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81 Matzeliger, Jan
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 1852 Surinamd. 1889 Lynn, Massachusetts, (?) USA[br]African-American inventor of the shoe-lasting machine.[br]He served an apprenticeship as a machinist in his native country, Surinam. As a young man he emigrated to New England in the USA, but he was unable to secure employment in his trade. To survive, he took various odd jobs, including sewing soles on to shoes in a factory at Lynn, Massachusetts, a centre of the shoemaking industry. Much of the shoemaking process had already been mechanized, but lasting remained laborious, painstaking hand work. Matzeliger turned his undoubted inventive powers to mechanizing this operation. It took him four years to achieve a working model of a mechanical last that could be patented. By this time his health and finances had been undermined by the struggle to reach this stage; to raise funds he had to dispose of two-thirds of his rights in his patent to two local investors. Eventually he demonstrated a trial model of his lasting machine and successfully lasted seventy-five pairs of shoes. Not satisfied with that, Matzeliger went on to produce two improved machines, protected by further patents. Finally, the United Shoe Machine Company bought up his patents, but that relief came too late to prevent Matzeliger from dying in poor circumstances. The mechanization of shoe lasting made a significant contribution to the manufacture of shoes, raising production and reducing costs. It also effectively extinguished the final element of skilled hand work required in shoemaking, earning him considerable unpopularity among the workers who were about to be displaced, and resulting in the machine being derogatorily nicknamed "Niggerhead".[br]Further ReadingP.P.James, 1989, The Real McCoy: African-American Invention and Innovation 1619– 1930, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 70–2.LRD -
82 Pierce, George Washington
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 11 January 1872 Austin, Texas, USAd. 25 August 1956 Franklin, New Hampshire, USA[br]American physicist who made various contributions to electronics, particularly crystal oscillators.[br]Pierce entered the University of Texas in 1890, gaining his BSc in physics in 1893 and his MSc in 1894. After teaching and doing various odd jobs, in 1897 he obtained a scholarship to Harvard, obtaining his PhD three years later. Following a period at the University of Leipzig, he returned to the USA in 1903 to join the teaching staff at Harvard, where he soon established new courses and began to gain a reputation as a pioneer in electronics, including the study of crystal rectifiers and publication of a textbook on wireless telegraphy. In 1912, with Kennelly, he conceived the idea of motional impedance. The same year he was made first Director of Harvard's Cruft High- Tension Electrical Laboratory, a post he held until his retirement. In 1917 he was appointed Professor of Physics, and for the remainder of the First World War he was also involved in work on submarine detection at the US Naval Base in New London. In 1921 he was appointed Rumford Professor of Physics and became interested in the work of Walter Cady on crystal-controlled circuits. As a result of this he patented the Pierce crystal oscillator in 1924. Having discovered the magnetostriction property of nickel and nichrome, in 1928 he also invented the magnetostriction oscillator. The mercury-vapour discharge lamp is also said to have been his idea. He became Gordon McKay Professor of Physics and Communications in 1935 and retired from Harvard in 1940, but he remained active for the rest of his life with the study of sound generation by birds and insects.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Institute of Radio Engineers 1918–19. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1929.Bibliography1910, Principles of Wireless Telegraphy.1914, US patent no. 1,450,749 (a mercury vapour tube control circuit). 1919, Electrical Oscillations and Electric Waves.1922, "The piezo-electric Resonator", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 10:83.Further ReadingF.E.Terman, 1943, Radio Engineers'Handbook, New York: McGraw-Hill (for details of piezo-electric crystal oscillator circuits).KFBiographical history of technology > Pierce, George Washington
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83 amount
[əˈmaunt]acquisition amount сумма покупки acquisition amount сумма приобретения advance amount авансовая сумма aggregate amount общее количество aggregate amount общий итог aggregate amount совокупная сумма aggregate amount суммарное количество amount быть равным, равнозначащим; this amounts to a refusal это равносильно отказу amount быть равным amount величина amount достигать amount доходить (до какого-л. количества), составлять (сумму); равняться; the bill amount s to l 40 счет составляет сумму в 40 фунтов стерлингов amount значительность, важность amount итог amount количество; a large amount of work много работы amount количество amount объем amount основная сумма и проценты с нее amount равняться amount составлять сумму amount сумма, итог; what is the amount of this? сколько это составляет? amount сумма amount (денежная) сумма amount for distribution сумма к распределению amount in arrears задолженная сумма amount in damages сумма компенсации ущерба amount in dispute спорная сумма amount in notes сумма, указанная на банкнотах amount in words сумма, выраженная словами amount of advance сумма аванса amount of appropriation сумма ассигнований amount of bill сумма векселя amount of bill сумма счета к оплате amount of contract сумма контракта amount of cumulative value adjustments полная сумма переоценок актива баланса в соответствии с его текущей стоимостью amount of damage страх. сумма ущерба amount of depreciation сумма амортизационных отчислений amount of difference величина разницы amount of dividends сумма дивидендов amount of donation сумма пожертвования amount of dues сумма сборов amount of dues payable подлежащая оплате сумма сборов amount of exemption сумма вычетов при расчете налогов amount of fine сумма штрафа amount of fixed assets сумма основного капитала amount of grant сумма субсидии amount of guarantee сумма залога amount of income сумма дохода amount of increase сумма прироста amount of inheritance стоимость наследства amount of loan сумма займа amount of loan сумма кредита amount of loans floated сумма размещенных займов amount of loans raised сумма полученных займов amount of loss сумма убытка amount of maintenance сумма обеспечения amount of money денежная сумма amount of premium премиальная сумма amount of provision сумма резерва amount of quota сумма квоты amount of reduction сумма сокращения расходов amount of refund сумма рефинансирования amount of repayment сумма погашения долга amount of sale сумма продаж amount of savings сумма накоплений amount of simulation вчт. объем моделирования amount of tax сумма налога amount of tax payable подлежащая уплате сумма налога amount of transfer сумма перевода amount on deposit сумма вклада amount on deposit сумма депозита amount to достигать amount to доходить до amount to означать amount to равняться amount to составлять сумму amount to be deducted сумма, подлежащая удержанию amount to be paid сумма к оплате to amount to very little, not to amount to much быть незначительным, не иметь большого значения; what, after all, does it amount to? что, в конце концов, это означает? annual amount ежегодная сумма annuity amount сумма страхования ренты appraised amount оцененная сумма assessed amount оценочная стоимость balance sheet amount итоговая сумма балансового отчета basic amount исходное количество basic amount основное количество, базовая сумма (при начислении пособия и т. п.) amount доходить (до какого-л. количества), составлять (сумму); равняться; the bill amount s to l 40 счет составляет сумму в 40 фунтов стерлингов calculated amount вычисленная сумма carrying amount балансовый показатель cash amount сумма наличными compensatory amount сумма компенсации conditional sale amount сумма условной продажи contracted amount договорная сумма cover amount сумма покрытия data amount вчт. количество информации data amount вчт. объем данных debit amount дебетовая сумма debit amount дебетовый итог differential amount дифференциальная сумма disability amount пособие по инвалидности documentary credit amount сумма документарного аккредитива to amount to very little, not to amount to much быть незначительным, не иметь большого значения; what, after all, does it amount to? что, в конце концов, это означает? dollar amount сумма в долларах donated amount подаренная сумма double-figure amount двузначная сумма due amount причитающаяся сумма earnings-related amount сумма рассчитанная с учетом заработка error amount вчт. величина ошибки estimated amount рассчитанная величина exact amount точная сумма exceptional amount необычный итог excess amount избыточное количество excess amount превышение установленной суммы excess amount сумма превышения final amount итоговая сумма fixed amount постоянное количество full amount полная сумма gross amount валовая сумма gross amount общее количество guarantee amount гарантийная сумма immaterial amount незначительное количество income tax amount сумма взимаемого подоходного налога insurance amount общая сумма страхования insurance amount сумма страхования interest amount сумма процента intervention amount сумма интервенции invested amount инвестированная сумма invoice amount сумма фактуры invoiced amount сумма по счету issue amount сумма эмиссии large amount крупная сумма amount количество; a large amount of work много работы maximum amount максимальная сумма minimum amount минимальная сумма minimum amount минимальное количество monetary amount денежная сумма monetary compensatory amount (MCA) сумма валютной компенсации net amount сумма-нетто nominal amount номинальная сумма nonrecurring amount единовременная сумма to amount to very little, not to amount to much быть незначительным, не иметь большого значения; what, after all, does it amount to? что, в конце концов, это означает? notional principal amount условная основная сумма кредитного обязательства в процентном свопе odd amount некруглая сумма order amount сумма заказа outstanding amount не предъявленная к платежу сумма outstanding amount недоимка outstanding amount неоплаченная сумма outstanding amount непогашенная часть займа outstanding amount сумма задолженности pay an amount выплачивать всю сумму pension amount сумма выплачиваемой пенсии premium amount сумма страхового взноса purchase amount объем закупок recourse amount юр. сумма с правом регресса recoverable amount возмещаемая сумма recoverable amount количество, подлежащее возмещению recovery amount сумма страхового возмещения remaining amount остаток суммы residual amount остаток суммы residual amount остаточная сумма risk amount рисковая сумма sales amount объем сбыта subscribe an amount подписываться на определенную сумму subvention amount сумма субсидии supplementary amount дополнительная сумма surplus amount избыточное количество target amount планируемая сумма tax amount размер налогов tax amount сумма налогов tax-exempt basic amount основная сумма, не облагаемая налогом tax-free amount сумма, не облагаемая налогом taxable amount сумма, облагаемая налогом amount быть равным, равнозначащим; this amounts to a refusal это равносильно отказу total amount итог total amount общая сумма triple-figure amount трехзначная сумма to amount to very little, not to amount to much быть незначительным, не иметь большого значения; what, after all, does it amount to? что, в конце концов, это означает? soever: amount присоединяясь к словам who, what, when, how, where служит для усиления: in what place soever где бы то ни было what: what pron emph. какой!; как!; что!; what a strange phenomenon! какое необычное явление!; what an interesting book it is! какая интересная книга! amount pron conj. какой, что, сколько; I don't know what she wants я не знаю, что ей нужно; like what's in your workers' eyes? например, что думают ваши рабочие? amount pron inter. какой?, что?, сколько?; what is it? что это (такое?) amount сумма, итог; what is the amount of this? сколько это составляет? withdrawal amount сумма, снятая со счета -
84 distortion
1) деформация2) искривление; перекашивание; коробление3) искажение; искажения•-
air distortion
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aliasing distortion
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amplitude distortion
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amplitude-frequency distortion
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aperture distortion
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attenuation distortion
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barrel distortion
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beat-note distortion
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bias distortion
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chrominance distortion
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contour distortions
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coordinate distortion
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crossover distortion
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cross-polarization distortion
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cross-product distortion
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current waveform distortion
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curvilinear distortion
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damping distortion
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delay distortion
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distortion of aperture
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end distortion
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fading distortion
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field distortion
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film distortion
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filter distortion
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foldover distortion
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fortuitous distortion
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frame distortion
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frequency distortion
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geometric distortion
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gradation distortion
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group-delay distortion
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harmonic distortion
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heat distortion
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hum distortion
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image distortion
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in-band distortion
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initial distortion
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intermodulation distortion
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jitter distortion
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keystone distortion
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lattice distortion
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lens distortion
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linear distortion
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maximum total harmonic distortion
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modulation distortion
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multipath distortion
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nonlinear distortion
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odd distortion
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optical distortion
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origin distortion
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overshoot distortion
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overswing distortion
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overthrow distortion
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paper distortion
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pattern distortion
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perspective distortion
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phase distortion
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phase-frequency distortion
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picture distortion
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pillow-shaped distortion
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pillow distortion
