obligatio

oblĭgātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.].

In gen.

A binding (post-class. and very rare):

propter linguae obligationem,

because of his being tongue-tied, Just. 13, 7, 1.—

Trop., an ensnaring, entangling:

innocentium,

Dig. 48, 10, 1:

declinantes in obligationes,

evil devices, Vulg. Psa. 124, 5:

in obligatione iniquitatis,

id. Act. 8, 23.—

In partic., jurid. t. t.

An engaging or piedging, an obligation:

est gravior et difficilior animi et sententiae pro aliquo quam pecuniae obligatio,

Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 18, 3:

obligationis onere praetoris auxilio non levabitur,

Dig. 3, 3, 67:

obligationes ex contractu aut re contrahuntur, aut verbis, aut consensu,

ib. 44, 7, 1, § 1.—

Transf., an obligatory relation between two persons, one of whom has a right and the other a duty (the right of the creditor and the duty of the debtor):

nunc transeamus ad obligationes: omnis enim obligatio vel ex contractu nascitur vel ex delicto,

Gai. Inst. 3, 88; cf.

sqq.: obligationum substantia in eo consistit, ut alium nobis obstringat ad dandum aliquid, vel faciendum, vel praestandum,

Dig. 44, 7, 3; 45, 1, 108:

ex maleficio nascuntur obligationes,

ib. 44, 7, 4:

obligatio et constituitur et solvitur,

ib. 46, 4, 8:

exstinguitur,

ib. 45, 1, 140:

submovetur,

ib. 2, 14, 27 et saep.—

The document which confirms this relation, a bond, obligation:

pignoris obligatio etiam inter absentes recte ex contractu obligatur,

Dig. 20, 1, 23; 48, 11, 28.

* * *

• Nobody has any obligation to the impossible. (Corpus Iuris Civilis)

spondĕo, spŏpondi, sponsum, 2 ( perf. spepondi, Cic., Caes., and Val. Antias ap. Gell. 7, 9, 12 sq.; Inscr. Orell. 4358;

without redup. sponderat,

Tert. Carm. adv. Mart. 3, 135; subj. sponsis = spoponderis, an ancient formula of prayer in Fest. p. 351 Müll.), v. a. [akin with spendô, to pour out, = libare; cf. spondai, league].

Jurid. and publicists' t. t.

In bargains, covenants, treaties, etc., to promise solemnly, to bind, engage, or pledge one's self (class.; syn.: recipio, stipulor, promitto; cf.: vadimonium obire, vadari); according to the civil law in its original form, it was essential to a binding contract verbally made (verbis) that a proposition and its acceptance should be expressed by the question spondes? and the answer spondeo; and only at a later period was the use of promitto, etc., valid (v. Sandars, Introd. ad Just. Inst. p. LV): verbis obligatio fit ex interrogatione et responsione, velut, Dari spondes? Spondeo. Dabis? Dabo. Promittis? Promitto;

sed haec quidem verborum obligatio: dari spondes? spondeo, propria civium Romanorum est, cetera vero juris gentium sunt,

Gai. Inst. 3, 91 sq.; Dig. 45, 1, 126; 45, 1, 133; cf.

the whole title,

ib. 45, 1: De verborum obligationibus: He. Aeternum tibi dapinabo victum, si vera autumas... Er. Sponden' tu istut? He. Spondeo, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 118: qui stulte spondet, Cato ap. Rufin. 18, p. 210:

quis stipulatus est? Ubi? Quo die? Quis spopondisse me dicit? Nemo,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 13:

ut aliquando spondere se diceret,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142:

si quis quod spopondit, quā in re verbo se obligavit uno, si id non facit, etc.,

id. Caecin. 3, 7:

faeneris, quod stipulanti spoponderam tibi, reliquam pensiunculam percipe,

Col. 10 praef.:

ego meā fide spondeo futurum ut omnia invenias, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 10.—

To promise for another, to become security for a person, to enter bail, etc.:

quod multis benigne fecerit, pro multis spoponderit,

has become security, Cic. Planc. 19, 47:

sed tamen scire velim quando dicar spopondisse et pro patre anne pro filio,

id. Att. 12, 14, 2:

quod pro Cornificio me abhinc annis XXV. spopondisse dicit Flavius,

id. ib. 12, 17:

et se quisque paratum ad spondendum Icilio ostendere,

Liv. 3, 46, 7:

sponsum diceres advocasse, Cic. Fragm. Clod. et Cur. 3, 4, p. 29 B. and K.: hic sponsum vocat,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 67:

sponsum descendam, quia promisi,

Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 2. —

Transf., of promises or pledges made in behalf of a government, etc.:

non foedere pax Caudina, sed per sponsionem facta est... Spoponderunt consules, legati, quaestores, tribuni militum,

Liv. 9, 5, 4:

quod spondendo pacem servassent exercitum,

id. 9, 8, 15:

quid tandem si spopondissemus urbem hanc relicturum populum Romanum?

id. 9, 9, 6:

ea demum sponsio esset, quam populi jussu spopondissemus,

id. 9, 9, 13:

hosti nihil spopondistis, civem neminem spondere pro vobis jussistis,

id. 9, 9, 16.—

Esp., to promise or engage in marriage, betroth: qui uxorem ducturus erat ab eo unde ducenda erat, stipulabatur eam in matrimonium ductam iri; [p. 1746] qui daturus erat itidem spondebat. Tum quae promissa erat sponsa appellabatur, qui spoponderat ducturum, sponsus, Sulp. Dot. ap. Gell. 4, 4, 2: Ly. Istac lege filiam tuam sponden' mihi uxorem dari? Ch. Spondeo. Ca. Et ego spondeo idem hoc, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 38 sq.; 2, 4, 172: Me. Etiam mihi despondes filiam? Eu. Illis legibus, Cum illā dote quam tibi dixi. Me. Sponden' ergo? Eu. Spondeo, id. Aul. 2, 2, 78: Ph. Spondesne, miles, mi hanc uxorem? Th. Spondeo. Ph. Et ego huic victum spondeo, id. Curc. 5, 2, 73 sq.: sponden tu ergo tuam gnatam uxorem mihi? Ch. Spondeo et mille auri Philippum dotis, id. Trin. 5, 2, 34.—Hence, of women, alicui sponsam esse, to be betrothed, engaged to a man:

si volt Demipho Dare quantum ab hac accipio, quae sponsa est mihi,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 52:

scis, sponsam mihi (esse)?

id. Eun. 5, 9 (8), 6; Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 101 sq.; 2, 4, 172; 2, 4, 174; id. Poen. 5, 3, 43.—

= sponsionem facere (v. sponsio, II.), to lay a judicial wager, to enter into an agreement to pay contingent on the truth or falsity of an assertion: si hoc ita est, qui spondet mille nummūm? P. Afric. ap. Gell. 6 (7), 11, 9.— So, absol.:

cum illi jacenti latera tunderentur, ut aliquando spondere se diceret,

should declare that he made the required wager, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (cf. sponsum, P. a. fin. infra); Dig. 11, 5, 3.—

In gen., to promise sacredly, to warrant, vow (class.).

With fut. inf.:

promitto, recipio, spondeo, C. Caesarem talem semper fore civem, qualis hodie sit,

Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51:

ut (eum) inimicissimum huic conjurationi futurum esse, promittam et spondeam,

id. Mur. 41, 90:

et ipse spondeo et omnes hoc tibi tui pro me recipient, te fructum esse capturum, etc.,

id. Fam. 13, 50, 2:

quis est qui spondeat eundum, si differtur bellum, animum postea fore,

Liv. 5, 5, 9:

quae si perpetua concordia sit, quis non spondere ausit, maximum hoc imperium brevi futurum esse?

id. 5, 3, 10:

spondebant animis id (bellum) P. Cornelium finiturum,

with full conviction, id. 28, 38, 9; cf. id. 3, 59, 3:

sponde affore reges,

Val. Fl. 3, 504.—

With inf. pres., to warrant, give assurance of an existing fact:

spondebo enim tibi, vel potius spondeo in meque recipio, eos esse M'. Curii mores,

Cic. Fam. 13, 17, 2.—

With acc. of thing (and often dat. pers.):

quibus cum consulem suum reliquissent, honores et praemia spopondistis,

Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 28: mihi sex menses sati' sunt vitae, septimum Orco spondeo, Poët. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 22: ea spondent, confirmant, quae, quidem mihi exploratiora essent, si remansissem, Cic Att. 11, 6, 3:

quod ego non modo de me tibi spondere possum, sed de te etiam mihi,

id. Fam. 15, 21, 1:

ac de infante (Tiberio) Scribonius mathematicus praeclara spopondit,

Suet. Tib. 14:

tantum sibi vel de viribus suis, vel de fortunā spondentes,

Just. 3, 4, 1; Amm. 24, 1, 8:

illius et dites monitis spondentibus Indi,

Val. Fl. 6, 117:

non si mihi Juppiter auctor Spondeat, hoc sperem Italiam contingere caelo,

Verg. A. 5, 18:

spondere fidem,

Ov. M. 10, 395:

officium Amori,

id. ib. 10, 418.—

Transf., of inanim. or abstract subjects (mostly poet. and post-Aug.):

nec quicquam placidum spondentia Martis Sidera presserunt,

Ov. Ib. 217:

quod prope diem futurum spondet et virtus et fortuna vestra,

Liv. 7, 30, 8:

eorum hominum erat, qui, quantum spes spopondisset, cuperent, ni, etc.,

id. 45, 19, 7:

magna de illo (Philippo) spes fuit propter ipsius ingenium, quod magnum spondebat virum,

Just. 7, 6, 1.— Hence, sponsus, a, um, P. a., promised, engaged, betrothed, affianced; substt,

sponsus, i, m., a betrothed man, a bridegroom: virgo Sponso superba, Titin. ap. Non. 305, 5:

accede ad sponsum audacter,

id. ib. 227, 15; Cic. Inv. 2, 26, 78:

sponsus regius,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 10.— Poet., of Penelope's suitors, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 28.—

spon-sa, ae, f., a betrothed woman, a bride:

scio equidem, sponsam tibi esse et filium ex sponsā tuā,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 12; Ter. And. 2, 1, 24:

flebilis sponsa,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 21 et saep.—Prov.: suam cuique sponsam, mihi meam, i. e. every one to his taste, Atil. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3.—

sponsum, i, n., a covenant, agreement, engagement: sponsum negare, to break or disown one's pledge, Hor. S. 1, 3, 95:

sponsus contra sponsum rogatus,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 107 Müll.—

Esp., a judicial wager (cf. sponsio, II.):

ex sponso egit,

Cic. Quint. 9, 32.

contractus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from contraho.

contractus, ūs, m. [contraho].

A drawing together:

acinorum,

a shrinking, wrinkling, Varr. R. R. 1, 68.—

Trop.

An entering upon or transacting of an affair: rei, * Quint. 4, 2, 49.—

Jurid. t. t. (not in Cic.), a contract, agreement: contractus ultro citroque obligatio est, quam Graeci sunallagma vocant, Dig. 50, 16, 19:

omnes contractus, ut emptio, venditio, locatio, conductio, societas, depositum, mutuum, et alii innumerabiles,

Just. Inst. 1, 2, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 88 sqq.: stipulationum sponsionumque, Serv. Sulp. ap. Gell. 4, 4, 2; Dig. 24, 3, 23 et saep.

ex-spīro ( expīro), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. and Caes.).

