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21 avoir
avoir [avwaʀ]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━➭ TABLE 34━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque avoir fait partie d'une locution comme avoir faim, avoir raison, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• j'ai trois frères I have or I've got three brothers• j'ai la réponse I have or I've got the answer• il n'avait pas d'argent he had no money or didn't have any money• en avoir (inf!) ( = être courageux) to have balls (vulg!)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque avoir est utilisé pour localiser un bâtiment, un objet etc, il peut se traduire par to have (got), mais l'anglais préférera souvent une tournure avec to be.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━c. ( = obtenir) to get• pouvez-vous nous avoir ce livre ? can you get this book for us?d. ( = porter) [+ vêtements] to wear• ici, le lac a 2 km de large the lake is 2km wide hereg. ( = souffrir de) [+ rhume, maladie] to have• qu'est-ce que tu as ? what's wrong with you?• il a qu'il est jaloux he's jealous, that's what's wrong with him• qu'est-ce qu'il a à pleurer ? what's he crying for?h. ( = faire) to makei. ( = recevoir chez soi) to havej. ( = avoir un cours de, avoir à faire) to have• le vendredi, j'ai trois heures d'anglais I have three hours of English on Fridaysk. ( = atteindre, attraper) to get• on les aura ! we'll get them! (inf)• je t'aurai ! I'll get you! (inf)• je t'ai bien eu ! got you there! (inf)• je me suis fait avoir de 300 € I was conned out of 300 euros (inf!)2. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Le passé composé français peut se traduire soit par le prétérit, soit par le parfait anglais, selon le contexte.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• hier, j'ai mangé trois bananes yesterday, I ate three bananas• as-tu faim ? -- non, j'ai mangé trois bananes are you hungry? -- no, I've eaten three bananas• j'étais pressé, alors j'ai couru I was in a hurry so I ran► avoir à + infinitif ( = devoir)• c'est simple, vous n'avez qu'à lui écrire it's simple, just write to him• s'il n'est pas content, il n'a qu'à partir if he doesn't like it, he can always leave3. <► il y a• il y a voiture et voiture ! there are cars and cars!• qu'y a-t-il ? what is it?• qu'est-ce qu'il y a ? what's the matter?• qu'est-ce qu'il y a eu ? what's happened?• il n'y a pas que toi ! you're not the only one!• il n'y a que lui pour faire cela ! trust him to do that!• j'achète du pain ? -- non, il y en a encore shall I buy some bread? -- no, there's some left• il y en a qui disent... there are those who say...• il y en a qui feraient mieux de se taire ! some people would do better to keep quiet!• il n'y en a que pour mon petit frère, à la maison my little brother gets all the attention at home• il n'y en a eu que pour lui pendant l'émission the whole programme revolved around him► y a pas (inf)il y a pas, faut que je parte it's no good, I've got to go• y a pas, il faut qu'il désobéisse he just won't do as he's told• il y a pas à dire, il est très there's no denying he's very intelligent► il n'y a qu'à (+ infinitif), y a qu'à (+ infinitif) (inf)b. (temps)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Pour exprimer une durée, le présent français devient un parfait en anglais, l'imparfait un pluperfect.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Dans le cas d'une action révolue, on emploie ago et le prétérit.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• il y a dix ans, j'ai obtenu mon diplôme I graduated ten years ago• combien y a-t-il d'ici à Lille ? how far is it from here to Lille?4. <a. ( = bien) assetsb. ( = actif) credit ; ( = billet) credit note5. <* * *
I avwaʀ1) ( obtenir) to get [objet, rendez-vous]; to catch [train, avion]2) ( au téléphone)j'ai réussi à l'avoir — I managed to get through to him/her
3) ( porter) to wear, to have [something] on4) (colloq) ( triompher) to beat, to get (colloq), to havecette fois-ci, on les aura — this time, we'll get ou have them
5) ( duper) to have (colloq); ( par malveillance) to con (colloq)elle s'est fait or laissée avoir — she's been had (colloq)
6) ( éprouver moralement) to feelavoir du chagrin/de la haine — to feel sorrow/hate
qu'est-ce que tu as? — what's wrong ou the matter with you?
7) (servant à exprimer l'âge, des sensations physiques)j'ai 20 ans/faim/froid — I am 20 years old/hungry/cold
la salle a 20 mètres de long — the room is 20 metres [BrE] long
II avwaʀnom masculin2) ( possessions) assets (pl), holdings (pl)•Phrasal Verbs:
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Dans la plupart des situations exprimant la possession, la disponibilité avoir sera traduit par to have ou to have got: j'ai des livres/enfants/employés = I have (got) books/children/employees; je n'ai pas assez de place/temps = I don't have (ou I haven't got) enough room/time; la maison a l'électricité/cinq pièces = the house has electricity/five rooms; j'aurai mon visa demain = I'll have my visa tomorrow; ils vont/elle va avoir un bébé en mai = they're/she's having a baby in MayLes autres sens de avoir, verbe transitif simple (obtenir, porter, triompher de etc), sont traités dans l'entrée plus basOn notera qu'en règle générale les expressions figées du type avoir raison, avoir beau, en avoir marre, il y a belle lurette, il y a de quoi etc seront traitées respectivement sous raison, beau, marre, lurette, quoi etcOn pourra également consulter les diverses notes d'usage répertoriées, notamment celles consacrées à l'expression de l'âge, aux maladies, à l'expression de l'heure etcOn trouvera ci-dessous les divers emplois de avoir pour lesquelles une explication est nécessaireavoir = verbe auxiliaireavoir verbe auxiliaire se traduit toujours par to have sauf dans le cas du passé composé: ils avaient révisé les épreuves quand je suis parti = they had revised the proofs when I left; quand ils eurent (ou ont eu) révisé les épreuves, ils sont partis = when they had revised the proofs, they left; ils auront fini demain = they will have finished tomorrow; il aurait (ou eût) aimé parler = he would have liked to speak. Lorsqu'on a un passé composé en français, il sera traduit soit par le prétérit: ils ont révisé les épreuves en juin = they revised the proofs in June; ils ont révisé les épreuves avant ma démission = they revised the proofs before I resigned; je suis sûr qu'il l'a laissé là en partant = I'm sure he left it here when he left; soit par le ‘present perfect’: ils ont révisé les épreuves plusieurs fois = they have revised the proofs several timesavoir = verbe semi-auxiliaireDe même, avoir semi-auxiliaire dans les tournures attributives du type avoir le coeur malade/les genoux cagneux, se traduit de façon variable ( to be ou to have) selon la structure adoptée par l'anglais pour rendre ces tournures; voir, en l'occurrence, les entrées coeur et cagneux; mais c'est en général sous l'adjectif que ce problème est traitéavoir à + infinitifExprimant l'obligation ou la convenance, cette locution verbale se rend généralement par to have to suivi de l'infinitif: j'aurais à ajouter que... = I would have to add that...; tu auras à rendre compte de tes actes = you'll have to account for your actions; je n'ai pas à vous raconter ma vie = I don't have to tell you my life-story; vous n'aviez pas à le critiquer = you didn't have to criticize him; il n'a pas à te parler sur ce ton = he shouldn't speak to you in that tone of voice; j'ai beaucoup à faire = I have (ou I've got) a lot to do; tu n'as rien à faire? = don't you have (ou haven't you got GB) anything to do?; j'ai à faire un rapport/un rapport à faire = I have to write a report/a report to writeQuand cette locution équivaut à suffir, plusieurs possibilités de traduction se présentent: tu n'avais qu'à = tu aurais dû, elle se rend par should have suivi du participe passé; tu n'as qu'à leur écrire = you only have to (ou you've only got to GB, ou all you have to do is) write to them; tu n'auras que cinq minutes à attendre = you'll only have to wait five minutes; tu n'avais qu'à faire attention/me le dire/partir plus tôt = you should have paid attention/told me/left earlierOn trouvera sous assez, marre, etc les expressions figées en avoir assez, en avoir marre etc. Voir aussi les emplois avec il y a plus basL'anglais distingue généralement entre une tâche précise ( to take) et une activité ou absence indéterminée ( to be): vous en avez (ou aurez) pour combien de temps? (à faire ce travail) = how long will it take you?, (à me faire attendre) = how long are you going to be?; j'en ai pour cinq minutes (= je reviens dans...) = I'll be five minutes; je n'en ai pas pour longtemps = I won't be long; j'en ai eu pour deux heures = it took me two hoursSe traduit par to cost suivi du pronom personnel complément correspondant au pronom sujet français (voir aussi argent): j'en ai eu pour 500 francs = it cost me 500 francs; nous en aurons pour combien? = how much will it cost us?(sl) en avoir = to have balls (sl); ne pas en avoir = to have no balls (sl)il y a du lait dans le réfrigérateur = there's some milk in the fridge; il y a des souris/des araignées au grenier = there are mice/spiders in the attic; il n'y a pas/plus de riz = there's no/no more rice ou there isn't any/any more rice; il doit y avoir (ou il y aura) des souris dans le grenier = there must be mice in the attic; il n'y a pas eu moins de 50 concurrents = there were no less than 50 competitors; il y a chapeau et chapeau = there are hats and hats; il y aura Paul, Marie,... = there will be Paul, Marie,...; et il y aura Paul et Marie! = and Paul and Marie will be there!; il n'y a pas de raison de faire/que tu fasses = there's no reason to do/for you to do; il a dû y avoir quelque chose de grave = something serious must have happened; qu'est-ce qu'il y a? (qui ne va pas) = what's wrong?, (qui se passe) = what's going on?; il y a qu'elle m'énerve = she's getting on my nerves, that's what's wrong; il y a que l'ordinateur est en panne = the computer has broken downAttention, un mot singulier en français peut être traduit par un mot fonctionnant comme un pluriel en anglais: il y a beaucoup de monde = there are a lot of people; y avait-il du monde? = were there many people?il est venu il y a longtemps/cinq ans = he came a long time/five years ago; il y a cinq ans que j'habite ici = I have been living here for five years; il y aura cinq ans demain que j'ai pris ma retraite = it will be five years tomorrow since I retired; il y aura deux mois mardi que je travaille ici = I will have been working here for two months on Tuesday; il n'y a que deux mois que je suis/travaille ici = I have only been/been working here for two months; il n'y a pas cinq minutes qu'il est parti = he left less than five minutes ago; il n'y a pas 200 ans que l'espèce est éteinte = the species has been extinct for no more than 200 years; il y a combien de temps/d'années que tu habites ici? = how long/many years have you lived here?; il y a combien de temps/d'années qu'on ne s'est vus? = how long is it/many years has it been since we last met?Elle se fait généralement à l'aide du verbe to be: combien y a-t-il jusqu'à la gare/d'ici à la gare? = how far is it to the station/to the station from here?; combien y a-t-il encore jusqu'à la gare? = how much further is it to the station?; il y a 15 kilomètres jusqu'à/d'ici à la gare = the station is 15 kilometres [BrE] away/away from here; il y a au moins 15 kilomètres = it's at least 15 kilometres [BrE] away; il y a encore 15 kilomètres = it's another 15 kilometres [BrE]; il n'y a pas/que 200 mètres d'ici à la gare = it's less than/only 200 metres [BrE] from here to the stationil y a à + infinitifil y a à manger pour quatre = there's enough food for four; il y a (beaucoup) à faire = there's a lot to be done (ceci traduit également il y a de quoi faire); souligner le danger/l'avantage qu'il y a à faire = to stress how dangerous/advantageous it is to do; les risques qu'il y avait/aurait à faire = how risky it was/would be to do; il n'y a pas à hésiter/s'inquiéter = there's no need to hesitate/worry; il n'y a pas à discuter! = no arguments!; il n'y a qu'à le repeindre! - y a qu'à (colloq), c'est facile à dire! = all you have to do is repaint it! - just repaint it! easier said than done!L'existence se rend par there is/are, le temps par to take, et le coût par to cost ou to come to: il y en a qui n'ont pas peur du ridicule! = there are some people who aren't afraid of being ridiculed!; il y en a toujours pour se plaindre (ou qui se plaignent) = there's always someone who complains; il y en a (ou aura) pour deux heures = it'll take two hours; il y en a eu/aurait eu pour deux heures = it took/would have taken two hours; il n'y en a plus que pour deux heures = it'll only take another two hours; il y en a encore pour combien de temps? = how much longer will it take?; il y en a (ou aura) pour 200 francs = it'll cost (ou come to) 200 francs; il y en a eu pour 200 francs = it cost (ou came to) 200 francsNoter aussi: il n'y en a que pour leur chien = they only think of their dog ou their dog comes firstRemarque: certaines formes personnelles du verbe avoir sont équivalentes au présentatif il y a. En corrélation avec le relatif qui, elles ne se traduisent pas; directement suivies de l'objet présenté, elles se traitent comme il y a: j'ai mon stylo qui fuit = my pen is leaking; elle avait les larmes aux yeux = there were tears in her eyes; j'ai ma cicatrice qui me fait souffrir = my scar is hurting; à droite, vous avez une tapisserie d'Aubusson = on your right, there's an Aubusson tapestry* * *avwaʀ1. nm1) (= biens) assets pl2) COMMERCE (= note de crédit) credit2. vt1) (= posséder) to have, to have gotElle a 2 enfants. — She has 2 children., she has got 2 children
Elle a une belle maison. — She has a lovely house., She has got a lovely house.
Il a les yeux bleus. — He has blue eyes., He has got blue eyes.
Tu as de beaux cheveux. — You have beautiful hair., You have got beautiful hair.
Il a beaucoup d'amis. — He has a lot of friends., He has got a lot of friends.
2) (= obtenir) to get3) (= trouver)ici, vous avez la cuisine — here we have the kitchen
4) (= éprouver) [sensation, sentiment] to haveJ'avais un pressentiment. — I had a feeling.
Il a des démangeaisons. — He is itching.
J'ai une petite douleur ici. — I've got a slight pain here.
J'ai un drôle de pressentiment. — I have a funny feeling.
qu'est-ce que tu as?; qu'as-tu? — what's wrong?, what's the matter?
See:faim, peur, mal5) (âge)avoir 3 ans — to be 3 years old, to be 3
J'avais 10 ans quand je l'ai rencontré. — I was 10 when I met him.
6) * (= duper) to do *on vous a eu! — you've been done!, you've been had!
Vous n'avez qu'à lui demander. — You only have to ask him.
Tu n'as pas à me poser des questions. — It's not for you to ask me questions.
en avoir pour...; J'en ai pour une demi-heure. — It'll take me half an hour.
On en a eu pour 100 euros. — It cost us 100 euros.
3. vb auxJ'ai déjà mangé. — I've already eaten.
Il a mangé des frites. — He had some chips.
Hier je n'ai pas mangé. — I didn't eat yesterday.
Je lui ai parlé hier. — I spoke to him yesterday.
Il a neigé pendant la nuit. — It snowed during the night.
4. vb impers1) (présence)il y a (+ singulier) — there is, (+ pluriel) there are
Il y a quelqu'un à la porte. — There's somebody at the door.
Il y a un bon film à la télé. — There's a good film on TV.
Il y a des chocolats sur la table. — There are some chocolates on the table.
Il y a beaucoup de monde. — There are lots of people.
il doit y avoir; Il doit y avoir une explication. — There must be an explanation.
qu'est-ce qu'il y a?; qu'y a-t-il? — what's the matter?, what is it?
Il n'y a qu'à... — We will just have to...
Il n'y a qu'à partir plus tôt. — We'll just have to leave earlier.
Il ne peut y en avoir qu'un. — There can only be one.
2) (temporel)Je l'ai rencontré il y a 2 ans. — I met him 2 years ago.
Il y a 10 ans qu'il est arrivé. — It's 10 years since he arrived.
