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1 θεσμός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `settled agreement, law, custom' (ψ 196).Compounds: Compp., e. g. θεσμο-θέται, ἔνθεσμος.Derivatives: θέσμιος, τέθμιος, θέθμιος `lawful, customary' (IA. Dor. etc.); θεσμοσύνη `lawfulness' (AP).Etymology: Comparison with synonymous OIr. deidmea, Welsh deddf f. (Thurneysen KZ 51, 57f., Loth Rev. celt. 45, 184) requires an IE protoform * dhedhmo-, -ā-, either with reduplication from * dhe-dh-m-o- (- dh- zero grade of θη- in θή-σ-ω etc.?) or from * dhe-dhm-o- (- dhm- zero grade of θεμ- in θέμις etc.); s. Schwyzer 492 n. 12. θε- could be the same form as in θέ-σις a. o., with suffixes - θμ- or - σμ-; the regular breath dissimilation was in θεθμός removed through influence of θέσις.Page in Frisk: 1,667Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θεσμός
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2 θην
Grammatical information: pcleOrigin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unexplained. Acc. to Prellwitz Wb. acc. of a root noun *θή `deed' (IE * dhē) and cognate with Alb. dot `not at all' (after Pedersen BB 20, 236 \< IE * dhē-tim).Page in Frisk: 1,671Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θην
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3 ὄα
ὄα, ὄη 1.Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `elderberry tree, mountain ash, Sorbus domestica' (Thphr.);Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [297] *ei-\/oi-wā `yew'Etymology: Words, that resemble in form and meaning, are found in many languages. Thus Lat. ūva f. `grape', which like ὄα can go back on IE *oiu̯ā; a derivation of this is supposed in Arm. aigi `vine' (from *oiu̯-ii̯ā). One compared also the Baltic name of the alder buckthorn, Lith. (j)ievà, Latv. iẽva f., with which seems to agree a Slavic name of the willow, e.g. Russ. íva f. This leads again to the Celtogerman. word for `yew' (taxus), e.g. Ir. eo m., OHG. iwa f.; here further OPr. iuwis `yew'. -- Whether these words have a common origin, whether we must reckon with old loans, remains uncertain. For common origin e.g. WP. 1, 165, also Pok. 297f. (orig. colour-adj. `reddish, motley' with unproven further combinations), Specht Ursprung 63 a. 205 (also quite hypothetical). Further lit. also in W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv., further Bonfante Emer. 2, 287 f. -- From Gr. ὄα, οἴη comes Alb. vo-dhë, va-dhë (Jokl Untersuchungen 207 ff).Page in Frisk: 2,343Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄα
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4 ὄη 1
ὄα, ὄη 1.Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `elderberry tree, mountain ash, Sorbus domestica' (Thphr.);Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [297] *ei-\/oi-wā `yew'Etymology: Words, that resemble in form and meaning, are found in many languages. Thus Lat. ūva f. `grape', which like ὄα can go back on IE *oiu̯ā; a derivation of this is supposed in Arm. aigi `vine' (from *oiu̯-ii̯ā). One compared also the Baltic name of the alder buckthorn, Lith. (j)ievà, Latv. iẽva f., with which seems to agree a Slavic name of the willow, e.g. Russ. íva f. This leads again to the Celtogerman. word for `yew' (taxus), e.g. Ir. eo m., OHG. iwa f.; here further OPr. iuwis `yew'. -- Whether these words have a common origin, whether we must reckon with old loans, remains uncertain. For common origin e.g. WP. 1, 165, also Pok. 297f. (orig. colour-adj. `reddish, motley' with unproven further combinations), Specht Ursprung 63 a. 205 (also quite hypothetical). Further lit. also in W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv., further Bonfante Emer. 2, 287 f. -- From Gr. ὄα, οἴη comes Alb. vo-dhë, va-dhë (Jokl Untersuchungen 207 ff).Page in Frisk: 2,343Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄη 1
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5 θωή
θωή, ἡ,A penalty,θωὴν ἐπιθήσομεν Od.2.192
; θωὴν ἀλέεινεν Ἀχαιῶν a penalty imposed by them, Il.13.669:—[dialect] Att. [full] θωά, ἡ, IG12.114.42:— [dialect] Ion. also [full] θωϊή Archil.109, BCH50.214 (Thasos, V B.C.), prob. l. in Democr.262: [full] θωιιή, SIG58.12(Milet., V B.C.): [dialect] Att. gen. pl. θῳῶν with ι acc. to Choerob.in Theod.1.405, but v. supr. and cf. θωάω. (I.-E. dhō-, in OE. dóm 'doom', cf. dhē- in τίθημι.) -
6 θωμός
θωμός, ὁ, -
7 θῆσαι
A suckle, Hsch.; elsewh. [voice] Med., suck; Hom. has [tense] pres. inf., ἀλλ' αἰεὶ παρέχουσιν ἐπηετανὸν γάλα θῆσθαι they give milk to suck the year round, Od.4.89: [tense] aor. 1, θήσατο μαζόν he sucked the breast, Il.24.58, cf. Call.Jov.48; part., having sucked,h.Cer.
