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121 κλείς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `bar, bolt' (sec. `rowing bench', Leumann Hom. Wörter 209), ` hook, key, collar bone' (Il.).Other forms: κλειδός, κλεῖν (late κλεῖδα), older κλῄς, κλῃδός, κλῃ̃δα (on the notation Schwyzer 201f.), ep. Ion. κληΐς, - ῖδος, - ῖδα, Dor. κλᾱΐς, - ῖδος beside - ίδος (Simon., Pi.; Aeol.?, cf. Schwyzer 465), besides κλᾳξ (Theoc.), κλαικος, - κα (Epid., Mess.)Dialectal forms: Myc.. karawiporo = κλαϜι-φόροςCompounds: Compp., e. g. κλειδ-οῦχος ( κλῃδ-) m. f. `key-holder' (inscr.), κατα-κλείς, - κληΐς `lock, case, quiver' (Att.; from κατα-κλείω);Derivatives: Diminut. κλειδίον (Ar., Arist.); κλειδᾶς m. `lock-smith' (pap., inscr., Empire); late denomin. κλειδόω (Smyrna, pap.) with κλείδωσις (sch.), - ωμα (Suid.). - Old denomin. κλείω, Oldatt. κλῄω, Ion. κληΐω (Hdt.), late κλῄζω ( Hymn. Is., AP), Theoc. κλᾳζω, aor. ep. Ion. κληϊ̃σαι, κληΐσσαι (Od.), Oldatt. κλῃ̃σαι, Att. κλεῖσαι, pass. κληϊσθῆναι, κλῃσθῆναι, κλεισθῆναι (Ion. resp. Att.), κλᾳσθῆναι (Theoc.), fut. κλῄσω (Th.), κλείσω, perf. κέκλῃκα (Ar.), κέκλεικα (hell.), midd. κέκλῃμαι (-ήϊμαι), κέκλειμαι, Dor. κέκλᾳνται (Epich.); after it Dor. aor. ( κλαΐξαι) κλᾳ̃ξαι, pass. κλαιχθείς, fut. κλᾳξῶ (Theoc., Rhod.), backformed present ποτι-κλᾳγω (Heracl.), often with prefix, esp. ἀπο-, κατα-, συν-, `shut, block'. From there κλήϊθρον, κλῃ̃θρον, κλεῖθρον, κλᾳ̃θρον `lock, block' (IA. h. Merc. 146, Dor.) with κλειθρίον (Hero), κλειθρία `key-hole' (Luc.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 54), κλάϊστρον (Pi.), κλεῖστρον (Luc.) `lock', κλῃ̃σις, κλεῖσις (Th., Aen. Tact.), κλεῖσμα, κλεισμός (hell.; also ἀπόκλῃσις etc. from ἀπο-κλείω etc.); verbal adj. κληϊστός, κλῃστός, κλειστός (ep. IA.), κλαικτός ( κλᾳκτός) `what can be locked' (Argiv., Mess.). - On κλεισίον s. κλίνω.Etymology: Ion. Att. κλη(Ϝ)ῑ-δ- and Dor. κλᾱ(Ϝ)ῑ-κ- are dental- resp. velar enlargements of an ῑ-stem, which can still be seen in κληΐω. (Diff. Debrunner Mus. Helv. 3, 45ff.: κληΐω backformation from κληι̃̈̈ (δ)-σαι, from κληϊ̄δ-, cf. κληϊσ-τός). Att. κλεῖν can be easily explained (with Debrunner l. c.; also Schulze Kl. Schr. 419) as analogical to κλείς ( ναῦς: ναῦν a. o.). The ῑ-stem is based on a noun *κλᾱϜ(-ο)- like e. g. κνημί̄-δ- on κνήμη, χειρί̄-δ- on χείρ (Schwyzer 465, Chantraine Formation 346f.). - An exact agreement of the basic word can be found in Lat. clāvus `nail, pin', beside which, with the same meaning as the derived κληΐς, clāvis `key, block'; because of the semantic identity a loan from Greek has been considered, cf. Ernout-Meillet s. v. and (rejecting) W.-Hofmann 1, 230. (But clātrī pl. `lattice-work' from pl. Dor. κλᾳ̃θρα). Further there is a Celtic word, e. g. OIr. clō, pl. clōi `nail' (Lat. LW [loanword]?). Slavic has a few words with an eu-diphthong, IE. *klē̆u-, e. g. OCS a. Russ. ključь `key', SCr. kljȕka `hook, ey, clamp'. - The original meaning of the word was prob. `nail, pin, hook', instruments, of old use for locking doors. - More forms in Pok. 604f., W.-Hofmann s. claudō, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kliū́ti.Page in Frisk: 1,867-868Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλείς
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122 κλῐ1νω