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process induced distortion
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pulse distortion
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quadrature phase distortion
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quadrature distortion
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quantization distortion
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radome distortion
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ray distortion
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reflection distortion
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S distortion
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scalloping distortion
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shape distortion
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short-time distortion
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simulcast distortion
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skew distortion
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slope overload distortion
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spring distortion
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start-stop distortion
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thermal distortion
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tilt distortion
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tonal distortion
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total distortion
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total harmonic distortion
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trapezium distortion
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type distortion
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undershoot distortion
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underswing distortion
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underthrow distortion
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velocity distortion
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vestigial sideband distortion
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wafer distortion
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waveform distortion
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work distortion -
85 part
I1) часть; доля2) отделять(ся); разделять(ся); расчленять3) компонент; элемент4) деталь5) узел6) вчт. совокупность, сегмент ( в языке Ада)•-II сокр. от
2D part
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3D part
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accepted part
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actuated part
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address part
-
assembly defective part
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basic part
-
bearing part
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blank part
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bottom part
-
case-shaped part
-
change part
-
chucked part
-
chuck part
-
clamped part
-
common parts
-
completed part
-
complex part
-
component part
-
conductive part
-
critical part
-
current part
-
discrete part
-
egg-box palletized part
-
electronic part
-
embedded parts
-
exchange cylinder cam part
-
exponent part
-
exterior part
-
fabricated parts
-
facsimile part
-
failed part
-
family-related parts
-
faulty part
-
female part
-
finished part
-
fixed part
-
former part
-
fractional part
-
function part
-
functional part
-
half-done part
-
hand-fed parts
-
high-load part
-
high-precision part
-
imaginary part
-
incoming part
-
integral part
-
interchangeable parts
-
intolerance part
-
linear part
-
load-bearing part
-
locating part
-
location part
-
machined part
-
makeup part
-
male part
-
master part
-
mating docking part
-
mating part
-
milled part
-
minor part
-
miscellaneous part
-
multiple parts
-
multiple-diameter part
-
NC machine part
-
negative real part
-
non-FMS part
-
nonrotational part
-
odd-shaped part
-
one-of-a-kind parts
-
open tolerance part
-
operation operator part
-
operation part
-
out-of-tolerance part
-
oversize part
-
pallet-fixtured part
-
parts of triangle
-
prefabricated part
-
prefab part
-
pressed part
-
pressurized fuselage part
-
primary part
-
prismatic part
-
protective stock part
-
prototype part
-
purchased part
-
quality-checked part
-
real part
-
rejected part
-
removable part
-
repair part
-
replacement part
-
rotary part
-
rough part
-
routing part
-
sample part
-
scalar part
-
scored part
-
sealing part
-
semicompleted part
-
shaft part
-
single-diameter part
-
spare part
-
stationary part
-
stepped part
-
stress relieved part
-
top quality part
-
turned part
-
twisted garment part
-
undersize part
-
unpressurized fuselage part
-
user part
-
vectorial part
-
warranty claim part
-
wearing part
-
wear-resisting part
-
work part
-
worn-out part
partition -
86 train
3) цепь; цепочка5) последовательно расположенное оборудование, (производственная) линия6) агрегат из последовательных элементов (колонн, фильтров)10) обучать; инструктировать11) тренировать ( изделия)•-
accommodation train
-
aerodynamic train
-
alternating current electric train
-
ambulance train
-
arriving train
-
assorted train
-
ballast train
-
block train
-
blooming train
-
breakdown train
-
bridge construction train
-
cabooseless train
-
calender train
-
capacity-filled train
-
change-gear train
-
clock train
-
cogging roll train
-
combustion train
-
construction train
-
container train
-
continuous looping rod mill train
-
crewless train
-
day train
-
diesel-multiple unit train
-
differential change gear train
-
direct current electric train
-
direct train
-
disabled train
-
double-heading train
-
down train
-
electric multiple-unit train
-
emergency train
-
erection train
-
even train
-
express train
-
extra train
-
fast train
-
feed change gear train
-
ferry train
-
finishing mill train
-
fire train
-
fixed-consist train
-
flexible conveyor train
-
freight train
-
generation change gear train
-
girder mill train
-
heavy-tonnage train
-
heavy train
-
high-speed train
-
incoming train
-
index change gear train
-
ink train
-
intercity train
-
international train
-
local train
-
locomotive-hauled train
-
long train
-
long-distance train
-
looping mill train
-
maglev train
-
mail train
-
main-line train
-
mechanical refrigerated train
-
mill train
-
mold train
-
multicar train
-
multiple-unit train
-
night train
-
odd train
-
opposing train
-
optical train
-
outbound train
-
passenger train
-
pickup train
-
postal train
-
power train
-
processing train
-
pulse train
-
rail mill train
-
rail-grinding train
-
refrigerated train
-
regular service train
-
regular train
-
repetition pulse train
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revenue-earning train
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reversing blooming mill train
-
reversing plate mill train
-
rod mill rolling train
-
roll mills train
-
roller train
-
rolling mill train
-
shuttle train
-
small-section mill train
-
spur planetary gear train
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staggered rolling train
-
stopping train
-
suburban train
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switch train
-
talus train
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tank train
-
test train
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through train
-
track-laying train
-
track-renewal train
-
train of impulses
-
transfer train
-
tube-rolling train
-
two-high reversing mill train
-
two-high universal mill train
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unit train
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up train
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valley train
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variable pulsewidth train
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wave train
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work train
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wreck train -
87 function
1) функция
2) ф-ция
3) функционировать
4) зависимость
5) назначение
6) действовать
7) роль
– Abelian function
– acidity function
– action function
– adjustment function
– affect function
– alternating function
– ambiguity function
– Appell function
– approximate function
– arbitrary function
– autocorrelation function
– Bassel-Wilkin function
– beta function
– Boolean function
– bounded function
– built-in function
– case-shift function
– characteristic function
– choice function
– circulating function
– complementary function
– composite function
– computable function
– confluent function
– constrained function
– content function
– contiguous function
– continuous function
– control function
– correlation function
– cost function
– course-of-value function
– covariance function
– criterion function
– crosscorrelation function
– decision function
– decreasing function
– density function
– derived function
– determining function
– digamma function
– discontinuous function
– discriminant function
– dissipative function
– distance function
– distribution function
– domain of a function
– donor function
– efficiency function
– entire function
– error function
– even function
– excitation function
– expenditure function
– explicit function
– exponential function
– factorable function
– factorial function
– fatigue function
– flow function
– force function
– forcing function
– frequency function
– function character
– function element
– function letters
– function multiplier
– function of singularities
– function of state
– function of support
– function of two variables
– function potentiometer
– function switch
– function vanishes
– fundamental function
– generalized function
– generating function
– Gibbs function
– Green's function
– harmonic function
– height-gain function
– Herglotz function
– implicit function
– increasing function
– increment of a function
– indicator function
– influence function
– inhibit function
– integral function
– inverse function
– jump function
– kernel function
– Lauricella function
– likelihood function
– loss function
– majority function
– many-valued function
– minorant function
– monotone function
– monotonic function
– multivalent function
– n-metacaloric function
– non-decreasing function
– noncomputable function
– objective function
– odd function
– one-valued function
– original function
– oscillation of a function
– partition function
– pattern function
– payoff function
– Pearcey function
– penalty function
– power function
– prescribed function
– probability function
– propagation function
– quaternion function
– random function
– range of a function
– range of function
– rational function
– real-valued function
– recursive function
– response function
– ring function
– risk function
– saltus function
– sampling function
– saw-tooth function
– scattering function
– signum function
– simple function
– sine function
– single-valued function
– singular function
– singularity function
– skew-symmetric function
– source function
– spectral function
– status function
– step function
– storage function
– stream function
– successor function
– support function
– switching function
– terminal-decision function
– test function
– threshold function
– transcendental function
– transfer function
– transition function
– trial function
– truth function
– unconstrained function
– utility function
– variation of a function
– wave function
– weight function
– weighting function
– well-behaved function
– work function
– zeta function
almost bounded function — функция, ограниченная почти всюду
complementary error function — <math.> функция ошибок дополнительная
confluent hypergeometric function — <math.> функция гипергеометрическая вырожденная
contrast transfer function — <opt.> характеристика частотно-контрастная
cumulant generating function — производящая функция семиинвариантов
delta function response — импульсная переходная проводимость
distribution function analyzer — анализатор функции распределения
element of analytic function — элемент аналитической функции
function of bounded variation — функция с ограниченным изменением
incompletely defined function — не всюду определенная функция
inverse hyperbolic function — <geom.> ареафункция
linear discriminant function — <math.> функция дискриминантная линейная
moment generating function — <math.> производящая функция моментов
monotone non-decreasing function — монотонная неубывающая функция
monotone non-increasing function — монотонная невозрастающая функция
normalized coherence function — комплексная степень когерентности, <opt.> коэффициент когерентности
point spread function — <opt.> функция аппаратная, <opt.> функция рассеяния точки
probability density function — <math.> плотность вероятности, плотность распределения
quadratically integrable function — функция с интегрируемым квадратом
Rayleigh dissipation function — <opt.> функция диссипативная
Riemann zeta function — <math.> дзета-функция Римана
sourcewise representable function — истокообразно представленная функция
transfer function analyzer — анализатор передаточной функции
-
88 job
1. сущ.1)а) общ. работа, дело, труд; задание, урок; (рабочая) операцияby the job — сдельно ( об оплате)
high-paid [high-salaried, high-salary\] job — высокооплачиваемая работа
low-paid [low-salaried, low-salary\] job — низкооплачиваемая работа
farm job — сельскохозяйственная работа, работа на ферме
office job — офисная работа, работа в офисе
selling job — работа, связанная с продажами
one-man job — работа, выполняемая одним человеком; работа, для выполнения которой требуется один человек
two-man job — работа, выполняемая двумя людьми; работа, для выполнения которой требуется два человека
painstaking job — трудоемкая [кропотливая\] работа
arduous job — тяжелая [трудная\] работа
risky job — рискованная [опасная\] работа
rush [time-critical\] job — спешная работа; срочная работа
See:service job, management job 1), odd job, McJob, off-the-job, on-the-job, part-time job, full-time job, job broker, job market, job analysis, job evaluation, job pricing, job description, job family, job design, job enlargement, job enrichment, job dilution, job characteristics model, job depth, job cycle, job scope, job shopper, job instruction, job instruction training, job management, job methods training, job relations training, job retraining, job performance, job-based pay, jobsite, Job Corps,б) эк. заказRight now I’m working on six jobs for US and UK clients. — Непосредственно сейчас я работаю над шестью заказами американских и британских клиентов.
See:в) общ., разг. трудное делоThey'll have a bit of a job getting here in this fog anyway. — В любом случае пробраться сюда в таком тумане будет непростой задачей.
2) общ., разг. место работы [службы\], работа; должность; рабочее местоto take smb. off the job — отстранять кого-л. от работы
to be out of a job — не иметь места (работы), быть без работы
to change jobs — менять работу, переходить на другое место работы
job applicant, applicant for a job — претендент на работу [рабочее место, должность\]
job application, application for a job — заявление о приеме на работу
job growth — рост числа рабочих мест, увеличение численности работающих
job shortage — недостаток [нехватка\] рабочих мест
See:job abandonment, job advertisement, job analyst, bridge job, community service job, trial job, subsidized job, Job Introduction Scheme, extra job, job chart, job bank, job centre, job club, job shop 2), job opportunity, Jobfinder Plus, jobplan workshop, job hunting, job wanted ad, job interview, job creation, job development, job burnout, job stress, job satisfaction, job rotation, job lock, job training, job coach, job competition theory, jobholder, jobless, job seeker, job-hopper, job leaver, job loser, job rights, job segregation, Job Training Partnership Act, non-monetary job characteristics, export of jobs3) торг. неликвид, залежалый товар ( продается по сниженной цене)See:4) общ. протекция, блат2. гл.His appointment was a job. — Он получил назначение по протекции.
1) общ., редк. заниматься нерегулярной [случайной\] работойHe jobs as a gardener from time to time. — Время от времени он работает садовником.
2) бирж., редк. быть посредником [перекупщиком, джоббером\] ( перепродавать мелкие партии товаров или ценных бумаг)See:3) общ., устар. ( пользоваться служебным положением в личных целях)3. прил.1) эк. тр. сдельный, наемный (о какой-л. недолгосрочной работе); выполняемый по заказам, связанный с работой по заказамSee:2) общ. относящийся к работающим [занятости\]
* * *
1) работа; дело; труд; 2) задание; конкретный проект; 3) функции работника. -
89 unit
сущ.1)а) мат. единицаSee:б) общ. единица измеренияSee:в) общ. киловатт-час2)а) общ. часть, элемент, член (некоторого целого; особенно базовый элемент); целое (особенно рассматриваемое в качестве счетной единицы, но состоящее из более мелких элементов)We know that community is made of smaller units. — Мы знаем, что общество состоит из более мелких единиц.