* * *I.avoir ⇒ Note d'usage verb table: avoir vtr1 ( obtenir) to get [objet, rendez-vous]; to catch [train, avion]; j'ai pu vous avoir votre visa I managed to get your visa for you; j'ai eu ce vase pour cinq euros I got this vase for five euros; pouvez-vous m'avoir un des traducteurs? can you get me one of the translators?; je n'ai pas eu mon train I didn't catch my train; il l'a eue◑ le soir même he had○ her that very evening;2 ( au téléphone) j'ai réussi à l'avoir I managed to get through to him/her; essayer d'avoir le ministre to try to get through to the minister; pouvez-vous m'avoir son adjoint/Hongkong can you put me through to ou get me his assistant/Hong Kong;3 ( porter) to wear, to have [sth] on; elle avait une robe bleue à son mariage she wore a blue dress at her wedding; elle a toujours une écharpe autour du cou she's always got a scarf round her neck; il avait un béret (sur la tête) he had a beret on ou he was wearing a beret;4 ○( triompher) to beat, to get○, to have; l'équipe de Marseille nous a eus the Marseilles team beat us; ne nous laissons pas avoir par la concurrence let's not let the competition beat us; cette fois-ci, on les aura this time, we'll get ou have them;5 ( duper) to have○; ( par malveillance) to con○; j'ai été eu I've been had○; il t'a bien eu! ( l'escroc) he conned○ you!; ( le plaisantin) he was having you on○! GB, he put one over on you○!; elle s'est fait or laissé avoir she's been had○; j'ai failli me faire avoir I was nearly conned○; je ne me laisserai pas avoir par un abruti○ I won't be conned○ by a moron;6 ( éprouver moralement) to feel; avoir du chagrin/de la haine to feel sorrow/hate; qu'est-ce que tu as? what's wrong ou the matter with you?; j'ai qu'il m'énerve he's getting on my nerves, that's what's wrong; qu'est-ce que tu as à crier comme ça? what are you shouting like that for?; j'ai que mon ordinateur ne marche pas because my computer doesn't work; qu'est-ce qu'il a à conduire comme ça? why is he driving like that?; il a qu'il est soûl because he's drunk, that's why;7 (servant à exprimer l'âge, des sensations physiques) j'ai 20 ans/faim/froid I am 20 years old/hungry/cold; la salle a 20 mètres de long the room is 20 metresGB long.en avoir○ to have balls◑; ne pas en avoir○ to have no balls◑.II.avoir nm2 ( possessions) assets (pl), holdings (pl); avoirs à l'étranger foreign assets ou holdings; avoirs en caisse cash holdings; avoirs en dollars dollar-based assets;avoir fiscal tax credit.I[avwar] nom masculin[en comptabilité] credit side2. ÉCONOMIE & FINANCEavoirs assets, holdingsavoirs numéraires ou en caisse cash holdingsII[avwar] verbe auxiliaireA.1. [avec des verbes transitifs]as-tu lu sa lettre? did you read ou have you read his letter?non content de les avoir humiliés, il les a jetés dehors not content with humiliating them, he threw them out2. [avec des verbes intransitifs]3. [avec le verbe 'être']il aurait été enchanté he would've ou would have been delightedB.1. [exprime la possibilité]a. [conseil] all they have to do ou all they've got to do is write to the managerb. [menace] just let them (try and) write to the managers'il vous manque quelque chose, vous n'avez qu'à me le faire savoir if you're missing anything, just let me know2. [exprime l'obligation]et voilà, je n'ai plus qu'à recommencer! so now I've got to start all over again!3. [exprime le besoin]il a à te parler he's got something to ou there's something he wants to tell youtu n'as pas à t'inquiéter you shouldn't worry, you have nothing to worry about4. (locution)————————[avwar] verbe transitifA.1. [être propriétaire de - action, bien, domaine etc.] to have, to own, to possess ; [ - chien, hôtel, voiture] to have, to owntu n'aurais pas un stylo en plus? have you got ou do you happen to have a spare pen?2. [ami, collègue, famille etc.] to haveavoir un/une/des... qui: elle a un mari qui fait la cuisine she's got the sort ou kind of husband who does the cookingavoir son/sa/ses... qui (familier) : j'ai la chaîne de mon vélo qui est cassée the chain on my bike is broken3. [détenir - permis de conduire, titre] to have, to hold ; [ - droits, privilège] to have, to enjoy ; [ - emploi, expérience, devoirs, obligations] to have ; [ - documents, preuves] to have, to possessavoir le ballon to be in possession of ou to have the ball[au téléphone] to get through toj'ai essayé de t'avoir toute la journée I tried to get through to you ou to contact you all day5. [jouir de - beau temps, bonne santé, liberté, bonne réputation] to have, to enjoy ; [ - choix, temps, mauvaise réputation] to haveil a tout pour lui et il n'est pas heureux! he's got everything you could wish for and he's still not happy!6. [recevoir chez soi]avoir de la famille/des amis à dîner to have relatives/friends over for dinnerbientôt, nous aurons les chaînes européennes soon, we'll be able to get the European channels8. [attraper - otage, prisonnier] to have10. [monter à bord de - avion, bus, train] to catchB.1. [présenter - tel aspect] to have (got)elle a un joli sourire she's got ou she has a nice smileton père a le défaut de ne pas écouter ce qu'on lui dit your father's weakness is not listening to what people tell him[avec pour complément une partie du corps] to havefaites attention, il a une arme careful, he's got a weapon ou he's armed3. [faire preuve de]avoir du talent to have talent, to be talentedayez la gentillesse de... would you ou please be kind enough to...4. [exprime la mesure] to bele voilier a 4 m de large ou largeur the yacht is 4 m widetu en as pour 12 jours/deux heures it'll take you 12 days/two hours5. [exprime l'âge] to beC.1. [subir - symptôme] to have, to show, to display ; [ - maladie, hoquet, mal de tête etc.] to have ; [ - accident, souci, ennuis] to have ; [ - difficultés] to have, to experience ; [ - opération] to undergo, to have ; [ - crise] to have, to go through (inseparable)avoir de la fièvre to have ou to be running a temperatureje ne sais pas ce que j'ai aujourd'hui I don't know what's the matter ou what's wrong with me todayle car n'a rien eu du tout, mais la moto est fichue (familier) there wasn't a scratch on the bus but the motorbike's a write-offun enfant/chaton qui a des vers a child/kitten with wormselle eut cette phrase devenue célèbre she said ou uttered those now famous words3. [ressentir]avoir faim to be ou to feel hungryavoir peur to be ou to feel afraidavoir du chagrin to feel ou to be sadavoir de l'amitié pour quelqu'un to regard ou to consider somebody as a friendavoir du respect pour quelqu'un to have respect for ou to respect somebodyce chien/cette guêpe en a après toi! this dog/wasp has got it in for you!en avoir après ou contre quelque chose to be angry about something4. [élaborer par l'esprit - avis, idée, suggestion] to haveD.1 500 euros pour ce buffet? tu t'es fait avoir! 1,500 euros for that dresser? you were conned ou had ou done!tu t'es fait avoir! you've been had ou taken in ou taken for a ride!tu essaies de m'avoir! you're having ou putting me on!————————il y a verbe impersonnel1. [dans une description, une énumération - suivi d'un singulier] there is ; [ - suivi d'un pluriel] there areil n'y a qu'ici qu'on en trouve this is the only place (where) you can find it/themmerci — il n'y a pas de quoi! thank you — don't mention it ou you're welcome!il n'y a rien à faire, la voiture ne démarre pas it's no good, the car won't startil n'y a pas à dire, il sait ce qu'il veut there's no denying he knows what he wantsqu'est-ce qu'il y a? — il y a que j'en ai marre! (familier) what's the matter? — I'm fed up, that's what!2. [exprimant la possibilité, l'obligation etc.]il n'y a qu'à lui dire you/we etc. just have to tell him3. [indiquant la durée]4. [indiquant la distance]il doit y avoir une raison there must be a ou some reason -
22 vivere
1. v/i live (di on)2. v/t (passare, provare) experiencevivere una vita tranquilla live quietly, lead a quiet life* * *vivere v. intr.1 to live: piante che vivono nell'acqua, plants that live in water; mia nonna visse fino a 79 anni, my grandmother lived to the age of 79; vivere a lungo, to live for a long time; il dottore crede che non vivrà più di due giorni, the doctor thinks he will not live more than two days; vive ancora, he is still living (o he is still alive); le farfalle non vivono a lungo, butterflies are short-lived; cessare di vivere, to die; essere stanco di vivere, to be tired of life; vivere fino a tarda età, to live to a great age; possa egli vivere a lungo!, may he live long!; visse nel sedicesimo secolo, he lived in the 16th century; vivere modestamente, to live modestly; vivere onestamente, to live honestly (o to live an honest life); vivere nel peccato, to live in sin // da quando l'ho lasciato non vivo più, I've been feeling terrible since I left him; da quando gli ho promesso di portarlo al circo non mi lascia vivere, he hasn't given me a moment's peace since I promised to take him to the circus; ''Come va?'' ''Si vive'', ''How are you?'' ''I can't complain (o I'm getting by)''; quella donna non sa vivere, that woman doesn't know how to live; ti insegnerò io a vivere!, I'll teach you what's what! // chi vivrà vedrà, time will tell // vivere e lasciar vivere, (prov.) to live and let live // (tip.) vive, stet2 ( abitare) to live: amo vivere in città, in campagna, I love living in the city, in the country; vivo a Roma, I live in Rome; vivo qui da quasi due anni, I have been living here (for) almost two years; vivere con qlcu., to live with s.o.3 ( campare, sostenersi) to live (on, by sthg.): guadagno abbastanza per vivere, I earn (o make) enough to live on; riesce a stento a guadagnarsi da vivere, he can hardly make a living (o make ends meet); avere di che vivere, to have enough to live on; lavorare per vivere, to work for a living; vivere del proprio stipendio, to live on one's salary; vivere del proprio lavoro, to live by one's work; vivere di rendita, to live on a private income; vivere del sudore della propria fronte, to live by the sweat of one's brow; vivere alle spalle di qlcu., to sponge on s.o.; vivere di espedienti, to live by one's wits; vivere di elemosina, to live on alms; vivere alla giornata, to live from hand to mouth; vivere negli agi, to live a life of luxury; vivere da gran signore, to live like a lord4 ( durare) to live (on), to last, to endure: opera che vivrà, work that will live (o endure); il suo nome vivrà, his name will live (on); tradizioni che vivono ancora, traditions that are still alive◆ v.tr. to live; to have: le vicende che egli visse, the events he lived through; vivere una vita tranquilla, to live a quiet life; abbiamo vissuto momenti felici, we have had happy moments; vivere la gioia del successo, to experience the thrill of success.vivere s.m. life, living; ( modo di vivere) way of life: il vivere a New York, the way of life in New York; oggi vivere è più caro di una volta, today the cost of living is higher than it used to be; per amore del quieto vivere, for the sake of a quiet life.* * *1. ['vivere]vb irreg vi (aus essere)1) (gen) to live, (essere vivo) to live, be alivevivere fuori dalla realtà — to live in another world, be out of touch with reality
2) (abitare) to live3)vivere (di) — to live (on)vivere di — to live on, feed on4) (comportarsi) to live5) Tip2. vt(vita) to live, (avvenimento, esperienza) to live through, go through3. sm* * *I 1. ['vivere]verbo intransitivo (aus. essere, avere)1) (essere in vita) to livecessare di vivere — eufem. to pass away
2) (trascorrere l'esistenza, abitare) to livevivere in campagna, in città — to live in the country, in town
vivere nel lusso, nella miseria — to live o lead a life of luxury, of misery
imparare a vivere — fig. to learn to live
avere vissuto — fig. to have seen a great deal of life
3) (sopravvivere)guadagnarsi da vivere — to earn a o one's living, to make a living ( con out of)
vivere di ricordi — fig. to live on memories
4) (durare)2.verbo transitivo1) (conoscere) to go* through [momenti difficili, inferno]; to experience [ passione]vivere la propria vita — to lead o live one's own life
2) (sentire, sperimentare) to cope with [divorzio, fallimento, cambiamento]••II ['vivere]stare sul chi vive — to be on the qui vive, to keep a sharp look-out
sostantivo maschile life* * *vivere1/'vivere/(aus. essere, avere)1 (essere in vita) to live; vivere fino a cent'anni to live to be a hundred; cessare di vivere eufem. to pass away2 (trascorrere l'esistenza, abitare) to live; da quanto tempo vivi qui? how long have you been living here? vivere in campagna, in città to live in the country, in town; vivere per conto proprio to live on one's own; vivere nel lusso, nella miseria to live o lead a life of luxury, of misery; vivere da eremita to live like a hermit; modo di vivere way of life; imparare a vivere fig. to learn to live; avere vissuto fig. to have seen a great deal of life3 (sopravvivere) vivere con poco to live on very little; guadagnarsi da vivere to earn a o one's living, to make a living ( con out of); avere di che vivere to have enough to live on; vivere del proprio lavoro to live on one's work; vivere di ricordi fig. to live on memories4 (durare) il loro ricordo vivrà nella nostra memoria their memory will live on in our hearts1 (conoscere) to go* through [momenti difficili, inferno]; to experience [ passione]; vivere la propria vita to lead o live one's own life; vivere una vita tranquilla to lead a quiet life; la vita vale la pena di essere vissuta life is worth living2 (sentire, sperimentare) to cope with [divorzio, fallimento, cambiamento]chi vivrà vedrà time (alone) will tell; stare sul chi vive to be on the qui vive, to keep a sharp look-out; vivi e lascia vivere live and let live.————————vivere2/'vivere/sostantivo m.life; questo non è vivere this is not life; quieto vivere quiet life; per amore del quieto vivere for a quiet life. -
23 vivre
vivre [vivʀ]➭ TABLE 461. intransitive verba. to live• quand l'ambulance est arrivée, il vivait encore he was still alive when the ambulance arrived• vivre à Londres/en France to live in London/in France• vivre dans le passé/dans la crainte to live in the past/in fear• être facile/difficile à vivre to be easy/difficult to get on with• vivre de laitages/de rentes to live on dairy produce/a private income• travailler/écrire pour vivre to work/write for a living• faire vivre qn [personne] to support sb• elle ne vit plus depuis que son fils est pilote she's been living on her nerves since her son became a pilotb. [idée, rue, paysage] to be alive2. transitive verba. ( = passer) to spendb. [+ événement, guerre] to live through3. plural masculine noun* * *vivʀ
1.
1) ( connaître) to live through [époque, période]; to go through [heures difficiles, enfer]; to experience [amour, passion]2) ( ressentir) to cope with [divorce, échec]
2.
verbe intransitif1) Biologie ( être vivant) to livevivre vieux/centenaire — to live to a great age/to be a hundred
cesser de vivre — euph to pass away
vive moi/nous! — three cheers for me/us!
2) ( habiter) to liveêtre facile à vivre — [conjoint] to be easy to live with; [ami] to be easy to get on with
3) ( exister) [personne] to liveapprendre à vivre à quelqu'un — (colloq) to teach somebody some manners (colloq)
savoir vivre — ( profiter de la vie) to know how to enjoy life
4) ( survivre) [personne] to live5) ( durer) [relation, mode] to lastavoir vécu — [personne] to have seen a great deal of life; ( être usé) hum to have had its day
6) ( être animé) [ville, rue] to be full of life••* * *vivʀ1. vi1) (= résider) to liveJ'aimerais vivre à l'étranger. — I'd like to live abroad.
Je vis en Écosse. — I live in Scotland.
Il vit chez ses parents. — He lives with his parents.
Il a vécu à Paris pendant dix ans. — He lived in Paris for ten years.
2) (= être vivant) to be aliveavoir vécu; Ce régime a vécu. — This regime has had its day.
3) (= exister, mener son existence) to liveOn vit de plus en plus longtemps. — People are living longer and longer.
se laisser vivre — to let o.s. go
ne plus vivre (= être anxieux) — to live on one's nerves
Il a vécu. — He has seen life.
4) (= subsister) to liveIls avaient à peine de quoi vivre. — They had barely enough to live on.
vivre de [salaire, allocations] — to live on
vivre mal (= chichement) — to have a meagre existence
2. vt1) [vie] to live, [aventures] to go through, [temps] to spendIls y ont vécu des jours heureux. — They spent some happy times there.
