temporum, Hier. Script. Eccl. Luc.—

vīcīna, ae, f., a neighbor:

ego huc transeo in proximum ad meam vicinam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 2; 3, 3, 16; Ter. And. 1, 1, 78; id. Hec. 4, 4, 98; Quint. 5, 11, 28; Hor. C. 3, 19, 24.—With gen.:

Fides in Capitolio vicina Jovis,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104:

anus vicina loci,

Ov. F. 6, 399.—

vīcīnum, i, n., a neighboring place, the neighborhood, vicinity (mostly post-Aug.):

stellae in vicino terrae,

Plin. 2, 16, 13, § 68; so,

in vicino,

id. 6, 26, 30, § 122; Cels. 2, 6 fin.; Sen. Brev. Vit. 15, 3:

ex (e) vicino,

Col. 7, 2, 4; Plin. 23, 8, 75, § 145.— Plur.:

amnis rigans vicina,

Plin. 6, 18, 22, § 65; Ov. M. 1, 573.—With gen.:

in Syriae vicina pervenire,

Plin. 16, 32, 59, § 135.—

Trop., nearly resembling in quality or nature, like, similar, kindred, allied (class.):

dialecticorum scientia vicina et finitima eloquentiae,

Cic. Or. 32, 113:

vicina praedictae, sed amplior virtus,

Quint. 8, 3, 83:

in his rebus, quibus nomina sua sunt, vicinis potius uti,

id. 8, 6, 35:

vicina virtutibus vitia,

id. 8, 3, 7: quod est hupoptôsei vicinum, id. 9, 2, 58:

odor croco vicinus est,

Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53; cf. id. 21, 18, 69, § 115:

cui vicinum est, non negare quod obicitur,

Quint. 6, 3, 81.— Comp.:

ferrum molle plumboque vicinius,

Plin. 34, 14, 41, § 143.—

Absol.:

non ex eodem sed ex diverso vicinum accipitur,

Quint. 9, 3, 68:

multum ab amethysto distat hyacinthos, tamen e vicino descendens,

Plin. 37, 9, 41, § 125 (al. ab vicino tamen colore descendens).—Hence, adv.: vīcīnē, in the neighborhood, near by (late Lat.): (fluvius) quantum crescit aquis, pisces vicinius offert, nearer by, Ven. Carm. 3, 12, 11:

vicinissime frui,

Aug. Doctr. Chr. 1, 33 fin.

vīcīnus, a, um, adj. [vicus], near, neighboring, in the neighborhood or vicinity.

Lit.

Adj. (mostly poet.; cf.:

contiguus, finitimus): taberna,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 24:

silva,

id. C. 3, 29, 39:

oppidum,

id. Epod. 5, 44:

urbes,

id. A. P. 66; Verg. G. 1, 510:

sedes astris,

id. A. 5, 759:

caelo Olympum,

Tib. 4, 1, 131:

heu quam vicina est ultima terra mihi!

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 52:

bellum,

Liv. 1, 14, 6.— Poet.:

jurgia,

i.e. of neighbors, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 171.—With gen.:

ora vicina perusti aetheris,

Luc. 9, 432.— Comp.:

ni convexa foret (terra), parti vicinior esset,

Ov. F. 6, 275.—

vīcīnus, i, m., a neighbor (the predom. signif. of the word):

Eutychus Tuus... vicinus proximus,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 7; so,

proximus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 21; Dig. 50, 15, 4:

ceteri finitimi ac vicini,

Cic. Sull. 20, 58:

vel tribules vel vicinos meos,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

si te interioribus vicinis tuis anteponis,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7:

bonus sane vicinus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 132:

vicine Palaemon,

Verg. E. 3, 53.—

Transf., of time, a contemporary: Tertullianus vicinus eorum temporum, Hier. Script. Eccl. Luc.—

vīcīna, ae, f., a neighbor:

ego huc transeo in proximum ad meam vicinam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 2; 3, 3, 16; Ter. And. 1, 1, 78; id. Hec. 4, 4, 98; Quint. 5, 11, 28; Hor. C. 3, 19, 24.—With gen.:

Fides in Capitolio vicina Jovis,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104:

anus vicina loci,

Ov. F. 6, 399.—

vīcīnum, i, n., a neighboring place, the neighborhood, vicinity (mostly post-Aug.):

stellae in vicino terrae,

Plin. 2, 16, 13, § 68; so,

in vicino,

id. 6, 26, 30, § 122; Cels. 2, 6 fin.; Sen. Brev. Vit. 15, 3:

ex (e) vicino,

Col. 7, 2, 4; Plin. 23, 8, 75, § 145.— Plur.:

amnis rigans vicina,

Plin. 6, 18, 22, § 65; Ov. M. 1, 573.—With gen.:

in Syriae vicina pervenire,

Plin. 16, 32, 59, § 135.—

Trop., nearly resembling in quality or nature, like, similar, kindred, allied (class.):

dialecticorum scientia vicina et finitima eloquentiae,

Cic. Or. 32, 113:

vicina praedictae, sed amplior virtus,

Quint. 8, 3, 83:

in his rebus, quibus nomina sua sunt, vicinis potius uti,

id. 8, 6, 35:

vicina virtutibus vitia,

id. 8, 3, 7: quod est hupoptôsei vicinum, id. 9, 2, 58:

odor croco vicinus est,

Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53; cf. id. 21, 18, 69, § 115:

cui vicinum est, non negare quod obicitur,

Quint. 6, 3, 81.— Comp.:

ferrum molle plumboque vicinius,

Plin. 34, 14, 41, § 143.—

Absol.:

non ex eodem sed ex diverso vicinum accipitur,

Quint. 9, 3, 68:

multum ab amethysto distat hyacinthos, tamen e vicino descendens,

Plin. 37, 9, 41, § 125 (al. ab vicino tamen colore descendens).—Hence, adv.: vīcīnē, in the neighborhood, near by (late Lat.): (fluvius) quantum crescit aquis, pisces vicinius offert, nearer by, Ven. Carm. 3, 12, 11:

vicinissime frui,

Aug. Doctr. Chr. 1, 33 fin.