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61 AT

I) prep.

A. with dative.

I. Of motion;

1) towards, against;

Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;

hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;

2) close atup to;

Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;

þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;

3) to, at;

koma at landi, to come to land;

ganga at dómi, to go into court;

4) along (= eptir);

ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;

dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;

refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;

5) denoting hostility;

renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;

gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;

6) around;

vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;

bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;

7) denoting business, engagement;

ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;

fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.

II. Of position, &c.;

1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;

at kirkju, at church;

at dómi, in court;

at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;

2) denoting participation in;

vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;

vera at vígi, to be an accessory in man-slaying;

3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;

kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;

var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;

4) with proper names of places (farms);

konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;

biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;

at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;

5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;

at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;

at Marðar, at Mara’s home;

at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;

at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).

III. Of time;

1) at, in;

at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;

at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;

at páskum, at Easter;

at kveldi, at eventide;

at þinglausnum, at the close of the Assembly;

at fjöru, at the ebb;

at flœðum, at the floodtide;

2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;

at ári komanda, next year;

at vári, er kemr, next spring;

generally with ‘komanda’ understood;

at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;

3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;

at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;

at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;

at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;

at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;

at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;

at honum önduðum, after his death;

4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;

hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;

skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;

at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.

IV. fig. and in various uses;

1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;

brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;

verða at ormi, to become a snake;

2) for, as;

gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;

eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;

3) by;

taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;

draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;

kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;

4) as regards as to;

auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;

vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;

5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;

ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;

6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;

faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);

aðili at sök = aðili sakar;

7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;

hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;

mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;

tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;

kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;

8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;

Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);

þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;

hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;

9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);

at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;

at landslögum, by the law of the land;

at vánum, as was to be expected;

at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;

10) in adverbial phrases;

gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;

bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;

at fullu, fully;

at vísu, surely;

at frjálsu, freely;

at eilífu, for ever and ever;

at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;

at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;

at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.

B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);

sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;

eiga féránsdóm at e-n, to hold a court of execution upon a person;

at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;

connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;

at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.

II)

1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;

at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;

2) in an objective sense;

hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;

gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;

3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).

III)

1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;

hón grét at meir, she wept the more;

þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;

þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;

2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);

þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;

sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.

IV)

conj., that;

1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;

þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;

vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;

2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;

svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;

3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);

4) since, because, as (= því at);

5) connected with þó, því, svá;

þó at (with subj.), though, although;

því at, because, for;

svá at, so that;

6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;

þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;

þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;

áðr at (= á. en), before;

7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;

Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;

in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.

V)

negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.

VI)

n. an incited conflict or fight ( see etja);

odda at, Yggs at, battle.

* * *

1.

and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.

Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.

WITH DAT.

A. LOC.

I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:

1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.

2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.

3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)

4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.

5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.

β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.

6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.

β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.

γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.

7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.

β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.

8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.

β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.

II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.

2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.

3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:

α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.

β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.

γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.

4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.

5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.

6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.

β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.

γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.

7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.

B. TEMP.

I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.

II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.

β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.

III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:

1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,

2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.

IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:

1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.

2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.

3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.

V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.

2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.

C. METAPH. and in various cases:

I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:

α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.

β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.

II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.

2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.

III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.

IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.

2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)

3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.

4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.

5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.

6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.

β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.

V. denoting the source of a thing:

1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.

2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.

VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.

VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.

VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.

β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.

IX. following many words:

1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.

β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …

γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.

δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.

2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.

3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.

WITH ACC.

TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.

☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.

2.

and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.

I. it is used either,

1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,

2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.

β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).

3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.

II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:

α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.

β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.

γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.

δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.

ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.

ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.

η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.

θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.

3.

and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.

I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.

II. it is used,

1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.

2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.

β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.

γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.

III. used in connection with conjunctions,

1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.

α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.

β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.

γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.

2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.

IV. as a relat. conj.:

1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.

2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.

V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.

4.

and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.

5.

n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.

β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.

6.

the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT
62 see

1. I
abs

1) he can't see, he is blind он не видит, он слепей; can the puppy see? щенок [уже] видит /не слепой/?

2) I cannot see мне не видно; there is nothing to see тут нечего смотреть: as far as the eye can see насколько видит глаз; see, here he comes смотрите, вот он идет; it took place in the street, where all could see это произошло на улице на глазах у всех; wait and see подождем, = поживем see увидим

3) now, do you see? теперь вам ясно?; don't you see? неужели вы не понимаете?; see? понятно, ясно?; it was not easy, you see, to leave видите ли /вы понимаете, что/, уехать было не так просто

4) let me see, have I posted the letter? дай мне подумать, отправил ли я письмо?; let me see, it should be on the first page постой, постой, это должно быть на первой странице; will you come to dinner tomorrow? see I'll see вы придете обедать завтра? see [Я] подумаю /посмотрю/, видно будет
2. II
1) see in some manner see well (poorly, far, etc.) хорошо и т.д. видеть; have you seen enough? вы уже насмотрелись?; see somewhere you can't see here, it is dark здесь темно и ничего не видно; see overleaf смотри(те) на обороте; see far смотреть вперед, предвидеть; I can't see as far as that так далеко вперед я не могу загадывать /предвидеть/; as far as one can see, he has a brilliant career before him насколько можно судить, у него блестящее будущее /его ждет блестящая карьера

2) see at some time I see now теперь мне ясно
3. III
1) see smth., smb. see a letter (a tree, something green, the outline of a building, a stranger, etc.) (увидеть письмо и т.д.; let me see that paper дайте мне взглянуть на /посмотреть/ эту газету; I looked but saw nothing я посмотрел, но ничего не увидел; animals appear to see things invisible to human sight звери, вероятно, видят то, что остается недоступным человеческому глазу; what can /do/ you see? что вы видите?; see page 5 (pattern 4, figure 2, etc.) смотри(те) страницу пятую и т.д.; see ghosts (visions, spirits, bogies, etc.) видеть привидения и т.д.

2) see smb. see a friend (one's parents, etc.) повидаться с другом и т.д.; I'll be seeing you coll. [мы еще с вами] увидимся, до скорого свидания; see a doctor (a lawyer, etc.) пойти к врачу и т.д., (по)советоваться / (про)консультироваться/ с врачом и т.д.; see an official обратиться к официальному лицу; can I see the inspector? могу я поговорить /повидаться/ с инспектором?; ask to see the manager попросите вызвать администратора; he sees nobody он никого не принимает: come to /and/ see smb. прийти повидать /навестить/ кого-л.

3) see smth., smb. see a town (a country, a district, the sights, Rome, the world's Fair, Oxford, etc.) осматривать город и т.д.; have you ever seen France? бывали ли вы когда-либо во Франции?; [go to]a show (a play, an actress, etc.) [сходить] (подсмотреть спектакль и т.д.; did you see the exhibition? ты был, на выставке?; 1 went to see the exhibition я пошел посмотреть выставку

4) see smth., smb. have in a man to see the drains вызовите мастера, чтобы он проверил /осмотрел/ канализацию; see a patient принять /осмотреть, посетить/ больного

5) see smth. see life /something of life/ (a good deal of the world, etc.) повидать жизнь и т.д.; he has seen hardships он изведал трудности; this old man has seen better days старик видел лучшие времена; my саг (these boots, this coat, etc.) has seen long /plenty of/ service моя машина и т.д. хорошо [мне] послужила; this coat has seen hard wear это пальто поизносилось /пообтрепалось/; that year (the XIXth century, this period, the Elizabeth's reign, etc.) has seen many changes в этом году и т.д. произошло много перемен, этот год и т.д. явился свидетелем многих перемен; I never saw such rudeness (such doings, etc.) я никогда не сталкивался с такой грубостью и т.д.; I never saw such beauty мне никогда не доводилось встречаться с такой красотой; he will never see 40 again ему уже за сорок; he didn't live to see his son's marriage он не дожил до /не увидел/ женитьбы сына

6) see smth. see a joke (the purpose, the reason, the point of the argument, the advantage of his presence, the cause of our misfortune, etc.) понимать шутку и т.д.; I was beginning to see light я стал кое-что понимать, кое-что начало проясняться; I do not see the point я не вижу /не понимаю/, в чем здесь смысл; до меня не доходит суть /соль/; this is how I see it вот, как я это понимаю /представляю себе/; as I see it по-моему, по моему мнению; see things /a lot, much/ понимать /видеть/ многое; she sees everything мимо нее ничего не проходит, от нее ничего не ускользает; she sees nothing она ничего не замечает
4. IV
1) see smb., smth. in some manner see smb., smth. distinctly (clearly, faintly, vaguely, dimly, etc.) отчетливо и т.д. видеть кого-л., что-л. || see war at close quarters непосредственно участвовать в войне

2) see smb. in some manner see smb. willingly (joyfully, reluctantly, etc.) охотно и т.д. видаться с кем-л.; see the man professionaly обратиться к нему как к специалисту; see smb. at some time see smb. later (again, lately, often, tomorrow, this afternoon, etc.) встретиться с кем-л. позже и т.д.; I must see you once more я обязательно должен еще раз повидаться с вами; see you soon! coll. до скорой встречи, пока; the ambassador finally saw him посол наконец принял его; she is too ill to see anyone at present она очень больна, и ей нельзя сейчас ни с кем видеться

3) see smth. at some time we saw "Hamlet" last night мы были на "Гамлете" вчера

4) see smb. at some time he seems ill, the doctor ought to see him at once он, по-видимому, болен, его надо немедленно показать врачу

5) see smb. somewhere see smb. home see as far as the station, aboard, etc.) провожать кого-л. домой и т.д.; see smb. in проводить кого-л. в комнату (в дом и т.п.); see smb. out провожать кого-л. до выхода /к дверям/

6) see smth. in some manner see things differently представлять себе /смотреть на/ вещи иначе; I don't see the matter that way я смотрю на это иначе
5. VI
1) see smb. as being in some state see smb. angry (happy, etc.) видеть кого-л. сердитым и т.д.

2) see smb. under some conditions see smb. alone повидать кого-л. наедине

3) see smth. as possessing some quanta see it necessary (fit, proper, etc.) to do smth. считать /находить/ необходимым и т.д. сделать что-л.; see things wrong иметь обо всем превратное мнение; see everything black видеть все в черном свете
6. VII
1) see smb., smth. do smth. see the boy take the apples (the object move, them leave their home, him come, the dog run, etc.) видеть, как мальчик взял яблоки и т.д.; you cannot see your sister starve without trying to help her вы ведь не можете видеть, как ваша сестра голодает, и не попытаться ей помочь; see smth. to be smth. I saw it to be a forgery я увидел, что это подделка

2) || see one's way to do smth. понимать, как надо действовать; I don't see my way to get you an invitation я не вижу /не знаю/, как раздобыть /достать/ для вас приглашение; as soon as I see my way to do it... как только я соображу /пойму/, как это сделать...
7. VIII
see smb., smth. doing smth. see him falling (her coming, the boy running, the child slipping, him taking the apples, etc.) видеть, как он падает и т.д.; we can see the forest stretching out мы видим простирающийся вдаль лес; 1 can't see myself doing such a thing see myself agreeing to this proposal, myself submitting to this decision, him allowing people to cheat him, etc.) не могу себе представить, чтобы я так поступил и т.д.
8. IX
see smb., smth. done see the child kissed (him taken away, the house rebuilt, the city destroyed, etc.) видеть, как целуют ребенка и т.д.; I'd sacrifice everything rather than see you disgraced я готов пожертвовать всем, чтобы не видеть вашего позора; I want to see justice done я хочу [добиться того], чтобы восторжествовала справедливость
9. XI
1) be seen come where we cannot be seen пойдем куда-нибудь, где нас не увидят; see and not be seen смотреть /наблюдать/, но самому оставаться незамеченным; children should be seen but not heard детей в доме не должно быть слышно, даже когда они на глазах; he is not fit to be seen у него такой вид, что ему нельзя на люди показываться; there was not a house to be seen не было видно ни единого дома; that remains to be seen надо еще посмотреть /подумать/; be seen with smb. I would not саге to be seen with him мне бы не хотелось, чтобы меня видели с ним; be seen in some manner be dimly (clearly, etc.) seen быть плохо и т.д. видимым; the monument is vaguely seen in the distance издалека памятник едва видно; these tricks are easily seen все эти уловки насквозь видны; be seen from smth. be seen from a short distance (from afar, from a hill, etc.) быть видимым с небольшого расстояния и т.д.; be seen through smth. very little could be seen through the keyhole в замочную скважину мало что было видно; be seen with smth. the writing on the stamp can be seen with naked eyes буквы на марке можно рассмотреть /разглядеть/ невооруженным глазом; be seen by smb. it had never been seen by European eyes этого не видел ни один европеец; be seen somewhere the baggage was last seen at the station в последний раз багаж видели на станции; be seen to do smth. he was seen to fall (to come, to walk, etc.) видели, как он упал и т.д.; be seen doing smth. he was seen falling (coming, etc.) его видели падающим и т.д., видели, как он падал и т.д.; be seen like smth. the airship was seen like a speck in the sky самолет казался маленькой точкой в небе

2) be seen of smb. has anything been seen of him in the last two weeks? его кто-нибудь видел /встречал/ за последние две недели?; be seen in some place he is much seen in society он много бывает /его часто видят/ в обществе

3) be seen that... from this (from this fact, from the abovesaid, etc.) it will be /can be/ [easily] seen that... из этого и т.д. [с очевидностью] следует, что...; it can be seen at a glance, that... ясно с первого взгляда, что...; it will thus be seen that... таким образом, станет ясно, что...
10. XIII
see to do smth. can you see to read in this light вы можете читать /вы разбираете буквы/ при таком освещении?
11. XV
1) see in some manner owls see best at night совы лучше всего видят ночью; one may see double when drunk у пьяного в глазах двоится

2) see fit to do smth. you may go if you see fit to do so вы можете идти, если считаете это удобным
12. XVI
1) see with smth. see with one eye видеть одним глазом; see till some time a puppy cannot see till the ninth day щенки слепы первые девять дней; see in smth. see in the dark (in this light, in the rays of the sun, etc.) видеть в темноте и т.д. id he is not able to see beyond the end of his nose он не видит дальше своего носа

2) see about /to /smth. see about the luggage (about the matter, to the fire, to all the locks and doors, to all the arrangements, to the business, etc.) позаботиться о багаже и т.д., последить за багажом и т.д.; leave it to me, I'll see to it оставьте /поручите/ это мне, я прослежу за этим; this machine is out of order, will you see to it? машина не в порядке, посмотрите, в чем там дело; see after smth. see after one's own interests соблюдать свой интерес

3) see through smb., smth. see through him (through his motives, through smb.'s tricks, through her little game, through his politeness, through her fine ways, through smb.'s disguise, etc.) видеть его и т.д. насквозь; we could see through his plan мы понимали, что кроется за его планом
13. XVII
see about doing smth. see about getting the license plates (about sending the report in time, about packing, about ordering a car, etc.) (по)заботиться о том, чтобы получить номера для машины и т.д., проследить за получением номеров для машины и т.д.
14. XVIII
see oneself 'in smb. see oneself in one's children видеть себя в детях || see [for] oneself убедиться самому, увидеть собственными глазами
15. XXI1
1) see smth., smb. in /at /smth. see an interesting story in a book (a letter in a box, a girl in a room, smb. at a distance, etc.) (у)видеть интересный рассказ в книге и т.д.; see smb., smth. in fat) smth. see smb., smth. in dreams видеть кого-л., что-л. во сне; I can't quite see her (myself, etc.) at a ball я не могу представить себе ее и т.д. на балу; see smth., smb. through smth. see smth., smb. through a crack in the wall (through the trees, etc.) (у)видеть что-л., кого-л. через щель в стене и т.д.; I could see very little through the keyhole мне было плохо видно /я мало что видел/ в замочную скважину; see smth., smb. with smth. see smth., smb. with one's own eyes видеть что-л., кого-л. собственными глазами; see smth. before smth. I'd like to see the house before I decide to take it я бы хотел осмотреть дом, прежде чем решиться на покупку || see the last of smb., smth. распрощаться с кем-л., чем-л.; when shall I see the last of her! когда я наконец избавлюсь от неё!; I hope I have seen the last of this book надеюсь, я все-таки отделался от этой книги

2) see smth. in smb., smth. see charming traits in people (the fault in him, many problems in it, many things in the ordinary, a great danger in that sort of thing, etc.) находить /видеть/ в людях привлекательные черты и т.д.; to refuse to see any good in him отказаться видеть в нем что-л. хорошее; I don't know what you can see in her не знаю, что вы в ней находите

3) see smth. of smb. see much of each other (little of the Browns, a great deal of him, etc.) часто /много/ встречаться [друг с другом] и т.д.; I don't see anything of my neighbours я совсем не вижу своих соседей, я совсем не встречаюсь со своими соседями; see less of smb. in winter реже видеться с кем-л. зимой; she's seeing too much of him она слишком часто встречается с ним; see smb. at (for) some time see you on Sunday до встречи в воскресенье; I haven't seen you for ages я вас не видел целую вечность; can I see you for a moment? можно вас на минуту?; see smb. about (on) smth. see a man about the book (an inspector about the case, one's lawyer about the matter, a doctor about your condition, a doctor about her injury, etc.) повидать одного человека по поводу книги и т.д.; see smb. on business повидаться с кем-л. по делу

4) see smth. in some time see a lot in his life /a great deal in his time/ изведать жизнь, повидать немало в жизни

5) see smb. to some place see you to the door (him to the gate, a friend to the station, etc.) проводить вас до двери и т.д.; see the children to bed уложить детей спать; see smb. into (on, off, etc.) smth. see smb. into a train (on board a ship) посадить кого-л. в поезд (на пароход); see smb. off the premises выпроводить кого-л.

6) see smb. through smth. see us through the customs (his brother through college, me through the difficulty, her through her trouble) помочь нам пройти таможенный досмотр и т.д.

7) || see smth., smb. in some light видеть что-л., кого-л. в каком-л. свете; see smth. in the same light сходиться.во мнении относительно чего-л.; see smth. in a different light видеть что-л. в ином свете; 1 don't see it in that light у меня по этому вопросу другое мнение
16. XXII
see smth. of doing smth. see the use of going there (the good of helping her, the advantage of keeping your mouth shut, the fun of dancing, etc.) видеть смысл в том, чтобы пойти туда и т.д.; I don't see the good of getting angry не вижу никакого смысла злиться || see one's way to doing smth. придумать /найти/, как что-л. сделать
17. XXIV1
see smb. as smb. I can't see him as president (as a teacher, as a husband, etc.) я не могу себе представить его в роли президента и т.д.
18. XXIV4
see smth. as... see the problem as it is видеть проблему реально
19. XXV
1) see that... see that the man was old (that he was blind, that it is time to go, that the box is empty, etc.) видеть, что это старый человек /старик/ и т.д.; see whether..., (if..., how..., what..., etc.) see whether the book is there (if the postman has come, if this hat suits you, who it is, what you've done, what has happened, what courage can do, how far we have gone, etc.) посмотреть, там ли книга и т.д.; see who's at the door посмотри, кто пришел; can you see where the mistake is? вы можете найти ошибку?; we are anxious to see what there is to be seen of the country мы хотим повидать все достопримечательности страны

2) see that smth. is done see that the work is done (that the letter is mailed sometime today, that nothing goes wrong, that nothing has been neglected, that he comes to no harm, that he comes in time, that everything is in order, etc.) проследить, чтобы работа была сделана и т.д.; see that you lock the back door смотри, запри /не забудь запереть/ черный ход; see you don't miss the train смотри, не опоздай на поезд

3) see what... (that..., why..., etc.) see what I mean (what it is to have courage, that I am not wanted, that you have changed your mind, why you did that, why he doesn't come, how or why it is done, etc.) понимать, что я хочу сказать и т.д.; we saw that it was useless to insist мы поняли, что бесполезно настаивать; can't you see that I'm tired? разве вы не видите /не понимаете/, что я устал?; I see how it is мне понятно, как обстоят дела

4) see what... (when..., etc.) let me see what I can do (what ought to do now, when we can come, etc.) дайте подумать /сообразить/, что я могу сделать и т.д.
20. XXVII1
see through what... I am beginning to see through what he has in mind я начинаю понимать, что у него на уме
21. XXVII2
1) see from smth. that... I see from my diary that I am expected today (from the papers that he is dead, etc.) по моим записям я вижу, что меня ждут сегодня и т.д.

2) see to it that... see to it that the light is switched off проследи, чтобы свет был выключен

English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > see
63 понимать

гл.

1. to understand; 2. to see; 3. to realize; 4. to occur; 5. to dawn on/upon; 6. to become aware that; 7. to strike; 8. to hit; 9. to sink in; 10. to wake up to the fact that; 11. to click

Русский глагол понимать не указывает на то, каким образом было достигнуто понимание. В отличие от него английские эквиваленты, сохраняя общее значение, подчеркивают, каким образом что-либо было понято.

1. to understand — понимать, осмыслять (в тех случаях, когда для получения знания требуются некоторые интеллектуальные усилия): I don't quite understand what you mean. — Я не совсем понимаю, что вы имеете в виду. If you don't understand the rule, I'm willing to explain it to you again. — Если ты это правило не понимаешь, я охотно обменю тебе его еще раз. I couldn't understand his reasons. — Причины, двигающие им, мне были непонятны. Не doesn't speak English well, but he can make himself understood. — Он плохо говорит по-английски, но его понимают. I've heard of your failure and I can quite understand how you feel and what it means for you. — Я слышал о твоем провале и хорошо понимаю, что ты чувствуешь и что это значит для тебя.

2. to see— понимать, сознавать: to see a joke (the meaning, a point in discussion) — понимать шутку (смысл, суть спора) You needn't repeat it, I see what you mean. — He повторяйтесь, я понимаю, что вы имеете в виду/ Не повторяйтесь, мне ясно, что вы имеете в виду./Я понимаю, что ты хочешь сказать, не повторяй. I see the situation in a different light. — Я понимаю происходящее иначе./Я вижу ситуацию в ином свете. I don't quite see what it has to do with me. — Я не совсем понимаю, какое это имеет отношение ко мне. Не can't see a joke. — Он не понимает шуток./У него нет чувства юмора. I see what you are driving at. — Я понимаю, к чему вы клоните.