The traditional definition of the family is a unit made up of two or more people who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption, and who live together, form an economic unit, and bear and raise children. — Традиционное определение понятия "семья" звучит как "ячейка общества, сформированная из двух или более людей, которые связаны кровным родством, узами брака или усыновлением, проживают совместно (создавая экономическую ячейку), рожают и воспитывают детей".
б) общ. секция, блок (часть помещения, выделенная для какой-л. цели)She lived in one unit of a triplex. — Она жила в одном из блоков трехквартирного дома.
в) обр. тема*, часть*, секция* (относительно самостоятельный элемент учебного курса, посвященной определенной теме)The course consists of 64 lessons organised into 16 units. — Курс состоит из 64 уроков, объединенных в 16 тем.
3)а) общ. (организационная) единица, подразделение, отделениеSee:unit manager, subunit, administrative unit, bargaining unit, boundary-spanning unit, business unit, decision-making unit, income generating unit, offshore banking unit, production unit, work unitб) воен. часть; подразделение; соединение4)а) тех. блок; узел; агрегат; секция; комплектб) тех. устройство, установка, приборSee:5) стат. элемент ( выборки); единица наблюдения6) фин., преим. брит. пай ( минимальный взнос в инвестиционный фонд)See:unit trust, Financial Services and Markets Act, Financial Services Act 1986, collective investment scheme, uncertificated units
* * *
1) часть, доля, единица; 2) банк, который не имеет отделений и действует из одного офиса; см. unit banking; 3) количество, единица торговли; размер стандартной (минимальной) сделки; см. odd lot; 4) денежная единица; = monetary unit; 5) подразделение компании; 6) 1 акция или облигация; 7) группа членов фондовой биржи, торгующих одними и теми же ценными бумагами; 8) набор (напр., совместная торговля несколькими финансовыми инструментами в пакете).* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *Ценные бумаги/Биржевая деятельностьпартия ценных бумаг, реализуемая по единой цене -
90 worker
сущ.1)а) общ. работник, рабочий, исполнитель (выполняющий работу; занятый трудом, работой)municipal worker — муниципальный служащий, работник органов местного самоуправления
clerical worker — конторский [канцелярский\] служащий
day shift worker, day worker — дневной работник, работник дневной смены; сотрудник, работающий в дневную смену
night shift worker, night worker — ночной работник, работник ночной смены; сотрудник, работающий в ночную смену
Syn:See:atypical worker, black-coated worker, by-worker, caseworker, casual worker, child care workers, civilian workers, clerical workers, contingent worker, coworker, co-worker, data entry worker, discouraged worker, displaced worker, experienced worker, extension worker, family worker, farmworker 1), fellow worker, field worker, fixed-term contract worker, floorworker, full-time worker, gainful worker, gaming cage workers, gaming services workers, handicapped worker, home worker, homeworker, home-worker, human services worker, indentured worker 1), independent worker, indirect worker, inexperienced worker, key worker, keyworker, knowledge worker, knowledge-worker, law enforcement workers, leased worker, legal support workers, marginal worker, media and communication workers, minority worker, multiskilled worker, nonmanual worker, non-manual worker, non-worker, office worker, on-call worker, outworker, out-worker, parking enforcement workers, part-time worker, permanent worker, personal appearance workers, pink-collar worker, postal service workers, professional worker, public worker, radio worker, recreation workers, regular worker, religious workers, retail sales workers, salary worker, sales worker, service worker, sheltered worker, short-time worker, social service worker, social worker, social workers, structured task worker, teleworker, temp worker, temporary worker, typical worker, utility worker, wage worker, wageworker, wage-worker, white collar worker, white-collar worker, Workfare worker, involvement of workers, worker buy-out, worker director, worker dislocation, worker displacement, worker mobility, worker representation, workers' coverage, workers' involvement, workers' participation, workers' remittances, Convention (No. 100) concerning Equal Remuneration for Men and Women Workers for Work of Equal Value, Standard Occupational Classification System, World Federation of Scientific Workersб) общ. работник, рабочий; сотрудник (работники, осуществляющие функции преимущественно физического труда, непосредственно занятые в процессе создания материальных ценностей, поддержания в рабочем состоянии машин и механизмов, производственных помещений и пр.)agricultural worker — сельскохозяйственный рабочий, рабочий на ферме
industrial worker — промышленный рабочий, рабочий промышленности
worker in industry — промышленный рабочий, рабочий промышленности
farm worker — сельскохозяйственный рабочий, рабочий на ферме
assembly ( line) worker — рабочий на конвейере, сборщик на конвейере
trained worker — квалифицированный [обученный\] рабочий
transport worker — транспортный работник, работник транспорта
Syn:See:accident-prone worker, affluent worker, aggregate worker, agricultural workers, air transportation workers, assimilated worker, auto worker, autoworker, bindery workers, blue collar worker, blue-collar worker, building cleaning workers, core worker, cutting workers, deferential worker, direct worker, electrical worker, Extraction Workers, face worker, farm family worker, farmworker 2), food preparation workers, food processing workers, foreign worker, funeral service workers, general worker, guest worker, immigrant worker, indentured worker 2), itinerant worker, livestock worker, logging workers, manual worker, maritime worker, material moving workers, metal workers and plastic workers, migrant worker, migratory worker, odd-job worker, painting workers, periphery worker, pest control workers, photographic process workers, piece worker, piece-rate worker, pieceworker, piece-worker, print worker, printing workers, process worker, production worker, productive worker, rail transportation workers, relief worker, seasonal worker, shift worker, shiftworker, shock-worker, steel worker, steel-collar worker, steelworker, task worker, transportation workers, unskilled worker, water transportation workers, woodworker, class of workers, movement of workers, worker injury, worker-hour, workers' comp, workers' compensation, workers' condition, workers' control, workers' cooperative, workers' state COMBS: added worker effect, least preferred co-worker scale, Community Charter of the fundamental social rights of workers, Convention (No. 135) concerning Protection and Facilities to be Afforded to Workers' Representatives in the Undertaking, Sheet Metal Workers Local 28 v. EFOC, Standard Occupational Classification System, United Steel Workers of America v. Weber, Workers' Comp Law, Workers' Compensation Law,2) с.-х., биол. рабочий, работник; рабочее насекомое (о социальных насекомых, напр. муравьях, пчелах, термитах и др., как правило, стерильные особи, выполняющие большую часть работы по постройке жилища, его охране, заботе о потомстве и т.п.) -
91 crew
I
1. kru: noun1) (the group of people who work or operate a ship, aeroplane, bus etc.) tripulación2) (used jokingly, a group of people: What an odd crew!) pandilla, equipo
2. verb(usually with for) to act as a crew member (for someone). tripular- crewcut
II see crowcrew n tripulacióntr[krʊː]1 (of ship etc) tripulación nombre femenino2 (working team) equipo3 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (rowing team) equipo de remo\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLcamera crew equipo de filmaciónfilm crew equipo de rodajecrew member miembro de la tripulación, tripulante nombre masulino o femeninocrew neck (on sweater) cuello redondo————————tr[krʊː]1→ link=crow crow{crew ['kru:] n1) : tripulación f (de una nave)2) team: equipo m (de trabajadores o atletas)n.• banda s.f.• cuadrilla s.f.• equipaje s.m.• equipo s.m.• partida s.f.• tripulación s.f.kruːa) (Aviat, Naut) tripulación fcabin/flight/ground crew — personal m de cabina/vuelo/tierra; (before n)
crew member — miembro mf de la tripulación, tripulante mf
b) ( team) equipo mc) (gang, band) banda f, pandilla f
I [kruː]1. N1) (Aer, Naut) tripulación f ; (Navy) dotación f ; (excluding officers) marineros mpl rasos2) (Cine, Rowing) (gen) (=team) equipo m3) (=gang) pandilla f, banda f2.VI3.VT tripular4.CPD
II
[kruː]PT of crow* * *[kruː]a) (Aviat, Naut) tripulación fcabin/flight/ground crew — personal m de cabina/vuelo/tierra; (before n)
crew member — miembro mf de la tripulación, tripulante mf
b) ( team) equipo mc) (gang, band) banda f, pandilla f -
92 distinctly
adverb He pronounces his words very distinctly; I distinctly heard him tell you to wait!) claramentedistinctly adv perfectamente / claramentetr[dɪ'stɪŋktlɪ]1 (clearly - speak) con claridad; (- remember, hear) perfectamente, claramente; (decidedly) decididamentedistinctly [dɪ'stɪŋktli] adv: claramente, con claridadadv.• distintamente adv.dɪ'stɪŋktlia) <speak/enunciate> con claridadb) < hear> perfectamente, claramenteI distinctly remember telling you — me acuerdo perfectamente or muy bien de que te lo dije
c) ( decidedly)[dɪs'tɪŋktlɪ]ADV1) (=clearly) [see, hear, remember] claramente, perfectamente; [promise] definitivamente; [prefer] claramenteI distinctly remember locking the door — recuerdo claramente or perfectamente haber cerrado la puerta
2) (=very) [odd] verdaderamente; [uncomfortable, nervous] realmente; [better] marcadamenteshe was distinctly unhappy about the new arrangements — estaba realmente or muy descontenta con los nuevos planes
it was distinctly cold outside — fuera hacía verdadero or mucho frío
it is distinctly possible that... — bien podría ser que... + subjun
* * *[dɪ'stɪŋktli]a) <speak/enunciate> con claridadb) < hear> perfectamente, claramenteI distinctly remember telling you — me acuerdo perfectamente or muy bien de que te lo dije
c) ( decidedly) -
93 even
I
1. i:vən adjective1) (level; the same in height, amount etc: Are the table-legs even?; an even temperature.) uniforme, constante2) (smooth: Make the path more even.) liso, llano3) (regular: He has a strong, even pulse.) regular4) (divisible by 2 with no remainder: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 etc are even numbers.) par5) (equal (in number, amount etc): The teams have scored one goal each and so they are even now.) empatado6) ((of temperament etc) calm: She has a very even temper.) constante, tranquilo
2. verb1) (to make equal: Smith's goal evened the score.) igualar2) (to make smooth or level.) allanar, nivelar•- evenly- evenness
- be/get even with
- an even chance
- even out
- even up
II i:vən adverb1) (used to point out something unexpected in what one is saying: `Have you finished yet?' `No, I haven't even started.'; Even the winner got no prize.) ni siquiera2) (yet; still: My boots were dirty, but his were even dirtier.) todavía más, aún más•- even if- even so
- even though
even1 adj1. llano / liso / plano2. uniforme / regular / constante3. igualado / empatadonow we're even! ¡ya estamos en paz!even2 adv1. hasta / incluso / aunthe weather is always bad, even in summer siempre hace mal tiempo, incluso en verano2. aún / todavíaMonday was cold, but today it's even colder el lunes hizo frío, pero hoy hace más aún3. ni siquieraeven though aunque / a pesar de quetr['iːvən]1 (level, flat) llano,-a, plano,-a; (smooth) liso,-a2 (regular, steady) uniforme, regular, constante3 (evenly balanced) igual, igualado,-a4 (equal in measure, quantity, number) igual■ add even amounts of milk and water añadir igual cantidad de leche y agua, añadir leche y agua a partes iguales5 (number) par6 (placid - character) apacible, tranquilo,-a; (- voice) imperturbable7 (on the same level as) a nivel ( with, de)1 hasta, incluso, aun■ it's always sunny, even in winter siempre hace sol, incluso en invierno■ it's open every day, even on Sundays abren cada día, incluso los domingos2 (with negative) siquiera, ni siquiera3 (before comparative) aun, todavía1 (level) nivelar, allanar2 (score) igualar; (situation) equilibrar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLeven as mientras, justo cuandoeven if aun si, aunqueeven now incluso ahora, aun ahoraeven so incluso así, aun así, a pesar de esoeven then incluso entonces, aun entonceseven though aunque, aun cuandoto be even with somebody estar en paz con alguiento break even cubrir gastosto get even with somebody desquitarse con alguien■ I'll get even with you! ¡me las pagarás!even chances cincuenta por ciento de posibilidadeseven ['i:vən] vt1) level: allanar, nivelar, emparejar2) equalize: igualar, equilibrareven vito even out : nivelarse, emparejarseeven adv1) : hasta, inclusoeven a child can do it: hasta un niño puede hacerlohe looked content, even happy: se le veía satisfecho, incluso felizhe didn't even try: ni siquiera lo intentóeven better: aún mejor, todavía mejor4)even if : aunque5)even so : aun así6)even though : aun cuando, a pesar de queeven adj1) smooth: uniforme, liso, parejo2) flat: plano, llano3) equal: igual, igualadoan even score: un marcador igualado4) regular: regular, constantean even pace: un ritmo constante5) exact: exacto, justo6) : pareven number: número par7)to be even : estar en paz, estar a mano8)to get even : desquitarse, vengarseadj.• exacto, -a adj.• igual adj.• imparcial adj.• liso, -a adj.• llano, -a adj.• par (Matemática) adj.• parejero, -a adj.• parejo, -a adj.• plano, -a adj.• uniforme adj.adv.• aun adv.• aún adv.• hasta adv.• incluso adv.• siquiera adv.conj.• aun conj.v.• allanar v.• igualar v.