2) (= ressentir)Il a très mal vécu son licenciement. — He took his redundancy very hard.
3. nm4. vivres nmplprovisions, food supplies* * *vivre verb table: vivreA vtr1 ( connaître) to live through [époque, période]; to go through [heures difficiles, cauchemar, enfer]; to experience [amour, passion]; vivre son mariage comme un sacrifice to view one's marriage as self-sacrifice; être vécu comme un affront to be taken as an insult; vivre une vie tranquille/agitée to lead a quiet/hectic life; la vie vaut d'être vécue life is worth living; vivre sa vie to lead one's own life;2 ( ressentir) to cope with [divorce, échec, changement]; comment as-tu vécu votre séparation? how did you cope with your separation?; vivre sa foi to put one's faith into practiceGB?B vi1 Biol ( être vivant) [personne, animal, plante] to live; vivre longtemps/vieux/centenaire to live for a long time/to a great age/to be a hundred; cesser de vivre euph to pass away; vive la révolution/le président! long live the revolution/the president!; vive(nt) les vacances! three cheers for the holidays GB ou the vacation US!; vive la vie! life is wonderful!; vive moi/nous! three cheers for me/us!; vive Paul! hurray for Paul!;2 ( habiter) [personne, animal, plante] to live; vivre à la campagne/en démocratie to live in the country/in a democracy; il vit avec quelqu'un he's living with somebody; vivre à cinq dans une chambre to live five to a room; être facile/difficile à vivre [conjoint, concubin] to be easy/difficult to live with; [ami, collègue] to be easy/difficult to get on with; vivre les uns sur les autres to live on top of each other;3 ( exister) [personne] to live; vivre en ermite to live like a hermit; vivre dans la crainte/pour ses enfants to live in fear/for one's children; vivre avec son temps to move with the times; vivre à contre-courant to go one's own way; vivre en pyjama to live in one's pyjamas GB ou pajamas US; se laisser vivre to take things easy; apprendre à qn à vivre○ to teach sb some manners○; savoir vivre ( profiter de la vie) to know how to enjoy life; ( être poli) to know how things are done;4 ( survivre) [personne] to live; bien vivre to live well; vivre de peu to live on very little; de quoi vit-elle? what does she live on?; avoir de quoi vivre to have enough to live on; vivre avec presque rien/sur son capital/de la charité to live on next to nothing/on one's capital/on charity; vivre de légumes to live on vegetables; vivre sur sa réputation to live on one's reputation; vivre de ses rentes to have a private income; faire vivre qn ( matériellement) to keep sb; vivre aux dépens de qn to live off sb; vivre d'espoir to live in hope; qu'est-ce qui te fait vivre? what keeps you going?;5 ( durer) [relation, mode, idéologie] to last; le gouvernement ne vivra pas longtemps the government won't last long; avoir vécu [personne] to have seen a great deal of life; hum ( être usé) [objet, idée] to have had its day; mes chaussures ont vécu my shoes have had their day; leur souvenir vivra dans nos mémoires their memory will live on in our hearts;6 ( être animé) [ville, rue] to be full of life.C se vivre vpr ( être ressenti) le divorce se vit souvent très mal divorce is often very hard to cope with.D vivres nmpl1 ( nourriture) food, supplies;2 ( moyens de subsistance) couper les vivres à qn to cut off sb's allowance.le vivre et le couvert board and lodging; vivre de l'air du temps to live on air; vivre sur un grand pied to live in great style; qui vivra verra what will be will be.I[vivr] nom masculin————————vivres nom masculin plurielII[vivr] verbe intransitif[cellule, plante] to livevivre vieux ou longtemps to live to a great age ou ripe old age2. [mener une existence] to livevivre à l'heure de l'Europe/du XXIe siècle to live in the world of the European community/of the 21st centuryvivre dans le luxe/l'angoisse to live in luxury/anxietyne vivre que pour la musique/sa famille to live only for music/one's familyil fait bon vivre ici life is good ou it's a good life herea. [on est inquiet] we're worried sickb. [on est harassé] this isn't a life, this isn't what you can call livinga. [il est impoli] he has no mannersb. [il est trop nerveux] he doesn't know how to enjoy life3. [résider] to livevivre au Brésil/dans un château to live in Brazil/in a castlevivre dans une ou en communauté to live communally ou in a communitya. [maritalement] to live with somebodyb. [en amis] to share ou to live with somebodyvivre ensemble [couple non marié] to live togetherêtre facile à vivre to be easygoing ou easy to get on with4. [subsister] to livevivre sur un seul salaire to live ou to exist on just one salarya. [personne] to provide a living for ou to support a familyb. [commerce] to provide a living for a familyvivre bien/chichement to have a good/poor standard of livingils vivaient de la cueillette et de la chasse they lived on what they gathered and hunted ou off the landil faut bien vivre! one's got to keep the wolf from the door ou to live (somehow)!5. [se perpétuer - croyance, coutume] to be alive6. [donner l'impression de vie - sculpture, tableau]————————[vivr] verbe transitif1. [passer par - époque, événement] to live through (inseparable)vivre des temps difficiles to live through ou to experience difficult timesvivre des jours heureux/paisibles to spend one's days happily/peacefully2. [assumer - divorce, grossesse, retraite] to experienceelle a mal/bien vécu mon départ she couldn't cope/she coped well after I left3. (locution) -
24 year
jiə
1. noun1) (the period of time the earth takes to go once round the sun, about 365 days: We lived here for five years, from November 1968 to November 1973; a two-year delay.) año2) (the period from January 1 to December 31, being 365 days, except in a leap year, when it is 366 days: in the year 1945.) año•- yearly
2. adverb(every year: The festival is held yearly.) anualmente- all the year round
- all year round
- long
year n1. año2. cursotr[jɪəːSMALLr/SMALL]1 añoshe earns 14,000 pounds a year gana 14.000 libras al año2 SMALLEDUCATION/SMALL curso\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLall the year round durante todo el añosince the year dot desde el año de la nanato put years on somebody envejecerto take years off somebody rejuvenecer a alguienyear in, year out año tras añoyear ['jɪr] n1) : año mlast year: el año pasadohe's ten years old: tiene diez años2) : curso m, año m (escolar)3) years nplages: siglos mpl, años mplI haven't seen them in years: hace siglos que no los veon.• añada s.f.• año s.m.jɪr, jɪə(r)1) ( period of time) año mnext year — el año que viene, el próximo año
this time last year... — el año pasado por estas fechas...
every year — todos los años, cada año
every other o every second year — cada dos años, un año sí y otro no
once or twice a year — una o dos veces al or por año
it costs $500 a year — cuesta 500 dólares al año
it'll be a year next Monday/August — el lunes que viene/en agosto hará un año
in all my years as a teacher... — en todos mis años que ha trabajado de profesor,...
I'll return in a year o in a year's time — volveré dentro de un año
over the years I've grown accustomed to it — con el tiempo or con los años me he ido acostumbrando
year after year/year in, year out — año tras año
she got five years — (colloq) le cayeron cinco años (fam)
the year one o (BrE) the year dot — (colloq) el año de Maricastaña or de la pera (fam)
2) years pla) ( a long time)it's years since I saw him, I haven't seen him for years — hace años que no lo veo
that was years ago — de eso hace mucho tiempo or muchos años
years ago, there was a church here — años atrás, aquí había una iglesia
it put years on me — me avejentó or me envejeció, me echó años encima
b) ( age)3)a) ( Educ) curso m, año mI'm still in (the) first year — todavía estoy en primer año or en primero
b) ( of wine) cosecha f['jɪǝ(r)]N1) (=twelve months) año mit takes years — es cosa de años, se tarda años
•
three times a year — tres veces al año•
in after years — liter en los años siguientes, años después•
to reckon sth by the year — calcular algo por años•
year in, year out — año tras año, todos los años sin falta•
last year — el año pasadothe next year — (in past time) el año siguiente
•
the work has put years on him — el trabajo lo ha envejecidosince the year dot — desde el año de la nana *, desde siempre
2) (=age)•
in my early years — en mi infancia, en mi juventud•
he looks old/young for his years — aparenta más/menos años de los que tiene•
he's getting on in years — va para viejo•
in his later years — en sus últimos años3) (Brit) (Scol, Univ) curso m, año m4) [of wine] cosecha f, vendimia f1982 was a good/bad year — 1982 fue una buena/mala cosecha or vendimia, 1982 fue un buen/mal año
* * *[jɪr, jɪə(r)]1) ( period of time) año mnext year — el año que viene, el próximo año
this time last year... — el año pasado por estas fechas...
every year — todos los años, cada año
every other o every second year — cada dos años, un año sí y otro no
once or twice a year — una o dos veces al or por año
it costs $500 a year — cuesta 500 dólares al año
it'll be a year next Monday/August — el lunes que viene/en agosto hará un año
in all my years as a teacher... — en todos mis años que ha trabajado de profesor,...
I'll return in a year o in a year's time — volveré dentro de un año
over the years I've grown accustomed to it — con el tiempo or con los años me he ido acostumbrando
year after year/year in, year out — año tras año
she got five years — (colloq) le cayeron cinco años (fam)
the year one o (BrE) the year dot — (colloq) el año de Maricastaña or de la pera (fam)
2) years pla) ( a long time)it's years since I saw him, I haven't seen him for years — hace años que no lo veo
that was years ago — de eso hace mucho tiempo or muchos años
years ago, there was a church here — años atrás, aquí había una iglesia
it put years on me — me avejentó or me envejeció, me echó años encima
b) ( age)3)a) ( Educ) curso m, año mI'm still in (the) first year — todavía estoy en primer año or en primero
b) ( of wine) cosecha f -
25 parecchio
1. adj a lot of3. adv quite a lot* * *parecchio agg.indef.1 ( con riferimento alla quantità) (quite) a lot of; rather a lot of; plenty of [cfr. molto ]: abbiamo speso parecchio denaro, we have spent quite (o rather) a lot of money; ho parecchio tempo libero questa settimana, I've got quite a lot (o plenty) of spare time this week2 ( con riferimento alla durata nel tempo) (quite) a long; rather a long: parecchio tempo, (quite) a long time; long (spec. in frasi interr.): accadde parecchio tempo fa, it happened (quite) a long time ago; non lo vedo da parecchio tempo, I haven't seen him for quite (o rather) a long time; hai dovuto attendere parecchio tempo?, did you have to wait long? // Anche in espressioni ellittiche: siete qui da parecchio?, have you been here long?; c'è parecchio da qui alla stazione?, is it far from here to the station?; è stato parecchio assente da scuola, he has been away from school for quite a long time; ci è voluto parecchio per fargliela capire, he took a lot of convincing3 pl. ( diversi) several; ( un numero notevole di) quite a lot of; rather a lot of; quite a few: conosciamo parecchie persone a Roma, we know quite a lot of (o quite a few) people in Rome; vive a Londra da parecchi anni, he has lived in London for quite a few years; ho ancora parecchie pagine da leggere, I still have several (o quite a few) pages to read; ci sono parecchi errori in questo esercizio, there are quite (o rather) a lot of mistakes in this exercise◆ pron.indef.1 quite a lot; rather a lot; plenty: c'è parecchio da vedere in questa città, there is quite a lot (o plenty) to see in this town; ''Hai ancora molto lavoro da fare?'' ''Sì, parecchio'', ''Have you still got much work to do?'' ''Yes, quite (o rather) a lot'' (o fam. ''Yes, lots'')2 pl. ( diversi) several; ( un numero notevole) quite a few, quite a lot; ( parecchia gente) quite a lot of people: parecchi di noi, di loro ecc., several of us, of them etc.; parecchie di queste monete sono false, several of these coins are false; ''Avete venduto molti quadri?'' ''Sì, parecchi'', ''Have you sold many paintings?'' ''Yes, quite a lot'' (o ''Yes, quite a few''); parecchi credono che ci siano forme di vita su Marte, quite a lot of people think there is life on Mars; eravamo in parecchi, there were quite a lot (o quite a few) of us◆ avv. quite, very, rather (con agg.); quite a lot; rather a lot: fui parecchio sorpreso di vederlo, I was quite (o very o rather) surprised to see him; quel ragazzo è parecchio intelligente, that boy is quite clever; il suo ultimo libro è stato parecchio criticato, his latest book has met with quite (o rather) a lot of criticism; hanno bevuto parecchio stasera, they have had quite (o rather) a lot to drink this evening; si è dato parecchio da fare per aiutarmi, he did (quite) a lot to help me ∙ Per ulteriori esempi vedi molto.* * *[pa'rekkjo] parecchio -a, -chi1. agg indefc'era parecchia gente — there were quite a lot of o several people
parecchio tempo — quite a lot of time, a long time
non lo vedo da parecchio tempo — I haven't seen him for ages o for a long time
parecchio tempo fa — a long time ago, long ago
2)parecchi(e) — several, quite a lot of
parecchie persone/volte/cose — several o a number of people/times/things
2. pron indefquite a lot, quite a bitparecchi(e) — several, quite a lot
c'è del pane? — parecchio — is there any bread? — yes, quite a lot
quanto tempo hai aspettato? — parecchio — how long did you wait? — quite a long time o quite a while
parecchi dicono... — several people o a number of people say...
parecchi di noi — several of us, quite a few of us
3. avv1) (seguito da agg) quite, rather2) (preceduto da vb) quite a lot, quite a bit* * *1.1) quite a lot of, a good deal of- chi — several, quite a few, a good many
guadagna -chi soldi — he earns quite a lot of o a good deal of money
2) (di tempo)2.pronome indefinito quite a lot, a good dealguadagnare parecchio — to earn quite a lot o a good deal
3.ce ne sono -chi — there are quite a few o a good many
1) (con un verbo) [mangiare, preoccuparsi, lavorare] quite a lot2) (con un aggettivo) quiteparecchio più grande — quite a bit o a good bit bigger
* * *parecchiov. la nota della voce alcuno.1 quite a lot of, a good deal of; - chi several, quite a few, a good many; - chie persone quite a few people; - chie volte a good many times; guadagna -chi soldi he earns quite a lot of o a good deal of money; sono -chi giorni che non si vede in giro he hasn't been seen for several daysquite a lot, a good deal; guadagnare parecchio to earn quite a lot o a good deal; c'è voluto parecchio it took quite long; ce n'è parecchio there's quite a lot III parecchipron.indef.pl.- chi di voi many of you; - chi di essi erano rotti many of them were broken; ce ne sono -chi there are quite a few o a good manyIV avverbio1 (con un verbo) [mangiare, preoccuparsi, lavorare] quite a lot; si intende parecchio di cinema she knows a lot about cinema -
26 مدة
مُدَّة \ duration: the time during which sth. lasts: He was put in prison for the duration of the war. period: a length of time: a short period: a period of three hours. spell: a period of time: a long spell of fine weather. term: a fixed period, esp. one (of several months) when a school is at work: a term of imprisonment. \ مُدَّة \ interval: a space (in time or distance) between two things: an interval of ten minutes between two parts of a play; a wire fence, with posts at three metre intervals. \ See Also مسافَة فاصِلة \ لِمُدَّةَ \ for: showing the length of time since sth. happened, or from the beginning to the present: I haven’t seen him for two years. We have lived here for six months. \ مُدَّة أَطْوَل \ long: (in comparisons; with no, any, etc.) for a longer time; more: It won’t last much longer. \ مُدَّة طويلة \ long: (with an adv., prep. or conj. of time) a long time: He left long ago. I arrived long before you (did), for a long time Were you waiting long? That’s a long-playing record, a long time I can’t wait for long. \ مُدَّة العُمْر \ lifetime: (usu. sg.) the period of sb.’s life: Good furniture should last a lifetime. \ مُدَّة قَصِيرة \ a little: a short time: Wait here a little. while: a period: I waited a long while. He arrived a short (or a little) while ago. -
27 pendant
I.pendant1, e [pɑ̃dɑ̃, ɑ̃t]adjectivea. ( = qui pend) [bras, jambes] dangling ; [langue] hanging outb. ( = en instance) [question] outstanding ; [affaire] pendingII.pendant2 [pɑ̃dɑ̃]masculine nounb. ( = contrepartie) le pendant de [+ œuvre d'art, meuble] the matching piece to ; [+ personne, institution] the counterpart ofIII.pendant3 [pɑ̃dɑ̃]• qu'est-ce qu'il faisait pendant ce temps-là ? what was he doing in the meantime?• pendant quelques mois, il n'a pas pu travailler for several months he was unable to work• arrosez le jardin et, pendant que vous y êtes, arrachez les mauvaises herbes water the garden and do some weeding while you're at it• finissez le plat pendant que vous y êtes ! (ironic) why don't you eat it all while you're at it! (ironique)* * *
I
1. pɑ̃dɑ̃préposition for
2.
pendant que locution conjonctive while
II
1.
pendante pɑ̃dɑ̃, ɑ̃t adjectif1) ( qui pend)2) ( en instance) [cas, procès] pending; [question] outstanding
2.
nom masculin1) ( bijou)2) ( équivalent)* * *pɑ̃dɑ̃, ɑ̃t pendant, -e1. prépÇa s'est passé pendant l'été. — It happened during the summer.