3. to realize — ясно понимать, представлять себе, осознавать ( заметить и понять что-либо ранее не замеченное или не понятое): to realize the difficulties — представлять себе все трудности/понимать все трудности; to realize one's error — осознавать свою ошибку I realize how it was done. — Я представляю себе, как это было сделано./Я понимаю, как это было сделано. I suddenly realized that the pumping noise was the sound of my own heart. — Я вдруг осознал, что шум, который я слышал, был биением моего собственного сердца. It wasn't until she was fifty miles along the road that Sheila realized that she had lost her way. — Только проехав пятьдесят миль по дороге, Шейла поняла, что она заблудилась. «Is there a problem between you two?» said Jane not realizing how right she was. — «Что, у вас проблема?» — спросила Джейн, не осознавая, насколько была права. Only Erik realized the seriousness of Tom's illness. — Серьезность болезни Тома понимал только Эрик. We wandered without realizing it, to the red light area. — Мы забрели в запретную зону, не отдавая себе отчета в этом. Не didn't seem to realize that he would soon leave home for ever. — Он Казалось до конца не понимал, что уезжает из дома навсегда./Он видимо до конца не понимал, что покидает дом навсегда.

4. to occur — приходить на ум, приходить в голову, доходить: It suddenly occured to me (hat maybe she was right. — Мне вдруг пришло в голову, что возможно она и нрава. It never occured to him that people could deliberality do harm to others purely out of malice. — Он и подумать не мог, что некоторые люди могли намеренно вредить другим просто из зловредности. Strangely enough, the most obvious explanation didn't occur to Jack until the next day. — Очень странно, но только на следующий день до Джека дошло, что он не подумал о самом простом объяснении.

5. to dawn on/upon — понимать, осенять, осознавать (то, что должно было бы быть им понято ранее): It dawned on me that it was true. — Меня вдруг осенило, что это правда. /Мне вдруг пришло в голову, что это правда. Eventually it dawned on me that we were walking in completely the wrong direction. — В конце концов я начал понимать, что мы шли не по той дороге/в неправильном направлении./В конце концов до меня стало доходить, что мы шли по совершенно иной дороге/в неправильном направлении. It began to dawn on him that the task might not be so light as they had thought. — До него начало доходить, что задача была совсем не такой простой, как им казалась./Он начал осознавать, что задача была совсем не такой простой, как им казалась. The truth dawned on me a few days later. — Только несколько'дней спустя я понял всю правду.
6. to become aware that — понимать, осознавать,отдавать себе отчет в чем-либо, отдавать себе отчет в том, что ( осознать что-либо только после достаточно длительного времени): In the days that followed, we became aware that there was some big secret from which we were excluded. — В последующие дни мы поняли, что существовала какая-то важная тайна, в которую мы не были посвящены. More and more middle-aged women were becoming aware that they had missed out on further education. — Все большее и большее число женщин среднего возраста начали понимать, что они упустили возможности дальнейшего образования./Все большее и большее число женщин среднего возраста начали понимать, что они не воспользовались возможностью дальнейшего образования. 7. to strike вдруг понять, осенить (неожиданно увидеть и понять причины того, что произошло): Suddenly it strike me that the only way for Robert to know the details of the burglary was to have been there at the time. — Я вдруг понял, что Роберт мог знать все подробности ограбления, только если он сам был на месте преступления./Вдруг до меня дошло, что Роберт мог знать все подробности ограбления, только если он сам был на месте преступления.
8. to hit — вдруг прийти в голову, дойти, доходить (быть шокированным тем, что неожиданно человек понимает истинный смысл чеголибо, того, как это важно): I watched the stranger walked past and it hit me that I knew the fellow. — Я видел, как незнакомец прошел мимо, и меня вдруг осенило, что я знаю этого парня. Suddenly it hit me, he was trying to ask me to marry him. — Я вдруг поняла, что он так пытался сделать мне предложение./Я вдруг поняла, что он таким образом пытался сделать мне предложение. The full impact of what he had said hit me a few hours later. — Смысл его слов Я поняла полностью только через несколько часов./Смысл его слов дошел до меня полностью только через несколько часов.

9. to sink in — понимать медленно, понимать полностью, внять чему-либо, медленно доходить до сознания ( постепенно начать понимать полный смысл чего-либо): I know I've lost champion's title, but it just hasn't sunk in yet! — Я знаю, что потерял звание чемпиона, но я еще этого до конца не прочувствовал./Я знаю, что потерял звание чемпиона, но я еше этою до конца не попил. The foolishness of what I had done was beginning io sink in. — Глупость того, что я сделал, постепенно начала доходить до моего сознания. She paused to let the full irony of her words sink in. — Она сделала паузу, дав время, чтобы ирония того, что она сказала, была полностью понята.

10. to wake up to the fact that — вполне осознавать, что; полностью осознавать, что; очнуться (начинать полностью понимать что-либо, особенно, если вы стараетесь об этом не думать, потому что это неприятно): How long will it be before people wake up to the fact that anyone can catch that illness. — Сколько надо времени, чтобы улюдей открылись глаза на то, что любой может подхватить эту болезнь./Сколько надо времени, чтобы люди наконец поняли, что любой может подхватить эту болезнь./ Сколько надо времени, чтобы люди наконец осознали, что любой может подхватить эту болезнь. The speaker warned that we must wake up to the fact that we are in a tough competitive market. — Оратор сказал, что мы должны наконец понять, что живем в условиях жесткой рыночной конкуренции.

11. to click — вдруг понимать (как правило, в безличной конструкции с it): Then it clicked, the man at the station must have been her brother! — И тогда меня осенило, что мужчина, который был на вокзале, должно быть ее брат./И тогда до меня вдруг дошло, что мужчина, который был на вокзале, должно быть ее брат. I found the whole affair quite baffling but then suddenly it clicked. — Мне вначале вся эта история казалась очень странной, но вдруг меня осенило, и вес стало ясно.

Русско-английский объяснительный словарь > понимать
64 menen

menen

1 [in ernst bedoelen] mean

2 [voorhebben] intend ⇒ mean

3 [veronderstellen] think

♦voorbeelden:

1   dat meen je niet! • you can't be serious!

     ik meen het! • I mean it!

2   het ernstig/serieus menen • be serious

     het was goed gemeend • it was meant well

     het goed/kwaad met iemand menen • mean well towards someone, mean someone harm

3   ik meende hem te moeten waarschuwen • I thought/felt I ought to warn him

     hij meende te weten dat … • he understood that …

     ik meende dat … • I thought …

Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > menen
65 kastetmek

1. /ı/ to mean to say, mean: Maruf demekle neyi kastediyorsunuz? What do you mean by saying famous? Köy deyince Dudullu´yu kastediyor? When he says the village he means Dudullu. Beni mi kastetti? Did she mean me? 2. /ı/ to intend, purpose, aim, mean: Bununla ona bir ders vermeyi kastettiler. They intended this to be a lesson to him. 3. /a/ to harbor evil intentions towards, have designs upon, intend to do (someone) harm.

Saja Türkçe - İngilizce Sözlük > kastetmek
66 -ne

1.
nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].
I.
Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;
and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,
Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:
DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,
Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—
2.
To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.
a.
Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:
ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:
ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:
Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,
id. Att. 14, 12, 2:
nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,
id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:
non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,
id. Mil. 29, 78:
vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:
ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,
id. Mil. 1, 2:
ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,
Verg. G. 3, 561;
so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:
nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,
id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:
non praetermittam ne illud quidem,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:
Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,
id. ib. 2, 16, 5:
numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,
id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:
sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:
neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,
Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—
b.
In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —
B.
With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),
1.
In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.
(α).
With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):
VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,
Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.
art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:
ah, ne saevi tantopere,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:
impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:
ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,
Verg. A. 6, 832.—
(β).
With subj.:
ne me moveatis,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:
si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:
si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,
Cic. Clu. 2, 6:
ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,
Hor. A. P. 406.—
2.
In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:
ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,
id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):
illud utinam ne vere scriberem!
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:
ne vivam, si scio,
may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:
sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,
id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:
ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,
id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—
3.
In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).
(α).
In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:
ego enim, etc.,
there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:
pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,
id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:
ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,
id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:
ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,
id. Sen. 11, 34:
ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,
id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:
nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?
though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—
(β).
In restrictive clauses:
sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,
only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:
vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—
4.
In clauses which denote a purpose or result.
a.
Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:
haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,
Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:
ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,
id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:
excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,
Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:
equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—
b.
Ut... ne separated:
quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,
Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:
ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:
lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,
id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:
vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,
id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—
c.
Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):
ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:
moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,
Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.
II.
In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.
A.
In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):
omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:
Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:
vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:
considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,
Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:
Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—
B.
After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):
metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,
that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:
timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,
id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:
vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:
metuebat ne indicarent,
Cic. Mil. 21, 57:
mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,
id. Mur. 41, 88:
hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,
id. Att. 5, 21, 3:
id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,
Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:
esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 715:
terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:
non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:
pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,
Liv. 24, 42 —
b.
When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:
vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,
Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:
unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,
id. ib. 5, 18, 1:
timeo ne non impetrem,
id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—
c.
With the negative before the verb:
non vereor, ne quid temere facias,
Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:
timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—
C.
After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:
qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:
cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;
v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,
Cic. Fat. 1, 1:
unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,
Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]
2.
- nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;
which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.
(α).
In direct interrogations, with indic.:
meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,
Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:
potestne rerum major esse dissensio?
id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:
tune id veritus es?
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:
jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,
id. Pis. 1, 1:
quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?
id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:
quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?
Verg. A. 4, 538:
tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:
valuistin?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:
satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:
pergin autem?
id. ib. 1, 3, 41:
vin commutemus?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —
(β).
Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;
so quin for quine,
id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:
utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?
Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:
sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,
id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—
(γ).
In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:
ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,
Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:
Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,
id. Att. 12, 24, 1:
videto vasa, multane sient,
Cato, R. R. 1:
quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—
(δ).
Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:
quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:
uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?
id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:
illa rogare: Quantane?
id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—
(ε).
-ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:
misine ego ad te epistulam?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:
rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—
(ζ).
Rarely = num:
potestne virtus servire?
Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:
potesne dicere?
id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—
b.
With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):
est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:
sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):
Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:
ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,
Liv. 5, 28, 5:
cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.
3.
nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).
I.
In gen.:
ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:
ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:
ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,
id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:
ne iste,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—
II.
Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:
ne tu hercle,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:
edepol ne ego,
id. Men. 5, 5, 10:
edepol ne tu,
id. ib. 1, 2, 50:
ne ista edepol,
id. Am. 2, 2, 213:
ne istuc mecastor,
id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):
ne ille, medius fidius,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:
medius fidius ne tu,
id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:
edepol ne meam operam, etc.,
Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > -ne
67 n'

1.
nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].
I.
Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;
and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,
Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:
DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,
Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—
2.
To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.
a.
Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:
ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:
ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:
Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,
id. Att. 14, 12, 2:
nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,
id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:
non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,
id. Mil. 29, 78:
vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:
ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,
id. Mil. 1, 2:
ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,
Verg. G. 3, 561;
so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:
nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,
id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:
non praetermittam ne illud quidem,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:
Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,
id. ib. 2, 16, 5:
numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,
id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:
sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:
neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,
Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—
b.
In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —
B.
With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),
1.
In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.
(α).
With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):
VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,
Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.
art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:
ah, ne saevi tantopere,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:
impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:
ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,
Verg. A. 6, 832.—
(β).
With subj.:
ne me moveatis,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:
si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:
si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,
Cic. Clu. 2, 6:
ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,
Hor. A. P. 406.—
2.
In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:
ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,
id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):
illud utinam ne vere scriberem!
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:
ne vivam, si scio,
may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:
sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,
id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:
ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,
id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—
3.
In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).
(α).
In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:
ego enim, etc.,
there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:
pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,
id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:
ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,
id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:
ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,
id. Sen. 11, 34:
ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,
id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:
nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?
though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—
(β).
In restrictive clauses:
sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,
only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:
vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—
4.
In clauses which denote a purpose or result.
a.
Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:
haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,
Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:
ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,
id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:
excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,
Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:
equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—
b.
Ut... ne separated:
quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,
Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:
ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:
lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,
id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:
vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,
id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—
c.
Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):
ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:
moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,
Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.
II.
In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.
A.
In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):
omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:
Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:
vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:
considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,
Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:
Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—
B.
After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):
metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,
that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:
timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,
id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:
vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:
metuebat ne indicarent,
Cic. Mil. 21, 57:
mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,
id. Mur. 41, 88:
hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,
id. Att. 5, 21, 3:
id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,
Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:
esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 715:
terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:
non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:
pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,
Liv. 24, 42 —
b.
When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:
vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,
Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:
unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,
id. ib. 5, 18, 1:
timeo ne non impetrem,
id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—
c.
With the negative before the verb:
non vereor, ne quid temere facias,
Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:
timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—
C.
After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:
qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:
cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;
v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,
Cic. Fat. 1, 1:
unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,
Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]
2.
- nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;
which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.
(α).
In direct interrogations, with indic.:
meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,
Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:
potestne rerum major esse dissensio?
id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:
tune id veritus es?
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:
jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,
id. Pis. 1, 1:
quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?
id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:
quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?
Verg. A. 4, 538:
tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:
valuistin?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:
satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:
pergin autem?
id. ib. 1, 3, 41:
vin commutemus?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —
(β).
Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;
so quin for quine,
id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:
utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?
Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:
sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,
id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—
(γ).
In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:
ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,
Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:
Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,
id. Att. 12, 24, 1:
videto vasa, multane sient,
Cato, R. R. 1:
quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—
(δ).
Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:
quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:
uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?
id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:
illa rogare: Quantane?
id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—
(ε).
-ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:
misine ego ad te epistulam?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:
rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—
(ζ).
Rarely = num:
potestne virtus servire?
Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:
potesne dicere?
id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—
b.
With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):
est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:
sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):
Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:
ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,
Liv. 5, 28, 5:
cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.
3.
nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).
I.
In gen.:
ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:
ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:
ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,
id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:
ne iste,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—
II.
Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:
ne tu hercle,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:
edepol ne ego,
id. Men. 5, 5, 10:
edepol ne tu,
id. ib. 1, 2, 50:
ne ista edepol,
id. Am. 2, 2, 213:
ne istuc mecastor,
id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):
ne ille, medius fidius,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:
medius fidius ne tu,
id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:
edepol ne meam operam, etc.,
Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > n'
68 ne

1.
nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].
I.
Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;
and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,
Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:
DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,
Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—
2.
To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.
a.
Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:
ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:
ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:
Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,
id. Att. 14, 12, 2:
nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,
id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:
non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,
id. Mil. 29, 78:
vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:
ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,
id. Mil. 1, 2:
ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,
Verg. G. 3, 561;
so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:
nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,
id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:
non praetermittam ne illud quidem,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:
Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,
id. ib. 2, 16, 5:
numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,
id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:
sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:
neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,
Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—
b.
In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —
B.
With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),
1.
In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.
(α).
With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):
VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,
Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.
art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:
ah, ne saevi tantopere,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:
impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:
ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,
Verg. A. 6, 832.—
(β).
With subj.:
ne me moveatis,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:
si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:
si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,
Cic. Clu. 2, 6:
ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,
Hor. A. P. 406.—
2.
In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:
ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,
id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):
illud utinam ne vere scriberem!
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:
ne vivam, si scio,
may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:
sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,
id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:
ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,
id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—
3.
In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).
(α).
In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:
ego enim, etc.,
there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:
pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,
id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:
ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,
id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:
ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,
id. Sen. 11, 34:
ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,
id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:
nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?
though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—
(β).
In restrictive clauses:
sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,
only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:
vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—
4.
In clauses which denote a purpose or result.
a.
Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:
haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,
Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:
ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,
id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:
excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,
Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:
equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—
b.
Ut... ne separated:
quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,
Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:
ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:
lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,
id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:
vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,
id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—
c.
Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):
ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:
moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,
Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.
II.
In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.
A.
In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):
omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:
Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:
vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:
considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,
Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:
Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—
B.
After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):
metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,
that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:
timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,
id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:
vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:
metuebat ne indicarent,
Cic. Mil. 21, 57:
mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,
id. Mur. 41, 88:
hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,
id. Att. 5, 21, 3:
id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,
Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:
esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 715:
terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:
non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:
pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,
Liv. 24, 42 —
b.
When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:
vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,
Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:
unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,
id. ib. 5, 18, 1:
timeo ne non impetrem,
id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—
c.
With the negative before the verb:
non vereor, ne quid temere facias,
Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:
timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—
C.
After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:
qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:
cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;
v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,
Cic. Fat. 1, 1:
unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,
Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]
2.
- nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;
which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.
(α).
In direct interrogations, with indic.:
meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,
Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:
potestne rerum major esse dissensio?
id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:
tune id veritus es?
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:
jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,
id. Pis. 1, 1:
quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?
id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:
quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?
Verg. A. 4, 538:
tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:
valuistin?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:
satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:
pergin autem?
id. ib. 1, 3, 41:
vin commutemus?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —
(β).
Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;
so quin for quine,
id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:
utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?
Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:
sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,
id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—
(γ).
In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:
ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,
Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:
Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,
id. Att. 12, 24, 1:
videto vasa, multane sient,
Cato, R. R. 1:
quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—
(δ).
Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:
quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:
uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?
id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:
illa rogare: Quantane?
id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—
(ε).
-ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:
misine ego ad te epistulam?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:
rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—
(ζ).
Rarely = num:
potestne virtus servire?
Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:
potesne dicere?
id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—
b.
With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):
est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:
sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):
Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:
ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,
Liv. 5, 28, 5:
cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.
3.
nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).
I.
In gen.:
ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:
ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:
ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,
id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:
ne iste,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—
II.
Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:
ne tu hercle,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:
edepol ne ego,
id. Men. 5, 5, 10:
edepol ne tu,
id. ib. 1, 2, 50:
ne ista edepol,
id. Am. 2, 2, 213:
ne istuc mecastor,
id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):
ne ille, medius fidius,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:
medius fidius ne tu,
id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:
edepol ne meam operam, etc.,
Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ne
69 wish

wiʃ
1. verb
1) (to have and/or express a desire: There's no point in wishing for a miracle; Touch the magic stone and wish; He wished that she would go away; I wish that I had never met him.) desear (que)

2) (to require (to do or have something): Do you wish to sit down, sir?; We wish to book some seats for the theatre; I'll cancel the arrangement if you wish.) querer, desear

3) (to say that one hopes for (something for someone): I wish you the very best of luck.) desear

2. noun
1) (a desire or longing, or the thing desired: It's always been my wish to go to South America some day.) deseo

2) (an expression of desire: The fairy granted him three wishes; Did you make a wish?) deseo

3) ((usually in plural) an expression of hope for success etc for someone: He sends you his best wishes.) deseo, saludo, recuerdo

•

- wishful thinking
- wishing-well

wish¹ n deseo

the genie granted him three wishes el genio le dio tres deseos

her wish came true su deseo se hizo realidad

best wishes un abrazo

to make a wish pedir un deseo / pensar un deseo

El plural de wish se escribe wishes

wish² vb

1. querer

I wish to speak to the manager quisiera hablar con el director

2. desear

she wished me happy birthday me deseó un feliz cumpleaños

3. ojalá

I wish I had a lot of money ojalá tuviera mucho dinero

I wish you were here ojalá estuvieras aquí

wish

tr[wɪʃ]

transitive verb

1 (want) querer, desear

■ she wishes she were on holiday quisiera estar de vacaciones

■ I wish I was rich! ¡ojalá fuera rico!

■ I wish I hadn't drunk so much ojalá no hubiese bebido tanto

■ I wish it would stop raining ojalá dejara de llover

2 formal use (demand, want) querer

■ I wish to make a complaint quisiera formular una queja

3 (hope) desear

■ we wish you a Merry Christmas te deseamos una Feliz Navidad

■ they wished us luck nos desearon buena suerte

intransitive verb

1 desear ( for, -)

■ everything one could wish for todo lo que uno pudiera desear

2 formal use (want) querer

■ as you wish como quiera

noun

1 deseo

you have three wishes tienes tres deseos

you went against my wishes obraste contra mis deseos

her wish came true su deseo se hizo realidad

plural noun wishes

1 (greeting) deseos nombre masculino plural; (in letter) saludos nombre masculino plural, recuerdos nombre masculino plural

with best wishes for the future con mis mejores deseos para el futuro

with best wishes from... saludos cordiales de..., recuerdos de...

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to make a wish pedir un deseo

to wish somebody well / wish somebody all the best desear buena suerte a alguien

wish you were here ojalá estuvieras aquí

your wish is my command sus deseos son órdenes para mí

wish ['wɪʃ] vt

1) want: desear, querer

2)

to wish (something) for : desear

they wished me well: me desearon lo mejor

wish vi

1) : pedir (como deseo)

2) : querer

as you wish: como quieras

wish n

1) : deseo m

to grant a wish: conceder un deseo

2) wishes npl

: saludos mpl, recuerdos mpl

to send best wishes: mandar muchos recuerdos

wish

v.

• dar los buenos días v.

• desear v.

• querer v.

(§pret: quis-) fut/c: querr-•)

n.

• anhelo s.m.

• desear s.m.

• deseo s.m.

