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101 Length measurement
1 in= 2,54 cm* (centimètres)1 ft= 30,48 cm1 yd= 91,44 cm1 furlong= 201,17 m (mètres)1 ml= 1,61 km (kilomètres)* There are three ways of saying 2,54 cm, and other measurements like it: deux virgule cinquante-quatre centimètres, or (less formally) deux centimètres virgule cinquante-quatre, or deux centimètres cinquante-quatre. For more details on how to say numbers ⇒ Numbers.Lengthhow long is the rope?= de quelle longueur est la corde?it’s ten metres long= elle fait dix mètresa rope about six metres long= une corde d’environ six mètres de* longA is longer than B= A est plus long que BB is shorter than A= B est plus court que AA is as long as B= A est aussi long que BA is the same length as B= A a la même longueur que BA and B are the same length= A et B ont la même longueur or A et B sont de* la même longueurit’s three metres too short= il est trop court de trois mètresit’s three metres too long= il est trop long de trois mètresten metres of rope= dix mètres de cordesold by the metre= vendu au mètreNote the French construction with de, coming after the noun it describes:a six-foot-long python= un python de six pieds de* longan avenue four kilometres long= une avenue de quatre kilomètres de* long* The de is obligatory in these constructions.HeightPeoplehow tall is he?= quelle est sa taille? or combien est-ce qu’il mesure?he’s six feet tall= il fait un mètre quatre-vingts or il mesure un mètre quatre-vingtshe’s 1m 50= il fait 1,50 m ( say un mètre cinquante)he’s about five feet= il fait à peu près un mètre cinquanteA is taller than B= A est plus grand que BB is smaller than A= B est plus petit que AA is as tall as B= A est aussi grand que BA is the same height as B= A a la même taille que BA and B are the same height= A et B ont la même taille or A et B sont de* la même tailleNote the French construction with de, coming after the noun it describes:a six-foot-tall athlete= un athlète d’un mètre quatre-vingtsa footballer over six feet in height= un footballeur de plus d’un mètre quatre-vingtsThingshow high is the tower?= quelle est la hauteur de la tour?it’s 50 metres= elle fait 50 mètres or elle mesure 50 mètresabout 25 metres high= environ 25 mètres de* hautit’s 100 metres high= elle fait cent mètres de* haut or elle fait cent mètres de hauteurat a height of two metres= à une hauteur de deux mètres or à deux mètres de hauteurA is higher than B= A est plus haut que BB is lower than A= B est moins haut que AA is as high as B= A est aussi haut que BA is the same height as B= A a la même hauteur que BA and B are the same height= A et B ont la même hauteur or A et B sont de* la même hauteurNote the French construction with de, coming after the noun it describes:a 100-metre-high tower= une tour de 100 mètres de* hauta mountain over 4,000 metres in height= une montagne de plus de quatre mille mètreshow high is the plane= à quelle hauteur or à quelle altitude est l’avion?what height is the plane flying at?= à quelle altitude l’avion vole-t-il?the plane is flying at 5,000 metres= l’avion vole à une altitude de cinq mille mètres or à cinq mille mètres d’altitude** The de is obligatory in these constructions.Distancewhat’s the distance from A to B?= quelle distance y a-t-il entre A et B?how far is it from Paris to Nice?= combien y a-t-il de kilomètres de Paris à Nice?how far away is the school from the church?= à quelle distance l’école est-elle de l’église?it’s two kilometres= il y a deux kilomètresat a distance of five kilometres= à une distance de 5 kilomètres or à cinq kilomètres de distanceC is nearer B than A is= C est plus près de B que AA is nearer to B than to C= A est plus près de B que de CA is as far away as B= A est aussi loin que BA and B are the same distance away= A et B sont à la même distanceNote the French construction with de, coming after the noun it describes:a ten-kilometre walk= une promenade de dix kilomètresWidth/breadthIn the following examples, broad may replace wide and breadth may replace width, but the French remains large and largeur.what width is the river?= de* quelle largeur est la rivière?how wide is it?= combien fait-elle de* large?about seven metres wide= environ sept mètres de* largeit’s seven metres wide= elle fait sept mètres de* large or de* largeurA is wider than B= A est plus large que BB is narrower than A= B est plus étroit que AA is as wide as B= A est aussi large que BA is the same width as B= A a la même largeur que BNote the French construction with de, coming after the noun it describes:a ditch two metres wide= un fossé de deux mètres de* largea piece of cloth two metres in width= une pièce de tissu de deux mètres de* largeura river 50 metres wide= une rivière de 50 mètres de* largeur* The de is obligatory in these constructions.Depthwhat depth is the river?= de* quelle profondeur est la rivière?how deep is it?= combien fait-elle de* profondeur?it’s four metres deep= elle fait quatre mètres de* profondeurat a depth of ten metres= à dix mètres de* profondeur or à une profondeur de* dix mètresA is deeper than B= A est plus profond que BB is shallower than A= B est moins profond que ANote that French has no word for shallow:A is as deep as B= A est aussi profond que BA is the same depth as B= A a la même profondeur que BNote the French construction with de, coming after the noun it describes:a well 20 metres deep= un puits de vingt mètres de* profondeur* The de is obligatory in these constructions. -
102 Computers
The brain has been compared to a digital computer because the neuron, like a switch or valve, either does or does not complete a circuit. But at that point the similarity ends. The switch in the digital computer is constant in its effect, and its effect is large in proportion to the total output of the machine. The effect produced by the neuron varies with its recovery from [the] refractory phase and with its metabolic state. The number of neurons involved in any action runs into millions so that the influence of any one is negligible.... Any cell in the system can be dispensed with.... The brain is an analogical machine, not digital. Analysis of the integrative activities will probably have to be in statistical terms. (Lashley, quoted in Beach, Hebb, Morgan & Nissen, 1960, p. 539)It is essential to realize that a computer is not a mere "number cruncher," or supercalculating arithmetic machine, although this is how computers are commonly regarded by people having no familiarity with artificial intelligence. Computers do not crunch numbers; they manipulate symbols.... Digital computers originally developed with mathematical problems in mind, are in fact general purpose symbol manipulating machines....The terms "computer" and "computation" are themselves unfortunate, in view of their misleading arithmetical connotations. The definition of artificial intelligence previously cited-"the study of intelligence as computation"-does not imply that intelligence is really counting. Intelligence may be defined as the ability creatively to manipulate symbols, or process information, given the requirements of the task in hand. (Boden, 1981, pp. 15, 16-17)The task is to get computers to explain things to themselves, to ask questions about their experiences so as to cause those explanations to be forthcoming, and to be creative in coming up with explanations that have not been previously available. (Schank, 1986, p. 19)In What Computers Can't Do, written in 1969 (2nd edition, 1972), the main objection to AI was the impossibility of using rules to select only those facts about the real world that were relevant in a given situation. The "Introduction" to the paperback edition of the book, published by Harper & Row in 1979, pointed out further that no one had the slightest idea how to represent the common sense understanding possessed even by a four-year-old. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 102)A popular myth says that the invention of the computer diminishes our sense of ourselves, because it shows that rational thought is not special to human beings, but can be carried on by a mere machine. It is a short stop from there to the conclusion that intelligence is mechanical, which many people find to be an affront to all that is most precious and singular about their humanness.In fact, the computer, early in its career, was not an instrument of the philistines, but a humanizing influence. It helped to revive an idea that had fallen into disrepute: the idea that the mind is real, that it has an inner structure and a complex organization, and can be understood in scientific terms. For some three decades, until the 1940s, American psychology had lain in the grip of the ice age of behaviorism, which was antimental through and through. During these years, extreme behaviorists banished the study of thought from their agenda. Mind and consciousness, thinking, imagining, planning, solving problems, were dismissed as worthless for anything except speculation. Only the external aspects of behavior, the surface manifestations, were grist for the scientist's mill, because only they could be observed and measured....It is one of the surprising gifts of the computer in the history of ideas that it played a part in giving back to psychology what it had lost, which was nothing less than the mind itself. In particular, there was a revival of interest in how the mind represents the world internally to itself, by means of knowledge structures such as ideas, symbols, images, and inner narratives, all of which had been consigned to the realm of mysticism. (Campbell, 1989, p. 10)[Our artifacts] only have meaning because we give it to them; their intentionality, like that of smoke signals and writing, is essentially borrowed, hence derivative. To put it bluntly: computers themselves don't mean anything by their tokens (any more than books do)-they only mean what we say they do. Genuine understanding, on the other hand, is intentional "in its own right" and not derivatively from something else. (Haugeland, 1981a, pp. 32-33)he debate over the possibility of computer thought will never be won or lost; it will simply cease to be of interest, like the previous debate over man as a clockwork mechanism. (Bolter, 1984, p. 190)t takes us a long time to emotionally digest a new idea. The computer is too big a step, and too recently made, for us to quickly recover our balance and gauge its potential. It's an enormous accelerator, perhaps the greatest one since the plow, twelve thousand years ago. As an intelligence amplifier, it speeds up everything-including itself-and it continually improves because its heart is information or, more plainly, ideas. We can no more calculate its consequences than Babbage could have foreseen antibiotics, the Pill, or space stations.Further, the effects of those ideas are rapidly compounding, because a computer design is itself just a set of ideas. As we get better at manipulating ideas by building ever better computers, we get better at building even better computers-it's an ever-escalating upward spiral. The early nineteenth century, when the computer's story began, is already so far back that it may as well be the Stone Age. (Rawlins, 1997, p. 19)According to weak AI, the principle value of the computer in the study of the mind is that it gives us a very powerful tool. For example, it enables us to formulate and test hypotheses in a more rigorous and precise fashion than before. But according to strong AI the computer is not merely a tool in the study of the mind; rather the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states. And according to strong AI, because the programmed computer has cognitive states, the programs are not mere tools that enable us to test psychological explanations; rather, the programs are themselves the explanations. (Searle, 1981b, p. 353)What makes people smarter than machines? They certainly are not quicker or more precise. Yet people are far better at perceiving objects in natural scenes and noting their relations, at understanding language and retrieving contextually appropriate information from memory, at making plans and carrying out contextually appropriate actions, and at a wide range of other natural cognitive tasks. People are also far better at learning to do these things more accurately and fluently through processing experience.What is the basis for these differences? One answer, perhaps the classic one we might expect from artificial intelligence, is "software." If we only had the right computer program, the argument goes, we might be able to capture the fluidity and adaptability of human information processing. Certainly this answer is partially correct. There have been great breakthroughs in our understanding of cognition as a result of the development of expressive high-level computer languages and powerful algorithms. However, we do not think that software is the whole story.In our view, people are smarter than today's computers because the brain employs a basic computational architecture that is more suited to deal with a central aspect of the natural information processing tasks that people are so good at.... hese tasks generally require the simultaneous consideration of many pieces of information or constraints. Each constraint may be imperfectly specified and ambiguous, yet each can play a potentially decisive role in determining the outcome of processing. (McClelland, Rumelhart & Hinton, 1986, pp. 3-4)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Computers
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103 much
1. [mʌtʃ] n1. многоеthere is not much to see /to be seen/ - (здесь) не на что смотреть; здесь мало интересного
there is much to do /to be done/ - многое надо сделать
to suffer much - много(е) пережить [см. тж. much III 1, 1) и 2)]
much still remains to be done - осталось ещё много работы, ещё многое нужно сделать
there is not much left - мало (что) /немного/ осталось
there is much to say - многое нужно (рас)сказать, о многом нужно поговорить
much of smth. - большая часть чего-л.
much of what you say is true - многое из того, что вы говорите, справедливо; вы во многом правы
to be worth /to amount to/ much - стоить многого, представлять большую /значительную/ ценность
it leaves much to be desired - это оставляет желать многого /лучшего/
much he knows about it - ирон. много он (об этом) знает
2. в сочетаниях:as much - это - то; именно это
I expected as much - именно этого я и ожидал; я ничего другого не ожидал [см. much II 2]
♢
to be too much for smb. - оказаться не по силам кому-л.not much of a scholar - не очень-то /не ахти какой/ образованный человек
to make much of smb., smth. - а) высоко ценить кого-л., что-л.; быть высокого мнения о ком-л., чём-л.; б) носиться с кем-л., чем-л.; много говорить о ком-л., чём-л.
to think much of smb., smth. = to make much of smb., smth.
to think it much to do smth. - а) считать важным что-л. сделать; б) стесняться что-л. сделать
not to be much to look at - не отличаться привлекательной внешностью; ≅ не на что смотреть
it is too much of a good thing - хорошенького понемножку; это уж слишком /чересчур/
2. [mʌtʃ] a (more; most)much will have more - посл. чем больше имеешь, тем больше хочется
1. 1) многоmuch water [rain, time] - много воды [дождей, времени]
I had much difficulty in convincing her - мне было очень трудно /стоило большого труда/ её убедить
much good may it do you - ирон. очень это тебе поможет, много тебе от этого толку
how much? - а) сколько?; how much time do you need? - сколько времени вам потребуется?; how much water do you want? - сколько вам нужно воды?; б) сколько стоит?
how much is it? - сколько это стоит?
how much is it a pound? - сколько стоит фунт?
to put too much sugar [butter] - положить слишком много сахара [масла]
to cost too much - слишком дорого /много/ стоить
2) уст. многиеmuch people - много людей; многие люди
2. в сочетаниях:so much so that - настолько, что; до такой степени, что
I was so much surprised that words failed me - я от удивления не мог найти слов
not so much... as - не столько... сколько; не так... как
he is not so much angry as upset - он скорее огорчён, чем рассержен
as much as - столько же; так же много
3. [mʌtʃ] adv (more; most)can you do as much? - вы можете /способны/ сделать столько же? [см. much I 2]
1. 1) оченьto be much surprised [pleased, disappointed] - быть очень удивлённым [довольным, разочарованным /огорчённым/]
I am much obliged to you - я вам очень благодарен /признателен, обязан/
to suffer much - очень страдать [см. тж. 2) и much I 1]
to enjoy smth. very much - получать большое удовольствие от чего-л.
to thank smb. very much for smth. - очень благодарить кого-л. за что-л.
to love smb. very [so, ever so] much - очень [так] любить кого-л.
I like it very [so, ever so] much - мне это очень [так] нравится
much to my astonishment [regret] - к моему большому удивлению [сожалению]
2) многоto eat [to drink, to cry, to talk] (too) much - (слишком) много есть [пить, плакать, разговаривать]
to suffer much - много страдать [см. тж. 1) и much I 1]
he doesn't swim much - он не очень много /не очень часто/ плавает
to see much of smb. - часто видеться с кем-л.
2. приблизительно, примерно, почтиto be much the same (in smth.) - быть приблизительно /почти/ таким же (в чём-л., в каком-л. отношении)
to be much of a size [of a height] - быть приблизительно /примерно, почти/ одного размера [роста /-ой высоты/]
to be much the same age, to be much of an age - быть приблизительно /примерно/ одного возраста
it was much about that time - это было приблизительно /примерно/ в то (самое) время
I left it much as I found it - я оставил это приблизительно /почти/ в таком же виде, в каком нашёл
3. усил. (при прилагательном в сравнит. и превосх. степенях) гораздо, значительно, (на)многоmuch faster [better, worse, richer, happier, more carefully] - гораздо /значительно, (на)много/ быстрее [лучше, хуже, богаче, счастливее, осторожнее]
much less agreeable - гораздо /значительно/ менее приятный
4. в сочетаниях:to take as much as one desires - взять (столько), сколько хочется
to do as much as one can - сделать (столько), сколько можно /возможно/
to like nothing as much as music - ничего так (сильно) не любить, как музыку
I have three times as much as I want - у меня втрое больше, чем мне нужно
it is as much your fault as mine - вы виноваты в этом столько же, сколько и я; это в такой же мере ваша вина, как и моя
as much as to say - равносильно тому /всё равно/, что сказать
it is as much as to say /saying/ that he is a liar - это всё равно, что назвать его лжецом
it is as much as he can do to read - а) всё, что он умеет - это читать; б) он с трудом читает
it was as much as I could do not to cry - я с трудом удерживал слёзы, я с трудом удерживался, чтобы не расплакаться
much as I dislike it - как бы неприятно для меня это ни было; хотя мне это очень неприятно
much as I tried - как бы /сколько бы/ я ни пытался /ни старался/; хотя я очень старался
as much as (all) that - так сильно; так много; до такой степени
do you owe him as much as that? - (неужели) вы ему так много должны?
do you love her as much as (all) that? - вы так (сильно) её любите?
not so much sugar, please - не (кладите) столько сахара, пожалуйста
that /this, so/ much - а) столько; give me that much - дайте мне вот столько; I have only done that much so far - я пока только вот сколько сделал; б) столько-то; это-то; хоть это
this much is certain - это-то точно /определённо/
you must know that much - это-то /хоть это/ вы должны знать
I shall say this /so/ much for him - вот что я скажу в его защиту /пользу/
♢
very much so - и очень даже; безусловно; именно такnot much - отнюдь (нет), совсем /конечно/ нет
so much for that - хватит (говорить) об этом, с этим покончено
so much for his friendship! - и это он называет дружбой!