Act., to breathe out, to emit, to blow out, to exhale, give out: animam pulmonibus, Lucil. ap. Non. 38, 27:

animam medios in ignes,

Ov. M. 5, 106:

auras,

id. ib. 3, 121:

flumen sanguinis de pectore,

Lucr. 2, 354; cf.:

flammas pectore,

Verg. A. 1, 44:

odorem de corpore,

Lucr. 4, 124:

sonos per saxa (unda),

Sil. 9, 285:

colorem (uniones),

Plin. 9, 35, 56, § 115.—

Poet. transf.:

cadavera vermes,

i. e. send forth, produce, Lucr. 3, 720:

silva comas tollit fructumque exspirat in umbras,

i. e. spreads out into foliage, Stat. S. 5, 2, 70.—

Exspirare animam, to expire, die, Gell. 3, 15 init. —

To rush forth, come forth, be exhaled.

Lit.:

per fauces montis ut Aetnae Exspirent ignes,

Lucr. 6, 640:

ignis foras (with exire in auras),

id. 6, 886:

vis fera ventorum,

Ov. M. 15, 300:

halitus Averni,

Val. Fl. 4, 493:

unguenta,

evaporate, Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 20: vis, Lucil. ap. Non. 38, 30.—

Trop.:

irae pectoris exspirantes,

Cat. 64, 194.—

To breathe one's last, to expire.

Lit.:

ut per singulos artus exspiraret,

Sall. H. 1, 30 Dietsch.:

atram tundit humum exspirans,

Verg. A. 10, 731:

ubi perire jussus exspiravero,

Hor. Epod. 5, 91:

inter primam curationem exspiravit,

Liv. 2, 20, 9:

inter verbera et vincula,

id. 28, 19, 12:

extremus exspirantis hiatus,

Quint. 6, 2, 31; 9, 2, 73; Sen. Ep. 99, 27; Curt. 3, 5, 4; Suet. Tib. 21; id. Claud. 23; Val. Max. 4, 5, 6; Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 122.— Pass. impers.:

quoniam membranā cerebri incisā statim exspiretur,

Plin. 11, 37, 67, § 178:

exspiravit aper dentibus apri,

Juv. 15, 162.—

Trop., to expire, perish, come to an end, cease:

si ego morerer, mecum exspiratura res publica erat,

Liv. 28, 28, 11:

libertate jam exspirante,

Plin. Pan. 57, 4:

ne res publica exspiraret,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 18:

criminis causa exspirat,

becomes extinct, ceases, Dig. 48, 17, 1 fin.; 24, 3, 19:

prior obligatio,

ib. 45, 1, 58.

nascor, nātus, nasci (ante-class., and in poets of the class. period also gnatus, v. under P. a. B.; part. fut. nasciturus, Pall. Jun. 7, § 8; Vulg. Judic. 13, 8), 3, v. dep. [from gnascor, gnatus, root gen, whence gigno; cf. Gr. gennaô], to be born, to be begotten (of or by male or female).

Lit.; constr. with ex or de and abl., or with abl. alone; rarely with ab and abl.

With ex and abl. (esp. with name or other appellation of the mother):

cum ex utrāque (uxore) filius natus esset,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183:

cujus ex filiā natus est Sestius,

id. Fam. 13, 8, 1:

Servius Tullius ex serva Tarquiniensi natus,

id. Rep. 2, 21, 37:

ex hac feminā debuit nasci, qui, etc.,

Sen. ad Helv. 16, 6:

natam sibi ex Poppaeā filiam,

Tac. A. 15, 23 init.:

ex Thetide natus,

Quint. 3, 7, 11:

ex Urbiniā natus,

id. 7, 2, 5:

Alexandri filius natus ex Barsine,

Just. 13, 2, 7; cf.:

negantis (Domitii) quidquam ex se et Agrippinā nisi detestabile nasci potuisse,

Suet. Ner. 6:

quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf.:

convinces facile ex te esse natum, nam tui similis est probe,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 7:

ex militibus Romanis et Hispanis mulieribus natos se memorantes,

Liv. 43, 3, 2;

very rarely with a designation of the father, and only with pronouns: ex hoc Domitius nascitur,

Suet. Ner. 4 init.:

Neoptolemus ex quo nata est Olympias,

Just. 17, 3, 14:

ex quo nasci nepotes deceat,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 2:

illum ex me natum,

Val. Max. 5, 10 ext. 3; cf.:

quod tibi filiolus vel filia nascitur ex me,

Juv. 9, 83.—

With de and abl.:

de tigride natus,

Ov. M. 9, 612; cf.:

de stirpe dei nasci,

id. ib. 11, 312:

de pellice natus,

id. ib. 4, 422:

natus de muliere,

Vulg. Job, 14, 1; 15, 14. —

With abl. (so usually with proper names;

and with general designations of parents, family, etc.): quos omnes Erebo et Nocte natos ferunt,

Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44:

Hercules Jove natus,

id. ib. 3, 16, 42:

Nilo natus,

id. ib. 3, 16, 42:

nascetur Oedipus Lao,

id. Fat. 13, 30:

patre Marte,

id. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

Paulo,

id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

privignus Poppaeā natus,

Suet. Ner. 55:

Ascanius Creusā matre natus,

Liv. 1, 3, 2: Junia, Vell. 2, 127, 4:

amplissimā familiā nati adulescentes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 37, 1:

honestis parentibus,

Quint. 1, 11, 85; Sen. Contr. 7, 21, 1:

Mela quibus Gallio et Seneca parentibus natus,

Tac. A. 16, 17:

deus deo natus,

Liv. 1, 16, 3:

imperioso patre,

id. 7, 4, 5; 9, 1, 12: Assaraco natus Capus, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):

patre certo nasci,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:

Apolline natus,

Ov. M. 15, 639: natus deā, son of a goddess, i. e. Achilles, id. M. 12, 86; so,

natus deā,

of Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 582:

matre Musā natus,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45:

nascetur pulcrā Trojanus origine Caesar,

Verg. A. 1, 286.—

With ab and abl.:

generari et nasci a principibus,

Tac. H. 1, 16:

et qui nascentur ab illo,

Verg. G. 1, 434.—

In other constrr.:

post homines natos,

since men have lived, Cic. Phil. 11, 1, 1:

post genus hominum natum,

id. Balb. 10, 26:

in miseriam nascimur,

id. Tusc. 1, 5, 9:

aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,

with the feet foremost, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:

ad homines nascendos vim hujus numeri (septenarii) pertinere,

to the formation of man in the womb, Gell. 3, 10, 7:

homo nascitur ad laborem,

i. e. it is his nature to suffer it, Vulg. Job, 5, 7.—

Transf., to rise, take beginning, derive origin, spring forth, grow, be found: O fortunatam natam me consule Romam, Cic. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 24; and ap. Juv. 10, 122:

humi nascentia fraga,

Verg. E. 3, 92:

cum nata fuerint folia,

Vulg. Marc. 13, 28:

nascitur ibi plumbum album in mediterraneis regionibus,

is found, produced, Caes. B. G. 5, 12:

onyx nascitur circa Thebas Aegyptias,

Plin. 36, 8, 12, § 61:

ex palude nascitur amnis,

rises, id. 36, 26, 65, § 190:

nascere, praeque diem veniens age, Lucifer, almum,

rise, Verg. E. 8, 17:

unde nigerrimus Auster Nascitur,

id. G. 3, 278:

nascens luna,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 2; id. S. 2, 4, 30:

nascentia templa,

newly built, Mart. 6, 4, 3:

Circaeis nata forent an Lucrinum ad saxum... ostrea,

Juv. 4, 140.— To rise, be formed (of a hill):

ab eo flumine collis nascebatur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 18; cf.:

nascitur altera moles,

Sil. 3, 530. —

Trop.

To arise, spring forth, proceed from, be produced:

scribes ad me, ut mihi nascatur epistulae argumentum,

Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 2:

nulla tam detestabilis pestis est, quae non homini ab homine nascatur,

id. Off. 2, 5, 16:

fateor ea me studiose secutum ex quibus vera gloria nasci posset,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:

facinus natum a cupiditate,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82; id. Font. 16, 37:

visus ei dicitur draco... dicere quo illa loci nasceretur,

id. Div. 2, 66, 135:

strumae nascuntur maxime in cervice,

Cels. 5, 28, 7; 7, 12, 1 fin.; 7, 6, 4 fin.:

onychem in Arabiae tantum montibus nasci putavere,

Plin. 36, 7, 12, § 59:

frumenta nata sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63, § 147:

ex quo uno haec omnia nata et profecta esse concedit,

id. Quint. 28, 85; id. Agr 2, 33, 90:

profectio nata a timore defectionis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 43:

querelae verae nascuntur pectore ab imo,

Cat. 64, 198:

omnis obligatio vel ex contractu nascitur vel ex delicto,

Gai. Inst. 3, 88 sq. —With ut:

ex hoc nascitur ut,

hence it follows that, Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63; Sen. Ep. 74, 11.—

Esp., of the spiritual renewal of a religious experience, to be regenerated, born again (eccl. Lat.):

quod natum est ex spiritu, spiritus est,

Vulg. Johan. 3, 6:

nasci denuo,

id. ib. 3, 7:

natus ex Deo,

id. 1 Johan. 3, 9, etc.—Hence, P. a.

nascens, entis, arising, beginning, nascent, infant, immature:

ante Periclem et Thucydidem, qui non nascentibus Athenis, sed jam adultis fuerunt, littera nulla est, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 7, 27:

eloquentiam pueris induunt adhuc nascentibus,

Petr. 4:

(vitulus) vexat nascenti robora cornu,

Juv. 12, 9.—

Subst.: nascentia, ĭum, n., organic bodies, esp. plants, Vitr. 5, 1, 3; 5, 8, 1.—

nātus, a, um, P. a., born; hence,

Subst.: nātus ( gnātus), i, m., a son; and nāta ( gnāta), ae, f. (dat. and abl. pl. natabus, where ambiguity is to be avoided, Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P.; Inscr. Orell. 7421; Phocas, p. 1707 P.; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 29), a daughter; in plur.: nati (gnati), children, offspring:

caritas, quae est inter natos et parentes,

Cic. Lael. 8, 27:

bellum prope inter parentes natosque,

Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 5, 40, 3:

cum pecore et gnatis,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 115:

et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,

Verg. A. 7, 518: mihi ausculta, nate, pueros jube cremarier, Enn. [p. 1188] ap. Non. 246, 11 (Trag. v. 329 Vahl.); Hor. S. 1, 3, 43:

natam conlocare alicui,

Plaut. Aul. Arg. 1, 15: o gnata, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 46 Vahl.):

si quis gnatam pro mutā devovet agnā,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 219; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 199: Hectoris natum de muro jactarier, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll. (Trag. v. 130 Vahl.); so, Nerei natae, id. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P. (Trag. v. 135 Vahl.):

maxima natarum Priami,

Verg. A. 1, 654; Ov. M. 13, 661.—Esp. in the phrase natus nemo, not a human being, nobody (Plautine for nemo mortalis):

tamquam si natus nemo in aedibus habitet,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 55 Lorenz ad loc.; id. ib. 2, 2, 20:

nato nemini,

id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Ps. 1, 3, 63.—

Adj.

Natus alicui rei or ad aliquam rem, born, made, destined, designed, intended, produced by nature for any thing.

