-
61 epesi
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -epesi[English Word] active[Part of Speech] adjective[Swahili Example] Aziza awe mwepesi, msikivu, mwelekevu [Abd]------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -epesi[English Word] easy[Part of Speech] adjective[Swahili Definition] 89][Swahili Example] Maswali mepesi na magumu yachanganywe [Masomo 189][English Example] Easy and difficult questions should be mixed.------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -epesi[English Word] energetic[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -epesi[English Word] fast[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -epesi[English Word] fine[Part of Speech] adjective[Swahili Example] kitambaa chepesi cha maua maua [Muk]------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -epesi[English Word] hasty[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -epesi[English Word] impatient[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -epesi[English Word] light (in weight)[Part of Speech] adjective[Swahili Definition] kinyume cha -zito[Swahili Example] kiatu chepesi; popo wana miili myepesi [Masomo 29][English Example] slipper; bats have lightweight bodies------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -epesi[English Word] agile[Part of Speech] adjective[Swahili Example] Amina alihakikisha kwa ulimi mwepesi [Sul]------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -epesi[English Word] quick[Part of Speech] adjective[Swahili Example] mwendo wake ulikuwa maridadi na mwepesi [Sul]------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -epesi[English Word] soft[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -epesi[English Word] swift[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -epesi[English Word] unimportant[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -epesi[English Word] not serious[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------ -
62 airy
1) (with plenty of (fresh) air: an airy room.) ventilado, aireado2) (light-hearted and not serious: an airy disregard for authority.) despreocupadotr['eərɪ]1 (ventilated) bien ventilado,-a2 (light) ligero,-a3 (insincere) insincero,-a4 (carefree) despreocupado,-a1) delicate, light: delicado, ligero2) breezy: aireado, bien ventiladoadj.• airoso, -a adj.• ligero, -a adj.• ventilado, -a adj.'eri, 'eəriadjective airier, airiesta) <room/house> espacioso y aireadob) <manner/reply> displicentec) (light, insubstantial) etéreo['ɛǝrɪ]ADJ (compar airier) (superl airiest)1) [room, building] (=spacious) espacioso, amplio; (=well ventilated) bien ventilado2) [fabric, clothing] (=lightweight) ligero; (=unsubstantial) etéreo3) (=careless, light) [remark] hecho a la ligera; [gesture, wave] despreocupado4) (=empty) [idea, generalization] ligero* * *['eri, 'eəri]adjective airier, airiesta) <room/house> espacioso y aireadob) <manner/reply> displicentec) (light, insubstantial) etéreo -
63 несолідний
unsubstantial; unimpressive, not impressive, lightweight -
64 Schmooze
Idle talk, gossip, (intimate) chat; to persuade; to have a lightweight conversation, not serious in nature -
65 light
------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] be light[Swahili Word] -sahalia[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] sahala------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] be lighted[Swahili Word] -waka[Part of Speech] verb[Swahili Example] ndani bado taa zilikuwa zikiwaka mfululizo [Moh]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] be lighted up[Swahili Word] -zagawa[Part of Speech] verb[Class] passive[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] zagaa------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] become light[Swahili Word] -cha[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] chelezo, kichea, kucha, macheo, uchao, ucheachea, uchelewaji[English Example] it is growing light (day is breaking)[Swahili Example] kunakucha------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] bring to light[Swahili Word] -chomoa[Part of Speech] verb[Class] converse------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] bring to light[Swahili Word] -gubua[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] bring to light[Swahili Word] -omoa[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] bring to light[Swahili Word] -vumbua[Part of Speech] verb[Class] converse[Derived Word] vumbika V------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] bring to light[Swahili Word] -ziua[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] bring to light[Swahili Word] -zua[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] bring to light[Swahili Word] -zumbua[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] bring to light[Swahili Word] -zumbua[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] bring to light[Swahili Word] -ibua[Part of Speech] verb[Class] transitive[Swahili Definition] -chomoa, -zua[Swahili Example] "Madhumuni hasa ya warsha... ni kubadilishana mawazo na uzoefu kuhusu tatizo hili la kijamii ili hatimaye waandishi wa habari, kwa kupitia maandishi yao, waweze kuibua upya mjadala juu ya suala hili..." http://www.mwanzacommunity.org/mpc%20------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] burst of light[English Plural] bursts of light[Swahili Word] kianga[Swahili Plural] vianga[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Related Words] angaa------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] come to light[Swahili Word] -dhulu[Part of Speech] verb[Note] rare------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] electric light[Swahili Word] sitima[Swahili Plural] sitima[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Word] Engl.