236;γάλα Call.Sos.
vii.4; but, -
8 γαμβρός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `son-in-law, bother-in-law (sister's husband)' (Il.).Derivatives: Rare and late: γαμβροτιδεύς `son of a γαμβρός' (Iamb., after λεοντιδεύς etc.), γαμβρεύω `form connexions by marriage' (LXX).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [369] *ǵ(e)mH- `marry'Etymology: The other languages have: Skt. jā́mātar- = Av. zāmātar- (with sec. - tar-, cf. Av. zāmaoya- (\< *- mavya-) `brother of the son-in-law' and Skt. jāmí- `related', f. also `daughter-in-law, Lat. gener, Alb. dhëndër, dhândër. Isolated are the Balto-Slavic terms: Lith. žéntas, OCS zętъ, Latv. znuôts (*ǵnōtos). Further one compares Skt. jārá- `suitor', with -ā- from -m̥H-? The Balto-Slavic and Albanian words will belong to *ǵenh₁- ( γίγνομαι; Lith. žéntas). Unclear is Lat. gener. - The Greek and Indo-Iranian forms with -m- must belong together, but a reconstruction is no longer possible. Greek requires *gm̥-, but this form may have lost a laryngeal (as in ἀρήν, q.v.) and be cognate with γαμέω (* gmh₁-); but the resemblance with γαμέω could be due to secondary influence. Cf. Viredaz IF 107 (2002) 152-180. Vgl. γαμέω.Page in Frisk: 1,287Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γαμβρός
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9 γόμφος
Grammatical information: m.Derivatives: γομφίος ( ὀδών) `grinder-tooth' (Ion.-Att.), γομφίτης `kind of styrax' (Aët.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 70), γομφάριον fish name (Sch.). - Denom. γομφόομαι, - όω `fasten with bolt or nails' (A.) with γόμφωσις (Gal.), γόμφωμα `frame-work, peg' (Plu.); γομφωτήρ `shipbuilder' (AP), γομφωτήριον `tenon' (Delos IIIa); γομφωτικη τέχνη `shipbuilding' (Pl.). - γομφιάζω `have toothache, gnash the teeth' (LXX) with γομφιασμός (LXX) and γομφίασις (Dsc.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [369] *ǵembh-, ǵombhos `bite; cutting tooth'Etymology: Old word for `tooth', prob. `cutting tooth': Skt. jámbha-, Alb. dhëmb, OCS zǫbъ, Latv. zùobs, Toch. A kam, B keme; cf. κόμβους ὀδόντας γομφίους H. (Illyrian? Krahe IF 60, 297). With metaph. meaning, e. g. OHG kamb `comb', and Lith. žam̃bas `sharp side'. - On the deviant meaning in Greek (from the use of the cutting teeth as pegs) s. Porzig Gliederung 184f. - Verbs in Skt. iterative jambháyati `grind'; and Lith. žembiù, žem̃bti `cut', OCS zębǫ `tear up'; on the meanings see Narten KZ 79 (1965) 255ff..Page in Frisk: 1,319-320Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γόμφος
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10 θεός
Grammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `god, goddess' (Il.);Compounds: myk. te-o. Very often in compp., e. g. ἄ-θεος, θεο-ειδής; θεόσ-δοτος after Διόσ-δοτος; on the form θεσ- s. θέσκελος, θέσπις. On θεσ- as magnifying prefix in MoGr. Georgakas Άθ. 46, 97ff.Derivatives: 1. θεά f. `goddess' (ep.; details in Lommel Femininbildungen 13f., also Wackernagel Syntax 2, 25; on θεά and fem. θεός in Hom. s. Humbach Münch. Stud. zur Sprachwiss. 7, 46ff.). 2. θέαιναι pl. `goddesses' (after τέκταιναι a. o.; in Hom. as metr. filling; not with Chantraine REGr. 47, 287 n. 1 archaic form; further Schwyzer 475 w. n. 7). 3. θεῖος `divine' (Il.; cf. below) with θειώδως adv. (pap.), θειότης `godliness' (LXX, NT, Plu.), θειάζω `prophesy, honour as god' (Th.), also with prefix, e. g. ἐπι-θειάζω `swear in the name of the gods' with ( ἐπι-)θειασμός (Th.) 4. θεϊκός `id.' (late). 