• voto s.m.

wɪʃ
I

noun

a) ( desire) deseo m

to make a wish — pedir* un deseo

her wish came true — su deseo se hizo realidad, se le cumplió el deseo

his last o dying wish — su última voluntad

they got married against my wishes — se casaron en contra de mi voluntad

your wish is my command — (set phrase) tus deseos son órdenes (fr hecha)

wish to + INF: I've no wish to upset you, but... no quisiera disgustarte, pero...; I've no great wish to see the play — no tengo muchas ganas de ver la obra

b) wishes pl ( greetings)

give your mother my best wishes — dale a tu madre muchos recuerdos de mi parte, cariños a tu madre (AmL)

with our best wishes for a speedy recovery — deseándole una pronta mejoría

best wishes, Jack — saludos or un abrazo de Jack

II
1.

transitive verb

a) ( desire fervently) desear

to wish something ON somebody — desearle algo a alguien

to wish (THAT): I wish I hadn't come ojalá no hubiera venido!; I wish I were rich ojalá fuera rico!; she wished she hadn't told him lamentó habérselo dicho; I wish you wouldn't say things like that me disgusta mucho que digas esas cosas; I do wish you'd told me before! — me lo podrías haber dicho antes!

b) ( want) (frml) desear (frml), querer*

should you wish to do so... — si así lo deseara... (frml)

to wish somebody/something to + INF — desear que alguien/algo (+ subj) (frml)

c) ( want for somebody) desear

we wish you every happiness — te deseamos lo mejor

wish me luck! — deséame suerte!

he called to wish me (a) happy birthday — me llamó para desearme feliz cumpleaños

to wish somebody good night — darle* las buenas noches a alguien

to wish somebody well — desearle suerte or lo mejor a alguien

I wish you well — espero que te vaya bien

2.

vi

a) ( make magic wish) pedir* un deseo

b) (want, desire)

as you wish, sir — como usted mande or diga, señor

if you wish — como quieras

Phrasal Verbs:

- wish away

- wish for

[wɪʃ]
1. N

1) (=desire, will) deseo m

they are sincere in their wish to make amends for the past — son sinceros en su deseo de enmendar el pasado

their wish for peace is sincere, they are sincere in their wish for peace — son sinceros en sus deseos de paz

it has long been my wish to do that — desde hace mucho tiempo vengo deseando hacer eso

• he did it against my wishes — lo hizo en contra de mis deseos or mi voluntad

to go against sb's wishes — ir en contra de los deseos or la voluntad de algn

• his wish came true — su deseo se hizo realidad

• your wish is my command — sus deseos son órdenes para mí

• it is her dearest wish to go there one day — su mayor deseo es ir allí un día

• his dying wish was to be buried here — su última voluntad fue que lo enterraran aquí

• she expressed a wish that the money be donated to charity — manifestó su deseo de que el dinero se donara a instituciones benéficas

• the fairy granted her three wishes — el hada le concedió tres deseos

• I have no great wish to go — no tengo muchas ganas de ir, no me apetece mucho ir

• you shall have or get your wish — tu deseo se hará realidad, tu deseo se cumplirá

• to make a wish — pedir un deseo

- if wishes were horses, beggars would ride
death 2.
2) (in letters, greetings)

(with) best wishes — saludos, recuerdos

with best wishes from Peter — recuerdos de Peter

best wishes or all good wishes for a happy birthday — te deseamos un feliz cumpleaños, nuestros mejores deseos para un feliz cumpleaños

(with) best wishes for Christmas and the New Year — (con) nuestros mejores deseos or frm augurios para la Navidad y el Año Nuevo

please give him my best wishes — dale recuerdos míos

I went to give him my best wishes — fui a darle la enhorabuena

the Prime Minister has sent a message of good wishes to the French president — el Primer Ministro ha mandado un mensaje de buena voluntad al presidente francés

2. VT

1)

I wish (=if only) —

a) (in unrealizable or unlikely situations)

I wish I were rich — ojalá fuese rico

I wish it weren't true — ojalá no fuera así

I only wish I'd known that before — ojalá lo hubiera sabido antes

I wish I could! — ¡ojalá pudiera!

"did you go?" - "I wish I had" — -¿fuiste? -¡ya me hubiera gustado! or -¡ojalá!

I wish I hadn't said that — siento haber dicho eso, ojalá no hubiera dicho eso

b) (when change is possible)

I wish you'd hurry up — a ver si te das prisa

I do wish you'd let me help — ¿por qué no me dejas que te ayude?

I wish you wouldn't shout — me gustaría que no gritaras, a ver si dejas de gritar

2) (other subjects, other tenses)

she wishes that she could go to school like other children — le gustaría poder ir a la escuela como otros niños

I bet you wish you were still working here! — ¡apuesto a que te gustaría seguir trabajando aquí todavía!

3)

to wish sb sth: to wish sb good luck/a happy Christmas — desear buena suerte/felices pascuas a algn

wish me luck! — ¡deséame suerte!

I wish you all possible happiness — os/te deseo la más completa felicidad

to wish sb good morning — dar los buenos días a algn

to wish sb goodbye — despedirse de algn

• to wish sb well/ ill, we wish her well in her new job — le deseamos todo lo mejor en su nuevo trabajo

I don't wish her ill or any harm — no le deseo ningún mal

4)

• to wish sth on sb — desear algo a algn

I wouldn't wish that on anybody — eso no se lo desearía a nadie

5) frm (=want) querer, desear frm

I do not wish it — no lo quiero, no lo deseo frm

to wish to do sth — querer or frm desear hacer algo

I wish to be alone — quiero or frm deseo estar solo

I wish to be told when he comes — quiero or frm deseo que se me avisen cuando llegue

I don't wish to sound mean, but... — no quisiera parecer tacaño, pero...

without wishing to be unkind, you must admit she's not the most interesting company — sin ánimo de ser cruel, tienes que admitir que no es una persona muy interesante

to wish sb to do sth — querer or frm desear que algn haga algo

what do you wish me to do? — ¿qué quieres or frm deseas que haga?

3. VI

1) (=make a wish) pedir un deseo

• to wish for sth — desear algo

she has everything she could wish for — tiene todo lo que pudiera desear

what more could one wish for? — ¿qué más se puede pedir or desear?

I couldn't have wished for a nicer birthday — no podía haber soñado con un día de cumpleaños mejor

• "of course you're earning a lot, aren't you?" - "I wish!" — -claro que ganas un montón, ¿verdad? -¡ojalá!

2) frm (=want)

• (just) as you wish — como quieras, como usted desee frm

you may stay here as long as you wish — te puedes quedar todo el tiempo que quieras or desees

4.

CPD

wish fulfilment N —

daydreams are a sort of wish fulfilment — las fantasías son una especie de satisfacción de los deseos

wish list N — lista f de deseos

top of my wish list is... — mi deseo principal es...

- wish away

* * *
[wɪʃ]
I

noun

a) ( desire) deseo m

to make a wish — pedir* un deseo

her wish came true — su deseo se hizo realidad, se le cumplió el deseo

his last o dying wish — su última voluntad

they got married against my wishes — se casaron en contra de mi voluntad

your wish is my command — (set phrase) tus deseos son órdenes (fr hecha)

wish to + INF: I've no wish to upset you, but... no quisiera disgustarte, pero...; I've no great wish to see the play — no tengo muchas ganas de ver la obra

b) wishes pl ( greetings)

give your mother my best wishes — dale a tu madre muchos recuerdos de mi parte, cariños a tu madre (AmL)

with our best wishes for a speedy recovery — deseándole una pronta mejoría

best wishes, Jack — saludos or un abrazo de Jack

II
1.

transitive verb

a) ( desire fervently) desear

to wish something ON somebody — desearle algo a alguien

to wish (THAT): I wish I hadn't come ojalá no hubiera venido!; I wish I were rich ojalá fuera rico!; she wished she hadn't told him lamentó habérselo dicho; I wish you wouldn't say things like that me disgusta mucho que digas esas cosas; I do wish you'd told me before! — me lo podrías haber dicho antes!

b) ( want) (frml) desear (frml), querer*

should you wish to do so... — si así lo deseara... (frml)

to wish somebody/something to + INF — desear que alguien/algo (+ subj) (frml)

c) ( want for somebody) desear

we wish you every happiness — te deseamos lo mejor

wish me luck! — deséame suerte!

he called to wish me (a) happy birthday — me llamó para desearme feliz cumpleaños

to wish somebody good night — darle* las buenas noches a alguien

to wish somebody well — desearle suerte or lo mejor a alguien

I wish you well — espero que te vaya bien

2.

vi

a) ( make magic wish) pedir* un deseo

b) (want, desire)

as you wish, sir — como usted mande or diga, señor

if you wish — como quieras

Phrasal Verbs:

- wish away

- wish for

English-spanish dictionary > wish
70 demás

adj.

other, the rest of the.

El carro y demás vehículos The car and other [the rest of the] vehicles...

* * *

demás

► adjetivo

1 other, rest of

■ las demás cosas the other things

■ los demás niños the rest of the children

► pronombre

1 the other, the rest

■ los demás llegaron tarde the others arrived late

■ lo demás ya lo conoces you already know the rest

► adverbio

1 besides, moreover

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

por demás (inútil) in vain, useless 2 (muy, demasiado) too

■ es por demás que vayas there's no point in going

■ su marido es por demás tacaño her husband is too mean

por lo demás apart from that, otherwise

■ es una película larga, pero por lo demás es interesante it's a long film, but otherwise it's interesting

todo lo demás everything else

■ me gustó el principio y todo lo demás I liked the beginning and everything else

y demás familiar and so on

■ compramos claveles, rosas y demás flores we bought some carnations, some roses and so on

* * *

adj.

rest, remaining

- lo demás
- los demás
- las demás
- por lo demás
- y demás
* * *

1.

ADJ

los demás libros — the other books, the rest of the books

y demás gente de ese tipo — and other people of that sort

2. PRON

1)

lo demás — the rest (of it)

los demás — the others, the rest (of them)

esto es lo importante y lo demás se puede eliminar — this is the important thing, we can get rid of the rest

todo lo demás — all the rest, everything else

las demás no tenían dinero — the others didn't have any money, the rest (of them) didn't have any money, no-one else had any money

esta ropa es de Juan y lo demás de Pedro — these clothes are Juan's and the others o the rest are Pedro's

2)

por lo demás — otherwise, apart from that

es muy larga, pero, por lo demás, es una buena novela — it's very long, but otherwise o apart from that it's a good novel

3)

y demás — and so on, and so forth

vimos la catedral, la muralla y demás — we saw the cathedral, the walls and so on o and so forth

4)

por demás frm —

a) (=a propósito)

una característica que, por demás, no es exclusiva suya — a characteristic which, incidentally o by the way, is not unique to him

ha escrito decenas de novelas, por demás excelentes — he has written dozens of novels, which are excellent by the way, he has written dozens of novels, excellent ones at that

b) (=en vano)

está por demás presentar una queja — it is pointless to make a complaint

nunca está por demás solicitarlo — you have nothing to lose by asking for it, it is always worthwhile asking for it

c) (=demasiado) excessively

un informe extenso por demás — an excessively long report

un político alabado por demás — a politician who has received excessive praise

* * *
I
adjetivo invariable (delante del n)

agregar los demás ingredientes — add the remaining ingredients

su viuda, hijos y demás familia — (frml) his widow, children and other members of the family
II
pronombre

1)

a)

lo demás — the rest

todo lo demás — everything else

b) (en locs)

por lo demás — apart from that, otherwise

por demás — extremely

le hablé en forma por demás ofensiva — he spoke to her in an extremely offensive manner

no estaría por demás intentarlo — there's no harm in trying

2)

a)

los/las demás — ( referido a cosas) the rest; ( referido a personas) the rest, everybody else

las cosas de los demás — other people's things

me dio uno y se quedó con los demás — he gave me one and kept the rest

b)

y demás — and the like

los crustáceos: langostas, cangrejos y demás — the crustaceans: lobsters, crabs, and the like

* * *

----

* darse a los demás = give of + Reflexivo.

* destacar por encima de los demás = stand out from + the rest, stand out above + the rest.

* destacar sobre los demás = stand out above + the rest, stand out from + the rest, stand out in + the crowd.

* dirigido hacia los demás = other-oriented.

* en lo demás = everywhere else.

* los demás = rest, the, everybody else.

* no ser menos que los demás = keep up with + the Joneses.

* orientado hacia los demás = other-oriented.

* ser muy superior a los demás = be way above all the others.

* sobresalir por encima de los demás = stand out from + the rest, a cut above the rest, stick up above + the rest, stick out above + the rest, a cut above, stand out above + the rest, stand out in + the crowd.

* sobresalir sobre los demás = stick up above + the rest, stick out above + the rest, a cut above the rest, a cut above, stand out above + the rest, stand out from + the rest, stand out in + the crowd.

* superior a los demás = a cut above the rest, a cut above.

* todo lo demás = all else.

* todos lo demás = everyone else.

* todos los demás = everybody else.

* * *
I
adjetivo invariable (delante del n)

agregar los demás ingredientes — add the remaining ingredients

su viuda, hijos y demás familia — (frml) his widow, children and other members of the family
II
pronombre

1)

a)

lo demás — the rest

todo lo demás — everything else

b) (en locs)

por lo demás — apart from that, otherwise

por demás — extremely

le hablé en forma por demás ofensiva — he spoke to her in an extremely offensive manner

no estaría por demás intentarlo — there's no harm in trying

2)

a)

los/las demás — ( referido a cosas) the rest; ( referido a personas) the rest, everybody else

las cosas de los demás — other people's things

me dio uno y se quedó con los demás — he gave me one and kept the rest

b)

y demás — and the like

los crustáceos: langostas, cangrejos y demás — the crustaceans: lobsters, crabs, and the like

* * *

* darse a los demás = give of + Reflexivo.

* destacar por encima de los demás = stand out from + the rest, stand out above + the rest.

* destacar sobre los demás = stand out above + the rest, stand out from + the rest, stand out in + the crowd.

* dirigido hacia los demás = other-oriented.

* en lo demás = everywhere else.

* los demás = rest, the, everybody else.

* no ser menos que los demás = keep up with + the Joneses.

* orientado hacia los demás = other-oriented.

* ser muy superior a los demás = be way above all the others.

* sobresalir por encima de los demás = stand out from + the rest, a cut above the rest, stick up above + the rest, stick out above + the rest, a cut above, stand out above + the rest, stand out in + the crowd.

* sobresalir sobre los demás = stick up above + the rest, stick out above + the rest, a cut above the rest, a cut above, stand out above + the rest, stand out from + the rest, stand out in + the crowd.

* superior a los demás = a cut above the rest, a cut above.

* todo lo demás = all else.

* todos lo demás = everyone else.

* todos los demás = everybody else.

* * *

demás¹

adj inv

( delante del n):

agregar los demás ingredientes add the remaining ingredients o the rest of the ingredients

su viuda, hijos y demás familia ( frml); his widow, children and other members of the family

demás²

pronoun

A

1

lo demás the rest

lo demás se puede arreglar con dinero everything else o the rest is just a question of money

2 ( en locs):

por lo demás apart from that, otherwise, in all other respects ( frml)

por demás extremely

le habló en forma por demás ofensiva he spoke to her in an extremely offensive manner

estar por demás: está por demás insistir it's no good o use insisting, there's no point insisting

no estaría por demás intentarlo there's no harm in trying

B

1

los/las demás: los/las demás votaron en contra the rest o everybody else voted against

las cosas de los demás other people's things

se comió los suyos y los de los demás he ate his own and everybody else's

me dio dos y se quedó con todos los demás he gave me two and kept the rest

2

y demás and the like

los crustáceos: langostas, cangrejos y demás the crustaceans: lobsters, crabs, and the like

* * *

demás adjetivo invariable ( delante del n):
◊ los demás estudiantes the rest of the o the remaining students

■ pronombre
1
a)

◊ lo demás the rest;

todo lo demás everything else
b) ( en locs)

◊ por lo demás apart from that, otherwise;

por demás extremely
2
◊ los/las demás ( referido a cosas) the rest, the others;

( referido a personas) the rest, everybody else;
◊ me dio uno y se quedó con los demás he gave me one and kept the rest o the others;

los demás han terminado the rest (of them) have finished, everybody else has finished
demás
I adjetivo los/las demás, the rest of
la demás gente, the rest of the people
II pron lo/ los/las demás, the rest
♦ Locuciones: por lo demás, otherwise o apart from that
... y demás, etcetera
' demás' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
achantarse
- confiada
- confiado
- consideración
- consistente
- dedicarse
- desvivirse
- eclipsar
- imponerse
- lata
- malmeter
- ombligo
- pajolera
- pajolero
- pequeña
- pequeño
- privada
- privado
- víspera
- costa
- nivel
- quedar
- resto
- retrasado
- sino
- sobresalir
- superior
English:
aloud
- angular
- courteous
- else
- fail
- insensitive
- interrupt
- isolate
- mix
- monopolize
- one-upmanship
- ostensible
- other
- otherwise
- propensity
- rest
- tolerant
- vicarious
- with
- live
- put
- rough

* * *

demás

♦ adj

1. [resto] other;

los demás invitados the other o the remaining guests;

las ranas y demás anfibios frogs and other amphibians

2. RP Fam [sensacional] great, cool, ace;

tu auto es demás your car's really cool;

la fiesta estuvo demás the party was great;

la casa le pareció demás she thought the house was fab

♦ pron

1. [otras personas]
los/las demás the others, the rest;

entramos ella y yo, los demás se quedaron fuera just she and I went in, the others stayed outside;

no te metas en los problemas de los demás don't stick your nose in other people's business;

se bebió su cerveza y las de los demás he drank his own beer and everyone else's

2. [otras cosas]
lo demás the rest;

sólo dejó la zanahoria, lo demás se lo comió todo she only left the carrot, she ate all the rest;

deja fuera tres filetes y congela los demás leave three fillets out and freeze the rest;

por lo demás apart from that, otherwise;

por lo demás me encuentro bien apart from that I feel fine;

todo lo demás everything else;

todo lo demás viene en otro camión all the rest will be coming along in another truck o Br lorry;

la casa tiene lavadora, lavaplatos y todo lo demás the house has a washing machine, a dishwasher and all the rest of it;

y demás and so on;

planetas, estrellas, asteroides y demás planets, stars, asteroids and so on

♦ por demás loc adv

1. [demasiado]
come por demás he eats too much o to excess;

me hacían regalos por demás they showered me with gifts;

es reservado por demás he's too reserved

2. [en vano] unsuccessfully, in vain

* * *

demás

I adj remaining

II pron

:

lo demás the rest;

los demás the rest, the others

III adv

:

por lo demás apart from that;

y demás and so on;

por demás extremely

* * *

demás adj

: remaining

acabó las demás tareas: she finished the rest of the chores

demás pron

1)

lo (la, los, las) demás : the rest, everyone else, everything else

Pepe, Rosa, y los demás: Pepe, Rosa, and everybody else

2)

estar por demás : to be of no use, to be pointless

no estaría por demás: it couldn't hurt, it's worth a try

3)

por demás : extremely

4)

por lo demás : otherwise

5)

y demás : and so on, et cetera

* * *

demás¹ adj other

le gustan los perros, los gatos y demás animales she likes cats, dogs and other animals

demás² pron

1. (cosa) rest

te puedes quedar con lo demás you can keep the rest

2. (personas) others

los demás se han ido hace un rato the others left a while ago

Spanish-English dictionary > demás
71 malice

malice [malis]

feminine noun

a. ( = espièglerie) mischievousness

• ... dit-il non sans malice... he said somewhat mischievously

b. ( = méchanceté) malice

• elle a dit ça sans malice she meant no harm by it

* * *
malis
nom féminin

1) ( taquinerie) mischief

avec malice — mischievously

2) (dated) ( malveillance) malice

être sans malice — to be harmless

* * *
malis nf
1) (= espièglerie) mischievousness

Son regard était plein de malice. — His eyes were full of mischief.

2) (= méchanceté) malice

par malice — out of malice, out of spite

sans malice — without malice, guileless

* * *

malice nf

1 ( taquinerie) mischief; avec or non sans malice mischievously;

2 †( malveillance) malice; être sans malice to be harmless; ne pas entendre malice à ( propos émis) to mean no harm by; ( propos perçus) to see no harm in.

[malis] nom féminin

mischievousness, impishness, prankishness

un regard plein ou pétillant de malice an impish ou a mischievous look

————————

sans malice locution adjectivale

guileless, innocent

————————

sans malice locution adverbiale

je me suis moqué de lui, mais c'était sans malice I made fun of him but it wasn't serious

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > malice
72 dabei

da·bei [daʼbai] adv

1) ( örtlich); ( mitgegeben) with [it/them];

ein kleines Häuschen mit einem Garten \dabei a little house with a garden;

die Rechnung war nicht \dabei the bill was not enclosed;

ist der Salat bei dem Gericht \dabei? does the meal come with a salad?, is there a salad with the meal?;

direkt/nahe \dabei right next/near to it

2) ( zeitlich); ( währenddessen) at the same time, while doing so;

Arbeit am Computer? aber \dabei muss man doch immer so viel tippen! working on the computer? But that involves so much typing!; ( dadurch) as a result

3) ( außerdem) on top of it all, to boot ( Brit), besides (Am)

sie ist schön und \dabei auch noch klug she is beautiful and clever to boot

4) ( während einer Verrichtung) while doing it;

er wollte helfen und wurde \dabei selbst verletzt he wanted to help and in doing so got hurt himself;

wir haben ihn \dabei ertappt, wie er über den Zaun stieg we caught him [while he was] climbing over the fence;

die \dabei entstehenden Kosten sind sehr hoch the resulting costs are very high;

das Dumme/Schöne \dabei ist,... the stupid/good thing about it is...;

interessant/wichtig \dabei ist,... the interesting/important thing about it is...

5) einräumend ( doch) even though

6) ( damit verbunden) through it/them;

das Geschäft ist riskant, \dabei kann man aber reich werden it's a risky business but it can make you rich;

nimm meine Bemerkung nicht so ernst, ich habe mir nichts \dabei gedacht don't take my remark so seriously - I didn't mean anything by it;

was hast du dir denn \dabei gedacht? what were you thinking of?;

nichts \dabei finden[, etw zu tun/wenn jd etw tut] to not see the harm in [doing/sb doing] sth;

es ist nichts \dabei[, wenn man/jd etw tut] there is no harm in [one/sb doing] sth;

da ist [doch] nichts \dabei ( das ist doch nicht schwierig) there's nothing to it;

( das ist nicht schlimm) there's no harm in it;

was ist schon \dabei what does it matter

7) ( wie gesagt)

→ belassen, bleiben, lassen

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > dabei
73 Я-35

ЯЗЫК БЕЗ КОСТЕЙ у кого coll, disapprov VP subj. with бытье, pres only fixed WO
s.o. is very talkative, says things he should not, is not careful about what he says: у X-a язык без костей = X has a loose tongue
X's tongue runs away with him X runs off at the mouth X's tongue is out of control X's tongue is always wagging.
«Ишь, сопит! Обиделся, видно, малолетка... Я ведь так, не со зла... Язык без костей, вот и мелю...» (Максимов 2). "Hell, he's snivelling! Must have offended him....Don't mind me, kid, I don't mean any harm. My tongue runs away with me and I say all kinds of junk..." (2a).