Christian a téléphoné pendant que Chantal prenait son bain. — Christian phoned while Chantal was having a bath.
2. adj1) (qui pend) (langue) lolling, hanging out2) ADMINISTRATION, DROIT pending3. nm[personne, institution] counterpart, [objet] matching piece, [rôle] equivalentfaire pendant à [pièce] — to match, [personne, institution] to be the counterpart of, [rôle] to correspond to
* * *I.A prép1 ( pour exprimer une durée) for; je t'ai attendu pendant des heures I waited for you for hours; pendant les trois premières années for the first three years; pendant un instant for a moment; pendant longtemps for a long time; pendant toute la durée des vacances for the entire ou throughout the vacation; pendant tout le trajet for the whole journey, throughout the journey; il a été malade pendant tout le trajet he was sick throughout the journey; l'hôtel est seulement ouvert pendant l'été the hotel is only open in summer ou during the summer; pendant combien de temps avez-vous vécu à Versailles? how long did you live in Versailles?;2 ( au cours de) during; ils viendront nous voir pendant l'été they are coming to see us during ou in the summer; le temps s'est refroidi pendant la nuit it got colder during the night ou overnight; avant la guerre et pendant before and during the war; pendant tout le temps où mon père était malade j'allais le voir tous les jours all the time my father was ill I visited him every day, I visited my father every day during his illness; pendant ce temps(-là) meanwhile; pendant ce temps, à quelques kilomètres de là meanwhile, a few kilometresGB away; prendre le médicament pendant toute la durée du séjour take the medicine throughout the whole stay.B pendant que loc conj while; pendant qu'il dort je peux travailler while he's asleep I can work; voyage pendant qu'il est temps travel while you have the chance; pendant que j'y pense, ton père a téléphoné il y a une heure while I think of it, your father called an hour ago; pendant que tu y es/nous y sommes while you're at it/we're at it.II.A adj1 ( qui pend) être assis les jambes pendantes to be sitting with one's legs dangling; assis sur une chaise les jambes pendantes sitting on a chair with one's legs dangling down; l'oreille pendante with one ear drooping; le chien avait la langue pendante the dog's tongue lolled ou was hanging out;B nm1 ( objet) pendant (d'oreille) drop earring;2 ( équivalent) le pendant de the counterpart of [personne, institution]; le pendant d'un vase the matching vase; être le pendant de, faire pendant à to match [objet]; to be the counterpart of [personne, institution]; se faire pendant [objets] to match; [personnes, institutions] to be counterparts; son discours fait pendant à la déclaration de Paul his/her speech parallels Paul's declaration.I( féminin pendante) [pɑ̃dɑ̃, ɑ̃t] adjectif1. [tombant] hanginga. [de chaleur, de fatigue] pantingb. [de convoitise] droolingchien aux oreilles pendantes dog with drooping ou droopy earspendant nom masculin1. [bijou] pendant2. [symétrique - d'une chose]se faire pendant to match, to be a matching pairII[pɑ̃dɑ̃] préposition[au cours de] during[insistant sur la durée] forquelqu'un a appelé pendant l'heure du déjeuner somebody called while you were at lunch ou during your lunch breakpendant ce temps-là in the meantime, meanwhileje suis là pendant tout l'été I'm here during the ou for the whole (of the) summer————————pendant que locution conjonctive1. [tandis que] while2. [tant que] whilependant que tu y es, pourras-tu passer à la banque? while you're there ou at it, could you stop off at the bank?pendant que j'y pense, voici l'argent que je te dois while I think of it, here's the money I owe youallons-y pendant que nous y sommes let's go, since we're here -
28 LANGR
a.1) long, of space and time (langt sverð, löng stund);2) neut., langt, long, far, distant; þeir áttu eigi langt til eyjarinnar, they had no long distance to the island;3) e-m er langt at e-m, one is interested in a person; hvat er yðr langt at þessum mönnum, what interest do you take in these men?;4) long, wearisome (þér mun langt þykkja hér á heiðinni).* * *löng, langt, adj., compar. lengri, superl. lengstr, [common to all Teut. languages]:—long, of space and time; löng sverð, Fas. i. 379; af löngu skeggi, Skálda 181; lengri hina eptri fætr, Stj.; þóat sú sé lengri, N. G. L. i. 44; þeir lifa opt langan aldr er með orðum eru vegnir, a saying = Engl. words break no bones, Nj. 252; hann fékk eigi mælt tveim orðum lengra samfast, Hkr. ii. 138; Föstudagr inn langi, Long Friday, Good Friday, passim; langt líf, Hom. 12; mjök langa hríð, Nj. 94; þá er dagr er sem lengstr, þá er nótt er sem lengst, Landn. (pref.); vili þér þiggja lengra líf, Fms. vi. 166; sigr þinn mun eigi langr vera, xi. 23; höfum vér eigi heyrt þessa sögu lengri, we have not heard this story any farther, i. e. here ends the tale, Njarð. (fine); þat er löng saga at segja, ‘tis a long story to tell, Fms. xi. 99; seint er um langan veg at spyrja tíðenda, a saying, Edda 31; endi-langr, liggja endi-langr, to lie at full length; hón lagðisk sem hón var löng hjá honum, Karl. 47: long in prosody, Skálda 175, 179.II. neut. long, far, distant; langt á milli fjalls ok fjöru, Landn. 57; ok áttu eigi langt til eyjarinnar, Fms. i. 41; langt í brott, a long way off, far away, Stj. 195; langt mun yðr flestum til at ér veiðit svá, Ó. H. 78; fljótið var svá mikit, at langt var um úreitt, that it was impassable far beyond that, Nj. 63; hann seildisk upp svá hátt sem hann mátti lengst, Edda 33; svá langt vestr, at engi hefir síðan lengra eignask, Landn. 41; lið kom vel til hans ór héruðum, en fátt kom um lengra, Fms. iv. 385; þvíat þeir ætluðu ekki lengra í kveld en til Höfðabrekku, Nj. 252; ok þurfti þar eigi lengra at grafa til vatns en í djúpum dölum, Edda (pref.); langt mun í milli vera lítilmennsku minnar ok þess hins mikla áhuga er þér býr í brjósti, Fms. iv. 80: in the saying, leita langt um skammt, cp. Lat. quod petis hic est, Nj. 207.III. adverbial phrases; of langt, far off, þá sá hann of langt krossinn, 656 B. 5; langt frá, far from it! langt-um, by far; langtum betra, better by far.2. löngu or laungu, long since; sá ek þetta löngu á hans yfirbragði, Fms. i. 141; svá sem ek sagða yðr löngu, 139; sem mér sagði löngu hugr um, Nj. 191; mjök löngu, very long ago, Sks. 117; seg oss ný tíðendi, löngu fundumsk vit næst, we have not seen one another for an age, Bjarn. 15: fyrir löngu, long ago; þat vissa ek fyrir löngu at ek var vel kvæntr, Gísl. 69; hann hafði tekinn verit ór jörðu fyrir löngu áðr, Fms. i. 51: löngum, long, mostly, continuously; Eirekr var löngum með föður sínum, 6; hón var löngum um nætr á kirkju at bænum sínum, Ld. 328; en þó löngum ( mostly) vel stiltr, Nj. 38; þeir vóru samflota, svá at hvárir vissu löngum til annarra, Eg. 126: compar. lengrum, longer; lengrum en lög stóðu til, Fms. xi. 99; þeir skolu skipta vikum eða smærum, ok eigu þeir at ráða er lengrum vilja skipta, Grág. ii. 350: superl. lengstum, mostly, most of the time; höfuðborg sú er Geira sat í lengstum, Fms. i. 101; hann var þó lengstum at Grjótá, Nj. 135; gamanmál er þit munut lengstum um tala, Ld. 306.IV. metaph. longing, taking interest in; hvat er yðr langt at þessum mönnum, hvárt mægð eðr frændsemi, what interest take you in these men? Fms. ii. 211; hann lét eigi ráða, hvárt menn vóru tignir eða útignir, eðr honum mikit at langt eða lítið, Rb. 364.2. neut. long, weary; langt þykki mér, ligg ek einn saman, Eg. (in a verse); þat vil ek, at þú komir til heimkynna minna, þvíat þér mun langt þykkja hér á heiðinni, Grett. 130 new Ed.V. in many local names, Lang-ey, Langa-nes, Langa-hlíð, Langa-land (the Danish island), etc., Landn.; see below.B. COMPDS: langabein, langabúr, langidjákn, Langafasta, Langifrjádagr, Langaspjót, langatöng.II. lang-afi, a, m. a great grandfather. lang-amma, u, f. a great grandmother; langömmu-bróðir, -systir, a great granduncle, aunt. lang-áss, m. a purlin, opp. to þvertré, Fms. ix. 512. lang-bakki, a, m. (see bakki 2); in the phrase, skjóta í langbakka, to stave off for a long time, Fms. x. 132. lang-band, n. the purlin along the roof in a house. lang-barðr, m. a halberd, Hkm. 7; Edda (Gl.) reckons it amongst swords: name of a serpent, Edda (Gl.) Lang-barðar, m. pl. the Lombards, either from their beard (barð) or battle axe (barða), Skv. 3, Greg. 63. Langbarða-land, n. Lombardy, Mart. lang-bein, n. = langabein, a nickname, Ann. lang-bekkr, m. a long bench, bench lengthways, opp. to þverbekkr, Fms. vi. 193, Sturl. i. 142, iii. 182. Lang-brók, f. ‘Long-breek,’ nickname of a lady on account of her tall stature, Nj. lang-eldar, m. pl. long fires (see eldr II), Eb. 276, Nj. 15, Korm. 144. lang-ermar, f. pl. long sleeves, Fms. vii. 321. lang-feðgar, m. pl. agnate-forefathers, ancestors by the father’s side, counted upwards, Hkr. i. 1, Eg. 2, Nj. 158. langfeðga-kyn, n. the lineage of langfeðgar, Hkr. i. 14. langfeðga-nöfn, n. pl. the name of one’s langfeðgar, Edda 153 (pref.) langfeðga-tal, n. a tale or roll of langfeðgar, agnate pedigree, Eg. 536: the name of an old historical work containing ancient pedigrees of kings, Hkr. i. (pref.) langfeðga-tala, u, f. = langfeðgatal, Nj. 25. langfeðga-ætt, f. = langfeðgakyn, Fms. x. 158. lang-feðgin, n. pl. ancestors, agnate and cognate. lang-feðr, m. pl. = langfeðgar, and langfeðra-tal, n. = langfeðgatal, Gþl. 284, Stj. 331, Fagrsk. 151, Hom. 46. lang-feðri, n. = langfeðgar, Landn. 167. lang-ferð, f. a long journey, Sturl. ii. 185, Fs. 51, Bs. ii. 162. langferða-maðr, m. one who ‘fares’ far, a far traveller, Fs. lang-frami, a, m. lasting fame, Orkn. 466, Fb. ii. 513, Mar.; á langframann, mod. til langframa, adverb. for good, Rétt, 4. 25. lang-fættr, adj. long-legged, Stj. 276. lang-för, f. = langferð, Eb. 298. lang-gæði, n. long-lasting, corrupt from langæð. lang-gæðr and langæðligr, adj. a later and inferior form for langær, langæligr, Bs. i. 62, Fas. iii. 57. lang-háls, m. long-neck, a nickname, Landn. lang-hálsaðr, adj. long-necked, Njarð. 364. lang-hendr, adj. with long hands, Ld. 298. Lang-hlíðingar, m. pl. the men from Langahlíð, Sturl. lang-húfr, m. long-hulk, name of a ship, Bs. lang-húsa, að, to run, in a pun (langhús = rann), Krók. 63, 64. lang-hyggja, u, f. long-suffering, Barl. 42. lang-höfðaðr, adj. long-beaked, of a ship, Hkv. 1. 24. lang-höfði, a, m. a nickname, Sturl. lang-knakkr, m. a kind of bench, Finnb. 310. lang-lega, u, f. a long stay, of a weatherbound ship, Fms. ix. 296; as also of long sickness in bed. lang-leggr, m. the long leg, bone of a leg of mutton, Bárð. 176, Háv. 40. langleggjar-stykki, n. a leg of mutton, Háv. 40. lang-leiði, n. lengthwise; langleiði sín á milli, at a long distance, Stj. 73, Eg. 579. lang-leikr, m. length, Stj. 346. lang-leitr, adj. long-faced, Fms. i. 155, ii. 20, vii. 175, 321, Þiðr. 174, Bs. i. 72. lang-liðit, n. part. after a long time, Bs. ii. 133. lang-liga, adv. for a long time past, = mod. langalengi, Js. 24, Sturl. iii. 297, Fas. ii. 268. lang-lífi, n. long life, Fms. vii. 73, K. Þ. K. 60. lang-lífr, adj. long-lived, Fs., Fms. iii. 173. lang-loka, u, f. ‘long-lock,’ a kind of eight-lined verse in which the first and the last line make a sentence, whilst the six between them are intercalary, of which Edda (Ht.) 14 furnishes a specimen: in mod. usage langloka is a poem not divided into strophes, for specimens of which see Snót 72, 215. lang-lund, f. long-suffering, langlundar-geð, n. id. lang-minni, n. a long memory. lang-minnigr, adj. having a long memory, Nj. 30, v. l.: long to be remembered, Pr. 158. lang-mælgi, f. long-winded talk, Fms. v. 225. lang-mæli, n. long talk, Hom. 125, Bs. ii. 117. lang-mæltr, part. long-spoken, long-winded, Sks. 316, Hom. (St.) lang-nefjaðr, adj. long-nosed, Sturl. ii. 133, iii. 105. lang-nefjur, f. pl. rowlocks, Edda (Gl.) lang-nefr, m. long-nose, a nickname, Sturl. lang-niðjar, m. pl. a descending lineage by the father’s side, pedigree of agnates, counted downwards, Vsp. 16; opp. to landfeðgar when counted upwards in time. lang-nætti, n. the long night, Fr. lang-orf, n. a long handle of a scythe, Korm. 38, Sturl. i. 180, Sks. 358. lang-pallr, m. a dais along (not across) the hall, Fms. vi. 439. lang-reið, f. a long ride, Vígl. 61. lang-ræða, u, f. a long talk, Fms. ix. 252. lang-ræðr, part. long-spoken, long-winded, Sks. 316. lang-ræki, n. rancour, an unforgiving temper, N. G. L. ii. 417, Hom. 33, 143. lang-rækr, adj. having a long memory, brooding long over past wrongs, Anal. 171, Eb. 42, Bret. 92, Þiðr. 181, Fas. iii. 520. lang-samlega, adv. incessantly. lang-seta, u, f. a long stay, Vm. 113. lang-setis, adv. lengthways, lang-skepta, u, f. a long-shafted spear, Karl. 405. lang-skeptr, part. long-shafted, Sks. 388, Fs. 64. lang-skip, n. a long ship, a kind of large ancient ship of war, distinguished from the lesser skeið, both being distinguished from the merchant’s knörr (cp. Gr. ναυς μακρα, Lat. longa navis), Hkv. 2. 11, Ó. H., Fms. passim, Eg. 37, 42; langskips mastr, rá, segl, a mast, yard, sail of a long ship, Sturl. i. 194, Eg. 198, 515, Fms. vii. 30, passim. langskipa-görð, f. building of a langskip, Gþl. 121. langskips-búza, u, f. = langskip, Hkr. ii. 143. langskips-menn, m. pl. the crew of a long ship, Fms. ii. 16, Fs. 92. lang-skör, f. the lower hem of a tent, Fas. i. 372. lang-staðinn, part. of old date, long-standing, Lv. 77. lang-stóll, m. a long seat, Vm. 7, Fas. i. 84. lang-stræti, n. a long street, Fms. viii. 319. lang-sýnn, adj. far-sighted, Fas. i. 157. lang-sæi, f. a far sight, Edda i. 544. lang-sær, adj. long-sighted, prophetic, Lv. 81. lang-talaðr, part. long-spoken, Fms. i. 288. lang-úðigr, adj. = langrækinn, Hkr. iii. 252. lang-vari, a, m.; til langvara, to last long, Njarð. 376. lang-vaxinn, part. longish, Fms. ii. 59. lang-vé, mod. lang-vía, u, f. a bird, columbus troile, Edda (Gl.) lang-viðir, m. pl. the long timbers in a house or ship, N. G. L. i. 65, 100, Hom. 95. lang-viðri, n. pl. long-continued weather, heat, cold, or the like; langviðrum skal eyða grund, Mkv. 24; cp. Ísland eyðist af langviðrum ok lagaleysi, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 438. lang-vinnr, adj. long-lasting, of sickness, bad weather, or the like. lang-vinr, m. a friend of long standing, Hm. 157, Fas. ii. 64, Bárð. 173; langvinirnir rjúfask sízt, a saying, Grett. 184 new Ed. lang-vist, f. a long abode, Hom. 9, Fr.: adv. langvistum, staying long, Fbr. 33, Fms. vii. 112, Eg. 227, Fs. 149. lang-vængr, m. long wing (?), Vm. 27. lang-þili, n. the wainscot lengthwise, opp. to þverþili, Gþl. 346. lang-æð, f. long-lasting; til langæðar eða fullnaðar, Bs. i. 740, Ant. 112. lang-æliga, adv. for a long time, Sturl. ii. 186, MS. 625. 77. lang-æligr, adj. long-lasting, Stj. 47, Fas. i. 171, Bs. i. 311. lang-ær, adj. [langr and æ = ever, or akin to Germ. ew, ewig], long-lasting; langætt musteri, MS. 677. 6: vegsama föður þinn ok móður, svá at þú sért langær yfir jörðinni, Stj. 301 (Fifth Commandment); hverr eldrinn mun vera heitari ok langærri, Fms. vii. 37; má vera at sigrinn verði ekki langær, ii. 10; at langær friðr standi í þessu landi, Bs. i. 572. -