5. Denomin. verb θεόω, - όομαι `make to a god, become a god' (Call.), mostly with prefix, e. g. ἀπο-θεόω `id.' (pap., Plb., Plu.) with ἀποθέωσις (Str.).Etymology: The connection with Arm. di-k` pl. `gods' (Bartholomae BB 17, 348) seems probable; further to Lat. fēriae `festive days', fēstus `feastly, fānum `temple', s. W.-Hofmann s. vv.; to Skt. dhíṣṇiya- Mayrhofer KEWA s. dhiṣáṇā. Arm. di-k` would come from IE * dhēs-es, and θεός could be *dhĕs-ós; cf. θέσ-κελος; θεῖος then from *θέσ-ι̯ος (Schwyzer 467). The ē: ĕ go back on * dheh₁s-: * dhh₁s-; this explains also the Latin forms, e.g. fānum \< * fasnom \< * dʰh₁s-nom; thus Rix, Kratylos XIV (1969) [1972] 179f. - The etymology as *θϜεσ-ός with Lith. dvasià `spirit', MHG getwās `ghost' (s. on θεῖον) can be abandoned; there is no trace of the F in Greek and it is impossible in the Armenian word.Page in Frisk: 1,662-663Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θεός
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11 θῆσθαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `suck' (δ 89);Other forms: pres. inf. (δ 89), θήσατο aor. ind. (Ω 58, Call. Jov. 48), θησάμενος (h. Cer. 236) θήσατο `suckled' (h. Ap. 123); act. θῆσαι θρέψαι, θηλάσαι H.Etymology: With the medial σ-aorist θήσατο agrees best the active s-aorist Skt. adhāsīt `suckles' (only gramm.); beside it the root aorist adhāt `id.' (AV). As present Sanskrit has dháyati, which agrees both with OCS dojǫ and with Goth. daddjan, OSwed. dæggja `suck' (with "Verschärfung" [Gemination] of the j), IE *dhh₁-ei-̯eti (s. below). With θῆ-σθαι agree also OHG tāen, Latv. dêt `suck' (IE * dhē-); both languages have a yot-present, tāju, dêju, which is possible in θῆ-σθαι (\< *θή-ι̯ε-σθαι?), which seems athematic. As the other representatives of this etymon have θη- in Greek ( θηλή, θῆλυς, τιθήνη, γαλαθηνός; also θήνιον γάλα H.; (not τιθασός), it is obvious to see in θῆσθαι an innovation after θήσατο. - Beside IE * dheh₁- in θη- (cf. in Skt. fut. dhāsyati, dhātrī `whet-nurse' etc.) stands * dhī- in Skt. dhītá- `sucked', MHG dīen `sucked, give the breast'; further Skt. dhenā `milch-cow' point to * dʰeh₁-i-. On dháyati s. above. - More forms in Bq and the etymol. dict. (W.-Hofmann s. fēlīx, fēlō, fēmina).Page in Frisk: 1,673-674Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θῆσθαι
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12 θιγγάνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `touch with the hand, occupy onseself with' (Ion. Dor. Arc.; not in real Attic or in Hom.; Wackernagel Unt. 222).Other forms: Aor. θιγεῖν (Lac. σιγῆν Ar. Lys. 1004), fut. med. προσ-θίξῃ (E. Herakl. 652; codd. - εις), τεθίξομαι (E. Hipp. 1086), aor. pass. θιχθῆναι (S. E.),Derivatives: θίξις `touch' (Hp., Arist.), θίγμα `id.' (Pergam.), `staining' ( θιγμάτων μιασμάτων H.); uncertain θίγημα (AP 12, 209; cod. φιλήματα) and θιγάνα `cover?' (Delph., Labyad-inscr. C 39).Etymology: With θιγγάνω, with its double nasalization, agrees in Lat. infixed fingō `spread, knead, form, shape', in Arm. the suffixed diz-anem `heap up'. This etymology (doubts in Schwyzer 701 and in W.-Hofmann s. fingō) presupposes however, that an original χ (IE ǵh) after nasal became γ (which is incorrect, cf. ὄμφαλος; on θάμβος s.v.); from the present the γ would have gone to the aorist θιγεῖν (for *τιχεῖν). Sanskrit has an athematic root present déhmi `smear', IE *dhéiǵh-mi, with 3. pl. ipf. ádihan (= ἔθιγον?); here also Goth. pres. ptc. dat. Þamma digandin `τῳ̃ πλάσαντι'. - Further cognates s. τεῖχος.Page in Frisk: 1,674-675Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θιγγάνω
