implication

συμπαρ-εμφαίνομαι, [voice] Pass.,

A to be expressed as well, i.e. appear by implication, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.107.

τις, [full] τι, Indef. Pron.

A any one, any thing, enclitic through all cases (for exceptions v. infr.):—but τίς; τί; Interrog. Pron. who? what?, oxyt. in the monosyll. cases, parox. in the others:—Dialectal forms: Cypr. σις ( si se) Inscr.Cypr.135.10 H.; Arc. σις (with <*> for ς) IG5(2).262.25 (Mantinea, v B.C.); Thess. κις ib.9(2).515.12 ([place name] Larissa), 1226.4, 1229.27 ([place name] Phalanna), pl. κινες ib.517.41 ([place name] Larissa), neut. κι in διεκί, ποκκί (qq.v.); neut. pl. [dialect] Dor. σά, [dialect] Boeot. τά, [dialect] Aeol. dat. τίω, τίοισι (v. infr. B). (I.-E. q[uglide]i-, cf. Lat. quis, quid, etc.; for σά, τά, v. ἄσσα, σά μάν; with τέο (v. infr. B) cf. OSlav. gen. c<*>eso.)

A Indef. Pron. τις, τι, gen. [dialect] Ion. τεο Od.16.305, Hdt.1.58; more freq. τευ Il.2.388, al., Hdt.4.30, al., Meliss.7, etc.; Trag. and [dialect] Att. του A.Pr.21, Ar.Ach. 329, Th.1.70, etc. (sts. fem., S.Aj. 290, OT 1107 (lyr.), E.Hec. 370, etc.); του is rare after 300 B.C., never in LXX or NT, but found in IG12(5).798.17 (Tenos, iii B.C.), PCair.Zen.250.6, 647.23 (iii B.C.), Plb.3.23.3, revived by the Atticists, D.H.8.29, Plu.Fab.20, etc.; τινος Pi.P.2.90, IG12.16.17, 65.41, A.Eu. 5, Ch. 102, S.Ant. 698, al., Hdt.2.109, al. (Rh.Mus.72.483), etc.; dat. [dialect] Ion.

τεῳ Il.16.227

, Od.11.502, Hdt.2.48, 5.86; Trag. and [dialect] Att. τῳ (also in Hom., Il.1.299, 12.328, Od.13.308, 20.297, al., always in masc.) A.Th. 1045, IG12.39.54, D.S.18.45; as fem., A.Th. 472, S. OT80, etc.; τινι (Hom. in the form

οὔ τινι Il.17.68

, Od.14.96) Pi. O.9.26, al., B.17.12, Hdt.1.114 (elsewh. fem., 2.62, 3.69, 83, 4.113), A.Th. 1041, S.Aj. 443, 495, etc.; acc. τινα Il.1.62, 5.761, etc., neut. τι 2.122, etc.: dual τινε Od.4.26, Pl.Sph. 237d, Prm. 143c, 149e: pl. τινες (Hom. only in

οὔ τινες Od.6.279

, 17.587 and οἵτινες (v. ὅστις)); [dialect] Dor. τινεν SIG527.127 (Drerus, iii B.C.); nom. and acc. neut. τινα (

ὅτινα Il.22.450

), never in Trag., Ar., Th., or Hdt., f.l. in Isoc.4.74, first in Pl.Chrm. 163d, Ep. 325a, D.47.63, Hyp.Ath.19, Alex.110, Sotad.Com.1.22, Arist.EN 1094a5, IG42(1).121.35 (Epid., iv B.C.), etc.; ἄσσα (q.v.) Od.19.218, never in Trag. or Hdt.; [dialect] Att. ἄττα first in Th.1.113, 2.100, Ar.Ra. 173, al., Pl.R. 400a, etc., never in LXX, Plb., D.S., Str., revived by the Atticists, D.H.Comp.3, etc.; gen. [dialect] Ion. τεων Hdt.2.175, 5.57, τεῶν cj. for γε ῶν in 4.76; τινων not in Hdt., first in Ar.Eq. 977 (lyr.); dat. τισι, τισιν, first in Hdt. 9.113, X.Ath.1.18; N.-W. [dialect] Dor. τινοις GDI1409.5 (Delph., iii B.C.); [dialect] Ion. τεοισι Hdt.8.113, 9.27 (for τεοις and τεον v. τεός); acc. τινας Il.15.735, Od.11.371 (also in οὕστινας, ὅτινας, v. ὅστις), etc.; neut. τινα (v. supr.):—any one, any thing, some one, some thing; and as Adj. any, some, and serving as the Indef. Art. a, an;

θεός νύ τίς ἐστι κοτήεις Il.5.191

;

καί τις θεὸς ἡγεμόνευεν Od.9.142

; οὐδέ τις αὐτὸν ἠείδη δμώων ib. 205; ἤ τι ὀϊσάμενος, ἢ.. ib. 339; μή τίς μοι ὑποδείσας ἀναδύη ib. 377, cf. 405- 410; εἴ τινά που μετ' ὄεσσι λάβοι ib. 418, cf. 421, al.; τις θεός construed as if τις θεῶν, 19.40, cf. 11.502, IG12.94.19, E.Hel. 1039.

II special usages:

1 some one (of many), i.e. many a one,

ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν Il.7.201

, etc.: sts. with meiosis, implying all or men, 13.638, Od.3.224; so in Prose, Hdt.5.49 fin., Th.2.37, etc.

2 any one concerned, every one,

εὖ μέν τις δόρυ θηξάσθω Il.2.382

; ἀλλά τις αὐτὸς ἴτω let every man come himself, 17.254;

ἵνα τις στυγέῃσι καὶ ἄλλος 8.515

, cf. 16.209, 17.227, al.; so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., even with the imper., τοῦτό τις.. ἴστω S Aj.417 (lyr.), cf. E.Ba. 346, Ar.Av. 1187;

ἀγορεύω τινὶ ἐμὲ μὴ βασανίζειν Id.Ra. 628

; τοὺς ξυμμάχους αὐτόν τινα κολάζειν that every man should himself chastise his own allies, Th.1.40, cf. 6.77;

ὅ τί τις ἐδύνατο Id.7.75

; ἄμεινόν τινος better than any others, D.21.66, cf. 19.35:—this is more fully expressed by adding other pronominal words,

τις ἕκαστος Od.9.65

, Th.6.31, etc.;

πᾶς τις A.Ag. 1205

, Hdt.6.80, Th.8.94, etc.;

ἅπας τις Hdt.3.113

, etc.;

οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον Id.4.118

. In these senses, τις is freq. combined with pl. words, οἱ κακοὶ.. οὐκ ἴσασι, πρίν τις ἐκβάλῃ, for πρὶν ἐκβάλωσι, S.Aj. 965; οἷς ἂν ἐπίω, ἧσσόν τις πρόσεισι, for ἧσσον προσίασι, Th.4.85;

ἐτόλμα τις.., ὁρῶντες Id.2.53

, cf. 7.75; esp. after εἴ or ἤν τις, X. Mem.1.2.62, al.

3 in reference to a definite person, whom one wishes to avoid naming, οὐκ ἔφασαν ἰέναι, ἐὰν μή τις χρήματα διδῷ (i.e. Cyrus) Id.An.1.4.12, cf. Ar.Ra. 552, Theoc.5.122; so also euphem. for something bad,

ἤν τι ποιῶμεν Th.2.74

;

ἂν οὗτός τι πάθῃ D.4.11

: hence for the [ per.] 1st or [ per.] 2nd pers. Pron.,

ἅ τιν' οὐ πείσεσθαι ὀΐω Il.1.289

, cf. S.Ant. 751; ποῖ τις τρέψεται; for ποῖ τρέψομαι; Ar.Th. 603, cf. S.Aj. 245 (lyr.), 1138, Th.4.59, X.An.3.4.40, 5.7.31, etc.

4 indefinitely, where we say they, French on, sts. with an ironical force,

φοβεῖταί τις A.Ch.59

(lyr.);

μισεῖ τις ἐκεῖνον D.4.8

; as voc., τὸν Πλοῦτον ἔξω τις κάλει call P. out, somebody, Ar.Pl. 1196.

5 τις, τι may be opposed, expressly or by implication, to οὐδείς, οὐδέν, and mean somebody, something, by meiosis for some great one, some great thing, ηὔχεις τις εἶναι you boasted that you were somebody, E.El. 939;

εἰσὶν ὅμως τινὲς οἱ εὐδοκιμοῦντες Arist.Pol. 1293b13

;

τὸ δοκεῖν τιν' εἶναι Men.156

;

τὸ δοκεῖν τινὲς εἶναι D.21.213

;

ὡς σὲ μὲν ἐν τῇ πόλει δεῖ τινὰ φαίνεσθαι, τὴν πόλιν δ' ἐν τοῖς Ἕλλησι μηδενὸς ἀξίαν εἶναι Id.10.71

; κἠγών τις φαίνομαι ἦμεν after all I too am somebody, Theoc.11.79, cf. Act.Ap.5.36; also in neut.,

οἴονταί τι εἶναι ὄντες οὐδενὸς ἄξιοι Pl.Ap. 41e

, cf.Phd. 63c, Phdr. 243a, Euthd. 303c, etc.:— so τι λέγειν to be near the mark, opp. οὐδὲν λέγειν, Id.Prt. 339c, R. 329e, Phdr. 260a, etc.;

ἵνα καὶ εἰδῶμεν εἴ τι ὅδε λέγει Id.Cra. 407e

;

οἴεσθέ τι ποιεῖν, οὐδὲν ποιοῦντες Id.Smp. 173c

.

b τις is sts. opp. to another word,

ἀελλοπόδων μέν τιν' εὐφραίνοισιν ἵππων τιμαί.., τέρπεται δὲ καί τις.. Pi.Fr. 221

;

τισὶ τῶν πολιτῶν ἀποροῦσι συνεξέδωκε θυγατέρας.., τοὺς δ' ἐλύσατο ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων Lys.19.59

;

μέρος μέν τι σιδήρου, μέρος δέ τι ὀστράκινον LXX Da.2.33

(more freq. with the Article, v. infr. 10 c); ἔστιν οὖν οὐ πᾶν τὸ ταχύ, ἀλλά τι (sic codd. BT)

αὐτοῦ ἀγαστόν Pl.Cra. 412c

;

ἀναγκαῖον ἤτοι πᾶσι τοῖς πολίταις ἀποδίδοσθαι πάσας ταύτας τὰς κρίσεις ἢ τισὶ πάσας.. ἢ τινὰς μὲν αὐτῶν πᾶσι τινὰς δὲ τισίν Arist.Pol. 1298a9

, cf. 1277a23; τὸ μεῖζον τοῦθ' ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἑτέρου λέγεται· τινὸς γὰρ λέγεται μεῖζον greater than something, Id.Cat. 6a38;

τὸ πρώτως ὂν καὶ οὐ τὶ ὂν ἀλλ' ὂν ἁπλῶς Id.Metaph. 1028a30

; πότερον τῷ τυχόντι ἢ τισίν; Id.Pol. 1269a26.