«Молотишь, папаня, что ни попадя, язык без костей» (Максимов 1). "You're talking a lot of rubbish, Dad, your tongue's out of control" (1a).

У нас, знаешь, в деревне языки без костей - кому чего на ум взбредет, то и болтают». - «А чего болтают, - возразила Ксения. — Хоть и деревня, а тоже народ живет не дурее других. Болтать зря не будут» (Войнович 4). "You know, tongues are always wagging in this village, someone gets an idea, they've got to blab about it." "What do you mean blab," objected Ksenia. "It might be a village but people here don't live any worse than other people. We don't go in for idle talk" (4a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Я-35
74 язык без костей

• ЯЗЫК БЕЗ КОСТЕЙ у кого coll, disapprov

[VPsubj with быть, pres only; fixed WO]

=====

⇒ s.o. is very talkative, says things he should not, is not careful about what he says:

- у X-a язык без костей≈ X has a loose tongue;

- X's tongue runs away with him;

- X runs off at the mouth;

- X's tongue is out of control;

- X's tongue is always wagging.

     ♦ "Ишь, сопит! Обиделся, видно, малолетка... Я ведь так, не со зла... Язык без костей, вот и мелю..." (Максимов 2). "Hell, he's snivelling! Must have offended him....Don't mind me, kid, I don't mean any harm. My tongue runs away with me and I say all kinds of junk..." (2a).

     ♦ "Молотишь, папаня, что ни попадя, язык без костей" (Максимов 1). "You're talking a lot of rubbish, Dad, your tongue's out of control" (1a).

     ♦ "У нас, знаешь, в деревне языки без костей - кому чего на ум взоредёт, то и болтают". - "А чего болтают, - возразила Ксения. - Хоть и деревня, а тоже народ живёт не дурее других. Болтать зря не будут" (Войнович 4). "You know, tongues are always wagging in this village; someone gets an idea, they've got to blab about it." "What do you mean blab," objected Ksenia. "It might be a village but people here don't live any worse than other people. We don't go in for idle talk" (4a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > язык без костей
75 bad

bæd
comparative - worse; adjective

1) (not good; not efficient: He is a bad driver; His eyesight is bad; They are bad at tennis (= they play tennis badly).) malo

2) (wicked; immoral: a bad man; He has done some bad things.) malo

3) (unpleasant: bad news.) malo

4) (rotten: This meat is bad.) malo, podrido, pasado

5) (causing harm or injury: Smoking is bad for your health.) malo, perjudicial, nocivo, pernicioso

6) ((of a part of the body) painful, or in a weak state: She has a bad heart; I have a bad head (= headache) today.) que duele; enfermo

7) (unwell: I am feeling quite bad today.) mal

8) (serious or severe: a bad accident; a bad mistake.) grave

9) ((of a debt) not likely to be paid: The firm loses money every year from bad debts.) incobrable

•

- badly
- badness
- badly off
- feel bad about something
- feel bad
- go from bad to worse
- not bad
- too bad

bad adj

1. malo

the weather was bad hizo mal tiempo

I've got some bad news tengo malas noticias

2. grave / fuerte

a bad accident un accidente grave

a bad headache un fuerte dolor de cabeza

a bad cold un resfriado fuerte

3. malo / podrido / pasado

this peach is bad este melocotón está podrido

to be not bad estar bien / no estar mal

this book's not bad at all este libro no está nada mal

how are things? Not bad ¿cómo va todo? Bien

to be bad at something ser malo en algo / darse mal algo

I'm bad at maths soy malo en mates / se me dan mal las mates

to be bad for you ser malo / ser malo para la salud

smoking is bad for you fumar es malo

to go bad podrirse / echarse a perder

this ham has gone bad este jamón se ha echado a perder

El comparativo de bad es worse; el superlativo es worst

bad

tr[bæd]

adjective (comp worse, superl worst)

1 malo,-a (before masc noun) mal

■ he made a bad decision tomó una mala decisión

■ he arrived at a bad time llegó en un mal momento

2 (rotten) podrido,-a, pasado,-a

3 (serious) grave

■ they had a bad accident tuvieron un accidente grave

4 (harmful) nocivo,-a, perjudicial

■ cigarettes are bad for your health el tabaco es perjudicial para la salud

5 (polluted) viciado,-a, contaminado,-a

6 (naughty) malo,-a, travieso,-a

7 (aches, illnesses) fuerte, intenso,-a

■ he's got a bad headache tiene un fuerte dolor de cabeza

8 (tooth) cariado,-a

noun

1 lo malo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

too bad! ¡mala pata!, ¡qué lástima!

to be bad at (skill, subject) ser malo,-a en

■ he's bad at English es malo en inglés

■ I'm really bad at Maths soy nulo para las mates

to be in a bad way estar hecho,-a un Cristo

to be in somebody's bad books estar en la lista negra de alguien

to come to a bad end acabar mal

to feel bad encontrarse mal

to feel bad about something saberle mal a alguien algo

■ I feel bad about the accident me sabe mal lo del accidente

to go bad (food) estropearse, alterarse

to go from bad to worse ir de mal en peor

to have a bad leg tener la pierna lisiada

to look bad (person) tener mala cara 2 (situation) pintar mal

to take the bad with the good estar a las duras y a las maduras

bad cheque cheque nombre masculino sin fondos

bad debt deuda incobrable

bad news malas noticias nombre femenino plural 3 figurative use mal bicho

bad ['bæd] adv badly

bad adj

1) : malo

2) rotten: podrido

3) serious, severe: grave

4) defective: defectuoso

a bad check: un cheque sin fondos

5) harmful: perjudicial

6) corrupt, evil: malo, corrompido

7) naughty: travieso

8)

from bad to worse : de mal en peor

9)

too bad! : ¡qué lástima!

bad n

: lo malo

the good and the bad: lo bueno y lo malo

bad

adj.

• dañado, -a adj.

• desgraciado, -a adj.

• falso, -a adj.

• fatal adj.

• maleta adj.

• malo, -a adj.

• podrido, -a adj.

I bæd
adjective (comp worse; superl worst) [The usual translation, malo, becomes mal when it is used before a masculine singular noun]

1)

a) ( of poor quality) malo

bad example — mal ejemplo m

b) (unreliable, incompetent) (pred)

to be bad at something/-ing — ser* malo para algo/+ inf

I'm bad at names — soy malo or no tengo cabeza para los nombres

to be bad about -ing: he's bad about apologising le cuesta pedir disculpas; to be bad on something: I'm bad on punctuation — la puntuación no es mi fuerte

2)

a) ( unpleasant) malo

I've had a bad day — he tenido (un) mal día

to go from bad to worse — ir* de mal en peor

it tastes/smells bad — sabe/huele mal

b) ( unsatisfactory) malo

you've come at a bad moment — vienes en (un) mal momento

that's not bad at all! — no está nada mal!

it'll look bad if you don't turn up — queda mal or feo que no vayas

it's too bad you can't come — es una lástima or una pena que no puedas venir

if she doesn't like it, that's just too bad — (colloq) si no le gusta, peor para ella

c) ( harmful) malo

to be bad for somebody/something: too much food is bad for you comer demasiado es malo or hace mal; smoking is bad for your health — fumar es malo or perjudicial para la salud

3)

a) <behavior/manners> malo

b) ( evil) malo

anyone who likes children can't be all bad — si le gustan los niños no puede ser tan malo

4) <mistake/injury> grave; < headache> fuerte

he has a bad cough — tiene mucha tos

5) ( rotten) <egg/fruit> podrido

to go bad — echarse a perder

6) ( afflicted)

she's got a bad knee — tiene problemas con la rodilla

how are you? - not (too) bad! — (colloq) ¿qué tal estás? - aquí ando, tirando (fam)

to be in a bad way — (colloq) estar* fatal (fam)

7) ( sorry)

I feel bad about not having written to her — me da no sé qué no haberle escrito

it's not your fault; there's no need to feel bad about it — no es culpa tuya, no tienes por qué preocuparte

II

mass noun

all the bad that he's done — todo el mal que ha hecho

there's good and bad in everybody — todos tenemos cosas buenas y malas

you have to learn to take the bad with the good — hay que aprender a aceptar lo bueno y lo malo

III

adverb (esp AmE colloq)

to need something real bad — necesitar algo desesperadamente

if you want it bad enough — si de verdad lo quieres

she's got it bad for him — está loca por él, se derrite por él (fam)

[bæd]
1. ADJ
(compar worse) (superl worst)
1) (=disagreeable) malo

I've had a bad day at work — he tenido un mal día en el trabajo

to taste bad — saber mal, no saber bueno

she looked as if she had a bad smell under her nose — parecía como si algo le oliera mal

• to go from bad to worse — ir de mal en peor
mood II, 1., temper 1., 1), time 1., 7)
2) (=poor, inferior) malo

her English is bad — habla inglés mal

his handwriting is bad — tiene mala letra

business is bad — el negocio va mal

• to be bad at sth — ser malo para algo

I was bad at sports — era muy malo para los deportes, los deportes se me daban mal

• he was a bad driver — era un mal conductor

• that's not a bad idea — esa no es una mala idea

• I'm a bad liar — no sé mentir

• bad light stopped play — se suspendió el partido debido a la falta de luz

• it would make me look bad in the press — daría una mala imagen de mí en la prensa

• he wasn't bad- looking — no estaba mal

• bad management — mala administración

• this wine's not bad at all — este vino no está nada mal

• too bad, it's too bad you couldn't get tickets — es una pena or una lástima que no hayas podido conseguir entradas

"that was my drink!" - "too bad!" — -¡ésa era mi bebida! -¡qué le vamos a hacer!

if you don't like it, (that's) too bad! — si no te gusta, ¡peor para ti!

• the firm has had a bad year — la empresa ha tenido un mal año

3) (=serious, severe) [accident, mistake] grave; [headache] fuerte

she's got a bad cold — está muy resfriada, tiene un resfriado fuerte

the traffic was bad today — hoy había mucho tráfico

4) (=unfavourable) malo

the plane was diverted due to bad weather — el avión fue desviado debido al mal tiempo

you've come at a bad time — vienes en un mal momento

things are looking bad for the government — las cosas se están poniendo feas para el gobierno

it'll look bad if we don't go — quedará mal que no vayamos
book 1., 1)
5) (=harmful) malo

he was a bad influence — era una mala influencia

• to be bad for sth/sb, smoking is bad for you or for your health — fumar es malo or perjudicial para la salud, fumar perjudica la salud

soap is bad for the skin — el jabón no es bueno para la piel

6) (=wicked) [person, behaviour] malo

you bad boy! — ¡qué niño más malo eres!

they're a bad lot * — no son buena gente

he said a bad word — ha dicho una palabrota

• it's too bad of you! — ¿no te da vergüenza?

it's really too bad of him! — ¡realmente no tiene vergüenza!
language 1., 5)
7)

• to feel bad about sth (=sorry) —

I feel bad about hurting his feelings — me sabe mal haber herido sus sentimientos (=guilty)

are you trying to make me feel bad? — ¿estás intentando hacer que me sienta culpable?

don't feel bad (about it), it's not your fault — no te preocupes, no es culpa tuya

8) (=ailing)

I feel bad — me siento mal

he has a bad back — está mal de la espalda

• to be in a bad way, the economy is in a bad way — la economía va mal

he looked in a bad way — tenía mal aspecto

9) (=rotten) [food] podrido; [milk] cortado; [tooth] picado

• to go bad — pasarse, estropearse
blood
10) (Econ) [cheque] sin fondos

• a bad debt — una deuda incobrable or de pago dudoso

2.

N lo malo

parents can have a powerful influence for good or bad — los padres pueden tener mucha influencia para lo bueno y para lo malo

there's good and bad in this news — esta noticia tiene su lado bueno y su lado malo

there is both good and bad in every human being — hay una parte buena y una parte mala en cada ser humano

to take the bad with the good — aceptar tanto lo bueno como lo malo

3.

ADV
*
he's hurt bad — está malherido

she took it bad — se lo tomó a mal

if you want it that bad you can pay for it yourself — si tanto lo quieres, comprátelo tú

to need sth real bad — necesitar algo desesperadamente

• the way she looks at him, you can tell she's got it bad — por la forma en que lo mira, se nota que está colada por él *

• to be in bad with sb, he's in bad with the law — tiene problemas con la ley

4.

CPD

bad apple N — (=person) manzana f podrida

bad guy * N — (=baddy) (in film, story) malo m ; (=criminal) delincuente m

bad hair day * N — (=bad day) mal día m

• to have a bad hair day — (bad day) tener un mal día; (with messy hair) tener el pelo todo revuelto
BAD
"Malo" shortened to "mal"
► Malo must be shortened to mal before a masculine singular noun:
He was in a bad mood Estaba de mal humor
Position of "malo"
► Mal/ Mala {etc} precedes the noun in general comments. Here, there is no comparison, implied or explicit, with something better:
I'm afraid I have some bad news for you Me temo que traigo malas noticias para usted
I've had a bad day today Hoy he tenido un mal día ► Malo/ Mala {etc} follows the noun when there is an implicit or explicit comparison with something good:
... his only bad day in the race...... su único día malo en la carrera...
Ser/Estar malo
► Use malo with ser to describe inherent qualities and characteristics:
Smoking is bad for your health Fumar es malo para la salud
This is a very bad film Esta película es malísima ► Use malo with estar to describe unpleasant food or else to mean "unwell":
The food was really bad La comida estaba malísima
He's been unwell lately Ha estado malo últimamente
Estar mal
► Use estar with the adverb mal to give a general comment on a situation that seems bad or wrong:
Cheating in your exams is really bad Está muy mal que copies en los exámenes
In the space of an hour I've signed fifty books. Not bad En una hora he firmado cincuenta libros. No está mal
I managed to come second, which wasn't bad He conseguido acabar segundo, lo que no estuvo mal For further uses and examples, see main entry
* * *

I [bæd]
adjective (comp worse; superl worst) [The usual translation, malo, becomes mal when it is used before a masculine singular noun]

1)

a) ( of poor quality) malo

bad example — mal ejemplo m

b) (unreliable, incompetent) (pred)

to be bad at something/-ing — ser* malo para algo/+ inf

I'm bad at names — soy malo or no tengo cabeza para los nombres

to be bad about -ing: he's bad about apologising le cuesta pedir disculpas; to be bad on something: I'm bad on punctuation — la puntuación no es mi fuerte

2)

a) ( unpleasant) malo

I've had a bad day — he tenido (un) mal día

to go from bad to worse — ir* de mal en peor

it tastes/smells bad — sabe/huele mal

b) ( unsatisfactory) malo

you've come at a bad moment — vienes en (un) mal momento

that's not bad at all! — no está nada mal!

it'll look bad if you don't turn up — queda mal or feo que no vayas

it's too bad you can't come — es una lástima or una pena que no puedas venir

if she doesn't like it, that's just too bad — (colloq) si no le gusta, peor para ella

c) ( harmful) malo

to be bad for somebody/something: too much food is bad for you comer demasiado es malo or hace mal; smoking is bad for your health — fumar es malo or perjudicial para la salud

3)

a) <behavior/manners> malo

b) ( evil) malo

anyone who likes children can't be all bad — si le gustan los niños no puede ser tan malo

4) <mistake/injury> grave; < headache> fuerte

he has a bad cough — tiene mucha tos

5) ( rotten) <egg/fruit> podrido

to go bad — echarse a perder

6) ( afflicted)

she's got a bad knee — tiene problemas con la rodilla

how are you? - not (too) bad! — (colloq) ¿qué tal estás? - aquí ando, tirando (fam)

to be in a bad way — (colloq) estar* fatal (fam)

7) ( sorry)

I feel bad about not having written to her — me da no sé qué no haberle escrito

it's not your fault; there's no need to feel bad about it — no es culpa tuya, no tienes por qué preocuparte

II

mass noun

all the bad that he's done — todo el mal que ha hecho

there's good and bad in everybody — todos tenemos cosas buenas y malas

you have to learn to take the bad with the good — hay que aprender a aceptar lo bueno y lo malo

III

adverb (esp AmE colloq)

to need something real bad — necesitar algo desesperadamente

if you want it bad enough — si de verdad lo quieres

she's got it bad for him — está loca por él, se derrite por él (fam)

English-spanish dictionary > bad
76 ask

1. transitive verb
1) fragen

ask [somebody] a question — [jemandem] eine Frage stellen

ask somebody's name — nach jemandes Namen fragen

ask somebody [something] — jemanden [nach etwas] fragen

ask somebody about something — jemanden nach etwas fragen

I ask you! — (coll.) ich muss schon sagen!

if you ask me — (coll.) [also,] wenn du mich fragst

2) (seek to obtain)

ask something — um etwas bitten

how much are you asking for that car? — wieviel verlangen Sie für das Auto?

ask somebody to do something — jemanden [darum] bitten, etwas zu tun

ask a lot of somebody — viel von jemandem verlangen

asking price — geforderter Preis

it's yours for the asking — du kannst es gern haben

3) (invite) einladen

ask somebody to dinner — jemanden zum Essen einladen

ask somebody out — jemanden einladen
2. intransitive verb
you may well ask — du hast allen Grund zu fragen

ask after somebody/something — nach jemandem/etwas fragen

ask for something/somebody — etwas/jemanden verlangen

ask for it — (coll.): (invite trouble) es herausfordern

* * *

verb

1) (to put a question: He asked me what the time was; Ask the price of that scarf; Ask her where to go; Ask him about it; If you don't know, ask.) fragen

2) (to express a wish to someone for something: I asked her to help me; I asked (him) for a day off; He rang and asked for you; Can I ask a favour of you?) bitten

3) (to invite: He asked her to his house for lunch.) einladen

•

- academic.ru/84292/ask_after">ask after
- ask for
- for the asking
* * *

ask

[ɑ:sk, AM æsk]

I. vt

1. (request information)

▪ to \ask [sb] sth [or ( form) sth [of sb]] [jdn] etw fragen

she \asked me about Welsh history sie fragte mich was zur Geschichte von Wales

\ask him why he did it! frag ihn, warum er es getan hat!

to \ask a question [about sth] [zu etw dat] eine Frage stellen

may I \ask you a question? darf ich Sie etwas fragen?

to \ask sb a riddle jdm ein Rätsel stellen

2. (request)

▪ to \ask sth um etw akk bitten

the solicitor \asked that her client should be allowed to make a telephone call die Anwältin bat darum, dass ihr Klient telefonieren dürfe

and you're \asking me to believe that?! und das soll ich glauben?!

to \ask [sb] advice/a favour [jdn] um Rat/einen Gefallen bitten

to \ask sb's opinion jdn um seine Meinung bitten

▪ to \ask sb for sth [or ( form) sth of sb] jdn um etw akk bitten

she \asked me for help sie bat mich, ihr zu helfen

3. (invite)

▪ to \ask sb [to sth] jdn [zu etw dat] einladen

4. (demand a price)

to \ask £50 [for sth] 50 Pfund [für etw akk] verlangen

how much are they \asking for the car? was wollen sie für das Auto haben?

5. (expect)

to \ask too much of sb zu viel von jdm verlangen

that's \asking a lot! Sie verlangen eine ganze Menge!

6.

▶ don't \ask me mich brauchst du nicht zu fragen

▶ I \ask you! ich bitte dich!

▶ if you \ask me wenn du mich fragst

II. vi

1. (request information) fragen

you may well \ask, well may you \ask BRIT ( hum) gute Frage

▪ to \ask about sb/sth nach jdm/etw fragen, sich akk nach jdm/etw erkundigen

how did the meeting go? — don't \ask! wie war das Treffen? — frag bloß nicht!

I was only \asking! war ja nur 'ne Frage! fam

2. (make a request) bitten

if you need help, don't hesitate to \ask [or you only have to \ask] wenn Sie Hilfe brauchen, sagen Sie es nur

I \asked to see my accountant ich bat um einen Termin mit meinem Steuerberater

3. (wish)

▪ to \ask for sth sich dat etw wünschen

who could \ask for anything more? was kann man sich Besseres wünschen?

4. ( fig: take a risk)

▪ to be \asking for sth etw geradezu herausfordern

if you leave your car unlocked, you're simply \asking to have it stolen wenn Sie Ihren Wagen nicht abschließen, laden Sie die Autodiebe ja förmlich ein

you're \asking for trouble du willst wohl Ärger haben!

he's always \asking for trouble er macht immer Ärger

you're \asking for it du willst es ja nicht anders

5.

▶ don't \ask, don't tell policy MIL Politik f des Stillschweigens (über sexuelle Orientierung)

III. n STOCKEX Angebotskurs m, Ask m, Brief m

* * *
[Aːsk]
1. vt

1) (= inquire) fragen; question stellen

to ask sb the way/the time/his opinion — jdn nach dem Weg/der Uhrzeit/seiner Meinung fragen

to ask if... — (nach)fragen, ob...

he asked me where I'd been — er fragte mich, wo ich gewesen sei or wäre (inf) or bin (inf)

if you ask me — wenn du mich fragst

don't ask me! (inf) — frag mich nicht, was weiß ich!

I ask you! (inf) — ich muss schon sagen!