(to be) much the worse (for smth.) - (быть) гораздо /значительно, (на)много/ хуже (вследствие чего-л.)
so much the better [the worse, the more, the less] - тем лучше [хуже, больше, меньше]
much the best [the largest] - а) гораздо /значительно, (на)много/ лучше [больше]; б) самый лучший [большой]
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104 BE
'bi: ɡi:( abbreviation) (Bachelor of Engineering; first degree in Engineering.) licenciatura en Ingenieríabe vb1. serwhat time is it? It's 3 o'clock ¿qué hora es? Son las treswho is it? It's me ¿quién es? Soy yo2. estarhow are you? I'm fine ¿cómo estás? estoy bienwhere is Pauline? ¿dónde está Pauline?how far is it? ¿a qué distancia está?what day is it today? ¿qué día es hoy? / ¿a qué día estamos?3. tenerhow old are you? I'm 16 ¿cuántos años tienes? tengo 16 años4. costar / valer / serhow much is it? ¿cuánto cuesta? / ¿cuánto vale? / ¿cuánto es?the tickets are £15 each las entradas valen 15 libras cada una5. hacer6. haberhow many children are there? ¿cuántos niños hay?Se usa también para construir el tiempo verbal llamado present continuous que indica una acción que está pasando en estos momentoswhat are you doing? ¿qué estás haciendo? / ¿qué haces?look, it's snowing mira, está nevando
be sustantivo femenino: name of the letter b, often called be largaor grande to distinguish it from v 'be' also found in these entries: Spanish: A - abasto - abate - abismo - abotargarse - abreviar - abrirse - absoluta - absoluto - abultar - abundar - aburrir - aburrirse - acabose - acariciar - acaso - acertar - achantarse - acometer - acostada - acostado - acostumbrar - acostumbrada - acostumbrado - acreditar - activa - activo - adelantar - adelantarse - adentro - adivinarse - admirarse - adolecer - aferrarse - afianzarse - aficionada - aficionado - afligirse - agonizar - agotarse - agradecer - agua - ahogarse - ahora - aire - ajo - ala - alarmarse - alcanzar - alegrarse English: aback - abate - about - absent - accordance - account for - accountable - accustom - acquaint - action - addicted - address - adequate - adjust - admit - affiliated - afford - afraid - agenda - agree - agreement - ahead - air - airsick - alert - alive - alone - along - aloof - alphabetically - always - am - ambition - amenable - amusing - anathema - annoyance - anomaly - anxious - apologetic - appal - appall - are - arm - around - arrears - as - ashamed - aspire - assertbetr[biː]intransitive verb (pres 1ª pers am, 2ª pers sing y todas del pl are, 3ª pers sing is; pt 1ª y 3ª pers sing was, 2ª pers sing y todas del pl; pp been)2 (essential quality) ser3 (nationality) ser4 (occupation) ser5 (origin) ser6 (ownership) ser7 (authorship) ser8 (composition) ser9 (use) ser10 (location) estar11 (temporary state) estar■ how are you? ¿cómo estás?12 (age) tener13 (price) costar, valer■ a single ticket is £9.50 un billete de ida cuesta £9.5014 tener■ he's hot/cold tiene calor/frío■ we're hungry/thirsty tenemos hambre/sed1 (passive) ser■ she was arrested at the border fue detenida en la frontera, la detuvieron en la frontera■ he's hated by everybody es odiado por todos, todos lo odian■ he was discharged fue dado de alta, lo dieron de alta■ the house has been sold la casa ha sido vendida, la casa se ha vendido, han vendido la casa■ thirty children were injured treinta niños fueron heridos, treinta niños resultaron heridos■ the two areas of the town are divided by a wall las dos zonas de la ciudad están divididas por un muro1 (obligation) deber, tener que1 (future)phrase there is / there are1 hay■ is there much traffic ¿hay mucho tráfico?1 había■ were there many people? ¿había mucha gente?1 habrá1 habría■ if Mike came, there would be ten of us si viniera Mike, seríamos diez\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be about to «+ inf» estar para + inf, estar a punto de + infto be or not to be ser o no serbe ['bi:] v, was ['wəz, 'wɑz] ; were ['wər] ; been ['bɪn] ; being ; am ['æm] ; is ['ɪz] ; are ['ɑr] viJosé is a doctor: José es doctorI'm Ana's sister: soy la hermana de Anathe tree is tall: el árbol es altoyou're silly!: ¡eres tonto!she's from Managua: es de Managuait's mine: es míomy mother is at home: mi madre está en casathe cups are on the table: las tazas están en la mesato be or not to be: ser, o no serI think, therefore I am: pienso, luego existohow are you?: ¿cómo estás?I'm cold: tengo fríoshe's 10 years old: tiene 10 añosthey're both sick: están enfermos los dosbe v impersit's eight o'clock: son las ochoit's Friday: hoy es viernesit's sunny: hace solit's very dark outside: está bien oscuro afuerabe v auxwhat are you doing? -I'm working: ¿qué haces? -estoy trabajandoit was finished yesterday: fue acabado ayer, se acabó ayerit was cooked in the oven: se cocinó en el hornocan she be trusted?: ¿se puede confiar en ella?you are to stay here: debes quedarte aquíhe was to come yesterday: se esperaba que viniese ayerbev.(§ p.,p.p.: was, were, been) = estar v.(§pres: estoy, estás...) pret: estuv-•)• ser v.(§pres: soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son) subj: se-imp: er-fu-•)biːˌ weak form bi
1.
2)a) (followed by an adjective)she's French/intelligent — es francesa/inteligente
he's worried/furious — está preocupado/furioso
he's blind — es or (Esp tb) está ciego
have you never had gazpacho? it's delicious! — ¿nunca has comido gazpacho? es delicioso!
the gazpacho is delicious, did you make it yourself? — el gazpacho está delicioso ¿lo hiciste tú?
she was very rude to me — estuvo or fue muy grosera conmigo
Tony is married/divorced/single — Tony está or (esp AmL) es casado/divorciado/soltero
to be married to somebody — estar* casado con alguien
3)a) (followed by a noun) ser*who was Prime Minister at the time? — ¿quién era Primer Ministro en ese momento?
it's me/Daniel — soy yo/es Daniel
if I were you, I'd stay — yo que tú or yo en tu lugar me quedaría
b) ( play the role of) hacer* de4)how are you? — ¿cómo estás?
I'm much better — estoy or me encuentro mucho mejor
she's pregnant/tired — está embarazada/cansada
I'm cold/hot/hungry/thirsty/sleepy — tengo frío/calor/hambre/sed/sueño
b) ( talking about age) tener*how old are you? — ¿cuántos años tienes?
he's a lot older/younger — es mucho mayor/menor
c) (giving cost, measurement, weight)how much is that? - that'll be $15, please — ¿cuánto es? - (son) 15 dólares, por favor
they are $15 each — cuestan or valen 15 dólares cada una
how tall/heavy is he? — ¿cuánto mide/pesa?
5)a) (exist, live)I think, therefore I am — pienso, luego existo
to let something/somebody be — dejar tranquilo or en paz algo/a alguien
b) ( in expressions of time)don't be too long — no tardes mucho, no (te) demores mucho (esp AmL)
I'm drying my hair, I won't be long — me estoy secando el pelo, enseguida estoy
how long will dinner be? — ¿cuánto falta para la cena?
c) ( take place) ser*6) (be situated, present) estar*where is the library? — ¿dónde está or queda la biblioteca?
where are you? — ¿dónde estás?
what's in that box? — ¿qué hay en esa caja?
who's in the movie? — ¿quién actúa or trabaja en la película?
how long are you in Chicago (for)? — (colloq) ¿cuánto (tiempo) te vas a quedar en Chicago ?
7) (only in perfect tenses) ( visit) estar*have you been to the exhibition yet? — ¿ya has estado en or has ido a la exposición?
2.
v impers1)a) (talking about physical conditions, circumstances)it's sunny/cold/hot — hace sol/frío/calor
it's so noisy/quiet in here! — qué ruido/silencio hay aquí!
I have enough problems as it is, without you... — yo ya tengo suficientes problemas sin que tú encima...
b) ( in expressions of time) ser*hi, Joe, it's been a long time — qué tal, Joe, tanto tiempo (sin verte)
c) ( talking about distance) estar*it's 500 miles from here to Detroit — Detroit queda or está a 500 millas de aquí
2)a) (introducing person, object) ser*it was me who told them — fui yo quien se lo dije or dijo, fui yo el que se lo dije or dijo
b) (in conditional use) ser*if it hadn't been o had it not been for Juan, we would have been killed — si no hubiera sido por Juan or de no ser por Juan, nos habríamos matado
3.
v aux1) to be -inga) ( used to describe action in progress) estar* + gerwhat was I saying? — ¿qué estaba diciendo?
she was leaving when... — se iba cuando...
how long have you been waiting? — ¿cuánto (tiempo) hace que esperas?, ¿cuánto (tiempo) llevas esperando?
b) ( with future reference)he is o will be arriving tomorrow — llega mañana
when are you seeing her? — ¿cuándo la vas a ver or la verás?
2) (in the passive voice) ser* [The passive voice, however, is less common in Spanish than it is in English]it was built in 1903 — fue construido en 1903, se construyó en 1903, lo construyeron en 1903
she was told that... — le dijeron or se le dijo que...
it is known that... — se sabe que...
3) to be to + infa) ( with future reference)if a solution is to be found... — si se quiere encontrar or si se ha de encontrar una solución...
b) ( expressing possibility)what are we to do? — ¿qué podemos hacer?
c) ( expressing obligation) deber* + inf, tener* que + inf, haber* de + inftell her she's to stay here — dile que debe quedarse or tiene que quedarse aquí, dile que se quede aquí
am I to understand that... ? — ¿debo entender que... ?
4) ( in hypotheses)what would happen if she were o was to die? — ¿qué pasaría si ella muriera?
5)she's right, isn't she? — tiene razón, ¿no? or ¿verdad? or ¿no es cierto?
so that's what you think, is it? — de manera que eso es lo que piensas
are you disappointed? - yes, I am/no, I'm not — ¿estás desilusionado? - sí (, lo estoy)/no (, no lo estoy)
she was told the news, and so was he/but I wasn't — a ella le dieron la noticia, y también a él/pero a mí no
I'm surprised, are/aren't you? — estoy sorprendido, ¿y tú?/¿tú no?
N ABBR(Econ) = bill of exchange L/C* * *[biːˌ] weak form [bi]
1.
2)a) (followed by an adjective)she's French/intelligent — es francesa/inteligente
he's worried/furious — está preocupado/furioso
he's blind — es or (Esp tb) está ciego
have you never had gazpacho? it's delicious! — ¿nunca has comido gazpacho? es delicioso!
the gazpacho is delicious, did you make it yourself? — el gazpacho está delicioso ¿lo hiciste tú?
she was very rude to me — estuvo or fue muy grosera conmigo
Tony is married/divorced/single — Tony está or (esp AmL) es casado/divorciado/soltero
to be married to somebody — estar* casado con alguien
3)a) (followed by a noun) ser*who was Prime Minister at the time? — ¿quién era Primer Ministro en ese momento?
it's me/Daniel — soy yo/es Daniel
if I were you, I'd stay — yo que tú or yo en tu lugar me quedaría
b) ( play the role of) hacer* de4)how are you? — ¿cómo estás?
I'm much better — estoy or me encuentro mucho mejor
she's pregnant/tired — está embarazada/cansada
I'm cold/hot/hungry/thirsty/sleepy — tengo frío/calor/hambre/sed/sueño
b) ( talking about age) tener*how old are you? — ¿cuántos años tienes?
he's a lot older/younger — es mucho mayor/menor
c) (giving cost, measurement, weight)how much is that? - that'll be $15, please — ¿cuánto es? - (son) 15 dólares, por favor
they are $15 each — cuestan or valen 15 dólares cada una
how tall/heavy is he? — ¿cuánto mide/pesa?
5)a) (exist, live)I think, therefore I am — pienso, luego existo
to let something/somebody be — dejar tranquilo or en paz algo/a alguien
b) ( in expressions of time)don't be too long — no tardes mucho, no (te) demores mucho (esp AmL)
I'm drying my hair, I won't be long — me estoy secando el pelo, enseguida estoy
how long will dinner be? — ¿cuánto falta para la cena?
c) ( take place) ser*6) (be situated, present) estar*where is the library? — ¿dónde está or queda la biblioteca?
where are you? — ¿dónde estás?
what's in that box? — ¿qué hay en esa caja?
who's in the movie? — ¿quién actúa or trabaja en la película?
how long are you in Chicago (for)? — (colloq) ¿cuánto (tiempo) te vas a quedar en Chicago ?
7) (only in perfect tenses) ( visit) estar*have you been to the exhibition yet? — ¿ya has estado en or has ido a la exposición?
2.
v impers1)a) (talking about physical conditions, circumstances)it's sunny/cold/hot — hace sol/frío/calor
it's so noisy/quiet in here! — qué ruido/silencio hay aquí!
I have enough problems as it is, without you... — yo ya tengo suficientes problemas sin que tú encima...
b) ( in expressions of time) ser*hi, Joe, it's been a long time — qué tal, Joe, tanto tiempo (sin verte)
c) ( talking about distance) estar*it's 500 miles from here to Detroit — Detroit queda or está a 500 millas de aquí
2)a) (introducing person, object) ser*it was me who told them — fui yo quien se lo dije or dijo, fui yo el que se lo dije or dijo
b) (in conditional use) ser*if it hadn't been o had it not been for Juan, we would have been killed — si no hubiera sido por Juan or de no ser por Juan, nos habríamos matado
3.
v aux1) to be -inga) ( used to describe action in progress) estar* + gerwhat was I saying? — ¿qué estaba diciendo?
she was leaving when... — se iba cuando...
how long have you been waiting? — ¿cuánto (tiempo) hace que esperas?, ¿cuánto (tiempo) llevas esperando?
b) ( with future reference)he is o will be arriving tomorrow — llega mañana
when are you seeing her? — ¿cuándo la vas a ver or la verás?
2) (in the passive voice) ser* [The passive voice, however, is less common in Spanish than it is in English]it was built in 1903 — fue construido en 1903, se construyó en 1903, lo construyeron en 1903
she was told that... — le dijeron or se le dijo que...
it is known that... — se sabe que...
3) to be to + infa) ( with future reference)if a solution is to be found... — si se quiere encontrar or si se ha de encontrar una solución...
b) ( expressing possibility)what are we to do? — ¿qué podemos hacer?
c) ( expressing obligation) deber* + inf, tener* que + inf, haber* de + inftell her she's to stay here — dile que debe quedarse or tiene que quedarse aquí, dile que se quede aquí
am I to understand that... ? — ¿debo entender que... ?
4) ( in hypotheses)what would happen if she were o was to die? — ¿qué pasaría si ella muriera?
5)she's right, isn't she? — tiene razón, ¿no? or ¿verdad? or ¿no es cierto?
so that's what you think, is it? — de manera que eso es lo que piensas
are you disappointed? - yes, I am/no, I'm not — ¿estás desilusionado? - sí (, lo estoy)/no (, no lo estoy)
she was told the news, and so was he/but I wasn't — a ella le dieron la noticia, y también a él/pero a mí no
I'm surprised, are/aren't you? — estoy sorprendido, ¿y tú?/¿tú no?