6 with pr. names τις commonly signifies one named so-and-so,

ἦν δέ τις ἐν Τρώεσσι Δάρης Il.5.9

, cf. X.An.3.1.4, etc.; with a sense of contempt, Θερσίτης τις ἦν there was one Thersites, S.Ph. 442.

b one of the same sort, converting the pr. name into an appellative, ἤ τις Ἀπόλλων ἢ Πάν an Apollo or a Pan, A.Ag.55 (anap.); [πόλιες] ταὶ μέλονται πρός τινος ἢ Διὸς ἢ γλαυκᾶς Ἀθάνας Lyr.in PVat.11v xi7;

Σκύλλαν τινά A.Ag. 1233

, cf.Ar.V. 181, Av. 512, Ra. 912: so also

ὥς τις ἥλιος A.Ag. 288

; ἰσθμόν τιν' Ar. Th. 647.

7 with Adjs. τις combines to express the idea of a Subst. used as predicate, ὥς τις θαρσαλέος καὶ ἀναιδής ἐσσι προΐκτης a bold and impudent beggar, Od.17.449, cf. 18.382, 20.140, Il.3.220; ἐγώ τις, ὡς ἔοικε, δυσμαθής a dull ard, Pl.R. 358a, cf. Prt. 340e; φόβου πλέα τις εἶ a cow ard, A.Pr. 696, cf. Th. 979(lyr.), Ag. 1140 (lyr.); ὡς ταχεῖά τις.. χάρις διαρρεῖ in what swift fashion ( = ταχέως πως), S.Aj. 1266, cf. OT 618, Hdt.4.198; δεινόν τι ποιεύμενος thinking it a terrible thing, Id.3.155, 5.33.

8 with numerals and Adjs. expressing number, size, or the like , εἷς δέ τις ἀρχὸς ἀνὴρ.. ἔστω some one man, Il.1.144;

ἕνα τιν' ἂν καθεῖσεν Ar.Ra. 911

;

δώσει δέ τι ἕν γε φέρεσθαι Od.15.83

;

τινὰ μίαν νύκτα Th.6.61

;

προσκαλεσάμενός τινας δύο τῶν ἑκατονταρχῶν Act.Ap.23.23

; sts. the τις softens the definiteness of the numeral, ἑπτά τινες some seven, seven or so, Th.7.34;

ἐς διακοσίους τινάς Id.3.111

, cf. 7.87, 8.21; so without an actual numeral, ἡμέρας τινάς some days, i.e. several, Id.3.52; στρατῷ τινι of a certain amount, considerable, Id.8.3; ἐνιαυτόν τινα a year or so, Id.3.68; so οὐ πολλοί τινες, τινὲς οὐ πολλοί, A.Pers. 510, Th. 6.94, etc.; ὀλίγοι τινές or

τινὲς ὀλίγοι Id.2.17

, 3.7; οὔ τινα πολλὸν χρόνον no very long time, Hdt.5.48;

τις στρατιὰ οὐ πολλή Th.6.61

; so also ὅσσος τις χρυσός what a store of gold, Od.10.45, cf. Hdt. 1.193, 2.18, etc.;

κόσοι τινές Id.7.234

;

πηλίκαι τινὲς τιμωρίαι Isoc. 20.3

;

πολλὸς γάρ τις ἔκειτο Il.7.156

;

ἐκ πολλοῦ τευ χρόνου Hdt. 2.58

.

9 with Pronominal words, ἀλλά τί μοι τόδε θυμὸς.. μερμηρίζει something, namely this, Od.20.38, cf. 380; οἷός τις what sort of a man, Il.5.638 (dub. l.), cf. Od.9.348, 20.377, Pl.Prt. 313a, etc.;

ποῖός τις S.Ant.42

, OC 1163, Hdt.3.34, X.An.7.6.24, etc.;

ὁποῖός τις Id.Cyr.2.2.2

, al.;

εὐτυχίη τις τοιήδε Hdt.3.139

, cf. X.Mem.1.1.1, etc.;

τοιοῦτός τις Id.An.5.8.7

.

10 with the Article,

a when a noun with the Art. is in appos. with τις, as ὅταν δ' ὁ κύριος παρῇ τις when the person in authority, whoever he be, is here, S.OC 289; τοὺς αὐτοέντας.. τιμωρεῖν τινας (v.l. τινα) Id.OT 107.

b in Philosophic writers, τις is added to the Art. to show that the Art. is used to denote a particular individual who is not specified in the general formula, although he would be in the particular case, ὁ τὶς ἄνθρωπος the individual man (whoever he may be), this or that man, opp. ἄνθρωπος (man in general), ὁ τὶς ἵππος, ἡ τὶς γραμματική, Arist.Cat. 1b4, 8; τὸ τὶ μέγεθος, opp. ὅλως τὸ μέγεθος, Id.Pol. 1283a4, cf. S.E.P.2.223; but in

ἑνὸς γὰρ τό γε τὶ φήσεις σημεῖον εἶναι Pl.Sph. 237d

, the Art. is used as in Il. cc. s.v. ὁ, ἡ

, τό B.1.5

: later ὅ τις (or ὁ τὶς ) much like ὁ δεῖνα, δεῦρο ὅ τις θεός, ὄφθητί μοι in a general formula of invocation, PMag.Par.1.236; αἴρω σε, ἥ τις βοτάνη ib.287; εἰς τήν τινα κρείαν (leg. χρείαν) ib.289.

c freq. in opposed clauses,

ὁ μέν τις.., ὁ δὲ.. E.Med. 1141

, Hec. 624, Pl.Phd. 99b, etc.;

ὁ μέν τις.., ἄλλος δὲ.. E.IT 1407

;

ὁ μὲν.., ὁ δέ τις.. X.Cyr.1.4.15

: pl.,

οἱ μέν τινες.., οἱ δὲ.. Hdt.1.127

, cf. Th.2.91;

οἱ μέν τινες.., οἱ δὲ.., οἱ δέ τινες X.Cyr.3.2.10

, etc.; οἱ μὲν.., οἱ δέ τινες.. ib.6.1.26, etc.: also combined with other alternative words,

ὁ μέν τις.., ὁ δέ τις.., ἕτερος δέ τις.. Id.Smp.2.6

; ὁ μὲν.., ἕτερος δέ τις.., ὁ δὲ.. , etc., Ar. Pl. 162 sq.: also in neut.,

τὸ μέν τι.., τὸ δέ τι.. Pl.Ep. 358a

;

τὸ μέν τι.., τὸ δὲ.. Hdt.3.40

; in adverb. sense, τὸ μὲν.., τὸ δέ τι.. partly.., partly.., Plb.1.73.4; and τι remains unaltered even when the Art. is pl.,

τὰ μέν τι μαχόμενοι, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἀναπαυόμενοι X.An.4.1.14

, cf. HG7.1.46; also τὸ δέ τι.. but in some measure.., without τὸ μέν preceding, Th.1.107, cf. 118, 7.48.

d later τις is used as in b supr. but without the Art., γράψον.. ὅτι τι καί τι εἴληφας that you have received such and such things, POxy.937.22 (iii A.D.); κληρονόμους καταλείπω τὴν θυγατέρα μού τινα καὶ τὸν σύντροφον αὐτῆς τινα καί τινα ib.1034.2 (ii A.D.); τίς τινι χαίρειν A to B greeting (in a draft letter), ib. 509 (ii A.D.).

II the neut. τι is used,

a collectively, ἦν τι καὶ ἐν ταῖς Συρακούσαις there was a party.., Th.7.48; so perh. τῶν ἄλλων οὔ πέρ τι πεφυγμένον ἐστ' Ἀφροδίτην, οὔτε θεῶν, οὔτ' ἀνθρώπων no class, h.Ven.34 (but masc. τις in h.Merc. 143).

b euphem. for something bad, v. supr. 3.

c joined with Verbs, somewhat, in any degree, at all,

ἦ ῥά τί μοι κεχολώσεαι Il.5.421

;

παρεθάρρυνέ τι αὐτούς X.HG6.4.7

, etc.: with Adjs. or Adverbs, οὕτω δή τι ἰσχυραί, οὕτω δή τι πολύγονον, etc., Hdt.3.12, 108, cf. 4.52; so also

ὀλίγον τι ἧσσον Od.15.365

;

οὐδέ τι μᾶλλον Hdt.6.123

, etc.;

ἧσσόν τι Th.3.75

, etc.; οὐ πάνυ τι, πολύ τι, σχεδόν τι, v. πάνυ 1.3,

πολύς 111.1a

, 2a, σχεδόν IV; also in conjunction with

οὐδέν, μηδέν, οὐδέν τι πάντως Hdt.6.3

; οὐδέν, μηδέν τι μᾶλλον, E.Alc. 522, S.Aj. 280;

μηδέν τι λίαν E.Andr. 1234

:—also καί τι καὶ.. ὑποψίᾳ in part also from suspicion, Th.1.107;

καί πού τι καί Pi.O.1.28

.