I 'iːvən1)a) hasta, inclusoeven now, five years later — incluso ahora, cuando ya han pasado cinco años
b) (with neg)c) (with comparative) aún, todavíathe next day was even colder — al día siguiente hizo aún or todavía más frío
2) (in phrases)even if — aunque (+ subj)
even if I knew, I wouldn't tell you — aunque lo supiera, no te lo diría
even though — aun cuando, a pesar de que
II
1)a) (flat, smooth) <ground/surface> plano; < coat of paint> uniformeb) (regular, uniform) <color/lighting> uniforme, parejo (AmL); < breathing> acompasado, regular; < temperature> constante2) ( equal) < distribution> equitativo, igualafter four rounds they're even — tras cuatro vueltas están or van igualados or empatados
so now we're even o so that makes us even — así que estamos en paz or (AmL tb) a mano
to break even — recuperar los gastos, no tener* ni pérdidas ni beneficios
to get even with — desquitarse, vengarse*
I'll get even with her — me las pagará
3) ( divisible by two) < number> par
III
1) ( level) \<\<surface\>\> allanar, nivelar2) ( make equal) \<\<score\>\> igualar; \<\<contest/situation\>\> equilibrar•Phrasal Verbs:- even out- even up['iːvǝn]1. ADJ1) (=smooth, flat) [surface, ground] planoto make sth even — nivelar algo, allanar algo
2) (=uniform) [speed, temperature, progress] constante; [breathing] regular; [distribution, colour, work] uniformekeel3) (=equal) [quantities, distances] igual; [distribution] equitativo•
to break even — llegar a cubrir los gastos•
he has an even chance of winning the election — (Brit) tiene las mismas posibilidades de ganar las elecciones que de perderlas, tiene un cincuenta por ciento de posibilidades de ganar las elecciones•
to get even with sb — ajustar cuentas con algnI'll get even with you for that! — ¡me las pagarás por eso! *
•
that makes us even — (in game) así quedamos empatados; (regarding money) así quedamos en paz or (LAm) a mano•
they are an even match — (in sports, games) los dos son igual de buenos; (fig) no le tiene nada que envidiar el uno al otro•
I'll give you even money that Arsenal will win — (Brit) para mí que Arsenal tiene las mismas posibilidades de ganar que de perder•
our score is even — estamos igualados or empatados•
to be even with sb — (in game) estar igualado con algn; (regarding money) estar en paz or (LAm) a mano con algn- give sb an even breakeven-handed, even-stevens4) (=calm)even-tempered5) (=not odd) [number] par2. ADV1) hasta, inclusoI have even forgotten his name — hasta or incluso he olvidado su nombre
even on Sundays — hasta or incluso los domingos
even the priest was there — hasta or incluso el cura estaba allí
pick them all, even the little ones — recógelos todos incluso los pequeños
even I know that! — ¡eso lo sé hasta yo!
2) (with compar adj or adv) aún, todavíaeven faster — aún or todavía más rápido
even better — aún or todavía mejor
even more easily — aún or todavía más fácilmente
even less money — aún or todavía menos dinero
•
not even... — ni siquiera...don't even think about it! — ¡ni lo pienses!
•
without even reading it — sin leerlo siquiera4) (in phrases)•
even as, even as he spoke the door opened — en ese mismo momento se abrió la puertaeven as he had wished it — frm exactamente como él lo había deseado
even if you tried — aunque lo intentaras, incluso si lo intentaras, así lo procuraras (LAm)
•
not... even if, not even if, he won't talk to you even if you do go there — no hablará contigo aunque vayas allíI couldn't be prouder, not even if you were my own son — no me sentiría más orgulloso, aunque fuera mi propio hijo
even now, you could still change your mind — todavía estás a tiempo de cambiar de idea
•
even so — aun asíeven so he was disappointed — aun así, quedó decepcionado
yes but even so... — sí, pero aun así...
he didn't listen, even though he knew I was right — no me hizo caso, aunque sabía que tenía razón
he never gets depressed, even when things go badly — nunca se deprime, incluso or ni siquiera cuando las cosas andan mal
we were never in love, not even when we got married — nunca estuvimos enamorados, ni siquiera cuando nos casamos
3. VT1) (=smooth, flatten) [+ surface, ground] nivelar, allanar2) (=equalize) igualar•
to even the score — (lit) igualar el marcadorhe was determined to even the score — (=get revenge) estaba decidido or empeñado a desquitarse
4.evensNPL (esp Brit)the bookmakers are offering evens — los corredores de apuestas ofrecen el doble de la cantidad aportada
- even out- even up* * *
I ['iːvən]1)a) hasta, inclusoeven now, five years later — incluso ahora, cuando ya han pasado cinco años
b) (with neg)c) (with comparative) aún, todavíathe next day was even colder — al día siguiente hizo aún or todavía más frío
2) (in phrases)even if — aunque (+ subj)
even if I knew, I wouldn't tell you — aunque lo supiera, no te lo diría
even though — aun cuando, a pesar de que
II
1)a) (flat, smooth) <ground/surface> plano; < coat of paint> uniformeb) (regular, uniform) <color/lighting> uniforme, parejo (AmL); < breathing> acompasado, regular; < temperature> constante2) ( equal) < distribution> equitativo, igualafter four rounds they're even — tras cuatro vueltas están or van igualados or empatados
so now we're even o so that makes us even — así que estamos en paz or (AmL tb) a mano
to break even — recuperar los gastos, no tener* ni pérdidas ni beneficios
to get even with — desquitarse, vengarse*
I'll get even with her — me las pagará
3) ( divisible by two) < number> par
III
1) ( level) \<\<surface\>\> allanar, nivelar2) ( make equal) \<\<score\>\> igualar; \<\<contest/situation\>\> equilibrar•Phrasal Verbs:- even out- even up -
94 how
1. adverb, conjunction1) (in what way: How do you make bread?) cómo2) (to what extent: How do you like my new hat?; How far is Paris from London?) cuánto; cómo de3) (by what means: I've no idea how he came here.) cómo4) (in what condition: How are you today?; How do I look?) cómo5) (for what reason: How is it that I am the last to know about this?) cómo•- however
2. conjunction(in no matter what way: This painting still looks wrong however you look at it.) de todas formas, lo (mires) como lo (mires)- how come
- how do you do?
how adv1. cómohow does this machine work? ¿cómo funciona esta máquina?how do you spell your name? ¿cómo se escribe tu nombre?2. quéhow beautiful you look! ¡qué guapa estás!how about...? ¿qué tal si...? / ¿qué te parece...?how about going to the park? ¿qué te parece si vamos al parque?how are you? ¿qué tal? / ¿cómo estás?how much did it cost? ¿cuánto te costó?how many chairs are there? ¿cuántas sillas hay?how old are you? ¿cuántos años tienes?How do you do? es un saludo formal que se emplea cuando alguien es presentado por primera vez. Se responde igual: How do you do?tr[haʊ]1 (in questions - direct) ¿cómo?; (- indirect) cómo■ how are you? ¿cómo estás?■ how can I help you? ¿cómo la puedo ayudar?■ how old are you? ¿cuántos años tienes?■ how long is it? ¿cuánto mide de largo?■ how often do you go to the cinema? ¿con qué frecuencia vas al cine?, ¿cada cuánto vas al cine?2 (in exclamations) qué■ how odd! ¡qué extraño!, ¡qué raro!■ how kind of you! ¿qué amable de tu parte!■ how well she dances! ¡qué bien baila!\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLand how! familiar ¡y tanto!how about... ¿y si.?, ¿qué te parece si...?■ how about a drink? ¿y si nos tomáramos una copa?■ how about going for a drive? ¿qué te parece si damos una vuelta con el coche?how about that! ¡vaya!how come...? familiar ¿por qué...?, ¿cómo es que...?■ how come this door's not locked? ¿cómo es que esta puerta no está cerrada?how come? familiar ¿y eso?, ¿por qué?how many? (number) cuántos,-ashow much? (quantity) cuánto,-ahow ['haʊ] adv1) : cómohow are you?: ¿cómo estas?I don't know how to fix it: no se cómo arreglarlo2) : quéhow beautiful!: ¡qué bonito!3) : cuántohow old are you?: ¿cuántos años tienes?4)how about...? : ¿qué te parece...?adv.• a qué adv.• como adv.• cuán adv.• cuánto adv.• cómo adv.• qué adv.interj.• cuál interj.• cómo interj.pron.• cómo pron.haʊ1) (in questions, indirect questions) cómohow are you? — ¿cómo estás?
how's the new job? — ¿cómo marcha el nuevo trabajo?
how's your French? — ¿qué tal es tu francés?
how do I look? — ¿cómo or qué tal estoy?
how would Monday suit you? — ¿te viene bien el lunes?
how will you vote? — ¿a or por quién vas a votar?
2) (with adjs, advs)a) (in questions, indirect questions)how wide is it? — ¿cuánto mide or tiene de ancho?, ¿qué tan ancho es? (AmL exc CS)
how heavy is it? — ¿cuánto pesa?
how high can you jump? — ¿hasta dónde puedes saltar?
how often do you meet? — ¿con qué frecuencia se reúnen?
how bad is the damage? — ¿de qué gravedad son los daños?, ¿qué tan graves son los daños? (AmL exc CS)
how old are you? — ¿cuántos años tienes?
I can't tell you how grateful I am! — no puedo decirte lo agradecido que estoy or (liter) cuán agradecido estoy!
b) ( in exclamations) quéhow strange/rude! — qué raro/grosero!
3) (in phrases)[haʊ]how about o (colloq) how's about something: how about a drink? ¿nos tomamos una copa?; Thursday's no good; how about Friday? el jueves no puede ser ¿qué te parece el viernes?; I'd love to go; how about you? me encantaría ir ¿y a ti?; 10 out of 10! how about that? 10 sobre 10 ¿qué te parece?; how come (colloq): how come the door's locked? ¿cómo es que la puerta está cerrada con llave?; and how! — (colloq) y cómo!
1. ADVERB1) (in direct and indirect questions, reported speech)a) with verbYou can usually use cómo to translate how in questions as well as after report verbs and verbs of (un)certainty and doubt (e.g. no sé):
cómohow did you do it? — ¿cómo lo hiciste?
how can that be? — ¿cómo puede ser eso?
how are you? — ¿cómo estás?, ¿cómo or qué tal te va? (LAm) *, ¿qué tal (estás)? (Sp) *
how was the film? — ¿qué tal la película?
please tell me how to do it — por favor, dígame cómo hacerlo
I wasn't sure how to make soup — no sabía muy bien cómo hacer or preparar una sopa
•
I explained to her how to make a paella — le expliqué cómo se hacía una paella•
I know how you did it — ya sé cómo lo hiciste•
to learn how to do sth — aprender a hacer algo, aprender cómo se hace algo•
how do you like your steak? — ¿cómo le gusta el filete?how do you like the book? — ¿qué te parece el libro?
•
how's that for cheek? — ¿no te parece de una cara dura increíble?•
I can't understand how it happened — no entiendo cómo ocurriób) (=to what degree)
how + adjective in questions can often be translated using cómo es/era de + adjective (agreeing with the noun), but other constructions might be more usual depending on the context:how big is it? — ¿cómo es de grande?
how difficult was the exam? — ¿cómo fue de difícil el examen?
how old are you? — ¿cuántos años tienes?