-
105 be
'bi: ɡi:( abbreviation) (Bachelor of Engineering; first degree in Engineering.) licenciatura en Ingenieríabe vb1. serwhat time is it? It's 3 o'clock ¿qué hora es? Son las treswho is it? It's me ¿quién es? Soy yo2. estarhow are you? I'm fine ¿cómo estás? estoy bienwhere is Pauline? ¿dónde está Pauline?how far is it? ¿a qué distancia está?what day is it today? ¿qué día es hoy? / ¿a qué día estamos?3. tenerhow old are you? I'm 16 ¿cuántos años tienes? tengo 16 años4. costar / valer / serhow much is it? ¿cuánto cuesta? / ¿cuánto vale? / ¿cuánto es?the tickets are £15 each las entradas valen 15 libras cada una5. hacer6. haberhow many children are there? ¿cuántos niños hay?Se usa también para construir el tiempo verbal llamado present continuous que indica una acción que está pasando en estos momentoswhat are you doing? ¿qué estás haciendo? / ¿qué haces?look, it's snowing mira, está nevando
be sustantivo femenino: name of the letter b, often called be largaor grande to distinguish it from v 'be' also found in these entries: Spanish: A - abasto - abate - abismo - abotargarse - abreviar - abrirse - absoluta - absoluto - abultar - abundar - aburrir - aburrirse - acabose - acariciar - acaso - acertar - achantarse - acometer - acostada - acostado - acostumbrar - acostumbrada - acostumbrado - acreditar - activa - activo - adelantar - adelantarse - adentro - adivinarse - admirarse - adolecer - aferrarse - afianzarse - aficionada - aficionado - afligirse - agonizar - agotarse - agradecer - agua - ahogarse - ahora - aire - ajo - ala - alarmarse - alcanzar - alegrarse English: aback - abate - about - absent - accordance - account for - accountable - accustom - acquaint - action - addicted - address - adequate - adjust - admit - affiliated - afford - afraid - agenda - agree - agreement - ahead - air - airsick - alert - alive - alone - along - aloof - alphabetically - always - am - ambition - amenable - amusing - anathema - annoyance - anomaly - anxious - apologetic - appal - appall - are - arm - around - arrears - as - ashamed - aspire - assertbetr[biː]intransitive verb (pres 1ª pers am, 2ª pers sing y todas del pl are, 3ª pers sing is; pt 1ª y 3ª pers sing was, 2ª pers sing y todas del pl; pp been)2 (essential quality) ser3 (nationality) ser4 (occupation) ser5 (origin) ser6 (ownership) ser7 (authorship) ser8 (composition) ser9 (use) ser10 (location) estar11 (temporary state) estar■ how are you? ¿cómo estás?12 (age) tener13 (price) costar, valer■ a single ticket is £9.50 un billete de ida cuesta £9.5014 tener■ he's hot/cold tiene calor/frío■ we're hungry/thirsty tenemos hambre/sed1 (passive) ser■ she was arrested at the border fue detenida en la frontera, la detuvieron en la frontera■ he's hated by everybody es odiado por todos, todos lo odian■ he was discharged fue dado de alta, lo dieron de alta■ the house has been sold la casa ha sido vendida, la casa se ha vendido, han vendido la casa■ thirty children were injured treinta niños fueron heridos, treinta niños resultaron heridos■ the two areas of the town are divided by a wall las dos zonas de la ciudad están divididas por un muro1 (obligation) deber, tener que1 (future)phrase there is / there are1 hay■ is there much traffic ¿hay mucho tráfico?1 había■ were there many people? ¿había mucha gente?1 habrá1 habría■ if Mike came, there would be ten of us si viniera Mike, seríamos diez\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be about to «+ inf» estar para + inf, estar a punto de + infto be or not to be ser o no serbe ['bi:] v, was ['wəz, 'wɑz] ; were ['wər] ; been ['bɪn] ; being ; am ['æm] ; is ['ɪz] ; are ['ɑr] viJosé is a doctor: José es doctorI'm Ana's sister: soy la hermana de Anathe tree is tall: el árbol es altoyou're silly!: ¡eres tonto!she's from Managua: es de Managuait's mine: es míomy mother is at home: mi madre está en casathe cups are on the table: las tazas están en la mesato be or not to be: ser, o no serI think, therefore I am: pienso, luego existohow are you?: ¿cómo estás?I'm cold: tengo fríoshe's 10 years old: tiene 10 añosthey're both sick: están enfermos los dosbe v impersit's eight o'clock: son las ochoit's Friday: hoy es viernesit's sunny: hace solit's very dark outside: está bien oscuro afuerabe v auxwhat are you doing? -I'm working: ¿qué haces? -estoy trabajandoit was finished yesterday: fue acabado ayer, se acabó ayerit was cooked in the oven: se cocinó en el hornocan she be trusted?: ¿se puede confiar en ella?you are to stay here: debes quedarte aquíhe was to come yesterday: se esperaba que viniese ayerbev.(§ p.,p.p.: was, were, been) = estar v.(§pres: estoy, estás...) pret: estuv-•)• ser v.(§pres: soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son) subj: se-imp: er-fu-•)biːˌ weak form bi
1.
2)a) (followed by an adjective)she's French/intelligent — es francesa/inteligente
he's worried/furious — está preocupado/furioso
he's blind — es or (Esp tb) está ciego
have you never had gazpacho? it's delicious! — ¿nunca has comido gazpacho? es delicioso!
the gazpacho is delicious, did you make it yourself? — el gazpacho está delicioso ¿lo hiciste tú?
she was very rude to me — estuvo or fue muy grosera conmigo
Tony is married/divorced/single — Tony está or (esp AmL) es casado/divorciado/soltero
to be married to somebody — estar* casado con alguien
3)a) (followed by a noun) ser*who was Prime Minister at the time? — ¿quién era Primer Ministro en ese momento?
it's me/Daniel — soy yo/es Daniel
if I were you, I'd stay — yo que tú or yo en tu lugar me quedaría
b) ( play the role of) hacer* de4)how are you? — ¿cómo estás?
I'm much better — estoy or me encuentro mucho mejor
she's pregnant/tired — está embarazada/cansada
I'm cold/hot/hungry/thirsty/sleepy — tengo frío/calor/hambre/sed/sueño
b) ( talking about age) tener*how old are you? — ¿cuántos años tienes?
he's a lot older/younger — es mucho mayor/menor
c) (giving cost, measurement, weight)how much is that? - that'll be $15, please — ¿cuánto es? - (son) 15 dólares, por favor
they are $15 each — cuestan or valen 15 dólares cada una
how tall/heavy is he? — ¿cuánto mide/pesa?
5)a) (exist, live)I think, therefore I am — pienso, luego existo
to let something/somebody be — dejar tranquilo or en paz algo/a alguien
b) ( in expressions of time)don't be too long — no tardes mucho, no (te) demores mucho (esp AmL)
I'm drying my hair, I won't be long — me estoy secando el pelo, enseguida estoy
how long will dinner be? — ¿cuánto falta para la cena?
c) ( take place) ser*6) (be situated, present) estar*where is the library? — ¿dónde está or queda la biblioteca?
where are you? — ¿dónde estás?
what's in that box? — ¿qué hay en esa caja?
who's in the movie? — ¿quién actúa or trabaja en la película?
how long are you in Chicago (for)? — (colloq) ¿cuánto (tiempo) te vas a quedar en Chicago ?
7) (only in perfect tenses) ( visit) estar*have you been to the exhibition yet? — ¿ya has estado en or has ido a la exposición?
2.
v impers1)a) (talking about physical conditions, circumstances)it's sunny/cold/hot — hace sol/frío/calor
it's so noisy/quiet in here! — qué ruido/silencio hay aquí!
I have enough problems as it is, without you... — yo ya tengo suficientes problemas sin que tú encima...
b) ( in expressions of time) ser*hi, Joe, it's been a long time — qué tal, Joe, tanto tiempo (sin verte)
c) ( talking about distance) estar*it's 500 miles from here to Detroit — Detroit queda or está a 500 millas de aquí
2)a) (introducing person, object) ser*it was me who told them — fui yo quien se lo dije or dijo, fui yo el que se lo dije or dijo
b) (in conditional use) ser*if it hadn't been o had it not been for Juan, we would have been killed — si no hubiera sido por Juan or de no ser por Juan, nos habríamos matado
3.
v aux1) to be -inga) ( used to describe action in progress) estar* + gerwhat was I saying? — ¿qué estaba diciendo?
she was leaving when... — se iba cuando...
how long have you been waiting? — ¿cuánto (tiempo) hace que esperas?, ¿cuánto (tiempo) llevas esperando?
b) ( with future reference)he is o will be arriving tomorrow — llega mañana
when are you seeing her? — ¿cuándo la vas a ver or la verás?
2) (in the passive voice) ser* [The passive voice, however, is less common in Spanish than it is in English]it was built in 1903 — fue construido en 1903, se construyó en 1903, lo construyeron en 1903
she was told that... — le dijeron or se le dijo que...
it is known that... — se sabe que...
3) to be to + infa) ( with future reference)if a solution is to be found... — si se quiere encontrar or si se ha de encontrar una solución...
b) ( expressing possibility)what are we to do? — ¿qué podemos hacer?
c) ( expressing obligation) deber* + inf, tener* que + inf, haber* de + inftell her she's to stay here — dile que debe quedarse or tiene que quedarse aquí, dile que se quede aquí
am I to understand that... ? — ¿debo entender que... ?
4) ( in hypotheses)what would happen if she were o was to die? — ¿qué pasaría si ella muriera?
5)she's right, isn't she? — tiene razón, ¿no? or ¿verdad? or ¿no es cierto?
so that's what you think, is it? — de manera que eso es lo que piensas
are you disappointed? - yes, I am/no, I'm not — ¿estás desilusionado? - sí (, lo estoy)/no (, no lo estoy)
she was told the news, and so was he/but I wasn't — a ella le dieron la noticia, y también a él/pero a mí no
[biː] (present am, is or are pt was or were pp been)I'm surprised, are/aren't you? — estoy sorprendido, ¿y tú?/¿tú no?
1. INTRANSITIVE VERB1) (linking nouns, noun phrases, pronouns) serit's me! — ¡soy yo!
who wants to be Hamlet? — ¿quién quiere hacer de or ser Hamlet?
if I were you... — yo en tu lugar..., yo que tú... *
2) (possession) serUse [estar] with past participles used as adjectives describing the results of an action or process:it's round/enormous — es redondo/enorme
4) (changeable or temporary state) estarshe's bored/ill — está aburrida/enferma
how are you? — ¿cómo estás?, ¿qué tal estás?
how are you now? — ¿qué tal te encuentras ahora?
In certain expressions where English uses [be] + adjective to describe feelings ([be cold]/[hot]/[hungry]/[thirsty]), Spanish uses [tener] with a noun:I'm very well, thanks — estoy muy bien, gracias
I'm cold/hot — tengo frío/calor
I'm hungry/thirsty — tengo hambre/sed
afraid, sleepy, rightbe good! — ¡pórtate bien!
5) (age)"how old is she?" - "she's nine" — -¿cuántos años tiene? -tiene nueve años
6) (=take place) ser7) (=be situated) estarit's on the table — está sobre or en la mesa
where is the Town Hall? — ¿dónde está or queda el ayuntamiento?
it's 5 km to the village — el pueblo está or queda a 5 kilómetros
we've been here for ages — hace mucho tiempo que estamos aquí, llevamos aquí mucho tiempo, estamos aquí desde hace mucho tiempo
•
here you are(, take it) — aquí tienes(, tómalo)•
there's the church — ahí está la iglesiaa) (referring to weather) hacerit's hot/cold — hace calor/frío
b) (referring to time, date etc) serwake up, it's morning — despierta, es de día
what's the date (today)? — ¿qué fecha es hoy?
But note the following alternatives with [estar]:it's 3 May or the 3rd of May — es 3 de mayo
it's 3 May or the 3rd of May — estamos a 3 de mayo
c) (asking and giving opinion) seris it certain that...? — ¿es verdad or cierto que...?
is it fair that she should be punished while...? — ¿es justo que se la castigue mientras que...?
it is possible that he'll come — es posible que venga, puede (ser) que venga
it is unbelievable that... — es increíble que...
it's not clear whether... — no está claro si...
d) (emphatic) serwhy is it that she's so successful? — ¿cómo es que tiene tanto éxito?, ¿por qué tiene tanto éxito?
it was then that... — fue entonces cuando...
9) (=exist) haberthere is/are — hay
what is (there) in that room? — ¿qué hay en esa habitación?
is there anyone at home? — ¿hay alguien en casa?
there being no alternative solution... — al no haber or no habiendo otra solución...
let there be light! — ¡hágase la luz!
See:THERE IS, THERE ARE in there10) (=cost)how much was it? — ¿cuánto costó?
the book is £20 — el libro vale or cuesta 20 libras
how much is it? — ¿cuánto es?; (when paying) ¿qué le debo? frm
11) (=visit)has the postman been? — ¿ha venido el cartero?
have you ever been to Glasgow? — ¿has estado en Glasgow alguna vez?
12) (in noun compounds) futuro•
my wife to be — mi futura esposa•
been and * —you've been and done it now! — ¡buena la has hecho! *
that dog of yours has been and dug up my flowers! — ¡tu perro ha ido y me ha destrozado las flores!
•
you're busy enough as it is — estás bastante ocupado ya con lo que tienes, ya tienes suficiente trabajo•
if it hadn't been for..., if it hadn't been for you or frm had it not been for you, we would have lost — si no hubiera sido por ti or de no haber sido por ti, habríamos perdido•
let me be! — ¡déjame en paz!•
if that's what you want to do, then so be it — si eso es lo que quieres hacer, adelante•
what is it to you? * — ¿a ti qué te importa?2. AUXILIARY VERB1) (forming passive) serThe passive is not used as often in Spanish as in English, active and reflexive constructions often being preferred:it is said that... — dicen que..., se dice que...
she was killed in a car crash — murió en un accidente de coche, resultó muerta en un accidente de coche frm
what's to be done? — ¿qué hay que hacer?
•
it's a film not to be missed — es una película que no hay que perderse•
we searched everywhere for him, but he was nowhere to be seen — lo buscamos por todas partes pero no lo encontramos en ningún sitio2) (forming continuous) estarUse the present simple to talk about planned future events and the construction to talk about intention:what are you doing? — ¿qué estás haciendo?, ¿qué haces?
"it's a pity you aren't coming with us" - "but I am coming!" — -¡qué pena que no vengas con nosotros! -¡sí que voy!
will you be seeing her tomorrow? — ¿la verás or la vas a ver mañana?
will you be needing more? — ¿vas a necesitar más?
The imperfect tense can be used for continuous action in the past: for, sinceI'll be seeing you — hasta luego, nos vemos (esp LAm)
a)"he's going to complain about you" - "oh, is he?" — -va a quejarse de ti -¿ah, sí?
"I'm worried" - "so am I" — -estoy preocupado -yo también
"I'm not ready" - "neither am I" — -no estoy listo -yo tampoco
"you're tired" - "no, I'm not" — -estás cansado -no, ¡qué va!
"you're not eating enough" - "yes I am" — -no comes lo suficiente -que sí
"they're getting married" - "oh, are they?" — (showing surprise) -se casan -¿ah, sí? or -¡no me digas!
"he isn't very happy" - "oh, isn't he?" — -no está muy contento -¿ah, no?
"he's always late, isn't he?" - "yes, he is" — -siempre llega tarde, ¿verdad? -(pues) sí
"is it what you expected?" - "no, it isn't" — -¿es esto lo que esperabas? -(pues) no
"she's pretty" - "no, she isn't" — -es guapa -¡qué va!
he's handsome, isn't he? — es guapo, ¿verdad?, es guapo, ¿no?, es guapo, ¿no es cierto?
it was fun, wasn't it? — fue divertido, ¿verdad?, fue divertido, ¿no?
she wasn't happy, was she? — no era feliz, ¿verdad?
so he's back again, is he? — así que ha vuelto, ¿eh?
you're not ill, are you? — ¿no estarás enfermo?
3. MODAL VERB(with infinitive construction)1) (=must, have to)he's not to open it — no debe abrirlo, que no lo abra
I am to do it — he de hacerlo yo, soy yo el que debe hacerlo
I wasn't to tell you his name — no podía or debía decirte su nombre
2) (=should) deberam I to understand that...? — ¿debo entender que...?
she wrote "My Life", not to be confused with Bernstein's book of the same name — escribió "Mi Vida", que no debe confundirse con la obra de Bernstein que lleva el mismo título
he was to have come yesterday — tenía que or debía haber venido ayer
3) (=will)4) (=can)if it was or were to snow... — si nevase or nevara...
BEif I were to leave the job, would you replace me? — si yo dejara el puesto, ¿me sustituirías?
"Ser" or "estar"?
You can use "ser": ► when defining or identifying by linking two nouns or noun phrases:
Paris is the capital of France París es la capital de Francia
He was the most hated man in the village Era el hombre más odiado del pueblo ► to describe essential or inherent characteristics (e.g. colour, material, nationality, race, shape, size {etc}):
His mother is German Su madre es alemana
She was blonde Era rubia ► with most impersonal expressions not involving past participles:
It is important to be on time Es importante llegar a tiempo
Está claro que is an exception:
It is obvious you don't understand Está claro que no lo entiendes ► when telling the time or talking about time or age:
It is ten o'clock Son las diez
It's very late. Let's go home Es muy tarde. Vamos a casa
He lived in the country when he was young Vivió en el campo cuando era joven ► to indicate possession or duty:
It's mine Es mío
This is your responsibility Este asunto es responsabilidad tuya ► with events in the sense of "take place":
The 1992 Olympic Games were in Barcelona Los Juegos Olímpicos de 1992 fueron en Barcelona
"Where is the exam?" - "It's in Room 1" "¿Dónde es el examen?" - "Es en el Aula Número 1" NOTE: Compare this usage with that of estar (see below) to talk about location of places, objects and people.