12 τίς τε freq. in Hom.,

ὡς ὅτε τίς τε Il.3.33

, 4.141, v. τε B.

13 ἤ τις ἢ οὐδείς few or none, next to none, Hdt.3.140, X.Cyr.7.5.45, D.C.47.5, 48.4; ἤ τι ἢ οὐδέν little or nothing, Pl.Ap. 17b;

ἢ οὐδεὶς ἤ τις D.C.41.62

(s. v.l.).

14 τις is pleonast. in such phrases as οὐδέν τι or μηδέν τι, v. supr. 11c.

b repeated in successive clauses,

ὅσα λέγει τις ἢ πράσσειτις ἢψέγειν ἔχει S.Ant. 689

;

εἴ τις δύο ἢ καὶ πλέους τις ἡμέρας λογίζεται Id.Tr. 944

(where however κἄτι πλείους is prob. cj.), cf. E.Or. 1218 (whereas τις is sts. omitted in the first clause,

οὔτε φωνὴν οὔτε του μορφὴν βροτῶν A.Pr.21

, cf. S.Tr.3): but in E.Andr. 734, ἔστι γάρ τις οὐ πρόσω.. πόλις τις, the repetition is pleonastic, as also in A.Supp.57 sq. (lyr., s. v.l.).

15 τις is sts. omitted, οὐδέ κεν ἔνθα τεόν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρας ὄνοιτο (sc. τις) Il.13.287; ὡς δ' ἐν ὀνείρῳ οὐ δύναται (sc. τις)

φεύγοντα διώκειν 22.199

, cf. S.OC 1226 (lyr.), Leg.Gort.2.2, X.Smp.5.2, Pl.Grg. 456d: τις must often be supplied from what goes before, ib. 478c, Prt. 319d.

b sts. also τις is omitted before a gen. case which must depend upon it, as

ἢ [τις] τᾶς ἀσώτου Σισυφιδᾶν γενεᾶς S.Aj. 189

(lyr.); ἢν γαμῇ ποτ' αὐτὸς ἢ [τις]

τῶν ξυγγενῶν Ar.Nu. 1128

;

ἐν τῶν πόλεων IG12.56.14

.--Cf. ὅστις, οὔτις, μήτις, ἄλλο τι.

III Accentuation and position of τις:

1 accentuation: τις is normally enclitic, but in certain uses is orthotone, i.e. theoretically oxytone (τίς, τινά, τινές, τινῶν, etc., cf. Choerob. in Theod.1.373 H.) and barytone when followed by another word ( τὶς or τις, τινὰ, τινὲς, τινῶν, etc.). According to Sch. D.T.p.240 H. its orthotone accent is τίς (not τὶς) , τίνα, τίνες, etc. The orthotone form is used in codd.:

a at the beginning of a sentence, τίς ἔνδον.. ; is any one within? A.Ch. 654 ( τὶς cj. Hermann); τί φημι; = λέγω τι; am I saying anything? S.Tr. 865, OT 1471; <τίς ἦλθε;> ἦλθέ τις has anybody come? Somebody has come, Sch.D.T. l.c.; τὶς κάθηται, τὶς περιπατεῖ, so and so is sitting (walking), S.E.M.8.97; τὶς αἰπόλος καλούμενος Κομάτας Sch.Theoc.7.78;

τίς ποτε οἰκοδεσπότης.. ἐκοπία Aesop.

in Gloss. iii p.41; or after a pause,

πῶς γὰρ ἄν, ἔφην ἐγώ, ὦ βέλτιστε, τὶς ἀποκρίναιτο Pl.R. 337e

; τι οὖν ([etym.] τὶς ἂν εἴποι) ταῦτα λέγεις; D.1.14 (v.l.);

ἔντοσθεν δὲ γυνά, τι θεῶν δαίδαλμα Theoc.1.32

;

οὐ γυμνὸν τὸ φίλαμα, τι δ' ὦ ξένε καὶ πλέον ἑξεῖς Mosch.1.5

(v.l. for τὺ).

b when τις is opp. to another τις or to some other word,

τισὶ μὲν συμφέρει, τισὶ δ' οὐ συμφέρει Arist.Pol. 1284b40

, cf. Th.2.92, Pl.Cri. 49a, D. 9.2;

τινὲς μὲν οὖν.., ἡμεῖς δὲ.. Sor.1.1

;

τὸ τὶ μὲν ψεῦδος ἔχον, τὶ δὲ ἀληθές S.E.M.8.127

;

ἀλλὰ τινὰ μὲν.., τινὰ δὲ.. Gem.14.6

;

ποτὲ μὲν πρὸς πάντα, ποτὲ δὲ πρὸς τινά Sor.1.48

: without such opposition, τοῦτ' εἰς ἀνίαν τοὔπος ἔρχεται τινί for a certain person, S.Aj. 1138. Codd. are not consistent; in signf.11.5a, 10c, 13 they make it enclitic; in signf. 11.5b sts. enclitic, sts. orthotone (v. supr.); sts. enclitic and orthotone in the same sentence,

πάντα δὲ τὰ γιγνόμενα ὑπό τέ τινος γίγνεται καὶ ἔκ τινος καὶ τί Arist.Metaph. 1032a14

, cf. Pl.Chrm. 165c.

2 position:

a τις is rarely first word in the sentence, and rarely follows a pause (v. supr. 111.1a, b); it may stand second word,

ἔσκε τις ἐνθάδε μάντις ἀνήρ Od.9.508

, cf. Il.8.515, 23.331; but in general its position is not far before or after the word to which it belongs in sense,

ἀλλ' ἄγε δή τινα μάντιν ἐρείομεν 1.62

;

φυλακὴ δέ τις ἔμπεδος ἔστω 8.521

.

b in [dialect] Ion. Prose it sts. stands between its genitive and the Article of that genitive,

τῶν τις Περσέων Hdt.1.85

;

τῶν τις ἱρέων Id.2.38

;

τῶν τινες Φοινίκων Id.8.90

;

ἐς τῶν τι ἄλλο στομάτων τοῦ Νείλου Id.2.179

; so also in late Prose, Ath.3.108d, Eust.1402.18, 1659.27, 1676.1.

c it stands between the Art. and Subst. in signf.11.10b.

d τίς τι is the correct order, not τί τις, IG12.110.46, Th.7.10, X.An.4.1.14 (codd. dett.), D.22.22, etc.

e whereas in [dialect] Att. the order ἐάν τις is compulsory, in [dialect] Dor. the usual order is αἴ τίς κα, Leg.Gort.9.43, al., Tab.Heracl.1.105, al. (but

αἴ κά τις Epich.35

, 159;

αἰ δέ κα μή τις Leg.Gort.5.13

): later [dialect] Dor.

εἴ τί κα GDI2101.3

, al.; καἴ τι ἂν ( = καὶ εἴ τι ἂν) IG5(1).1390.50 (Andania, i B.C., v. infr. B.11.1b):—this [dialect] Dor. order influenced the Koine, as in the rare

εἴ τις ἂν Plu.TG15

.

ἀντᾰκολούθ-ησις, εως, ἡ,

A reciprocal implication, of the virtues, Stoic.3.76, Procl.in Alc.p.319C.

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `icy cold, frost' (Hes. Op. 494, A. in lyr., Arist., Jul.).

Derivatives: κρυόεις `horrible, lugubrious' (Il., Hes., Pi.), `icy-cold' (A. R., AP, Orph.) with analogical - ο- (cf. also Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28); s. also ὀκρυόεις; κρυώδης `id.' (Plu., Poll.); further perh. κρυερός `horrible, lugubrious' (Hom., Hes., Ar. in lyr.), `icy-cold' (Simon., Ar. in lyr.); cf. below. - Beside κρύος there are as independent formations: 1. κρῡμός m. `icy cold, frost, horror' (Ion., trag., hell.) with κρυμώδης `icy-cold' (Hp., Ph., AP), κρυμαλέος `id.' (S. E.; Debrunner IF 23, 22, Chantraine Formation 254), κρυμ-αίνω `make cold' (Hdn.), - ώσσω `be rigid from cold' (Theognost.). -- 2. κρύσταλλος s.v.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: The wordgroup has cognates in diff. languages. On κρύσταλλος, which is Pre-Greek, s.v. The word is sonnected (Chantraine Formation 247, Schwyzer 484) with Lat. crusta `bark, crust'. However, this is wrong as the Latin word has a quite different meaning: `the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark' which protects it' (Lewis and Short); so it has nothing to do with cold; it is used of flumen, indicating a covering or crust of ice, but this is an incidental use, a metaphor, not the central aspect of the meaning. The word, then, has nothing to do with words for `cold, ice'. (Its etymology with κρύος must therefore be given up; there is no other proposal.) Further one connects Toch. B krost, A kuraś etc. `cold' (Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 155 f.), but the -o- is difficult. One assumed for crusta the zero grade of an s-stem (so this is now wrong or irrelevant); beside it one proposed a full grade of the suffix in IE. *kruu̯-es- (?), Gr. κρύ-ος and in Latv. kruv-es-is `frozen mud'. Now *kruu̯-es- is not an admitted IE formation. It may have been * kruh₁-es-. [Not, with Frisk, to the word for `blood' Lat. cruōr \< * kreuh₂-ōs, Gr. κρέ(Ϝ)ας \< *kreu̯h₂-s-, s. v.] - With κρῡμός agrees Av. xrū-ma- `horrible'; but this word is analysed as * kruh₂-mo- and connected with the group of `blood' (above). One compared κρύος: κρῦμός with θύος: θῡμός, but the implication is not clear. The often assumed basic forms *κρύσ-ος, *κρυσ-μός are improbable (Frisk; does Chantraine accept this?) - κρυερός reminds of Skt. krūrá-, Av. xrūra- `wounded, raw, bloody, horrible', which points to * kruH-ro- (and Lat. crūdus `raw', if from * crūrus). κρυερός may have been rebuilt after the adj. in - ερός, but it can as well be an independent derivation from κρύος; cf. Bloch Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 23 n. 22. It might continue * kruh₁-er- (reconstructed above). Chantraine rejects the connection with `blood', as it would not fit semantically (but I think it fits very well) or formally. - A verbal * kreus- appears in Germanic, e.g. OWNo. *hrjósa, pret. hraus `shiver' with the zero grade verbal noun OHG hroso, -a `ice, crust'. On OIc. hrjósa see De Vries Wb., who denies that it has to do with cold or ice. - [Kluge<sup>22</sup> s.v. Kruste derives it from `verkrustetes Blut', which must be wrong, s. above.].