With adverbs various translations are possible depending on the context. A very common construction is preposition + [qué] + noun:how wide is this bed? — ¿qué anchura tiene esta cama?, ¿cuánto mide de ancho esta cama?
how far away is it? — ¿a qué distancia queda?, ¿qué tan lejos queda? (LAm)
how far is it (from here) to Edinburgh? — ¿qué distancia hay de aquí a Edimburgo?
how fast can it go? — ¿a qué velocidad puede ir?
how soon can you be ready? — ¿cuánto tardas en prepararte?
To translate [how] + adjective/adverb in reported speech, [lo] + adjective/adverb is used. Note that the adjective agrees with the noun.how soon can you come? — ¿cuándo puedes venir?
and how! ¡y cómo!, ¡y tanto! how aboutthey've been telling me how well you did in your exams — ya me han hablado de lo bien que hiciste los exámenes
how about tomorrow? — ¿qué te parece mañana?
how about a cup of tea? — ¿te apetece una taza de té?
I like it, but how about you? — a mí me gusta, pero ¿y a ti?
how longhow about going to the cinema? — ¿qué tal si vamos al cine?, ¿y si vamos al cine?
how long is this bed? — ¿qué longitud tiene esta cama?, ¿cuánto mide de largo esta cama?
how long will you be? — ¿cuánto vas a tardar?
how manyhow long have you been here? — ¿cuánto tiempo llevas aquí?
how many are there? — ¿cuántos hay?
how muchhow many cartons of milk did you buy? — ¿cuántos cartones de leche has comprado?
how much sugar do you want? — ¿cuánto azúcar quieres?
how oftenhow much is it? — ¿cuánto vale?, ¿cuánto es?
else Translate how with verbs other than report ones or verbs of (un)certainty and doubt using como without an accent: como You can often translate how + adjective/adverb using qué + adjective/adverb: quéhow often do you go? — ¿con qué frecuencia vas?
how beautiful! — ¡qué bonito!
how strange! — ¡qué raro!
how quickly the time passed! — ¡qué de prisa pasó el tiempo!
how glad I am to see you! — ¡cuánto me alegro de verte!
how they talk! — ¡cuánto hablan!
how sorry I am! — ¡cuánto lo siento!
how she's changed! — ¡cuánto ha cambiado!
2.CONJUNCTION (=that) * que3.NOUN* * *[haʊ]1) (in questions, indirect questions) cómohow are you? — ¿cómo estás?
how's the new job? — ¿cómo marcha el nuevo trabajo?
how's your French? — ¿qué tal es tu francés?
how do I look? — ¿cómo or qué tal estoy?
how would Monday suit you? — ¿te viene bien el lunes?
how will you vote? — ¿a or por quién vas a votar?
2) (with adjs, advs)a) (in questions, indirect questions)how wide is it? — ¿cuánto mide or tiene de ancho?, ¿qué tan ancho es? (AmL exc CS)
how heavy is it? — ¿cuánto pesa?
how high can you jump? — ¿hasta dónde puedes saltar?
how often do you meet? — ¿con qué frecuencia se reúnen?
how bad is the damage? — ¿de qué gravedad son los daños?, ¿qué tan graves son los daños? (AmL exc CS)
how old are you? — ¿cuántos años tienes?
I can't tell you how grateful I am! — no puedo decirte lo agradecido que estoy or (liter) cuán agradecido estoy!
b) ( in exclamations) quéhow strange/rude! — qué raro/grosero!
3) (in phrases)how about o (colloq) how's about something: how about a drink? ¿nos tomamos una copa?; Thursday's no good; how about Friday? el jueves no puede ser ¿qué te parece el viernes?; I'd love to go; how about you? me encantaría ir ¿y a ti?; 10 out of 10! how about that? 10 sobre 10 ¿qué te parece?; how come (colloq): how come the door's locked? ¿cómo es que la puerta está cerrada con llave?; and how! — (colloq) y cómo!
-
95 single
'siŋɡl
1. adjective1) (one only: The spider hung on a single thread.) solo, único2) (for one person only: a single bed/mattress.) individual3) (unmarried: a single person.) soltero4) (for or in one direction only: a single ticket/journey/fare.) de ida, sencillo
2. noun1) (a gramophone record with only one tune or song on each side: This group have just brought out a new single.) (disco) sencillo, single2) (a one-way ticket.) billete sencillo•- singles
- singly
- single-breasted
- single-decker
- single-handed
- single parent
- single out
single1 adj1. solo / único2. individual3. solteroare you single or married? ¿estás soltero o casado?single2 n1. billete de idaa single to Castleford, please un billete de ida a Castleford, por favor2. sencillohave you listened to their new single? ¿has escuchado su nuevo sencillo?Del verbo singlar: ( conjugate singlar) \ \
singlé es: \ \1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo
single es: \ \1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo
single /'siŋgel/ sustantivo masculino 1 (Mús) single 2 ( en tenis)b)' single' also found in these entries: Spanish: billete - cama - casarse - desfilar - fila - gramaje - india - indio - individual - monetaria - monetario - monocultivo - monofásica - monofásico - monoplaza - no - pasar - sencilla - sencillo - singularizar - sola - solo - soltera - soltero - triste - unicameral - unicelular - unifamiliar - año - boleto - crema - habitación - labio - madre - ni - palabra - pasaje - quedar - seguir - suelto - único - uno English: currency - file - navigate - section - single - single currency - single out - single parent - single-breasted - single-family - single-figure - single-handed - single-minded - single-mindedness - single-sex - single-space - single-spacing - anything - bachelor - blossom - cloud - coil - curriculum - hair - individual - odd - one - scrap - session - shred - sitting - solitary - stair - standing - straw - whisker - worktr['sɪŋgəl]1 (only one) solo,-a, único,-a2 (composed of one part) simple, sencillo,-a3 (for one person) individual4 (separate, individual) cada5 (unmarried) soltero,-a1 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL (single ticket) billete nombre masculino de ida, billete nombre masculino sencillo2 (record) (disco) sencillo, single nombre masculino\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLin single file en fila indiasingle combat combate nombre masculino singularsingle cream nata líquidasingle room habitación nombre femenino individual1) select: escoger2) distinguish: señalarsingle adj1) unmarried: soltero2) sole: soloa single survivor: un solo sobrevivienteevery single one: cada uno, todossingle n1) : soltero m, -ra ffor married couples and singles: para los matrimonios y los solteros3) dollar: billete m de un dólaradj.• célibe adj.• habitación individual s.f.• individual adj.• mozo, -a adj.• sencillo, -a adj.• simple adj.• singular adj.• solo, -a adj.• soltero, -a adj.• uno, -a adj.• único, -a adj.v.• singularizar v.
I 'sɪŋgəl1) ( just one) (before n) soloa single issue dominated the talks — un solo or único tema dominó las conversaciones
it's the single most important issue — es el tema más importante or de mayor importancia
every single day — todos los días sin excepción, todos los santos días (fam); (with neg)
2) (before n)a) ( for one person) < room> individual; <bed/sheet> individual, de una plaza (AmL)b) ( not double) <lens/engine/line> solo; < flower> simplesingle figures — cifras fpl de un solo dígito
c) (BrE Transp) <fare/ticket> de ida, sencillo3) ( unmarried) solteroI'm single — soy or (Esp tb) estoy soltero
•Phrasal Verbs:
II
1) (Audio, Mus) single m, (disco m) sencillo m2)a) ( ticket) (BrE) boleto m or (Esp) billete m de idab) ( room) (habitación f) individual f or sencilla f3) singles pl (before n)singles bar — bar para personas en busca de pareja
4) ( Sport)a) ( in baseball) sencillo mb) ( in cricket) tanto m; see also singles['sɪŋɡl]1. ADJ1) (before noun) (=one only) solo2) (before noun) (emphatic)•
we didn't see a single car that afternoon — no vimos ni un solo coche esa tarde•
it rained every single day — no dejó de llover ni un solo día, llovió todos los días sin excepción•
not a or one single person came to her aid — ni una sola persona fue a ayudarla•
the single biggest problem — el problema más grandethe US is the single biggest producer of carbon dioxide — los EEUU son los mayores productores de carbón
•
I couldn't think of a single thing to say — no se me ocurría nada que decir3) (before noun) (=individual)4) (before noun) (=not double) [bed, sheet, room] individual; [garage] para un solo coche; [whisky, gin etc] sencillo; [bloom] simplefigure 1., 5)2. N3) (=record) sencillo m, single m4) (Cricket) (=one run) tanto m5) (Brit) (=pound coin or note) billete m or moneda f de una libra; (US) (=dollar note) billete m de un dólar6) singlesa) (Tennis etc) individuales mplb) (=unmarried people) solteros mpl3.CPDsingle combat N — combate m singular
single cream N — (Brit) crema f de leche líquida, nata f líquida (Sp)
single currency N — moneda f única
single density disk N — disco m de densidad sencilla
single European currency N — moneda f europea
•
the Single European Market — el Mercado Único Europeosingle father N — padre m soltero, padre m sin pareja
single file N —
single honours N — licenciatura universitaria en la que se estudia una sola especialidad
single lens reflex (camera) N — cámara f réflex de una lente
single malt (whisky) N — whisky m de malta
single market N — mercado m único
single mother N — madre f soltera, madre f sin pareja
single parent N — (=woman) madre f soltera, madre f sin pareja; (=man) padre m soltero, padre m sin pareja
single parent benefit N — ayuda del Estado por ser padre soltero o madre soltera
singles bar N — bar m para solteros
singles chart N — lista f de los singles más vendidos
single spacing N — (Typ) interlineado m simple
single supplement, single person supplement, single room supplement N — (in hotel) recargo m por reserva individual
single transferable vote N (Pol) —
single transferable vote system — sistema m del voto único transferible
* * *
I ['sɪŋgəl]1) ( just one) (before n) soloa single issue dominated the talks — un solo or único tema dominó las conversaciones
it's the single most important issue — es el tema más importante or de mayor importancia
every single day — todos los días sin excepción, todos los santos días (fam); (with neg)
2) (before n)a) ( for one person) < room> individual; <bed/sheet> individual, de una plaza (AmL)b) ( not double) <lens/engine/line> solo; < flower> simplesingle figures — cifras fpl de un solo dígito
c) (BrE Transp) <fare/ticket> de ida, sencillo3) ( unmarried) solteroI'm single — soy or (Esp tb) estoy soltero
•Phrasal Verbs:
II
1) (Audio, Mus) single m, (disco m) sencillo m2)a) ( ticket) (BrE) boleto m or (Esp) billete m de idab) ( room) (habitación f) individual f or sencilla f3) singles pl (before n)singles bar — bar para personas en busca de pareja
4) ( Sport)a) ( in baseball) sencillo mb) ( in cricket) tanto m; see also singles -
96 sound
I
adjective1) (strong or in good condition: The foundations of the house are not very sound; He's 87, but he's still sound in mind and body.) sano, sólido, firme2) ((of sleep) deep: She's a very sound sleeper.) profundo3) (full; thorough: a sound basic training.) completo, severo4) (accurate; free from mistakes: a sound piece of work.) bueno, sólido5) (having or showing good judgement or good sense: His advice is always very sound.) juicioso, sensato, acertado, consistente•- soundly- soundness
- sound asleep
II
1. noun1) (the impressions transmitted to the brain by the sense of hearing: a barrage of sound; (also adjective) sound waves.) sonido2) (something that is, or can be, heard: The sounds were coming from the garage.) ruido, sonido, voces3) (the impression created in the mind by a piece of news, a description etc: I didn't like the sound of her hairstyle at all!) idea
2. verb1) (to (cause something to) make a sound: Sound the bell!; The bell sounded.) tocar, hacer sonar2) (to signal (something) by making a sound: Sound the alarm!) sonar, resonar3) ((of something heard or read) to make a particular impression; to seem; to appear: Your singing sounded very good; That sounds like a train.) sonar, parecer4) (to pronounce: In the word `pneumonia', the letter p is not sounded.) pronunciar(se)5) (to examine by tapping and listening carefully: She sounded the patient's chest.) auscultar•- soundlessly
- sound effects
- soundproof
3. verb(to make (walls, a room etc) soundproof.) insonorizar
III
verb(to measure the depth of (water etc).) sondar- sounding- sound out
sound1 adj sólido / bueno / fuerte / segurosound2 n1. sonido2. ruido3. volumencan you turn the sound up? ¿puedes subir el volumen?sound3 vb1. parecerfrom what he says it sounds like a wonderful hotel por lo que dice, parece un hotel maravilloso2. sonarif the alarm sounds, leave the building si suena la alarma, abandona el edificiotr[saʊnd]1 (healthy) sano,-a■ of sound mind en su sano juicio, en pleno uso de sus facultades■ safe and sound sano,-a y salvo,-a2 (solid) sólido,-a, firme; (in good condition) en buen estado3 (sensible) sensato,-a, acertado,-a; (valid) sólido,-a, lógico,-a, razonable; (responsible) responsable, formal, de fiar; (reliable, safe) seguro,-a4 (thorough) completo,-a; (severe) severo,-a5 (of sleep) profundo,-a\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be as sound as a bell (person) estar sano,-a 2 (thing) estar en perfectas condiciones, estar en perfecto estadoto be sound asleep estar profundamente dormido,-a————————tr[saʊnd]1 SMALLGEOGRAPHY/SMALL estrecho, brazo de mar————————tr[saʊnd]■ I was born within the sound of Bow bells desde donde nací se oyen las campanas de la iglesia de Bow■ turn the sound up/down sube/baja el volumen3 (impression, idea) idea■ I don't like the sound of this esto se está poniendo feo, esto me da mala espina■ by/from the sound of it, he's getting on fine por lo visto las cosas le van bien2 SMALLLINGUISTICS/SMALL pronunciar1 (bell, horn, alarm, etc) sonar, resonar2 (seem) parecer; (give impression) sonar■ how does that sound? ¿qué te parece eso?■ does this sentence sound right to you? ¿te suena bien esta frase?3 SMALLLINGUISTICS/SMALL pronunciarse, sonar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLsound barrier barrera del sonidosound card tarjeta de sonidosound check prueba de sonidosound effects efectos nombre masculino plural sonorossound engineer ingeniero,-a de sonidosound wave onda sonora————————tr[saʊnd]1 SMALLMARITIME/SMALL sondar1 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL sondasound ['saʊnd] vt1) : sondar (en navegación)3) : hacer sonar, tocar (una trompeta, etc.)sound vi1) : sonarthe alarm sounded: la alarma sonó2) seem: parecersound adj1) healthy: sanosafe and sound: sano y salvoof sound mind and body: en pleno uso de sus facultades2) firm, solid: sólido3) sensible: lógico, sensato4) deep: profundoa sound sleep: un sueño profundosound n1) : sonido mthe speed of sound: la velocidad del sonido2) noise: sonido m, ruido mI heard a sound: oí un sonido3) channel: brazo m de mar, canal m (ancho)adj.• confiable adj.• firme adj.• ileso, -a adj.• macizo, -a adj.• razonable adj.• sano, -a adj.• sonido, -a adj.• sólido, -a adj.n.• ruido s.m.• son s.m.• sonda s.f.• sonido s.m.• tañido s.m.• toque s.m.v.• fondear v.• hondear v.• sonar v.• sondear v.• tocar v.