2) (= invite) einladen; (in dancing) auffordern

to ask sb for or to lunch — jdn zum (Mittag)essen einladen

3) (= request) bitten (sb for sth jdn um etw); (= require, demand) verlangen (sth of sb etw von jdm)

to ask sb to do sth — jdn darum bitten, etw zu tun

are you asking me to believe that? — und das soll ich glauben?

all I ask is... — ich will ja nur...

you don't ask for much, do you? (iro) — sonst noch was? (iro), sonst or weiter nichts? (iro)

could I ask your advice? — darf ich Sie um Rat bitten?

he asked to be excused — er bat, ihn zu entschuldigen, er entschuldigte sich

that's asking the impossible — das ist ein Ding der Unmöglichkeit

he asks too much of me — er verlangt zu viel von mir

that's asking too much — das ist zu viel verlangt

4) (COMM) price verlangen, fordern

2. vi

1) (= inquire) fragen

to ask about sb/sth — sich nach jdm/etw erkundigen

ask away! — frag nur!

I only asked —

and what does that mean, may I ask? — und was soll das bedeuten, wenn ich mal fragen darf?

well may you ask — das fragt man sich mit Recht

2) (= request) bitten (for sth um etw)

you just have to ask — du musst nur was sagen (inf), du brauchst nur zu fragen

I'm not asking for sympathy — ich will kein Mitleid

there's no harm in asking — Fragen kostet nichts!

it's yours for the asking —

you are asking for trouble — du willst wohl Ärger haben

if you do that you're asking for trouble — wenn du das tust, dann kriegst du Ärger

that's asking for trouble —

you asked for it (inf) — du hast es ja so gewollt

he's asking for it (inf) — er will es ja so, er will es ja nicht anders

to ask for Mr X — Herrn X verlangen

she was asking for you (Scot) — sie hat sich nach dir erkundigt

to ask for sth back — etw wiederhaben wollen

* * *

ask [ɑːsk; US æsk]

A v/t

1. jemanden fragen, jemandem eine Frage stellen:

if you ask me, … wenn Sie mich fragen, …;

don’t ask me! keine Ahnung!;

I ask you! umg ich muss schon sagen!

2. jemanden fragen nach, sich bei jemandem nach etwas erkundigen:

ask sb the way;

ask sb for advice jemanden um Rat fragen;

ask sb (for) his name jemanden nach seinem Namen fragen;

ask sb’s opinion jemanden um seine Meinung fragen;

ask sb a question jemandem eine Frage stellen;

may I ask you a question? darf ich Sie etwas fragen?;

ask no questions keine Fragen stellen; → another 2, silly A 1

3. etwas erfragen:

ask the time fragen, wie spät es ist;

ask the way sich nach dem Weg erkundigen;

might I ask what …? darf ich fragen, was …?

4. a) bitten um, etwas erbitten:

ask advice einen Rat erbitten

b) auch ask for jemanden bitten oder ersuchen oder angehen um:

ask sb in jemanden hereinbitten;

ask sb out jemanden ausführen;

ask sb for advice jemanden um Rat bitten;

we were asked to believe man wollte uns glauben machen; → favor B 2

5. verlangen, fordern:

ask a high price for sth;

that’s asking too much das ist zu viel verlangt;

ask too much of sb zu viel von jemandem verlangen;

asked (Börse) Brief;

asked price (Börse) Briefkurs m; → world Bes Redew

6. fig erfordern

7. einladen (for, to zu):

ask sb to dinner;

be asked out eingeladen sein

8. obs das Aufgebot verkünden

B v/i

1. fragen, sich erkundigen ( beide:

for, about, after nach):

ask around herumfragen, sich umhören;

tell Tom I was asking for him grüß Tom herzlich von mir;

you may well ask das ist eine gute Frage;

I was only asking war ja nur eine Frage;

why do you ask? warum fragst du?

2. bitten ( for um):

ask for help;

he asked for it ( oder for trouble) umg er wollte es ja so haben, er hat es herausgefordert oder selbst heraufbeschworen;

he’s as good a teacher as you could ask for er ist der beste Lehrer, den man sich vorstellen kann

3. fig verlangen, erfordern ( beide:

for akk):

the matter asks for great care

4. ask for sb jemanden oder nach jemandem verlangen, nach jemandem fragen, jemanden zu sprechen wünschen

* * *
1. transitive verb
1) fragen

ask [somebody] a question — [jemandem] eine Frage stellen

ask somebody's name — nach jemandes Namen fragen

ask somebody [something] — jemanden [nach etwas] fragen

ask somebody about something — jemanden nach etwas fragen

I ask you! — (coll.) ich muss schon sagen!

if you ask me — (coll.) [also,] wenn du mich fragst

2) (seek to obtain)

ask something — um etwas bitten

how much are you asking for that car? — wieviel verlangen Sie für das Auto?

ask somebody to do something — jemanden [darum] bitten, etwas zu tun

ask a lot of somebody — viel von jemandem verlangen

asking price — geforderter Preis

it's yours for the asking — du kannst es gern haben

3) (invite) einladen

ask somebody to dinner — jemanden zum Essen einladen

ask somebody out — jemanden einladen
2. intransitive verb
you may well ask — du hast allen Grund zu fragen

ask after somebody/something — nach jemandem/etwas fragen

ask for something/somebody — etwas/jemanden verlangen

ask for it — (coll.): (invite trouble) es herausfordern

* * *

(for) v.

bitten (um) v.

erfragen v.

fordern v.

fragen (nach) v. v.

auffordern v.

bitten v.

(§ p.,pp.: bat, gebeten)

fragen v.

verlangen v.

English-german dictionary > ask
77 bad

1. adjective,
worse, worst

1) schlecht; (worthless) wertlos, ungedeckt [Scheck]; (rotten) schlecht, verdorben [Fleisch, Fisch, Essen]; faul [Ei, Apfel]; (unpleasant) schlecht, unangenehm [Geruch]

something gives somebody a bad name — etwas trägt jemandem einen schlechten Ruf ein

somebody gets a bad name — jemand kommt in Verruf

she is in bad health — sie hat eine angegriffene Gesundheit

[some] bad news — schlechte od. schlimme Nachrichten

bad breath — Mundgeruch, der

he is having a bad day — er hat einen schwarzen Tag

bad hair day — (coll) schlechter Tag

I'm having a bad hair day — (coll.) heute geht bei mir alles schief

bad business — ein schlechtes Geschäft

it is a bad business — (fig.) das ist eine schlimme Sache

in the bad old days — in den schlimmen Jahren

not bad — (coll.) nicht schlecht; nicht übel

something is not a bad idea — etwas ist keine schlechte Idee

not half bad — (coll.) [gar] nicht schlecht

something is too bad — (coll.) etwas ist ein Jammer

too bad! — (coll.) so ein Pech! (auch iron.)

go bad — schlecht werden

2) (noxious) schlecht; schädlich

3) (wicked) schlecht; (immoral) schlecht; verdorben; (naughty) ungezogen, böse [Kind, Hund]

4) (offensive)

[use] bad language — Kraftausdrücke [benutzen]

5) (in ill health)

she's bad today — es geht ihr heute schlecht

I have a bad pain/finger — ich habe schlimme Schmerzen/(ugs.) einen schlimmen Finger

be in a bad way — in schlechtem Zustand sein

6) (serious) schlimm, böse [Sturz, Krise]; schwer [Fehler, Krankheit, Unfall, Erschütterung]; hoch [Fieber]; schrecklich [Feuer]

7) (coll.): (regretful)

a bad conscience — ein schlechtes Gewissen

feel bad about something/not having done something — etwas bedauern/bedauern, dass man etwas nicht getan hat

I feel bad about him/her — ich habe seinetwegen/ihretwegen ein schlechtes Gewissen

8) (Commerc.)

a bad debt — eine uneinbringliche Schuld (Wirtsch.). See also academic.ru/83116/worse">worse 1.; worst 1.
2. noun
be £100 to the bad — mit 100 Pfund in der Kreide stehen (ugs.)

go to the bad — auf die schiefe Bahn geraten

* * *
[bæd]
comparative - worse; adjective

1) (not good; not efficient: He is a bad driver; His eyesight is bad; They are bad at tennis (= they play tennis badly).) schlecht

2) (wicked; immoral: a bad man; He has done some bad things.) böse

3) (unpleasant: bad news.) schlecht

4) (rotten: This meat is bad.) schlecht

5) (causing harm or injury: Smoking is bad for your health.) schlecht

6) ((of a part of the body) painful, or in a weak state: She has a bad heart; I have a bad head (= headache) today.) schlecht

7) (unwell: I am feeling quite bad today.) schlecht

8) (serious or severe: a bad accident; a bad mistake.) schlimm

9) ((of a debt) not likely to be paid: The firm loses money every year from bad debts.) ungünstig

•

- badly
- badness
- badly off
- feel bad about something
- feel bad
- go from bad to worse
- not bad
- too bad
* * *

bad

<worse, worst>

[bæd]

I. adj

1. (inferior, of low quality) schlecht

not \bad! nicht schlecht!

not half \bad! ( fam) [gar] nicht übel! fam

to have \bad taste einen schlechten Geschmack haben

2. (incompetent) schlecht

▪ to be \bad at sth etw nicht gut können

he's \bad at flirting er kann nicht gut flirten

to be very \bad at football sehr schlecht Fußball spielen

to be \bad at German/maths schlecht in Deutsch/Mathe sein

3. (unpleasant, unfavourable) schlecht; (difficult) schwierig

they have a \bad marriage sie führen keine gute Ehe

things are looking \bad [for him] es sieht nicht gut [für ihn] aus

things look \bad in this company es sieht nicht gut für die Firma aus

if it's \bad weather, we won't play bei schlechtem Wetter spielen wir nicht

things are [or it is] going from \bad to worse es wird immer schlimmer

this year their situation has gone from \bad to worse ihre Situation hat sich in diesem Jahr zunehmend verschlechtert [o verschlimmert]

a \bad dream ein böser Traum

\bad news schlechte Nachrichten

a \bad situation eine schlimme Situation

a \bad smell ein übler Geruch

\bad times schwere Zeiten

4. (objectionable) person, character, manners schlecht

it was \bad of you to laugh at her in front of everybody es war gemein von dir, sie vor allen auszulachen

to fall in with a \bad crowd in eine üble Bande geraten

a \bad egg ( fig fam) eine ziemlich üble Person

a \bad habit eine schlechte Angewohnheit

to use \bad language Kraftausdrücke benutzen

a \bad neighbourhood eine verkommene [Wohn]gegend

to have a \bad personality eine unangenehme Art haben

sb's \bad points jds schlechte Seiten

to be a \bad sport ein schlechter Verlierer/eine schlechte Verliererin sein

to have a \bad temper schlecht gelaunt sein

5. (naughty) ungezogen; (wicked, aggressive) böse

\bad blood böses Blut

[to act] in \bad faith in böser Absicht [handeln]

6. (pity) schade

too \bad zu schade [o fam dumm

7. (regretful)

to feel \bad about sth sich akk wegen einer S. gen schlecht fühlen

8. (unfortunate) decision schlecht, unglücklich

\bad luck Pech nt

9. (harmful) schlecht, schädlich

▪ to be \bad for sb schlecht für jdn sein

to be \bad for sb's health jds Gesundheit schaden

to be \bad for one's teeth schlecht für die Zähne sein

10. (spoiled) food verdorben, schlecht; ( fig) atmosphere, reputation schlecht

to have a \bad name einen schlechten Ruf haben

to go \bad verderben, schlecht werden

11. (serious) schlimm

to have a \bad cold eine schlimme Erkältung haben

a \bad crime ein schweres Verbrechen

a \bad debt eine uneinbringliche Schuld

a \bad storm ein heftiger Sturm

to be nowhere near as \bad as... nicht halb [o annähernd] so schlimm sein wie...

12. MED schlecht

I feel \bad mir geht es nicht gut

to have a \bad leg ein schlimmes Bein haben

to have \bad skin [or a bad complexion] schlechte Haut haben

13. (not valid) cheque falsch

14. AM (sl: cool) fabelhaft, super

15.

▶ to give sth up as a \bad job BRIT etw abschreiben fig fam

▶ sb has it \bad (sl) jdn hat es schwer erwischt hum fam

he's got it \bad for Lucy er ist total verknallt in Lucy fam

▶ to make the best of a \bad job das Beste aus einer schlechten Situation machen

II. adv ( fam) sehr

to need sth [real] \bad etw dringend brauchen

to want sth \bad etw unbedingt haben wollen

III. n no pl

1. (ill luck)

to take the \bad with the good auch das Schlechte [o die schlechten Seiten] in Kauf nehmen

2. (evil) Schlechte(s) nt

▪ the \bad das Böse; (people) die Bösen pl

there is good and \bad in everybody jeder hat seine guten und schlechten Seiten

3. (immoral state)

to go to the \bad auf die schiefe Bahn geraten

4. (debt)

to be in the \bad im Minus sein

5. (mistake) Fehler m

6. (disfavour)

to be in \bad with sb bei jdm in Ungnade sein

* * *
I [bd]
1. adj comp worse,
superl worst
1) schlecht; smell übel; habit schlecht, übel; insurance risk hoch; word unanständig, schlimm; (= immoral, wicked) böse; (= naughty, misbehaved) unartig, ungezogen; dog böse

it was a bad thing to do —

it was bad of you to treat her like that — das war gemein von dir, sie so zu behandeln

he went through a bad time — er hat eine schlimme Zeit durchgemacht

I've had a really bad day —

you bad boy! — du ungezogener Junge!, du Lümmel! (also iro)

he's been a bad boy —

I didn't mean that word in a bad sense — ich habe mir bei dem Wort nichts Böses gedacht

it's a bad business — das ist eine üble Sache

it's not so bad/not bad at all — es ist nicht/gar nicht so schlecht

things are going from bad to worse — es wird immer schlimmer

to go bad — schlecht werden, verderben

he's gone bad (US) — er ist auf die schiefe Bahn geraten

to be bad for sb/sth — schlecht or nicht gut für jdn/etw sein

he's bad at French —

he's bad at sports — im Sport ist er schlecht or nicht gut, er ist unsportlich

I'm very bad at telling lies — ich kann schlecht or nicht gut lügen

he speaks very bad English, his English is very bad — er spricht sehr schlecht(es) Englisch

to be bad to sb —

there's nothing bad about living together — es ist doch nichts dabei, wenn man zusammenlebt

this is a bad town for violence —

bad light stopped play — das Spiel wurde aufgrund des schlechten Lichts abgebrochen

it would not be a bad thing — das wäre nicht schlecht or keine schlechte Idee

that's not a bad idea! — das ist keine schlechte Idee!

(that's) too bad! (indignant) — so was!

it's too bad of you — das ist wirklich nicht nett von dir

too bad you couldn't make it —

to have a bad hair day (inf) (fig) — Probleme mit der Frisur haben total durch den Wind sein (inf)

to be in bad with sb (US) — bei jdm schlecht angeschrieben sein

2) (= serious) wound, sprain schlimm; accident, mistake, cold schlimm, schwer; headache stark

he's got it bad (inf) — ihn hats schwer erwischt (inf)

to have it bad for sb (inf) — in jdn schwer or unheimlich verknallt sein (inf)

3) (= unfavourable) time, day ungünstig, schlecht

Thursday's bad, can you make it Friday? — Donnerstag ist ungünstig or schlecht, gehts nicht Freitag?

4) (= in poor health, sick) stomach krank; leg, knee, hand schlimm; tooth (generally) schlecht; (now) schlimm

he/the economy is in a bad way (Brit) —

I've got a bad head (Brit) — ich habe einen dicken Kopf (inf)

to feel bad — sich nicht wohlfühlen

I feel bad —

to be taken bad (Brit) to take a bad turn (inf) — plötzlich krank werden

how is he? – he's not so bad — wie geht es ihm? – nicht schlecht

I didn't know she was so bad — ich wusste nicht, dass es ihr so schlecht geht or dass sie so schlimm dran ist (inf)

5)

(= regretful) I feel really bad about not having told him — es tut mir wirklich leid or ich habe ein schlechtes Gewissen, dass ich ihm das nicht gesagt habe

don't feel bad about it — machen Sie sich (dat) keine Gedanken or Sorgen (darüber)

6) debt uneinbringlich; voting slip, coin ungültig; (= damaged) copies etc beschädigt

7) (COMPUT) data format ungültig (= corrupted) fehlerhaft

2. n no pl

1)

to take the good with the bad — (auch) die schlechten Seiten in Kauf nehmen

there is good and bad in everything/everybody — alles/jeder hat seine guten und schlechten Seiten

2)

he's gone to the bad (Brit) — er ist auf die schiefe Bahn geraten
II pret See: of bid
* * *

bad¹ [bæd]

A adj komp worse [wɜːs; US wɜrs], sup worst [wɜːst; US wɜrst] (adv → badly)

1. allg schlecht

2. böse, schlimm, arg, schwer:

a bad accident ein schwerer Unfall;

a bad dream ein böser Traum;

a bad mistake ein schwerer Fehler; → end Bes Redew

3. böse, ungezogen (Junge etc)

4. verdorben, lasterhaft (Frau etc)

5. unanständig, unflätig:

bad language

a) unanständige Ausdrücke pl,

b) (gottes)lästerliche Reden pl,

c) beleidigende Äußerungen pl;

a bad word ein hässliches Wort

6. falsch, fehlerhaft, schlecht:

his bad English sein schlechtes Englisch;

bad grammar grammatisch falsch oder schlecht

7. unbefriedigend, schlecht (Ernte, Jahr, Plan etc):

not bad nicht schlecht oder übel;

not bad fun ganz amüsant

8. ungünstig, schlecht (Nachrichten etc):

he’s bad news umg er ist ein unangenehmer Zeitgenosse

9. schädlich, ungesund, schlecht ( alle:

for für):

be bad for sb jemandem nicht guttun;

be bad for sb’s health jemandes Gesundheit schaden

10. unangenehm, ärgerlich:

that’s too bad das ist (zu) schade, das ist (doch) zu dumm;

too bad that … schade, dass …

11. schlecht (Qualität, Zustand):

in bad condition in schlechtem Zustand;

bad trip sl Bad Trip m (Drogenrausch mit Angstzuständen); → breath 1

12. ungültig (Anspruch, Münze etc), ungedeckt (Scheck):

bad debts WIRTSCH zweifelhafte Forderungen;

bad shot SPORT ungültiger Schuss oder Schlag;

bad title JUR mangelhafter Rechtstitel; → penny 1

13. schlecht, verdorben (Fleisch etc):

go bad schlecht werden, verderben; → apple 1

14. schlecht, angegriffen (Gesundheit)

15. a) unwohl, krank:

she is ( oder feels) very bad today es geht ihr heute sehr schlecht;

he is in a bad way (a. weitS.) es geht ihm schlecht, er ist übel dran;

he was taken bad umg er wurde krank

b) niedergeschlagen:

feel bad about (sehr) deprimiert sein über (akk); ein schlechtes Gewissen haben wegen

16. schlimm, böse, arg, heftig:

a bad finger ein böser oder schlimmer Finger; → cold C 3

17. widerlich, schlecht (Geruch etc)

18. schlecht, schwach (at in dat)

B s

1. (das) Schlechte, (das) Böse, Unglück n:

be to the bad von Nachteil sein;

go to the bad auf die schiefe Bahn geraten oder kommen;

go from bad to worse immer schlimmer werden;

take the bad with the good (auch) die Nachteile oder die schlechten Seiten in Kauf nehmen

2. WIRTSCH Defizit n:

be $25 to the bad ein Defizit oder einen Verlust von 25 Dollar haben, 25 Dollar im Minus sein

3. umg be in bad with schlecht angeschrieben sein bei;

get in bad with sich unbeliebt machen bei;

my bad! bes US ich wars!

C adv umg → badly

bad² [bæd] obs prät von bid¹

* * *
1. adjective,
worse, worst

1) schlecht; (worthless) wertlos, ungedeckt [Scheck]; (rotten) schlecht, verdorben [Fleisch, Fisch, Essen]; faul [Ei, Apfel]; (unpleasant) schlecht, unangenehm [Geruch]

something gives somebody a bad name — etwas trägt jemandem einen schlechten Ruf ein

somebody gets a bad name — jemand kommt in Verruf

she is in bad health — sie hat eine angegriffene Gesundheit

[some] bad news — schlechte od. schlimme Nachrichten

bad breath — Mundgeruch, der

he is having a bad day — er hat einen schwarzen Tag

bad hair day — (coll) schlechter Tag

I'm having a bad hair day — (coll.) heute geht bei mir alles schief

bad business — ein schlechtes Geschäft

it is a bad business — (fig.) das ist eine schlimme Sache

in the bad old days — in den schlimmen Jahren

not bad — (coll.) nicht schlecht; nicht übel

something is not a bad idea — etwas ist keine schlechte Idee

not half bad — (coll.) [gar] nicht schlecht

something is too bad — (coll.) etwas ist ein Jammer

too bad! — (coll.) so ein Pech! (auch iron.)

go bad — schlecht werden

2) (noxious) schlecht; schädlich

3) (wicked) schlecht; (immoral) schlecht; verdorben; (naughty) ungezogen, böse [Kind, Hund]

4) (offensive)

[use] bad language — Kraftausdrücke [benutzen]

5) (in ill health)

she's bad today — es geht ihr heute schlecht

I have a bad pain/finger — ich habe schlimme Schmerzen/(ugs.) einen schlimmen Finger

be in a bad way — in schlechtem Zustand sein

6) (serious) schlimm, böse [Sturz, Krise]; schwer [Fehler, Krankheit, Unfall, Erschütterung]; hoch [Fieber]; schrecklich [Feuer]

7) (coll.): (regretful)

a bad conscience — ein schlechtes Gewissen

feel bad about something/not having done something — etwas bedauern/bedauern, dass man etwas nicht getan hat

I feel bad about him/her — ich habe seinetwegen/ihretwegen ein schlechtes Gewissen

8) (Commerc.)

a bad debt — eine uneinbringliche Schuld (Wirtsch.). See also worse 1.; worst 1.
2. noun
be £100 to the bad — mit 100 Pfund in der Kreide stehen (ugs.)

go to the bad — auf die schiefe Bahn geraten

* * *

(for) adj.

schädlich (für) adj. adj.

bös adj.

schlecht adj.

schlimm adj.