Page in Frisk: 2,28-29

βούλομαι 2 sg. βούλει (B-D-F §27; Mayser 328) beside Att. βούλῃ (Lk 22:42 v.l.; Hs 9, 11, 9 v.l.); impf. ἐβουλόμην (on the augment s. B-D-F §66, 3; Rob. 368; W-S. §12, 3), also ἠβούλετο (Hs 5, 6, 5); fut. βουλήσεται Job 39:9; 1 aor. ἐβουλήθην; ἠβουλήθην 2J 12 v.l. (MPol 7:1; AcPt Ox 849); pf. inf. βεβουλῆσθαι Just., D. 23, 1. (Hom.+) ‘wish, be willing’ (no longer difft. in mng. fr. θέλω: B-D-F §101 s.v. θέλειν, but cp. Epict. 1, 12, 13; s. RRödiger, Glotta 8, 1917, 1ff; WFox, PhilolWoch 37, 1917, 597ff; 633ff; FZucker, Gnomon 9, ’33, 191–201; GSchrenk, TW I 628–31; AWifstrand, D. griech. Verba für wollen: Eranos 40, ’42, 16–36).

① to desire to have or experience someth., with implication of planning accordingly, wish, want, desire w. inf. foll. (Jos., Ant. 5, 280) ἐβουλόμην ἀκοῦσαι I should like to hear Ac 25:22 (B-D-F §359, 2; Rob. 1055f; cp. Dionys. Hal., De Dem. 42 p. 1087 ἐβουλόμην ἔτι πλείω παρασχέσθαι παραδείγματα). ὸ̔ν ἐβουλόμην πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν κατέχειν (on the analogy of θέλω w. inf.=opt. w. ἄν) whom I would have been glad to keep with me Phlm 13. οἱ βουλόμενοι πλουτεῖν those who desire to be rich 1 Ti 6:9; πλέον ἔχειν βούλεσθαι desire to have more Dg 10:5.—Js 4:4. W. a thing as obj. in the acc. Hm 12, 5, 4; Hs 5, 6, 5; 6, 5, 3; β. τὸν θάνατον τοῦ ἁμαρτωλοῦ desire the death of the sinner 1 Cl 8:2 (Ezk 33:11); β. εἰρήνην wish for peace 15:1; αἷμα ταύρων … οὐ βούλομαι I do not desire B 2:5 (Is 1:11); νηστείαν β. Hs 5, 1, 4; ὅσον ἂν βούλωνται as much as they wished of food and drink MPol 7:2. φέρε, ὸ̔ βούλει Come, do what ( ever) you wish MPol 11:2; λέγει, φησίν, ὸ̔ βούλει Hm 12, 5, 1.

② to plan on a course of action, intend, plan, will

ⓐ of human beings

α. w. acc. τοῦτο β. 2 Cor 1:17.

β. w. aor. inf. foll. Mt 1:19; Mk 15:15; Ac 5:28, 33; 12:4; 15:37; 17:20; 18:27; 19:30; 22:30; 23:28; 27:43; 28:18; 2 Cor 1:15; 1 Cl 7:5; IRo 7:1; GPt 1:1 (ASyn. 341, 20); MPol 3:1 end.

γ. w. pres. inf. foll. Ac 18:15; εἰ βούλοιτο πορεύεσθαι whether he was willing to go 25:20; β. φιλοπονεῖν 2 Cl 19:1; β. πιστεύειν Dg 9:6; β. πείθειν MPol 3:1; β. μένειν 5:1.

δ. foll. by acc. and inf. (Jos., Ant. 14, 233 βούλομαι ὑμᾶς εἰδέναι; 246) γινώσκειν ὑμᾶς βούλομαι I want you to know Phil 1:12.—1 Ti 2:8; 5:14; Tit 3:8; Jd 5; 1 Cl 39:1; AcPl Ha 1, 14 (restored).

ε. w. aor. subj. foll., in which case β. introduces a deliberative question βούλεσθε ἀπολύσω ὑμῖν; shall I release to you? J 18:39 (B-D-F §366, 3; Rob. 935).

ζ. w. omission of the inf. which is to be supplied fr. the context ὅπου ἡ ὁρμὴ … βούλεται (sc. μετάγειν) Js 3:4. τοὺς βουλομένους (sc. ἐπιδέχεσθαι) κωλύει 3J 10. οὐκ ἐβουλήθην (sc. γράφειν) 2J 12.—1 Cl 54:2; 2 Cl 13:2; MPol 7:1; Dg 11:7. καθὼς βούλεται as he (it) wills Hm 5, 1, 3; cp. 11:2, 9; 12, 1, 1; 12, 2, 5; Hs 6, 5, 2; 9, 11, 9; cp. ὡς ἐβουλόμεθα Dg 9:1. εἴ τι βούλει (sc. εἰπεῖν) Hs 5, 5, 5. εἰ ἄρα βούλει if you so desire AcPt Ox 849, 6f.

ⓑ of transcendent beings. Of God (though θέλω is more common in ref. to deity, s. BGildersleeve, Pindar, 1885, p. 245 and also θέλω 2; βούλομαι is the more common administrative term, s. Welles, index) (Dio Chrys. 28 [45], 15 βουλομένων θεῶν; Ael. Aristid. 50, 1 K.=26 p. 502 D.; BGU 248, 11 [I A.D.] θεῶν δὲ βουλομένων; 249, 13; Herm. Wr. 13, 21; LXX; Jos., Ant. 9, 189) abs. Lk 22:42. ἃ βούλομαι 2 Cl 13:2. βουληθεὶς ἀπεκύησεν ἡμᾶς λόγῳ ἀληθείας acc. to his will he brought us into being through the word of truth Js 1:18. W. aor. inf. foll. Hb 6:17; 1 Cl 16:10, 12 (Is 53:10); AcPlCor 2:10, 12. Foll. by acc. w. inf. 2 Pt 3:9; 1 Cl 8:5.—Of Jesus Mt 11:27; Lk 10:22.—Of the Holy Spirit 1 Cor 12:11.—Of the day of the Lord GJs 17:1.—B. 1160. Schmidt, Syn. III 602–20. DELG. M-M. TW.

διαθήκη, ης, ἡ (Democr., Aristoph.+; ins, pap, LXX, En, TestSol, TestAbr, Test12Patr; ParJer 6:21; ApcEsdr, ApcMos; AssMos Fgm. a; Philo, Joseph., Just.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 14) apart from the simplex θήκη ‘case, chest’, for the mng. of this word one must begin with the mid. form of the verb διατίθεμαι, which is freq. used in legal and commercial discourse of disposition of things (s. L-S-J-M s.v. διατιθημι B), w. implication of promissory obligation. Disposition of one’s personal effects would naturally come under testamentary law, hence

① last will and testament (so exclusively in Hellenistic times, Eger [s. 3 below] 99 note; exx. e.g. in Riggenbach 292ff; Behm 10, 1; 2; Philo, Joseph., Test12Patr; loanw. in rabb.) Hb 9:16f; δ. κεκυρωμένη a will that has been ratified Gal 3:15; cp. 17, where δ. shades into mng. 2 (s. κυρόω 1, προκυρόω); s. also EBammel, below, and JSwetnam, CBQ 27, ’65, 373–90. On Jewish perspective s. RKatzoff, An Interpretation of PYadin 19—A Jewish Gift after Death: ProcXXCongPap 562–65.