29 dawn|o
Ⅰ adv. grad. (w przeszłości) [istnieć, zdarzyć się] a long time ago, long ago- to nie było tak dawno (temu) it wasn’t so long ago- dawno, dawno temu (w bajkach) once upon a timeⅡ adv. (długo) for a long time- dawno cię nie widziałem I haven’t seen you for a long time- jak dawno tu mieszkasz? how long have you been living here?Ⅲ dawniej adv. comp. (kiedyś) before, formerly- wszystko jest jak dawniej everything’s (just) like it used to be- dawniej był nauczycielem/krawcem he was a teacher/tailor before- dawniej spotykaliśmy się dość często we used to meet quite often (before)- Wołgograd (dawniej Stalingrad) Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad)Ⅳ od dawna adv. for a long time- znana od bardzo dawna reguła an old-established rule- od a. z dawien dawna książk. from time immemorial a. out of mind- mieszkają tu od dawien dawna they’ve lived here for ages (and ages)The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > dawn|o
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30 od
, ode praep. 1. (z miejsca, z kierunku) from- od zachodu/południa from the west/south- wiatr od morza the wind from the sea- wieje od drzwi there’s a draught from the door- od jeziora dochodził rechot żab the croaking of frogs could be heard from the lake- od schroniska idziemy żółtym szlakiem from the hostel we take the yellow trail- właśnie wracałam od dentysty I was just on my way back from the dentist- goście wstali od stołu the guests got up from the table- odległość od drzwi do okna the distance from the door to the window a. between the door and the window- chodzić od wsi do wsi/od sklepu do sklepu to go from village to village/from shop to shop2. (określające położenie) from- sto metrów od ratusza a hundred metres from the town hall- od wewnątrz/zewnątrz from the inside/outside- druga półka od dołu/góry the second shelf from the bottom/top, the second shelf up/down- piąty wagon od końca the fifth carriage from the end- okna od ulicy/podwórza the front/back windows- na południe od Krakowa (to the) south of Cracow3. (wskazujące na oddzielenie) from- oddzielić coś od czegoś to separate sth from sth- nie mógł oderwać się od książki he couldn’t tear himself away from the book- odejmij pięć od trzynastu subtract five from thirteen- oddziel mięso od kości bone the meat- zwolnienia od podatku tax exemptions- stronić od kogoś/czegoś to avoid a. shun sb/sth4. (określające pochodzenie) from- list od brata a letter from one’s brother- azjatyckie bydło pochodzące od tura Asian cattled descended from the aurochs- pożyczyć/kupić coś od kogoś to borrow/buy sth from sb- dostała ode mnie książkę she got a book from me- zaraził się odrą ode mnie he caught the measles from me5. (określające moment początkowy) from; (w przeszłości) since- od tej chwili from that moment on- od jutra from tomorrow, as of a. from tomorrow- od poniedziałku/marca since (last) Monday/March- od dzieciństwa a. od dziecka cierpiała na alergię she’d suffered from an allergy since childhood a. since she was a child- od jak dawna tu mieszkasz? how long have you lived a. been living here?6. (określające czas trwania) for- od roku/trzech tygodni for a year/three weeks- od dawna for a long time- od jakiegoś czasu for some time7. (określające dolną granicę) from- od drugiej do piątej po południu from two p.m. till five p.m., between two p.m. and five p.m.- od poniedziałku do środy from Monday to Wednesday- zaprosimy od 50 do 60 osób we’ll invite (from) 50 to 60 people- ceny wahają się od stu do pięciuset złotych prices range from a hundred to five hundred zlotys- od 1000 złotych w górę from 1,000 zlotys up a. upwards- można tu kupić wszystko: od śrubek po komputery you can buy everything here – from screws to computers8. (określające przyczynę) from, with- trawa mokra od rosy grass wet with a. from dew- oczy czerwone od płaczu eyes red from crying a. tears- jego twarz rozpalona od gorączki his face flushed with fever- ochrypł od krzyku he grew hoarse from a. with shouting- bolał ją kręgosłup od dźwigania walizek her back ached from carrying the suitcases- rury popękały od mrozu the pipes had burst from the cold- dom zapalił się od pioruna the house was set on fire by lightning9 (przeciwko) from- chronić coś od słońca/chłodu to protect sth from sunlight/cold- oganiać się od komarów to fight off gnats- być ubezpieczonym od pożaru/kradzieży to be insured against fire/theft- uchylać się od czegoś to shirk sth10 (określające przeznaczenie) dziurka od klucza a keyhole- guziki od marynarki jacket buttons- kluczyki od samochodu car keys- okulary od słońca sunglasses- pasek od zegarka a watch strap- tabletki od bólu głowy headache pills a. tablets- syrop od kaszlu cough mixture a. syrup- od czego jest ta śrubka? where does this screw come from?11 (określające specjalizację) pan od matematyki/angielskiego the maths/English teacher- ekspert od informatyki an expert in computer science- policja jest od tego, żeby zaprowadzić w mieście porządek it’s the job of the police to restore order in the city- nie jestem od tego, żeby was pouczać it’s not up to me to lecture you12 (niż) than- to mieszkanie jest mniejsze od waszego this flat is smaller than yours- ona jest starsza od brata o dwa lata she’s two years older than her brother- wyszedł wcześniej ode mnie he left earlier than I did13 (podstawa obliczenia) by, per- płatny od wiersza/godziny paid by the line/hour- 50 złotych od metra 50 zlotys a metre14 pot. wyzywać kogoś a. wymyślać komuś od idiotów/kanalii to call sb an idiot/a scumbag pot.* * *prep(+gen) ( kierunek) fromna zachód od Polski — west of Poland, ( czas trwania) for
od poniedziałku do piątku — Monday to Friday (BRIT), Monday through Friday (US)
od rana do nocy — from morning till night, ( odległość) (away) from
100 metrów od brzegu — a hundred meters off lub away from the shore, ( dolna granica zakresu) from
od trzech do czterech godzin dziennie — (from) three to four hours a day, ( początkowa granica skali) (starting) from
od wierszy (aż) po powieści — from poems to novels, ( przyczyna) with, from
twarz mokra od łez/potu — face damp with tears/sweat
ochrypł od krzyku — his voice grew hoarse from shouting, ( pochodzenie) from
ubezpieczenie od ognia/kradzieży — insurance against theft/fire ( specjalizacja)
fachowiec od lodówek — fridge technician, ( przy porównaniach) than
* * *odprep.+ Gen.1. ( przy określaniu kierunku) from; od drzwi from the door; od wschodu from the east; okno od ulicy front window.3. ( przy określaniu punktu początkowego) from, since; od świtu do nocy from dawn till dusk; od a do zet from A to Z; od rana do wieczora all day long; od stóp do głów from head l. crown l. top to toe l. foot; od początku do końca from the start till the end; od dziecka since childhood; od wtorku since Tuesday; od poniedziałku do piątku Monday through Friday.5. ( przy określaniu punktu wyjściowego) (away) from; 500 kilometrów od Nowego Jorku 500 kilometers away from New York.6. ( przy określaniu dolnej granicy) from; od czterech do pięciu minut from four to five minutes; od 100 do 150 dolarów from 100 to 150 dollars.8. ( przy określaniu pochodzenia) from; list od mojej dziewczyny letter from my girlfriend; wiedzieć coś od kogoś know sth from sb.9. ( przy określaniu przeznaczenia) for; dziurka od klucza keyhole; tabletka od bólu głowy headache pill, painkiller.10. ( przy określaniu specjalizacji) nauczyciel od angielskiego English teacher, teacher of English; fachowiec od komputerów computer technician.12. ( przy wyrażaniu odejścia od czegoś) from, to; zwolnienie od opłat exemption from charges; odstępstwo od reguły exception to the rule.13. ( przy wyrażaniu czynnika) by; stawka od godziny hourly rate; cena od sztuki item l. unit price; praca płatna od godziny work paid by the hour; czegoś jest od metra pot. there's loads l. plenty of sth, there's shitloads of sth.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > od
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31 deber
m.duty.los derechos y los deberes de los ciudadanos citizens' rights and dutiesElla tiene el deber de cuidarla She has the obligation to take care of herv.1 to owe.deber algo a alguien to owe somebody something, to owe something to somebody¿qué o cuánto le debo? how much is it?Esa pobre mujer debe desde hace mucho That poor woman owes since long beforeEsa mujer debe mil dólares That woman owes one thousand dollars.2 to have to, to be bound to, to have got to, to must.Ella debe cuidar de María She has to take care of Mary.3 to be supposed to.* * *1 (estar obligado a algo) to owe2 (dinero, cosa) to owe► auxiliar1 (obligación presente) must, have to, have got to2 (obligación pasada) should, ought to3 (obligación futura) must, have to, have got to4 (obligación moral) should, ought to1 (ser consecuencia) to be due (a, to)2 (tener una obligación) to have a duty (a, to)1 (obligación) duty, obligation1 (escolares) homework sing\cumplir con su deber to do one's dutyhacer los deberes to do one's homework* * *1. noun m. 2. verb1) must2) ought to, should3) to owe* * *1.VT [+ dinero, explicación, respeto] to owe¿qué le debo? — [en bares, tiendas] how much (is it)?, how much do I owe you?
todo lo que he conseguido se lo debo a mi padre — I have my father to thank for everything I have achieved, I owe everything I have achieved to my father
2. VI1) + infin[obligación]como debe ser — as it ought to o should be
debería cambiarse cada mes — it ought to o should be changed every month
habrías debido traerlo — you ought to have o should have brought it
debíamos haber salido ayer — we were to have o should have left yesterday
2) + infin[suposición]debe (de) ser así — it must be like that, that's how it must be
no debía (de) andar lejos de los 200.000 libros — it can't have been far off 200,000 books
3.See:* * *I 1.verbo transitivoa) < dinero> to owe¿cuánto se debe? — how much do I/we owe you?
b) <favor/visita/explicación> to owe2.deber v aux1) ( expresando obligación)deber + inf: debes decírselo you have to o you must tell her; deberías or debías habérselo dicho you ought to have o you should have told her; la trató respetuosamente, como debe ser he treated her with respect, as he should; no debes usarlo you are not to o you must not use it; no se debe mentir you mustn't tell lies; no deberías haberlo dejado solo — you shouldn't have left him alone
2) (expresando suposición, probabilidad)a)deber (de) + inf: deben (de) ser más de las cinco it must be after five o'clock; deben (de) haber salido they must have gone out; debe (de) estar ganando mucho — she/he must be earning a lot
b) ( en frases negativas)3.deberse v pron1) ( tener su causa en)deberse a algo: se debió a un fallo humano it was caused by o was due to human error; todo se debe a que no estudia it's all due o down to the fact that she doesn't study; ¿a qué se debe este escándalo? — what's all this racket about?
IIel artista se debe a su público — an artist has a duty to his/her public
1) ( obligación) dutycumplió con su deber — he carried out o did his duty
2) deberes masculino plural ( tarea escolar) homework, assignment (AmE)¿has hecho los deberes? — have you done your homework?
* * *I 1.verbo transitivoa) < dinero> to owe¿cuánto se debe? — how much do I/we owe you?
b) <favor/visita/explicación> to owe2.deber v aux1) ( expresando obligación)deber + inf: debes decírselo you have to o you must tell her; deberías or debías habérselo dicho you ought to have o you should have told her; la trató respetuosamente, como debe ser he treated her with respect, as he should; no debes usarlo you are not to o you must not use it; no se debe mentir you mustn't tell lies; no deberías haberlo dejado solo — you shouldn't have left him alone
2) (expresando suposición, probabilidad)a)deber (de) + inf: deben (de) ser más de las cinco it must be after five o'clock; deben (de) haber salido they must have gone out; debe (de) estar ganando mucho — she/he must be earning a lot
b) ( en frases negativas)3.deberse v pron1) ( tener su causa en)deberse a algo: se debió a un fallo humano it was caused by o was due to human error; todo se debe a que no estudia it's all due o down to the fact that she doesn't study; ¿a qué se debe este escándalo? — what's all this racket about?
IIel artista se debe a su público — an artist has a duty to his/her public
1) ( obligación) dutycumplió con su deber — he carried out o did his duty
2) deberes masculino plural ( tarea escolar) homework, assignment (AmE)¿has hecho los deberes? — have you done your homework?
* * *deber11 = duty [duties, -pl.], obligation.Ex: Organisations often expect an information officer or librarian to prepare such abstracts as are necessary, in addition to performing various other information duties.