übel adj.

English-german dictionary > bad
78 HALDA

give

* * *

(held; hélt, héldum; haldinn), v.

I. with dat.

1) to hold fast (Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr);

to keep back, restrain (Hrafn fekk eigi haldit henni heima);

2) to withhold (héldu bœndrgjaldinu);

3) to keep, retain (þú skalt jafhan þessu sæti halda);

to preserve (halda virðingu sinni, lífi ok limum);

halda vöku sinni, to keep oneself awake;

4) to hold, keep one’s stock;

also ellipt. (vetr var illr ok héldu menn illa);

5) phrases, halda njósnum, to keep watch, to spy (= halda njósnum til um e-t);

halda (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold (the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes;

halda hendi yfir e-m, to protect one;

6) to hold, stand, steer, ellipt., þeir héldu aptr (held back again) um haustit;

þeir héldu út eptir fírði, they stood out the firth;

halda heim, to steer homewards;

7) to graze, put in the field (halda fé til haga);

8) impers. to continue, last (hélt því lengi um vetrinn);

II. with acc.

1) to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate (þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum);

2) to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday (í hvers minning heldr þú þenna. dag?);

3) to keep (halda orð sín, eið, sættir, frið);

to observe (halda guðs lög ok landsins);

4) to uphold, maintain, support (halda vini sína, halda e-n til ríkis);

5) halda sik, to comport oneself (kunna halda sik með hófi);

halda sik ríkmannliga, to fare sumptuously;

halda sik aptr af e-u, to abstain from;

6) to hold, consider, deem (hón hélt engan hans jafningja);

7) to hold, keep up;

halda varnir, to keep up a defence;

halda vörð, to keep watch;

8) to hold, compel, bind (heldr mik þá ekki til útanferðar);

þó heldr þik várkunn til at leita á, thou hast some excuse for trying;

III. with preps.:

halda á e-u, to hold, wield in the hand (halda á sverði);

to hold to a thing, go on with it, be busy about (halda á drykkju, á ferð sinni, á sýslu);

halda e-t af e-m, to hold (land, office) from or of one (þeir er höfðu haldið land af Danakonungi);

halda mikit af e-m, to make much of one;

halda eptir e-m, to pursue one;

halda e-u eptir, to keep back;

halda sik frá e-u, to keep oneself back from, refrain from;

halda e-u fram, to uphold, support;

halda e-u fyrir e-u, to withhold from one;

to protect against (héldu engar grindr fénu fyrir birninum);

halda e-n fyrir e-t, to hold, consider one to be so and so (síðan hélt konungr Erling fyrir tryggvan vin);

halda í e-t, to hold fast, grasp (þú skalt halda í hurðarhringinn);

halda til e-s, to be the cause of, be conducive to;

heldr þar margt til þess, there are many reasons for this;

hélt til þess (conduced to it) góðgirni hans;

halda til e-s, to be bent on, fond of (halda mjök til skarts, til gleði);

halda til jafns við e-n, to bear up against one, to be a match for one;

halda um e-t, to grasp with the hand (= halda hendi um e-t);

halda barni undir skírn, to hold at baptism;

halda e-u upp, to hold aloft, lift (halda upp höndum);

halda upp árum, to hold up the oars, cease pulling;

to uphold, maintain, support (halda upp hofum, kristninni);

to keep going (halda upp bardaga);

to discharge (halda upp kostnaði, bótum);

halda upp bœnum fyrir e-m, to pray for one;

halda e-u við, to maintain a thing;

halda við e-m, to stand against (hvar sem harm kom fram, hélt ekki við honum);

impers. to be on the point of;

hélt þá við atgöngu (acc.), they were near coming to fight;

heldr nú við hót, it is little short of threats;

IV. refl., haldast.

* * *

pret. hélt (= Goth. haihald), 2nd pérs. hélt, mod. hélzt, pl. héldum; pres. held, pl. höldum; pret. subj. héldi; part. haldinn; imperat. hald and haltú: [Ulf. haldan = βόσκειν, ποιμαίνειν, whereas he renders to keep, hold by other words; Hel. haldan = alere, fovere, colere, which thus seems to be the primitive sense of the word, and to be akin to Lat. cŏlo; again, A. S. healdan, Engl. hold, O. H. G. haltan, Germ. halten, Swed. hålla, halda, Dan. holde, are all of them used in a more general sense]:—to hold.

A. WITH DAT. to hold to:

I. to hold fast by; with the notion of restraint or force, tók Gizurr förunaut Ögmundar ok hélt honum, Sturl. i. 150; Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr, Nj. 92; ef maðr heldr manni …, varðar fjörbaugs-garð, Grág. ii. 110; h. e-m undir drep, 17; h. skipum ( to grapple the ships) með stafnljám, Fms. ii. 315: to keep back, Hrafn fékk eigi haldit henni heima þar, Ísl. ii. 249; ok halda þeim veðr í enni sömu höfn, Grág. i. 92; h. (sér) í e-t, to hold oneself fast by, grasp, þú skalt h. í hurðar-hringinn, Dropl. 29; heldr sér í faxit, Sd. 177.

β. so in the phrases, halda barni (manni) undir skírn, vatn, primsignan, biskups hönd, eccl. to hold a bairn ( man) at baptism, prima signatio, confirmation, Grág. i. 29; h. vatni (tárum), to hold one’s tears, 623. 56, Fms. viii. 232, vi. (in a verse); halda munni, to hold one’s tongue, be silent, vii. 227; halda tungu sinni, Þórð.

2. to withhold; þá megu þeir h. tíundum hans í móti, K. Þ. K. 62; h. vætti, Grág. i. 42; h. gögnum, 56; ef goði heldr tylftar-kvið, er hann heldr kviðnum, 58; halda matinum fyrir honum, 47; h. sköttum fyrir e-m, Nj. 8; h. skógar-manni fyrir e-m, Finnb. 334; um þat er hann hefir konunni haldit, Grág. i. 313; héldu bændr gjaldinu, Fms. vii. 302; hélt ek því (i. e. the money) fyrir honum, i. e. paid it not, Ísl. ii. 244.

II. to hold, of a rope or the like; sá maðr hugði h. mundu er festi, … ok h. mundu í slíku veðri, Grág. ii. 361; reip þau tíu er tveggja manna afli haldi hvert, id.; skal hann svá göra at haldi fyrir fyrnsku, 268.

β. to hold, hold out, last; optast halda þar íllviðri litla hríð, Sks. 212; sunnudags-helgi ríss upp á laugardegi, ok heldr ( lasts) til mánadags, N. G. L. i. 138.

III. to keep, retain, Germ. behalten; fá-ein skip héldu seglum sinum, Fms. x. 143; þú skalt jafnan þessu sæti h., Nj. 6; h. bústað sínum, Ld. 26; h. ríki sínu, Al. 58, Fms. i. 13; h. öllum Noregi, viii. 155; h. frelsi ok eignum, vi. 40; h. hlut sínum, to uphold one’s right, Eg. passim; halt sömum vinum sem ek hefi haft, Fas. i. 375; h. hreinleik sínum, Al. 58.

β. to hold, keep safe, preserve; h. hlut sínum, Ld. 54; h. heilsu, Grág. i. 145; h. virðingu sinni, Ld. 16; þá heldr hann kosti sínum, Grág. ii. 209; h. tíma ( honour) sínum, Al. 59; h. lífi ok limum, Eg. 89; h. lífinu, Nj. 111; h. trúnaði sínum, 109; vináttu sinni, Ld. 200; einorð sinni, Fb. ii. 265; h. sér réttum, to keep oneself right, Ld. 158; h. e-m heilum, Odd. 30; h. ríki fyrir e-m, Fms. v. 279; h. manna-forræði fyrir e-m, Hrafn. 19; h. réttu máli fyrir e-m, Fms. vii. 64.

2. to continue to keep, keep all along; h. teknum hætti, Fms. iv. 254; h. vöku, to keep oneself awake, Ld. 152; but h. vöku fyrir e-m, to keep another awake; halda sýslu sinni, Fs. 36; h. högum, to keep grazing, Eb. 104, Ld. 148.

3. to hold, keep one’s stock; ellipt., vetr var íllr ok héldu menn ílla, the winter was cold and it was ill to keep live stock, Sturl. ii. 143, (cp. fjár-höld); hann hélt vel svá at nær lifði hvat-vetna, Hrafn. 22: metaph., ílla hefir þinn faðir þá haldit, Fms. xi. 144; öld hefir ílla haldit, the people have had a sad loss, vi. (in a verse); h. fangi, and also ellipt. halda, of sheep and cattle, opp. to ‘to go back.’

4. phrases, halda njósnum, to keep watch, to spy, Fms. viii. 146, Nj. 113; hann hélt njósnum til Önundar, Landn. 287; hélt konungr njósnum til, ef …, Fms. vii. 128; hann skyldi h. njósnum til ok gera orð konungi, i. 54; h. njósnum til um e-t, iv. 119, Nj. 93; halda njósn (sing.) um skip þat, Eg. 74; þér haldit njósnum nær færi gefr á Arnkatli, Eb. 186; hann lét h. njósnum uppi á landi, Fms. vii. 316; hann hélt fréttum til, ef …, iv. 349.

β. halda (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold ( the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes, Nj. 132, Fms. v. 196; h. fyrir munn e-m, to hold ( the hand) over one’s mouth; h. hendi yfir e-m, to hold the hand over one, protect one, Nj. 266, Fbr. 22, Korm.; h. hendi um háls e-m, to clasp the hands around one’s neck, Fms. i. 9; h. skildi fyrir e-n, to hold the shield for one as a second in a duel, Ísl. ii. 257, passim; h. e-m til náms, to hold one to the book, make one study, K. Þ. K. 56; h. e-m til virðingar, Ld. 98.

IV. ellipt. (liði, skipi, för, stefnu, etc. understood), to hold, stand in a certain direction, esp. as a naut. term; þeir héldu aptr ( stood back again) um haustið, Eg. 69; treystisk hann eigi á haf at halda, Eb. 6; héldu þeir vestr um haf, id.; stigu þeir á skip sín, ok héldu út ( stood out) eptir firði, Fms. i. 63; þeir héldu þat sama sumar til Íslands, Ld. 6; hann hélt upp eptir hinni eystri kvísl, Fms. vii. 55; h. heim, to hold one’s course, stand homewards, Odd. 30; h. á braut, Grág. i. 92; Hrútr hélt suðr til Eyrar-sunds, Nj. 8; h. eptir e-m, to pursue one, 7; h. undan, to fly, Fms. x. 396, Nj. 98 (on land); kom móti þeim sunnan-veðr með myrkri, ok urðu þeir fyrir at h., to lay one’s course for the wind, A. A. 271; h. útleið, to stand on the outer tack, Eg. 78; h. til, to turn against, attack (on sea), Fms. xi. 72; hélt hann liði sínu suðr á Mæri, i. 62; þeir héldu liði sínu norðr til Þrándheims, id.; Haraldr konungr hélt norðan liði sínu, Eg. 32; héldu þeir skipi því suðr með landi, 69; skipi því lét hann halda vestr til Englands, id.; Unnr hélt skipinu í Orkneyjar, eptir þat hélt Unnr skipi sínu til Færeyja, Ld. 8.

β. to graze, put in the field, of sheep, cattle; þykkir mér þat miklu skipta at þeim sé vel til haga haldit, Eg. 714; hvert Steinarr hafði látið nautum sínum halda, 715; ok bað hann h. nautunum annan veg, 716.

γ. phrases, halda kyrru fyrir, to hold still, remain quiet, Ld. 216, Þórð. 30 new Ed., Nj. 223, 258; Hallr heldr nú til fangs ( went fishing) sem áðr, Ld. 38.

V. with prep.; halda á e-u, to hold, wield in the hand, freq. in mod. usage, h. á bók, penna, fjöðr, hníf, skærum, nál, etc.; hafði hverr þat er hélt á, Nj. 279; h. á sverði, Fb. i. 33; hann tók við öxinni ok hélt (viz. á), ok sá á, Eg. 180: to hold fast, heldr nú maðr á manni, Fas. i. 12; eigi máttu helvítis byrgi h. á honum, 656 C. 6; ef hann heldr á fénu ( withholds it), Grág. i. 427.

β. [Germ. anhalten], to hold to a thing, go on with, be busy about; h. á sýslu, to be busy, Rm. 14; h. á keri, qs. halda á drykkju, to go on drinking, carousing, Hm. 18: h. á hinni sömu bæn, Stj. 417; h. á fyrirsátrum við e-n, Þórð. 51 new Ed.; h. á búnaði sínum, Ld. 164; hélt hann þá á búnaði sínum sem skjótligast, Fms. ix. 215, x. 119, Sturl. ii. 245; þogar á bak Jólum hélt Ólafr konungr á búningi, Fms. v. 41; hann heldr nú á málinu, Nj. 259; nú heldr Þórðr á málinu ok verðr Oddný honum gipt, Bjarn. 11, Konr. (Fr.); h. á tilkalli, Fms. i. 84; h. á þessum sið, xi. 41; h. á för, to go on with one’s journey, Sighvat; gengu síðan brott ok héldu á ferð sinni, and went on their journey, Sturl.;—whence the mod. phrase, halda áfram, to go on, which seems not to occur in old writers.

2. halda e-u fram, to hold up, make much of; bróðir minn mun mér mjök hafa fram haldit fyrir ástar sakir, Nj. 3.

β. to hold on doing, (hence fram-hald, continuation); halda fram upp-teknu efni, Fms. i. 263; slíku hélt hann fram meðan hann lifði, iv. 254; hélt hann (fram) teknum hætti um veizlurnar, id., Grett. 14.

3. halda saman, to hold together, Eluc. 6, Fms. vii. 140, Rb. 340.

4. halda e-u upp, to hold aloft, Yngvarr hélt upp vísu þeirri, Eg. 152; steinninn heldr upp annarr öðrum, Rb. 390; h. upp árum, to hold up the oars, cease pulling, Fas. ii. 517, N. G. L. i. 65.

β. to uphold, maintain, support; halda upp hofi, Landn. 64, Eb. 24; h. upp hofum ok efla blót, Fms. i. 91; h. upp kirkju, K. Þ. K. 52; h. upp Kristninni, Fms. i. 32: to keep going, h. upp bardaga, orrostu, xi. 66, 188, 340.

γ. to discharge; h. upp féráns-dómi, Grág. i. 120; h. upp lögskilum, 145; h. upp svörum, Ó. H. 174; h. upp kostnaði, Eg. 77; h. upp gjaldi, Grág. i. 384; gjöldum, Fms. i. 81; h. upp bót, Grág. ii. 182; bótum, Eb. 100, 162, N. G. L. i. 311; ef hann heldr upp yfirbót ( penance) þeirri, Hom. 70; h. upp bænum fyrir e-m, to pray for one, Fms. xi. 271; hélt hann því vel upp sem vera átti, discharged it well, x. 93.

δ. halda sér vel upp, to hold oneself well up, Sturl.

ε. metaph., skal-at hann lögvillr verða, svá at honum haldi þat uppi (i. e. went unpunished), Grág. i. 316; ok heldr honum þat uppi ( that will save him), ef hann er rétt-hafi at orðinn, ii. 242.

5. halda e-u við, to maintain a thing, Hkr. i. 195.

VI. impers.,

1. to continue, last; hélt því nokkura stund dags, Fms. x. 125: hélt því lengi um vetrinn, Ld. 288; regni hélt haustnótt gegnum, Fms. vi. 83.

2. with prep. við, to be on the brink of; hélt þá við atgöngu, they were within a hair’s breadth of coming to fight, Hkr. i. 143; hélt þá við vandræði, Fms. ix. 434; heldr við bardaga, vi. 8; heldr nú við hót, it is little short of a threat, i. 305; hélt við blót, x. 106; ok hélt við flótta, i. 174; hélt við meiðingar, Nj. 21, Sd. 143; henni hélt við, at hón mundi drepa hana, Nj. 118; þeim hélt við váða sjálfan, Ó. H. 168; konungi hélt við, hvárt hann mundi standask eðr eigi, Mag. 100; honum hélt við kafnan, Bs. i. 18; hélt þó við at þeir mundi berjask, Fs. 53.

B. WITH ACC. to hold:

I. to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate, office, or the like; þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum, Fms. xi. 131; þeir er áðr höfðu haldit land af Dana-konungi, i. 232; Eirekr skyldi h. land af Aðalsteini konungi, 23; Vemundr hélt Firða-fylki, Eg. 12; hélt hann þat ríki undir Knút konungi, Ísl. ii. 242; í þeirri borg héldu þeir langfeðgar fimmtán konungdóma, Ver. 37; h. land sem leigu-land, Grág. ii. 278; konungrinn heldr af Guði nafnit, Sks. 599 B; prestar er kirkjur halda, H. E. i. 486; sá prestr er heldr Pétrs-kirkju, N. G. L. i. 312; presta þeirra er kirkju halda, 346; skal sá maðr ráða er kirkju heldr, K. Þ. K. 60; Ólafs kirkju þá er Væringjar halda (the parish church of W.), Hkr. iii. 408.

2. halda ábyrgju, ábyrgð á e-n, to have the responsibility of a thing, Grág. ii. 399, K. Þ. K. 66; h. grip, to be in the possession of, Grág. i. 438, ii. 190; h. skóla, to keep a school, Mar.; h. fylgð, to perform, Fms. ix. 279; eiga vandræði at h., to be in a strait, difficulty, Eb. 108.

II. to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday, or the like; halda kirkju-dag, K. Þ. K. 42; í hvers minning heldr þú þenna dag? Nj. 157; h. helgan þvátt-dag hvern, Pr. 437; h. helga daga, Sl.; h. Jóla-dag, Páska, Hvíta-sunnu, Rb. 134; minnstú að h. helgan hvíldar-daginn Drottins Guðs þíns (the Fourth Commandment in the Icel. version); h. heilagt, to keep holiday, Dipl. ii. 14; í dag þá hátíð höldum vér til himna sté vor Herra, Hólabók 54; er Júdar héldu hátíðligt, Stj. 110; (hence forn-haldinn, time-honoured): of the day-marks (vide dagr, p. 95), er þaðan haldinn miðr-morgin, Hrafn. 9.

2. to keep; halda orð sín, to keep one’s word, Fms. x. 95; höldum öll einka-mál vár, vii. 305; h. sættir, Nj. 57; gerðú svá vel, félagi, at þú halt vel sætt þessa, 111, Sturl. iii. 153, Fs. 65, Gullþ. 20; hann kvaðsk vilja hafa svardaga af þeim ok festu, at halda, Nj. 164; h. eið, Sturl. iii. 153; h. frið, to keep peace, Greg. 7; ef þú vilt nokkura hluti eigi h. þá er ek hefi á lagt við þik, Eg. 738: to observe faith, law, rite, etc., halda átrúnað, Fms. i. 34, x. 277; h. Guðs lög ok landsins, vii. 305; h. lands lög, viii. 155; h. ein lög, 625. 52; hafa ok halda þau lög, Fms. i. 34; h. Kristilega trú, K. Á. 74; h. mál (orð) e-s, Greg. 17; h. alla hluti með athugasamlegu minni, Sks. 439.

3. to keep, tend; halda geitr, Hkv. 2. 20 (exactly as in Gothic).

III. to uphold, maintain, support; þykkir mér þér sé nú ísjár-vert, hvárt þú munt fá haldit þik eðr eigi, Nj. 155; munu vér þó ekki einhlitir at h. oss eptir þessi verk, Háv. 50; at hón mætti með valdi h. sik ok menn sína, Fas. i. 375; þat væri nokkurr várkunn, at þú héldir frænda þinn eðr fóstbróður, en þetta er alls engi (at) halda útlaga konungs, Ó. H. 145; enda ætla ek lítinn viljann til at h. vini þína, Fms. vii. 244; því at Eysteinn konungr kenndi Inga konungi, at hann héldi þá menn, 248; ef þú heldr hann ( upholdest him) til þess at ganga á vini mína, Eg. 339; viljum vér allir fylgja þér ok þik til konungs halda, Fms. i. 34; Stephanus skyldi h. hann til laga ok réttinda, Sks. 653; h. e-n til ríkis, Fb. i. 236; vinsæld föður hans hélt hann mest til alþýðu vináttu, Fms. vii. 175; þeir sem upp h. ( sustain) þenna líkama, Anecd. 4.

β. phrases, halda e-m kost, borð, to keep at board, entertain, Fms. ix. 220, x. 105, 146, Nj. 6; or, halda e-n at klæðum ok drykk, Ó. H. 69; h. stríð, bellum gerere (not class.), Fms. x. 51; h. úfrið, Fas. ii. 539.

2. halda sik, to comfort oneself, Sks. 281, Hom. 29; kunna sik með hófi at h., Sturl. iii. 108; h. sik ríkmannliga, to fare sumptuously, Ld. 234; hann hélt betr húskarla sína en aðrir, Fms. vii. 242; h. mjök til skarts, to dress fine, Ld. 196; þar var Hrefna ok hélt allmjök til skarts, id.; hann var hægr hvers-dagliga, ok hélt mjök til gleði, Sturl. iii. 123; hélt hann hér mjök til vinsælda ok virðinga, he enjoyed much popularity and fame, Ld. 298.

β. ellipt. (sik understood), at h. til jafns við e-n, to bear up against one, to be a match for one, Ld. 40; ef þér hefir eigi til þess hug eðr afl at h. til jafns við e-n húskarl Þorsteins, Eg. 714; h. til fullnaðar, to stand on one’s full rights; ef þær taka eigi fullrétti, eðr h. eigi til fullnaðar, Grág. ii. 109; h. fullara, to hold one above other men, Ó. H. (in a verse); lét konungr þá h. mjök til ( make great preparations) at syngja messu hátíðliga, Hkr. i. 287.

3. to hold forth, put forward; at þeim inyiidi þungbýlt vera í nánd honum, ef þeir héldi nokkurn annan fyrir betra mann en hann, Ld. 26; síðan hélt konungr Erling fyrir tryggvan mann, Fms. ix. 399.