κλῐ1νωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `incline (oneself), lean (on), sink, bend'.Other forms: - ομαι, aor. κλῖναι, κλίνασθαι (Il.), pass. κλιθῆναι (Od.), κλινθῆναι (Il.;; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 404 w. n. 2, Schwyzer 761), also κλινῆναι (Att.; prob. for *κλι-ῆναι; Schwyzer 760), fut. κλῐνῶ (Att.), perf. midd. κέκλῐμαι (Il.), with κέκλῐκα (Plb.),Derivatives: 1. from the root with δ-suffix: δι-κλί-δ-ες f. `double leaning, two-winged' (s. v.), ἐγκλίς ἡ καγκελλωτη θύρα (EM); παρα-, ἐγ-κλιδόν `turning aside, inclining' (Od.). 2. From a prefixed present with ending after the s-stems (Schwyzer 513): κατα-, ἐπι-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-, συγ-κλινής etc. `inclined away, slant etc.' (Hp., A.) with ἐπικλίν-εια (Heliol. Med.), συγκλιν-ίαι pl. (Plu.). 3. compounds with τη-suffix: παρα-, συγ-κλί-της `who lies beside or together at the table' (X.. Plu.), ἐπι-κλίν-της `who inclines to the side' (Arist.). - 4. κλειτύ̄ς (also κλῑτύς after κλί̄νω), ύος f. `slope, hill' (Il.; on the notation Schwyzer 506 w. n. 7). 5. κλεῖτος n. (A. R. 1, 599), κλῐ́τος n. (Lyc., LXX, AP) `slope, side'. - 6. κλίσις, most. in prefixcompp., e. g. ἀνά-, κατά-, ἀπό-κλισις `leaning back etc.' (IA.). - 7. κλίμα n. (with hell. ῐ for ει; Schwyzer 523) `inclination, slope, quarter, land', also ἔγκλι-μα etc. (Arist.), with κλιματίας `inclining' (Herakleit., Amm. Marc.), κλιματικός `belonging to the sone' (Vett. Val.). 8. κλῖμαξ, - ακος f. `trep, ladder, climax etc.' (Od.) with κλιμάκιον (IA.), - ίς (Att. inscr., hell.), κλιμακίσκοι πάλαισμα ποιόν H.; κλιμακίζω `use a grip called κλῖμαξ in the fighting', metaph. `bring down' (Att.); κλιμακωτός (Plb.), - ώδης (Str.) `like a trep'; also κλιμακ-τήρ `rug of a ladder' (IA.), `critical point of a mans life' (Varro) with κλιμακτηρικός, - τηρίζω (Gell., Vett. Val.); on the formation of κλῖμαξ (ῑ analog. for ει [*κλεῖ-μα] from κλί̄νω) Rodriguez Adrados Emerita 16, 133ff.; on κλιμακτήρ Chantraine Formation 327f. - 9. κλισμός `arm-chair' (Ion.Il.) with κλισμίον, - άκιον (inscr., Call.), `inclination, slope' (Arist.). - 10. ἀνά-κλιθρον `back of a chair' (Ptol.). - 11. κλίτα στοαί, κλίταν ( καὶ τάν cod.) στοάν H., prop. `leaning'; from there κλισία, Ion. - ίη `pile-dwelling, shed, chapel; arm-chair, resting-bed, tomb' ( Il.), κλίσιον nearly `annex, stoa' (ω 208, Delos IIIa), also `annex, shed, chapel' (Lys., Paus.); often written κλεισίον (inscr.), also κλεισία f. `tavern' (ep.), perh. through adaptation to κλείω `lock' (diff. Schulze Q. 295 A. 3 and Fraenkel KZ 45, 168); from there κλεισιάδες ( θύραι) `doors of the κλ(ε)ισία, of the κλ(ε)ισίον' (Hdt., Ph., D. H., Plu.); details on κλισίη in Frisk Eranos 41, 59ff., Scheller Oxytonierung 61. - 12. ( ἐγ-, ἐκ-)κλιτικός `inflecting etc.' (gramm.); to ( ἔγ-, ἔκ-)κλισις. - From the present: 13. κλίνη `layer, bed, litter' (IA.; cf. Chantraine Formation 192) with κλινίς, - ίδιον, - ίον, - άριον (Com.), κλίνειος `belonging to a κλίνη' (D.), - ήρης `censorius' (Ph., J.); as 2. member in σύγ-κλινος `bedfellow' (Men.). - 14. κλιντήρ, - ῆρος m. `id.' (Od.) with κλιντήριον, - ίδιον, - ίσκος (Ar.), ἀνακλιν-τήρ `neighbour at table' (Ps.-Callisth.); παρακλίν-τωρ `id.' (AP); ἀνά-, ἐπί-κλιν-τρον `back (leaning) etc.' (Erot. in Poll., Ar., inschr. etc.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [600] *ḱlei- `lean'Etymology: The yot-presens κλί̄νω \< *κλῐ́ν-ι̯ω, which is a Greek innovation, goes back on an older nasal-presens, seen in several languages but in diff. forms: Lat. clīnāre, Germ., e. g. OS hlinōn, OHG hlinēn \> lehnen, Balt., e. g. Latv. slìe-n-u, slìet, EastLith. šli-n-ù, šliñti `lean', Av. sri-nu-, ptc. sri-ta- `lean', prob. also Arm. li-ni-m, aor. ipv. le-r, `become, be'; the basis was athem. *ḱli-n-ā-mi. Beside this there was in Indo-Iranian and Baltic a thematic root-present, e. g. Skt. śrayati = Lith. (old a. dial.) šlejù `lean'. The originally only presentic nasal has in Latin and Germanic conquered the whole inflexion, but in Greek did not reach the perfect ( κέ-κλι-ται: Skt. śi-śri-y-é), partly also the passive aorist. - The Greek nominal derivations are mostly innovations; note, except ( ἄ)-κλιτος = Skt. śri-tá-, Av. sri-ta- `leaning', κλίσις, formally = Lith. šli-tì-s `shove-shed'; κλίτον = Germ. e. g. OHG lit `cover', NHG Augen- lid; beside it with full grade (as in κλει-τύς) e. g. OWNo. hlīð f. `slope'. As in κλίνη the nasal came in OHG hlina `reclinatorium'. - Several nominal formations in Bq s. v., Pok. 600ff., W.-Hofmann s. clīnō.Page in Frisk: 1,874-875Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλῐ1νω
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123 κοῖλος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `hollow, hollowed out, spacious, deep' (Il.).Other forms: κόϊλος, s. belowCompounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. κοιλο-γάστωρ `with a hollow belly, greedy' (A.; on the formation Sommer Nominalkomp. 150).Derivatives: A. Substant.: 1. κοιλία f. `abdomen, belly, hollow of the body in gen.' (IA.) with κοιλιώδης `belly-like' (Arist.), κοιλιακός `blonging to the belly, suffer from diseases of the belly' (Plu., medic.), κοιλιτική ( νόσος) `disease of the belly' ( Cat. Cod. Astr.); diminut. κοιλίδιον (Str.). 2. κοιλάς f. `hollow, ravine' (hell.), adj. f. `hollow' (Tryph. Ep.). 3. κοιλότης `hollow' (Arist.). 4. κοιλίσκος m. `hollow, scoop-shaped knife' (medic.; cf. γραφίσκος and other names of instruments in Chantraine Formation 408). 5. and 6. κοίλωμα (Arist., hell.), κοίλωσις (Hp.) `hollowing, deepening', cf. κοιλόομαι below. - B. Adjectives (to τὸ κοῖλον `hollow, cavity'): 1. κοιλώδης `rich in cavities' (Babr.). 2. κοιλαῖος = κοῖλος (Gal.). - C. Verbs: 1. κοιλαίνω, κοιλᾶναι (- ῆναι), κεκοίλασμαι `hollow out' (IA.) with κοίλανσις (Alex. Aphr.), κοίλασμα (LXX, Hero), κοιλασία (Hero), 2. κοιλόομαι, only in κεκοιλωμένος `hollowed' (D. S., Dsc.); κοίλωμα, κοίλωσις, if not directly from κοῖλος, s. above.Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [592] *ḱeu(H)-? `hollow, deep' ??Etymology: From the sometimes threesyllabic κόϊλος (in Hom. always possible except χ 385, at verse-beginning; Meister HK 50, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 28) follows a basis *κόϜιλος, which can be connected as λ-deriv. with κόοι τὰ χάσματα τῆς γῆς, καὶ τὰ κοιλώματα H. and Lat. cavus `hollow' from *kou̯os; beside it MIr. cūa `hollow' \< *ḱou̯-ios. If the connection κοῖλος = Alb. thelë `deep' (\< IE *ḱou̯ilos) is correct (Pedersen KZ 36, 332), the formation is older than Greek. Cognate l-derivv. are Arm. soyl `cavity' (\< IE. *ḱeu-lo-) and κύλα; s. v. More on the formation Benveniste Origines 41f., where a noun in -il is supposed as basis, and Specht Ursprung 130, who starts from an i-stem, referring to the hapax κοιφόν κοῖλον (prob. for κυφόν). - S. also κῶος, κώθων, κύαρ; further W.-Hofmann s. cavus.Page in Frisk: 1,891-892Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κοῖλος
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124 κόλαξ
κόλαξ, - ᾰκοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `flatterer, fawner' (Att. hell.).Compounds: Often as 2. member in the comedy, e. g. κνισο-κόλαξ, s. Risch IF 59, 277.Derivatives: κολακεία (Democr., Pl.), κολακίς f. (Clearch., Plu.), κολακικός `flattering' (Pl.) and κολακεύω `flatter' (Att. hell.); κολάκευμα (X.) `flattering', κολακευτικός `id.' (Pl.), κολακευτής = κόλαξ (Gloss.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Attic everyday language without etymology. Persson connects κηλέω, which is improb. because of the o-vowel; cf. Pok. 551, W.-Hofmann s. calumnia. Not better Pisani Ist. Lomb. 77, 553: to κέλλω, δύσκολος or Machek Slavia 16, 211 and Listy filol. 72, 69f.: to Slav. * cholcholiti in Czech. chlácholiti `soothe, acquiesce, flatter'. - Earlier attempts in Bq. - As the suffix - ακ- is Pre-Greek, so is the word prob.Page in Frisk: 1,896Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόλαξ
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125 κολοσσός
Grammatical information: m. (Cyrene also f.)Meaning: `gigantic statue, coloss (Hdt. [only about Egypt], hell.), also `statue' in gen. (A., hell.), `figure, puppet' (Cyrene; cf. v. Wilamowitz BerlAkSb. 1927: 19, 155ff.);Compounds: as 1. member e. g. in κολοσσο-ποιός (Hero).Derivatives: κολοσσιαῖος (D. S. [- ττ-], Ph., Pap.), - ικός (D. S. [- ττ-], Str., Plu.) `with the measures of a c., colossal'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The (suffixal) element - σσ- points to foreign Mediterranean origin; s. Chantraine Formation 34, Lamer IF 48, 233, Krahe Die Antike 15, 181; hesitating agreement of Kretschmer Glotta 21, 159. Bq compares the also dark κολεκάνος (- οκ-) `long, meager man' (Stratt., H.). No IE. etymology (no to κολωνός etc.; s. Bq). A typical Pre-Greek word. Ample about κολοσσός Benveniste Rev. de phil. 58, 118ff.Page in Frisk: 1,903-904Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κολοσσός
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126 κόνδυ
κόνδυ, - υοςGrammatical information: n.Derivatives: diminutive κονδύλιον (hell.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Sem.XEtymology: Like many words in -υ a loan (vgl. Chantraine Formation 119). Fur. 181 compares κοτὺλη `beaker', cf. κονδύλιον. Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971) 674 refers to late Babylon. kandu `vessel'.Page in Frisk: 1,911Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόνδυ
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127 κόραξ
κόραξ, - ακοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `raven' (Thgn., Pi.; Κόρακος πέτρη "raven-rock" ν 408), often metaph. `hook, grappling-iron, door-hook etc.' (hell.); also as fish-name (Diph. Siph.; s. below) and as name of a constellation (Eudox.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 191).Derivatives: Some fish- and plant-names (because of the colour and the voice, resp. because of the abode; Strömberg Fischnamen 114f., Pflanzennamen 119): diminut. κοράκιον `small hook' (pap.), plant = ἱεράκιον (Arist.), κορακίσκος (Gloss.), κορακῖνος m. `young raven' (Ar.), usu. fish-name, `Sciaena nigra' (Epich., Ar., Arist.) with f. κορακινίς (Gp.), dimin. - ινίδιον (Com., pap.); Lat. LW [loanword] coracīnus \> Ital. coracino etc.; κορακίας m. `chough, Pyrrhocorax alpinus' (Arist., H.), Κορακιαί pl. GN in Delos (inscr. IIIa; with oppositive accent); κορακεύς εἶδος ἰχθύος H. (Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 85); κοράκεως m. = κορώνεως `fig-tree with raven-black fruits' (Hermipp. 51; cf. on ἐρινεώς s. ἐρινεός); κορακησία plant-name (Pythag. ap. Plin.), Κορακήσιον GN (Pamphylia) with - ήσιος, - ησιωτικός (Pap. IIIa); on - ήσιος Chantraine Formation 42, Schwyzer 466; κορακώδης `ravenlike' (Arist.), κοραξός `raven-black' (Str.), κόραξος fish-name (Xenokr.) with σο-suffix (Schwyzer 516, Chantraine 434); ( κατα-)κορακόω `lock (with a door-hook)' ( Mon. Ant.), κοράξαι ἄγαν προσλιπαρῆσαι. πεποίηται παρὰ τοὺς κόρακας H., prob. prop. `hook oneself on'; as backformation κόρακος m. `plaster' (Paul. Aeg.)