------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] electric light[Swahili Word] stima[Swahili Plural] stima[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Word] Engl.------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] electric light bulb[Swahili Word] taa[Swahili Plural] taa[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[English Example] headlights[Swahili Example] taa za mbele[Note] rare------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] get light[Swahili Word] -pambazuka[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] pambazuko, -pambazua------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] give light[Swahili Word] -angaza[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] angalia V[Swahili Example] [taa za umeme] zikipoteza nguvu zake bure kuangaza njia zilizohamwa na watu [Sul]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] give light[Swahili Word] -zagaa[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] give light to[Swahili Word] -mulika[Part of Speech] verb[Class] stative[English Example] the one who gives you light by day will burn you by night [proverb][Swahili Example] anayekumulika mchana usiku atakuunguza [methali]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] grow light[Swahili Word] -amkia[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] grow light[Swahili Word] -amkua[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light[Swahili Word] ndururu[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light[Swahili Word] sahala[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light[Swahili Word] kweu[Part of Speech] noun[Swahili Example] leo ni kweupe [Rec]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light[Swahili Word] kweupe[Part of Speech] noun[Swahili Example] leo ni kweupe [Rec]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light[Swahili Word] mwako[Swahili Plural] miako[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[Derived Word] aka V------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light[Swahili Word] mwanga[Swahili Plural] mianga[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] anga, angaa[English Example] The light dims slowly.[Swahili Example] Mwanga wa taa ukifififa polepole [Chacha, Masomo 383]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light[Swahili Word] mwangaza[Swahili Plural] miangaza[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[Derived Word] angaN[Swahili Example] aliisogeza chini ya mwangaza wa kibatari [Sul]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light[Swahili Word] nuru[Swahili Plural] nuru[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Word] Arabic[Swahili Example] macho yake yalimeta miali ya nuru [Sul]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light[Swahili Word] taa[Swahili Plural] taa[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Word] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light[Swahili Word] -simbu[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light[Swahili Word] -sumba[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light[Swahili Word] -washa[Part of Speech] verb[Class] causative[Swahili Example] namna ya kuwasha majiko ya umeme [Sul]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light (in color)[Swahili Word] -eupe[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light (in weight)[Swahili Word] -epesi[Part of Speech] adjective[Swahili Definition] kinyume cha -zito[English Example] slipper; bats have lightweight bodies[Swahili Example] kiatu chepesi; popo wana miili myepesi [Masomo 29]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light for someone[Swahili Word] -washia[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] waka V------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light thing[English Plural] light things[Swahili Word] kibua[Swahili Plural] vibua[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Related Words] bua------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light up[Swahili Word] -angaza[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] -angaa[English Example] the moon lights up the night[Swahili Example] mwezi huangaza usiku------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light up[Swahili Word] -ng'ara[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light up[Swahili Word] -nurisha[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] nuru------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light up[Swahili Word] -tia nuru[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] light-weight thing[English Plural] light-weight things[Swahili Word] kibunzi[Swahili Plural] vibunzi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] make light of[Swahili Word] -rahisisha[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] throw a beam of light on[Swahili Word] -mulika[Part of Speech] verb[Class] stative[Swahili Example] nyota ziliwamulika [Kez]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] traffic light[Swahili Word] taa ya barabarani[Swahili Plural] taa za barabarani[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[English Example] (s)he does not follow traffic lights[Swahili Example] hafuati taa za barabarani [Muk]------------------------------------------------------------ -
66 bióptico
bióptico11 = bioptic.Nota: Que se compone de dos lentes.Ex: Modern bioptic eyewear design of includes many, small lightweight systems that have improved patient acceptance.
bióptico22 = biopsy.Nota: Nombre y adjetivo.Ex: The article concludes that the concern about the malignancy of a particular skin lesion and the recommendation whether to perform a biopsy were not significantly affected by telemedicine technology.
* muestra bióptica = biopsy specimen. -
67 l|ekki
adj. grad. 1. (mało ważący) [dziecko, paczka, kurtka] light- hel jest lżejszy od powietrza helium is lighter than air- ona jest o dwa kilogramy lżejsza she’s two kilos lighter- lekka gleba Geol. light soil- waga lekka Sport lightweight- lekki jak piórko (as) light as a feather2. (przewiewny) [materiał, ubranie] light- miała na sobie lekką sukienkę she was wearing a light dress3. (słaby) [wiatr, mróz, przeziębienie] light, slight; [sen, dotyk] light; (niewyraźny) [akcent, szum, zapach] faint- mieć lekki sen to be a light sleeper- na jej smutnej twarzy pojawił się lekki uśmiech a faint smile flickered across her sad face4. (zgrabny) [chód, ruchy, meble] light; (żwawy) [chód, ruchy] jaunty- iść lekkim krokiem to walk with a light step, to walk jauntily- lekkim krokiem weszła na czwarte piętro she climbed effortlessly to the fourth floor5. (łatwy) [praca, muzyka, rozrywka, styl] light- lekka lektura do czytania w pociągu some light reading for the train- lżejszy repertuar komediowy a lighter comic repertoire- lekkie pióro Voltaire’a Voltaire’s effortless style- nie miała lekkiego życia life has not been easy for her- do lżejszych prac zatrudniamy kobiety we employ women to perform lighter duties- mieć lekką śmierć to have a. die a painless death6. Kulin. [posiłek, danie, ciasto, wino] light; [herbata, kawa] weak- lekkie papierosy light a. mild cigarettes7. (niepoważny) [postępowanie, zachowanie] light-hearted- kobieta lekkich obyczajów a woman of easy virtue8. Wojsk. [karabin, działo, sprzęt] light- lekka jazda/piechota przest. the light cavalry/infantry- lekki karabin maszynowy a (light) sub-machine gun■ mieć lekką rękę do czegoś to make light work of sth- on ma lekką rękę do zwierząt he has a way with animals- mieć lekką rękę (być rozrzutnym) to be a big spender, to be free with one’s money- robić coś lekką ręką (bez zastanowienia) to do sth recklessly a. rashly- brał lekką ręką 1600 zł miesięcznie he easily pocketed 1,600 zl a month- z lekkim sercem with a light heart- niech mu ziemia lekką będzie may he rest in peaceThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > l|ekki
-
68 childish
детский имя прилагательное: -
69 futile
бесполезный имя прилагательное: -
70 hollow
-
71 windy
-
72 несерьезный
frivolous имя прилагательное: -
73 dismiss
dismiss [dɪs'mɪs](a) (from job → employee) licencier, congédier, renvoyer; (→ magistrate, official) destituer, révoquer, relever de ses fonctions;∎ Military to dismiss sb from the army rayer qn des cadres de l'armée(b) (not take seriously → proposal, theory, explanation) rejeter; (→ objection, warning, rumours) ne pas tenir compte de, ne pas prendre au sérieux; (→ danger) mépriser; (→ problem) écarter, refuser de considérer;∎ you cannot go on dismissing the threats/evidence vous ne pouvez pas continuer à ignorer ces menaces/preuves;∎ he dismissed him as a crank il a déclaré que c'était un excentrique à ne pas prendre au sérieux;∎ he was long dismissed as a crank on l'a longtemps pris pour un excentrique;∎ it has been dismissed as a rumour on a rejeté cette information en n'y voyant qu'une simple rumeur;∎ police dismissed the warning as a hoax la police n'a pas tenu compte de l'avertissement et l'a pris pour une mauvaise plaisanterie;∎ the incident was dismissed as a mere schoolboy prank on n'a vu dans cet incident qu'une simple farce d'écolier;∎ she is dismissed as an intellectual lightweight on la considère comme une non-valeur sur le plan intellectuel(c) (send away) congédier; figurative (thought, possibility) écarter; (memory) effacer; (suggestion, idea) rejeter; School (class) laisser partir;∎ dismiss him from your thoughts chasse-le de tes pensées;∎ you can dismiss that idea from your thoughts! tu peux t'ôter cette idée de la tête!;∎ School class dismissed! vous pouvez sortir!;∎ Military dismissed! rompez!∎ to dismiss a charge (judge) rendre une ordonnance de non-lieu;∎ all charges against her have been dismissed toutes les accusations qui pesaient sur elle ont été levées;∎ to dismiss a case classer une affaire;∎ the judge dismissed the case le juge a rendu une fin de non-recevoir;∎ case dismissed! affaire classée!∎ England were dismissed for 127 l'équipe d'Angleterre a été éliminée avec 127 points∎ Military dismiss! rompez (les rangs)! -
74 Albone, Daniel