I saʊnd1) noun2) u ca) ( noise) sonido m; (unpleasant, disturbing) ruido mb) (of music, instrument) sonido mc) ( Ling) sonido m3) ua) ( Phys) sonido m; (before n)b) (Audio, Rad, TV) sonido mturn the sound up/down — sube/baja el volumen; (before n)
sound effects — efectos mpl sonoros
4) ( impression conveyed) (colloq) (no pl)by o from the sound of it, everything's going very well — parece que or por lo visto todo marcha muy bien
5) ca) ( channel) paso m, estrecho mb) ( inlet) brazo m
II
1.
1)a) ( give impression) sonar*your voice sounds o you sound different on the phone — tu voz suena distinta por teléfono
you sound as if o as though you could do with a rest — me da la impresión de que no te vendría mal un descanso
it sounds as if o as though they're here now — (por el ruido) parece que ya están aquí
b) ( seem) parecer*we'll leave at ten; how does that sound to you? — saldremos a las diez ¿qué te parece?
it sounds as if o as though you had a great time — parece que lo pasaste fenomenal
sounds like fun! — (colloq) qué divertido!
2) (make noise, resound) \<\<bell/alarm\>\> sonar*
2.
vt1)a) \<\<trumpet/horn\>\> tocar*, hacer* sonarthe chairman sounded a note of warning in his speech — en su discurso, el presidente llamó a la cautela
b) ( articulate) \<\<letter/consonant\>\> pronunciar2) sound out•Phrasal Verbs:
III
adjective -er, -est1)a) ( healthy) sanoI, Peter Smith, being of sound mind... — (frml) yo, Peter Smith, (estando) en pleno uso de mis facultades... (frml)
b) ( in good condition) <basis/foundation> sólido, firme; < timber> en buenas condiciones2)a) ( valid) <reasoning/knowledge> sólido; <advice/decision> sensatob) ( reliable) <colleague/staff> responsable, formal3)b) (hard, thorough)
IV
adverb -er, -est
I [saʊnd]1. N1) (Phys) sonido m2) (=noise) ruido mthe sound of breaking glass — el ruido de cristales que se rompen/rompían
•
I didn't hear a sound — no oí ni un ruido•
don't make a sound! — ¡no hagas el menor ruido!•
not a sound was to be heard — no se oía or (esp LAm) sentía ruido alguno•
to the sound of the national anthem — al son del himno nacional•
they were within sound of the camp — el campamento estaba al alcance del oído•
he opened the door without a sound — abrió la puerta sin hacer nada de ruido3) (=volume) volumen mcan I turn the sound down? — ¿puedo bajar el volumen?
4) (=musical style)5) (fig) (=impression)•
by the sound of it — según parece•
I don't like the sound of it — (film etc) por lo que he oído, no me gusta nada; (situation) me preocupa, me da mala espina2. VT1) [+ horn, trumpet] tocar, hacer sonar; [+ bell] tocar; [+ alarm, warning] dar; [+ praises] cantar, entonar•
to sound the charge — (Mil) tocar la carga•
sound your horn! — (Aut) ¡toca el claxon!•
to sound a note of warning — (fig) dar la señal de alarma•
to sound the retreat — (Mil) tocar la retirada2) (=pronounce) pronunciarsound your "r"s more — pronuncia más claro la "r"
to sound the "d" in "hablado" — pronunciar la "d" en "hablado"
3. VI1) (=emit sound) sonara cannon sounded a long way off — se oyó un cañón a lo lejos, sonó or resonó un cañón a lo lejos
2) (=appear to be)a) (from aural clues) sonarhe sounds Italian to me — por la voz, diría que es italiano
•
it sounds like French — suena a francésb) (from available information) sonar, parecer•
it sounds as if or as though she won't be coming — parece que no va a venir•
how does it sound to you? — ¿qué te parece?•
that sounds like a good idea — eso parece buena idea4.CPDsound archive N — archivo m de sonido
sound barrier N — barrera f del sonido
sound bite N — cita f jugosa
sound card N — (Comput) tarjeta f de sonido
sound effect N — efecto m sonoro
sound engineer N — ingeniero(-a) m / f de sonido
sound file N — (Comput) fichero m de sonido
sound library N — fonoteca f
sound mixer N — (=engineer) ingeniero(-a) m / f de sonido
sound recording N — grabación f sonora
sound recordist N — (TV) registrador(a) m / f de sonido
sound shift N — cambio m de pronunciación
sound system N — (Ling) sistema m fonológico; (=hi-fi) cadena f de sonido
sound truck N — (US) furgón m publicitario
sound wave N — (Phys) onda f sonora
II
[saʊnd]VT1) (Naut) sondar2) (Med) [+ chest] auscultar; [+ cavity, passage] sondar
III [saʊnd]1. ADJ(compar sounder) (superl soundest)1) (=in good condition) sano; [constitution] robusto; [structure] sólido, firme- be as sound as a bellsafe 1., 1)2) (=well-founded) [argument] bien fundado, sólido; [ideas, opinions] válido, razonable; [investment] bueno, seguro; [training] sólido; [decision, choice] acertado3) (=dependable) [person] formal, digno de confianzahe's a very sound man — es un hombre formal or digno de confianza
he's a sound worker — es buen trabajador, trabaja con seriedad
4) (=thorough)5) (=deep, untroubled) [sleep] profundo2.ADV
IV
[saʊnd]N (Geog) estrecho m, brazo m de mar* * *
I [saʊnd]1) noun2) u ca) ( noise) sonido m; (unpleasant, disturbing) ruido mb) (of music, instrument) sonido mc) ( Ling) sonido m3) ua) ( Phys) sonido m; (before n)b) (Audio, Rad, TV) sonido mturn the sound up/down — sube/baja el volumen; (before n)
sound effects — efectos mpl sonoros
4) ( impression conveyed) (colloq) (no pl)by o from the sound of it, everything's going very well — parece que or por lo visto todo marcha muy bien
5) ca) ( channel) paso m, estrecho mb) ( inlet) brazo m
II
1.
1)a) ( give impression) sonar*your voice sounds o you sound different on the phone — tu voz suena distinta por teléfono
you sound as if o as though you could do with a rest — me da la impresión de que no te vendría mal un descanso
it sounds as if o as though they're here now — (por el ruido) parece que ya están aquí
b) ( seem) parecer*we'll leave at ten; how does that sound to you? — saldremos a las diez ¿qué te parece?
it sounds as if o as though you had a great time — parece que lo pasaste fenomenal
sounds like fun! — (colloq) qué divertido!
2) (make noise, resound) \<\<bell/alarm\>\> sonar*
2.