Ex: At the same time, the Library acknowledges its obligation to cooperate with major abstracting and indexing services to build a comprehensive national bibliographic data base.* consciente de los deberes de Uno = dutiful.* cumplir (con) un deber = discharge + duty.* deber ciudadano = civic duty.* deber cumplido = duty accomplished.* deberes = homework, school tasks, homework assignment, school work [schoolwork], class assignment, course assignment, student assignment.* deber familiar = familial duty.* deber moral = moral duty.* deber profesional = professional duty.* hacer el deber de Uno = do + Posesivo + part.* hacer los deberes = do + homework.* incumplimiento del deber = neglect of duty, breach of duty.* más allá del deber = beyond the call of duty.* negligencia en el cumplimiento del deber = dereliction of duty.* no hacer los deberes = be asleep at the wheel.* sentido del deber = sense of duty.* tener el deber de = have + a responsibility to.* tener un deber que cumplir con = have + a responsibility to.deber22 = must, ought to, owe.Ex: Even the same collection some years on will have altered, and the device, in order to remain effective, must evolve in keeping with the development of the collection.
Ex: Early in its discussions the Working Group concluded that the implementation of an international authority system ought to follow a phased approach.Ex: DOBIS/LIBIS can then tell which borrowers owe the library money.* debe por lo tanto deducirse que = it must therefore follow that.* debe por lo tanto esperarse que = it must therefore follow that.* debe por lo tanto ser lógico que = it must therefore follow that.* debe por lo tanto ser una consecuencia lógica que = it must therefore follow that.* deber haber ocurrido antes = be long overdue.* debería existir = there + ought to be.* debería haber = there + ought to be.* debería(n) = should.* deber pagarse = be payable.* deber pensarse = thought + must be given.* deber prestar atención = warrant + consideration.* deberse = be due.* deberse a = be due to, be caused by, be attributable to, boil down to.* deber una multa = owe + fine.* deber + Verbo = be + to be + Verbo.* debe ser + Participio = be to be + Participio.* estar haciendo algo que no se debe = be up to no good, get up to + no good.* mérito + deberse a = credit + be due to, credit + go to, be to the credit of.* multa que se debe = unpaid fine.* no actuar como se debe = be remiss.* no cumplir con + Posesivo + deber = be remiss.* no deber nada = pay + Posesivo + dues.* no debes juzgar un libro por el color de sus pastas = don't judge a book by its cover, don't judge a book by its cover.* * *vt1 ‹dinero› to owele deben 15.000 pesos/dos meses de sueldo they owe her 15,000 pesos/two months' salaryquieren que les paguen lo que se les debe they want to be paid what they are due o what is owing to themno le debo nada a nadie I don't owe anything to anyone¿cuánto or ( fam) qué se debe? how much o what do I/we owe you?te debo las entradas de ayer I owe you for the tickets from yesterday2 ‹favor/visita/explicación› to owele debo la vida I owe her my lifetodavía le debo el regalo de cumpleaños I still owe him o haven't given him a birthday presentme debe carta ella a mí she owes me a letter, it's her turn to write to meles debes respeto y obediencia you owe them respect and obedienceEspaña le debe mucho al Islam Spain owes a great debt to Islamesta victoria se la debo a mi entrenador I have my coach to thank for this victory¿a qué debo este honor? to what do I owe this honor?■A (expresando obligación) deber + INF:debes decírselo you have to o you must tell herdeberías or debías habérselo dicho you ought to have o you should have told herdeberás decírselo you will have to tell herdebería or debiera darte vergüenza you ought to be o you should be ashamed of yourselfla trató cortés y respetuosamente, como debe ser he treated her with courtesy and respect, as he shouldno debes usarlo sin antes pedir permiso you are not to o you must not use it without asking firstno se debe mentir you mustn't tell liesno deberías or debías haberlo dejado solo or no debiste dejarlo solo you shouldn't have left him aloneB (expresando suposición, probabilidad)1 deber ( DE) + INF:ya deben (de) ser más de las cinco it must be after five o'clock¡debes (de) estar muriéndote de hambre! you must be starving!deben (de) haber salido they must have gone outnos hemos debido (de) cruzar we must have passed each otherdebe (de) estar ganando mucho más que eso she must be earning a lot more than thatle debe (de) doler mucho it must be very painfulésos debieron (de) ser or deben (de) haber sido momentos muy duros that must have been a very difficult timehas debido (de) perderlo or debes (de) haberlo perdido you must have lost it2(en frases negativas): no deben (de) saber del accidente, si no habrían vuelto they can't know about the accident or they would have come back¿por qué no ha llamado? — no debe (de) haber podido why hasn't he phoned? — he obviously hasn't been able tola conferencia fue en francés, no deben (de) haber entendido nada the lecture was in French, I bet they didn't understand a word o they can't have understood a wordno les debe haber interesado or no les debió interesar they can't have been interested o presumably, they weren't interested■ deberseA (tener su causa en) deberse A algo:el retraso se debe al mal tiempo the delay is due to the bad weatherel accidente se debió a un fallo humano the accident was caused by o was due to human error¿a qué se debe este escándalo? what's all this racket about?¿a qué se debe tan agradable sorpresa? to what do I owe such a pleasant surprise?B «persona» (tener obligaciones hacia) deberse A algn; to have a duty TO sbel artista se debe a su público an artist has a duty to his or her publicme debo antes que nada a mis pacientes my first responsibility o duty is to my patientsme debo a mis electores I have a duty to the people who voted for meA (obligación) dutycumplió con su deber he carried out o did his dutyfaltó a su deber he failed in his duty, he failed to do his dutyel deber del soldado para con su patria a soldier's duty to his countryvotar es un derecho y un deber del cuidadano voting is the right and duty of every citizentengo el triste deber de comunicarles el fallecimiento de … ( frml); it is my sad duty to inform you of the death of …es un deber de conciencia ayudarlos I feel morally bound to help them¿has hecho los deberes? have you done your homework?nos ponen or mandan muchos deberes they set us a lot of homework* * *
deber 1 ( conjugate deber) verbo transitivo ‹dinero/favor/explicación› to owe;
deber v aux
1 ( expresando obligación):
no debes usarlo you must not use it;
deberías or debías habérselo dicho you ought to have o you should have told her;
no se debe mentir you mustn't tell lies;
no deberías haberlo dejado solo you shouldn't have left him alone
2 (expresando suposición, probabilidad):
deben (de) haber salido they must have gone out;
debe (de) estar enamorado she/he must be in love;
no deben (de) saber la dirección they probably don't know the address;
no les debe (de) interesar they can't be interested
deberse verbo pronominal
1 ( tener su causa en) deberse a algo to be due to sth;
¿a qué se debe este escándalo? what's all this racket about?
2 [ persona] ( tener obligaciones hacia) deberse a algn to have a duty to sb
deber 2 sustantivo masculino
1 ( obligación) duty;◊ cumplió con su deber he carried out o did his duty
2
deber 1 sustantivo masculino
I duty: deberá cumplir con su deber, she must do her duty
II Educ deberes, homework sing
deber 2
I verbo transitivo
1 (tener una deuda) to owe: me debe una disculpa, he owes me an apology
le debe mucho a su entrenador, he owes a lot to his trainer
2 (+ infinitivo: estar obligado a) must, to have to: debe tomar el medicamento, he must take the medicine
debía hacerlo, I had to do it
ya debería estar aquí, he ought to be here‚ ¡debería darte vergüenza!, you should be ashamed of yourself! o shame on you! ➣ Ver nota en must 3 (para dar un consejo) should: deberías estar presente, you should be present
II verbo intransitivo ( deber + de + infinitivo: ser posible) (positivo) must: debe de haberlo oído en alguna parte, he must have heard it from somewhere
(negativo) can not: debe de estar dormido, he must be asleep
todavía no deben de haber llegado, they can't have arrived yet
' deber' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
carga
- hacer
- imponerse
- incumplir
- incumplimiento
- obligación
- alto
- ciudadano
- cometido
- cumplimiento
- cumplir
- inexcusable
- ir
- satisfacción
- sentido
English:
accomplishment
- avoid
- before
- carry out
- civic
- discharge
- do
- duck
- duty
- immune
- job
- meet
- must
- need
- neglect
- ought
- owe
- service
- should
- suppose
- want
- bound
- call
- well
* * *♦ nm[obligación] duty;mi deber es ayudar it is my duty to help;es mi deber intentar detenerle it is my duty to try to stop him;cumplir con el deber to do one's duty;faltarás a tu deber si no acudes a la reunión you will be failing in your duty if you don't come to the meeting;los derechos y los deberes de los ciudadanos citizens' rights and duties;mantener la ciudad limpia es deber de todos keeping the city tidy is everyone's responsibility;tiene un gran sentido del deber she has a great sense of duty;tengo el triste deber de comunicarles la aparición del cuerpo de su hijo it is my sad duty to inform you that your son's body has been found♦ deberes nmpl[trabajo escolar] homework;hacer los deberes to do one's homework;nos han mandado muchos deberes para el fin de semana they've set o given us a lot of homework for the weekend♦ vt1. [adeudar] to owe;deber algo a alguien to owe sb sth, to owe sth to sb;¿qué se debe? how much is it?, how much does it come to?;¿qué te debo del pan y la leche? what do I owe you for the bread and milk?;me deben medio millón de pesos they owe me half a million pesos;me debes una cena you owe me a meal out2. [moralmente] to owe;te debo la vida I owe you my life;este éxito se lo debo a mis compañeros I owe this success to my colleagues, I have my colleagues to thank for this success;creo que te debo una explicación I think I owe you an explanation;debemos mucho a nuestros padres we owe our parents a lot;no le debo nada a nadie I don't owe anybody anything;Formal¿a qué debemos el honor de su visita? to what do we owe the pleasure of your visit?;Famdeber una a alguien to owe sb one;te debo una, compañero I owe you one, mate♦ videberían abolir esa ley they ought to o should abolish that law;debes dominar tus impulsos you must o should control your impulses;debería darles vergüenza they ought to be ashamed;no deberías fumar tanto you shouldn't smoke so much;no debes decir mentiras you mustn't o shouldn't tell lies;no debiste insultarle you shouldn't have insulted her;Famuna película como debe ser a proper film, a film like films were meant to be2. [expresa posibilidad]el tren debe de llegar alrededor de las diez the train should arrive at about ten;deben de haber llegado ya a casa they must o should be home by now;deben de ser las diez it must be ten o'clock;no debe de ser muy mayor she can't be very old;no debe de hacer mucho frío it can't be very o that cold;debe de ser extranjero he must be a foreigner;debes de estar cayéndote de sueño you must be exhausted;debo haberlo dejado en casa I must have left it at home* * *I m1 duty2:deberes pl homework sgII v/t owe;deber a alguien 500 pesos owe s.o. 500 pesosIII v/i1 en presente must, have to;debo llegar a la hora I must be on time, I have to be on time;no debo llegar tarde I mustn’t be late2 en pretérito should have;debería haberme callado I should have kept quiet3 en futuro will have to;deberán terminar imediatamente they must finish o they will have to finish immediately4 en condicional should;¿qué debería hacer? what should I do?;no deberías hacer eso you shouldn’t do that;debería ser lo suficientemente largo that should be long enough:debe de hacer frío it must be cold;debe de tener quince años he must be about 15;debe de hacer poco que viven aquí they can’t have lived here for long;ya deben de haber llegado they must o should have arrived by now* * *deber vt: to owedeber v aux1) : must, have todebo ir a la oficina: I must go to the office2) : should, ought todeberías buscar trabajo: you ought to look for workdebe ser mexicano: he must be Mexican* * *deber2 vb1. (dinero, favor, etc) to owete debo 1.000 pesetas I owe you 1,000 pesetas2. (estar obligado en presente) must / to have to3. (estar obligado en condicional) should / ought to -
32 منذ
مُنْذُ \ ago: before the present time: 100 years ago; long ago; a short while ago. ever since: always since: I’ve lived here ever since I was born. for: showing the length of time since sth. happened, or from the beginning to the present: I haven’t seen him for two years. We have lived here for six months. since: after; during the period after: I haven’t seen him since Tuesday (I saw him on Tuesday, but not again), from the time when It is a week since he went away. \ مُنْذُ بضْعَة أَيَّام \ the other day: a few days ago: I met your son the other day. \ مُنْذُ ذلك الحين \ since: after; during the period after: I saw him on Tuesday, but I haven’t seen him since. I’ve been thinking about him ever since. \ مُنْذُ عَهْد قريب \ recently: not long ago: I met him recently (within the past few weeks) for the first time. \ مُنْذِر بالرُّعُود (للطّقس) \ thundery: (of weather) showing signs of thunder. -
33 Jahr
n; -(e)s, -e1. Zeitspanne: year; ein halbes Jahr six months; anderthalb Jahre a year and a half, eighteen months; im Jahr 2003 in (the year) 2003; bis zum 31. Dezember d. J. (= dieses Jahres) until December 31st of this year; Anfang der achtziger Jahre in the early eighties; das ganze Jahr all year; alle Jahre every year; auf Jahre hinaus for years to come; im Lauf der Jahre through ( oder over) the years; in diesem / im nächsten Jahr this / next year; mit den Jahren with (the) years; nach Jahren after (many) years; nach Jahr und Tag after a very long time, (many) years later; seit Jahr und Tag for a long time, for many years; heute vor einem Jahr a year ago today; von Jahr zu Jahr from year to year; weitS. as the years go by; Jahr für Jahr year after year2. Alter: mit oder im Alter von 20 Jahren at the age of twenty; in den besten Jahren sein be in the prime of life; in die Jahre kommen be getting on (a bit), be getting a bit long in the tooth hum., Am. be getting up there; seine Jahre spüren feel one’s age; ( noch) jung an Jahren sein be (still) young ( oder in one’s youth); mit den Jahren lernt man das over the years, as the years go by; seine Jahre voll haben be able to retire (having contributed to pension fund for the necessary number of years), have reached retirement (age); Buckel 2* * *das Jahryear* * *[jaːɐ]nt -(e)s, -e1) yearein halbes Jáhr — six months sing or pl
ein drei viertel Jáhr — nine months sing or pl
zwei Jáhre Garantie — a two-year guarantee
die sechziger Jáhre — the sixties sing or pl
alle Jáhre — every year
alle zehn Jáhre — every ten years
alle Jáhre wieder — year after year
ein Jáhr ums andere — year after year
auf Jáhre hinaus — for years ahead
auf Jáhr und Tag — to the very day
einmal im Jáhr(e) — once a year
das ganze Jáhr über — all year (round or through)
pro Jáhr — a year, per annum
das Buch des Jáhres — the book of the year
noch nach Jáhren — years later
nach Jáhr und Tag — after (many) years
vor Jáhr und Tag — (many) years ago
seit Jáhr und Tag — for years
zwischen den Jáhren (inf) — between Christmas and New Year
(freiwilliges) soziales/ökologisches Jáhr — year of voluntary work in the social services/environmental sector
2)mit dreißig Jáhren — at the age of thirty
Personen über 18 Jáhre/unter 18 Jáhren — people over/under (the age of) 18
man sieht ihm seine Jáhre nicht an — his age doesn't show
in den besten Jáhren sein or stehen — to be in the prime of one's life
mit den Jáhren — as one gets older