[br]b. c.1860 Biggleswade, Bedfordshire, Englandd. 1906 England[br]English engineer who developed and manufactured the first commercially successful lightweight tractor.[br]The son of a market gardener, Albone's interest lay in mechanics, and by 1880 he had established his own business as a cycle maker and repairer. His inventive mind led to a number of patents relating to bicycle design, but his commercial success was particularly assisted by his achievements in cycle racing. From this early start he diversified his business, designing and supplying, amongst other things, axle bearings for the Great Northern Railway, and also building motor cycles and several cars. It is possible that he began working on tractors as early as 1896. Certainly by 1902 he had built his first prototype, to the three-wheeled design that was to remain in later production models. Weighing only 30 cwt, yet capable of pulling two binders or a two-furrow plough, Albone's Ivel tractor was ahead of anything in its time, and its power-to-weight ratio was to be unrivalled for almost a decade. Albone's commercial success was not entirely due to the mechanical tractor's superiority, but owed a considerable amount to his ability as a showman and demonstrator. He held two working demonstrations a month in the village of Biggleswade in Bedfordshire, where the tractors were made. The tractor was named after the river Ivel, which flowed through the village. The Ivel tractor gained twenty-six gold and silver medals at agricultural shows between 1902 and 1906, and was a significant contributor to Britain's position as the world's largest exporter of tractors between 1904 and 1914. Albone tried other forms of his tractor to increase its sales. He built a fire engine, and also an armoured vehicle, but failed to impress the War Office with its potential.Albone died at the age of 46. His tractor continued in production but remained essentially unimproved, and the company finally lost its sales to other designs, particularly those of American origin.[br]Further ReadingDetailed contemporary accounts of tractor development occur in the British periodical Implement and Machinery Review. Accounts of the Ivel appear in "The Trials of Agricultural Motors", Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England (1910), pp. 179–99. A series of general histories by Michael Williams have been published by Blandfords, of which Classic Farm Tractors (1984) includes an entry on the Ivel.AP -
75 Bacon, Francis Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 21 December 1904 Billericay, Englandd. 24 May 1992 Little Shelford, Cambridge, England[br]English mechanical engineer, a pioneer in the modern phase of fuel-cell development.[br]After receiving his education at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, Bacon served with C.A. Parsons at Newcastle upon Tyne from 1925 to 1940. From 1946 to 1956 he carried out research on Hydrox fuel cells at Cambridge University and was a consultant on fuel-cell design to a number of organizations throughout the rest of his life.Sir William Grove was the first to observe that when oxygen and hydrogen were supplied to platinum electrodes immersed in sulphuric acid a current was produced in an external circuit, but he did not envisage this as a practical source of electrical energy. In the 1930s Bacon started work to develop a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell that operated at moderate temperatures and pressures using an alkaline electrolyte. In 1940 he was appointed to a post at King's College, London, and there, with the support of the Admiralty, he started full-time experimental work on fuel cells. His brief was to produce a power source for the propulsion of submarines. The following year he was posted as a temporary experimental officer to the Anti-Submarine Experimental Establishment at Fairlie, Ayrshire, and he remained there until the end of the Second World War.In 1946 he joined the Department of Chemical Engineering at Cambridge, receiving a small amount of money from the Electrical Research Association. Backing came six years later from the National Research and Development Corporation (NRDC), the development of the fuel cell being transferred to Marshalls of Cambridge, where Bacon was appointed Consultant.By 1959, after almost twenty years of individual effort, he was able to demonstrate a 6 kW (8 hp) power unit capable of driving a small truck. Bacon appreciated that when substantial power was required over long periods the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell associated with high-pressure gas storage would be more compact than conventional secondary batteries.The development of the fuel-cell system pioneered by Bacon was stimulated by a particular need for a compact, lightweight source of power in the United States space programme. Electro-chemical generators using hydrogen-oxygen cells were chosen to provide the main supplies on the Apollo spacecraft for landing on the surface of the moon in 1969. An added advantage of the cells was that they simultaneously provided water. NRDC was largely responsible for the forma-tion of Energy Conversion Ltd, a company that was set up to exploit Bacon's patents and to manufacture fuel cells, and which was supported by British Ropes Ltd, British Petroleum and Guest, Keen \& Nettlefold Ltd at Basingstoke. Bacon was their full-time consultant. In 1971 Energy Conversion's operation was moved to the UK Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, as Fuel Cells Ltd. Bacon remained with them until he retired in 1973.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsOBE 1967. FRS 1972. Royal Society S.G. Brown Medal 1965. Royal Aeronautical Society British Silver Medal 1969.Bibliography27 February 1952, British patent no. 667,298 (hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell). 1963, contribution in W.Mitchell (ed.), Fuel Cells, New York, pp. 130–92.1965, contribution in B.S.Baker (ed.), Hydrocarbon Fuel Cell Technology, New York, pp. 1–7.Further ReadingObituary, 1992, Daily Telegraph (8 June).A.McDougal, 1976, Fuel Cells, London (makes an acknowledgement of Bacon's contribution to the design and application of fuel cells).D.P.Gregory, 1972, Fuel Cells, London (a concise introduction to fuel-cell technology).GW -
76 Blickensderfer, George Canfield
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 1850 Erie, Pennsylvania, USAd. 14 August 1917[br]American maker of the first successful portable typewriter and the first electric typewriter.[br]Blickensderfer was educated at the academy in Erie and at Allegheny College. He seems to have followed a business career, and in the course of his travels he became aware of the need for a simple, durable, but portable typewriter. He was in business in Stanford, Connecticut, where he developed but did not patent a number of typewriters, including a machine in which a type wheel could print short words such as "an" and "as" by depressing a single key. In 1889 he set up the Blickensderfer Manufacturing Company to perfect and mass-produce the machine he had in mind. He needed two years to test and perfect the model, and in 1891 work started on the factory that was to manufacture it. On the verge of mass-production in 1893, he produced a few machines for the Chicago World Exhibition in that year. Their success was sensational, and the "Blickensderfer" received the highest accolades from the judges, who hailed it as "extraordinary progress in the art of typewriting". The "Blickensderfer" appeared with successive modifications in the following years: they were durable, lightweight machines, with interchangeable type wheels, and were the first widely-used readily-portable typewriters.Around 1902 Blickensderfer produced the first electric typewriter. A few electric machines were produced and some were sent to Europe, including England, but they are now very rare. One Blick Electric has been preserved in the Beeching Typewriter Collection in Bournemouth, England.[br]Further ReadingM.H.Adler, 1973, The Writing Machine, London: Allen \& Unwin.Historische Burowelt 10 (July 1985):11 (provides brief biographical details in German with an English summary).LRDBiographical history of technology > Blickensderfer, George Canfield
-
77 Herreshoff, Nathaniel Greene
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 18 March 1848 Bristol, Rhode Island, USAd. 2 June 1938 Bristol, Rhode Island, USA[br]American naval architect and designer of six successful America's Cup defenders.[br]Herreshoff, or, as he was known, Captain Nat, was seventh in a family of nine, four of whom became blind in childhood. Association with such problems may have sharpened his appreciation of shape and form; indeed, he made a lengthy European small-boat trip with a blind brother. While working on yacht designs, he used three-dimensional models in conjunction with the sheer draught on the drawing-board. With many of the family being boatbuilders, he started designing at the age of 16 and then decided to make this his career. As naval architecture was not then a graduating subject, he studied mechanical engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. While still studying, c.1867, he broke new ground by preparing direct reading time handicapping tables for yachts up to 110 ft (33.5 m) long. After working with the Corliss Company, he set up the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company, in partnership with J.B.Herreshoff, as shipbuilders and engineers. Over the years their output included steam machinery, fishing vessels, pleasure craft and racing yachts. They built the first torpedo boat for the US Navy and another for the Royal Navy, the only such acquisition in the late nineteenth century. Herreshoff designed six of the world's greatest yachts, of the America's Cup, between 1890 and 1920. His accomplishments included new types of lightweight wood fasteners, new systems of framing, hollow spars and better methods of cutting sails. He continued to work full-time until 1935 and his work was internationally acclaimed. He maintained cordial relations with his British rivals Fife, Nicholson and G.L. Watson, and enjoyed friendship with his compatriot Edward Burgess. Few will ever match Herreshoff as an all-round engineer and designer.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHerreshoff was one of the very few, other than heads of state, to become an Honorary Member of the New York Yacht Club.Further ReadingL.F.Herreshoff, 1953, Capt. Nat Herreshoff. The Wizard of Bristol, White Plains, NY: Sheridan House; 2nd edn 1981.FMWBiographical history of technology > Herreshoff, Nathaniel Greene