vt1)a) \<\<trumpet/horn\>\> tocar*, hacer* sonarthe chairman sounded a note of warning in his speech — en su discurso, el presidente llamó a la cautela
b) ( articulate) \<\<letter/consonant\>\> pronunciar2) sound out•Phrasal Verbs:
III
adjective -er, -est1)a) ( healthy) sanoI, Peter Smith, being of sound mind... — (frml) yo, Peter Smith, (estando) en pleno uso de mis facultades... (frml)
b) ( in good condition) <basis/foundation> sólido, firme; < timber> en buenas condiciones2)a) ( valid) <reasoning/knowledge> sólido; <advice/decision> sensatob) ( reliable) <colleague/staff> responsable, formal3)b) (hard, thorough)
IV
adverb -er, -est -
97 turn
tə:n
1. verb1) (to (make something) move or go round; to revolve: The wheels turned; He turned the handle.) girar2) (to face or go in another direction: He turned and walked away; She turned towards him.) dar media vuelta, girarse3) (to change direction: The road turned to the left.) girar4) (to direct; to aim or point: He turned his attention to his work.) dirigir; desviar5) (to go round: They turned the corner.) doblar6) (to (cause something to) become or change to: You can't turn lead into gold; At what temperature does water turn into ice?) volverse, convertirse, transformarse7) (to (cause to) change colour to: Her hair turned white; The shock turned his hair white.) volverse
2. noun1) (an act of turning: He gave the handle a turn.) giro2) (a winding or coil: There are eighty turns of wire on this aerial.) vuelta3) ((also turning) a point where one can change direction, eg where one road joins another: Take the third turn(ing) on/to the left.) curva, recodo4) (one's chance or duty (to do, have etc something shared by several people): It's your turn to choose a record; You'll have to wait your turn in the bathroom.) turno5) (one of a series of short circus or variety acts, or the person or persons who perform it: The show opened with a comedy turn.) número•- turnover
- turnstile
- turntable
- turn-up
- by turns
- do someone a good turn
- do a good turn
- in turn
- by turns
- out of turn
- speak out of turn
- take a turn for the better
- worse
- take turns
- turn a blind eye
- turn against
- turn away
- turn back
- turn down
- turn in
- turn loose
- turn off
- turn on
- turn out
- turn over
- turn up
turn1 n1. turno2. calleturn2 vb1. girar / dar vueltas2. girar / torcerturn right at the traffic lights en el semáforo, gira a la derecha3. dar la vuelta4. pasar / volver5. volverse / darse la vuelta6. volverse / ponersetr[tɜːn]1 (act of turning) vuelta2 (change of direction) giro, vuelta; (bend) curva, recodo3 (chance, go) turno■ whose turn is it? ¿a quién le toca?4 (change) cambio, giro5 (short walk) vuelta, paseo7 (act of kindness, favour) favor nombre masculino8 SMALLTHEATRE/SMALL (act) número1 (rotate) girar, hacer girar, dar la vuelta a3 (cause to change direction) girar, dar la vuelta a■ about turn! ¡media vuelta!4 (invert) darle la vuelta a■ it turned her into a different person la convirtió en una persona diferente, la convirtió en otra persona6 (pass) pasar■ it's turned twelve pasan de las doce, son más de las doce, son las doce pasadas7 (fold) doblar8 (shape) tornear, labrar en un torno1 (revolve) girar, dar vueltas2 (change direction - person) girarse, dar la vuelta, volverse; (- car) girar, torcer; (- plane, ship) virar; (- tide) repuntar■ it has turned from a small fishing village into a tourist resort de pueblecito de pescadores se ha convertido en centro turístico\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLat every turn a cada paso, a cada momentoby turns / in turns por turnos, sucesivamentein turn a su vez, por su parteon the turn a punto de cambiarone good turn deserves another favor con favor se pagaout of turn fuera de lugarto be badly turned out ir mal vestido,-ato be done to a turn / be cooked to a turn estar en su puntoto be well turned out ir bien vestido,-ato do somebody a good turn hacerle un favor a alguiento do somebody a bad turn hacer un mala pasada a alguiento take it in turns turnarseto turn free dejar en libertad, soltarto turn one's hand to something dedicarse a algoto turn somebody's head afectar mucho a alguien■ they turned the house inside out, but they couldn't find it revolvieron toda la casa, pero no lo encontraronturn and turn about por turnosturn of phrase manera de expresarseturn of the century finales nombre masculino plural de sigloturn of the screw vuelta del tornilloturn ['tərn] vt1) : girar, voltear, volverto turn one's head: voltear la cabezashe turned her chair toward the fire: giró su asiento hacia la hoguera2) rotate: darle vuelta a, hacer girarturn the handle: dale vuelta a la manivela3) sprain, wrench: dislocar, torcer4) upset: revolver (el estómago)5) transform: convertirto turn water into wine: convertir el agua en vino6) shape: tornear (en carpintería)turn vi1) rotate: girar, dar vueltas2) : girar, doblar, dar una vueltaturn left: doble a la izquierdato turn around: dar la media vuelta3) become: hacerse, volverse, ponerse4) sour: agriarse, cortarse (dícese de la leche)5)to turn to : recurrir athey have no one to turn to: no tienen quien les ayudeturn n1) : vuelta f, giro ma sudden turn: una vuelta repentina2) change: cambio m3) curve: curva f (en un camino)4) : turno mthey're awaiting their turn: están esperando su turnowhose turn is it?: ¿a quién le toca?v.• tornear v. (sth.) upexpr.• descubrir (algo) v.v.• cambiar v.• dar vueltas a v.• doblar v.• girar v.• recurrir v.• torcer v.• tornar v.• virar v.• volver v.n.• cambio s.m.• curva s.f.• giro s.m.• lance s.m.• recodo s.m.• retortero s.m.• revuelto s.m.• sesgo s.m.• torneado s.m.• torno s.m.• turno s.m.• vez s.f.• viraje s.m.• vuelta s.f.tɜːrn, tɜːn
I
1)a) ( rotation) vuelta fto a turn: the meat was done to a turn — la carne estaba hecha a la perfección, la carne estaba en su punto justo
b) ( change of direction) vuelta f, giro mno left turn — prohibido girar or doblar or torcer a la izquierda
take the next left/right turn — tome or (esp Esp) coja or (esp AmL) agarre la próxima a la izquierda/derecha
at every turn — a cada paso, a cada momento
d) (change, alteration)to take a turn for the better — empezar* a mejorar
to take a turn for the worse — empeorar, ponerse* peor
to be on the turn — \<\<events/tide\>\> estar* cambiando; \<\<leaves\>\> estar* cambiando de color; \<\<milk/food\>\> (BrE) estar* echándose a perder
2)a) ( place in sequence)whose turn is it? — ¿a quién le toca?
to take turns o to take it in turn(s) — turnarse
we'll take turns o we'll take it in turn(s) to do the cooking — nos vamos a turnar para cocinar, vamos a cocinar por turnos
b) (in phrases)in turn: each in turn was asked the same question a cada uno de ellos se le hizo la misma pregunta; out of turn: she realized she'd spoken out of turn — se dio cuenta de que su comentario (or interrupción etc) había estado fuera de lugar
3) ( service)to do somebody a good turn — hacerle* un favor a alguien
4) (form, style)she has a logical/practical turn of mind — es muy lógica/práctica
5)a) (bout of illness, disability)he had a funny turn — le dio un ataque (or un mareo etc)
b) ( nervous shock) susto m6) ( act) (esp BrE) número m
II
1.
1)a) ( rotate) \<\<knob/handle/wheel\>\> (hacer*) girarb) (set, regulate)to turn something to something: turn the knob to `hot' ponga el indicador en `caliente'; he turned the oven to a lower temperature — bajó la temperatura del horno
2)a) (change position, direction of) \<\<head\>\> volver*, voltear (AmL exc RPl)she turned her back on them — les volvió or les dio la espalda, les volteó la espalda (AmL exc RPl)
can you turn the TV this way a bit? — ¿puedes poner el televisor más para este lado?
b) (direct, apply)to turn something to something: I turned my mind to more pleasant thoughts me puse a pensar en cosas más agradables; the administration has turned its efforts to... la administración ha dirigido sus esfuerzos a...; they turned the situation to their own profit — utilizaron la situación para su propio provecho; advantage b)
3)a) ( reverse) \<\<mattress/omelette\>\> darle* la vuelta a, voltear (AmL exc CS), dar* vuelta (CS); \<\<page\>\> pasar, volver*, dar* vuelta (CS); \<\<soil\>\> remover*, voltear (AmL exc CS), dar* vuelta (CS)he turned the card face down — puso or volvió la carta boca abajo
b) ( upset)4)a) ( go around) \<\<corner\>\> dar* la vuelta a, dar* vuelta (CS)b) ( pass)5) ( send)I couldn't simply turn him from my door — no le podía negar ayuda, no le podía volver la espalda; loose I 2)
6)a) (change, transform) volver*to turn something to/into something — transformar or convertir* algo en algo
they've turned the place into a pigsty! — han puesto la casa (or la habitación etc) como una pocilga!
b) ( make sour) \<\<milk\>\> agriarc) ( confuse) \<\<mind\>\> trastornar7)a) ( shape - on lathe) tornear; (- on potter's wheel) hacer*b) ( formulate)a well-turned phrase — una frase elegante or pulida
8) ( make) \<\<profit\>\> sacar*
2.
vi1) ( rotate) \<\<handle/wheel\>\> girar, dar* vuelta(s)the outcome of the election turns on one crucial factor — el resultado de las elecciones depende de un factor decisivo
2)a) ( to face in different direction) \<\<person\>\> volverse*, darse* la vuelta, voltearse (AmL exc CS), darse* vuelta (CS); \<\<car\>\> dar* la vuelta, dar* vuelta (CS)she turned to me with a smile — me miró sonriéndome, se volvió hacia mí con una sonrisa
he turned onto his side — se volvió or se puso de lado
left/right turn! — (BrE Mil) media vuelta a la izquierda/derecha!
b) (change course, direction)the army then turned north — entonces el ejército cambió de rumbo, dirigiéndose al norte
to turn left/right — girar or doblar or torcer* a la izquierda/derecha
c) ( curve) \<\<road/river\>\> torcer*3)a) ( focus on)to turn to another subject — pasar a otro tema, cambiar de tema
b) (resort, have recourse to)to turn to violence/a friend — recurrir a la violencia/un amigo
to turn to drink — darse* a la bebida
to turn to somebody/something for something: she turned to her parents for support recurrió or acudió a sus padres en busca de apoyo; he turned to nature for inspiration — buscó inspiración en la naturaleza
4)a) ( become)Ed Wright, naturalist turned politician — Ed Wright, naturalista convertido en or vuelto político
b) ( be transformed)to turn into something — convertirse* en algo
water turns into steam — el agua se convierte or se transforma en vapor
to turn to something — (liter) convertirse* en algo
c) ( change) \<\<luck/weather/tide\>\> cambiard) ( change color) \<\<leaves\>\> cambiar de colore) ( go sour) \<\<milk\>\> agriarse5) ( when reading)turn to page 19 — abran el libro en la página 19, vayan a la página 19
6) (AmE Busn) \<\<merchandise\>\> venderse•Phrasal Verbs:- turn in- turn off- turn on- turn out- turn up[tɜːn]1. N1) (=rotation) vuelta f, revolución f; [of spiral] espira f•
he gave the handle a turn — dio vuelta a la palanca•
to give a screw another turn — apretar un tornillo una vuelta más2) (Aut) (in road) vuelta f, curva fto do a left turn — (Aut) doblar or girar a la izquierda
3) (Aut) (=turn-off) salida f4) (Naut) viraje m5) (Swimming) vuelta f6) (=change of direction)•
at every turn — (fig) a cada paso•
to be on the turn, the tide is on the turn — la marea está cambiandothe economy may at last be on the turn — puede que por fin la economía de un giro importante or cambie de signo
•
things took a new turn — las cosas tomaron otro cariz or aspectowhose turn is it? — ¿a quién le toca?
it's her turn next — le toca a ella después, ella es la primera en turno
•
turn and turn about — cada uno por turno, ahora esto y luego aquello•
by turns — por turnos, sucesivamente•
to give up one's turn — ceder la vez•
in turn — por turnos, sucesivamenteand they, in turn, said... — y ellos a su vez dijeron...
•
to miss one's turn — perder la vez or el turnoto speak out of turn — (fig) hablar fuera de lugar
•
to take one's turn — llegarle (a algn) su turnoto take turns at doing sth — alternar or turnarse para hacer algo
•
to wait one's turn — esperar (algn) su turno8) (=short walk) vuelta f9) (Med) (=fainting fit etc) vahído m, desmayo m; (=crisis) crisis f inv, ataque m10) * (=fright) susto mthe news gave me quite a turn — la noticia me asustó or dejó de piedra
11) (esp Brit) (Theat) número m, turno m12) (=deed)•
to do sb a bad turn — hacer una mala pasada a algn•
to do sb a good turn — hacerle un favor a algn13) (Culin)14) (=inclination)an odd turn of mind — una manera retorcida or (LAm) chueca de pensar
to be of or have a scientific turn of mind — ser más dado a las ciencias
15) (=expression)turn of phrase — forma f de hablar, giro m
2. VT1) (=rotate) [+ wheel, handle] girar, dar vueltas a; [+ screw] atornillar, destornillar•
you can turn it through 90° — se puede girarlo hasta 90 grados•
turn it to the left — dale una vuelta hacia la izquierda2) (also: turn over) [+ record, mattress, steak] dar la vuelta a, voltear (LAm); [+ page] pasar; [+ soil] revolver; [+ hay] volver al revés•
to turn a dress inside out — volver un vestido del revés- turn the page3) (=direct) dirigir, volver•
they turned him against us — le pusieron en contra nuestra•
to turn one's attention to sth — concentrar su atención en algo•
to turn one's eyes in sb's direction — volver la mirada hacia donde está algn•
to turn a gun on sb — apuntar una pistola a algn•
the fireman turned the hose on the building — el bombero dirigió la manguera hacia el edificio•
to turn the lights (down) low — poner la luz más baja•
to turn one's steps homeward — dirigirse a casa, volver los pasos hacia casa•
to turn one's thoughts to sth — concentrarse en algo- turn the other cheekto turn one's hand to sth —
- turn sb's head: earning all that money has turned his/her headalready in her first film she turned a few heads — ya en su primera película la gente se fijó en ella
- turn the tables4) (=pass) doblar, dar la vuelta ait's turned four o'clock — son las cuatro y pico or (esp LAm) las cuatro pasadas
- have turned the corner5) (=change)the heat turned the walls black — el calor volvió negras las paredes, el calor ennegreció las paredes
the shock turned her hair white — del susto, el pelo se le puso blanco
his goal turned the game — (Brit) su gol le dio un vuelco al partido
•
to turn sth into sth — convertir algo en algo•
she turned her dreams to reality — hizo sus sueños realidad, realizó sus sueños6) (=deflect) [+ blow] desviar7) (=shape) [+ wood, metal] tornearwell-turned8) (Culin)9)to turn a profit — (esp US) sacar un beneficio, tener ganancias
3. VI1) (=rotate) [wheel etc] girar, dar vueltas•
the object turned on a stand — el objeto giraba en un pedestal•
his stomach turned at the sight — al verlo se le revolvió el estómago, se le revolvieron las tripas al verlo *toss 3., 1)to turn in one's grave —
2) (=change direction) [person] dar la vuelta, voltearse (LAm); [tide] repuntarto turn and go back — volverse or dar la vuelta y regresar
right turn! — (Mil) derecha... ¡ar!