* * *das1) (the period of time the earth takes to go once round the sun, about 365 days: We lived here for five years, from November 1968 to November 1973; a two-year delay.) year2) (the period from January 1 to December 31, being 365 days, except in a leap year, when it is 366 days: in the year 1945.) year* * *<-[e]s, -e>[ˈja:ɐ̯]nt1. (Zeitraum von 12 Monaten) yeardie 20er-/30er-\Jahre etc. the twenties/thirties etc. + sing/pl vbanderthalb \Jahre a year and a halfein dreiviertel \Jahr nine monthsein halbes \Jahr six months, half a yeardas ganze \Jahr über throughout the whole yearein viertel \Jahr three monthsletztes [o im letzten] \Jahr last yearnächstes [o im nächsten] \Jahr next yeardas neue \Jahr the new yearalles Gute zu Weihnachten und viel Glück im neuen \Jahr! merry Christmas and a happy new year\Jahr für [o um] \Jahr year after yearnoch früh im \Jahr sein to be at the beginning of the yearim \Jahre... in [the year]...... im [o pro] \Jahr... a yearich gehe zweimal im \Jahr zum Arzt I go to the doctor's twice a yearin diesem/im nächsten \Jahr this/next yearin einem \Jahr/in... \Jahren in a year/in... yearsmit den \Jahren as the years go by, over the yearsmit... \Jahren at... [years of age]nach einem \Jahr after a yearnach \Jahren for yearsvor einem \Jahr a year agovor [...] \Jahren [...] years agoalle... \Jahre every... yearsalle hundert \Jahre ändert sich das Klima the climate changes every hundred yearsalle \Jahre wieder every yearder/die/das... des \Jahres the... of the yeardieser Bestseller wurde zum Buch des \Jahres gekürt this bestseller was chosen as book of the yearauf \Jahre hinaus for years to come2. (Lebensjahre)... [years old]sie ist 80 \Jahre jung she's 80 years young3.▶ in den besten \Jahren [sein] [to be] in one's prime▶ im \Jahre des Herrn anno domini, in the year of our Lord* * *das; Jahr[e]s, Jahre1) yearanderthalb Jahre — eighteen months; a year and a half
im Jahr[e] 1908 — in [the year] 1908
jedes zweite Jahr — [once] every two years
lange Jahre [hindurch] — for many years
Jahr für od. um Jahr — year after year
von Jahr zu Jahr — from one year to the next; from year to year
vor Jahr und Tag — (mit Präteritum) many years ago; (mit Plusquamperfekt) many years before
2) (LebensJahr) yearer ist zwanzig Jahre [alt] — he is twenty years old or of age
Kinder bis zu zwölf Jahren — children up to the age of twelve or up to twelve years of age
Kinder über 14 Jahre — children over the age of 14 or over 14 years of age
alle Männer zwischen 18 und 45 Jahren — all men between the ages of 18 and 45
mit 65 Jahren od. im Alter von 65 Jahren — at the age of 65
das hat er schon in jungen Jahren gelernt — he learned that at an early age or while he was still young
mit den Jahren — as he/she etc. grows/grew older
er ist um Jahre gealtert — he's put on years
* * *1. Zeitspanne: year;ein halbes Jahr six months;anderthalb Jahre a year and a half, eighteen months;im Jahr 2003 in (the year) 2003;bis zum 31. Dezember d. J. (=dieses Jahres) until December 31st of this year;Anfang der achtziger Jahre in the early eighties;das ganze Jahr all year;alle Jahre every year;auf Jahre hinaus for years to come;im Lauf der Jahre through ( oder over) the years;in diesem/im nächsten Jahr this/next year;mit den Jahren with (the) years;nach Jahren after (many) years;nach Jahr und Tag after a very long time, (many) years later;seit Jahr und Tag for a long time, for many years;heute vor einem Jahr a year ago today;von Jahr zu Jahr from year to year; weitS. as the years go by;Jahr für Jahr year after year2. Alter:im Alter von 20 Jahren at the age of twenty;in den besten Jahren sein be in the prime of life;in die Jahre kommen be getting on (a bit), be getting a bit long in the tooth hum, US be getting up there;seine Jahre spüren feel one’s age;mit den Jahren lernt man das over the years, as the years go by;seine Jahre vollhaben be able to retire (having contributed to pension fund for the necessary number of years), have reached retirement (age); → Buckel 2* * *das; Jahr[e]s, Jahre1) yearanderthalb Jahre — eighteen months; a year and a half
im Jahr[e] 1908 — in [the year] 1908
jedes zweite Jahr — [once] every two years
lange Jahre [hindurch] — for many years
Jahr für od. um Jahr — year after year
von Jahr zu Jahr — from one year to the next; from year to year
vor Jahr und Tag — (mit Präteritum) many years ago; (mit Plusquamperfekt) many years before
2) (LebensJahr) yearer ist zwanzig Jahre [alt] — he is twenty years old or of age
Kinder bis zu zwölf Jahren — children up to the age of twelve or up to twelve years of age
Kinder über 14 Jahre — children over the age of 14 or over 14 years of age
mit 65 Jahren od. im Alter von 65 Jahren — at the age of 65
das hat er schon in jungen Jahren gelernt — he learned that at an early age or while he was still young
mit den Jahren — as he/she etc. grows/grew older
* * *-e n.year n. -
34 dar una paliza
* * *(v.) = clobber, pummel, slaughter, knock + the living daylights out of, knock + the hell out out of, whip, whitewash, thrash, wallop, lick, baste, take + a pounding, take + a beating, belt, trounce, beat + Nombre + (all) hollowEx. Clobbering the rich with taxes doesn't help anyone.Ex. During the German occupation, the Italian populace lived under the grip of fear as Allied bombardments pummeled towns.Ex. These small small but very sharp flakes were used by hunters to slaughter animals.Ex. One after another, young pianists sat down and knocked the living daylights out of the piano.Ex. This is one of those movies that preaches nonviolence, even as the good guy is knocking the hell out of a few dozen dudes.Ex. He got whipped by policemen right here in Montgomery.Ex. Oxford City proved too strong for Banbury A, whitewashing them 9-0.Ex. Later footage shows the killer whales with the pups in their mouths, thrashing them about.Ex. He walloped Bud, tore his shirt, and made him eat dirt.Ex. They got licked by a bunch of little, ill-armed peasant guerillas.Ex. I have been reading his post for a long time and I have been biting my fingers to keep from basting him.Ex. He took a pounding in the press after his first tax cut when a deep recession pushed unemployment to 10 percent.Ex. Devastated by natural disasters and caught in the middle of the war on terror, Asia's economy took a beating in 2001.Ex. They chased him and one belted him over the head with the bar, forcing him to the ground.Ex. Defending champions Japan fought back from 1-0 behind to trounce Thailand 4-1 to qualify for the quarter-finals.Ex. But he was proved wrong as India pushed England to the edge and beat them hollow the following day.* * *(v.) = clobber, pummel, slaughter, knock + the living daylights out of, knock + the hell out out of, whip, whitewash, thrash, wallop, lick, baste, take + a pounding, take + a beating, belt, trounce, beat + Nombre + (all) hollowEx: Clobbering the rich with taxes doesn't help anyone.
Ex: During the German occupation, the Italian populace lived under the grip of fear as Allied bombardments pummeled towns.Ex: These small small but very sharp flakes were used by hunters to slaughter animals.Ex: One after another, young pianists sat down and knocked the living daylights out of the piano.Ex: This is one of those movies that preaches nonviolence, even as the good guy is knocking the hell out of a few dozen dudes.Ex: He got whipped by policemen right here in Montgomery.Ex: Oxford City proved too strong for Banbury A, whitewashing them 9-0.Ex: Later footage shows the killer whales with the pups in their mouths, thrashing them about.Ex: He walloped Bud, tore his shirt, and made him eat dirt.Ex: They got licked by a bunch of little, ill-armed peasant guerillas.Ex: I have been reading his post for a long time and I have been biting my fingers to keep from basting him.Ex: He took a pounding in the press after his first tax cut when a deep recession pushed unemployment to 10 percent.Ex: Devastated by natural disasters and caught in the middle of the war on terror, Asia's economy took a beating in 2001.Ex: They chased him and one belted him over the head with the bar, forcing him to the ground.Ex: Defending champions Japan fought back from 1-0 behind to trounce Thailand 4-1 to qualify for the quarter-finals.Ex: But he was proved wrong as India pushed England to the edge and beat them hollow the following day. -
35 year
noun1) Jahr, dasshe gets £10,000 a year — sie verdient 10 000 Pfund im Jahr
year in year out — jahrein, jahraus
year after year — Jahr für od. um Jahr
all [the] year round — das ganze Jahr hindurch
in a year['s time] — in einem Jahr
once a year, once every year — einmal im Jahr
Christian or Church or ecclesiastical year — (Eccl.) Kirchenjahr, das; liturgisches Jahr (kath. Kirche)
a ten-year-old — ein Zehnjähriger/eine Zehnjährige
a ten-year[s]-old child — ein zehn Jahre altes Kind
in her thirtieth year — in ihrem 30. Lebensjahr
financial or fiscal or tax year — Finanz- od. Rechnungsjahr, das
calendar or civil year — Kalenderjahr, das
school year — Schuljahr, das
for a year and a day — ein Jahr und einen Tag [lang]
a year [from] today — etc. heute usw. in einem Jahr
a year [ago] today — etc. heute usw. vor einem Jahr
... of the year — (best)... des Jahres
take years off somebody/somebody's life — jemanden um Jahre jünger/älter machen; see also academic.ru/9940/by">by I 1. 23); from 2)
2) (group of students) Jahrgang, derfirst-year student — Student/Studentin im ersten Jahr
be getting on/be well on in years — in die Jahre kommen/in vorgerücktem Alter sein (geh.)
* * *[jiə] 1. noun1) (the period of time the earth takes to go once round the sun, about 365 days: We lived here for five years, from November 1968 to November 1973; a two-year delay.) das Jahr2) (the period from January 1 to December 31, being 365 days, except in a leap year, when it is 366 days: in the year 1945.) das Jahr•- yearly2. adverb(every year: The festival is held yearly.) jährlich- year-book- all the year round
- all year round
- long* * *[jɪəʳ, AM jɪr]nit's taken them a \year to get this far sie haben ein Jahr gebraucht, um so weit zu kommenshe got two \years sie bekam zwei Jahre [Gefängnis]it'll be a \year next August kommenden August ist es ein Jahr herin the \year of Our Lord 1492 im Jahre des Herrn 1492how much does he earn a \year? wie viel verdient er im Jahr?calendar \year Kalenderjahr nttwo \years' work zwei Jahre Arbeita \year ago vor einem Jahrall [the] \year round das ganze Jahr überevery other \year alle zwei Jahrelast/next/this \year letztes/nächstes/dieses Jahrhe retires in March of next \year er geht im März nächsten Jahres in Rente\year by \year Jahr für Jahrduring the \year FIN unterjährigfor two \years zwei Jahre langfive times a \year fünfmal im [o pro] Jahrhe dances very well for a man of his \years für einen Mann in seinem Alter tanzt er sehr guta two-\year-old child ein zweijähriges Kind▪ \years pl Jahre pl\year in, \year out Jahr ein, Jahr ausover the \years mit den Jahren, im Laufe der Jahrehe was in my \year at college er war am College in meinem Semestershe was in the \year above [or AM ahead of] /below [or AM behind] me at school/university sie war in der Schule/Uni[versität] ein Jahr/zwei Semester über/unter mira two-/three-\year course ein zwei-/dreijähriger Kursschool \year Schuljahr nta first-/second-\year student ein Student m/eine Studentin im ersten/zweiten Studienjahracademic \year akademisches Jahrthe second-\years BRIT UNIV die Studenten, Studentinnen m, f im zweiten Studienjahr; SCH die Schüler(innen) m(f) der zweiten Klassethe time of the \year die Jahreszeitto be a bad [or poor] /good \year for sth ein schlechtes/gutes Jahr für etw akk sein1988 was an extremely good \year — if you can find a bottle of that, buy it 1988 war ein äußerst gutes Jahr — wenn du eine Flasche davon finden kannst, kaufe sie6.▶ to put \years on sb jdn um Jahre älter machen▶ to take \years off sb jdn jünger wirken lassen* * *[jɪə(r)]n1) Jahr ntthis/last year — dieses/letztes Jahr
three times a year — dreimal pro or im Jahr
in the year 1989 —
year by year, from year to year — von Jahr zu Jahr
year in, year out — jahrein, jahraus
all (the) year round — das ganze Jahr über or hindurch
as (the) years go by — mit den Jahren
it'll be a year in or next January (duration) — es wird nächsten Januar ein Jahr sein; (point in time) es wird nächsten Januar ein Jahr her sein
a hundred-year-old tree —
a hundred-year-old tree — ein hundert Jahre alter Baum, ein hundertjähriger Baum
he is in his fortieth year — er steht (geh) or ist im vierzigsten Lebensjahr
he gets £23,000 a year — er bekommt £ 23.000 jährlich or pro Jahr or im Jahr
I haven't laughed so much in years — ich habe schon lange nicht mehr so gelacht
that new hairdo has taken years off you (inf) — diese neue Frisur macht dich um Jahre jünger
it's taken years off my life — es hat mich Jahre meines Lebens gekostet
2) (UNIV, SCH of coin, stamp, wine) Jahrgang mthe 2001/02 academic year —
he is bottom in his year (Univ, Sch) — er ist der Schlechteste seines Jahrgangs or in seinem Jahrgang
first-year student, first year — Student(in) m(f) im ersten Jahr
3)he looks old for his years — er sieht älter aus als er ist
* * *1. Jahr n:this year’s winner der (die) diesjährige Sieger(in);three-year contract Dreijahresvertrag m;many years’ experience langjährige Erfahrung;after two years of marriage nach zwei Ehejahren;for a year and a day JUR auf Jahr und Tag;a) jahrelang, seit Jahren,b) auf Jahre hinaus;year in, year out jahraus, jahrein;year by year, from year to year, year after year Jahr für Jahr;in the year one hum vor undenklichen Zeiten;not in years seit Jahren nicht (mehr);since the year dot umg seit einer Ewigkeit;twice a year zweimal jährlich oder im Jahr;take years off sb jemanden um Jahre jünger machen oder aussehen lassen; → old A 2, over A 11, service1 A 12. (Kalender-, Kirchen- etc) Jahr n:3. pl Alter n:4. SCHULE, UNIV Jahrgang m:5. ASTRON Umlaufzeit f, Periode f (eines Planeten)y. abkyr abk2. younger3. your* * *noun1) Jahr, dasshe gets £10,000 a year — sie verdient 10 000 Pfund im Jahr
year in year out — jahrein, jahraus
year after year — Jahr für od. um Jahr
all [the] year round — das ganze Jahr hindurch
in a year['s time] — in einem Jahr
once a year, once every year — einmal im Jahr
Christian or Church or ecclesiastical year — (Eccl.) Kirchenjahr, das; liturgisches Jahr (kath. Kirche)
a ten-year-old — ein Zehnjähriger/eine Zehnjährige
a ten-year[s]-old child — ein zehn Jahre altes Kind
in her thirtieth year — in ihrem 30. Lebensjahr
financial or fiscal or tax year — Finanz- od. Rechnungsjahr, das
calendar or civil year — Kalenderjahr, das
school year — Schuljahr, das
for a year and a day — ein Jahr und einen Tag [lang]
a year [from] today — etc. heute usw. in einem Jahr
a year [ago] today — etc. heute usw. vor einem Jahr
... of the year — (best)... des Jahres
take years off somebody/somebody's life — jemanden um Jahre jünger/älter machen; see also by I 1. 23); from 2)
2) (group of students) Jahrgang, derfirst-year student — Student/Studentin im ersten Jahr
3) in pl. (age)be getting on/be well on in years — in die Jahre kommen/in vorgerücktem Alter sein (geh.)
* * *n.Jahr -e n. -
36 year
[jiə] 1. noun1) (the period of time the earth takes to go once round the sun, about 365 days: We lived here for five years, from November 1968 to November 1973; a two-year delay.) år: -års2) (the period from January 1 to December 31, being 365 days, except in a leap year, when it is 366 days: in the year 1945.) år; kalenderår•- yearly2. adverb(every year: The festival is held yearly.) årligt- all the year round
- all year round
- long* * *[jiə] 1. noun1) (the period of time the earth takes to go once round the sun, about 365 days: We lived here for five years, from November 1968 to November 1973; a two-year delay.) år: -års2) (the period from January 1 to December 31, being 365 days, except in a leap year, when it is 366 days: in the year 1945.) år; kalenderår•- yearly2. adverb(every year: The festival is held yearly.) årligt- all the year round
- all year round
- long -
37 Глава 3. Do you speak ebonics?