With dat. (class.):

me credo huic esse natum rei, ferundis miseriis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6:

non sibi se soli natum meminerit, sed patriae, sed suis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45:

natus huic imperio,

id. Cael. 24, 59:

gurges atque helluo natus abdomini suo, non laudi atque gloriae,

id. Pis. 17, 41:

Judaei et Syri, nationes natae servituti,

id. Prov. Cons. 5, 10. —

With ad (class.):

vir ad omnia summa natus,

Cic. Brut. 68, 239:

natus ad haec tempora,

id. Phil. 12, 4, 9:

ad dicendum natus aptusque,

id. de Or. 1, 22, 99:

ad haudem et ad decus nati, suscepti, instituti sumus,

id. Fin. 5, 22, 63:

ad hoc unum natus,

id. Or. 28, 99:

ut ad cursum equus, ad arandum bos, ad indagandum canis, sic homo ad intellegendum et agendum natus est,

id. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

natus ad sacra Cithaeron,

Ov. M. 2, 223:

canor mulcendas natus ad aures,

id. ib. 5, 561.—

With inf. ( poet.):

quid meruere boves, animal... natum tolerare labores,

Ov. M. 15, 120: sentes tantummodo laedere natae, id. de Nuce, 113.—

With in and acc. ( poet.):

nati in usum laetitiae scyphi,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 1; Ov. M. 14, 99; 15, 117.—

With propter (rare):

apros, animal propter convivia natum,

Juv. 1, 141.—

Formed or constituted by nature in any manner:

alius ager bene natus, alius male,

Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 1:

sarmenta male nata,

Col. 4, 24, 7:

ita natus locus est,

Liv. 9, 2:

inculti versūs et male nati,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 233.—

Pro re natā, or (ante- and post-class.) e re natā, under the present circumstances, according to the state of affairs, as matters are:

ut in his pro re natā non incommode possint esse,

Cic. Att. 7, 14, 3:

Antonii colloquium cum heroibus nostris pro re natā non incommodum,

id. ib. 14, 6, 1;

7, 8, 2: e re natā melius fieri haud potuit, quam factum est,

Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8; App. M. 4, p. 143, 38.—

With a specification of time, so old, of the age of, etc.:

eques Romanus annos prope XC. natus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:

annos natus unum et viginti,

id. de Or. 3, 20, 74:

cum annos ad quinquaginta natus esset,

id. Clu. 40, 110:

cum quinque et viginti natus annos dominatum occupavisset,

id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57:

Cato annos quinque et octoginta natus excessit e vitā,

id. Brut. 20, 80; in inscr. ANNORVM NATVS, etc., Inscr. Mon. Scip. n. 7;

Inscr. Marini Atti, p. 564.— Sometimes, in order to specify the age more exactly, major or minor, without or with quam, is added: annos nata est sedecim non major,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 23:

minor quinque et viginti annis natus,

Nep. Han. 3, 2:

minor triginta annis natus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:

homo annos natus major quadraginta,

over forty years old, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 49:

Dionysius major annos sexaginta natus decessit,

Nep. Reg. 2, 3:

cum liberis majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,

Liv. 45, 32, 3:

minorem quam annos sex, majorem quam annos decem natam, negarunt capi fas esse,

Gell. 1, 12, 1.—For major, minor, sometimes with plus, minus (ante-class.):

plus triginta annis natus sim,

Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 1:

annos sexaginta natus es aut plus,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11; cf.:

non amplius novem annos natus,

Nep. Han. 2, 3.— Act. collat. form: nasco, ĕre, to be born, etc.:

ubi germen nascere coeperit,

Cato, R. R. 151 fin.

hŏnōrārĭus, a, um, adj. [honor], of or relating to honor, done for the sake of conferring honor, honorary.

In gen.

Adj. (class.): cum essem in provincia legatus, quamplures ad praetores et consules vinum honorarium dabant: numquam accepi, ne privatus quidem, Cato ap. Isid. Orig. 20, 3:

frumentum,

Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

tumulus,

i. e. a cenotaph, Suet. Claud. 1: arbiter, i. e. one chosen out of respect by the parties themselves (opp. to one chosen by the judge), Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 120; id. Fat. 17, 39; cf.

arbitria (opp. judicia legitima),

id. Rosc. Com. 5, 15: opera (opp. severitas judicis), id. Caecin. 2, 6:

tutor,

Dig. 23, 2, 61; 26, 7, 3: VACCA, i. e. an honorary offering (opp. to a sin-offering), Inscr. ap. Marin. Fratr. Arv. 32; 36;

41: ludi,

i. e. given by the magistrates to the people, Suet. Aug. 32; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 102 Müll.:

munus,

a post of honor, Gell. 16, 13, 6:

codicilli,

honorary letters-palent, Cod. Theod. 6, 22; Cod. Just. 3, 24, 3:

docere debitum est, delectare honorarium, permovere necessarium,

is done out of respect for the audience, voluntarily, Cic. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:

curatores honorarii, qui a praetore constituuntur,

Ulp. Fragm. 12, 1; cf. § 3.—

Subst.: hŏnōrārĭum, ĭi, n. (sc. donum), a present made on being admitted to a post of honor, a douceur, fee, honorary (post-class.): decurionatus, Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 114:

carae cognationis,

Tert. Idol. 10; Dig. 11, 6, 1:

in honorariis advocatorum ita versari judex debet, ut pro modo litis, etc.,

ib. 50, 13, 1; 26, 7, 8 al.—

In partic., in jurid. Lat., of or belonging to the prœtorian law, or law of custom (opp. to laws strictly defined by statutes):

(jus) honorarium dicitur, quod ab honore praetoris venerat,

Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 10; so,

actio,

ib. 30, 1, 28:

obligatio,

ib. 20, 1, 5:

successor,

ib. 46, 4, 13 fin. et saep.

instrūmentum, i, n. [id.], an implement of any kind, a utensil, tool, instrument (class.).

Lit.:

militare,

Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

culinarum argentea,

Just. 38, 10, 4:

crudelia jussae instrumenta necis,

Ov. M. 3, 698.—

Esp., sing. collect., instruments, apparatus, material, stock, furniture (freq. and class.):

instrumentum ac ornamenta villae,

Cic. Dom. 24, 62:

orationes magna impensā magnoque instrumento tueri,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 53:

belli instrumentum et apparatus,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3: rusticum, Phaedr. 4, 4, 24; Val. Max. 4, 4, 6:

hostium spolia, monumenta imperatorum, decora atque ornamenta fanorum, in instrumento atque in supellectile Verris nominabuntur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 97; cf. Pall. 1, 43, 1:

hibernorum,

Caes. B. C. 5, 31:

bellicum,

Liv. 42, 53, 4:

nauticum,

id. 30, 10, 3:

venatorium,

Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 3:

piscationis,

Paul. Sent. 3, 6, 41.—Esp., in law, the personalty, chattels, or stock of a farm, business, trade, etc.:

fundo legato, neque instrumentum fundi... ad legatarium pertinet,

Paul. Sent. 3, 6, 34:

instrumento cauponio legato, ea debentur, quae in cauponis usum parata sunt, velut vasa,

id. ib. 3, 6, 61:

pistoris,

id. ib. §

64: medici,

Dig. 33, 7, 18, § 10; cf.:

in fanis alia vasorum sunt et sacrae supellectilis, alia ornamentorum, quae vasorum sunt instrumenti instar habent, quibus sacrificia conficiuntur,

apparatus, Macr. S. 3, 11, 5. —

Trop.

Of writings, an instrument, document, record:

opus est intueri omne litis instrumentum,

Quint. 12, 8, 12:

aerearum tabularum tria milia... instrumentum imperii pulcherrimum ac vetustissimum,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

publici instrumenti auctoritas,

id. Calig. 8:

emtionis,

Dig. 24, 1, 58:

si scriptum fuerit instrumento, promisisse aliquem,

Paul. Sent. 5, 7, 2:

instrumentorum obligatio desideratur,

id. ib. 2, 17, 13. —

Store, provision, supply, means, assistance, furtherance, etc.:

oratoris,

provision, supply, Cic. de Or. 1, 36, 165:

causarum,

id. ib. 2, 34, 146.— Absol.:

quid viatici, quid instrumenti satis sit,

i. e. for a journey, Cic. Att. 12, 32, 2:

instrumenta ad obtinendam sapientiam,

means, id. Leg. 1, 22, 59:

virtutis,

id. Cat. 2, 5, 9:

naturae,

id. Brut. 77, 268:

graviorum artium,

id. ib. 97:

dicendi,

Quint. 12, 11, 24:

ciborum,

i. e. organs of digestion, Plin. 7, 50, 51, § 168.—

Ornament, embellishment:

felices ornent haec instrumenta libellos,

Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 9:

anilia,

apparel, dress, id. M. 14, 766; Suet. Aug. 73.

interrŏgātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a questioning, inquiry, examination, interrogation (class.).

In gen.:

sententia per interrogationem,

Quint. 8, 5, 5:

instare interrogatione,

id. 6, 3, 38:

testium,

Tac. A. 6, 47:

insidiosa,

Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 7:

litteris inclusae,

Dig. 48, 3, 6, § 1.— Absol., Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 7; Quint. 5, 7, 3:

verbis obligatio fit ex interrogatione et responsione,

Gai. Inst. 2, 92. —

In partic.

As rhet. fig., Quint. 9, 2, 15; 9, 3, 98.—

A syllogism:

recte genus hoc interrogationis ignavum ac iners nominatum est,

Cic. Fat. 13; Sen. Ep. 87 med.

mando, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [manusdo], to commit to one's charge, to enjoin, commission, order, command (syn.: praecipio, edico); constr. alicui aliquid, with ut, ne, the simple subj., or with inf. (class.).

Lit.

Alicui aliquid:

tibi de nostris rebus nihil sum mandaturus per litteras,

Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1:

praeterea typos tibi mando,

id. Att. 1, 10, 3:

si quid velis, huic mandes,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 7:

L. Clodio mandasse, quae illum mecum loqui velles,

Cic. Fam. 3, 4, 1:

alicui mandare laqueum,

to bid go and be hanged, Juv. 10, 57.—With ellipsis of dat.:

tamquam hoc senatus mandasset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 39, § 84:

excusationem,

Suet. Oth. 6:

haec ego numquam mandavi,

Juv. 14, 225.—

With ut or ne:

Voluseno mandat, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 4, 21:

mandat ut exploratores in Suebos mittant,

id. ib. 6, 10, 3:

Caesar per litteras Trebonio magnopere mandaverat, ne, etc.,

id. B. C. 2, 13.—

With simple subj.:

huic mandat, Remos reliquosque Belgas adeat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 11.—

With object-clause:

mandavit Tigranen Armeniā exturbare,

Tac. A. 15, 2:

non aliter cineres mando jacere meos,

Mart. 1, 88, 10.—

Impers. pass.:

fecerunt ut eis mandatum fuerat,

Vulg. Gen. 45, 21.—

Transf.