the game turned after half-time — (Brit) el partido dio un vuelco tras el descanso
•
to turn against sb — volverse contra algn•
to turn for home — volver hacia casa•
farmers are turning from cows to pigs — los granjeros cambian de vacas a cerdos•
then our luck turned — luego mejoramos de suerte•
to turn to sb/sth, he turned to me and smiled — se volvió hacia mí y sonrióour thoughts turn to those who... — pensamos ahora en los que...
he turned to drink — se dio a la bebida, le dio por el alcohol
•
I don't know which way to turn — (fig) no sé qué hacer•
I don't know where to turn for money — no sé en qué parte ir a buscar dinero•
the wind has turned — el viento ha cambiado de dirección3) (Aut) torcer, girar; (Aer, Naut) virarto turn left — (Aut) torcer or girar or doblar a la izquierda
•
the car turned into a lane — el coche se metió en una bocacalle•
to turn to port — (Naut) virar a babor4) (=change)•
to turn into sth — convertirse or transformarse en algothe princess turned into a toad — la princesa se transformó en sapo, la princesa quedó transformada en sapo
•
the leaves were turning — se estaban descolorando or dorando las hojas•
the milk has turned — la leche se ha cortado•
it turned to stone — se convirtió en piedrahis admiration turned to scorn — su admiración se tornó or se transformó en desprecio
•
to wait for the weather to turn — esperar a que cambie el tiempo5) (=become)•
the weather or it has turned cold — el tiempo se ha puesto frío, se ha echado el frío6) (=depend)•
everything turns on his decision — todo depende de su decisióneverything turns on whether... — todo depende de si...
4.CPDturn signal N — (US) (Aut) indicador m (de dirección)
- turn in- turn off- turn on- turn out- turn to- turn up* * *[tɜːrn, tɜːn]
I
1)a) ( rotation) vuelta fto a turn: the meat was done to a turn — la carne estaba hecha a la perfección, la carne estaba en su punto justo
b) ( change of direction) vuelta f, giro mno left turn — prohibido girar or doblar or torcer a la izquierda
take the next left/right turn — tome or (esp Esp) coja or (esp AmL) agarre la próxima a la izquierda/derecha
at every turn — a cada paso, a cada momento
d) (change, alteration)to take a turn for the better — empezar* a mejorar
to take a turn for the worse — empeorar, ponerse* peor
to be on the turn — \<\<events/tide\>\> estar* cambiando; \<\<leaves\>\> estar* cambiando de color; \<\<milk/food\>\> (BrE) estar* echándose a perder
2)a) ( place in sequence)whose turn is it? — ¿a quién le toca?
to take turns o to take it in turn(s) — turnarse
we'll take turns o we'll take it in turn(s) to do the cooking — nos vamos a turnar para cocinar, vamos a cocinar por turnos
b) (in phrases)in turn: each in turn was asked the same question a cada uno de ellos se le hizo la misma pregunta; out of turn: she realized she'd spoken out of turn — se dio cuenta de que su comentario (or interrupción etc) había estado fuera de lugar
3) ( service)to do somebody a good turn — hacerle* un favor a alguien
4) (form, style)she has a logical/practical turn of mind — es muy lógica/práctica
5)a) (bout of illness, disability)he had a funny turn — le dio un ataque (or un mareo etc)
b) ( nervous shock) susto m6) ( act) (esp BrE) número m
II
1.
1)a) ( rotate) \<\<knob/handle/wheel\>\> (hacer*) girarb) (set, regulate)to turn something to something: turn the knob to `hot' ponga el indicador en `caliente'; he turned the oven to a lower temperature — bajó la temperatura del horno
2)a) (change position, direction of) \<\<head\>\> volver*, voltear (AmL exc RPl)she turned her back on them — les volvió or les dio la espalda, les volteó la espalda (AmL exc RPl)
can you turn the TV this way a bit? — ¿puedes poner el televisor más para este lado?
b) (direct, apply)to turn something to something: I turned my mind to more pleasant thoughts me puse a pensar en cosas más agradables; the administration has turned its efforts to... la administración ha dirigido sus esfuerzos a...; they turned the situation to their own profit — utilizaron la situación para su propio provecho; advantage b)
3)a) ( reverse) \<\<mattress/omelette\>\> darle* la vuelta a, voltear (AmL exc CS), dar* vuelta (CS); \<\<page\>\> pasar, volver*, dar* vuelta (CS); \<\<soil\>\> remover*, voltear (AmL exc CS), dar* vuelta (CS)he turned the card face down — puso or volvió la carta boca abajo
b) ( upset)4)a) ( go around) \<\<corner\>\> dar* la vuelta a, dar* vuelta (CS)b) ( pass)5) ( send)I couldn't simply turn him from my door — no le podía negar ayuda, no le podía volver la espalda; loose I 2)
6)a) (change, transform) volver*to turn something to/into something — transformar or convertir* algo en algo
they've turned the place into a pigsty! — han puesto la casa (or la habitación etc) como una pocilga!
b) ( make sour) \<\<milk\>\> agriarc) ( confuse) \<\<mind\>\> trastornar7)a) ( shape - on lathe) tornear; (- on potter's wheel) hacer*b) ( formulate)a well-turned phrase — una frase elegante or pulida
8) ( make) \<\<profit\>\> sacar*
2.
vi1) ( rotate) \<\<handle/wheel\>\> girar, dar* vuelta(s)the outcome of the election turns on one crucial factor — el resultado de las elecciones depende de un factor decisivo
2)a) ( to face in different direction) \<\<person\>\> volverse*, darse* la vuelta, voltearse (AmL exc CS), darse* vuelta (CS); \<\<car\>\> dar* la vuelta, dar* vuelta (CS)she turned to me with a smile — me miró sonriéndome, se volvió hacia mí con una sonrisa
he turned onto his side — se volvió or se puso de lado
left/right turn! — (BrE Mil) media vuelta a la izquierda/derecha!
b) (change course, direction)the army then turned north — entonces el ejército cambió de rumbo, dirigiéndose al norte
to turn left/right — girar or doblar or torcer* a la izquierda/derecha
c) ( curve) \<\<road/river\>\> torcer*3)a) ( focus on)to turn to another subject — pasar a otro tema, cambiar de tema
b) (resort, have recourse to)to turn to violence/a friend — recurrir a la violencia/un amigo
to turn to drink — darse* a la bebida
to turn to somebody/something for something: she turned to her parents for support recurrió or acudió a sus padres en busca de apoyo; he turned to nature for inspiration — buscó inspiración en la naturaleza
4)a) ( become)Ed Wright, naturalist turned politician — Ed Wright, naturalista convertido en or vuelto político
b) ( be transformed)to turn into something — convertirse* en algo
water turns into steam — el agua se convierte or se transforma en vapor
to turn to something — (liter) convertirse* en algo
c) ( change) \<\<luck/weather/tide\>\> cambiard) ( change color) \<\<leaves\>\> cambiar de colore) ( go sour) \<\<milk\>\> agriarse5) ( when reading)turn to page 19 — abran el libro en la página 19, vayan a la página 19
6) (AmE Busn) \<\<merchandise\>\> venderse•Phrasal Verbs:- turn in- turn off- turn on- turn out- turn up -
98 crew
1. noun1) (of ship, aircraft, etc.) Besatzung, die; Crew, die; (excluding officers) Mannschaft, die; Crew, die; (Sport) Mannschaft, die; Crew, die2. intransitive verba motley crew — ein bunt zusammengewürfelter Haufen
die Mannschaft/Mitglied der Mannschaft sein3. transitive verbcrew a boat — Mitglied der Mannschaft/die Mannschaft eines Bootes sein
* * *I 1. [kru:] noun1) (the group of people who work or operate a ship, aeroplane, bus etc.) die Besatzung2) (used jokingly, a group of people: What an odd crew!) die Bande2. verb- academic.ru/115778/crewcut">crewcutII see crow* * *crew1[kru:]I. n + sing/pl vbambulance/lifeboat \crew Rettungsmannschaft fcamera/film \crew Kamera-/Filmteam ntground \crew Bodenpersonal ntthe \crew of a train das Zugpersonala motley \crew ein bunt zusammengewürfelter Haufen famII. vtto \crew a boat/plane zur Mannschaft eines Boot[e]s/Flugzeugs gehören▪ to \crew for sb zu jds Mannschaft gehörencrew2[kru:]* * *I [kruː]1. n1) Mannschaft f; (ALSO SPORT) Crew f; (including officers of ship also, of plane, tank) Besatzung f, Crew f2. vito crew for sb — bei jdm den Vorschotmann machen
3. vtyacht die Mannschaft or Crew sein von II (old) pret See: of crow* * *crew1 [kruː] s3. a) FLUG, SCHIFF Besatzung fb) SCHIFF engS. Mannschaft f (Ggs Offiziere)4. SPORTb) US umg (das) Rudern5. US Pfadfindergruppe f6. Belegschaft f, (Dienst)Personal n:crew of a train Zugpersonal7. (obs bewaffneter) Haufe, Schar f8. besonders pej Bande fcrew2 [kruː] prät von crow2* * *1. noun1) (of ship, aircraft, etc.) Besatzung, die; Crew, die; (excluding officers) Mannschaft, die; Crew, die; (Sport) Mannschaft, die; Crew, die2. intransitive verbdie Mannschaft/Mitglied der Mannschaft sein3. transitive verbcrew a boat — Mitglied der Mannschaft/die Mannschaft eines Bootes sein
* * *n.Crew -s f.Mannschaft f. -
99 job
1. n1) работа, занятие3) (the job) брит. полит. жарг. полицейская служба•to abolish smb's job — упразднять чью-л. должность
to be after smb's job — подсиживать кого-л.
to be under suspension from one's job — быть временно не допущенным к работе
to boycott one's job — не занимать свои рабочие места
to confirm smb in a job — утверждать кого-л. в какой-л. должности
to dismiss smb from his job — увольнять кого-л. с работы
to do a job — выполнять / делать работу
to give a job — предоставлять, давать работу
to go back to one's jobs — возвращаться на работу ( после забастовки)
to have an open-ended tenure in a job — иметь право занимать какую-л. должность без ограничения срока
to land a job — разг. получать работу
to nominate smb for the job — назначать кого-л. на данную должность
to walk off / out of a job — забастовать
- a lot of jobs are at staketo work within the bounds of one's job — действовать в пределах своих полномочий
- bad job
- black bag job
- blue-collar job
- bonus job
- corporate job
- creation of new jobs
- cuts in jobs
- dead-end job
- entry-level job
- extra job
- full-time job
- highly paid job
- holder of a job
- job for life
- loss of a job
- low-paid job
- managerial job
- odd job
- on the job
- one-man job
- out of a job
- overtime job
- painstaking job
- part-time job
- people without jobs
- permanent job
- piecework job
- plum job
- private-sector job
- productive job
- professional job
- public-works job
- put-up job
- restricted job
- risky job
- rush job
- short-run job
- steady job
- temporary job
- unrestricted job
- vacant job
- well-paid job
- white-collar job 2. v -
100 crew
I 1. kru: noun1) (the group of people who work or operate a ship, aeroplane, bus etc.) besetning, mannskap2) (used jokingly, a group of people: What an odd crew!) gjeng, skokk, bande2. verb(usually with for) to act as a crew member (for someone). gjøre tjeneste om bord- crewcutII see crowmannskapIsubst. \/kruː\/1) (i båt, fly eller tog) besetning, mannskap2) (arbeids)lag3) roerlag4) (hverdagslig, vanligvis nedlatende) gjeng, bande, skokkIIverb \/kruː\/preteritum av ➢ crow, 3IIIverb \/kruː\/1) bemanne2) arbeide (om bord)crewed by bemannet av\/med
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