β. to hold, deem, be of opinion; the old writers seem not to use the word exactly in this sense, but near to it come such phrases as, hón hélt engan hans jafningja innan hirðar hvárki í orðum né öðrum hlutum, i. e. she held him to be above all men, Ld. 60; halda menn hann fyrir konung, Fb. i. 216; still closer, halda menn at Oddný sé nú betr gipt, Bjarn. 12 (but only preserved in a paper MS.): this sense is very freq. in mod. usage, to hold, mean, eg held það; eg held ekki, I think not; (hence hald, opinion.)

γ. phrases, halda mikit upp á e-n, to hold one in much esteem, love, Stj. 33; halda af e-m, id., Fas. i. 458, ii. 63, 200, iii. 520, esp. freq. in mod. usage, (upp-á-hald, af-hald, esteem.)

4. to hold on, keep up; halda varnir, to keep up a defence, Sks. 583; halda vörð, to keep watch, Eg. 120, Grág. i. 32, 264; halda njósn, Eg. 72, 74, Fms. xi. 46; halda tal af e-m, to speak, communicate with one, ii. 88.

5. to hold, be valid, be in force, a law term; á sú sekt öll at halda, Grág. i. 89; á þat at h. allt er þeir urðu á sáttir, 86; enda á þat at h. með þeim síðan, ii. 336.

IV. to hold, compel, bind (with the notion of obligation or duty); heldr mik þá ekki til utan-ferðar, Nj. 112; þó heldr þik várkunn til at leita á, i. e. thou art excused, thou hast some excuse in trying, 21; var auðsætt hvat til hélt um sættir, Bjarn. 70; þik heldr eigi hér svá mart, at þú megir eigi vel bægja héraðs-vist þinni, Eb. 252; þar mælir þú þar, er þik heldr várkunn til at mæla, Nj. 227; ek mun vera vinr hans, ok alla þá, er at mínum orðum láta, halda til vináttu við hann, i. e. I will be his friend, and all those who lend ear to my words I will hold to friendship with him, Eg. 18.

2. halda sik frá e-u, to keep oneself from, to refrain from a thing, Sks. 276 B; h. sik frá munaðlífi, Post. 656 A. ii. 16, Hom. 53, 135; h. sik aptr af e-u, to abstain from, Hkr. i. 512.

V. absol. to be the cause of, be conducive to a thing; heldr þar margt til þess, there are many reasons for this, Nj. 192; vildim vér vita hvat til heldr, Fms. vii. 106; en hann vissi eigi hvat til hafði haldit, er hann kom eigi, xi. 11; margir hlutir héldu til þess, Eg. 38; þat hélt til þess, at …, Al. 94; hélt til þess ( conduced to it) góðgirnd hans, stórmennska ok vitsmunir, Fs. 29; hefir þat mjök til haldit, er ek hefi svá lengi dvalizt, at ek ætlaða, Ld. 32; hann lét bæði til h. vingan ok mágsemd, Fs. 24; heldr þat mest til at þá var komit útfall sjávar, Ld. 56; hélt þat mest til þess, at hann gafsk bezt í öllum mannraunum, 60; þat eitt hélt til, at þeir fóru eigi málum á hendr Þórði, at þeir höfðu eigi styrk til, 138.

VI. to hold, comprise; sólar-öld heldr tuttugu ok átta ár, Rb. 510; h. skor (of weight), Grág. i. 500.

☞ In some instances the use of dat. and acc. wavers, e. g. halda húsum, to keep up the houses, Grág. ii. 278, 335; h. hliði, to keep the gate in repair, 265; but halda hlið (acc.), 332: to keep, observe, h. lögum, griðum, boðorðum, Glúm. 333, Grág. i. 357, ii. 166, 623. 28; hélt hann þessu sumu, Fms. x. 416 (Ágrip); halda ílla orðum, vii. (in a verse); þeir er því þingi áttu at h., Glúm. 386; h. sáttum, St. 17; h. eiðum, Bkv. 18; Gizuri þótti biskup h. ríkt ( protect strongly) brennu-mönnum, Sturl. i. 201 C; Guð er sínum skepnum heldr (keeps, protects) ok geymir, Mar.; þá hélt engi kirkju mönnum, … kept no man safe, Fms. ix. 508; h. njósn (acc.) um e-t, Eg. 74; h. til njósn, 72; njósnir, Fms. xi. 46. In most of these instances the acc. is the correct case, and the dat. is due either to careless transcribers or incorrect speaking: in some instances an enclitic um has been taken for a dative inflexion, thus e. g. sáttum haldi in Stor. l. c. is to be restored to sátt um haldi; eiðum haldit in Bkv. l. c. to eið (for eiða) um haldit; in others the prep. um has caused the confusion, as ‘halda njósn um at’ has been changed into halda njósnum at. But in the main the distinction between the use of dat. and acc. is fixed even at the present time: the acc. seems to represent the more primitive usage of this verb, the dat. the secondary.

C. REFLEX.:

I. to hold oneself, to stay; héldusk þeir þá ekki fyrir norðan Stað, Fms. i. 63; mátti hann eigi þar haldask, Landn. 246; h. á baki, to keep oneself on horseback, keep one’s seat, Grág. ii. 95; munu þeir skamma stund hér við haldask, Nj. 247: to be kept, remain, þá skal hann h. með Helju, Edda 39: to resist, megu vér ekki við h. fyrir ofreflis-mönnum þessum, Nj. 254; hélzk þá ekki við honum, Eg. 289; mann er svá hefir haldisk við höfuð-syndum, Hom. 157.

β. to hold out, last, continue; ok hélzk ferillinn, Eg. 579; hélzk undr þetta allt til dags, Nj. 272 (twice); hélzk konungdómr í kyni hans, Rb. 394; lengi síðan hélzk bruna-öld með Svíum, Yngl. S.; lengi hélzk þat í ætt þeirri, at …, Eg. 770; hélzk vinátta með þeim, Nj. 66; þat hefir enn haldizk í ætt hans, Fms. iv. 8; ok hefir þat haldizk ( it has continued to be so) síðan er ek hefi hann séð, Ld. 174; honum haldisk (imperat.) sigr ok langt líf, Ver. 57; betr þætti mér, at hún héldisk þér, that it (the luck) would hold out for thee, Fb. ii. 74; ef hann helzk í útrú sinni, if he perseveres in his untruth, 623. 26.

γ. to be kept safe and sound; menn allir héldusk ( all bands were saved) ok svá fé, Ld. 8, Fs. 143; þar héldusk menn allir ok mestr hluti fjár, Eg. 405; hafði fé vel haldizk, has been well kept, done well, Ld. 34.

δ. to be valid, stand; eigu þau handsöl hennar at haldask, Grág. i. 334; engi má haldask dómr hans, Edda 15; skyldu þau (the truce) haldask um þingit, Nj. 348.

2. impers., mér helzk, e-m helzk vel, ílla, á e-u, to have a good hold, have luck with a thing; mér helzk lítt á sauða-mönnum, Grett. 110 A.

3. recipr., haldask á, to hold or pull one against another, wrestle, (hence á-höld); var sagt Magnúsi, at þeir héldisk á úti, that they were fighting outside, Sturl. ii. 44.

II. part. pass. haldinn, [Dan. holden], so ‘holden,’ in such and such a state; vel haldinn, in good condition, faring well, well to do, Eg. 20, 234; hugðusk þar ok haldnir ( safe) mundu vera, Ver. 34; þungliga h., very sick, Eg. 565, Hkr. ii. 199; vel haldinn, doing well; tak heldr annat fé, svá mikit, at þú þykisk vel haldinn af, i. e. fully satisfied, having got full redress, Boll. 350; Sveinn sagði, at hann vill hafa tvá hluti fjárins, Hrani sagðisk ekki af því haldinn ( satisfied) vera, Fms. iv. 31: in the phrase, heilu ok höldnu, safe and sound, Bs. i. 191, Fms. xi. 376, Hkr. i. 319; með höldnu hljóði, preserving the sound, Skálda 175.

2. ok mun þykkja sér misboðit ef þú ert haldinn (kept, protected), Finnb. 344.

β. kept, observed, Fms. xi. 99.

γ. held in custody, in prison, Bs. i. 419, Sturl. i. 151.

III. gerund., haldandi, holding good, valid; sá dómr er eigi haldandi, is not valid, K. Á. 304; af öllu afli er friðr haldandi, Hom. 5.

2. part. act., með upp haldandi höndum, with uplifted hands, Bs. i. 684.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HALDA
79 GÖRA

ð, also spelt görva, giörva, geyra, giora, gera: prop. gøra, not gra (the ø was sounded nearly as y or ey), so that the g is to be sounded as an aspirate, however the word is spelt; and the insertion of i or j (giöra, gjöra), which is usual in mod. writing, and often occurs in old, is phonetic, not radical, and göra and gjöra represent the same sound. The word in the oldest form had a characteristic v, and is spelt so on the Runic stones in the frequent Runic phrase, gaurva kubl, Baut., and Danske Runemind. passim; but also now and then in old Icel. MSS., e. g. the Kb. of Sæm. (cited from Bugge’s Edit.), gorva, Am. 75, Skv. 1. 34, 3. 20, Hm. 123, Og. 29; gerva, Am. 64, Bkv. 3; giorva, Rm. 9; giorfa, 28; gorvir, Hkv. Hjörv. 41; gørvom, Hým. 6; gorviz, Am. 35; gerviz, Merl. 2. 89:—this characteristic v has since been dropped, and it is usually spelt without it in MSS., gora, Hým. 1, Og. 23, Ls. 65; gera, Am. 85; gorir, Hm. 114: the pret. always drops the v, gorþi, Hym. 21; gorðo or gorþo, fecerunt, Hm. 142, Am. 9; gorðumz, Hðm. 28; gerþi, Am. 74; gerþit, 26:—with i inserted, Rm. 9, 22; giordu, 11; in the Mork. freq. giavra. The ö is still sounded in the east of Icel., whereas gera is the common form in speech, gjöra in writing:—the old pres. indic. used by the poets and in the laws is monosyllabic görr, with suffixed negative, görr-a, Hkr. i. (in a verse); mod. bisyllabic görir, which form is also the usual one in the Sagas:—the old part. pass. was görr or gerr, geyrr, Fms. ix. 498, x. 75, where the v was kept before a vowel, and is often spelt with f, gorvan, gorvir, and gorfan, gorfir: dat. so-goro or so-guru adverbially = sic facto: the mod. part. gjörðr, gerðr, görðr, as a regular part. of the 2nd weak conjugation, which form occurs in MSS. of the 15th century, e. g. Bs. i. 877, l. 21. [This is a Scandin. word; Dan. gjöre; Swed. göra; Old Engl. and Scot. gar, which is no doubt of Scandin. origin, the Saxon word being do, the Germ. thun, neither of which is used in the Scandin.; the word however is not unknown to the Teut., though used in a different sense; A. S. gervan and gearvjan = parare; O. H. G. karwan; Germ. gerben, garben, but esp. the adj. and adv. gar, vide above s. v. gör-.] To make, to do; the Icel. includes both these senses.

A. To make:

I. to build, work, make, etc.; göra himin ok jörð, 623. 36, Hom. 100; göra hús, to build a house, Fms. xi. 4, Rb. 384; göra kirkju, Bjarn. 39; göra skip, N. G. L. i. 198; göra langskip, Eg. 44; göra stólpa, Al. 116; göra tól (= smíða), Vsp. 7; göra (fingr)-gull, Bs. i. 877; göra haug, to build a cairn, Eg. 399; göra lokhvílu, Dropl. 27; göra dys, Ld. 152; göra kistu ( coffin), Eg. 127; göra naust, N. G. L. i. 198; göra jarðhús, Dropl. 34; göra veggi, Eg. 724: also, göra bók, to write a book, Íb. 1, Rb. 384; göra kviðling, to make a song, Nj. 50; göra bréf, to draw up a deed ( letter), Fms. ix. 22; göra nýmæli, to frame a law, Íb. 17.

2. adding prep.; göra upp, to repair, rebuild, restore, Fb. ii. 370; göra upp Jórsala-borg, Ver. 43; göra upp skála, Ld. 298; göra upp leiði, to build up a grave.

II. to make, prepare, get ready; göra veizlu, drykkju, brúðkaup, erfi, and poët. öl, öldr, to make a feast, brew bridal ale, Fs. 23, Fms. xi. 156, Dropl. 6, Am. 86; göra seið, blót, to perform a sacrifice, Ld. 152; göra bú, to set up a house, Grág. i. 185, Ld. 68; göra eld, to make a fire, Fs. 100, K. Þ. K. 88; göra rekkju, to make one’s bed, Eg. 236; göra upp hvílur, Sturl. ii. 124; göra graut, to make porridge, Eg. 196, N. G. L. i. 349; göra drykk, to make a drink, Fms. i. 8; göra kol, or göra til kola, to make charcoal, Ölk. 35.

III. in somewhat metaph. phrases; göra ferð, to make a journey, Fms. x. 281; görði heiman för sína, he made a journey from home, Eg. 23; göra sinn veg, to make one’s way, travel, Mar.; göra uppreisn, to make an uprising, to rebel, Rb. 384, Fms. ix. 416; göra úfrið, to make war, 656 C. 15; göra sátt, göra frið, to make peace, Hom. 153, Bs. i. 24; göra féskipti, Nj. 118; göra tilskipan, to make an arrangement, Eg. 67; göra ráð sitt, to make up one’s mind, Nj. 267, Fms. ix. 21; göra hluti, to cast lots, Fms. x. 348.

2. to make, give, pay, yield; göra tíund, to pay tithes, Hom. 180; hann skal göra Guði tíunda hlut verðsins, id.; göra ölmusu, to give alms, 64; göra ávöxt, to yield fruit, Greg. 48; gefa né göra ávöxt, Stj. 43; göra konungi skatt eða skyld, Fms. xi. 225.

3. to contract; göra vináttu, félagskap, to contract friendship, Nj. 103, Eg. 29; göra skuld, to contract a debt, Grág. i. 126: göra ráð með e-m, to take counsel with, advise one, Eg. 12; göra ráð fyrir, to suppose, Nj. 103, Fms. ix. 10; göra mun e-s, to make a difference, i. 255, Eb. 106.

4. to make, make up, Lat. efficere; sex tigir penninga göra eyri, sixty pence make an ounce, Grág. i. 500, Rb. 458.

5. to grant, render; göra kost, to make a choice, to grant, Nj. 130, Dropl. 6, Fms. xi. 72, (usually ellipt., kostr being understood); vil ek at þér gerit kostinn, Nj. 3; ok megit þér fyrir því göra ( grant) honum kostinn, 49, 51; göra e-m lög, to grant the law to one, 237; göra guðsifjar, to make ‘gossip’ with one, to be one’s godfather, Fms. ii. 130.

6. special usages; göra spott, háð, gabb, … at e-u, to make sport, gibes, etc. at or over a thing, Fms. x. 124; göra iðran, to do penance, Greg. 22; göra þakkir, to give thanks, Hom. 55; göra róm at máli e-s, to cheer another’s speech, shout hear, hear! var görr at máli hans mikill rómr ok góðr, his speech was much cheered, Nj. 250,—a parliamentary term; the Teutons cheered, the Romans applauded (with the hands), cp. Tacit. Germ.

7. with prepp.; gera til, to make ready or dress meat; láta af ( to kill) ok göra til ( and dress), K. Þ. K. 80, Ísl. ii. 83, 331, Fs. 146, 149, Bjarn. 31, Finnb. 228; göra til nyt, to churn milk, K. Þ. K. 78; göra til sverð, to wash and clean the sword, Dropl. 19; máttu þeir eigi sjá, hversu Þorvaldr var til gerr, how Th. got a dressing, Nj. 19.

β. göra at e-u, to mend, make good, put right (at-görð), ek skal at því gera, Fms. xi. 153, Eg. 566, Nj. 130: to heal, Bárð. 171, Eg. 579, Grág. i. 220; göra at hesti, K. Þ. K. 54, Nj. 74: göra við e-u, vide B. II.

8. adding acc. of an adj., part., or the like; göra mun þat margan höfuðlausan, Nj. 203; göra mikit um sik, to make a great noise, great havoc, Fb. i. 545, Grett. 133, Fms. x. 329; göra e-n sáttan, to reconcile one, Grág. i. 336; göra sér e-n kæran, to make one dear to oneself, Hkr. i. 209; göra sik líkan e-m, to make oneself like to another, imitate one, Nj. 258; göra sik góðan, to make oneself good or useful, 74, 78; göra sik reiðan, to take offence, 216; göra sér dælt, to make oneself at home, take liberties, Ld. 134, Nj. 216; göra langmælt, to make a long speech, Sks. 316; göra skjót-kjörit, to make a quick choice, Fms. ii. 79; göra hólpinn, to ‘make holpen,’ to help, x. 314; göra lögtekit, to make a law, issue a law, xi. 213, Bs. i. 37; hann gerði hann hálshöggvinn, he had him beheaded, Fms. ix. 488, v. l.; ok görðu þá handtekna alla at minsta kosti, Sturl. i. 40; várir vöskustu ok beztu menn era görfir handteknir, 41.

β. göra sér mikit um e-t, to make much of, admire, Eg. 5, Fms. x. 254, 364; göra e-t at ágætum, to make famous, extol a thing, vii. 147; göra at orðum, to notice as remarkable, Fas. i. 123; göra at álitum, to take into consideration, Nj. 3; göra sér úgetið at e-u, to be displeased with, Ld. 134; göra vart við sik, to make one’s presence noticed, Eg. 79; göra sér mikit, lítið fyrir, to make great, small efforts, Finnb. 234; göra sér í hug, to brood over; hann gerði sér í hug at drepa jarl, Fs. 112; göra sér í hugar lund, to fancy, think: göra af sér, to exert oneself, ef þú gerir eigi meira af þér um aðra leika, Edda 32; hvárt hann var með Eiríki jarli, eðr görði hann annat af sér, or what else he was making of himself, Fms. xi. 157.

9. phrases, gera fáleika á sik, to feign, make oneself look sad, Nj. 14; esp. adding upp, gera sér upp veyki, to feign sickness, (upp-gerð, dissimulation); göra sér til, to make a fuss, (hence, til-gerð, foppishness.)

B. To do:

I. to do, act; allt þat er hann gerir síðan ( whatever he does), þat á eigandi at ábyrgjask, Gþl. 190; þér munut fátt mæla eðr gera, áðr yðr munu vandræði af standa, i. e. whatsoever you say or do will bring you into trouble, Nj. 91; göra e-t með harðfengi ok kappi, 98; ger svá vel, ‘do so well,’ be so kind! 111; gerit nú svá, góði herra (please, dear lord!), þiggit mitt heilræði, Fms. vii. 157: and in mod. usage, gerið þér svo vel, gerðu svo vel, = Engl. please, do! sagði, at hann hafði með trúleik gört, done faithfully, Eg. 65; göra gott, to do good; göra íllt, to do evil, (góð-görð, íll-görð); ok þat var vel gört, well done, 64; geyrða ek hotvetna íllt, I did evil in all things, Niðrst. 109; hefir hann marga hluti gört stór-vel til mín, he has done many things well towards me, I have received many great benefits at his hands, Eg. 60: with dat., svá mikit gott sem jarl hefir mér gert, Nj. 133; þér vilda ek sízt íllt göra, I would least do harm to thee, 84: göra fúlmennsku, to do a mean act, 185; göra vel við e-n, to do well to one, Fs. 22; göra stygð við e-n, to offend one, Fms. x. 98; göra sæmiliga til e-s, to do well to one, Ld. 62, Nj. 71; göra sóma e-s, to do honour to one, Fms. vii. 155; göra e-m gagn, to give help to one, Nj. 262; göra e-m sæmd, skomm, to do ( shew) honour, dishonour, to one, 5, Fms. x. 43; göra háðung, xi. 152; göra styrk, to strengthen one, ix. 343; göra e-m skapraun, to tease one; göra ósóma, Vápn. 19; göra skaða ( scathe), Eg. 426; göra óvina-fagnað, to give joy to one’s enemies, i. e. to do just what they want one to do, Nj. 112; göra til skaps e-m, to conform to one’s wishes, 80; gerum vér sem faðir vár vill, let us do as our father wishes, 198; vel má ek gera þat til skaps föður míns at brenna inni með honum, id.; göra at skapi e-s, id., 3; var þat mjök gert móti mínu skapi, Fms. viii. 300; gera til saka við e-n, to offend, sin against one, Nj. 80; gera á hluta e-s, to wrong one, Vígl. 25; göra ílla fyrir sér, to behave badly, Fms. vii. 103.

II. adding prep.; göra til e-s, to deserve a thing (cp. til-görð, desert, behaviour); hvat hafðir þú til gört, what hast thou done to deserve it? Nj. 130; framarr en ek hefi til gört, more than I have deserved, Fms. viii. 300; ok hafit þér Danir heldr til annars gört, ye Danes have rather deserved the reverse, xi. 192, Hom. 159:—göra eptir, to do after, imitate, Nj. 90:—göra við e-u (cp. við-görð, amendment), to provide for, amend, ok mun úhægt vera at göra við forlögum þeirra, Ld. 190; er úhægt at göra við ( to resist) atkvæðum, Fs. 22; ok mun ekki mega við því gera, Nj. 198:—göra af við e-n (cp. af-görð, evil doing), to transgress against one, ek hefi engan hlut af gört við þik, Fms. vii. 104, viii. 241; ok iðrask nú þess er hann hefir af gert, 300; göra af við Guð, to sin against God, Hom. 44.

2. special usages; göra … at, to do so and so; spurði, hvat hann vildi þá láta at gera, he asked what he would have done, Nj. 100; hann gerði þat eina at, er hann átti, he did only what be ought, 220; þeir Flosi sátu um at rengja, ok gátu ekki at gert, F. tried, and could do nothing, 115, 242; þér munut ekki fá at gert, fyrr en …, 139; Flosi ok hans menn fengu ekki at gert, 199; mikit hefir þú nú at gert, much hast thou now done ( it is a serious matter), 85; er nú ok mikit at gert um manndráp siðan, 256; hann vildi taka vöru at láni, ok göra mikit at, and do great things, Ld. 70; Svartr hafði höggit skóg ok gert mikit at, Nj. 53; slíkt gerir at er sölin etr, so it happens with those who eat seaweed, i. e. that (viz. thirst) comes of eating seaweed, Eg. 605.

