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1 Giffard
(Surnames) Giffard /ˈdʒɪfəd, ˈgɪ-/ -
2 giffard
Строительство: джеффард -
3 giffard
мед. джеффардАнгло-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > giffard
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4 giffard
بخاخيزود بالماء -
5 giffard
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6 Giffard, Baptiste Henry Jacques (Henri)
[br]b. 8 February 1825 Paris, Franced. 14 April 1882 Paris, France[br]French pioneer of airships and balloons, inventor of an injector for steam-boiler feedwater.[br]Giffard entered the works of the Western Railway of France at the age of 16 but became absorbed by the problem of steam-powered aerial navigation. He proposed a steam-powered helicopter in 1847, but he then turned his attention to an airship. He designed a lightweight coke-burning, single-cylinder steam engine and boiler which produced just over 3 hp (2.2 kW) and mounted it below a cigar-shaped gas bag 44 m (144 ft) in length. A triangular rudder was fitted at the rear to control the direction of flight. On 24 September 1852 Giffard took off from Paris and, at a steady 8 km/h (5 mph), he travelled 28 km (17 miles) to Trappes. This can be claimed to be the first steerable lighter-than-air craft, but with a top speed of only 8 km/h (5 mph) even a modest headwind would have reduced the forward speed to nil (or even negative). Giffard built a second airship, which crashed in 1855, slightly injuring Giffard and his companion; a third airship was planned with a very large gas bag in order to lift the inherently heavy steam engine and boiler, but this was never built. His airships were inflated by coal gas and refusal by the gas company to provide further supplies brought these promising experiments to a premature end.As a draughtsman Giffard had the opportunity to travel on locomotives and he observed the inadequacies of the feed pumps then used to supply boiler feedwater. To overcome these problems he invented the injector with its series of three cones: in the first cone (convergent), steam at or below boiler pressure becomes a high-velocity jet; in the second (also convergent), it combines with feedwater to condense and impart high velocity to it; and in the third (divergent), that velocity is converted into pressure sufficient to overcome the pressure of steam in the boiler. The injector, patented by Giffard, was quickly adopted by railways everywhere, and the royalties provided him with funds to finance further experiments in aviation. These took the form of tethered hydrogen-inflated balloons of successively larger size. At the Paris Exposition of 1878 one of these balloons carried fifty-two passengers on each tethered "flight". The height of the balloon was controlled by a cable attached to a huge steam-powered winch, and by the end of the fair 1,033 ascents had been made and 35,000 passengers had seen Paris from the air. This, and similar balloons, greatly widened the public's interest in aeronautics. Sadly, after becoming blind, Giffard committed suicide; however, he died a rich man and bequeathed large sums of money to the State for humanitarian an scientific purposes.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCroix de la Légion d'honneur 1863.Bibliography1860, Notice théorique et pratique sur l'injecteur automoteur.1870, Description du premier aérostat à vapeur.Further ReadingDictionnaire de biographie française.Gaston Tissandier, 1872, Les Ballons dirigeables, Paris.—1878, Le Grand ballon captif à vapeur de M. Henri Giffard, Paris.W.de Fonvielle, 1882, Les Ballons dirigeables à vapeur de H.Giffard, Paris. Giffard is covered in most books on balloons or airships, e.g.: Basil Clarke, 1961, The History of Airships, London. L.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London.Ian McNeill (ed.), 1990, An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology, London: Routledge, pp. 575 and 614.J.T.Hodgson and C.S.Lake, 1954, Locomotive Management, Tothill Press, p. 100.PJGR / JDSBiographical history of technology > Giffard, Baptiste Henry Jacques (Henri)
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7 Giffard's Chancery Reports
Юридический термин: сборник решений канцлерского суда (составитель Гиффард, 1857-1865), сборник решений канцлерского суда, составитель Гиффард (1857-1865)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Giffard's Chancery Reports