In gen., to commit, consign, enjoin, confide, commend, intrust any thing to a person or thing:

ego tibi meas res mando,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 54:

bona nostra haec tibi permitto et tuae mando fidei,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 61:

ludibrio habeor... ab illo, quoi me mandavisti, meo viro,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 32:

(adulescens) qui tuae mandatus est fide et fiduciae,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 80; 91; 99:

aliquem alicui alendum,

Verg. A. 3, 49:

alicui magistratum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 59:

honores,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 37, § 81:

filiam viro,

to give in marriage, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 32:

aliquem aeternis tenebris vinculisque,

Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 10:

se fugae,

to betake one's self to flight, Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

fugae et solitudini vitam suam,

Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

semen terrae,

i. e. to sow, Col. 1, 7, 6:

hordea sulcis,

Verg. E. 5, 36:

corpus humo,

to bury, id. A. 9, 214:

aliquid memoriae,

Cic. Quint. 6, 24:

litteris,

to commit to writing, id. de Or. 2, 12, 52:

scriptis actiones nostras,

id. Off. 2, 1, 3:

historiae,

id. Div. 2, 32, 69:

monumentis,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 2:

fruges conditas vetustati,

to keep for a long time, to suffer to grow old, id. N. D. 2, 60, 151:

Alcibiadem interficiendum insidiis mandare,

Just. 5, 2, 5.— Absol.:

Claudio mandante ac volente (opp. invito),

Vop. Aur. 16, 2.—

To charge a person to announce something, to send word to a person or place only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

mandare ad Pisonem, noli, etc.,

Suet. Calig. 25:

mandabat in urbem, nullum proelio finem exspectarent,

sent word, Tac. A. 14, 38:

ferre ad nuptam quae mittit adulter, quae mandat,

Juv. 3, 46:

senatui mandavit, bellum se ei illaturum,

Eutr. 5, 5:

consulantes, si quid ad uxores suas mandarent,

Flor. 3, 3, 6.—P. a. as subst.: mandā-tum, i, n., a charge, order, commission, injunction, command.

In gen.:

ut mandatum scias me procurasse,

have performed the commission, Cic. Att. 5, 7, 3:

hoc mandatum accepi a Patre,

Vulg. Joh. 10, 18.—More freq. in plur.:

omnibus ei de rebus, quas agi a me voles, mandata des, velim,

Cic. Fam. 3, 1, 2:

dare mandata alicui in aliquem,

id. ib. 3, 11, 5:

dare alicui mandata, ut, etc.,

id. Phil. 6, 3, 6:

accipere ab aliquo,

id. ib. 8, 8, 23:

persequi,

to perform, execute, fulfil, id. Q. Fr. 2, 14, 2:

audire,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

alicujus exhaurire,

id. Att. 5, 1, 5:

exponere in senatu,

id. de Or. 2, 12, 49:

exsequi,

id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; Sall. J. 35, 5:

facere,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 64; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 72:

perficere,

Liv. 1, 56:

efficere,

Sall. J. 58:

facere,

Curt. 7, 9, 17:

deferre,

to deliver, Cic. Att. 7, 14, 1:

perferre,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 18:

neglegere,

to neglect, not perform, Ov. H. 16, 303:

fallere,

id. M. 6, 696:

haec mandata,

Liv. 21, 54, 4: legatis occulta mandata data sint, ut, Just. 34, 1, 5.— Poet., with inf.:

producetque virum, dabit et mandata reverti,

and enjoin him to return, Ov. H. 13, 143.—

Esp. as legal term.

A commission constituting a mutual obligation; hence, in gen., a contract:

mandatum constitit, sive nostra gratia mandamus, sive alienā: id est, sive ut mea negotia geras, sive ut alterius mandem tibi, erit mandati obligatio, et invicem alter alteri tenebimur,

Gai. Inst. 3, 155 sqq.:

itaque mandati constitutum est judicium non minus turpe, quam furti,

i. e. for breach of contract, Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 111:

actio mandati,

an action for the non-performance of a contract, Dig. 17, 1, 8, § 3.—

An imperial command, mandate, Plin. Ep. 10, 110, 1; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 111:

principum,

Front. Aquaed. 3.—Esp. of the secret orders of the emperors:

(Galba) mandata Neronis de nece sua deprenderat,

Suet. Galb. 9; id. Tib. 52:

occulta mandata,

Tac. A. 2, 43:

fingere scelesta mandata,

id. ib. 2, 71; 3, 16; id. H. 4, 49.—

In eccl. lang., the law or commandment of God:

mandatum hoc, quod ego praecipio tibi hodie, non supra te est,

Vulg. Deut. 30, 11:

nec custodisti mandata,

id. 1 Reg. 13, 13:

maximum et primum mandatum,

id. Matt. 22, 38.

mando, di, sum (in the dep. form mandor, acc. to Prisc. p. 799 P.), 3, v. a. [akin to madeo, properly to moisten; hence], to chew, masticate (syn. manduco).

Lit. (class.):

animalia alia sugunt, alia carpunt, alia vorant, alia mandunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 122:

asini lentissime mandunt,

Plin. 17, 9, 6, § 54; Col. 6, 2, 14.— Poet.:

(equi) fulvum mandunt sub dentibus aurum,

i. e. champ, Verg. A. 7, 279:

tristia vulnera saevo dente,

i. e. to eat the flesh of slaughtered animals, Ov. M. 15, 92.—In part. perf.: mansum ex ore daturum, Lucil. ap. Non. 140, 14; Varr. ib. 12:

omnia minima mansa in os inserere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 39, 162:

ut cibos mansos ac prope liquefactos demittimus,

Quint. 10, 1, 19.—

Transf., in gen., to eat, devour (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose): quom socios nostros mandisset impiu' Cyclops, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 817 P.; Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 683 P. (Ann. v. 141 Vahl.):

apros,

Plin. 8, 51, 78, § 210:

Diomedes immanibus equis mandendos solitus objectare advenas,

to throw to them for food, Mel. 2, 2.— Poet.: mandere humum (like mordere humum), to bite the ground, said of those who fall in battle, Verg. A. 11, 669; so,

compressa aequora,

Val. Fl. 3, 106: corpora Graiorum maerebat mandier igni, to be consumed, Matius in Varr. L. L. 6, § 95 Müll.

mando, ōnis, m. [2. mando], a glutton, gormandizer: mandonum gulae, Lucil. ap. Non. 17, 16; cf. manduco.

mentĭor, ītus, 4 ( fut. mentibitur, for mentietur, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 35; 2, 2, 99; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 448), v. dep. n. and a. [prob. from root men-, whence mens, memini, q. v. Original meaning, to invent; hence],

Neutr., to lie, cheat, deceive, etc.:

mentiri palam,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 89:

mentire,

id. Poen. 3, 5, 18:

adversus aliquem,

id. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

apud aliquem,

id. Poen. 1, 1, 24:

sibi,

id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

mihi,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 46; Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 35:

aperte,

Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 18:

in re aliquā,

id. Att. 12, 21, 4:

de re aliquā,

id. N. D. 3, 6, 14:

adeo veritatis diligens, ut ne joco quidem mentiretur,

Nep. Epam. 3, 1.—With acc. and inf., to pretend, to declare falsely:

certam me sum mentitus habere Horam, quae, etc.,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 53; Plin. 12, 15, 34, § 67: mentior nisi or si mentior, a form of asseveration, I am a liar, if, etc.:

mentior, nisi et quae alunt illud, corpora sunt,

Sen. Ep. 106, 5:

si mentiar, inquit, Ultima, quā fallam, sit Venus illa mihi,

Ov. F. 4, 227.—Of things, to deceive, impose upon: frons, oculi, vultus persaepe mentiuntur, oratio vero saepissime, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6:

in quibus nihil umquam... vetustas mentita sit,

id. N. D. 2, 5, 15.—

To deceive one's self, mistake:

mentire, gnate,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 83 Brix ad loc.—

Act., to lie or speak falsely about, to assert falsely, make a false promise about; to feign, counterfeit, imitate a shape, nature, etc.:

cujus consilio tantam rem mentitus esset,

had devised such a falsehood, Sall. C. 48:

originem alicujus,

Just. 35, 2, 4:

auspicium,

Liv. 10, 40:

titulum Lyciscae,

to assume falsely, Juv. 6, 123:

noctem,

to promise falsely, Prop. 3, 9, 1:

cur sese daemonia mentiuntur,

Tert. Apol. 23; also, to invent, feign, of a poetical fiction:

ita mentitur (sc. Homerus),

Hor. A. P. 151; cf.:

poëtae Orionem mentiuntur in pelago incidentem,

Lact. 4, 15, 21.— Pass.:

si a debitore, praelato die, pignoris obligatio mentiatur,

Dig. 48, 10, 28.—

Trop., of inanim. subjects: semel fac illud, Mentitur tua quod subinde tussis, do what your cough keeps falsely promising, i. e. die, Mart. 5, 39, 6:

mentiris juvenem tinctis capillis,

id. 3, 43, 1:

color, qui chrysocollam mentitur,

Plin. 35, 6, 29, § 48:

nec varios discet mentiri lana colores,

Verg. E. 4, 42: sexum viris denegatum muliebri motu, Col. praef. 1.—Hence, *

mentĭens, entis, m. subst., a fallacy, sophism: quomodo mentientem, quem pseudomenon vocant, dissolvas, Cic. Div. 2, 4, 11. —

mentītus, a, um, Part., in pass. signif., imitated, counterfeit, feigned ( poet.):

mentita tela,

Verg. A. 2, 422:

figurae,

Ov. M. 5, 326:

fama,

id. ib. 10, 28:

nomen,

id. ib. 10, 439; id. H. 11, 73; Sen. Contr. 5, 5, 3; Luc. 2, 512; Val. Fl. 6, 698; 7, 155; Sil. 15, 796; Stat. S. 4, 6, 21; id. Th. 1, 256; 7, 303; 10, 875; Poët. ap. Suet. Oth. 3; Prop. 4 (5), 7, 58:

mentiti fictique terrores,

Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 15; id. Pan. 81, 3:

divinitas,

Lact. 2, 16, 2; Quint. 12, 10, 76.

nascor, nātus, nasci (ante-class., and in poets of the class. period also gnatus, v. under P. a. B.; part. fut. nasciturus, Pall. Jun. 7, § 8; Vulg. Judic. 13, 8), 3, v. dep. [from gnascor, gnatus, root gen, whence gigno; cf. Gr. gennaô], to be born, to be begotten (of or by male or female).

Lit.; constr. with ex or de and abl., or with abl. alone; rarely with ab and abl.