② As a transl. of בְּרִית in LXX δ. retains the component of legal disposition of personal goods while omitting that of the anticipated death of a testator. A Hellenistic reader would experience no confusion, for it was a foregone conclusion that gods were immortal. Hence a δ. decreed by God cannot require the death of the testator to make it operative. Nevertheless, another essential characteristic of a testament is retained, namely that it is the declaration of one person’s initiative, not the result of an agreement betw. two parties, like a compact or a contract. This is beyond doubt one of the main reasons why the LXX rendered בְּרִית by δ. In the ‘covenants’ of God, it was God alone who set the conditions; hence covenant (s. OED s.v. ‘covenant’ sb. 7) can be used to trans. δ. only when this is kept in mind. So δ. acquires a mng. in LXX which cannot be paralleled w. certainty in extra-Biblical sources, namely ‘decree’, ‘declaration of purpose’, ‘set of regulations’, etc. Our lit., which is very strongly influenced by LXX in this area, seems as a rule to have understood the word in these senses (JHughes, NovT 21, ’79, 27–96 [also Hb 9:16–20; Gal 3:15–17]). God has issued a declaration of his purpose Ro 11:27 (Is 59:21); 1 Cl 15:4 (Ps 77:37); 35:7 (Ps 49:16), which God bears in mind (cp. Ps 104:8f; 105:45 al.) Lk 1:72; it goes back to ancestral days Ac 3:25 (PsSol 9:10; ParJer 6:21). God also issued an ordinance (of circumcision) 7:8 (cp. Gen 17:10ff). Since God’s holy will was set forth on more than one occasion (Gen 6:18; 9:9ff; 15:18; 17:2ff; Ex 19:5 and oft.), one may speak of διαθῆκαι decrees, assurances (cp. διαθῆκαι πατέρων Wsd 18:22; 2 Macc 8:15.—But the pl. is also used for a single testament: Diog. L. 4, 44; 5, 16. In quoting or referring to Theophr. sometimes the sing. [Diog. L. 5, 52; 56] is used, sometimes the pl. [5, 51; 57]) Ro 9:4; Eph 2:12. Much emphasis is laid on the δ. καινή, mentioned as early as Jer 38:31, which God planned for future disposition (Hb 8:8–10; 10:16). God’s decree or covenant directed toward the Christians is a καινὴ δ. (δ. δευτέρα Orig., C. Cels. 2, 75) Lk 22:20; 1 Cor 11:25; 2 Cor 3:6; Hb 8:8; 9:15a; PtK 2 p. 15, 5, or δ. νέα Hb 12:24; PtK 2 p. 15, 6 which, as a δ. αἰώνιος (cp. Jer 39:40; En 99:2) Hb 13:20, far excels 7:22; 8:6 the παλαιὰ δ. 2 Cor 3:14, or πρώτη δ. Hb 9:15b, with which it is contrasted. Both are mentioned (Did., Gen. 46, 4; 235, 26) Gal 4:24; B 4:6ff (Ex 34:28; 31:18; Just., D. 67, 9). Blood was shed when the old covenant was proclaimed at Sinai Hb 9:20 (Ex 24:8); the same is true of the new covenant Hb 10:29. τὸ αἷμά μου τ. διαθήκης Mt 26:28; Mk 14:24 (ELohse, Märtyrer u. Gottesknecht², ’63, 122–29) is prob. to be understood in connection w. this blood (s. WWrede, ZNW 1, 1900, 69–74; TRobinson, My Blood of the Covenant: KMarti Festschr. 1925, 232–37; for a critique of this view s. GWalther, Jesus, D. Passalamm des Neuen Bundes, ’50, 22–27 and JJeremias TLZ, ’51, 547. For Syriac background JEmerton, JTS 13, ’62, 111–17; s. also ÉDelebrecque, Études grecques sur l’vangile de Luc ’76, 109–21).—The v.l. Lk 22:29 may be derived from Jer 39:40 or Is 55:3 LXX (for the cognate acc. s. Aristoph., Aves 440).—δ. may also be transl. decree in the Ep. of Barnabas (4:6ff; 6:19; 9:6; 13:1, 6; 14:1ff δ. δοῦναί τινι); but the freq. occurrence of the idea of inheritance (6:19; 13:1, 6; 14:4f), makes it likely that the ‘decree’ is to be thought of as part of a will.

③ The mng. compact, contract seems firmly established for Gr-Rom. times (FNorton, A Lexicographical and Historical Study of Διαθήκη, Chicago 1908, 31ff; EBruck, D. Schenkung auf d. Todesfall im griech. u. röm. Recht I 1909, 115ff; JWackernagel, D. Kultur d. Gegenw. I 8² 1907, 309). It remains doubtful whether this mng. has influenced our lit. here and there (exc. quite prob. Lk 22:29 v.l. with its administrative tenor; the phrase διατίθεμαι δ. as Aristoph., Av. 440 of a treaty agreement), but the usage of the term δ. in such sense would again serve as a bridge to LXX usage.—The expr. ἡ κιβωτὸς τ. διαθήκης covenant chest i.e. the sacred box (Eng. ‘ark’ as loanw. from Lat. arca) that symbolized God’s pledge of presence w. Israel (Ex 31:7; 39:14 al.) Hb 9:4; Rv 11:19 or αἱ πλάκες τ. διαθ. (Ex 34:28; Dt 9:9, 11) Hb 9:4 would have required some acquaintance with Israelite tradition on the part of ancient readers.—ERiggenbach, D. Begriff d. Διαθήκη im Hb: Theol. Stud. f. TZahn 1908, 289ff, Hb² 1922, 205ff al.; ACarr, Covenant or Testament?: Exp. 7th ser., 7, 1909, 347ff; JBehm, D. Begriff D. im NT 1912; ELohmeyer, Diatheke 1913; WFerguson, Legal Terms Common to the Macedonian Inscr. and the NT, 1913, 42–46 (testamentary exhibits); HKennedy, Exp. 8th ser., 10, 1915, 385ff; GVos, Hebrews, the Epistle of the Diatheke: PTR 13, 1915, 587–632; 14, 1916, 1–61; OEger, ZNW 18, 1918, 84–108; EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 496–505; LdaFonseca, Διαθήκη foedus an testamentum?: Biblica 8, 1927; 9, 1928; EBammel, Gottes διαθήκη (Gal 3:15–17) u. d. jüd. Rechtsdenken, NTS 6, ’60, 313–19; NDow, A Select Bibliography on the Concept of Covenant, Austin Seminary Bulletin 78, 6, ’63; CRoetzel, Biblica 51, ’70, 377–90 (Ro 9:4); DMcCarthy, Berit and Covenant (Deut.), ’72, 65–85; EChristiansen, The Covenant in Judaism and Paul ’95.—DELG s.v. θήκη. M-M. TW. Sv.

διατηρέω impf. διετήρουν; fut. διατηρήσω; 1 aor. διετήρησα. Pass. 1 aor. διετηρήθην ; pf. ptc. διατετηρημένος (all LXX) (Pla. et al.; ins [e.g. OGI 229, 16 al.; SEG XXVIII, 1540, 18: 62/61 B.C.]; pap, LXX; TestDan 6:8; TestAsh 6:3; JosAs 13:12; EpArist; Philo, Aet. M. 35; Jos., Ant. 6, 101; 10, 42) gener. of careful watching.

① to keep someth. mentally with implication of duration, keep τὰ ῥήματα ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ treasure the words in the heart Lk 2:51 (=συνετήρει 2:19; cp. Gen 37:11; Da 7:28 Theod. v.l.); βουλήν keep counsel Dg 8:10 (cp. Diod S 4, 16, 3 ὅρκον διετήρησε; EpArist 206 τ. ἀλήθειαν; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 210).

② to keep oneself from doing something, keep free of δ. ἑαυτὸν ἔκ τινος keep oneself free fr. someth. Ac 15:29 (cp. Pr 21:23; TestDan 6:8 ἑαυτοὺς ἀπό).—DELG s.v. τηρέω. M-M. New Docs 3, 65. TW.

εἰσακούω fut. εἰσακούσομαι; 1 aor. εἰσήκουσα; pf. εἰσακήκοα. Pass. 1 fut. εἰσακουσθήσομαι; 1 aor. εἰσηκούσθην (s. ἀκούω; Hom. et al.; SEG VIII, 551, 35; 715, 14; LXX; PsSol 6:5; TestSol 1:1 C; TestAbr A; JosAs 15:2 cod. A; ParJer 7:32; ApcMos, GrBar 16:4; Just., D. 28, 2; 72:1 [unknown quot.]; cp. D 14, 4; 37, 4; 64, 4f; ἐπ-LXX) gener. ‘listen to’

① to obey on the basis of having listened carefully, obey (Soph., Thu. et al.; PSI 377, 20; Dt 1:43; 9:23; Sir 3:6; 39:13) τινός 1 Cor 14:21; 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:19f).

② to listen, with implication of heeding and responding, hear (oft. LXX of God listening to petitions)

ⓐ w. ref. to the pers. making the request (Quint. Smyrn. 12, 154 the deity hears [w. gen. as Just.]) 1 Cl 22:7 (Ps 33:18); 57:5 (Pr 1:28). Pass. Mt 6:7; Hb 5:7 (s. ἀπό 5a).

ⓑ w. ref. to a prayer (Ps 4:2; Bar 2:14; Sir 34:26; Ps 6:5; PsSol 6:5; Jos., Ant. 1, 190; TestLevi 4:2) Lk 1:13 (cp. Sir 51:11); Ac 10:31; GJs 20:3 (v.l. ἐπ-).—CCox, Biblica 62, ’81, 251–58 usage in Gk. Psalter.—M-M.

εὐγλωττία, ας, ἡ (s. γλῶσσα; Eur. et al; Maximus Tyr. 25, 2d) smoothness of tongue, with implication of ingratiating manner, glibness, fluency of speech Ro 16:18 v.l. (on this rdg. JNorth, NTS 42, ’96, 600f; cp. εὐλογία).—DELG s.v. γλῶχε.

εὐκόλως adv. (opp. δυσκόλως; since X., Mem. 4, 8, 2; Herm. Wr. 13, 16; PCairMasp 2 III, 23; 4, 19) pert. to being easy, with implication of causing no imposition, easily Hm 12, 3, 5 v.l. (for εὐκόπως).—DELG s.v. κόλον.

① rendering of service, with implication of being generally recognized as laudable, well-doing (Epict. in Stob., Fgm. 45 Schenkl; Arrian, Anab. 7, 28, 3; Polyaenus, Exc. 1 τῶν πλησίον; Lucian, Abdic. 25; Diog. L. 10, 10; in public documents in ref. to exceptional public service InsPerg 333; IPriene 112, 19; 113, 76 [both in the form εὐποί̈α]; IG III, 1054; not approved by Pollux 5, 140) Hb 13:16.

② the content of well-doing, a good deed (Chion, Ep. 7, 3; Syntipas p. 24, 7; SEG XXVIII, 1217, 5; POxy 1773, 34; PLond III, 1244, 8 p. 244 [IV A.D.]; Philo, Mut. Nom. 24; Jos., Ant. 2, 261; 19, 356; Just., A II, 6, 2 [pl.]) IPol 7:3—S. on εὐεργετέω.—Larfeld I 494f. DELG s.v. ποιέω. New Docs 3, 68. M-M. Spicq.

εὐχαριστία, ας, ἡ (s. prec. entry; since Hippocr. Comp. II 87f. Ps.-Menand. Fgm. 693 Kock; ins; PLond III, 1178, 25 p. 216 [194 A.D.]; LXX; Philo, Joseph., Just., Did.).

① the quality of being grateful, with implication of appropriate attitude, thankfulness, gratitude (an important component of Gr-Rom. reciprocity; s. decrees of the Byzantines in Demosth. 18, 91 [s. εὐχαριστέω 1]; Polyb. 8, 12, 8; Diod S 17, 59, 7; OGI 227, 6; 199, 31 [I A.D.] ἔχω πρὸς τ. μέγιστον θεόν μου Ἄρην εὐχαριστίαν; BGU 1764, 21 [I B.C.]; 2 Macc 2:27; Esth 8:12d; Philo, Leg. All. 1, 84) μετὰ πάσης εὐ. (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 7, 46, 8) with all gratitude Ac 24:3.

② the expression or content of gratitude, the rendering of thanks, thanksgiving (SIG 798, 5 [c. 37 A.D.] εἰς εὐχαριστίαν τηλικούτου θεοῦ εὑρεῖν ἴσας ἀμοιβάς; Wsd 16:28; Sir 37:11; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 224; Jos., Ant. 1, 156; 2, 346; 3, 65; 4, 212) abs. Eph 5:4 (s. OCasel, BZ 18, 1929, 84f, who, after Origen, equates εὐχαριστία w. εὐχαριτία=‘the mark of fine training’). τῷ θεῷ toward God 2 Cor 9:11. μετὰ εὐχαριστίας with thanksgiving (Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 144) Phil 4:6; 1 Ti 4:3f; ἐν εὐ. Col 4:2. περισσεύειν ἐν εὐ. overflow w. thanksg. 2:7; περισσεύειν τὴν εὐ. increase the thanksg. 2 Cor 4:15. εὐχαριστίαν τῷ θεῷ ἀνταποδοῦναι περὶ ὑμῶν render thanks to God for you 1 Th 3:9. Also εὐ. διδόναι (Theodor. Prodr. 8, 414 H. θεοῖς) Rv 4:9. Esp. prayer of thanksgiving (Herm. Wr. 1, 29) 1 Cor 14:16; Rv 7:12. Pl. 2 Cor 9:12; 1 Ti 2:1.

③ the observance and elements of the Eucharist, Lord’s Supper, Eucharist ποτήριον τῆς εὐχ. 1 Cor 10:16 v.l.—D 9:1, 5 JClabeaux, in: Prayers fr. Alexander to Constantine, ed. MKiley, ’97, 260–66; IEph 13:1; IPhld 4; ISm 8:1. W. προσευχή 7:1. Cp. Just., A I, 65, 3; 66, 1; Orig., C. Cels. 57, 20; RKnopf, Hdb. on D 9:1.—JRéville, Les origines de l’Eucharistie 1908; MGoguel, L’Euch. des origines à Justin mart. 1909; FWieland, D. vorirenäische Opferbegriff 1909; GLoeschcke, Zur Frage nach der Einsetzung u. Herkunft der Eucharistie: ZWT 54, 1912, 193–205; ALoisy, Les origines de la Cène euch.: Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. I 1928, 77–95. GMacGregor, Eucharistic Origins 1929; KGoetz, D. Ursprung d. kirchl. Abendmahls 1929; HHuber, D. Herrenmahl im NT, diss. Bern 1929; WGoossens, Les origines de l’Euch. ’31; RHupfeld, D. Abendmahlsfeier, ihr ursprüngl. Sinn usw., ’35; JJeremias, D. Abendmahlsworte Jesu ’35, ²’49, ³’60 (Eng. tr., The Eucharistic Words of Jesus, AEhrhardt ’55; s. also KKuhn, TLZ 75, ’50, 399–408), D. paul. Abdm.—eine Opferdarbietung?: StKr 108, ’37, 124–41; AArnold, D. Ursprung d. Chr. Abdmahls ’37, ²’39; LPoot, Het oudchristelijk Avondmaal ’36; ELohmeyer, D. Abdm. in d. Urgem.: JBL 56, ’37, 217–52; EKäsemann, D. Abdm. im NT: Abdm. gemeinschaft? ’37, 60–93; HSasse, D. Abdm. im NT: V. Sakr. d. Altars ’41, 26–78; EGaugler, D. Abdm. im NT ’43; NJohansson, Det urkristna nattvardsfirandet ’44; ESchweizer, D. Abdm. eine Vergegenwärtigung des Todes Jesu od. e. eschatalogisches Freudenmahl?: TZ 2, ’46, 81–101; TPreiss, TZ 4, ’48, 81–101 (Eng. tr., Was the Last Supper a Paschal Meal? in Life in Christ, chap. 5, ’54, 81–99); F-JLeenhardt, Le Sacrement de la Sainte Cène, ’48; GWalther, Jesus, das Passalamm des Neuen Bundes usw., ’50; RBultmann, Theol. of the NT (tr. KGrobel), ’51, I, 144–52; AHiggins, The Lord’s Supper in the NT, ’52; OCullmann, Early Christian Worship (transl. ATodd and JTorrance), ’53; HLessig, D. Abendmahlsprobleme im Lichte der NTlichen Forschung seit 1900, diss. Bonn, ’53; ESchweizer, TLZ 79, ’54, 577–92 (lit.); GBornkamm, Herrenmahl u. Kirche bei Paulus, NTS 2, ’55/56, 202–6; CMoule, The Judgment Theme in the Sacraments, in Background of the NT and Its Eschatology (CDodd Festschr.) ’56, 464–81; MBlack, The Arrest and Trial of Jesus and the Date of the Last Supper, in NT Essays (TManson memorial vol.) ’59, 19–33; PNeuenzeit, Das Herrenmahl, ’60; The Eucharist in the NT, five essays tr. fr. French by EStewart, ’64; EKilmartin, The Eucharist in the Primitive Church, ’65; BIersel, NovT 7, ’64/65, 167–94; HBraun, Qumran II, ’66, 29–54; JAudet, TU 73, ’59, 643–62; HSchürmann, D. Paschamahlbericht, ’53, D. Einsetzungsbericht, ’55, Jesu Abschiedsrede, ’57 (all Lk 22); HPatsch, Abendmahl u. Historischer Jesus, ’72; FHahn RGG⁴, I, 10–15 (NT); CMarkschies, ibid., 15–21 (early church). S. also the lit. on ἀγάπη 2.—M-M. TW.

εὐχερής, ές, gen. ους (s. χείρ; Soph., Hippocr. et al.; ins; UPZ 162 VIII, 13 [117 B.C.] εὐχερῶς; LXX).

① pert. to having a tendency or inclination to, with implication of feeling relatively free from restraint, easily inclined, prone, reckless (Demosth. 21, 103; Aristot., Metaph. 1025a, 2; PGM 4, 2504 εὐχερῶς; Philo, Somn. 1, 13; Jos., Vi. 167; Just., D. 20, 1 and 67, 8 πρός; A II, 2, 7 εὐχερῶς) ἐν καταλαλιᾷ prone to slander B 20:2.

② pert. to requiring little effort, easy εὐχερές ἐστιν w. inf. foll. it is easy (Batr. 62; SIG 674, 65; Jdth 7:10) ὑμῖν εὐχερές ἐστιν ποιῆσαι it is easy for you to do IRo 1:2.—DELG s.v. χείρ.

εὐψυχέω (s. ψυχή; BGU 1097, 15 [I A.D.] ἐγὼ εὐψυχοῦσα παραμένω; POxy 115, 1; Poll. 3, 28, 135; Jos., Ant. 11, 241) to be heartened, be glad, have courage Phil 2:19, with implication of release from anxiety; impv. εὐψύχει (on grave ins=‘farewell’: CIG 4467 and very oft. in Sb [II Allgem. Wörterliste p. 404]) have courage Hv 1, 3, 2.—DELG s.v. ψυχή. M-M. TW. Spicq.

ζηλόω (s. ζῆλος) fut. ζηλώσω Ezk 39:25 (TestReub 6:5 ζηλώσετε [-σατε v.l.]); 1 aor. ἐζήλωσα; pf. ἐζήλωκα LXX (-σα v.l.) (s. ζῆλος; Hom. Hymns, Hesiod et al.; ins, pap; Thu. 2, 64, 4 ‘emulate, vie with’; Tat. 25, 1 ζηλῶν … τὸν κύνα ‘emulating the dog [the Cynic]’).

① be positively and intensely interested in someth., strive, desire, exert oneself earnestly, be dedicated

ⓐ w. a thing as obj. τὶ (for) someth. (Eur., Hec. 255; Thu. 2, 37; Demosth. 20, 141; Polyb. 6, 25, 11 τὸ βέλτιον; Diod S 1, 95, 4; PSI 94, 9 ζηλοῖ τ. μάθησιν; Wsd 1:12; Sir 51:18 τὸ ἀγαθόν; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 261) ζ. τὰ χαρίσματα τὰ μείζονα strive for the more valuable spiritual gifts 1 Cor 12:31 (JSmit, NTS 39, ’93, 246–64 [ironical]). τὸ προφητεύειν 14:39. τὰ πνευματικά vs. 1 (where beside the acc. a ἵνα-clause depends on ζ.).

ⓑ w. a personal obj. τινά be deeply interested in someone, court someone’s favor, make much of, with implication of desiring the other to be on one’s own side (Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2 οἱ ζηλοῦντες ἐκείνους; Pr 23:17; 24:1; pass. Jos., C. Ap. 1, 225) Gal 4:17ab; 2 Cor 11:2. μηδέν με ζηλώσαι let nothing attract me (and turn me away fr. my purpose) IRo 5:3.—Abs. manifest zeal (Thu. 2, 64, 4) ζήλωσον take a stand, decide Rv 3:19 v.l. Laodicea is indecisive and is invited to show that the congregation is zealous about the Lord’s interests. Pass. καλὸν ζηλοῦσθαι ἐν καλῷ πάντοτε it is fine to be zealously courted at all times in what is fine Gal 4:18.

② to have intense negative feelings over another’s achievements or success, be filled w. jealousy, envy τινά toward someone (Hes., Op. 23; Hom. Hymns, Cer. 168; 223; Gen 26:14; 30:1; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 3 Jac.) τὸν Ἰωσήφ Ac 7:9 (cp. Gen 37:11). Abs. Ac 17:5; 1 Cor 13:4; Js 4:2; 2 Cl 4:3; AcPl Ha 2, 11; 6, 31.—M-M. TW.