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8 Giffard's maneuver
Медицина: приём Джеффарда (для выведения головки плода) -
9 Giffard's whitefly
Энтомология: Bemisia giffardi (лат.) -
10 Giffard's Chancery Reports
Law: Gif.Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Giffard's Chancery Reports
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11 Giffard's whitefly
Entomology: Bemisia giffardiУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Giffard's whitefly
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12 giffard's maneuver
мед.фраз. прием джеффарда -
13 Giffard's whitefly
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14 Giffard’s injector
கிபாட்டின் உட்பாய்ச்சி -
15 giffard's maneuver
English-Russian small dictionary of medicine > giffard's maneuver
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16 whitefly, Giffard's
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > whitefly, Giffard's
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17 Smale and Giffard's Chancery Reports
Юридический термин: сборник решений канцлерского суда (составители Смейл и Гиффард, 1852-1857), сборник решений канцлерского суда, составители Смейл и Гиффард (1852-1857)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Smale and Giffard's Chancery Reports
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18 Smale and Giffard's Chancery Reports
Law: S.&G., Sm.&G.Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Smale and Giffard's Chancery Reports
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19 يزود بالماء
giffard -
20 Bemisia giffardi
См. также в других словарях:
Giffard — is an Anglo Norman surname, carried by the Earls of Halsbury:*Bonaventure Giffard *Daniel Giffard *George Giffard *Godfrey Giffard (c. 1235 – 1302), Lord Chancellor of England and Bishop of Worcester *Graham Giffard *Hardinge Giffard, 1st Earl of … Wikipedia
Giffard — (homonymie) Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Giffard peut désigner : Sommaire 1 Personnalités 2 Marque … Wikipédia en Français
Giffard — ist der Familienname von: Giffard (Adelsgeschlecht), einer anglonormannischen Adelsfamilie Henri Giffard, Luftfahrtpionier Walter Giffard († 1279), Kanzler von England und Erzbischof von York Giffard bezeichnet: Giffard (Likörhersteller), einen… … Deutsch Wikipedia
giffard — [ʒifaʀ] n. m. ÉTYM. 1877, Littré, Suppl.; du nom de l inventeur de cet appareil breveté en 1858. ❖ ♦ Techn. Injecteur permettant l alimentation automatique des chaudières de machines sous pression. 1 Une locomotive, ça secoue (…) j ai entre les… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Giffard — [ʒi faːr], Henry Jacques, französischer Ingenieur, * Paris 8. 1. 1825, ✝ ebenda 14. 4. 1882; baute 1852 das erste durch Dampfmaschinenkraft bewegte, halbstarre Luftschiff und nach geglückter Probefahrt ein zweites, größeres, das 1857 abstürzte; … Universal-Lexikon
Giffard — Patronyme porté en Normandie et en Bretagne. Popularisé par un évêque de Laon au VIIe siècle, c est un nom de personne d origine germanique, Gibhard selon M.T. Morlet (giban = donner + hard = dur). Variante : Giffart (Picardie) … Noms de famille
GIFFARD — FRANCE (see also List of Individuals) 8.2.1825 Paris/F 14.4.1882 Paris/F Henri Giffard was an engineer from Ecole Centrale in Paris interested in the motion of air balloons. After engineering studies he improved the steam machine that made him a… … Hydraulicians in Europe 1800-2000
Giffard — This surname is of some considerable antiquity and was introduced nto England after the Norman Conquest of 1066. It has two possible origins, the first of which is as the Anglicized form of the Germanic personal name Gebhardt , composed of the… … Surnames reference
giffard — (entrée créée par le supplément) (ji far) s. m. Nom donné à un siphon destiné à amener l injection d eau dans le cylindre où jouent les pistons des machines à vapeur ; on l appelle aussi injecteur Giffard, du nom de l inventeur … Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré
Giffard (alcool) — GIFFARD Création 1885 Fondateurs Emile GIFFARD Siège social … Wikipédia en Français
Giffard injector — Gif fard in*ject or (Mach.) See under {Injector}. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English