You can use "estar": ► to talk about location of places, objects and people:
"Where is Zaragoza?" - "It's in Spain" "¿Dónde está Zaragoza?" - "Está en España"
Your glasses are on the bedside table Tus gafas están en la mesilla de noche NOTE: But use ser with events in the sense of "take place" (see above)}. ► to talk about changeable state, condition or mood:
The teacher is ill La profesora está enferma
The coffee's cold El café está frío
How happy I am! ¡Qué contento estoy! NOTE: Feliz, however, which is seen as more permanent than contento, is used mainly with ser. ► to form progressive tenses:
We're having lunch. Is it ok if I call you later? Estamos comiendo. Te llamaré luego, ¿vale?
Both "ser" and "estar" can be used with past participles ► Use ser in {passive} constructions:
This play was written by Lorca Esta obra fue escrita por Lorca
He was shot dead (by a terrorist group) Fue asesinado a tiros (por un grupo terrorista) NOTE: The passive is not used as often in Spanish as it is in English. ► Use estar with past participles to describe the {results} of a previous action or event:
We threw them away because they were broken Los tiramos a la basura porque estaban rotos
He's dead Está muerto ► Compare the use of ser + ((past participle)) which describes {action} and estar + ((past participle)) which describes {result} in the following:
The window was broken by the firemen La ventana fue rota por los bomberos
The window was broken La ventana estaba rota
It was painted around 1925 Fue pintado hacia 1925
The floor is painted a dark colour El suelo está pintado de color oscuro ► Ser and estar are both used in impersonal expressions with past participles. As above, the use of ser implies {action} while the use of estar implies {result}:
It is understood that the work was never finished Es sabido que el trabajo nunca se llegó a terminar
It is a proven fact that vaccinations save many lives Está demostrado que las vacunas salvan muchas vidas
"Ser" and "estar" with adjectives ► Some adjectives can be used with both ser and estar but the meaning changes completely depending on the verb:
He's clever Es listo
Are you ready? ¿Estás listo?
Chemistry is boring La química es aburrida
I'm bored Estoy aburrido ► Other adjectives can also be used with both verbs but the use of ser describes a {characteristic} while the use of estar implies a {change}:
He's very handsome Es muy guapo
You look great in that dress! Estás muy guapa con ese vestido
He's slim Es delgado
You're (looking) very slim ¡Estás muy delgada! For further uses and examples, see main entry* * *[biːˌ] weak form [bi]
1.
2)a) (followed by an adjective)she's French/intelligent — es francesa/inteligente
he's worried/furious — está preocupado/furioso
he's blind — es or (Esp tb) está ciego
have you never had gazpacho? it's delicious! — ¿nunca has comido gazpacho? es delicioso!
the gazpacho is delicious, did you make it yourself? — el gazpacho está delicioso ¿lo hiciste tú?
she was very rude to me — estuvo or fue muy grosera conmigo
Tony is married/divorced/single — Tony está or (esp AmL) es casado/divorciado/soltero
to be married to somebody — estar* casado con alguien
3)a) (followed by a noun) ser*who was Prime Minister at the time? — ¿quién era Primer Ministro en ese momento?
it's me/Daniel — soy yo/es Daniel
if I were you, I'd stay — yo que tú or yo en tu lugar me quedaría
b) ( play the role of) hacer* de4)how are you? — ¿cómo estás?
I'm much better — estoy or me encuentro mucho mejor
she's pregnant/tired — está embarazada/cansada
I'm cold/hot/hungry/thirsty/sleepy — tengo frío/calor/hambre/sed/sueño
b) ( talking about age) tener*how old are you? — ¿cuántos años tienes?
he's a lot older/younger — es mucho mayor/menor
c) (giving cost, measurement, weight)how much is that? - that'll be $15, please — ¿cuánto es? - (son) 15 dólares, por favor
they are $15 each — cuestan or valen 15 dólares cada una
how tall/heavy is he? — ¿cuánto mide/pesa?
5)a) (exist, live)I think, therefore I am — pienso, luego existo
to let something/somebody be — dejar tranquilo or en paz algo/a alguien
b) ( in expressions of time)don't be too long — no tardes mucho, no (te) demores mucho (esp AmL)
I'm drying my hair, I won't be long — me estoy secando el pelo, enseguida estoy
how long will dinner be? — ¿cuánto falta para la cena?
c) ( take place) ser*6) (be situated, present) estar*where is the library? — ¿dónde está or queda la biblioteca?
where are you? — ¿dónde estás?
what's in that box? — ¿qué hay en esa caja?
who's in the movie? — ¿quién actúa or trabaja en la película?
how long are you in Chicago (for)? — (colloq) ¿cuánto (tiempo) te vas a quedar en Chicago ?
7) (only in perfect tenses) ( visit) estar*have you been to the exhibition yet? — ¿ya has estado en or has ido a la exposición?
2.
v impers1)a) (talking about physical conditions, circumstances)it's sunny/cold/hot — hace sol/frío/calor
it's so noisy/quiet in here! — qué ruido/silencio hay aquí!
I have enough problems as it is, without you... — yo ya tengo suficientes problemas sin que tú encima...
b) ( in expressions of time) ser*hi, Joe, it's been a long time — qué tal, Joe, tanto tiempo (sin verte)
c) ( talking about distance) estar*it's 500 miles from here to Detroit — Detroit queda or está a 500 millas de aquí
2)a) (introducing person, object) ser*it was me who told them — fui yo quien se lo dije or dijo, fui yo el que se lo dije or dijo
b) (in conditional use) ser*if it hadn't been o had it not been for Juan, we would have been killed — si no hubiera sido por Juan or de no ser por Juan, nos habríamos matado
3.
v aux1) to be -inga) ( used to describe action in progress) estar* + gerwhat was I saying? — ¿qué estaba diciendo?
she was leaving when... — se iba cuando...
how long have you been waiting? — ¿cuánto (tiempo) hace que esperas?, ¿cuánto (tiempo) llevas esperando?
b) ( with future reference)he is o will be arriving tomorrow — llega mañana
when are you seeing her? — ¿cuándo la vas a ver or la verás?
2) (in the passive voice) ser* [The passive voice, however, is less common in Spanish than it is in English]it was built in 1903 — fue construido en 1903, se construyó en 1903, lo construyeron en 1903
she was told that... — le dijeron or se le dijo que...
it is known that... — se sabe que...
3) to be to + infa) ( with future reference)if a solution is to be found... — si se quiere encontrar or si se ha de encontrar una solución...
b) ( expressing possibility)what are we to do? — ¿qué podemos hacer?
c) ( expressing obligation) deber* + inf, tener* que + inf, haber* de + inftell her she's to stay here — dile que debe quedarse or tiene que quedarse aquí, dile que se quede aquí
am I to understand that... ? — ¿debo entender que... ?
4) ( in hypotheses)what would happen if she were o was to die? — ¿qué pasaría si ella muriera?
5)she's right, isn't she? — tiene razón, ¿no? or ¿verdad? or ¿no es cierto?
so that's what you think, is it? — de manera que eso es lo que piensas
are you disappointed? - yes, I am/no, I'm not — ¿estás desilusionado? - sí (, lo estoy)/no (, no lo estoy)
she was told the news, and so was he/but I wasn't — a ella le dieron la noticia, y también a él/pero a mí no
I'm surprised, are/aren't you? — estoy sorprendido, ¿y tú?/¿tú no?
-
106 behind
1. preposition1) (at or towards the back of: behind the door.) detrás de2) (remaining after: The tourists left their litter behind them.) tras3) (in support: We're right behind him on this point.) con
2. adverb1) (at the back: following behind.) detrás2) ((also behindhand -hænd) not up to date: behind with his work.) atrasado, retrasado3) (remaining: He left his book behind; We stayed behind after the party.) dejar; quedarse
3. noun(the buttocks: a smack on the behind.) traserobehind1 adv1. detrás / atrásthe children went on ahead and the grown ups walked behind los niños se adelantaron y los mayores fueron detrás2. atrasadoto leave behind dejar / olvidarsebehind2 n trasero / culobehind3 prep detrás dehe's behind you! ¡está detrás de ti!tr[bɪ'haɪnd]1 detrás de1 detrás, atrás2 (late) atrasado,-a1 familiar (buttocks) trasero\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLbehind somebody's back a espaldas de alguiento be behind schedule estar atrasado,-abehind the scenes entre bastidoresto be behind the times ser anticuado,-ato attack somebody from behind atacar a alguien por la espalda■ when they went back to England they had to leave their dog behind cuando regresaron a Inglaterra tuvieron que dejar su perroto fall behind quedarse atrásto put something behind one (events, worries,) olvidarse de algo, dejar de lado algo■ put your problems behind you! ¡olvídate de tus problemas!to look behind mirar hacia atrásto stay behind quedarseto be behind somebody figurative use apoyar a alguiento be behind something figurative use ser el/la responsable de algo, estar detrás de algobehind [bɪ'haɪnd] adv: atrás, detrásto fall behind: quedarse atrásbehind prep1) : atrás de, detrás de, trasbehind the house: detrás de la casaone behind another: uno tras otro2) : atrasado con, después debehind schedule: atrasado con el trabajoI arrived behind the others: llegué después de los otros3) supporting: en apoyo de, detrásadv.• atrás adv.• detrás adv.• hacia atrás adv.• redro adv.• tras adv.n.• culo s.m.prep.• detrás de prep.• pos prep.• tras prep.
I bɪ'haɪnd1)a) ( to the rear of) detrás de, atrás de (AmL)we're ten years behind the Japanese in microelectronics — en microelectrónica llevamos un retraso de diez años respecto a los japoneses
b) ( on the other side of) detrás de, atrás de (AmL)2)a) ( responsible for) detrás deb) ( underlying)the theory behind it is that... — la teoría sobre la que se basa es que...
3) ( in support of)4)a) ( to one's name) a sus (or mis etc) espaldas, en su (or mi etc) habershe has four years' experience behind her — tiene cuatro años de experiencia a sus espaldas or en su haber
b) ( in time)I'm behind schedule — voy retrasado or atrasado (con el trabajo or los preparativos etc)
II
a) (to the rear, following)I want the small children here and the taller ones behind — que los niños pequeños se pongan aquí y los más altos detrás or (AmL tb) atrás
keep an eye on the car behind — no pierdas de vista al coche de atrás; see also stay behind
b) (in race, competition)c) ( in arrears)I'm behind with my work/payments — estoy atrasada con el trabajo/en los pagos; see also fall, get behind
d) ( in time)
III
noun (colloq & euph) trasero m (fam)[bɪ'haɪnd] When behind is an element in a phrasal verb, eg fall behind, stay behind, look up the verb.1. PREP1) (=to the rear of) detrás delook behind you! — ¡cuidado atrás!
2) (=responsible for) detrás dewhat's behind all this? — ¿qué hay detrás de todo esto?
3) (=less advanced than)we're well behind them in technology — nos dejan muy atrás or estamos muy a la zaga de ellos en tecnología
4) (=supporting)5) (=in the past of)6) (=to one's credit)2. ADV1) (=in or at the rear) detrás, atrás2) (=behind schedule)3) (=less advanced)3.N * trasero m* * *
I [bɪ'haɪnd]1)a) ( to the rear of) detrás de, atrás de (AmL)we're ten years behind the Japanese in microelectronics — en microelectrónica llevamos un retraso de diez años respecto a los japoneses
b) ( on the other side of) detrás de, atrás de (AmL)2)a) ( responsible for) detrás deb) ( underlying)the theory behind it is that... — la teoría sobre la que se basa es que...
3) ( in support of)4)a) ( to one's name) a sus (or mis etc) espaldas, en su (or mi etc) habershe has four years' experience behind her — tiene cuatro años de experiencia a sus espaldas or en su haber
b) ( in time)I'm behind schedule — voy retrasado or atrasado (con el trabajo or los preparativos etc)
II
a) (to the rear, following)I want the small children here and the taller ones behind — que los niños pequeños se pongan aquí y los más altos detrás or (AmL tb) atrás
keep an eye on the car behind — no pierdas de vista al coche de atrás; see also stay behind
b) (in race, competition)c) ( in arrears)I'm behind with my work/payments — estoy atrasada con el trabajo/en los pagos; see also fall, get behind
d) ( in time)
III
noun (colloq & euph) trasero m (fam) -
107 below
bə'ləu
1. preposition(lower in position, rank, standard etc than: She hurt her leg below the knee; His work is below standard.) debajo (de); por debajo
2. adverb(in a lower place: We looked at the houses (down) below.) de abajobelow1 adv abajowho lives on the floor below? ¿quién vive en el piso de abajo?below2 prep bajo / debajo de / por debajo detr[bɪ'ləʊ]1 debajo de, bajo2 por debajo (de)3 (lower than) bajo1 abajo2 de abajo\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLbelow sea-level por debajo del nivel del marsee below véase abajothat was a bit below the belt fue un golpe bajobelow [bɪ'lo:] adv: abajobelow prep1) : abajo de, debajo debelow the window: debajo de la ventana2) : por debajo de, bajobelow average: por debajo del promedio5 degrees below zero: 5 grados bajo ceroadv.• abajo adv.• bajo adv.• debajo adv.• debajo de adv.prep.• debajo de prep.• inferior a prep.
I bɪ'ləʊ1) ( under) debajo de, abajo de (AmL)the room directly below this one — la habitación justo debajo or (AmL tb) abajo de ésta
500m below the surface — a 500m bajo la superficie or por debajo de la superficie
2) (inferior, junior to) por debajo de3) ( less than) por debajo debelow average — inferior a or por debajo de la media
if you earn below $15,000 a year — si ganas menos de 15.000 dólares al año
II
1) ( underneath) abajodown below we could see... — abajo veíamos...
2) ( in text) más abajo3) ( of temperature)[bɪ'lǝʊ] When below is an element in a phrasal verb, eg go below, look up the verb.1. PREP1) (=under) debajo de, bajobelow the bed — debajo de la cama, bajo la cama
their readership has dropped to below 18,000 — el número de lectores que tenían ha descendido por debajo de los 18.000
•
below average — inferior al promedio, inferior a or por debajo de la media•
below freezing (point) — bajo cero•
below the surface — por debajo de la superficie, bajo la superficie2) (Geog) (=downstream of) más abajo de2. ADV1) (=beneath) abajobelow, we could see the valley — abajo podíamos ver el valle
decisions occur at departmental level or below — las decisiones se toman a nivel de departamento o a un nivel inferior
•
down below — abajo•
far below — mucho más abajo•
from below — desde abajo•
immediately below — justamente debajo3) (Naut) (also: below deck) abajo•
to go below — bajar* * *
I [bɪ'ləʊ]1) ( under) debajo de, abajo de (AmL)the room directly below this one — la habitación justo debajo or (AmL tb) abajo de ésta
500m below the surface — a 500m bajo la superficie or por debajo de la superficie
2) (inferior, junior to) por debajo de3) ( less than) por debajo debelow average — inferior a or por debajo de la media
if you earn below $15,000 a year — si ganas menos de 15.000 dólares al año
II
1) ( underneath) abajodown below we could see... — abajo veíamos...
2) ( in text) más abajo3) ( of temperature) -
108 by
1. preposition1) (next to; near; at the side of: by the door; He sat by his sister.) junto a2) (past: going by the house.) (por) delante3) (through; along; across: We came by the main road.) por4) (used (in the passive voice) to show the person or thing which performs an action: struck by a stone.) por5) (using: He's going to contact us by letter; We travelled by train.) por, en6) (from; through the means of: I met her by chance; by post.) por7) ((of time) not later than: by 6 o'clock.) para8) (during the time of.) de9) (to the extent of: taller by ten centimetres.) de, por10) (used to give measurements etc: 4 metres by 2 metres.) por11) (in quantities of: fruit sold by the kilo.) por12) (in respect of: a teacher by profession.) de
2. adverb1) (near: They stood by and watched.) al lado (de)2) (past: A dog ran by.) por ahí3) (aside; away: money put by for an emergency.) apartado•- bypass
3. verb(to avoid (a place) by taking such a road.) desviar- bystander
- by and by
- by and large
- by oneself
- by the way
by1 advby expresa la idea de pasar cerca, pero sin detenersehe saw me, but he passed by without saying a word me vio, pero pasó sin decirme ni una palabraby2 prep1. porhe was attacked by a dog fue atacado por un perro / un perro lo atacó2. junto a / al lado deshe sat by me se sentó a mi lado / se sentó junto a mí3. de4. en5. para6. a7. concan I pay by credit card? ¿puedo pagar con tarjeta?8. a base debytr[baɪ]1 (agent) por2 (means) por■ by air/road por avión/carretera3 (showing difference) por4 (not later than) para5 (during) de■ by day/night de día/noche6 (near) junto a, al lado de7 (according to) según8 (measurements) por9 (rate) por10 SMALLMATHEMATICS/SMALL por11 (progression) a12 (in sets) en1 al lado, delante\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto go by pasar delanteby and by con el tiempoby the by a propósitoby oneself solo,-aby ['baɪ] adv1) near: cercahe lives close by: vive muy cerca2)to stop by : pasar por casa, hacer una visita3)to go by : pasarthey rushed by: pasaron corriendo4)to put by : reservar, poner a un lado5)by and by : poco después, dentro de poco6)by and large : en generalby prep1) near: cerca de, al lado de, junto a2) via: porshe left by the door: salió por la puerta3) past: por, por delante dethey walked by him: pasaron por delante de él4) during: de, duranteby night: de nochewe'll be there by ten: estaremos allí para las diezby then: para entoncesbuilt by the Romans: construido por los romanosa book by Borges: un libro de Borgesmade by hand: hecho a manobyadv.• a un lado adv.• aparte adv.prep.• al lado de prep.• de prep.• de acuerdo con prep.• para prep.• por prep.• según prep.