With ex and abl. (esp. with name or other appellation of the mother):

cum ex utrāque (uxore) filius natus esset,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183:

cujus ex filiā natus est Sestius,

id. Fam. 13, 8, 1:

Servius Tullius ex serva Tarquiniensi natus,

id. Rep. 2, 21, 37:

ex hac feminā debuit nasci, qui, etc.,

Sen. ad Helv. 16, 6:

natam sibi ex Poppaeā filiam,

Tac. A. 15, 23 init.:

ex Thetide natus,

Quint. 3, 7, 11:

ex Urbiniā natus,

id. 7, 2, 5:

Alexandri filius natus ex Barsine,

Just. 13, 2, 7; cf.:

negantis (Domitii) quidquam ex se et Agrippinā nisi detestabile nasci potuisse,

Suet. Ner. 6:

quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf.:

convinces facile ex te esse natum, nam tui similis est probe,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 7:

ex militibus Romanis et Hispanis mulieribus natos se memorantes,

Liv. 43, 3, 2;

very rarely with a designation of the father, and only with pronouns: ex hoc Domitius nascitur,

Suet. Ner. 4 init.:

Neoptolemus ex quo nata est Olympias,

Just. 17, 3, 14:

ex quo nasci nepotes deceat,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 2:

illum ex me natum,

Val. Max. 5, 10 ext. 3; cf.:

quod tibi filiolus vel filia nascitur ex me,

Juv. 9, 83.—

With de and abl.:

de tigride natus,

Ov. M. 9, 612; cf.:

de stirpe dei nasci,

id. ib. 11, 312:

de pellice natus,

id. ib. 4, 422:

natus de muliere,

Vulg. Job, 14, 1; 15, 14. —

With abl. (so usually with proper names;

and with general designations of parents, family, etc.): quos omnes Erebo et Nocte natos ferunt,

Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44:

Hercules Jove natus,

id. ib. 3, 16, 42:

Nilo natus,

id. ib. 3, 16, 42:

nascetur Oedipus Lao,

id. Fat. 13, 30:

patre Marte,

id. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

Paulo,

id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

privignus Poppaeā natus,

Suet. Ner. 55:

Ascanius Creusā matre natus,

Liv. 1, 3, 2: Junia, Vell. 2, 127, 4:

amplissimā familiā nati adulescentes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 37, 1:

honestis parentibus,

Quint. 1, 11, 85; Sen. Contr. 7, 21, 1:

Mela quibus Gallio et Seneca parentibus natus,

Tac. A. 16, 17:

deus deo natus,

Liv. 1, 16, 3:

imperioso patre,

id. 7, 4, 5; 9, 1, 12: Assaraco natus Capus, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):

patre certo nasci,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:

Apolline natus,

Ov. M. 15, 639: natus deā, son of a goddess, i. e. Achilles, id. M. 12, 86; so,

natus deā,

of Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 582:

matre Musā natus,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45:

nascetur pulcrā Trojanus origine Caesar,

Verg. A. 1, 286.—

With ab and abl.:

generari et nasci a principibus,

Tac. H. 1, 16:

et qui nascentur ab illo,

Verg. G. 1, 434.—

In other constrr.:

post homines natos,

since men have lived, Cic. Phil. 11, 1, 1:

post genus hominum natum,

id. Balb. 10, 26:

in miseriam nascimur,

id. Tusc. 1, 5, 9:

aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,

with the feet foremost, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:

ad homines nascendos vim hujus numeri (septenarii) pertinere,

to the formation of man in the womb, Gell. 3, 10, 7:

homo nascitur ad laborem,

i. e. it is his nature to suffer it, Vulg. Job, 5, 7.—

Transf., to rise, take beginning, derive origin, spring forth, grow, be found: O fortunatam natam me consule Romam, Cic. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 24; and ap. Juv. 10, 122:

humi nascentia fraga,

Verg. E. 3, 92:

cum nata fuerint folia,

Vulg. Marc. 13, 28:

nascitur ibi plumbum album in mediterraneis regionibus,

is found, produced, Caes. B. G. 5, 12:

onyx nascitur circa Thebas Aegyptias,

Plin. 36, 8, 12, § 61:

ex palude nascitur amnis,

rises, id. 36, 26, 65, § 190:

nascere, praeque diem veniens age, Lucifer, almum,

rise, Verg. E. 8, 17:

unde nigerrimus Auster Nascitur,

id. G. 3, 278:

nascens luna,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 2; id. S. 2, 4, 30:

nascentia templa,

newly built, Mart. 6, 4, 3:

Circaeis nata forent an Lucrinum ad saxum... ostrea,

Juv. 4, 140.— To rise, be formed (of a hill):

ab eo flumine collis nascebatur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 18; cf.:

nascitur altera moles,

Sil. 3, 530. —

Trop.

To arise, spring forth, proceed from, be produced:

scribes ad me, ut mihi nascatur epistulae argumentum,

Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 2:

nulla tam detestabilis pestis est, quae non homini ab homine nascatur,

id. Off. 2, 5, 16:

fateor ea me studiose secutum ex quibus vera gloria nasci posset,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:

facinus natum a cupiditate,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82; id. Font. 16, 37:

visus ei dicitur draco... dicere quo illa loci nasceretur,

id. Div. 2, 66, 135:

strumae nascuntur maxime in cervice,

Cels. 5, 28, 7; 7, 12, 1 fin.; 7, 6, 4 fin.:

onychem in Arabiae tantum montibus nasci putavere,

Plin. 36, 7, 12, § 59:

frumenta nata sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63, § 147:

ex quo uno haec omnia nata et profecta esse concedit,

id. Quint. 28, 85; id. Agr 2, 33, 90:

profectio nata a timore defectionis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 43:

querelae verae nascuntur pectore ab imo,

Cat. 64, 198:

omnis obligatio vel ex contractu nascitur vel ex delicto,

Gai. Inst. 3, 88 sq. —With ut:

ex hoc nascitur ut,

hence it follows that, Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63; Sen. Ep. 74, 11.—

Esp., of the spiritual renewal of a religious experience, to be regenerated, born again (eccl. Lat.):

quod natum est ex spiritu, spiritus est,

Vulg. Johan. 3, 6:

nasci denuo,

id. ib. 3, 7:

natus ex Deo,

id. 1 Johan. 3, 9, etc.—Hence, P. a.

nascens, entis, arising, beginning, nascent, infant, immature:

ante Periclem et Thucydidem, qui non nascentibus Athenis, sed jam adultis fuerunt, littera nulla est, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 7, 27:

eloquentiam pueris induunt adhuc nascentibus,

Petr. 4:

(vitulus) vexat nascenti robora cornu,

Juv. 12, 9.—

Subst.: nascentia, ĭum, n., organic bodies, esp. plants, Vitr. 5, 1, 3; 5, 8, 1.—

nātus, a, um, P. a., born; hence,

Subst.: nātus ( gnātus), i, m., a son; and nāta ( gnāta), ae, f. (dat. and abl. pl. natabus, where ambiguity is to be avoided, Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P.; Inscr. Orell. 7421; Phocas, p. 1707 P.; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 29), a daughter; in plur.: nati (gnati), children, offspring:

caritas, quae est inter natos et parentes,

Cic. Lael. 8, 27:

bellum prope inter parentes natosque,

Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 5, 40, 3:

cum pecore et gnatis,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 115:

et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,

Verg. A. 7, 518: mihi ausculta, nate, pueros jube cremarier, Enn. [p. 1188] ap. Non. 246, 11 (Trag. v. 329 Vahl.); Hor. S. 1, 3, 43:

natam conlocare alicui,

Plaut. Aul. Arg. 1, 15: o gnata, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 46 Vahl.):

si quis gnatam pro mutā devovet agnā,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 219; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 199: Hectoris natum de muro jactarier, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll. (Trag. v. 130 Vahl.); so, Nerei natae, id. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P. (Trag. v. 135 Vahl.):

maxima natarum Priami,

Verg. A. 1, 654; Ov. M. 13, 661.—Esp. in the phrase natus nemo, not a human being, nobody (Plautine for nemo mortalis):

tamquam si natus nemo in aedibus habitet,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 55 Lorenz ad loc.; id. ib. 2, 2, 20:

nato nemini,

id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Ps. 1, 3, 63.—

Adj.

Natus alicui rei or ad aliquam rem, born, made, destined, designed, intended, produced by nature for any thing.

With dat. (class.):

me credo huic esse natum rei, ferundis miseriis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6:

non sibi se soli natum meminerit, sed patriae, sed suis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45:

natus huic imperio,

id. Cael. 24, 59:

gurges atque helluo natus abdomini suo, non laudi atque gloriae,

id. Pis. 17, 41:

Judaei et Syri, nationes natae servituti,

id. Prov. Cons. 5, 10. —

With ad (class.):

vir ad omnia summa natus,

Cic. Brut. 68, 239:

natus ad haec tempora,

id. Phil. 12, 4, 9:

ad dicendum natus aptusque,

id. de Or. 1, 22, 99:

ad haudem et ad decus nati, suscepti, instituti sumus,

id. Fin. 5, 22, 63:

ad hoc unum natus,

id. Or. 28, 99:

ut ad cursum equus, ad arandum bos, ad indagandum canis, sic homo ad intellegendum et agendum natus est,

id. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

natus ad sacra Cithaeron,

Ov. M. 2, 223:

canor mulcendas natus ad aures,

id. ib. 5, 561.—

With inf. ( poet.):

quid meruere boves, animal... natum tolerare labores,

Ov. M. 15, 120: sentes tantummodo laedere natae, id. de Nuce, 113.—

With in and acc. ( poet.):

nati in usum laetitiae scyphi,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 1; Ov. M. 14, 99; 15, 117.—

With propter (rare):

apros, animal propter convivia natum,

Juv. 1, 141.—

Formed or constituted by nature in any manner:

alius ager bene natus, alius male,

Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 1:

sarmenta male nata,

Col. 4, 24, 7:

ita natus locus est,

Liv. 9, 2:

inculti versūs et male nati,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 233.—

Pro re natā, or (ante- and post-class.) e re natā, under the present circumstances, according to the state of affairs, as matters are:

ut in his pro re natā non incommode possint esse,

Cic. Att. 7, 14, 3:

Antonii colloquium cum heroibus nostris pro re natā non incommodum,

id. ib. 14, 6, 1;

7, 8, 2: e re natā melius fieri haud potuit, quam factum est,

Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8; App. M. 4, p. 143, 38.—

With a specification of time, so old, of the age of, etc.:

eques Romanus annos prope XC. natus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:

annos natus unum et viginti,

id. de Or. 3, 20, 74:

cum annos ad quinquaginta natus esset,

id. Clu. 40, 110:

cum quinque et viginti natus annos dominatum occupavisset,

id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57:

Cato annos quinque et octoginta natus excessit e vitā,

id. Brut. 20, 80; in inscr. ANNORVM NATVS, etc., Inscr. Mon. Scip. n. 7;

Inscr. Marini Atti, p. 564.— Sometimes, in order to specify the age more exactly, major or minor, without or with quam, is added: annos nata est sedecim non major,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 23:

minor quinque et viginti annis natus,

Nep. Han. 3, 2:

minor triginta annis natus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:

homo annos natus major quadraginta,

over forty years old, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 49:

Dionysius major annos sexaginta natus decessit,

Nep. Reg. 2, 3:

cum liberis majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,

Liv. 45, 32, 3:

minorem quam annos sex, majorem quam annos decem natam, negarunt capi fas esse,

Gell. 1, 12, 1.—For major, minor, sometimes with plus, minus (ante-class.):

plus triginta annis natus sim,

Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 1:

annos sexaginta natus es aut plus,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11; cf.:

non amplius novem annos natus,

Nep. Han. 2, 3.— Act. collat. form: nasco, ĕre, to be born, etc.:

ubi germen nascere coeperit,

Cato, R. R. 151 fin.

ob-lĭgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

Lit.

To bind or tie around, to bind or fasten to any thing (very rare):

obligatus corio,

bound in a leathern sack, Auct. Her. 1, 13, 23:

articulis muscus obligatus,

bound upon, Plin. 26, 11, 66, § 105: cibum ovis, to bind or unite with eggs, Apic. 4, 2:

amylo spisso obligare,

id. 2, 2; 8, 2.—

To bind together, bind up (rare):

pecua ad hanc collo in crumena ego obligata defero,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 1, 64: age obliga, obsigna cito, tie up (the letter, in order to seal it), id. Bacch. 4, 4, 96:

manipulos,

Col. 11, 2, 40.—

To bind up, bandage, swathe (class., esp. of wounds):

crus fractum,

Plaut. Men. 5, 3, 9:

vulnus,

Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57; cf.:

medicum requirens, a quo obligetur,

to bind up his wounds, id. Tusc. 2, 16, 38; Suet. Vit. 2:

venas,

to bandage the veins, Tac. A. 6, 9:

surculum libro,

Varr. R. R. 1, 41, 2:

oculos,

Sen. Ira, 3, 11, 4:

ore obligato obsignatoque simulacrum,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 65.—

Trop.