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13 Δημήτηρ
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: the Greek mother goddess (Il.). See further Schwyzer 567f., Sommer Nominalkomp. 147,Dialectal forms: Though one might expect the name in Myc., it happens not to be found. Δαμάτηρ (Dor. etc.), also Δωμάτηρ, Δαμμάτερι (Thess.),Derivatives: Δημήτριος `belonging to D.' (A.), also as PN, from which the months name Δημητριών (Attica); Δημητρίεια pl. `feast for Demeter' (Samos IVa; after Άσκληπίεια a.o.), Δημήτρια pl. also `feast for Demetrios'; Δημητριασταί N. of the worshippers of Demeter (Ephesos; cf. Άπολλωνιασταί etc.); Δημητριακός `belonging to Demeter or Demetrios' (D. S.); Δημήτρειοι pl. name of the dead (Plu.). - Denomin. δαματρίζειν τὸ συνάγειν τὸν Δημητριακὸν καρπόν. Κύπριοι H. - Short form Δηώ (h. Cer. etc.) with Δηῳ̃ος and Δηωΐνη `daughter of D.'.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: By Kretschmer Wien. Stud. 24, 523ff., Glotta 17, 240 taken as "Mother Earth", from δᾶ, a kind of `Lallwort', perhaps Pre-Greek `Earth', and μάτηρ. There is however, no indication that δᾶ (s.v.) means `earth' (though it has also been assumed in the name Poseidon). Nach Ehrlich Betonung 62ff. (with Fraenkel Lexis 3, 50ff.), from *Δασ-μάτηρ, from IE *dm̥s-, gen. of * dem- `house' (cf. δεσπότης); rightly rejected by Kretschmer Glotta 6, 294. Pisani IF 53, 28ff. and Georgiev Urgriechen und Illyrier (Sofia 1937) 9ff., 20ff. consider the word, like Δαμία, Δμία etc. as Illyrian and compare Alb. dhe `earth' (s. χθών); rejected by Kretschmer Glotta 27, 31. Acc. to Carnoy Mélanges Bidez 71ff. Δη- is only a different development of γῆ. Cf. Fraenkel Glotta 3, 58f. (also on Δαμία, Μνία); diff. on these words (to δόμος etc.) Danielsson Eranos 1, 79f. - Cf. Messap. damatura, prob. name of a goddess (Krahe Sprache der Illyr. 1, 82); the Mess. word must be an adaptation of the Greek name; cf. Δειπάτυρος s. Ζεύς). - Heubeck, Praegraeca 75-8 starts from `Phryg.' Γδαν-μαυα\/ Γδανμαα, and sees in the first element a cognate of Gr. χθών; he suggests that the form Δω(μ-) goes back on *ghdhōn-. However, he connects the whole with his Minoan-Minyan hypothesis (a separate IE language), which is unconvincing. - On Demeter Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 456ff.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Δημήτηρ
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dhē(i)- — To suck. Contracted from *dheə₁(i) . Derivatives include female, fawn2, fetus, fennel, and affiliate. 1. Suffixed reduced form *dhē mnā . female, feme, feminine; effeminate, from Latin … Universalium
dhē- — To set, put. Contracted from *dheə₁ . Derivatives include deed, doom, fashion, defeat, feckless, sacrifice, satisfy, face, and synthesis. I. Basic form … Universalium
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dhē(i)- (besides dh-ei-?) — dhē(i) (besides dh ei ?) English meaning: to suck Deutsche Übersetzung: ‘saugen, säugen” Note: (: dhǝi , dhī̆ and dhē , dhǝ ) s. esp. Schulze KZ. 27, 425 = Kl. Schr. 363. Material: O.Ind. dhüya ḥ “ nourishing, nursing “,… … Proto-Indo-European etymological dictionary
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