Профессор: Какие еще виды пластмасс вы знаете? (Молчание)Ну, подскажу. Вечер, вы наедине с кавалером...Студентка: А, вспомнила, эбонит!Профессор: М-да... В наше время это был целлулоид.Старый анекдотЯзык негров, в особенности негров американского юга, непонятен на слух даже тем, кто прекрасно знает классический английский. Невнятное своеобразное произношение, масса сокращений и трансформаций, нестандартная грамматика, все упрощено до неузнаваемости - это и есть ebonics - эбоникс. В принципе - это диалект, вариант английского языка. В нашем словаре мы пользуемся термином "эбоникс" часто и нестрого (чтобы длинно и нудно не объяснять в каждом случае, что данное ругательство характерно, например, для негров Алабамы). То, что мы называем эбоникс - это чаще всего слова, характерные для американских негров.Зачастую эбоникс выглядит как речь малограмотных. Это и так, и не так. Скажем, детей, выросших в среде его носителей, тяжело выучить правильному английскому. Эбоникс, несмотря на веселое (для нас) название, язык не пародийный и не шуточный. Люди думают на нем, общаются и прекрасно друг друга понимают (тут важны практика и интуиция). При повседневном использовании непонятные непосвященному словечки и вульгаризмы становятся нормой. Школьный английский кажется им чуждым, искусственным (как нам - церковнославянский), учить его нет мотивации. Ведь дети уверены, что говорят по-английски, и все вокруг них говорят так же. А тут вдруг почему-то учитель сообщает, что все надо писать и говорить по-другому.К тому же подросткам постоянно твердят, что мы (афроамериканцы) - лучше других и что всякие чужаки готовят нам гадости. Типичная идеология автосегрегированных меньшинств. Есть политики, финансово заинтересованные в ее существовании. Доходило до разговоров о необходимости перевода преподавания на эбоникс для районов, где школьникам дискомфортно учиться на стандартном английском. Смеетесь? Как говорится, смейся, паяц! Эта логика уже привела к введению, регионально, испанского как основного - для детей мексиканских эмигрантов - с очевидными последствиями для будущего этих детей. Как работать-то потом? Напишешь деловой меморандум на эбониксе?Об эбониксе надо иметь общее представление, потому что это живой и достаточно распространенный в стране диалект. Есть и дополнительные причины культурного плана. Gangsta rap (гангста-рэп, дословно - бандитский треп) - дитя эбоникса. Этот песенный стиль популярен в Америке и в мире, но местные смысл понимают, а иностранцы нет. Впрочем, глубоких мыслей там мало, хотя забавные вещи встречаются. Например, в России часто не видят, в чем разница между Эминемом, получившим кучу наград, и массой других рэпперов. Дело совсем не в том, что Эминем белый, просто качество его текстов повыше, хотя и перебарщивает с политагитками и самолюбованием. Однако в целом - нормальный человек, что не про всех исполнителей скажешь. Гангста-рэпом ведь часто занимаются настоящие блатные, а переживания воров и наркоманов, их жалостливое нытье о злой судьбине, бездушном обществе и том, как их "засосала опасная трясина", слезу не вышибают. А Эминем на сцене в беспросветность жизни только играет, рэп его не совсем всамделишный.Это как с Бобом Диланом, вышедшим из кантри и фолк-музыки, но развившим свое направление, после чего поклонники чистого жанра (примеры этого чистого жанра - Вуди Гатри, Джоан Баэз) стали считать его предателем.Особенно неподражаемо (буквально - фиг научишься!) характерное для эбоникса южное произношение. У белых южан, даже из бедных необразованных слоев, оно другое. Зато у негров с юга, в том числе образованных и безупречных в грамматике, оно обычно сохраняется, и это легко различимо даже по телефону. Есть термин "visible minorities" - видимые меньшинства (имеется в виду цвет кожи), так вот, в нашем случае меньшинство еще и отчетливо слышимо!Стыдно сказать, но работающие на юге русские специальное слово изобрели - гавьядуинги - для обозначения простых пожилых негров, например уборщиков, которые всегда вежливо здороваются, входя в офис, посредством произнесения этого смешного слова. Означает оно, на их диалекте, всего-навсего How are you doing? - Привет! Как дела? Именно так там это приветствие и произносят, или еще короче - Ховди- Howdy! (Последнее слово, впрочем, не негритянское, а просто южное, в Техасе все так говорят.)Типичный пример прикольной надписи на эбониксе дан на рис. (На жаргоне высказана народная кошачья мудрость: "If the cat ain't happy — ain't nobody happy — В доме, где кот несчастлив, никто не счастлив".), еще один образец такого юмора см. на цв. илл. (Помогаем перевести: shoot (стрелять), hoop (баскетбольная корзина), brotha (= brother — брат). Эбоникс на майке. Выражена довольно простая мысль: лучше играть в баскетбол, чем стрелять друг в друга. Но если эту же мысль выразить по-английски в точности так, как мы сейчас перевели, кто бы такую футболку стал носить?) к слову BROTHA.Ниже мы приводим и примеры разговорной речи. Здесь они не для того, чтобы вы этот язык выучили, дай бог со стандартным английским освоиться. Только для общего представления. Обратите внимание, что все связано в жесткие, устоявшиеся конструкции: искажают язык не кто как хочет, а как принято.Вот характерные черты эбоникса.1. Времена перепутаны, прошедшего не существует, ed не добавляется в Past Participle:I have live here twelve years. (lived) He pass him yesterday. (passed)2. Лица взаимозаменяемы, have и has тоже, 3-го лица просто нет.He pick me. (picks) He never play no more, man. (plays) He don't know nobody. (doesn't)3. Необычное использование модальных и вспомогательных глаголов. Типичны конструкции типа he done told me (done вместо has), might could (двойное сослагательное). В разговоре, бывает, be используется вместо is. Например вообще непонятное по обычным нормам "I been know your name" означает "I have known for a long time and still do" (Я тебя давно знаю). "It don't all be her fault" это "It isn't always her fault". Вот и разберитесь.4. Обычные слова используют необычно (примеры есть в словаре):Hit him upside the head. (Hit him in the head.) The rock say 'Shhh!' (The rock went `Shhh!') I wanna be a police. (I wanna be a policeman.)5. Глаголы не спрягаются (be и все, в am или is нет необходимости), многие глаголы-связки опущены:He be always fooling around. I'm a shoot you. (I'm g'na shoot you.) He a friend. He tired. He over there. He with us. He working with us. (is - везде).6. Масса паразитных, ничего не значащих слов, двойных усилений, дупликации глаголов:He useta was workin'. She useta hadda pick at me. If you can find that cancelled check, I may can go out there and get it. Can you get your civil rights without getting your head busted? You might will in the long run. Well, you must can't fuck good, then.7. Притяжательные конструкции, согласование слов нарушено:Give him they book. (their)8. Фонетическое правописание, слияние слов в нестандартные конструкции:Cause I'll be done put-stuck so many holes in him he'll wish he wouldna said it. I done about forgot mosta those things. My father liketo kill me. I was liketo have got shot. He better hadda moved out.Типичные образцы популярных конструкций: liketo, hafta, useta, supposta.9. Двойное отрицание (в стандартном английском оно означает утверждение, но в эбониксе остается отрицанием):Ain't nothin' happenin' 'n' shit (ни х*я не происходит).Don't nobody break up a fight (не лезь в чужую драку).Особые проблемы возникают с пониманием времени и продолжительности действий, так как вспомогательные глаголы и их использование нестандартные. В качестве издевательского самостоятельного упражнения для филологов дадим цитату из хорошей книжки про эбоникс (W.Labow. Language in the Inner Cuty. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1972). Попробуйте ответить на поставленные вопросы.А. Someone asked, Is she married? and someone answered, She been married. Do you get the idea that she is married now?Yes ________________________No_________________________B. A teacher said, Do you know your number facts? and a boy answered, I been know them. Do you get the idea thathe's all ready to take the test ________________he has to brush up on this stuff ______________C. So what do you think been means in I been know them?used to know___know right now___knew but can't quite remember ___hawe known for a long time___Здесь мы остановимся и напомним, что еще существуют таблицы произношения - на эбониксе многие-многие слова произносятся нестандартно. Мы их не приводим, это уже далеко за пределами легкого ознакомления. Напоследок дадим иллюстрацию.Yunnerstan, или как филолог с уркой побеседовалиФилолог Джон Льюис (JL), изучающий жаргон уличных негритянских банд, решил установить, можно ли на эбониксе говорить о вещах серьезных, абстрактных. Вот кусочек его беседы с Ларри (Larry) - многообещающим несовершеннолетним лидером уличной шпаны (inner-city street gang):JL: What happens to you after you die? Do you know?Что происходит с тобой после твоей смерти? Ты знаешь?Larry: Yeah, I know. (What?) After they put you in the ground, your body turns into-ah-bones, an' shit.Ну, знаю. (Что?) После того, как они тебя закопают в землю, твое тело превращается во всякие кости и говно.JL: What happens to your spirit?А что происходит с твоей душой?Larry: Your spirit-soon as you die, your spirit leaves you. (And where does the spirit go?) Well, it all depends.. (On what?) You know, like some people say if you're good an' shit, your spirit goin' t'heaven... 'n' if you bad, your spirit goin' to hell. Well, bullshit! Your spir:goin' to hell anyway, good or bad.Твоя душа, вскоре после того как ты умрешь, твоя душа от тебя уходит. (И куда душа уходит?) Ну, все зависит от обстоятельств... (От каких?) Ну, знаешь, некоторые люди говорят, что если ты хороший и прочее дерьмо, то твой дух отправится на небо, а если нет - в ад. Ну, это все треп. Твоя душа попадет в ад так и так, по-хорошему или по-плохому.JL: Why?Почему?Larry: Why? I'll tell you why. 'Cause, you see, doesn' nobody really know that it's a God, y'know, 'cause - I mean I have seen black gods, pink gods, white gods, all color gods, and don't nobody know it's really a God. An' when they be sayin' if you good, you goin' t'heaven, tha's bullshit, 'cause you ain't goin' to no heaven, 'cause it ain't no heaven for you to go to.Почему? Я тебе скажу почему. Потому что, сам понимаешь, никто же не знает, в самом деле есть ли Бог, ты понимаешь, что я имею в виду. Я имею в виду, что видел черных богов, розовых богов, белых богов, богов всех цветов, и никто в самом деле не знает, кто настоящий Бог. И когда они говорят, что если ты хороший, то отправишься в рай, это все тот же треп, никакого рая нет, потому что его нет вообще.JL: Well, if there's no heaven, how could there be a hell?Ну, а если рая нет, то как же может быть ад?Larry: I mean-ye-eah. Well, let me tell you, it ain't no hell, 'cause this is hell right here, y'know! (This is hell?) Yeah, this is hell right here!Я имею в виду... Ну, давай тебе скажу, это не тот ад, потому что настоящий ад прямо здесь, ты знаешь! (Это ад?) Да, это ад, прямо здесь!JL:... but, just say that there is a God, what color is he? White or black?...но, допустим, что Бог есть, какого он цвета? Белый или черный?Larry: Well, if it is a God... I wouldn' know what color, I couldn' say,-couldn' nobody say what color he is or really would be.Ну, если Бог есть... я не знаю, какого он цвета, я не могу сказать. Никто вообще не может сказать, какого он цвета на самом деле.JL: But now, jus' suppose there was a God -Но, предположим сейчас, что Бог есть -Larry: Unless'n they say...Ну, если они так говорят...JL: No, I was jus' sayin' jus' suppose there is a God, would he be white or black?Нет, я имею в виду, если допустить, что Бог есть, он тогда белый или черный?Larry:...He'd be white, man....Он был бы белым.JL: Why?Почему?Larry: Why? I'll tell you why. 'Cause the average whitey out here got everything, you dig? And the nigger ain't got shit, y'know? Y'unnerstan'? So-um-for-in order for that to happen, you know it ain't no black God that's doin' that bullshit.Почему? Я тебе скажу почему. Потому что средний белый имеет сейчас все, сечешь? А у черного нет ни черта, знаешь? Ты понял? Так что, для того чтобы так вот это было, никакой черный Бог не сделает такой фигни.Вот выводы Джона Льюиса.Он восхищен, как на этом корявом языке Ларри мастерски все аргументировал, считает его почти талантом и жалеет, что тот не учился.Наш комментарий.На эбониксе, да и с помощью родной фени, можно емко объяснить все, даже теорию относительности. Манера Ларри - типичный уголовный треп, цель которого - не выяснить истину, а показать, что ты сильнее, одержать верх в споре. На деле Ларри удачно "срезал" филолога, используя приемы блатной болтовни. В Америке здесь все то же, что и в России, только на английском.Не смущайтесь, урожденные американцы все это тоже понимают не очень. Освоить язык, которому посвящена эта глава, гораздо труднее, чем популярные ругательства, включая мат (с ним, кстати, в эбониксе все густо перемешано). Зато теперь вы не удивитесь, когда вживую услышите речь со странной грамматикой и произношением и поймете, кому она может принадлежать.American slang. English-Russian dictionary > Глава 3. Do you speak ebonics?
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38 ago
مُنْذُ \ ago: before the present time: 100 years ago; long ago; a short while ago. ever since: always since: I’ve lived here ever since I was born. for: showing the length of time since sth. happened, or from the beginning to the present: I haven’t seen him for two years. We have lived here for six months. since: after; during the period after: I haven’t seen him since Tuesday (I saw him on Tuesday, but not again), from the time when It is a week since he went away. -
39 ever since
مُنْذُ \ ago: before the present time: 100 years ago; long ago; a short while ago. ever since: always since: I’ve lived here ever since I was born. for: showing the length of time since sth. happened, or from the beginning to the present: I haven’t seen him for two years. We have lived here for six months. since: after; during the period after: I haven’t seen him since Tuesday (I saw him on Tuesday, but not again), from the time when It is a week since he went away. -
40 since
مُنْذُ \ ago: before the present time: 100 years ago; long ago; a short while ago. ever since: always since: I’ve lived here ever since I was born. for: showing the length of time since sth. happened, or from the beginning to the present: I haven’t seen him for two years. We have lived here for six months. since: after; during the period after: I haven’t seen him since Tuesday (I saw him on Tuesday, but not again), from the time when It is a week since he went away.
См. также в других словарях:
here — [ hır ] function word *** Here can be used in the following ways: as an adverb: Wait here. I ll be back in a minute. as an interjection: Here, have a drink of water. 1. ) in or to this place a ) in or to the place where you are: We ve lived here… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
time — 1 /taIm/ noun TIME 1 (U) something that is measured in minutes, hours, years etc using clocks: a machine that can travel through time | The basic unit of time, the second, was redefined in 1967. | time passes/goes by: time goes by so quickly… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
time — [[t]ta͟ɪm[/t]] ♦ times, timing, timed 1) N UNCOUNT Time is what we measure in minutes, hours, days, and years. ...a two week period of time... Time passed, and still Ma did not appear... As time went on the visits got more and more regular... The … English dictionary
long — 1 adjective 1 OBJECT/LINE measuring a great length or a greater length than usual from one end to the other: Cher used to have really long hair. | The line to get into the movie was so long we gave up. | The Aleutian Islands form the longest… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
time — time1 [ taım ] noun *** ▸ 1 quantity clock measures ▸ 2 period ▸ 3 occasion/moment ▸ 4 time available/needed ▸ 5 how fast music is played ▸ + PHRASES 1. ) uncount the quantity that you measure using a clock: Time seemed to pass more quickly than… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
here*/*/*/ — [hɪə] grammar word summary: Here can be: ■ an adverb: Wait here. I ll be back in a minute. ■ an interjection: Here, have a drink of water. 1) in or to this place in or to the place where you are, or where you are pointing We ve lived here for… … Dictionary for writing and speaking English
Long-term potentiation — (LTP) is a persistent increase in synaptic strength following high frequency stimulation of a chemical synapse. Studies of LTP are often carried out in slices of the hippocampus, an important organ for learning and memory. In such studies,… … Wikipedia
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time — {{Roman}}I.{{/Roman}} noun 1 what is measured in minutes, hours, days, etc. TIME + VERB ▪ elapse, go by, pass ▪ As time went by we saw less and less of each other. ▪ The changing seasons mark the passing of time … Collocations dictionary
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