-
78 Noyce, Robert
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 12 December 1927 Burlington, Iowa, USA[br]American engineer responsible for the development of integrated circuits and the microprocessor chip.[br]Noyce was the son of a Congregational minister whose family, after a number of moves, finally settled in Grinnell, some 50 miles (80 km) east of Des Moines, Iowa. Encouraged to follow his interest in science, in his teens he worked as a baby-sitter and mower of lawns to earn money for his hobby. One of his clients was Professor of Physics at Grinnell College, where Noyce enrolled to study mathematics and physics and eventually gained a top-grade BA. It was while there that he learned of the invention of the transistor by the team at Bell Laboratories, which included John Bardeen, a former fellow student of his professor. After taking a PhD in physical electronics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1953, he joined the Philco Corporation in Philadelphia to work on the development of transistors. Then in January 1956 he accepted an invitation from William Shockley, another of the Bell transistor team, to join the newly formed Shockley Transistor Company, the first electronic firm to set up shop in Palo Alto, California, in what later became known as "Silicon Valley".From the start things at the company did not go well and eventually Noyce and Gordon Moore and six colleagues decided to offer themselves as a complete development team; with the aid of the Fairchild Camera and Instrument Company, the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation was born. It was there that in 1958, contemporaneously with Jack K. Wilby at Texas Instruments, Noyce had the idea for monolithic integration of transistor circuits. Eventually, after extended patent litigation involving study of laboratory notebooks and careful examination of the original claims, priority was assigned to Noyce. The invention was most timely. The Apollo Moon-landing programme announced by President Kennedy in May 1961 called for lightweight sophisticated navigation and control computer systems, which could only be met by the rapid development of the new technology, and Fairchild was well placed to deliver the micrologic chips required by NASA.In 1968 the founders sold Fairchild Semicon-ductors to the parent company. Noyce and Moore promptly found new backers and set up the Intel Corporation, primarily to make high-density memory chips. The first product was a 1,024-bit random access memory (1 K RAM) and by 1973 sales had reached $60 million. However, Noyce and Moore had already realized that it was possible to make a complete microcomputer by putting all the logic needed to go with the memory chip(s) on a single integrated circuit (1C) chip in the form of a general purpose central processing unit (CPU). By 1971 they had produced the Intel 4004 microprocessor, which sold for US$200, and within a year the 8008 followed. The personal computer (PC) revolution had begun! Noyce eventually left Intel, but he remained active in microchip technology and subsequently founded Sematech Inc.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFranklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Medal 1966. National Academy of Engineering 1969. National Academy of Science. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1978; Cledo Brunetti Award (jointly with Kilby) 1978. Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1979. National Medal of Science 1979. National Medal of Engineering 1987.Bibliography1955, "Base-widening punch-through", Proceedings of the American Physical Society.30 July 1959, US patent no. 2,981,877.Further ReadingT.R.Reid, 1985, Microchip: The Story of a Revolution and the Men Who Made It, London: Pan Books.KF -
79 Phillips, Horatio Frederick
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 2 February 1845 London, Englandd. 15 July 1926 Hampshire, England[br]English aerodynamicist whose cambered two-surface wing sections provided the foundations for aerofoil design.