In gen., to bind, oblige, put under an obligation, make liable, etc. (cf.:

obstringo, devincio): aliquem obligare militiae secundo sacramento,

bind by a second oath, swear in again, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36:

vadem tribus milibus aeris,

to bind in the sum of, Liv. 3, 13:

voti sponsio, quā obligamur deo,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 41; Liv. 9, 11:

se nexu,

Cic. Mur. 2, 3: se in acta cujusquam, Tib. ap. Suet. Tib. 67:

se chirographo ad aliquid,

Dig. 30, 103:

aliquem sibi liberalitate,

to bind to one's self, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 14, 3:

obligabis me,

will oblige me, lay me under an obligation, Plin. Ep. 4, 4, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5:

obligari foedere,

Liv. 38, 33: pro amicis alicui obligari, to lay one's self under obligation, i. e. to solicit favors, Plin. Ep. 10, 3, 1:

obligor ipse tamen,

Ov. M. 9, 248:

obligatus ei nihil eram,

was under no obligation to him, Cic. Fam. 6, 11, 1:

me obligatum tibi fore,

id. Att. 13, 18:

obligati sunt interrogatum,

Amm. 28, 4, 10.— Poet.:

Prometheus obligatus aliti,

devoted, condemned to, Hor. Epod. 17, 67:

ergo obligatam redde Jovi dapem,

vowed, due, id. C. 2, 7, 17:

obligor, ut tangam laevi fera litora Ponti,

am compelled, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 83.—

In partic.

To render liable through guilt, to make guilly:

cum populum Romanum scelere obligāsses,

Cic. Dom. 8, 20:

votis caput,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 5:

se scelere,

Suet. Caes. 42: se furti, Scaev. ap. Gell. 7, 15, 2.— Pass., to be guilty of, to commit an offence:

est enim periculum, ne aut neglectis iis impiā fraude, aut susceptis anili superstitione obligemur,

Cic. Div. 1, 4, 7; cf.:

lege Corneliā testamentariā obligatur,

offends against, Dig. 8, 10, 30.—

Jurid. t. t.

To bind, engage one (cf. obligatio, II. B.):

obligandi, solvendi sui causā,

Dig. 2, 13, 6, § 3:

se obligare,

ib. 4, 2, 7, § 1; 21, 1, 25, § 9.—

To pledge, pawn, mortgage a thing:

magistratui bona ejus obligantur,

Vitr. 10 praef.:

omnia praedia fratri,

Suet. Vesp. 4:

omnia bona sua pignori,

Dig. 20, 4, 21:

nam fundi et aedis obligatae sunt ob amoris praedium,

has a mortgage on it, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 4:

aedes pignori,

Dig. 39, 2, 44:

obligata praedia,

Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 9.—

Transf., beyond the jurid. sphere:

obligare fidem suam,

to pledge one's word, Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51.—

To impede, restrain, embarrass: judicio districtum atque obligatum esse, Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 24.—Hence, oblĭ-gātus, a, um, P. a., bound, obliged:

iisdem (officiis) me tibi obligatum fore,

Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2.— Comp.:

quanto quis melior et probior, tanto mihi obligatior abit,

Plin. Ep. 8, 2, 8:

ipsi obligati sunt,

ensnared, embarrassed, Vulg. Psa. 19, 9.

păcisco, ĕre, 3, v. n. and a. [collat. form of dep. paciscor, q. v.], to agree, contract, bargain, covenant (class. only in perf. part. pass.): id quoque paciscunt, Naev. ap. Non. 474, 17:

paciscit, obsides ut reddant,

id. ib. 18.—Hence, pactus, a, um, in pass. signif., agreed upon, settled, determined, covenanted, stipulated (class.).

In gen.:

pactum pretium,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

pacta praemia,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 2:

dies,

id. Cat. 1, 9, 24:

merces,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 22:

foedus,

Cic. Sest. 14, 33:

cum hoste pactae induciae,

id. Off. 1, 10, 33.—In the abl. absol.:

quidam pacto inter se ut victorem res sequeretur, ferro decreverunt,

by agreement, Liv. 28, 21, 5; Sil. 14, 97.—

In partic., betrothed:

haec tibi pacta'st Callicli filia,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 59:

cujus filio pacta est Artavasdis filia,

Cic. Att. 5, 21, 2:

alii pacta puella,

Tac. A. 1, 55:

Turnus, cui pacta Lavinia fuerat,

Liv. 1, 2:

conjux,

Verg. A. 10, 722.—Hence, as subst.

pacta, ae, f., a betrothed woman:

gremiis abducere pactas,

Verg. A. 10, 79:

pacta ejus, Menelai filia,

Vell. 1, 1, 3; Juv. 6, 200.—

pactus, i, m., a betrothed husband, a man engaged or promised in marriage:

proles Amissum didicere patrem, Marpissaque pactum,

Stat. Th. 3, 172.—

pactum, i, n., an agreement, covenant, contract, stipulation, compact, pact (cf.:

conventio, pactio, obligatio): pactum est, quod inter aliquos convenit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 68; cf. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

pacta et promissa semperne servanda sint,

Cic. Off. 3, 24, 92:

mansit in condicione atque pacto,

id. Verr. 1, 6, 16:

pacti et conventi formula,

id. Caecin. 18, 51; cf.:

ex pacto et convento,

id. Att. 6, 3, 1:

pacta conventaque,

Sen. Ben. 3, 15, 1:

stare pacto,

Liv. 9, 11:

pactum violans,

Vulg. Mal. 2, 10 et saep.—Hence (eccl. Lat.), the covenant of God:

dereliquerunt pactum Domini,

Vulg. Deut. 29, 25; id. 3 Reg. 11, 11; id. 2 Par. 6, 14.— Poet.:

sacrum,

i. e. a marriagecontract, Val. Fl. 8, 401; cf. Juv. 6, 25.—

Transf., in gen., abl. pacto (like ratione and modo), manner, way, means (class.):

percontat Aeneas, quo pacto Troiam urbem liquerit,

Naev. Bell. Pun. 2, 1:

si non fecero ei male aliquo pacto,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 27; id. Am. prol. 137:

nescio quo pacto semper hoc fit,

how, Cic. Mur. 21, 43; id. Quint. 17:

non tacebo umquam alio pacto, nisi, etc.,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 46:

aliquo pacto verba his dabo,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 13:

quoquo pacto tacito est opus,

id. Ad. 3, 2, 44: si nullo alio pacto, id. Phorm. 2, 1, 71:

alio pacto docere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 21, 30:

fieri nullo pacto potest, ut, etc.,

id. Fin. 1, 8, 27; Ter. And. 1, 5, 12:

servi mei si me isto pacto metuerent,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 10; 1, 8, 13:

hoc pacto,

Verg. G. 2, 248.

princĭpālis, e, adj. [princeps].

In gen., first, original, primitive (class.):

causae,

Cic. Fat. 5, 9:

est igitur tropus sermo a naturali et principali significatione translatus ad aliam,

Quint. 9, 1, 4:

verba,

Gell. 11, 15, 5.—

In partic.

In rank, first in rank, station, or esteem, chief, principal:

viri,

App. Flor. p. 363, 38.—Of things abstr. and concr.:

pici principales in auguriis,

Plin. 10, 18, 20, § 41:

principalia in Arabiā tus, et myrrha,

id. 12, 13, 30, § 51:

principalia aquatilium,

id. 31, 6, 38, § 72:

causarum aliae sunt perfectae et principales, aliae adjuvantes et proximae,

Cic. Fat. 18, 41:

quaestio,

Quint. 4, 4, 1:

post haec duo principalia subjungebat illa non minus intuenda,

after these two principal points, Col. 1, 3, 3:

principali studio (i. e. praecipuo),

Gell. 13, 10, 1:

principalia verba,

primitive, id. 11, 15, 5:

de culturā agri praecipere, principale fuit et apud exteros,

a principal thing, Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22:

principalis obligatio, res (opp. accessio),

Gai. Inst. 3, 126.— Comp.:

principalior,

Tert. Anim. 43: principaliora quaeque, id. cont. Marc. 4, 36.—As subst.: princĭpālis, is, m.

The foremost, overseer, superintendent:

officiorum, i. e. of attendants,

Cod. Just. 9, 51, 1.—

The chief magistrate of a municipality, Symm. Ep. 9, 1; Dig. 48, 19, 27; Isid. Orig. 9, 4:

principalis aut decurio,

Cod. Just. 10, 31, 33; 10, 34, 2, § 1.—

An inferior officer, Dig. 49, 16, 13.—

Of or belonging to a prince or ruler, princely, imperial, the emperor's (post-Aug.):

principalis quies,

Vell. 2, 56, 3:

fastigium,

id. 1, 11, 6:

opera,

id. 2, 124, 3:

curae,

Plin. Pan. 79:

copiae,

id. ib. 82:

apparatus arrogantiae principalis,

id. ib. 76:

beneficia,

id. ib. 36:

matrimonium,

Tac. H. 1, 22:

commentarii,

id. ib. 4, 40:

fortuna,

id. ib. 2, 81:

scortum,

id. ib. 1, 13:

majestas,

Suet. Claud. 17:

res,

id. Calig. 39:

bonum,

Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22: vox, Just. Inst. prooem. 3.—

Of or belonging to the principes, i. e. to the second line in the order of battle (post-class.), Cod. Th. 12, 1, 151; Veg. Mil. 2, 15, 1.—

Of or belonging to the principium in a camp: principalis castrorum porta nominatur, quod in eo loco est, in quo principes ordines tendunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 224 Müll.:

manipulos legionum principali viā inducit,

Liv. 10, 33:

porta principalis dextra,

id. 4, 19; cf. id. 40, 27. — Adv.: princĭpālĭter.

In gen., chiefly, principally (post-class.):

plurimae bestiae, sed principaliter leones,

Sol. 27:

negotium gerere,

Dig. 3, 2, 4.—

In partic., like a prince, imperially (post-Aug.):

gaudere,

Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 36:

mores juventutis quam principaliter formas!

Plin. Pan. 47:

institutae leges,

Arn. 1, 2, 2: non principaliter, incidentally, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 12, 7, 5.

rĕlĭgĭo (in poetry also rellĭgĭo, to lengthen the first syllable), ōnis, f. [Concerning the etymology of this word, various opinions were prevalent among the ancients. Cicero (N. D. 2, 28, 72) derives it from relĕgere, an etymology favored by the verse cited ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1, religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas; whereas Servius (ad Verg. A. 8, 349), Lactantius (4, 28), Augustine (Retract. 1, 13), al., assume religare as the primitive, and for this derivation Lactantius cites the expression of Lucretius (1, 931; 4, 7): religionum nodis animos exsolvere. Modern etymologists mostly agree with this latter view, assuming as root lig, to bind, whence also lic-tor, lex, and ligare; hence, religio sometimes means the same as obligatio; v. Corss. Aussprache, 1, 444 sq.; cf. Munro ad Lucr. 1, 109.]