ζημία, ας, ἡ (Epicharm. 148 [Doric ζαμία]; Soph., Hdt.+; loanw. in rabb. In Hdt., Thu. et al. usu. ‘punishment’) in our lit. only having to do with suffering the loss of someth., with implication of sustaining hardship or suffering, damage, disadvantage, loss, forfeit (Philo, Somn. 1, 124 al.; Jos., Ant. 4, 211) Hs 6, 3, 4. μετὰ πολλῆς ζ. τινός with heavy loss of someth. Ac 27:10; κερδῆσαι τὴν ζ. avoid, save oneself damage vs. 21. ἡγοῦμαί τι ζημίαν I consider someth. (a) loss (X., Mem. 2, 4, 3; cp. 2, 3, 2; Epict. 2, 10, 15; 3, 26, 25 [opp. κέρδος, as Lysias 7, 12; Pla., Leg. 835b al.]) Phil 3:8; cp. vs. 7.—B. 809. DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

ζημιόω fut. 3 pl. ζημιώσουσιν Dt 22:19; 1 aor. 3 sg. ἐζημίωσεν 1 Esdr 1:34. Pass.: 1 fut. ζημιωθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐζημιώθην, subj. ζημιωθῶ, ptc. ζημιωθείς (Eur., Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, Philo, Joseph., Test12Patr) gener. ‘to cause injury or inflict punishment’, in our lit. only pass.

① to experience the loss of someth., with implication of undergoing hardship or suffering, suffer damage/loss, forfeit, sustain injury (PFlor 142, 8 of a sale ὥστε μήτε τὸν πιπράσκοντα ζημιοῦσθαι; Pr 22:3) w. acc. τὶ suffer loss w. respect to someth., forfeit someth. (Thu. 3, 40, 3; Pla., Leg. 916e; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 143 τ. τιμήν; Jos., Ant. 11, 214; s. B-D-F §159, 2; Rob. 485) τὴν ψυχήν Mt 16:26; Mk 8:36; cp. Lk 9:25; 2 Cl 6:2. ἐν μηδενὶ ζ. ἔκ τινος in no way suffer loss through someone 2 Cor 7:9; permit oneself (permissive pass. Gildersleeve, Syntax I §167) to sustain loss w. acc. διʼ ὸ̔ν τὰ πάντα ἐζημιώθην for whose sake I forfeited everything Phil 3:8.

② be punished (Lysias 31, 26 al.; OGI 669, 40; PTebt 5, 92; Pr 19:19; Jos., Ant. 15, 16) 1 Cor 3:15.—DELG s.v. ζημία. M-M. TW. Spicq.

θεμιτός, ή, όν (θέμις ‘law as established by custom’; Hom. Hymns, Hdt. et al.; ins, pap; Jos., Bell. 6, 432) pert. to being appropriate or right, with implication that the thing so described is not a matter of codified law but unwritten procedure based on custom and awareness of the transcendent, allowed, permitted, right θεμιτόν ἐστιν it is right w. inf. foll. (Sext. Emp., Adv. Gramm. 81; SIG 965, 16f) 1 Cl 63:1. Mostly w. neg. (Hdt. 5, 72 al.; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 25 D.; Tob 2:13 BA; Philo, Op. M. 17 οὐ θ.; Jos., Ant. 14, 72) οὐ θ. it is not right (without copula as Hyperid. 6, 27; Just., D. 134, 3; Ath., R. 77, 29) Dg 6:10.—HVos, ΘΕΜΙΣ ’56; LfgrE col. 991 (lit.) s.v. θέμις. DDD 1613f. DELG s.v. θέμις.

καιρός, οῦ, ὁ (Hes.+; loanw. in rabb.)

① a point of time or period of time, time, period, freq. with implication of being esp. fit for someth. and without emphasis on precise chronology

ⓐ gener. (cp. Just., D. 32, 4 τὸν γὰρ καιρὸν [Da 7:26] ἑκατὸν ἔτη ἐξηγεῖσθε λέγεσθαι) κ. δεκτός a welcome time 2 Cor 6:2a (Is 49:8); cp. vs. 2b. καιροὶ χαλεποί difficult times 2 Ti 3:1. In ref. to times of crisis for the state λοιμικοῦ καιροῦ 1 Cl 55:1 (s. JFischer ad loc. note 322) καιροὶ καρποφόροι fruitful times or seasons (so Achmes 156, 15f: καρποφόρος is the καιρός in which the tree bears fruit, in contrast to late autumn, when there is no more) Ac 14:17 (OLagercrantz, ZNW 31, ’32, 86f proposes, on the basis of Mod. Gk., the mng., ‘weather’, but the pl. is against this mng.). καιροὶ ἐαρινοί 1 Cl 20:9.—ἔσται καιρὸς ὅτε there will come a time when 2 Ti 4:3; εἰς τίνα ἢ ποῖον κ. to what time or what sort of time (some, e.g. NRSV, interpret τίνα=the person, but cp. PTebt 25, 18 [117 B.C.] καὶ διὰ τίνος καὶ ἀπὸ ποίου ἐπιδείγματος; s. ποῖος 1aα, also ποτατός) 1 Pt 1:11. ἄχρι καιροῦ until (another) time, for a while Lk 4:13; Ac 13:11; ἐν καιρῷ ὀλίγῳ in a little time 1 Cl 23:4; ἐν παντὶ κ. at all times, always (Aristot. 117a, 35; Sir 26:4) Lk 21:36; Eph 6:18; Hm 5, 2, 3. κατὰ καιρόν from time to time, regularly (TestJob 36:4; Lucian, Hermot. 10; Plut., Mor. 984d) J 5:4 (s. 2 also); 1 Cl 24:2; GJs 3:3; πρὸς κ. for a limited time (perh. also for the present moment; cp. Strabo 6, 2, 3; Ps.-Plut., Fluv. 23; BGU 265, 20 [II A.D.]; 618, 19; 780, 14; Wsd 4:4; Philo, Post. Cai. 121; Jos., Bell. 6, 190; Tat. 13, 1) Lk 8:13; 1 Cor 7:5. πρὸς καιρὸν ὥρας (a combination of πρὸς κ. and πρὸς ὥραν [2 Cor 7:8; Gal 2:5; Phlm 15; J 5:35]) for a short time (cp. our ‘for a short space of time’) 1 Th 2:17.

ⓑ a moment or period as especially appropriate the right, proper, favorable time ἐν καιρῷ at the right time (X., An. 3, 1, 39; Diod S 36, 7, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 8 §29; SIG 1268 [Praecepta Delphica II, 6; III B.C.]) Mt 24:45; Lk 12:42 (cp. on both Ps 103:27, w. v.l.). καιρῷ (Thu. 4, 59, 3 v.l.; Diog. L. 1, 41) Lk 20:10 (v.l. ἐν κ.). τῷ καιρῷ Mk 12:2. ὁ καιρὸς ὁ ἐμός, ὁ καιρὸς ὁ ὑμέτερος the proper time for me (you) J 7:6, 8 (Eunap., Vi. Iambl. p. 459 Didot: the worker of miracles acts ὅταν καιρὸς ᾖ). νῦν κ. ταῦτα ὑμᾶς μαθεῖν οὐκ ἔστιν now is not the time for you to learn this AcPl Ha 1, 26 (Just., D. 8, 1 ἃ νῦν κ. οὐκ ἔστι λέγειν al.).—καιρὸν λαβεῖν find a favorable time, seize the opportunity (Lysias, C. Agor. 6; Cleanthes [III B.C.]: Stoic. I no. 573; Diod S 2, 6, 5; EpArist 248; Jos., Bell. 1, 527, Ant. 4, 10; cp. PTebt 332, 9). καιρὸν μεταλαβεῖν (s. μεταλαμβάνω 2) Ac 24:25. λαβεῖν κ. εὔθετον find a convenient opportunity Pol 13:1. κ. ἔχειν have opportunity (Thu. 1, 42, 3; Pla., Ep. 7, 324b; Plut., Lucull. 501 [16, 4]; PFlor 259, 3; 1 Macc 15:34; Jos., Ant. 16, 73; 335; Ath., R. 23 p. 77, 6; Did., Gen. 112, 10) Gal 6:10; Hb 11:15; 2 Cl 16:1; ISm 9:1; IRo 2:1. ὀλίγον καιρὸν ἔχειν Rv 12:12. ἐξαγοράζεσθαι τὸν κ. make the most of the opportunity Col 4:5; Eph 5:16 (s. ἐξαγοράζω 2). On Ro 12:11 v.l. s. δουλεύω 2aβ and b. κατὰ κ. Ro 5:6 is more naturally construed with ἀπέθανεν than with ἀσεβῶν (cp. κατὰ καιρὸν θεριζόμενος reaped in its proper time Job 5:26).—The concept of the appropriate time oft. blends with that of

② a defined period for an event. definite, fixed time. Abs. καιροί festal seasons (Ex 23:14, 17; Lev 23:4.—So perh. also beside θυσίαι in the Ins de Sinuri ed. LRobert ’45 no. 42) Gal 4:10 (κ. w. ἡμέρα as Polyaenus 8, 23, 17). τὰς τῶν καιρῶν ἀλλαγὰς καταδιαιρεῖν … ἃ μὲν εἰς ἑορτάς, ἃς δὲ εἰς πένθη to set up periods of fasting and mourning in accord with changes in seasons Dg 4:5.—Not infreq. w. a gen., which indicates the reason why the time is set apart (Pla., Leg. 4, 709c χειμῶνος καιρός; Aesop, Fab. 258 P.=255 H-H./206 Ch. ἀπολογίας κ., also oft. LXX; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 191 κ. εὐφροσύνης; Jos., Ant. 18, 74; Tat. 36, 1 κατʼ ἐκεῖνον αὐτὸν … τὸν τοῦ πολέμου κ.; Hippol., Ref. 9, 30, 27 κ. τῆς παρουσίας; Did., Gen. 175, 2 κ. τοῦ ἐξελθεῖν εἰς τὴν γῆν) κ. θερισμοῦ time of harvest Mt 13:30 (JosAs 2:19). κ. τῶν καρπῶν time when the fruit is ripe 21:34; cp. vs. 41. κ. σύκων time when the figs are ripe Mk 11:13 (ParJer 5:31; cp. Horapollo 2, 92 ὁ κ. τῶν ἀμπέλων). κ. μετανοίας time for repentance 2 Cl 8:2. κ. πειρασμοῦ Lk 8:13b. ὁ κ. τῆς ἀναλύσεως the time of death 2 Ti 4:6. κ. ἐπισκοπῆς σου Lk 19:44. κ. διορθώσεως Hb 9:10. κ. ἡλικίας 11:11. κ. τῆς ἡγεμονίας Ποντίου Πιλάτου the time of the procuratorship of P. P. IMg 11. κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦ μαρτυρίου at the time of martyrdom EpilMosq 2 (cp. Mel., HE 4, 26, 3 ᾧ Σάγαρις καιρῷ ἐμαρτύρησεν). ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ καιρῷ (Num 9:7) 2 Th 2:6. ὁ κ. αὐτῶν the time set for the fulfillment of Gabriel’s words Lk 1:20; cp. Dg 11:5 (s. διαγγέλλω 2). ὁ κ. μου my time=the time of my death Mt 26:18. κ. τοῦ ἰαθῆναι time to be healed 2 Cl 9:7. κ. τοῦ ἄρξασθαι τὸ κρίμα 1 Pt 4:17; cp. the extraordinary ἦλθεν ὁ κ. τῶν νεκρῶν κριθῆναι καὶ δοῦναι = ἵνα κριθῶσιν οἱ νεκροὶ καὶ δῷς Rv 11:18.—Pl. (Num 9:3 κατὰ καιρούς; Tob 14:4 S πάντα συμβήσεται τοῖς καιροῖς αὐτῶν; Heraclit. Sto. 11 p. 18, 18=the periods of time between; Maximus Tyr. 1, 2f πολλοὶ κ.; TestNapht 7:1 δεῖ ταῦτα πληρωθῆναι κατὰ τοὺς καιροὺς αὐτῶν; Ar. 4, 2 κατὰ καιρούς) καιροὶ ἐθνῶν times of the Gentiles (in which they may inflict harm on God’s people or themselves be converted) Lk 21:24.—κατὰ καιρόν at the appropriate time (Arrian, Anab. 4, 5, 1; PSI 433, 4 [261 B.C.]; Just., A I, 19, 4; Mel., HE 4, 26, 3) J 5:4; 1 Cl 56:15 (Job 5:26). Also ἐν καιρῷ (Himerius, Or 13 [Ecl. 14], 3): ἐν καιρῷ αὐτοῦ B 11:6, 8 (Ps 1:3). καιρῷ ἰδίῳ in due time Gal 6:9. Pl. καιροῖς ἰδίοις at the right time 1 Ti 2:6; 6:15; Tit 1:3; cp. 1 Cl 20:4 (Just., D. 131, 4 πρὸ τῶν ἰδίων κ.).—κατὰ τὸν ἴδιον καιρόν vs. 10.—πεπλήρωται ὁ κ. the time (determined by God) is fulfilled Mk 1:15. Pl. (cp. Ps 103:19) ὁρίσας προστεταγμένους καιρούς he (God) has determined allotted times (MDibelius, SBHeidAk ’38/39, 2. Abh. p. 6f, ‘seasons’; cp. 1QM 10, 12–15; FMussner, Einige Parallelen [Qumran and Areopagus speech], BZ 1, ’57, 125–30) Ac 17:26; cp. κατὰ καιροὺς τεταγμένους 1 Cl 40:1; ὡρισμένοις καιροῖς καὶ ὥραις vs. 2; τοῖς προστεταγμένοις κ. vs. 4.

③ a period characterized by some aspect of special crisis, time

ⓐ gener.: the present (time) Ro 13:11; 12:11 v.l. ὁ καιρός (i.e. the crisis involving Christians) ἀπαιτεῖ σε the times call upon you IPol 2:3 (Diod S 17, 27, 2 ὑπὸ τῶν καιρῶν προεκλήθησαν=they were called out by the [critical circumstances of the] times). Also ὁ νῦν κ. (PSI 402, 7 [III B.C.] ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ) Ro 3:26; 8:18; 11:5; 2 Cor 8:14; B 4:1. κ. ὁ νῦν τῆς ἀνομίας the present godless time 18:2 (s. also b below). ὁ κ. ὁ ἐνεστηκώς (Polyb. 1, 60, 9; Jos., Ant. 16, 162) Hb 9:9; ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ κ. at that time, then (Gen 21:22; Is 38:1; τῷ κ. ἐκείνῳ TestSol D 8, 2) Mt 11:25; 12:1; 14:1; cp. Eph 2:12. Also κατʼ ἐκεῖνον τὸν κ. (Jos., Ant. 1, 171, Vi. 49; GJs 10:2.—Diod S 2, 27, 1 and Vi. Aesopi G 81 P. κατʼ ἐκείνους τοὺς καιρούς=at that time. Cp. κατʼ ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 10.) Ac 12:1; 19:23. ἔτι κατὰ καιρὸν ὑπὲρ ἀσεβῶν for those who at that time were still godless Ro 5:6, though κατὰ κ. here prob.=at the right time, as in mng. 1b above (s. B-D-F §255, 3). τῷ τότε τῆς ἀδικίας καιρῷ … τὸν νῦν τῆς δικαιοσύνης Dg 9:1; cp. 9:2. Of the future κατὰ τ. καιρὸν τοῦτον at this time Ro 9:9 (Gen 18:10, 14). Cp. EpilMosq 2 in 2 above. ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ κ. just at that time (2 Esdr 5:3) Lk 13:1. W. attraction of the relative ἐν ᾧ κ. at that time, then Ac 7:20. κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν ὸ̔ν καὶ πέρυσι at the same time as in the year preceding Hv 2, 1, 1.

ⓑ One of the chief terms relating to the endtime: ὁ καιρός the time of crisis, the last times (FBusch, Z. Verständnis d. synopt. Eschatol. Mk 13 neu untersucht ’38; GDelling, D. Zeitverständn. des NTs ’40; WMichaelis, D. Herr verzieht nicht d. Verheissung ’42; WKümmel, Verheissung. u. Erfüllung ’45,³ ’56; OCullmann, Christus u. d. Zeit ’46 [tr. FFilson, Christ and Time ’50, 39–45; 79; 121]) ὁ κ. ἤγγικεν Lk 21:8. ὁ κ. ἐγγύς Rv 1:3; 22:10. οὐκ οἴδατε πότε ὁ καιρός ἐστιν Mk 13:33. Cp. Ro 13:11 (s. 3a above) if it is to be interpreted as eschatological (cp. Plut., Mor. 549f). πρὸ καιροῦ before the endtime and the judgment Mt 8:29; 1 Cor 4:5. ἐν καιρῷ 1 Pt 5:6. Also ἐν καιρῷ ἐσχάτῳ 1:5; D 16:2. Pl. πλήρωμα τῶν καιρῶν Eph 1:10. ἐπηρώτων … περὶ τῶν καιρῶν, εἰ ἤδη συντέλειά ἐστιν Hv 3, 8, 9. τὰ σημεῖα τ. καιρῶν the signs of the (Messianic) times Mt 16:3. τοὺς καιροὺς καταμάνθανε learn to understand the times IPol 3:2 (s. WBauer, Hdb. Suppl. vol. ad loc.) The Messianic times described as καιροὶ ἀναψύξεως Ac 3:20.—ἔσχατοι καιροί (or ὕστεροι καιροί 1 Ti 4:1) come before the ἔσχατος κ. IEph 11:1 (cp. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτων κ. AcPl Ha 8, 26 [restoration is certain=Ox 1601, 40/BMM recto 34]); χρόνοι ἢ καιροί times and seasons (cp. Iren. 1, 17, 2 [Harv. I 168, 9] and καιρῶν κατὰ χρόνους ἀλλαγή Theoph. Ant. 1, 6 [p. 70, 1]; Artem. 4, 2 p. 203, 25f the χρόνος is divided into καιροὶ καὶ ὧραι), which must be completed before the final consummation Ac 1:7 (Straton of Lamps. in FWehrli, Die Schule des Aristoteles, V Fgm. 10, 32f κατὰ τοὺς καιροὺς καὶ τοὺς χρόνους; quoted in JBarr, Biblical Words for Time, ’62, 33; see also Diog. L. 5, 64); cp. 1 Th 5:1. συντέμνειν τοὺς καιρούς shorten the (last) times B 4:3. Sim. in sg. ὁ καιρὸς συνεσταλμένος ἐστίν 1 Cor 7:29.—The expr. καιρὸν καὶ καιροὺς κ. ἥμισυ καιροῦ also belongs to the eschatol. vocab.; it means the apocalyptic time of 1 + 2 + ½ = 3½ years, during which acc. to Da 12:7 (cp. 7:25) a tyrranical enemy of God and God’s people is to reign on earth Rv 12:14 (in imagery of a serpentine monster, δράκων)—ὁ κ. οὗτος the present age (cp. αἰών 2a) Mk 10:30; Lk 12:56; 18:30. Also ὁ νῦν κ. B 4:1. As ruled by the devil: ὁ ἄνομος κ. 4:9. καταργεῖν τὸν κ. τοῦ ἀνόμου destroy the age of the lawless one 15:5. The soul seeks και[ρο]ῦ χρόνου αἰ̣ῶ̣νος ἀνάπαυσιν ἐ̣[ν] σιγῇ peace in silence, at the time of the aeon crisis GMary 463, 1.—On Dg 12:9 s. the editions of vGebh.-Harnack and Bihlmeyer.—JMánek, NTS 6, ’59, 45–51; JBarr, Biblical Words for Time, ’62.—B. 954. Schmidt, Syn. II 54–72. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.