β. göra af e-u, to do so and so with a thing; hvat hafið ér gert af Gunnari, Njarð. 376; ráð þú draumana, vera má at vér gerim af nokkut, may be that we may make something out of it, Ld. 126; gör af drauminum slíkt er þér þykkir líkligast, do with the dream ( read it) as seems to thee likeliest, Ísl. ii. 196: göra við e-n, to do with one; þá var um rætt, hvað við þá skyldi göra, what was to be done with them? Eg. 232; ærnar eru sakir til við Egil, hvat sem eg læt göra við hann, 426; eigi veit ek hvat þeir hafa síðan við gört, 574: göra fyrir e-t, to provide; Jón var vel fjáreigandi, ok at öllu vel fyrir gört, a wealthy and well-to-do man, Sturl. iii. 195; þótt Björn sé vel vígr maðr, þá er þar fyrir gört, því at …, but that is made up, because …: fyrir göra (q. v.), to forfeit.

C. METAPH. AND SPECIAL USAGES:

I. to do, help, avail; nú skulum vér ganga allir á vald jarlsins, því at oss gerir eigi annat, nothing else will do for us, Nj. 267; þat mun ekki gera, that wont do, 84; en ek kann ekki ráð til at leggja ef þetta gerir ekki, Fms. ii. 326; konungr vill þat eigi, þvi at mér gerir þat eigi ( it will not do for me) at þér gangit hér upp, x. 357; þat gerir mér ekki, at þér gangit á Orminn, … en hitt má vera at mér komi at gagni, ii. 227; þóttisk þá vita, at honum mundi ekki gera ( it would do nothing) at biðja fyrir honum, Fb. i. 565; engum gerði við hann at keppa, 571; ekki gerði þeim um at brjótask, Bárð. 10 new Ed.; sagða ek yðr eigi, at ekki mundi gera at leita hans, Sks. 625; hvat gerir mér nú at spyrja, Stj. 518; ekki gerir at dylja, no use hiding it, Fbr. 101 new Ed.; ætla þat at fáir þori, enda geri engum, Band. 7; bæði var leitað til annarra ok heima, ok gerði ekki, but did no good, 4; hét hann þeim afarkostum, ok gerði þat ekki, but it did no good, Fms. ii. 143.

II. to send, despatch, cp. the Engl. to ‘do’ a message; hann gerði þegar menn frá sér, Eg. 270; hann hafði gört menn sex á skóginn fyrir þá, 568; þá gerði Karl lið móti þeim, Fms. i. 108; jarl gerði Eirík at leita Ribbunga, ix. 314; hann gerði fram fyrir sik Álf á njósn, 488; hann gerði menn fyrir sér at segja konunginum kvámu sína, x. 10; hleypi-skúta var gör norðr til Þrándheims, vii. 206; jafnan gerði jarl til Ribbunga ok drap menn af þeim, ix. 312; vilja Ósvífrs-synir þegar gera til þeirra Kotkels, despatch them to slay K., Ld. 144; skulu vér nú göra í mót honum, ok láta hann engri njósn koma, 242:—göra eptir e-m, to send after one, Nero bað göra eptir postulunum ok leiða þangat, 656 C. 26; nú verðr eigi eptir gört at miðjum vetri, Grág. i. 421; frændr Bjarnar létu göra eptir (Germ. abholen) líki hans, Bjarn. 69; síðan gerðu þeir til klaustrs þess er jómfrúin var í, Fms. x. 102:—gera e-m orð, njósn, to do a message to one; hann gerði orð jörlum sínum, Eg. 270; ætluðu þeir at göra Önundi njósn um ferðir Egils, 386, 582; vóru þangat orð gör, word was sent thither, Hkr. ii. 228.

III. with infin. as an auxiliary verb, only in poetry and old prose (laws); ef hón gerði koma, if she did come, Völ. 5; gerðit vatn vægja, Am. 25; gramr gørr-at sér hlífa, he does not spare himself, Hkr. i. (in a verse); gerðut vægjask, id., Fs. (in a verse); hann gerðisk at höggva, Jb. 41; görðir at segja, Bkv. 15; görðisk at deyja, Gkv. 1. 1: in prose, eigi gerir hugr minn hlægja við honum, Fas. i. 122; góðir menn göra skýra sitt mál með sannsögli, 677. 12; Aristodemus görði eigi enn at trúa, Post.: esp. in the laws, ef þeir göra eigi ganga í rúm sín, Grág. i. 8; ef goðinn gerr eigi segja, 32; ef hann gerr eigi í ganga, 33; ef þeir göra eigi hluta meðr sér, 63; ef dómendr göra eigi dæma, 67; ef dómendr göra eigi við at taka, id.; ef goðinn gerr eigi ( does not) nefna féráns-dóm, 94; nú göra þeir menn eigi úmaga færa, 86; ef þeir göra eigi nefna kvöðina af búanum, Kb. ii. 163; ef þeir göra eigi segja, hvárt …, Sb. ii. 52; nú gerr sá eigi til fara, Kb. ii. 96; göra eigi koma, 150; ef hann gerr eigi kjósa, § 113.

IV. a law term, göra um, or gera only, to judge or arbitrate in a case; fékksk þat af, at tólf menn skyldu göra um málit, Nj. 111; villt þú göra um málit, 21; bjóða mun ek at göra um, ok lúka upp þegar görðinni, 77; mun sá mála-hluti várr beztr, at góðir menn geri um, 88; málin vóru lagið í gerð, skyldu gera um tólf menn, var þá gert um málin á þingi, var þat gert, at … (follows the verdict), 88; vil ek at þú sættisk skjótt ok látir góða menn gera um …, at hann geri um ok enir beztu menn af hvárra liði lögliga til nefndir, 188; Njáll kvaðsk eigi gera mundu nema á þingi, 105; þeir kváðusk þat halda mundu, er hann gerði, id.; skaltú gera sjálfr, 58; fyrr en gert var áðr um hitt málit, 120; ek vil bjóðask til at göra milli ykkar Þórðar um mál yðar, Bjarn. 55; Þorsteinn kvað þat þó mundi mál manna, at þeir hefði góða nefnd um sættir þótt hann görði, 56; nú er þegar slegit í sætt málinu með því móti, at Áskell skal göra um þeirra í milli, Rd. 248; er nú leitað um sættir milli þeirra, ok kom svá at þeir skulu göra um málin Þorgeirr goði frá Ljósa-vatni ok Arnórr ór Reykjahlíð, sú var görð þeirra at …, 288; svá kemr at Ljótr vill at Skapti görði af hans hendi, en Guðmundr vill sjálfr göra fyrir sína hönd, skyldi Skapti gerð upp segja, Valla L. 225; eigi hæfir þat, leitum heldr um sættir ok geri Þorgeirr um mál þessi, Lv. 12; var jafnt gört sár Þórðar ok sár Þórodds, Eb. 246; þær urðu mála-lyktir at Þórðr skyldi göra um …, 24; ok vóru þá görvar miklar fésektir, 128; var leitað um sættir, ok varð þat at sætt, at þeir Snorri ok Steindórr skyldi göra um, 212; þit erut gerfir héraðs-sekir sem íllræðis-menn, Fs. 58: göra görð, Sturl. i. 63, 105: adding the fine, to fix the amount, þat er gerð mín, at ek geri verð húss ok matar, I fix the amount of the value of the house and (stolen) stores, Nj. 80; gerði Njáll hundrað silfrs, N. put it at a hundred silver pieces, 58; margir mæltu, at mikit vaeri gert, that the amount was high, id.; slíkt fégjald sem gert var, 120; vilit ér nokkut héraðs-sektir göra eða utanferðir, 189; hann dæmdi þegar, ok görði hundrað silfrs, 6l; síðan bauð Bjarni Þorkatli sætt ok sjálfdæmi, görði Bjarni hundrað silfrs, Vápn. 31; ek göri á hönd Þóri hundrað silfrs, Lv. 55; ek göri á hönd þér hundrað silfrs, id.; vilit þér, at ek göra millum ykkar? síðan görði konungr konuna til handa Þórði ok öll fé hennar, Bjarn. 17; Rafn kvað hann mikit fé annat af sér hafa gört, at eigi þætti honum þat betra, Fs. 30; Gellir görði átta hundrað silfrs, Lv. 97; fyrir þat gerði Börkr hinn digri af honum eyjarnar, B. took the isles from him as a fine, Landn. 123: adding the case as object, Gunnarr gerði gerðina, G. gave judgment in the case, Nj. 80; fyrr en gert var áðr um hitt málit, till the other case was decided, 120; þá sætt er hann görði Haraldi jarli, that settlement which he made for earl Harold, Fms. viii. 300: Flosi var görr utan ok allir brennu-menn, F. was put out ( banished) and all the burners, Nj. 251: metaph., nema þau vili annat mál á gera, unless they choose to settle it otherwise, Grág. i. 336.

2. in the phrase, göra sekð, to make a case of outlawry, Grág. i. 118; eigi um görir sekð manns ella, else the outlawry takes no effect; en hann um görir eigi ella sekðina, else he cannot condemn him, 119.

3. to perform; eptir-gerðar þeirrar sem hverr nennti framast at gera eptir sinn náung, Fms. viii. 103; en þat grunaði konung, at hann mundi ætla at göra eptir sumar sættir, i. e. that he had some back door to escape by, Orkn. 58 (cp. Ó. H.); allt þat er þér gerit nú fyrir þeirra sálum, id.

V. special usages, to make allowance for; gera fóðr til fjár, to make an arbitrary allowance for, Ísl. ii. 138; hence, to suppose, en ef ek skal göra til fyrir fram ( suggest) hvat er hón (the code) segir mér, þá segi ek svá, at …, Fms. ix. 331; gera sér í hug, Fs. 112; göra sér í hugar-lund, to fancy; göra e-m getsakir, to impute to one; gera orð á e-u, to report a thing; þat er ekki orð á því geranda, ‘tis not worth talking about; eigi þarf orð at göra hjá því (‘tis not to be denied), sjálfan stólkonunginn blindaði hann, Mork. 14 (cp. Fms. vi. 168, l. c.); gera sér létt, to take a thing lightly, Am. 70; göra sér far um, to take pains; göra sér í hug, hugar-lund, to suppose.

D. IMPERS. it makes one so and so, one becomes; hann görði fölvan í andliti, he turned pale, Glúm. 342; leysti ísinn ok görði varmt vatnið, the water became warm, 623. 34; veðr görði hvast, a gale arose, Eg. 128; hríð mikla gerði at þeim, they were overtaken by a storm, 267; þá gerði ok á hríð (acc.) veðrs, 281; féll veðrit ok gerði logn (acc.), and became calm, 372; görði þá stórt á firðinum, the sea rose high, 600; til þess er veðr lægði ok ljóst gerði, and till it cleared up, 129; um nóttina gerði á æði-veðr ok útsynning, 195; görir á fyrir þeim hafvillur, they lost their course (of sailors), Finnb. 242; mér gerir svefnhöfugt, I grow sleepy, Nj. 264; þá görði vetr mikinn þar eptir hinn næsta, Rd. 248.

E. REFLEX, to become, grow, arise, and the like; þá görðisk hlátr, then arose laughter, Nj. 15; görðisk bardagi, it came to a fight, 62, 108; sá atburðr görðisk, it came to pass, Fms. x. 279; þau tíðendi er þar höfðu görzt, Ld. 152; gerðisk með þeim félagskapr, they entered into fellowship, Eg. 29; gerðisk svá fallit kaup, Dipl. ii. 10; Sigurðr konungr gerðisk ( grew up to be) ofstopa-maðr …, görðisk mikill maðr ok sterkr, Fms. vii. 238; hann görðisk brátt ríkr maðr ok stjórnsamr, xi. 223; Unnr görðisk þá mjök elli-móð, U. became worn with age, Ld. 12; sár þat er at ben görðisk, a law term, a wound which amounted to a bleeding wound, Nj. passim:—to be made, to become, görask konungr, to become king, Eg. 12; ok görðisk skáld hans, and became his skáld, 13; görðisk konungs hirðmaðr, 27; görask hans eigin-kona, to become his wedded wife, Fms. i. 3; at hann skyldi görask hálf-konungr yfir Dana-veldi, 83; vill Hrútr görask mágr þinn, Nj. 3; hann gerðisk síðan óvarari, he became less cautious, Fms. x. 414.

2. with the prep. svá, to happen, come to pass so and so; svá görðisk, at …, it so happened, that …, Nj. 167; görðisk svá til, at …, Fms. x. 391; þá görðisk svá til um síðir, at…, at last it came to pass. that …, 392; enda vissi hann eigi, at þingför mundi af görask, in case he knew not that it would entail a journey to parliament, Grág. i. 46: with at added, to increase, þá görðisk þat mjök at um jarl ( it grew even worse with the earl) at hann var úsiðugr um kvenna-far, görðisk þat svá mikit, at …, it grew to such a pitch, that …, Hkr. i. 245; hence the mod. phrase, e-ð á-görist, it increases, gains, advances, esp. of illness, bad habits, and the like, never in a good sense.

3. impers. with dat., honum gerðisk ekki mjök vært, he felt restless, Ld. 152; næsta gerisk mér kynlegt, I feel uneasy, Finnb. 236.

4. to behave, bear oneself; Páll görðisk hraustliga í nafni Jesu, Post. 656 C. 13.

5. to set about doing, be about; fám vetrum síðan görðisk hann vestr til Íslands, Fms. x. 415; maðr kom at honum ok spurði, hvat hann gerðisk, what he was about, Ó. H. 244; görðisk jarl til Ribbunga, Fms. ix. 312, v. l.; tveir menn görðusk ferðar sinnar, two men set out for a journey, x. 279; görðusk menn ok eigi til þess at sitja yfir hlut hans, Eg. 512; at þessir menn hafa görzk til svá mikils stórræðis, Fms. xi. 261; eigi treystusk menn at görask til við hann, Bárð. 160.

6. (mod.) to be; in such phrases as, eins og menn nú gerast, such as people now are; eins og flestir menn gerast.

F. PART. PASS. görr, geyrr (Fms. ix. 498, x. 75), gjörr, gerr, as adj., compar. görvari, superl. görvastr; [A. S. gearu; gare, Chaucer, Percy’s Ballads; O. H. G. garwe; Germ. gar]:—skilled, accomplished; vaskligr, at sér görr, Ld. 134; vel at sér görr, Ísl. ii. 326, Gísl. 14; gerr at sér um allt, Nj. 51; hraustir ok vel at sér görvir, Eg. 86; at engi maðr hafi gervari at sér verit en Sigurðr, Mork. 221; allra manna snjallastr í máli ok görvastr at sér, Hkr. iii. 360: the phrase, leggja görva hönd á e-t, to set a skilled hand to work, to be an adept, a master in a thing; svá hagr, at hann lagði allt á görva hönd, Fas. i. 391, (á allt görva hönd, iii. 195.)

2. ready made, at hand; in the saying, gott er til geyrs (i. e. görs, not geirs) at taka, ‘tis good to have a thing at hand, Hkm. 17; ganga til görs, to have it ready made for one, Ld. 96; gör gjöld, prompt punishment, Lex. Poët.:—with infin., gerr at bjóða, ready to offer, Gh. 17; gervir at eiskra, in wild spirits, Hom. 11; görvar at ríða, Vsp. 24: with gen. of the thing, gerr ílls hugar, prone to evil, Hým. 9; gerr galdrs, prone to sorcery, Þd. 3; skulut þess görvir, be ready for that! Am. 55.

II. [cp. görvi, Engl. gear], done, dressed; svá görvir, so ‘geared,’ so trussed, Am. 40.

III. adverb. phrases, so-gurt, at soguru, so done; verða menn þat þó so-gurt at hafa, i. e. there is no redress to be had, Hrafn. 9; hafi hann so-gurt, N. G. L. i. 35, Nj. 141; kvað eigi so-gort duga, 123, v. l.; at (með) so-guru, this done, quo facto, Skv. 1. 24, 40; freq. with a notion of being left undone, re infecta. Germ. unverrichteter sache, Eg. 155, Glúm. 332, Ó. H. 202; enda siti um so-gort, and now let it stand, Skálda 166; við so-gurt, id., 655 vii. 4; á so-gurt ofan, into the bargain, Bs. i. 178, Ölk. 36, Fas. i. 85.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > GÖRA
80 ekarri

iz.

1. ( hitz etorria) eloquence, glib, fluency, palaver formala. ; \ekarri ederra du he's glib | he's got the gift of gab ; ez daukat modurik haren \ekarriari erantzuteko I'm unable to answer his glibness; \ekarri handiko hizlaria an eloquent speaker ; \ekarri oneko well-spoken, articulate, eloquent

2. ( irabazia) income, earnings; aitaren \ekarria ez zen nahikoa etxeko gastuei aurre egiteko Dad's income wasn't enough to meet household expenses

3.

a. ( lilura, joera) propensity, liking, penchant

b. inclination, fondness, liking, bent

4.

a. ( fruitua) fruit, product

b. ( zeremana) contribution; Aita Barandiaranen \ekarria Aita Barandiaren's contribution

c. ( emaitza) production; baratza honek \ekarri onak izan ditu this vegetable garden's had a good yield

5. (G) ( zurrustada) spurt, jet, gush

6. ( zeremana) contribution du/ad.

1.

a. to bring, fetch, get; \ekarri hona! bring it over here!; berriz \ekarri to bring back; zer dakarzu? what are you bringing? egunero zer ekartzen duzu? what do you bring every day? ; \ekarri! hand it over! ; \ekarriko ditut behiak tegira I'll bring the cows to the stable

b. ( garraioek) to carry, transport

c. to hold, bear; burua gora ekartzen du he holds his head high

d. ( izen) to bear \ekarri behar duzu arbasoen izena you must bear your ancestors' name; Georges Pompidou zenaren izena dakarren erakundea the organization that bears the name of the late Georges Pompidou

e. (l andareak, animali mota) to introduce ( -ra: to)

2. ( aldizkaria, egunkaria) to carry, have, print ; egunkari honek ez dakar ezer Mongoliako politikari buruz this paper doesn't carry anything about Mongolian politics

3. ( sorrarazi, behartu)

a. to bring up; hori erran nion, solasak \ekarririk I told him that as it came up in the conversation; arazoak besterik ez dizkizu ekartzen it {causes || brings} you nothing but problems ; erabaki horrek kalteak \ekarriko ditu that decision will bring about harm

b. ( behartu; bultzatu) to make, bear down on i-r e-r egitera \ekarri to bear down on sb to do sth ; honek nakar zuri idaztera that {made || induced} me to write you ; mendera \ekarri to subdue

c. ( gorrotoa) to bring about, stir up, cause, give rise to ; eztabaida horiek gorrotoa dakarte those arguments cause hatred

d. gogora \ekarri to remind ; egoera horrek Lehenengo Mundu Gerra gogora dakarkit that reminds me of the First World War

4. ( aipatu, aitatu) to quote, cite; ekartzen dizkizut haren hitz berak I'll quote you his very words ; istorioak ekartzen du the story mentions him ; nitaz dakarren lekutasuna the testimony referring to me

5.

a. ( lege) to invoke, evoke

b. ( salapen, e.a.) to bring ; ez zen salapena \ekarri the charge wasn't brought

6.

a. ( eman) to hand, pass; \ekarri plater hori! hand me that plate!

b. ( maitatasuna, obedientzia, e.a.) to have, bear; gurasoei obedientzia \ekarri behar diegu we must obey our parents ; gurasoei begirunea \ekarri behar diezu you must have respect for your parents ; gain-gaineko amodioa ekartzen dio she loves him intensely

7. ( suposatu) to mean; gerlak heriotza dakar berarekin war means death; horrek diru asko dakar berarekin that means a lot of money

8. ( sinestarazi) to bring round, persuade; nahi dudanera \ekarriko dut I'll bring her round to what I want

9. ( nozitu, oinazetu) to suffer ; min handiak \ekarri ditu she's suffered great pain

10. ( tratatu) to treat gogorki ekartzea mistreatment

11. ( itzuli) to translate (- ra: into)

12. ( landareak, alea) to bear, produce

13. ( gutxitu) to bring down, reduce nire zorra hutsera \\ erdira \ekarri nahi dut I want to bring my debt down to zero \\ by half

14. ( gertu izan) to be near; euria dakar it's going to rain | rain's just around the corner ; laster umea dakar she's going to have a baby soon

15. Mat. to multiply; bi hamarrek ekartzen dute hogei two multiplied by ten equals twenty

16. ( joera ukan) to tend towards; hordikeriara \ekarria with a propensity for drunkenness

17. Kir. (pilota) to return; aise \ekarri\\\ekarridu Galartzak sakez botatakoa he easily returned Galartza's serve

18. ( jarraitu) to follow egunak eguna eta ez dira elkar iduriak one day follows the next and they're not alike Oharra: ekarri duten esaerak aurkitzeko, bila itzazu izenaren, adjektiboaren eta abarren adieran, adib., gogora ekarri aurkitzeko, bila ezazu gogora adieran

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mean*/*/*/ — [miːn] (past tense and past participle meant [ment] ) verb [T] I 1) to have a particular meaning What does ‘maudlin mean?[/ex] The word ‘serviette means something different in French.[/ex] 2) to intend to communicate a particular meaning By… … Dictionary for writing and speaking English
harm — I UK [hɑː(r)m] / US [hɑrm] noun [uncountable] ** injury, damage, or problems caused by something that you do projects that lead to environmental harm do/cause (someone) harm: Eating sweets occasionally doesn t do children any harm. The new law is … English dictionary

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

i+mean+him+no+harm

См. также в других словарях:

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

i+mean+him+no+harm

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: