derived+income

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[English Word] balance

[Swahili Word] baki

[Swahili Plural] mabaki

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] balance

[Swahili Word] kapani

[Swahili Plural] kapani

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

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[English Word] balance

[Swahili Word] kapani

[Part of Speech] noun

[Derived Word] (Persian)

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[English Word] balance

[Swahili Word] minzani

[Part of Speech] noun

[Derived Word] uzani N

[English Example] balance of forces

[Swahili Example] mizani ya nguvu

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[English Word] balance

[Swahili Word] mizani

[Swahili Plural] mizani

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

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[English Word] balance

[English Plural] balances

[Swahili Word] tarafu

[Swahili Plural] tarafu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

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[English Word] balance

[Swahili Word] taraju

[Swahili Plural] taraju

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

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[English Word] balance

[Swahili Word] urari

[Part of Speech] noun

[Swahili Example] urari wa hesabu

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[English Word] balance

[Swahili Word] usawa

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] balance

[Swahili Word] -wiana

[Part of Speech] verb

[Derived Word] wia V

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[English Word] balance (of a clock or watch)

[Swahili Word] minzani

[Part of Speech] noun

[Derived Word] uzani N

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[English Word] balance (of a clock or watch)

[Swahili Word] mizani

[Part of Speech] noun

[Derived Word] uzani N

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[English Word] balance of income and expenditures

[Swahili Word] hesabu ya mapato na matumizi

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9

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[English Word] balance of trade

[Swahili Word] hesabu ya biashara

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9

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[English Word] balance oneself

[Swahili Word] -jisuka

[Part of Speech] verb

[Derived Word] -suka v

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[English Word] balancing-pole (used in dugout canoes)

[Swahili Word] parago

[Swahili Plural] maparago

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

[Terminology] nautical

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[English Word] strike a balance

[Swahili Word] -katiana

[Part of Speech] verb

[Class] appl-assoc

[Derived Language] Swahili

[Derived Word] -kata

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[Swahili Word] kipato

[Swahili Plural] vipato

[English Word] earnings

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8

[Derived Word] pata v

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[Swahili Word] kipato

[Swahili Plural] vipato

[English Word] income

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8

[Derived Word] pata v

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[Swahili Word] kipato

[Swahili Plural] vipato

[English Word] receipts

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8

[Derived Word] pata v

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[Swahili Word] kipato

[Swahili Plural] vipato

[English Word] salary

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8

[Derived Word] pata v

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[Swahili Word] kipato

[Swahili Plural] vipato

[English Word] wages

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8

[Derived Word] pata v

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[Swahili Word] mshahara

[Swahili Plural] mishahara

[English Word] salary

[English Plural] salaries

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

[Derived Language] Arabic

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[Swahili Word] mshahara

[Swahili Plural] mishahara

[English Word] wage

[English Plural] wages

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

[Derived Language] Arabic

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[Swahili Word] mshahara

[Swahili Plural] mishahara

[English Word] income

[English Plural] incomes

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

[Derived Language] Arabic

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[Swahili Word] mshahara

[Swahili Plural] mishahara

[English Word] payment

[English Plural] payments

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

[Derived Language] Arabic

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[Swahili Word] mshahara

[Swahili Plural] mishahara

[English Word] remuneration

[English Plural] remunerations

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

[Derived Language] Arabic

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[Swahili Word] pato

[Swahili Plural] mapato

[English Word] achievement

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

[Derived Word] pata

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[Swahili Word] pato

[Swahili Plural] mapato

[English Word] acquisition

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

[Derived Word] pata V

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[Swahili Word] pato

[Swahili Plural] mapato

[English Word] earning

[English Plural] earnings

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

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[Swahili Word] pato

[Swahili Plural] mapato

[English Word] enrichment

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

[Derived Word] pata

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[Swahili Word] pato

[Swahili Plural] mapato

[English Word] income

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

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[Swahili Word] pato

[Swahili Plural] mapato

[English Word] proceeds

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

[Derived Word] pata

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[Swahili Word] pato

[Swahili Plural] mapato

[English Word] profit

[English Plural] profits

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

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[Swahili Word] pato

[Swahili Plural] mapato

[English Word] receipt

[English Plural] receipts

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

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[Swahili Word] pato

[Swahili Plural] mapato

[English Word] return

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

[Derived Word] pata

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1 incredible, tremendous (informal). (peninsular Spanish)

se armó el lío padre there was a terrible o huge fuss

fue el cachondeo padre it was a great laugh

2 great. (Mexican Spanish)

está muy padre it's really great o fantastic

3 parent.

4 neat, super.

1 father (man).

de padre y muy señor mío (informal) incredible, tremendous

hacer padre a alguien (informal) to make somebody a happy man (peninsular Spanish)

padre de familia head of the family

padre político father-in-law

2 father (religion).

Santo padre Holy Father, Pope

padre espiritual confessor

Padres de la Iglesia Fathers of the Christian Church

3 priest, father.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 father

2 RELIGIÓN (sacerdote) father

3 Padre RELIGIÓN Father

► nombre masculino plural padres

1 parents

► adjetivo

1 familiar (fenomenal) terrific

\

de padre y muy señor mío familiar almighty

no tener ni padre, ni madre, ni perrito que le ladre to be all alone in the world

ser cada uno de su padre y su madre to be an odd mixture

¡su (tu etc) padre! familiar and the same to you!

padre de familia head of the family

padre espiritual confessor

padre político father-in-law

el Santo Padre the Holy Father, the Pope

* * *

- padres

* * *

1. SM

1) (=progenitor) father; (Zool) father, sire

- no tiene padre ni madre, ni perrito que le ladre

2) pl padres (=padre y madre) parents

3) (Rel) father

4) [de disciplina] father

5) *

ADJ * (=enorme) huge

* * *

a) (fam) ( grande) terrible (colloq)

b) [estar] (Méx fam) <coche/persona> great (colloq), fantastic

1) ( pariente) father

- padre de familia

- padre de la patria

2) (Relig) ( sacerdote) father

- padre espiritual

3) Padre ( Dios)

* * *

= father, dad.

Ex. A patronymic is the name derived from the given name of the father, often by the addition of a suffix.

Ex. Tuan is his new father figure after his real dad sadly died after being poorly for a long time.

----

* Asociación de Madres y Padres de Alumnos (AMPA) = Parent-Teacher Association (PTA).

* asociación de padres = parents' association.

* asociación de padres de alumnos = Parent-Teacher Association (PTA).

* de los padres = parental.

* día del padre, el = Father's Day.

* el padre de = the father of.

* familia en la que los dos padres trabajan = dual-income family.

* formación de padres = parenting, parenting education.

* madre o padre adoptivo = foster parent.

* madre o padre biológico = biological parent.

* madre o padre de nacimiento = birth parent.

* madre o padre natural = birth parent.

* madre or padre adoptivo = adoptive parent.

* padre adoptivo = foster father, adoptive father.

* padre biológico = biological father.

* padre de familia = pater familias, family man.

* padre de nacimiento = birth father.

* padre fundador = founding father.

* padre natural = birth father.

* padres = parents.

* padres adoptivos = adopted parents.

* padres biológicos = biological parents.

* padre soltero = single father.

* reunión a la que los padres acuden con sus bebés = lapsit.

* sueño de los padres = hand-me-down dream.

* * *

a) (fam) ( grande) terrible (colloq)

b) [estar] (Méx fam) <coche/persona> great (colloq), fantastic

1) ( pariente) father

- padre de familia

- padre de la patria

2) (Relig) ( sacerdote) father

- padre espiritual

3) Padre ( Dios)

* * *

* * *

1 ( fam) (grande) terrible ( colloq)

nos dimos or nos llevamos un susto padre we got a hell of a o a terrible fright ( colloq)

se armó un escándalo padre there was an almighty o a terrible fuss

2 [ ESTAR] ( Méx fam); ‹coche/película/persona› great ( colloq), fantastic

¡qué padre! great!

A (pariente) father

mis padres my parents

cada uno es/era de su padre y de su madre they are/were all different

de padre y (muy) señor mío terrible ( colloq)

le pegó una paliza de padre y (muy) señor mío he gave him the thrashing of his life, he gave him a terrible o an almighty beating

un dolor de cabeza de padre y (muy) señor mío a terrible o an almighty o ( colloq) a splitting headache

no tener padre ni madre, ni perrito que le ladre to be all alone in the world

father, family man

( Hist) hero of the nation

los padres de la patria (fundadores) the founding fathers, the founders of the nation

veo que los padres de la patria acaban de votarse otro aumento ( iró) (diputados) I see our esteemed leaders have awarded themselves another salary increase ( iro)

B ( Relig) (sacerdote) father

el padre Miguel Father Miguel

confessor

Padre (Dios): el Padre the Father

Dios Padre God the Father

* * *

◊ mis padres my parents;

a) (fam) ( grande) terrible (colloq)

b) [estar] (Méx fam) ‹coche/persona› great (colloq), fantastic

* * *

♦ nm

1. [pariente] father;

Cervantes es el padre de la novela moderna Cervantes is the father of the modern novel;

Emilio padre Emilio senior;

cada uno es de su padre y de su madre each one is different;

de padre y muy señor mío incredible, tremendous;

hacer padre a alguien to make sb a happy man

¡tu padre! sod you!;

no tener padre ni madre ni perrito que le ladre to be without o not to have a friend in the world

padre de la patria founding father;

padre político father-in-law;

padre soltero single parent

2. [sacerdote] father

3. Rel

♦ adj inv

1. Esp [tremendo] incredible, tremendous;

se armó el lío padre there was a terrible o huge fuss;

fue el cachondeo padre it was a great laugh

2. Méx [genial] great, fantastic;

esa canción está muy padre that song is really great o fantastic;

¡ay qué padre! hey, that's great o fantastic!