? - σκορακίζω prop. "wish to go to the raven ( ἐς κόρακας)", `drive away, revile' (Att., hell.) with σκορακισμός `revilement, curse' (LXX, Plu.); cf. Schwyzer 413. - Extension on κόραξ, κορακίας, κορακῖνος Thompson Birds and Fishes s. vv.Etymology: Onomatopoetic word in - αξ, cognate with the diff. formed Lat. corvus `raven', Gr. κορώνη, Lat. cornīx `crow', Gr. κόραφος bird-name (H.). In - α-ξ one assumes since Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 1, 494f. because of cor-n-īx, κορ-ών-η a sonantic -n̥-(but - ακ- is productive in Greek). - More forms in Pok. 567ff., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. cornīx. Cf. κορώνη, also κορκορυγή; κράζω and κρώζω.Page in Frisk: 1,917Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόραξ
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128 κορώνη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `crow', also `shearwater', `Corvus corone, cornix, frugilegus, Puffinus yelkuan' (Od.);Compounds: rarely in compp., e. g. κορωνο-βόλος `shooting crows', τρι-κόρωνος `have three times the age of a crow' (AP). - Often metaph. of all kinds of curved or hook-formed objects (cf. below): `tip of a bow' (Il.), `grip of a door' (Od., Poll.), `tip of the plough-pole' (A. R.), `back of a ship' (Arat.), `pathological tumour of the elbow etc.' (Hp.), `kind of crown' (Sophr. 163, H.).Derivatives: κορωνιδεύς m. `young crow' (Cratin. 179; Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 46); κορώνεως f. `tree with raven-black figs' (Ar. Pax 628; cf. on ἐρινεώς s. ἐρινεός). - κορωνίς f. `curbed, with tail', of ships (Hom.), of cattle (Theoc.), as subst. `crown' (Stesich.), `curved line, ornament' at the end of a book etc., as orthographic sign, metaph. `end' (hell.); also m. κορωνός `curbed etc.' (Archil., Hp., EM), also PN Κόρωνος (Β 746; Sommer Nominalkomp. 122), n. κορωνόν `knob of bone(s)', τὰ κόρωνα `elbow' (medic.); κορώνιος μηνοειδῆ ἔχων κέρατα βοῦς H., also monthsname (Knossos), κορώνιον n. `Krähenkraut(=?)' (Ps.-Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 42); κορωνίης m. `who proudly bows his neck' ( ἵππος; Semon.) with κορωνιάω `id., be proud' (hell.), also `curb oneself' ( κορωνιόωντα πέτηλα Hes. Sc. 289; metr. conditioned). - Denomin. verb κορωνίζω `end, finish' (of κορωνίς; Pontos); also of κορώνη as basis of κορωνισταί pl. "crow-singer", κορωνίσματα pl. "crow-songs", i. e. `begging singer', `-songs' (Ath.). - See on κορώνη Thompson Birds s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [567] *ker-\/kor-v\/n- `crow'Etymology: The Italic words for `crow', Lat. corn-īx, Umbr. curn-aco `cornicem', make also for κορών-η an old n-stem * koron-, * korn- probable (also in κόραξ and κόραφος? (diff. Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 1, 280; s. also Schwyzer 491); an u-stem alternating with this n-stem is seen in Lat. corvus, MIr. crū `raven'. The words are all based on an onomatop. (diff. Specht Ursprung 118: orig. colour word). - Generally κορώνη is as name for curbed abjects beside κορωνίς, κορωνός separated from κορώνη `crow' and connected with κυρτός (s. v.). Against a separation in two diff. words speaks the remarkable formation of the Greek word. The metaphorical use of κορώνη `crow' has nothing remarkable ( κόραξ, Lat. corvus, Fr. corbeau, NEngl. crow, Swed. kråka etc.). Both the beak and the feet of the bird may have caused the metaphors. - From here Lat. corōna, corōnis with westeuropean derivv. - Cf. on κόραξ.Page in Frisk: 1,927-928Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κορώνη
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