Reverence for God ( the gods), the fear of God, connected with a careful pondering of divine things; piety, religion, both pure inward piety and that which is manifested in religious rites and ceremonies;

hence the rites and ceremonies, as well as the entire system of religion and worship, the res divinae or sacrae, were frequently called religio or religiones (cf. our use of the word religion): qui omnia, quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, ut elegantes ex elegendo, tamquam a diligendo diligentes, ex intellegendo intellegentes: his enim in verbis omnibus inest vis legendi eadem, quae in religioso,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72:

religione id est cultu deorum,

id. ib. 2, 3, 8:

religio est, quae superioris cujusdam naturae (quam divinam vocant) curam caerimoniamque affert,

id. Inv. 2, 53, 161:

(Pompilius) animos ardentes consuetudine et cupiditate bellandi religionum caeremoniis mitigavit, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 14, 26;

with which cf.: illa diuturna pax Numae mater huic urbi juris et religionis fuit,

id. ib. 5, 2, 3:

de auguriis, responsis, religione denique omni,

Quint. 12, 2, 21:

unde enim pietas? aut a quibus religio?

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2; cf. id. Leg. 2, 11, 26:

aliquem a pietate, religione deducere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12:

horum sententiae omnium non modo superstitionem tollunt, in quā inest timor inanis deorum, sed etiam religionem, quae deorum cultu pio continetur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 42, 117:

quis enim istas (Democriti) imagines... aut cultu aut religione dignas judicare?

id. ib. 1, 43, 121; cf.:

cum animus cultum deorum et puram religionem susceperit,

id. Leg. 1, 23, 60:

sacra Cereris summa majores nostri religione confici caerimoniaque voluerunt,

id. Balb. 24, 55; cf. id. Leg. 2, 22, 55:

in quibus erant omnia, quae sceleri propiora sunt quam religioni,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

nec vero superstitione tollenda religio tollitur,

id. Div. 2, 72, 148; cf. id. Part. 23, 31:

medemini religioni sociorum, judices, conservate vestram. Neque enim haec externa vobis est religio (sc. Cereris) neque aliena, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 114:

istorum religio sacrorum,

id. Fl. 28, 69; id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 8, §

18: religio deorum immortalium,

id. Lael. 25, 96; cf.:

per deos immortales! eos ipsos, de quorum religione jam diu dicimus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:

religio divum,

Lucr. 6, 1276:

mira quaedam totā Siciliā privatim ac publice religio est Cereris Hennensis... quantam esse religionem convenit eorum, apud quos eam (Cererem) natam esse constat?... tanta erit enim auctoritas illius religionis, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

99: qui (Mercurius) apud eos summā religione coleretur,

id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 84; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 85;

2, 4, 44, § 96: (simulacrum Dianae) translatum Carthaginem locum tantum hominesque mutarat: religionem quidem pristinam conservabat,

id. ib. 2, 4, 33, § 72; cf.

, of the same,

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, §

78: fanum Junonis tantā religione semper fuit, ut... semper inviolatum sanctumque fuit,

enjoyed such honor, was held in such reverence, id. ib. 2, 4, 46, § 103;

2, 4, 58, § 129: hac (panacea) evulsā scrobem repleri vario genere frugum religio est,

is a religious custom, Plin. 25, 4, 11, § 30; cf.:

et obrui tales religio est,

id. 30, 5, 14, § 42:

hi (barbari) ignari totius negotii ac religionis,

of religious belief, of religion, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf.:

venit mihi fani, loci, religionis illius in mentem,

id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §

110: de religione queri,

id. ib. 2, 4, 51, § 113.—In late and eccl. Lat., a religious ordinance, ceremony, rite:

quae est ista religio?

Vulg. Exod. 12, 26:

ista est religio victimae,

id. Num. 19, 2.—In plur.:

expertes religionum omnium,

Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 119:

qui in bello religionum et consuetudinis jura continent,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; cf.:

a quibus (rebus) etiam oculos cohibere te religionum jura cogebant,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: religiones expiare,

id. Mil. 27, 73:

ceterae (nationes) pro religionibus suis bella suscipiunt, istae contra omnium religiones,

id. Font. 9, 30: Druides religiones interpretantur, religious matters, religion, Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

scientia morum ac religionum ejus rei publicae,

Quint. 12, 3, 1:

civitas religionibus dedita,

Plin. Pan. 74, 5:

liberum a religionibus matutinum,

Col. 6, 2, 3.

Transf.

Subject., conscientiousness, scrupulousness arising from religion, religious scruples, scruples of conscience, religious awe, etc. (cf. sanctimonia):

refrenatus religione,

Lucr. 5, 1114:

oppressa gravi sub religione vita,

id. 1, 64:

sese cum summā religione, tum summo metu legum et judiciorum teneri,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75; cf.:

ut eam non metus, non religio contineret,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: memini perturbari exercitum nostrum religione et metu, quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

id. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

tantā religione obstricta tota provincia est, tanta superstitio ex istius facto mentes omnium Siculorum occupavit, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 113; cf.:

obstrinxisti religione populum Romanum,

id. Phil. 2, 33, 83:

recitatis litteris oblata religio Cornuto est, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

ad oblatam aliquam religionem,

id. Agr. 1, 2, 5:

non recordabantur, quam parvulae saepe causae vel falsae suspicionis vel terroris repentini vel objectae religionis magna detrimenta intulissent,

Caes. B. C. 3, 72:

obicere religionem,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 40; cf.:

inicere religionem alicui,

Cic. Caecin. 33, 97:

vide ne quid Catulus attulerit religionis,

id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:

Gracchus cum rem illam in religionem populo venisse sentiret, ad senatum retulit,

id. N. D. 2, 4, 10:

nec eam rem habuit religioni,

id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

ut quae religio C. Mario non fuerat, quo minus C. Glauciam praetorem occideret, eā nos religione in privato P. Lentulo puniendo liberaremur,

id. Cat. 3, 6, 15:

tunc quoque, ne confestim bellum indiceretur, religio obstitit,

Liv. 4, 30:

cum ibi quoque religio obstaret, ne, etc... augures consulti eam religionem eximere,

id. 4, 31:

cum plenā religione civitas esset,

id. 7, 28; 21, 62:

nihil esse mihi, religio'st dicere,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; cf.:

ut velut numine aliquo defensa castra oppugnare iterum, religio fuerit,

Liv. 2, 62; 6, 27:

rivos deducere nulla Religio vetuit (with fas et jura sinunt),

Verg. G. 1, 270:

nulla mihi Religio est,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 71:

nullā religione, ut scelus tegat, posse constrin gi,

Curt. 6, 7, 7:

quosdam religio ceperit ulterius quicquam eo die conandi,

Liv. 28, 15; cf.:

movendi inde thesauros incussa erat religio,

id. 29, 18:

religio fuit, denegare nolui,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 71.—In plur.: non demunt animis curas ac religiones Persarum montes, Varr. ap. Non. 379, 11:

artis Religionum animum nodis exsolvere,

Lucr. 1, 932; 4, 7:

religionibus atque minis obsistere vatum,

id. 1, 109:

plerique novas sibi ex loco religiones fingunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

natio est omnis Gallorum admodum dedita religionibus,

id. ib. 6, 16:

religionibus impediri,

id. ib. 5, 6; Auct. B. Alex. 74; Phaedr. 4, 10, 4:

plenis religionum animis, prodigia insuper nunciata,

Liv. 41, 16:

nullus locus non religionum deorumque est plenus,

id. 5, 52, 2:

pontifices flaminesque neglegentiores publicarum religionum esse,

id. 5, 52, 5.—

Meton. ( effect. pro causā), a religious offence, giving rise to scruples of conscience:

ut si profectus non esset, nullā tamen mendacii religione obstrictus videretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11:

liberaret religione templum,

Liv. 45, 5:

se domumque religione exsolvere,

id. 5, 23.—In plur.:

inexpiabiles religiones in rem publicam inducere,

Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13.—

In partic.: religio jurisjurandi, or absol., scrupulousness in the fulfilment of an oath, the obligation of an oath, plighted faith:

religione jurisjurandi ac metu deorum in testimoniis dicendis commoveri,

Cic. Font. 9, 20; so,

jurisjurandi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 3, 28; cf.:

nec Achaeos religione obstringerent,

Liv. 39, 37; Just. 1, 9, 18; 18, 6, 11. — Absol., Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

nocturna proelia esse vitanda, quod perterritus miles in civili dissensione timori magis quam religioni consulere consuerit,

id. ib. 1, 67:

religionem servare,

Nep. Ages. 2, 5.—

In gen., a strict scrupulousness, anxiety, punctiliousness, conscientiousness, exactness, etc.: Atheniensium semper fuit prudens sincerumque judicium, nihil ut possent nisi incorruptum audire et elegans. Eorum religioni cum serviret orator, nullum verbum insolens, [p. 1557] nullum odiosum ponere audebat, Cic. Or. 8, 25; cf. id. ib. 11, 36; id. Brut. 82, 283:

fide et religione vitae defendi,

id. Deiot. 6, 16; cf.:

propter fidem et religionem judicis,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 45; and:

testimoniorum religionem et fidem,

id. Fl. 4, 9:

homo sine ullā religione ac fide,

Nep. Chabr. 8, 2:

sin est in me ratio rei publicae, religio privati officii, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 3, 10; so,

officii,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:

religio in consilio dando,

id. Fam. 11, 29, 1:

alicujus facta ad antiquae religionis rationem exquirere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10; so,

antiqua,

id. Caecin. 10, 28:

nefas est religionem decipi judicantis,

Amm. 30, 4, 10.—In plur.:

judicum religiones,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 31.—

Object.

Abstr., the holiness, sacredness, sanctity inhering in any religious object (a deity, temple, utensils, etc.; cf.

sanctitas): quae (fortissimorum civium mentes) mihi videntur ex hominum vitā ad deorum religionem et sanctimoniam demigrasse,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 30:

propter singularem ejus fani religionem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 96:

in sacerdotibus tanta offusa oculis animoque religio,

Liv. 2, 40, 3; so,

fani,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 110; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

sacrarii,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5:

templorum,

Tac. H. 1, 40:

signi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127:

jam tum religio pavidos terrebat agrestes Dira loci,

Verg. A. 8, 349.—

Concr., an object of religious veneration, a sacred place or thing:

uno tempore Agrigentini beneficium Africani (sc. signum Apollinis), religionem domesticam, ornamentum urbis, etc.... requirebant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93; cf.:

religionem restituere,

id. ib. 2, 4, 36, §

80: sacrorum omnium et religionum hostis praedoque,

id. ib.; cf.:

praedo religionum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 43, §

95: quem tibi deum tantis eorum religionibus violatis auxilio futurum putas?

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; cf.:

est sceleris, quod religiones maximas violavit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 41, § 88.— Poet.:

quae religio aut quae machina belli, of the Trojan horse,

Verg. A. 2, 151.—

A system of religious belief, a religion (late Lat.):

Christiana,

Christianity, Eutr. 10, 16 fin.; Leo M. Serm. 66, 2 init.:

Christianam religionem absolutam et simplicem anili superstitione confundens,

Amm. 21, 16, 18; Lact. 5, 2, 8.

rĕlĭgĭo (in poetry also rellĭgĭo, to lengthen the first syllable), ōnis, f. [Concerning the etymology of this word, various opinions were prevalent among the ancients. Cicero (N. D. 2, 28, 72) derives it from relĕgere, an etymology favored by the verse cited ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1, religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas; whereas Servius (ad Verg. A. 8, 349), Lactantius (4, 28), Augustine (Retract. 1, 13), al., assume religare as the primitive, and for this derivation Lactantius cites the expression of Lucretius (1, 931; 4, 7): religionum nodis animos exsolvere. Modern etymologists mostly agree with this latter view, assuming as root lig, to bind, whence also lic-tor, lex, and ligare; hence, religio sometimes means the same as obligatio; v. Corss. Aussprache, 1, 444 sq.; cf. Munro ad Lucr. 1, 109.]