♦ padres nmpl

1. [padre y madre] parents

2. [antepasados] forefathers, ancestors;

las tradiciones de nuestros padres the traditions of our forefathers o ancestors

* * *

m father;

padres pl parents;

de padre y muy señor mío terrible;

¡qué padre! Méx brilliant!

* * *

padre adj, Mex fam : fantastic, great

padre nm

1) : father

2) padres nmpl

: parents

* * *

padre n father

La palabra más familiar es dad ( papá)

   Portugal's economy, under the influence of the European Economic Community (EEC), and later with the assistance of the European Union (EU), grew rapidly in 1985-86; through 1992, the average annual growth was 4-5 percent. While such growth rates did not last into the late 1990s, portions of Portugal's society achieved unprecedented prosperity, although poverty remained entrenched. It is important, however, to place this current growth, which includes some not altogether desirable developments, in historical perspective. On at least three occasions in this century, Portugal's economy has experienced severe dislocation and instability: during the turbulent First Republic (1911-25); during the Estado Novo, when the world Depression came into play (1930-39); and during the aftermath of the Revolution of 25 April, 1974. At other periods, and even during the Estado Novo, there were eras of relatively steady growth and development, despite the fact that Portugal's weak economy lagged behind industrialized Western Europe's economies, perhaps more than Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar wished to admit to the public or to foreigners.

   For a number of reasons, Portugal's backward economy underwent considerable growth and development following the beginning of the colonial wars in Africa in early 1961. Recent research findings suggest that, contrary to the "stagnation thesis" that states that the Estado Novo economy during the last 14 years of its existence experienced little or no growth, there were important changes, policy shifts, structural evolution, and impressive growth rates. In fact, the average annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate (1961-74) was about 7 percent. The war in Africa was one significant factor in the post-1961 economic changes. The new costs of finance and spending on the military and police actions in the African and Asian empires in 1961 and thereafter forced changes in economic policy.

   Starting in 1963-64, the relatively closed economy was opened up to foreign investment, and Lisbon began to use deficit financing and more borrowing at home and abroad. Increased foreign investment, residence, and technical and military assistance also had effects on economic growth and development. Salazar's government moved toward greater trade and integration with various international bodies by signing agreements with the European Free Trade Association and several international finance groups. New multinational corporations began to operate in the country, along with foreign-based banks. Meanwhile, foreign tourism increased massively from the early 1960s on, and the tourism industry experienced unprecedented expansion. By 1973-74, Portugal received more than 8 million tourists annually for the first time.

   Under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano, other important economic changes occurred. High annual economic growth rates continued until the world energy crisis inflation and a recession hit Portugal in 1973. Caetano's system, through new development plans, modernized aspects of the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors and linked reform in education with plans for social change. It also introduced cadres of forward-looking technocrats at various levels. The general motto of Caetano's version of the Estado Novo was "Evolution with Continuity," but he was unable to solve the key problems, which were more political and social than economic. As the boom period went "bust" in 1973-74, and growth slowed greatly, it became clear that Caetano and his governing circle had no way out of the African wars and could find no easy compromise solution to the need to democratize Portugal's restive society. The economic background of the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was a severe energy shortage caused by the world energy crisis and Arab oil boycott, as well as high general inflation, increasing debts from the African wars, and a weakening currency. While the regime prescribed greater Portuguese investment in Africa, in fact Portuguese businesses were increasingly investing outside of the escudo area in Western Europe and the United States.

   During the two years of political and social turmoil following the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the economy weakened. Production, income, reserves, and annual growth fell drastically during 1974-76. Amidst labor-management conflict, there was a burst of strikes, and income and productivity plummeted. Ironically, one factor that cushioned the economic impact of the revolution was the significant gold reserve supply that the Estado Novo had accumulated, principally during Salazar's years. Another factor was emigration from Portugal and the former colonies in Africa, which to a degree reduced pressures for employment. The sudden infusion of more than 600,000 refugees from Africa did increase the unemployment rate, which in 1975 was 10-15 percent. But, by 1990, the unemployment rate was down to about 5-6 percent.