[br]At the age of 19, Phillips developed an interest in flight and constructed models with lightweight engines. He spent a large amount of time and money over many years, carrying out practical research into the science of aerodynamics. In the early 1880s he built a wind tunnel with a working section of 15 in. by 10 in. (38 cm by 25 cm). Air was sucked through the working section by an adaptation of the steam injector used in boilers and invented by Henry Giffard, the airship pioneer. Phillips tested aerofoils based on the cross-section of bird's wings, with a greater curvature on the upper surface than the lower. He measured the lift and drag and showed that the major component of lift came from suction on the upper surface, rather than pressure on the lower. He took out patents for his aerofoil sections in 1884 and 1891. In addition to his wind-tunnel test, Phillips tested his wing sections on a whirling arm, as used earlier by Cayley, Wenham and Lilienthal. After a series of tests using an arm of 15 ft (4.57 m) radius, Phillips built a massive whirling arm driven by a steam engine. His test pieces were mounted on the end of the arm, which had a radius of 50 ft (15.24 m), giving them a linear speed of 70 mph (113 km/h). By 1893 Phillips was ready to put his theories to a more practical test, so he built a large model aircraft driven by a steam engine and tethered to run round a circular track. It had a wing span of 19 ft (5.79 m), but it had fifty wings, one above the other. These wings were only 10 in. (25 cm) wide and mounted in a frame, so it looked rather like a Venetian blind. At 40 mph (64 km/h) it lifted off the track. In 1904 Phillips built a full-size multi-wing aeroplane with twenty wings which just lifted off the ground but did not fly. He built another multi-wing machine in 1907, this time with four Venetian blind' frames in tandem, giving it two hundred wings! Phillips made a short flight of almost 500 ft (152 m) which could be claimed to be the first powered aeroplane flight in England by an Englishman. He retired from flying at the age of 62.[br]Bibliography1900, "Mechanical flight and matters relating thereto", Engineering (reprint).1891–3, "On the sustentation of weight by mechanical flight", Aeronautical Society of Great Britain 23rd Report.Further ReadingJ.Laurence Pritchard, 1957, "The dawn of aerodynamics", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (March) (good descriptions of Phillips's early work and his wind tunnel).J.E.Hodgson, 1924, The History of Aeronautics in Great Britain, London.F.W.Brearey, 1891–3, "Remarks on experiments made by Horatio Phillips", Aeronautical Society of Great Britain 23rd Report.JDSBiographical history of technology > Phillips, Horatio Frederick
Страницы
См. также в других словарях:
Lightweight software test automation — is the process of creating and using relatively short and simple computer programs, called lightweight test harnesses, designed to test a software system. Lightweight test automation harnesses are not tied to a particular programming language but … Wikipedia
Lightweight rail — is a particular class of railway characterized by low train weight. The term is a mode of expression for discussing the environmental importance of low train weight, and the implications of this concept will be discussed in the following.The term … Wikipedia
Lightweight rowing — (Lwt for short) is a special category of rowing where limits are placed on the maximum weight of competitors. The rationale is that larger, taller people have a small but significant physical advantage and tend to dominate the sport. Having a… … Wikipedia
lightweight — [līt′wāt΄] n. 1. one below normal weight 2. a boxer between a junior lightweight and a junior welterweight, with a maximum weight of 135 pounds (61.24 kg) ☆ 3. Informal a person of limited influence, intelligence, or competence adj. 1. light in… … English World dictionary
Lightweight Imaging Device Interface Language — (abbr. LIDIL) is a printer interface definition language used in more recent Hewlett Packard printers.This language is commonly used on HP Deskjets that do not support the PCL printer language. As the name suggests, the language only supports the … Wikipedia
Lightweight — Light weight (l[imac]t w[=a]t ), n. One of less than average weight; specif.: In boxing, wrestling, etc., one weighing not more than 133 pounds (U. S. amateur rules 135 pounds, Eng. 140 pounds). [WordNet sense 1] [Webster 1913 Suppl.] 2. A person … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
lightweight floating charge — A floating charge which is not aimed at providing any collateral security interest but is instead aimed at providing the lender with the right to receive notice of the commencement of insolvency proceedings and the right to dictate the identity… … Law dictionary
lightweight gas mask — not very heavy gas mask … English contemporary dictionary
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol — The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP; /ˈɛld … Wikipedia
lightweight — ▪ I. lightweight light‧weight 1 [ˈlaɪt weɪt] noun [countable] someone or something that has very little influence or importance: • The furniture division had long been an industry lightweight. [m0] ▪ II. lightweight lightweight 2 adjective 1 … Financial and business terms
Lightweight markup language — A lightweight markup language is a markup language with a simple syntax, designed to be easy for a human to enter with a simple text editor, and easy to read in its raw form. Lightweight markup languages are used in applications where people… … Wikipedia