Reverence for God ( the gods), the fear of God, connected with a careful pondering of divine things; piety, religion, both pure inward piety and that which is manifested in religious rites and ceremonies;

hence the rites and ceremonies, as well as the entire system of religion and worship, the res divinae or sacrae, were frequently called religio or religiones (cf. our use of the word religion): qui omnia, quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, ut elegantes ex elegendo, tamquam a diligendo diligentes, ex intellegendo intellegentes: his enim in verbis omnibus inest vis legendi eadem, quae in religioso,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72:

religione id est cultu deorum,

id. ib. 2, 3, 8:

religio est, quae superioris cujusdam naturae (quam divinam vocant) curam caerimoniamque affert,

id. Inv. 2, 53, 161:

(Pompilius) animos ardentes consuetudine et cupiditate bellandi religionum caeremoniis mitigavit, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 14, 26;

with which cf.: illa diuturna pax Numae mater huic urbi juris et religionis fuit,

id. ib. 5, 2, 3:

de auguriis, responsis, religione denique omni,

Quint. 12, 2, 21:

unde enim pietas? aut a quibus religio?

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2; cf. id. Leg. 2, 11, 26:

aliquem a pietate, religione deducere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12:

horum sententiae omnium non modo superstitionem tollunt, in quā inest timor inanis deorum, sed etiam religionem, quae deorum cultu pio continetur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 42, 117:

quis enim istas (Democriti) imagines... aut cultu aut religione dignas judicare?

id. ib. 1, 43, 121; cf.:

cum animus cultum deorum et puram religionem susceperit,

id. Leg. 1, 23, 60:

sacra Cereris summa majores nostri religione confici caerimoniaque voluerunt,

id. Balb. 24, 55; cf. id. Leg. 2, 22, 55:

in quibus erant omnia, quae sceleri propiora sunt quam religioni,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

nec vero superstitione tollenda religio tollitur,

id. Div. 2, 72, 148; cf. id. Part. 23, 31:

medemini religioni sociorum, judices, conservate vestram. Neque enim haec externa vobis est religio (sc. Cereris) neque aliena, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 114:

istorum religio sacrorum,

id. Fl. 28, 69; id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 8, §

18: religio deorum immortalium,

id. Lael. 25, 96; cf.:

per deos immortales! eos ipsos, de quorum religione jam diu dicimus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:

religio divum,

Lucr. 6, 1276:

mira quaedam totā Siciliā privatim ac publice religio est Cereris Hennensis... quantam esse religionem convenit eorum, apud quos eam (Cererem) natam esse constat?... tanta erit enim auctoritas illius religionis, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

99: qui (Mercurius) apud eos summā religione coleretur,

id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 84; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 85;

2, 4, 44, § 96: (simulacrum Dianae) translatum Carthaginem locum tantum hominesque mutarat: religionem quidem pristinam conservabat,

id. ib. 2, 4, 33, § 72; cf.

, of the same,

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, §

78: fanum Junonis tantā religione semper fuit, ut... semper inviolatum sanctumque fuit,

enjoyed such honor, was held in such reverence, id. ib. 2, 4, 46, § 103;

2, 4, 58, § 129: hac (panacea) evulsā scrobem repleri vario genere frugum religio est,

is a religious custom, Plin. 25, 4, 11, § 30; cf.:

et obrui tales religio est,

id. 30, 5, 14, § 42:

hi (barbari) ignari totius negotii ac religionis,

of religious belief, of religion, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf.:

venit mihi fani, loci, religionis illius in mentem,

id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §

110: de religione queri,

id. ib. 2, 4, 51, § 113.—In late and eccl. Lat., a religious ordinance, ceremony, rite:

quae est ista religio?

Vulg. Exod. 12, 26:

ista est religio victimae,

id. Num. 19, 2.—In plur.:

expertes religionum omnium,

Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 119:

qui in bello religionum et consuetudinis jura continent,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; cf.:

a quibus (rebus) etiam oculos cohibere te religionum jura cogebant,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: religiones expiare,

id. Mil. 27, 73:

ceterae (nationes) pro religionibus suis bella suscipiunt, istae contra omnium religiones,

id. Font. 9, 30: Druides religiones interpretantur, religious matters, religion, Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

scientia morum ac religionum ejus rei publicae,

Quint. 12, 3, 1:

civitas religionibus dedita,

Plin. Pan. 74, 5:

liberum a religionibus matutinum,

Col. 6, 2, 3.

Transf.

Subject., conscientiousness, scrupulousness arising from religion, religious scruples, scruples of conscience, religious awe, etc. (cf. sanctimonia):

refrenatus religione,

Lucr. 5, 1114:

oppressa gravi sub religione vita,

id. 1, 64:

sese cum summā religione, tum summo metu legum et judiciorum teneri,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75; cf.:

ut eam non metus, non religio contineret,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: memini perturbari exercitum nostrum religione et metu, quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

id. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

tantā religione obstricta tota provincia est, tanta superstitio ex istius facto mentes omnium Siculorum occupavit, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 113; cf.:

obstrinxisti religione populum Romanum,

id. Phil. 2, 33, 83:

recitatis litteris oblata religio Cornuto est, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

ad oblatam aliquam religionem,

id. Agr. 1, 2, 5:

non recordabantur, quam parvulae saepe causae vel falsae suspicionis vel terroris repentini vel objectae religionis magna detrimenta intulissent,

Caes. B. C. 3, 72:

obicere religionem,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 40; cf.:

inicere religionem alicui,

Cic. Caecin. 33, 97:

vide ne quid Catulus attulerit religionis,

id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:

Gracchus cum rem illam in religionem populo venisse sentiret, ad senatum retulit,

id. N. D. 2, 4, 10:

nec eam rem habuit religioni,

id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

ut quae religio C. Mario non fuerat, quo minus C. Glauciam praetorem occideret, eā nos religione in privato P. Lentulo puniendo liberaremur,

id. Cat. 3, 6, 15:

tunc quoque, ne confestim bellum indiceretur, religio obstitit,

Liv. 4, 30:

cum ibi quoque religio obstaret, ne, etc... augures consulti eam religionem eximere,

id. 4, 31:

cum plenā religione civitas esset,

id. 7, 28; 21, 62:

nihil esse mihi, religio'st dicere,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; cf.:

ut velut numine aliquo defensa castra oppugnare iterum, religio fuerit,

Liv. 2, 62; 6, 27:

rivos deducere nulla Religio vetuit (with fas et jura sinunt),

Verg. G. 1, 270:

nulla mihi Religio est,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 71:

nullā religione, ut scelus tegat, posse constrin gi,

Curt. 6, 7, 7:

quosdam religio ceperit ulterius quicquam eo die conandi,

Liv. 28, 15; cf.:

movendi inde thesauros incussa erat religio,

id. 29, 18:

religio fuit, denegare nolui,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 71.—In plur.: non demunt animis curas ac religiones Persarum montes, Varr. ap. Non. 379, 11:

artis Religionum animum nodis exsolvere,

Lucr. 1, 932; 4, 7:

religionibus atque minis obsistere vatum,

id. 1, 109:

plerique novas sibi ex loco religiones fingunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

natio est omnis Gallorum admodum dedita religionibus,

id. ib. 6, 16:

religionibus impediri,

id. ib. 5, 6; Auct. B. Alex. 74; Phaedr. 4, 10, 4:

plenis religionum animis, prodigia insuper nunciata,

Liv. 41, 16:

nullus locus non religionum deorumque est plenus,

id. 5, 52, 2:

pontifices flaminesque neglegentiores publicarum religionum esse,

id. 5, 52, 5.—

Meton. ( effect. pro causā), a religious offence, giving rise to scruples of conscience:

ut si profectus non esset, nullā tamen mendacii religione obstrictus videretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11:

liberaret religione templum,

Liv. 45, 5:

se domumque religione exsolvere,

id. 5, 23.—In plur.:

inexpiabiles religiones in rem publicam inducere,

Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13.—

In partic.: religio jurisjurandi, or absol., scrupulousness in the fulfilment of an oath, the obligation of an oath, plighted faith:

religione jurisjurandi ac metu deorum in testimoniis dicendis commoveri,

Cic. Font. 9, 20; so,

jurisjurandi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 3, 28; cf.:

nec Achaeos religione obstringerent,

Liv. 39, 37; Just. 1, 9, 18; 18, 6, 11. — Absol., Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

nocturna proelia esse vitanda, quod perterritus miles in civili dissensione timori magis quam religioni consulere consuerit,

id. ib. 1, 67:

religionem servare,

Nep. Ages. 2, 5.—

In gen., a strict scrupulousness, anxiety, punctiliousness, conscientiousness, exactness, etc.: Atheniensium semper fuit prudens sincerumque judicium, nihil ut possent nisi incorruptum audire et elegans. Eorum religioni cum serviret orator, nullum verbum insolens, [p. 1557] nullum odiosum ponere audebat, Cic. Or. 8, 25; cf. id. ib. 11, 36; id. Brut. 82, 283:

fide et religione vitae defendi,

id. Deiot. 6, 16; cf.:

propter fidem et religionem judicis,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 45; and:

testimoniorum religionem et fidem,

id. Fl. 4, 9:

homo sine ullā religione ac fide,

Nep. Chabr. 8, 2:

sin est in me ratio rei publicae, religio privati officii, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 3, 10; so,

officii,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:

religio in consilio dando,

id. Fam. 11, 29, 1:

alicujus facta ad antiquae religionis rationem exquirere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10; so,

antiqua,

id. Caecin. 10, 28:

nefas est religionem decipi judicantis,

Amm. 30, 4, 10.—In plur.:

judicum religiones,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 31.—

Object.

Abstr., the holiness, sacredness, sanctity inhering in any religious object (a deity, temple, utensils, etc.; cf.

sanctitas): quae (fortissimorum civium mentes) mihi videntur ex hominum vitā ad deorum religionem et sanctimoniam demigrasse,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 30:

propter singularem ejus fani religionem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 96:

in sacerdotibus tanta offusa oculis animoque religio,

Liv. 2, 40, 3; so,

fani,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 110; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

sacrarii,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5:

templorum,

Tac. H. 1, 40:

signi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127:

jam tum religio pavidos terrebat agrestes Dira loci,

Verg. A. 8, 349.—

Concr., an object of religious veneration, a sacred place or thing:

uno tempore Agrigentini beneficium Africani (sc. signum Apollinis), religionem domesticam, ornamentum urbis, etc.... requirebant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93; cf.:

religionem restituere,

id. ib. 2, 4, 36, §

80: sacrorum omnium et religionum hostis praedoque,

id. ib.; cf.:

praedo religionum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 43, §

95: quem tibi deum tantis eorum religionibus violatis auxilio futurum putas?

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; cf.:

est sceleris, quod religiones maximas violavit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 41, § 88.— Poet.:

quae religio aut quae machina belli, of the Trojan horse,

Verg. A. 2, 151.—

A system of religious belief, a religion (late Lat.):

Christiana,

Christianity, Eutr. 10, 16 fin.; Leo M. Serm. 66, 2 init.:

Christianam religionem absolutam et simplicem anili superstitione confundens,

Amm. 21, 16, 18; Lact. 5, 2, 8.