I baɪ1)a) ( not later than)will it be ready by 5? — ¿estará listo para las 5?
by the time he arrived, Ann had left — cuando llegó, Ann se había ido
b) (during, at)by day/night — de día/noche
2)a) (at the side of, near to) al lado de, junto acome and sit by me — ven a sentarte a mi lado or junto a mí
b) ( to hand) (AmE)3)a) ( past)I said hello, but he walked right by me — lo saludé pero él pasó de largo
b) (via, through) porby land/sea/air — por tierra/mar/avión
4) (indicating agent, cause) (with passive verbs) por [The passive voice is, however, less common in Spanish than it is in English]she was brought up by her grandmother — la crió su abuela, fue criada por su abuela
5)a) (indicating means, method)to pay by credit card — pagar* con tarjeta de crédito
to navigate by the stars — guiarse* por las estrellas
by -ing: you won't get anywhere by shouting no vas a conseguir nada con gritar; I'll begin by introducing myself — empezaré por presentarme
b) (owing to, from)he had two children by his second wife — tuvo dos hijos con or de su segunda mujer
by -ing: by specializing, she has limited her options al especializarse, ha restringido sus posibilidades; they have lost public support by being too extreme — han perdido apoyo popular por ser demasiado extremistas
6)a) ( according to)by the look of things — por lo visto or al parecer
b) (in oaths)I swear by Almighty God... — juro por Dios Todopoderoso...
by God, you'll be sorry you said that! — te juro que te vas a arrepentir de haber dicho eso
7)a) ( indicating rate) porshe broke the record by several seconds — batió el récord en or por varios segundos
little by little — poco a poco, de a poco (CS)
8) ( Math) pordivide six by three — divide seis por or entre tres
9) ( in compass directions)10)by oneself — (alone, without assistance) solo
I need to be by myself — necesito estar solo or a solas
II
a) ( past)b) (aside, in reserve)c) ( to somebody's residence)call o stop by on your way to work — pasa por casa de camino al trabajo
d) (in phrases)[baɪ] When by is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg go by, stand by, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg by chance, by degrees, by half, look up the other word.by and by: by and by they came to the clearing al poco rato llegaron al claro; it's going to rain by and by va a llover dentro de poco; by and large por lo general, en general; by the by — see bye I
1. PREPOSITION1) (=close to) al lado de, junto athe house by the church — la casa que está al lado de or junto a la iglesia
come and sit by me — ven y siéntate a mi lado or junto a mí
"where's the bank?" - "it's by the post office" — -¿dónde está el banco? -está al lado de or junto a la oficina de correos
2) (=via) porhe came in by the back door/by the window — entró por la puerta de atrás/por la ventana
which route did you come by? — ¿por dónde or por qué camino or por qué ruta viniste?
3) (=past) por delante de4) (=during)by day he's a bank clerk and by night he's a security guard — de día es un empleado de banco y de noche es guarda de seguridad
a) (=not later than) paracan you finish it by tomorrow? — ¿puedes terminarlo para mañana?
I'll be back by midnight — estaré de vuelta antes de or para la medianoche
applications must be submitted by 21 April — las solicitudes deben presentarse antes del 21 de abril
•
by the time I got there it was too late — cuando llegué ya era demasiado tarde•
by that time or by then I knew — para entonces ya lo sabíab) (in year, on date, on day)by tomorrow/Tuesday, I'll be in France — mañana/el martes ya estaré en Francia
by yesterday it was clear that... — ayer ya se veía claro que...
by 30 September we had spent £500 — a 30 de septiembre habíamos gastado 500 libras
by 1998 the figure had reached... — en 1998 la cifra había llegado a...
by 2010 the figure will have reached... — hacia el año 2010 la cifra habrá llegado a...
it seems to be getting bigger by the minute/day — parece que va creciendo minuto a minuto/día a día
•
little by little — poco a poco•
one by one — uno tras otro, uno a uno•
two by two — de dos en dos7) (indicating agent, cause) porthe thieves were caught by the police — los ladrones fueron capturados por la policía, la policía capturó a los ladrones
who's that song by? — ¿de quién es esa canción?
8) (indicating transport, method etc)•
by bus/ car — en autobús/coche•
by the light of the moon/a candle — a la luz de la luna/de una velaby working hard — a fuerza de mucho trabajar, trabajando mucho
he ended by saying that... — terminó diciendo que...
10) (=according to) segúnit's all right by me — por mí no hay problema or está bien
she's lighter than her brother by only a couple of pounds — pesa solo un par de libras menos que su hermano
it missed me by inches — no me dio por un pelo, me pasó rozando
12) (in measurements, sums)•
to divide by — dividir por or entre•
to multiply by — multiplicar por13)south by southwest — sudsudoeste, sursuroeste
15) (in oaths) por2. ADVERB1) (=past)•
they wouldn't let me by — no me dejaban pasar•
she rushed by without stopping — pasó a toda prisa, sin pararse•
by and by, I'll be with you by and by — enseguida estoy contigo•
by and large — en general, por lo general•
to put sth by — poner algo a un lado* * *
I [baɪ]1)a) ( not later than)will it be ready by 5? — ¿estará listo para las 5?
by the time he arrived, Ann had left — cuando llegó, Ann se había ido
b) (during, at)by day/night — de día/noche
2)a) (at the side of, near to) al lado de, junto acome and sit by me — ven a sentarte a mi lado or junto a mí
b) ( to hand) (AmE)3)a) ( past)I said hello, but he walked right by me — lo saludé pero él pasó de largo
b) (via, through) porby land/sea/air — por tierra/mar/avión
4) (indicating agent, cause) (with passive verbs) por [The passive voice is, however, less common in Spanish than it is in English]she was brought up by her grandmother — la crió su abuela, fue criada por su abuela
5)a) (indicating means, method)to travel by car/train — viajar en coche/tren
to pay by credit card — pagar* con tarjeta de crédito
to navigate by the stars — guiarse* por las estrellas
by -ing: you won't get anywhere by shouting no vas a conseguir nada con gritar; I'll begin by introducing myself — empezaré por presentarme
b) (owing to, from)he had two children by his second wife — tuvo dos hijos con or de su segunda mujer
by -ing: by specializing, she has limited her options al especializarse, ha restringido sus posibilidades; they have lost public support by being too extreme — han perdido apoyo popular por ser demasiado extremistas
6)a) ( according to)by the look of things — por lo visto or al parecer
b) (in oaths)I swear by Almighty God... — juro por Dios Todopoderoso...
by God, you'll be sorry you said that! — te juro que te vas a arrepentir de haber dicho eso
7)a) ( indicating rate) porshe broke the record by several seconds — batió el récord en or por varios segundos
little by little — poco a poco, de a poco (CS)
8) ( Math) pordivide six by three — divide seis por or entre tres
9) ( in compass directions)10)by oneself — (alone, without assistance) solo
I need to be by myself — necesito estar solo or a solas
II
a) ( past)b) (aside, in reserve)c) ( to somebody's residence)call o stop by on your way to work — pasa por casa de camino al trabajo
d) (in phrases) -
109 here
hiə
1. adverb1) ((at, in or to) this place: He's here; Come here; He lives not far from here; Here they come; Here is / Here's your lost book.) aquí; ahí2) (at this time; at this point in an argument: Here she stopped speaking to wipe her eyes; Here is where I disagree with you.) entonces; llegado a ese punto; en este punto (no estoy de acuerdo...)3) (beside one: My colleague here will deal with the matter.) aquí presente
2. interjection1) (a shout of surprise, disapproval etc: Here! what do you think you're doing?) oye, eh2) (a shout used to show that one is present: Shout `Here!' when I call your name.) presente•- hereabout
- hereafter
- the hereafter
- hereby
- herein
- herewith
- here and there
- here goes
- here's to
- here
- there and everywhere
- here you are
- neither here nor there
here adv aquítr[hɪəSMALLr/SMALL]1 aquí■ here's the bus! ¡aquí viene el autobús!\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLhere and there aquí y alláhere's to...! ¡brindemos por...!■ here's to the future! ¡brindemos por el futuro!look here! ¡oye!, ¡oiga!to be neither here nor there no venir al casohere ['hɪr] adv1) : aquí, acácome here!: ¡ven acá!right here: aquí mismo2) now: en este momento, ahora, yahere he comes: ya vienehere it's three o'clock (already): ahora son las tres3) : en este puntohere we agree: estamos de acuerdo en este punto4)here you are! : ¡toma!adv.• acá adv.• aquí adv.interj.• presenteg interj.hɪr, hɪə(r)1)a) (at, to this place) aquí, acá (esp AmL); ( less precise) acáthe shops around here — las tiendas de por aquí or (esp AmL) de por acá
to be neither here nor there — no venir* al caso
b) (in phrases)here and now — ( right now) ahora mismo, en este mismo momento
the here and now — ( this life) esta vida; ( the present) el presente, el momento
here, there and everywhere — por todas partes
2) (calling attention to something, somebody)here's £20 — toma 20 libras
here comes Philip/the bus — aquí está Philip/el autobús
here goes: wish me luck! — allá voy, deséame suerte!
here we go again! — ( expressing exasperation) ya estamos or ya empezamos otra vez!
here's to the bride and groom — ( proposing a toast) brindemos por los novios
3)a) ( present)were you here last week? — ¿viniste la semana pasada?
Smith? - here! — ( in roll call) ¿Smith? - presente!
b) ( arrived)they're here! — ya llegaron!, ya están aquí!
winter'll be here before long — pronto llegará or empezará el invierno
c) ( available)help yourself, that's what it's here for — sírvete, para eso está
4)a) ( at this moment) entonceshere she hesitated — entonces or en ese momento titubeó
b) ( on this point)5) (as interj)[hɪǝ(r)]here, let me do it — trae, deja que lo haga yo
1. ADV1) (=in this place) aquíhere! — (at roll call) ¡presente!
winter is here — ha llegado el invierno, ya está aquí el invierno
•
he's well known around here — es muy conocido por aquísame 2., 1), today•
in here, please — aquí (dentro), por favor2) (=to this place) aquí, acá (esp LAm)look 2., 1)come here! — ¡ven aquí or (esp LAm) acá!
here we are, I've found it — aquí está, lo encontré
here it is, under the cushion — aquí está, debajo del cojín
did you want the corkscrew? here it is — ¿querías el sacacorchos? aquí lo tienes
here you are, you can have my seat — toma, puedes sentarte en mi sitio
here you are, I've fixed it — toma or aquí lo tienes, lo he arreglado
4) (=at this time)here I should remind you that... — ahora os debería recordar que...
what we're talking about here is... — de lo que esto se trata es...
5) (=on this point) en este punto6) (in phrases)•
here we go again! — ¡ya estamos otra vez!•
here goes! — ¡ahí va!•
here lies... — aquí yacen los restos de...•
whether or not he realized was neither here nor there — el que se hubiera dado cuenta o no no venía al casothe difference of £5 was neither here nor there — las 5 libras de diferencia no iban a ninguna parte
I must warn you here and now that... — te tengo que advertir ahora mismo que...
•
here and there, I do a bit of teaching here and there — suelo dar alguna que otra clasehere, there and everywhere — en todas partes
•
here's to..., here's to the happy couple! — ¡a la salud de los novios!here's to your new job! — ¡por tu nuevo trabajo!
2.EXCLhere, you try and open it! — ¡toma, intenta abrirlo tú!
here, that's my dinner you're eating! — ¡oye tú, que esa es mi cena!
3.N* * *[hɪr, hɪə(r)]1)a) (at, to this place) aquí, acá (esp AmL); ( less precise) acáthe shops around here — las tiendas de por aquí or (esp AmL) de por acá
to be neither here nor there — no venir* al caso
b) (in phrases)here and now — ( right now) ahora mismo, en este mismo momento
the here and now — ( this life) esta vida; ( the present) el presente, el momento
here, there and everywhere — por todas partes
2) (calling attention to something, somebody)here's £20 — toma 20 libras
here comes Philip/the bus — aquí está Philip/el autobús
here goes: wish me luck! — allá voy, deséame suerte!
here we go again! — ( expressing exasperation) ya estamos or ya empezamos otra vez!
here's to the bride and groom — ( proposing a toast) brindemos por los novios
3)a) ( present)were you here last week? — ¿viniste la semana pasada?
Smith? - here! — ( in roll call) ¿Smith? - presente!
b) ( arrived)they're here! — ya llegaron!, ya están aquí!
winter'll be here before long — pronto llegará or empezará el invierno
c) ( available)help yourself, that's what it's here for — sírvete, para eso está
4)a) ( at this moment) entonceshere she hesitated — entonces or en ese momento titubeó
b) ( on this point)5) (as interj)here, let me do it — trae, deja que lo haga yo
-
110 that
1. ðæt plural - those; adjective(used to indicate a person, thing etc spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: Don't take this book - take that one; At that time, I was living in Italy; When are you going to return those books?) ese, esa, esos, esas; aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas
2. pronoun(used to indicate a thing etc, or (in plural or with the verb be) person or people, spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: What is that you've got in your hand?; Who is that?; That is the Prime Minister; Those present at the concert included the composer and his wife.) ese, esa, esos, esas; aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas
3. ðət, ðæt relative pronoun(used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned in a preceding clause in order to distinguish it from others: Where is the parcel that arrived this morning?; Who is the man (that) you were talking to?)
4. ðət, ðæt conjunction1) ((often omitted) used to report what has been said etc or to introduce other clauses giving facts, reasons, results etc: I know (that) you didn't do it; I was surprised (that) he had gone.) que2) (used to introduce expressions of sorrow, wishes etc: That I should be accused of murder!; Oh, that I were with her now!) y pensar que; ojalá
5.
adverb(so; to such an extent: I didn't realize she was that ill.) tan- that's that
that1 adj ese / aquelwho lives in that house? ¿quién vive en esa casa?did you bring that book? ¿has traído aquel libro?what are those boys doing? ¿qué están haciendo aquellos chicos?that2 adv tanthat3 conj quethat4 pron1. ése / aquél2. esotr[ðæt ʊnstressed ðət]1 ese, esa (remote) aquel, aquella■ how much is that dress? ¿cuánto vale ese vestido?■ what was that noise? ¿qué ha sido ese ruido?■ have you got that record I lent you? ¿tienes aquel disco que te dejé?■ who's that? ¿quién es ése/ésa?■ this is mine, that is yours éste es mío, aquél es tuyo2 (indefinite) eso; (remote) aquello■ what's that? ¿qué es eso?■ where did you get that? ¿dónde has comprado eso?3 (relative) que4 (with preposition) que, el/la que, el/la cual1 que2 ¡ojalá!1 familiar tan, tanto,-a, tantos,-as\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLand all that y todo esolike that así, de aquella manerathat is to say es decirthat's life así es la vidathat's more like it ¡ahora!, ¡así me gusta!that's right así esthat's that ya está, se acabówho's that? (on 'phone) ¿quién es?, ¿quién eres?it's not that expensive: no es tan caronot that much: no tantodo you see those children?: ¿ves a aquellos niños?that conj & pron: quehe said that he was afraid: dijo que tenía miedothe book that he wrote: el libro que escribió1) : ése, ésa, esothat's my father: ése es mi padrethose are the ones he likes: ésos son los que le gustanwhat's that?: ¿qué es eso?those are maples and these are elms: aquéllos son arces y éstos son olmosthat came to an end: aquello se acabóadj.• esa adj.• ese adj.adj.dem.• aquel adj.dem.adv.• como adv.• tan adv.conj.• ese conj.• para que conj.• que conj.pron.• aquello pron.• aquél pron.• el cual pron.• ese pron.• eso pron.• que pron.• quien pron.• tanto pron.pron.dem.neut.• aquello pron.dem.neut.
I ðæt1) (pl those) ( demonstrative) ése, ésa; (neuter) esothose — ésos, ésas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquél, aquélla; (neuter) aquello
those — aquéllos, aquéllas [According to the Real Academia Española the accent can be omitted when there is no ambiguity]
what's that? — ¿qué es eso?
who's that over there? — quién es ése/ésa?
those are $20 and those over there $21.50 — ésos cuestan 20 dólares y aquéllos de allá 21,50
who's that, please? — ( on telephone) ¿con quién hablo, por favor?
that's impossible/wonderful! — es imposible/maravilloso!
is that so? — no me digas!, ¿ah, sí?
don't talk like that! — no hables así!, no digas eso!
eat it up now, that's a good girl! — vamos, cómetelo todo así me gusta!
come on, it's not as bad as all that — vamos, que no es para tanto
2) (in phrases)at that they all burst out laughing — al oír (or ver etc) eso, todos se echaron a reír
he has enormous power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that — tiene mucho poder y muchas riquezas, pero aún así es infeliz
that is: we're all going, all the adults, that is vamos todos, es decir, todos los adultos; you're welcome to come along, that is, if you'd like to encantados de que vengas, siempre que quieras venir, claro; that's it!: that's it for today eso es todo por hoy; is that it? - no, there's another bag to come ¿ya está? - no, todavía falta otra bolsa; now lift your left arm: that's it! ahora levanta el brazo izquierdo eso es! or ahí está!; that's it: I've had enough! se acabó! ya no aguanto más!; that's that: you're not going and that's that! — no vas y no hay más que hablar or y se acabó
3) ðət, strong form ðæt ( relative) queit wasn't Helen (that) you saw — no fue a Helen a quien viste, no fue a Helen que viste (AmL)
II ðætthose — esos, esas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquel, aquella
those — aquellos, aquellas
do you know that boy/girl? — ¿conoces a ese chico/esa chica?
I prefer that one — prefiero ése/ésa
III ðət, strong form ðætconjunction queshe said (that)... — dijo que...
it's not that I mind what he does but... — no es que me importe lo que hace, pero...
they died that others might live — (liter) murieron para que otros pudieran vivir
IV ðætadverb tanten thirty? that late already? — ¿las diez y media? ¿ya es tan tarde?
(strong form) [ðæt] (weak form) [ˌdǝt] (pl those) Those is treated as a separate entry.I'm not that interested, really — la verdad es que no me interesa tanto
1. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE1) [+ objects/people]You can generally use ese etc when pointing to something near the person you are speaking to. Use aquel etc for something which is distant from both of you: (nearer) ese m, esa f ; (more remote) aquel m, aquella fthat car is much better value than that sports model at the end — ese coche está mejor de precio que aquel modelo deportivo que hay al final
that wretched dog! — ¡ese maldito perro!
In the past the standard spelling for [ese/esa] and [aquel/aquella] used as pronouns (as when they are used to translate [that one]) was with an accent ([ése/ésa] and [aquél/aquélla]). Nowadays the [Real Academia Española] advises that the accented forms are only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjectives [este/esta] and [aquel/aquella].what about that cheque? — ¿y el cheque ese?
there's little to choose between this model and that one — no hay mucho que elegir entre este modelo y aquel
2) [+ event, year, month]
Aquel is used to refer to a time in the distant past. Use if you mention a concrete date, month, year {etc">ese:do you remember that holiday we had in Holland? — ¿te acuerdas de aquellas vacaciones que pasamos en Holanda?
1992? I can't remember where we holidayed that year — ¿1992? no recuerdo dónde pasamos las vacaciones ese año
May? we can't come that month because we'll be moving house — ¿en mayo? no podemos venir ese mes porque nos estaremos mudando de casa
2.DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNThe pronoun that ( one) is translated by ese and aquel (masc), esa and aquella (fem) and eso and aquello (neuter). You can generally use ese etc when pointing to something near the person you are speaking to. Use aquel etc for something which is distant from both of you. Note that in the past the standard spelling for the masculine and feminine pronouns was with an accent (ése/ésa and aquél/aquélla). Nowadays the Real Academia Española advises that the accented forms are only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjectives ese/esa and aquel/aquella. Neuter pronouns never carry an accent. (nearer) ese m, esa f, ése m, ésa f, eso (neuter) ; (more remote) aquel(la) m / f, aquél(la) m / f, aquello (neuter)who's that? — ¿quién es ese?
what is that? — ¿qué es eso?, ¿eso qué es?
is that you, Paul? — ¿eres tú, Paul?
£5? it must have cost more than that — ¿5 libras? debe haber costado más (que eso)
that's true — eso es verdad, es cierto (esp LAm)
that's odd! — ¡qué raro!, ¡qué cosa más rara!
1988? that was the year you graduated, wasn't it? — ¿1988? ese fue el año en que acabaste la carrera, ¿no es así?
"will he come?" - "that he will!" — † -¿vendrá? -¡ya lo creo!
•
after that — después de eso•
bees and wasps and all that — abejas, avispas y cosas asíis that all? — ¿eso es todo?, ¿nada más?
•
and it was broken at that — y además estaba rotoI realized he meant to speak to me and at that I panicked — me di cuenta de que quería hablar conmigo y entonces me entró el pánico
•
what do you mean by that? — ¿qué quieres decir con eso?•
if it comes to that — en tal caso, si llegamos a eso•
it will cost 20 dollars, if that — costará 20 dólares, si es que llega•
that is — (=ie) es decir...•
that's it, we've finished — ya está, hemos terminadothat's it! she can find her own gardener! — ¡se acabó! ¡que se busque un jardinero por su cuenta!
•
that of — el/la de•
that is to say — es decir...•
why worry about that which may never happen? — frm ¿por qué preocuparse por aquello que or por lo que puede que nunca vaya a pasar?•
with that — con eso3. RELATIVE PRONOUNUnlike that, the Spanish relative cannot be omitted.1) quethe girl that he met on holiday and later married — la chica que conoció durante las vacaciones y con la que después se casó
If the that clause ends in a preposition, you can either translate that as que (usually preceded by the definite article) or as article + cual/cuales. Use the second option particularly in formal language or after long prepositions or prepositional phrases:fool that I am! — ¡tonto que soy!
the box that I put it in — la caja donde lo puse, la caja en la que or en la cual lo puse
4. ADVERB1) (=so) tanit's about that big — (with gesture) es más o menos así de grande
•
cheer up! it isn't that bad — ¡ánimo! ¡no es para tanto!•
that many frogs — tantas ranas•
that much money — tanto dinero2) * (=so very) tanit was that cold! — ¡hacía tanto frío!
5. CONJUNCTIONUnlike that, que cannot be omitted.1) after verb quehe said that... — dijo que...
he said that he was going to London and would be back in the evening — dijo que se iba a Londres y (que) volvería por la tarde
2) after nounTranslate as de que in phrases like the idea/belief/hope that:
•
any hope that they might have survived was fading — toda esperanza de que hubiesen sobrevivido se estaba desvaneciendo•
the idea that we can profit from their labour — la idea de que podemos aprovecharnos de su trabajo•
..., not that I want to, of course —..., no es que yo quiera, por supuestoIf the that clause is the subject of another verb it is usual to translate that as el que rather than que especially if it starts the sentence:•
oh that we could! — ¡ojalá pudiéramos!, ¡ojalá!In these cases the verb which follows will be in the subjunctive:that he did not know surprised me — (el) que no lo supiera me extrañó, me extrañó (el) que no lo supiera
wouldthat he should behave like this is incredible — (el) que se comporte así es increíble, es increíble que se comporte así
4) (=in order that) para que + subjunthose who fought and died that we might live — los que lucharon y murieron para que nosotros pudiésemos vivir
5)• in that — en el sentido de que
it's an attractive investment in that it is tax-free — es una inversión atractiva en el sentido de que está exenta de impuestos
* * *
I [ðæt]1) (pl those) ( demonstrative) ése, ésa; (neuter) esothose — ésos, ésas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquél, aquélla; (neuter) aquello
those — aquéllos, aquéllas [According to the Real Academia Española the accent can be omitted when there is no ambiguity]
what's that? — ¿qué es eso?
who's that over there? — quién es ése/ésa?
those are $20 and those over there $21.50 — ésos cuestan 20 dólares y aquéllos de allá 21,50
who's that, please? — ( on telephone) ¿con quién hablo, por favor?
that's impossible/wonderful! — es imposible/maravilloso!
is that so? — no me digas!, ¿ah, sí?
don't talk like that! — no hables así!, no digas eso!
eat it up now, that's a good girl! — vamos, cómetelo todo así me gusta!
come on, it's not as bad as all that — vamos, que no es para tanto
2) (in phrases)at that they all burst out laughing — al oír (or ver etc) eso, todos se echaron a reír
he has enormous power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that — tiene mucho poder y muchas riquezas, pero aún así es infeliz
that is: we're all going, all the adults, that is vamos todos, es decir, todos los adultos; you're welcome to come along, that is, if you'd like to encantados de que vengas, siempre que quieras venir, claro; that's it!: that's it for today eso es todo por hoy; is that it? - no, there's another bag to come ¿ya está? - no, todavía falta otra bolsa; now lift your left arm: that's it! ahora levanta el brazo izquierdo eso es! or ahí está!; that's it: I've had enough! se acabó! ya no aguanto más!; that's that: you're not going and that's that! — no vas y no hay más que hablar or y se acabó
3) [ðət], strong form [ðæt] ( relative) queit wasn't Helen (that) you saw — no fue a Helen a quien viste, no fue a Helen que viste (AmL)
II [ðæt]those — esos, esas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquel, aquella
those — aquellos, aquellas
do you know that boy/girl? — ¿conoces a ese chico/esa chica?
I prefer that one — prefiero ése/ésa
III [ðət], strong form [ðæt]conjunction queshe said (that)... — dijo que...
it's not that I mind what he does but... — no es que me importe lo que hace, pero...
they died that others might live — (liter) murieron para que otros pudieran vivir
IV [ðæt]adverb tanten thirty? that late already? — ¿las diez y media? ¿ya es tan tarde?
I'm not that interested, really — la verdad es que no me interesa tanto
-
111 come
1) kommencome here! — komm [mal] her!
[I'm] coming! — [ich] komme schon!
come running into the room — ins Zimmer gerannt kommen
not know whether or if one is coming or going — nicht wissen, wo einem der Kopf steht
they came to a house/town — sie kamen zu einem Haus/in eine Stadt
Christmas/Easter is coming — bald ist Weihnachten/Ostern
he has come a long way — er kommt von weit her
come to somebody's notice or attention/knowledge — jemandem auffallen/zu Ohren kommen
the train came into the station — der Zug fuhr in den Bahnhof ein
the shoelaces have come undone — die Schnürsenkel sind aufgegangen
it all came right in the end — es ging alles gut aus
have come to believe/realize that... — zu der Überzeugung/Einsicht gelangt sein, dass...
4) (become present) kommenin the coming week/month — kommende Woche/kommenden Monat
in years to come — in künftigen Jahren
for some time to come — [noch] für einige Zeit
5) (be result) kommenthe suggestion came from him — der Vorschlag war od. stammte von ihm
6) (happen)how comes it that you...? — wie kommt es, dass du...?
how come? — (coll.) wieso?; weshalb?
come what may — komme, was wolle (geh.); ganz gleich, was kommt
7) (be available) [Waren:] erhältlich seinthis dress comes in three sizes — dies Kleid gibt es in drei Größen od. ist in drei Größen erhältlich
8) (coll.): (play a part)come the bully with somebody — bei jemandem den starken Mann markieren (salopp)
don't come the innocent with me — spiel mir nicht den Unschuldsengel vor! (ugs.)
don't come that game with me! — komm mir bloß nicht mit dieser Tour od. Masche! (salopp)
Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/14418/come_about">come about- come by- come in- come off- come on- come out- come to- come up* * *1. past tense - came; verb1) (to move etc towards the person speaking or writing, or towards the place being referred to by him: Come here!; Are you coming to the dance?; John has come to see me; Have any letters come for me?) kommen2) (to become near or close to something in time or space: Christmas is coming soon.) kommen5) (to arrive at (a certain state etc): What are things coming to? We have come to an agreement.) gelangen6) ((with to) (of numbers, prices etc) to amount (to): The total comes to 51.) hinauslaufen auf2. interjection(expressing disapproval, drawing attention etc: Come, come! That was very rude of you!) nun, bitte- comer- coming
- comeback
- comedown
- come about
- come across
- come along
- come by
- come down
- come into one's own
- come off
- come on
- come out
- come round
- come to
- come to light
- come upon
- come up with
- come what may
- to come* * *[kʌm]<came, come>1. (move towards) kommen\come here a moment kommst du mal einen Moment [her]?careful, a car's coming! Achtung, da kommt ein Auto!my sister came rushing out of the train meine Schwester stürmte aus dem Zugcoming! ich komme!have you \come straight from the airport? kommen Sie direkt vom Flughafen?did you \come here by car? sind Sie mit dem Auto gekommen?she's \come 500 km to be here with us tonight sie ist 500 km gereist, um heute Abend bei uns zu sein\come to sunny Bridlington for your holidays! machen Sie Urlaub im sonnigen Bridlington!to \come into a room/building in ein Zimmer/Gebäude kommen▪ to \come towards sb auf jdn zugehen2. (arrive) ankommenhas she \come yet? ist sie schon da?Christmas is coming bald ist Weihnachtenmorning has not yet \come es ist noch nicht MorgenChristmas only \comes once a year Weihnachten ist nur einmal im Jahrhow often does the post \come? wie oft kommt die Post?\come Monday morning you'll regret... Montagmorgen wirst du es bereuen, dass...\come March, I will have been married for two years im März bin ich zwei Jahre verheiratetI think the time has \come to... ich denke, es ist an der Zeit,...how's your headache? — it \comes and goes was machen deine Kopfschmerzen? — mal besser, mal schlechterin days to \come in Zukunftto \come to sb's rescue jdm zu Hilfe kommento \come as a surprise überraschend kommenthe year to \come das kommende [o nächste] Jahrin years to \come in der Zukunft3. (go for a purpose)▪ to \come and do sth [vorbei]kommen, um etw zu tun\come and visit us sometime komm doch mal vorbeiI'll \come and pick you up in the car ich hole dich dann mit dem Auto abdad, \come and see what I've done Papa, schau [mal], was ich gemacht habeI've \come to read the gas meter ich soll den Gaszähler ablesen▪ to \come for sb/sth jdn/etw abholenyour father will \come for you at 4 o'clock dein Vater kommt dich um 16 Uhr abholenthe police have \come for you die Polizei will Sie sprechen4. (accompany someone) mitkommenare you coming or staying? kommst du oder bleibst du noch?would you like to \come for a walk? kommst du mit spazieren?are you coming to the cinema tonight? kommst du heute Abend mit ins Kino?do you want to \come to the pub with us? kommst du mit einen trinken?5. (originate from) herrühren, stammenwhere is that awful smell coming from? wo kommt dieser schreckliche Gestank her?his voice came from the bathroom seine Stimme drang aus dem Badezimmerhe \comes of a farming family er stammt aus einer Familie mit langer Tradition in der Landwirtschaftdoes that quote \come from Shakespeare? stammt das Zitat von Shakespeare?to \come from Italy/a wealthy family aus Italien/einer wohlhabenden Familie stammen6. (in sequence)Z \comes after Y Z kommt nach YMonday \comes before Tuesday Montag kommt vor Dienstagthe article \comes before the noun der Artikel steht vor dem Substantiv7. (in competition)he \comes first in the list of the world's richest men er führt die Liste der reichsten Männer anPaul came far behind Paul kam nur unter „ferner liefen“to \come first/second BRIT, AUS Erste(r)/Zweite(r) werdento \come from behind aufholen8. (have priority)to \come before sth wichtiger als etw seinto \come first [bei jdm] an erster Stelle stehen9. (happen) geschehenhow exactly did you \come to be naked in the first place? wie genau kam es dazu, dass Sie nackt waren?\come to think of it... wenn ich es mir recht überlege,...\come what may komme, was wollehow did the window \come to be open? wieso war das Fenster offen?you could see it coming das war ja zu erwartenhow \come? wieso?how \come you missed the train? wie kommt's, dass du den Zug verpasst hast?10. (be, become)to \come under bombardment/pressure/suspicion unter Beschuss/Druck/Verdacht geratento \come under criticism in die Kritik geratento \come into fashion in Mode kommento \come into money/property/a title zu Geld/Besitz/einem Titel kommento \come into office sein Amt antretento \come into power an die Macht kommento \come loose sich [ab]lösenhow did that phrase \come to mean that? wie kam dieser Ausdruck zu dieser Bedeutung?I've \come to like him more and more ich finde ihn immer netterI've finally \come to agree with you du hast mich überzeugtyour shoelaces have \come undone deine Schnürsenkel sind aufgegangenall my dreams came true all meine Träume haben sich erfüllteverything will \come right in the end am Ende wird alles gut werdennothing came of it daraus ist nichts gewordenhis hair \comes [down] to his shoulders seine Haare reichen ihm bis auf die Schulternthe vase \comes in a red box die Vase wird in einem roten Karton gelieferthow would you like your coffee? — as it \comes, please wie trinken Sie Ihren Kaffee? — schwarz, bittesth \comes in different sizes/colours etw ist in unterschiedlichen Größen/Farben erhältlich, etw gibt es in unterschiedlichen Größen/Farbento \come cheap[er] billig[er] sein fam12. (progress) weiterkommenwe've \come a long way wir haben viel erreicht14.▶ \come again? [wie] bitte?▶ to \come clean about sth etw beichten▶ don't \come it [with me]! sei nicht so frech [zu mir]!▶ to be as stupid as they \come dumm wie Stroh sein▶ to \come unstuck BRIT, AUS plan schiefgehen; speaker steckenbleiben; person baden gehen fam; project in die Binsen gehen famII. TRANSITIVE VERB( esp pej: behave like)to \come the heavy father [with sb] [bei jdm] den strengen Vater herauskehrento \come the poor little innocent [with sb] [bei jdm] die Unschuldige/den Unschuldigen spielendon't \come that game with me! komm mir jetzt bloß nicht so! famIII. NOUN* * *[kʌm] pret came, ptp come1. vi1) (= approach) kommencome and get it! — (das) Essen ist fertig!, Essen fassen! (esp Mil)
to come and go — kommen und gehen; (vehicle) hin- und herfahren
the picture/sound comes and goes — das Bild/der Ton geht immerzu weg
I don't know whether I'm coming or going — ich weiß nicht (mehr), wo mir der Kopf steht (inf)
he has come a long way — er hat einen weiten Weg hinter sich; (fig)
coming! —
they came to a town/castle — sie kamen in eine Stadt/zu einem Schloss
it came to me that... — mir fiel ein, dass...
3) (= have its place) kommenthe adjective must come before the noun — das Adjektiv muss vor dem Substantiv stehen
4) (= happen) geschehencome what may — ganz gleich, was geschieht, komme, was (da) mag (geh)
you could see it coming — das konnte man ja kommen sehen, das war ja zu erwarten
you've got it coming to you (inf) — mach dich auf was gefasst!
5)how come you're so late?, how do you come to be so late? — wieso etc kommst du so spät?
6) (= be, become) werdenthe handle has come loose —
it comes less expensive to shop in town — es ist or kommt billiger, wenn man in der Stadt einkauft
everything came all right in the end — zuletzt or am Ende wurde doch noch alles gut
7) (COMM: be available) erhältlich sein8)(+infin
= be finally in a position to) I have come to believe him — inzwischen or mittlerweile glaube ich ihmI'm sure you will come to agree with me — ich bin sicher, dass du mir schließlich zustimmst
(now I) come to think of it — wenn ich es mir recht überlege
9)the years/weeks to come — die kommenden or nächsten Jahre/Wochen
in time to come —
the life (of the world) to come — das ewige Leben
10) (inf uses)... come next week — nächste Woche...
how long have you been away? – a week come Monday — wie lange bist du schon weg? – (am) Montag acht Tage (inf) or eine Woche
a week come Monday I'll be... — Montag in acht Tagen (inf) or in einer Woche bin ich...
11) (inf: have orgasm) kommen (inf)2. vt (Brit inf= act as if one were) spielendon't come the innocent with me — spielen Sie hier bloß nicht den Unschuldigen!, kommen Sie mir bloß nicht auf die unschuldige Tour
he tried to come the innocent with me — er hat versucht, den Unschuldigen zu markieren (inf), er hat es auf die unschuldige Tour versucht (inf)
don't come that game or that (with me)! — kommen Sie mir bloß nicht mit DER Tour! (inf), DIE Masche zieht bei mir nicht!
3. n(sl: semen) Saft m (sl)* * *come [kʌm]A v/i prät came [keım], pperf come1. kommen:sb is coming es kommt jemand;I don’t know whether I’m coming or going ich weiß nicht, wo mir der Kopf steht;be long in coming lange auf sich warten lassen;come before the judge vor den Richter kommen;he came to see us er besuchte uns, er suchte uns auf;no work has come his way er hat (noch) keine Arbeit gefunden;that comes on page 4 das kommt auf Seite 4;the message has come die Nachricht ist gekommen oder eingetroffen;ill luck came to him ihm widerfuhr (ein) Unglück;I was coming to that darauf wollte ich gerade hinaus;2. (dran)kommen, an die Reihe kommen:who comes first?3. kommen, erscheinen, auftreten:a) kommen und gehen,b) erscheinen und verschwinden;love will come in time mit der Zeit wird sich die Liebe einstellen4. reichen, sich erstrecken:the dress comes to her knees das Kleid reicht ihr bis zu den Knien5. kommen, gelangen ( beide:to zu):come to the throne auf den Thron gelangen;come into danger in Gefahr geraten;when we come to die wenn es zum Sterben kommt, wenn wir sterben müssen;how came it to be yours? wie kamen oder gelangten Sie dazu?6. kommen, abstammen ( beide:of, from von):he comes of a good family er kommt oder stammt aus gutem Hause;I come from Leeds ich stamme aus Leeds7. kommen, herrühren ( beide:of von):that’s what comes of your hurry das kommt von deiner Eile;nothing came of it es wurde nichts daraushow did this come to be? wie kam es dazu?9. sich erweisen:it comes expensive es kommt teuer;the expenses come rather high die Kosten kommen recht hoch10. ankommen ( to sb jemanden):it comes hard (easy) to me es fällt mir schwer (leicht)he has come to be a good musician er ist ein guter Musiker geworden, aus ihm ist ein guter Musiker geworden;it has come to be the custom es ist Sitte geworden;come to know sb jemanden kennenlernen;come to know sth etwas erfahren;come to appreciate sb jemanden schätzen lernen;I have come to believe that … ich bin zu der Überzeugung gekommen, dass…;how did you come to do that? wie kamen Sie dazu, das zu tun?12. (besonders vor adj) werden, sich entwickeln:come all right in Ordnung kommen;the butter will not come die Butter bildet sich nicht oder umg wird nicht13. AGR, BOT (heraus-)kommen, sprießen, keimen14. auf den Markt kommen, erhältlich sein:these shirts come in three sizes diese Hemden gibt es in drei Größenthe life to come das zukünftige Leben;for all time to come für alle Zukunft;in the years to come in den kommenden Jahrendon’t try to come the great scholar over me! versuche nicht, mir gegenüber den großen Gelehrten zu spielen!;come it over sb sich jemandem gegenüber aufspielen;don’t come that dodge over me! mit dem Trick kommst du bei mir nicht an!C int na (hör mal)!, komm!, bitte!:come, come!b) (ermutigend) na komm schon!, auf gehts!D s1. Kommen n:the come and go of the years das Kommen und Gehen der Jahreas stupid as they come umg dumm wie Bohnenstroh;how comes it that …?, umg how come that …? wie kommt es, dass …? how come? umg wieso (denn)?, wie das?;a year ago come March umg im März vor einem Jahr;came Christmas obs dann kam Weihnachten;he is coming nicely umg er macht sich recht gut;come it Br umg es schaffen;he can’t come that Br umg das schafft er nicht; → again 1; (siehe a. die Verbindungen mit den entsprechenden Substantiven etc)* * *1) kommencome here! — komm [mal] her!
[I'm] coming! — [ich] komme schon!
not know whether or if one is coming or going — nicht wissen, wo einem der Kopf steht
they came to a house/town — sie kamen zu einem Haus/in eine Stadt
Christmas/Easter is coming — bald ist Weihnachten/Ostern
come to somebody's notice or attention/knowledge — jemandem auffallen/zu Ohren kommen
2) (occur) kommen; (in list etc.) stehen3) (become, be)have come to believe/realize that... — zu der Überzeugung/Einsicht gelangt sein, dass...
4) (become present) kommenin the coming week/month — kommende Woche/kommenden Monat
for some time to come — [noch] für einige Zeit
5) (be result) kommenthe suggestion came from him — der Vorschlag war od. stammte von ihm
6) (happen)how comes it that you...? — wie kommt es, dass du...?
how come? — (coll.) wieso?; weshalb?
come what may — komme, was wolle (geh.); ganz gleich, was kommt
7) (be available) [Waren:] erhältlich seinthis dress comes in three sizes — dies Kleid gibt es in drei Größen od. ist in drei Größen erhältlich
8) (coll.): (play a part)don't come that game with me! — komm mir bloß nicht mit dieser Tour od. Masche! (salopp)
Phrasal Verbs:- come by- come in- come off- come on- come out- come to- come up* * *interj.eingekehrt interj.komm interj.kommen interj. v.(§ p.,p.p.: came, come)= kommen v.(§ p.,pp.: kam, ist gekommen) -
112 matter
'mætə 1. noun1) (solids, liquids and/or gases in any form, from which everything physical is made: The entire universe is made up of different kinds of matter.) stoff, materie, substans2) (a subject or topic (of discussion etc): a private matter; money matters.) sak, emne3) (pus: The wound was infected and full of matter.) puss, materie2. verb(to be important: That car matters a great deal to him; It doesn't matter.) bety (mye), spille en stor rolle- be the matter
- a matter of course
- a matter of opinion
- no matter
- no matter who
- what
- whereaffære--------forretning--------materie--------sak--------sats--------stoff--------tingIsubst. \/ˈmætə\/1) materie, materiale2) stoff, substanslesestoff\/lektyre3) ( også subject matter) emne, innhold, stoffha et bra innhold\/være innholdsrik4) anliggende, sak, spørsmål, ting5) betydning, vekt6) årsak, anledning, formål• that was a matter of\/for interest7) feil, mangel• what is the matter with him?8) ( typografi) sats9) ( typografi) manuskript (til setting)a matter of course en selvfølge, noe som sier seg selva matter of life and death et spørsmål om liv eller død, livsviktiga matter of\/for regret beklageligas a matter of fact faktisk, i virkeligheten, egentligfor that matter eller for the matter of that for den sak(en)s skyld• she didn't like the film, nor did I, for that matterhun likte ikke filmen, det gjorde ikke jeg heller, for den saks skyldan incidental matter en bisakinfectious matter smittestoffin the matter of angående, hva angår, med hensyn tilit is no matter of mine det angår ikke meg, det er ikke min sakmake matters worse gjøre vondt verremanner\/form and matter form og innholdmatter in dispute stridsspørsmålthe matter in hand den foreliggende sak• it's a matter of £50a matter of fact et faktum, en kjensgjerningmatter of inclination smakssaka matter of (something) en -saken treningssak, et spørsmål om øvelsedet er bare et tidsspørsmål\/det er bare et spørsmål om tidmatters have succeeded this far hittil har det gått bramatter with feil med, feil på, galt med• what's the matter with margarine?• what's the matter with £10?mind and matter ånd og materiemoney matters pengesakerno laughing matter ingenting å le avno matter det gjør ikke noe, det spiller ingen rolleno matter how one tries uansett hvor mye man forsøkerno matter when det spiller ingen rolle når, uansett nårno matter where it is hvor det enn måtte være, uansett hvor det måtte værepush the matter to extremes sette saken på spissensettle matters bringe orden i sakene, ordne opp i saker og tinga small matter en fillesak, en bagatelltake matters easy ta det rolig ta lett på saker og tingthink the matter over fundere på\/over saken, tenke på\/over sakenIIverb \/ˈmætə\/1) bety noe, gjøre noe, være av betydning, ha noe for segdet spiller nesten ingen rolle \/ det gjør ikke så mye• what does it matter?hva gjør vel det? \/ hvilken rolle spiller det?det er ikke så farlig \/ det gjør ikke så myeikke at det gjør noe \/ ikke at det spiller noen rolle2) ( medisin) avsondre materie, væske -
113 sink
siŋk 1. past tense - sank; verb1) (to (cause to) go down below the surface of water etc: The torpedo sank the battleship immediately; The ship sank in deep water.) synke, gå ned2) (to go down or become lower (slowly): The sun sank slowly behind the hills; Her voice sank to a whisper.) gå ned, falle, synke3) (to (cause to) go deeply (into something): The ink sank into the paper; He sank his teeth into an apple.) trenge/bore inn, synke4) ((of one's spirits etc) to become depressed or less hopeful: My heart sinks when I think of the difficulties ahead.) miste motet5) (to invest (money): He sank all his savings in the business.) satse penger på2. noun(a kind of basin with a drain and a water supply connected to it: He washed the dishes in the sink.) vask, oppvaskkum- sunken- be sunk
- sink insenkeIsubst. \/sɪŋk\/1) oppvaskkum, (utslags)vask2) (amer.) vaskevannsfat3) avløps(rør), sluk4) avløpsrenne, kloakk5) septiktank6) ( geologi) synkehull, jordfallshull7) ( om terreng) fordypning8) ( edb) datamottaker9) ( overført) pøl, sumpa sink of iniquity en lastens huleII1) ( også overført) synke, senke seg (ned), gå ned2) senke, få til å synke, la synke• sink your voice!3) avta, minske, falle4) legge seg, løye5) synke, forfalle6) skråne, helle7) seile i senk, skyte i senk, styrte, senke8) ignorere, la ligge, glemme, se bort fra9) grave (ned), legge ned, bore12) miste13) gjemme, hemmeligholde, fortie15) undertrykke, dempe16) tilsidesettebe left to sink or swim måtte klare seg på egen håndsink (a put) ( golf) sette (putten)sink in styrte sammen, svikte, gi etter( overført) gå opp for, fatte, synke innsink into synke ned ifalle isink on synke ned i\/påsink oneself sette til side egne interessersink oneself in fordype seg isink one's own interests sette til side egne interessersink one's teeth into sette tennene isink or swim bære eller bristesink something in\/into investere, legge noe isunk fortapt• if we get no help, we're sunkhvis vi ikke får hjelp, er det ute med osssunk in thought hensunket i tanker -
114 stand
stænd 1. past tense, past participle - stood; verb1) (to be in an upright position, not sitting or lying: His leg was so painful that he could hardly stand; After the storm, few trees were left standing.) stå (igjen)2) ((often with up) to rise to the feet: He pushed back his chair and stood up; Some people like to stand (up) when the National Anthem is played.) reise seg3) (to remain motionless: The train stood for an hour outside Newcastle.) stå stille4) (to remain unchanged: This law still stands.) stå ved makt, gjelde5) (to be in or have a particular place: There is now a factory where our house once stood.) stå, ligge, sitte6) (to be in a particular state, condition or situation: As matters stand, we can do nothing to help; How do you stand financially?) stå7) (to accept or offer oneself for a particular position etc: He is standing as Parliamentary candidate for our district.) stille som kandidat, stille seg8) (to put in a particular position, especially upright: He picked up the fallen chair and stood it beside the table.) sette, legge, stille9) (to undergo or endure: He will stand (his) trial for murder; I can't stand her rudeness any longer.) underkaste seg, stå for retten; utstå, tåle, orke10) (to pay for (a meal etc) for (a person): Let me stand you a drink!) spandere, rive i (en runde)2. noun1) (a position or place in which to stand ready to fight etc, or an act of fighting etc: The guard took up his stand at the gate; I shall make a stand for what I believe is right.) stilling; det å stå fram/markere seg2) (an object, especially a piece of furniture, for holding or supporting something: a coat-stand; The sculpture had been removed from its stand for cleaning.) stativ3) (a stall where goods are displayed for sale or advertisement.) salgsbod, stand4) (a large structure beside a football pitch, race course etc with rows of seats for spectators: The stand was crowded.) tribune5) ((American) a witness box in a law court.) vitneboks•- standing 3. noun1) (time of lasting: an agreement of long standing.) mangeårig, vedvarende (avtale/vennskap)2) (rank or reputation: a diplomat of high standing.) høy stilling; godt omdømme•- stand-by4. adjective((of an airline passenger or ticket) costing or paying less than the usual fare, as the passenger does not book a seat for a particular flight, but waits for the first available seat.) sjansebillett5. adverb(travelling in this way: It costs a lot less to travel stand-by.) med/på sjansebillett- stand-in- standing-room
- make someone's hair stand on end
- stand aside
- stand back
- stand by
- stand down
- stand fast/firm
- stand for
- stand in
- stand on one's own two feet
- stand on one's own feet
- stand out
- stand over
- stand up for
- stand up tobod--------bås--------sokkel--------stand--------standpunkt--------ståIsubst. \/stænd\/1) plass, stilling, oppstilling, posisjon, post (ved jakt)2) ( overført) holdning, standpunkt3) (forsøk på) motstand, forsvar4) stans, holdt5) ( lagringsplass) stativ, hylle, holder6) stand (f.eks. på messe), bod, kiosk, salgsplass, torgplass7) tribune8) scene, podium, estrade9) (hverdagslig, om omreisende teater e.l.) opphold, stoppested (der man har forestilling)10) ( om planter eller trær) bestandbe at a stand stå stillebring to a stand stanse, stoppe, staggecome to a stand stanse(s), stoppe(s)make a stand vise hvor man står, tone flagg, gjøre motstand, ta opp kampen, forsvare segstand of arms ( om soldat) våpenutrustningtake a stand vise hvor man står, tone flagg, ta standpunkt, ta stillingtake one's stand stille seg, ta oppstillingta stilling, ta standpunkt( jakt) stille seg på posttake the stand eller take the witness stand avlegge vitneforklaring, ta plass i vitneboksenwinner's stand ( ved konkurranse) seierspallII1) stå, stå oppreist2) reise seg (opp), stå opp3) stille (opp), reise (opp), sette, plassere• if you're naughty, you'll be stood in the corner4) ( om beliggenhet) ligge, være5) stå ved lag, stå fast, stå ved makt6) holde stand, stå seg7) møte, støte på, motstå, gjennomgå8) utstå, tåle, fordra, finne seg i9) måle, være11) spandere, rive i12) stå som, værestand about stå og henge, henge rundtstand again ( politikk) stille til gjenvalgstand alone stå alene (uten venner e.l.) stå i en klasse for seg, være eneståendestand apart stå et stykke unna, holde seg på avstand stå utenfor, holde seg passiv ikke være som (alle) andre være i en klasse for segstand around ( hverdagslig) stå og henge, henge rundtstand aside forholde seg passiv, (bare) stå og se på gå til side, gå ut av veien trekke segstand at være, ligge påstand away holde seg unna, tre til side ( sjøfart) holde bort, holde unnastand back trekke seg bakover, trekke seg tilbake, trekke seg unna ligge tilbaketrukketstand by holde seg i beredskap, stå klar, stå parat, være for håndenbare stå og se på, bare stå der, forholde seg passiv• how can you stand by and let him ruin himself?bistå, støtte, holde medstå (fast) ved, stå forstand down gå av, trekke seg (tilbake), trekke sitt kandidatur( på arbeidsplass) permittere (britisk, jus) forlate vitneboksen (jus, om sak) utsettes ( parlamentarisk) frafalle ordet ( militærvesen) gå av vakt, hvile etter beredskap ( sjøfart) seile med vinden, seile med strømmenstand easy! ( militærvesen) på stedet hvil!, hvil!stand firm stå fast, ha en fast holdningstand for stå for, bety, representere, symbolisere• what do these initials stand for?tjene som, gjøre tjeneste somkjempe for, være tilhenger avvære kandidat til, stille til valg ved( hverdagslig) tolerere, finne seg istand for oneself stå på egne ben, klare seg (selv), være i stand til å forsvare segstand forward tre frem, stige fremstand good stå fast, være gyldig, gjelde fortsattstand good in law være lovgyldigstand high ( også overført) stå høyt i kursstand in være stand-in, vikariere• will you stand in for me tomorrow?( sjøfart) stå innover, styre mot landstand in with (amer., hverdagslig) stå på god fot med, stå seg godt med slutte seg til, støtte, hjelpe, gjøre felles sak medstand off holde seg på avstand, holde seg i bakgrunnen, holde seg unna trekke seg (unna) ( sjøfart) stå utover ( britisk) permittere, si opp midlertidigstand off and on ( sjøfart) krysse (nær land), ligge og doggestand (up)on holde på, holde fast vedbygge på, være basert på, hvile på, bero på( sjøfart) holde samme kursstand out skille seg ut, stikke seg ut, avtegne segstå ut, stikke ututmerke seg( sjøfart) stå utstand out against avtegne seg mot holde stand mot, gjøre motstand motstand out for krevestand over stå over, passe på• unless I stand over him, he will make mistakeshvis jeg ikke står over ham, kommer han til å gjøre feilintimidere, skremme, true (la) utstå, utsette(s)stand someone up la være å møte noen (som avtalt)stand still stå stille, stå i rostand still for (amer.) tålestand to ( militærvesen) stå i alarmberedskap (spesielt før daggry eller etter mørkets frembrudd) ( om å vinne eller tape) risikere, (kanskje) komme til åstand under ( sjøfart) gå for seilstand up reise seg (opp), stå (opp)stå (oppreist), stå på beina, holde seg på beinaholde, varestand up for ta i forsvar, forsvare, kjempe for, støtte, ta parti forstand up to motsi, ta til motmæle, konfrontere tåle, motståstand up with danse med være forlover forstand well with stå høyt i gunst hos -
115 cuánto
Multiple Entries: cuanto cuánto
cuanto 1 adverbiob) ( como conj):◊ cuántos más/menos seamos, mejor the more/the fewer of us there are the better;cuánto antes empecemos, más pronto terminaremos the sooner we begin, the sooner we'll finishc) ( en locs)en cuanto ( tan pronto como) as soon as; en cuanto a ( en lo que concierne) as for, as regards
cuanto 2
◊ -ta adjetivo: llévate cuántos discos quieras take as many records as you want o like;unos cuántos amigos a few friends; tiene cuánto libro hay sobre el tema she has every book there is on the subject ■ pronombre: le di todo cuánto tenía I gave her everything I had; fuimos solo unos cuántos only a few of us went
cuánto 1 adverbiob) ( uso indirecto):◊ si supieras cuánto la quiero/lo siento if you knew how much I love her/how sorry I am
cuánto 2
◊ -ta adjetivo(pl) how many;◊ ¿cuánto café queda? how much coffee is there left?;¿cuántos alumnos tienes? how many students do you have?; ¿cuántos años tienes? how old are you?; ¿cuánto tiempo tardarás? how long will you take? (pl) how many;◊ no sé cuánto dinero/cuántos libros tengo I don't know how much money/how many books I havec) ( en exclamaciones):◊ ¡cuánto vino! what a lot of wine!;¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! I haven't seen you for ages! (colloq) ■ pronombre 1 ( en preguntas) (pl) how many;◊ ¿cuánto pesas? how much do you weigh?;¿cuánto mides? how tall are you?; ¿cuántos quieres? how many do you want?; ¿a cuánto estamos hoy? what's the date today?◊ ¿cuánto falta para llegar? how long before we get there?◊ ¿cuánto cuesta? how much is it?;¿cuánto es? how much is that (altogether)? 2 ( uso indirecto): no sé cuánto puede costar/cuántos tiene I don't know how much it might cost/how many she has 3 ( en exclamaciones):◊ ¡cuánto has tardado! it's taken you a long time!
cuanto,-a
I adjetivo all: come cuanto arroz quieras, eat as much rice as you want
unas cuantas veces, a few times
II pron rel as much as: dice todo cuanto piensa, he says everything he thinks
gasta cuanto tiene, he spends all he has
III pron indef pl unos cuantos, a few
IV adverbio
1 (cantidad) cuanto más..., más, the more... the more: cuanto más trabajo, más me canso, the more I work the more tired I get
cuantos más (seamos), mejor, the more the merrier
2 (tiempo) ven cuanto antes, come as soon as possible
cuanto antes, mejor, the sooner the better Locuciones: en cuanto, (tan pronto como) as soon as (en condición de) as
en cuanto a, with respect to, regarding
en cuanto a Javier, as for Javier o as far as Javier is concerned
cuánto,-a
I adjetivo & pron interr sing how much? (pl) how many?: ¿cuánto es?, how much is it?
¿cuántos días faltan?, how many days are left?
¡cuánta gente!, what a lot of people!
II adverbio how, how much: ¿cuánto quieres a mamá?, how much do you love mummy?
¡cuánto dormiste!, what a long time you slept! ' cuánto' also found in these entries: Spanish: acostumbrar - amanecer - antes - cada - cerrojo - cómo - congelación - contumaz - costar - cuanta - cuánta - cuanto - desbandada - desorden - despojar - dicotomía - ducha - durante - embalarse - ser - estar - honda - hueso - interesar - irresoluta - irresoluto - larga - largo - limitación - moscón - mucha - mucho - mullida - mullido - rebotarse - saber - tardar - tiempo - apenas - equivaler - hoy - más - mejor - mientras - posible - vanidoso English: action - ago - ahead - altogether - as - asap - be - better - bring round - chance - come to - complaint - disagree - divorce - doze off - dread - due - duration - far - few - for - heavy - height - hold out - how - immediately - ingrained - less - line - lionise - long - more - much - play down - possible - publicity - rate - realize - respect - scrap - soon - strength - subscription - tall - term - the - unpack - wage - what - worth -
116 cuanto
Multiple Entries: cuanto cuánto
cuanto 1 adverbiob) ( como conj):◊ cuantos más/menos seamos, mejor the more/the fewer of us there are the better;cuanto antes empecemos, más pronto terminaremos the sooner we begin, the sooner we'll finishc) ( en locs)en cuanto ( tan pronto como) as soon as; en cuanto a ( en lo que concierne) as for, as regards
cuanto 2
◊ -ta adjetivo: llévate cuantos discos quieras take as many records as you want o like;unos cuantos amigos a few friends; tiene cuanto libro hay sobre el tema she has every book there is on the subject ■ pronombre: le di todo cuanto tenía I gave her everything I had; fuimos solo unos cuantos only a few of us went
cuánto 1 adverbiob) ( uso indirecto):◊ si supieras cuanto la quiero/lo siento if you knew how much I love her/how sorry I am
cuánto 2
◊ -ta adjetivo(pl) how many;◊ ¿cuanto café queda? how much coffee is there left?;¿cuantos alumnos tienes? how many students do you have?; ¿cuantos años tienes? how old are you?; ¿cuanto tiempo tardarás? how long will you take? (pl) how many;◊ no sé cuanto dinero/cuantos libros tengo I don't know how much money/how many books I havec) ( en exclamaciones):◊ ¡cuanto vino! what a lot of wine!;¡cuanto tiempo sin verte! I haven't seen you for ages! (colloq) ■ pronombre 1 ( en preguntas) (pl) how many;◊ ¿cuanto pesas? how much do you weigh?;¿cuanto mides? how tall are you?; ¿cuantos quieres? how many do you want?; ¿a cuanto estamos hoy? what's the date today?◊ ¿cuanto falta para llegar? how long before we get there?◊ ¿cuanto cuesta? how much is it?;¿cuanto es? how much is that (altogether)? 2 ( uso indirecto): no sé cuanto puede costar/cuantos tiene I don't know how much it might cost/how many she has 3 ( en exclamaciones):◊ ¡cuanto has tardado! it's taken you a long time!
cuanto,-a
I adjetivo all: come cuanto arroz quieras, eat as much rice as you want
unas cuantas veces, a few times
II pron rel as much as: dice todo cuanto piensa, he says everything he thinks
gasta cuanto tiene, he spends all he has
III pron indef pl unos cuantos, a few
IV adverbio
1 (cantidad) cuanto más..., más, the more... the more: cuanto más trabajo, más me canso, the more I work the more tired I get
cuantos más (seamos), mejor, the more the merrier
2 (tiempo) ven cuanto antes, come as soon as possible
cuanto antes, mejor, the sooner the better Locuciones: en cuanto, (tan pronto como) as soon as (en condición de) as
en cuanto a, with respect to, regarding
en cuanto a Javier, as for Javier o as far as Javier is concerned
cuánto,-a
I adjetivo & pron interr sing how much? (pl) how many?: ¿cuánto es?, how much is it?
¿cuántos días faltan?, how many days are left?
¡cuánta gente!, what a lot of people!
II adverbio how, how much: ¿cuánto quieres a mamá?, how much do you love mummy?
¡cuánto dormiste!, what a long time you slept! ' cuanto' also found in these entries: Spanish: acostumbrar - amanecer - antes - cada - cerrojo - cómo - congelación - contumaz - costar - cuanta - cuánta - cuánto - desbandada - desorden - despojar - dicotomía - ducha - durante - embalarse - ser - estar - honda - hueso - interesar - irresoluta - irresoluto - larga - largo - limitación - moscón - mucha - mucho - mullida - mullido - rebotarse - saber - tardar - tiempo - apenas - equivaler - hoy - más - mejor - mientras - posible - vanidoso English: action - ago - ahead - altogether - as - asap - be - better - bring round - chance - come to - complaint - disagree - divorce - doze off - dread - due - duration - far - few - for - heavy - height - hold out - how - immediately - ingrained - less - line - lionise - long - more - much - play down - possible - publicity - rate - realize - respect - scrap - soon - strength - subscription - tall - term - the - unpack - wage - what - worth -
117 no
[nəu] 1. adjective1) (not any: We have no food; No other person could have done it.) noben2) (not allowed: No smoking.) prepovedan3) (not a: He is no friend of mine; This will be no easy task.) noben2. adverb(not (any): He is no better at golf than swimming; He went as far as the shop and no further.) nič3. interjection(a word used for denying, disagreeing, refusing etc: `Do you like travelling?' `No, (I don't).'; No, I don't agree; `Will you help me?' `No, I won't.') ne4. noun plural( noes)1) (a refusal: She answered with a definite no.) ne2) (a vote against something: The noes have won.) glas proti•- nobody5. noun(a very unimportant person: She's just a nobody.) niče- no-one- there's no saying
- knowing* * *I [nou]adjectivenoben, nobedenof no account — nevažen, nepomembenno man — nihče, noben človek; kdor je vedno protino man's land — sporno ozemlje, military ozemlje med dvema frontamamilitary slang no bon — zanič, ne greno doubt — seveda, nedvomnono end — zelo, močno, silnono fear — brez strahu, brez bojaznino go — zaman, nemogočeand no mistake — gotovo, brez dvomano picnic — ni lahko, ni šalain no time — takoj, nemudoma, hitrono wonder — ni čudno, naravnono cards no flowers — fraza v angleških osmrtnicah (brez vabil za pogreb, cvetje hvaležno odklanjamo)II [nou]adverb (za or) ne; (s komparativom) nič, sploh nemilitary slang no compree — ne razumemno sooner... than — komaj... ženo more — nič več, ne več, nitino less than — vsaj, najmanj, nič manj odIII [nou]nounzavrnitev, odklonitev; parliament glas proti -
118 more
1 მეტი2 **my granny is no more ბებიაჩემი აღარ არის / გარდაიცვალა3 კიდევ4 უფროhe was more surprised than angry უფრო გაკვირვებული იყო, ვიდრე გაჯავრებულიonce again / more ერთხელ კიდევsay no more! ლაპარაკი აღარ გინდა! // გასაგებია!it is more than flesh and blood can stand ამას ადამიანი / მოკვდავი ვერ აიტანსI haven`t got any more money ფული აღარ მაქვს -
119 few
adj. weinig, enkele, enkel--------n. weinig, een paar, enkele; een klein aantal van--------pron. weinig, weinigenfew11 weinige(n) ⇒ weinig, enkele(n)♦voorbeelden:a faithful few • een paar trouwe volgelingenholidays are few and far between • feestdagen zijn er maar weinigno fewer than twenty • niet minder dan twintig, wel twintighe was among the few who understood • hij was een van de weinigen die het begreepa few of the chocolates • een paar chocolaatjesa few • een paar, enkele(n)a few more • nog enkele(n)quite a few • vrij veel————————few2〈determinator; fewer, vergrotende trap informeel ook less〉1 weinig ⇒ een paar, enkele♦voorbeelden:a man of few words • een man van weinig woordena few words • een paar woordenevery few days • om de zoveel dagenthe last few hours • de laatste (paar) urensome few words • (maar) een paar woorden -
120 ♦ few
♦ few /fju:/A a. e pron.1 pochi, poche; scarsi, scarse: I have few friends in this town, ho pochi amici in questa città; Few words were said, sono state dette poche parole; Few know the truth, pochi sanno la verità; Few of them knew, pochi di loro lo sapevano NOTA D'USO: - meno (less / fewer)-2 – a few, alcuni, alcune; qualcuno, qualcuna; qualche (sing.): for a few minutes, per alcuni minuti; per qualche minuto; There were only a few people at the funeral, al funerale c'era solo qualche persona; in a few days, fra qualche giorno; a few of them, alcuni di loroB n.(the few) i pochi, le poche: the few I saw, i pochi che vidi● few and far between, molto infrequenti; pochissimi; rari □ a few more, degli altri; ancora: I like these apples: I'd like a few more, queste mele mi piacciono: ne vorrei delle altre □ as few as, solo; appena □ the chosen few, i pochi eletti □ every few minutes [days], a intervalli di pochi minuti [di pochi giorni]; ogni due o tre (o tre o quattro, ecc.) minuti [giorni] □ (fam.) a good few (o quite a few), un buon numero; parecchi; un bel po': DIALOGO → - Hearing from an old friend- It's been a good few years since we last spoke, hasn't it?, sono passati un bel po' di anni da quando ci siamo sentiti l'ultima volta, vero? □ (fam.) to have had a few, essere brillo; aver alzato il gomito □ to name but a few, per citarne qualcuno □ not a few, non pochi; un bel po' □ (fam.) precious few, pochissimi; ben pochi □ some few, alcuni; taluni NOTA D'USO: - less o fewer?-.
См. также в других словарях:
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