   After 1985, Portugal's economy experienced high growth rates again, which averaged 4-5 percent through 1992. Substantial economic assistance from the EEC and individual countries such as the United States, as well as the political stability and administrative continuity that derived from majority Social Democratic Party (PSD) governments starting in mid-1987, supported new growth and development in the EEC's second poorest country. With rapid infrastruc-tural change and some unregulated development, Portugal's leaders harbored a justifiable concern that a fragile environment and ecology were under new, unacceptable pressures. Among other improvements in the standard of living since 1974 was an increase in per capita income. By 1991, the average minimum monthly wage was about 40,000 escudos, and per capita income was about $5,000 per annum. By the end of the 20th century, despite continuing poverty at several levels in Portugal, Portugal's economy had made significant progress. In the space of 15 years, Portugal had halved the large gap in living standards between itself and the remainder of the EU. For example, when Portugal joined the EU in 1986, its GDP, in terms of purchasing power-parity, was only 53 percent of the EU average. By 2000, Portugal's GDP had reached 75 percent of the EU average, a considerable achievement. Whether Portugal could narrow this gap even further in a reasonable amount of time remained a sensitive question in Lisbon. Besides structural poverty and the fact that, in 2006, the EU largesse in structural funds (loans and grants) virtually ceased, a major challenge for Portugal's economy will be to reduce the size of the public sector (about 50 percent of GDP is in the central government) to increase productivity, attract outside investment, and diversify the economy. For Portugal's economic planners, the 21st century promises to be challenging.

    See also Empire, Portuguese overseas.

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[English Word] by

[Swahili Word] ya

[Part of Speech] adjective

[Swahili Example] nyumba ya mwarabu

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[English Word] by

[Swahili Word] kando

[Part of Speech] adverb

[Swahili Example] simama kando; kando ya nyumba

[Note] stand aside

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[English Word] by

[Swahili Word] mnamo

[Part of Speech] adverb

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[English Word] by

[Swahili Word] ukando

[Part of Speech] adverb

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[English Word] by

[Swahili Word] na

[Part of Speech] conjunction

[English Example] The book was written by Shaaban Robert.

[Swahili Example] Kitabu kiliandikwa na Shaaban Robert.

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[English Word] by

[Swahili Word] bi

[Part of Speech] preposition

[Dialect] archaic

[Derived Language] Arabic

[Related Words] bila, bilashi, binafsi, bismillahi

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[English Word] by

[Swahili Word] fi

[Part of Speech] preposition

[Derived Language] Arabic

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[English Word] by

[Swahili Word] kwa

[Part of Speech] preposition

[English Example] travel by car

[Swahili Example] safiri kwa motokaa [Rec]

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[English Word] by

[Swahili Word] ni

[Part of Speech] preposition

[Note] poetic for na

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[English Word] by

[Swahili Word] upande

[Part of Speech] preposition

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[English Word] by means of

[Swahili Word] bi

[Part of Speech] preposition

[Dialect] archaic

[Derived Language] Arabic

[Related Words] bila, bilashi, binafsi, bismillahi

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[English Word] by means of (class 1)

[Swahili Word] kwaye

[Part of Speech] conjunction

[English Example] She is the driver by means of whom we will arrive in Nairobi

[Swahili Example] Huyu ni dereva ambaye kwaye tutafika Nairobi

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[English Word] by means of (class 2, 3, 11)

[Swahili Word] kwao

[Part of Speech] conjunction

[English Example] it is this river by means of which the fisherpeople live

[Swahili Example] ni mto huu ambao kwao wavuvi huishi

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[English Word] by means of (class 4, 6, 9)

[Swahili Word] kwayo

[Part of Speech] conjunction

[English Example] Do you see the airplane by means of which we'll cross the ocean?

[Swahili Example] Unaona ndege ambayo kwayo tutavuka bahari?

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[English Word] by means of (class 5)

[Swahili Word] kwalo

[Part of Speech] conjunction

[English Example] This is the vehicle by means of which we can transport the crops

[Swahili Example] Hili ni gari ambalo kwalo twaweza kusafirisha mazao

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[English Word] by means of (class 7)

[Swahili Word] kwacho

[Part of Speech] conjunction

[English Example] This is the knife by means of which you can slaughter the chicken

[Swahili Example] Hiki ni kisu ambacho kwacho unaweza kumchinja kuku

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[English Word] by means of (class 8)

[Swahili Word] kwavyo

[Part of Speech] conjunction

[English Example] See the potatoes by means of which those farmers depend for income.

[Swahili Example] Ona viazi ambavyo kwavyo wakulima hawa wanategemea kipato.

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[English Word] by no means (at the end of neg. sentences)

[Swahili Word] kamwe

[Part of Speech] adverb

[Swahili Example] sitaki kamwe

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[Swahili Word] mwekezaji

[Swahili Plural] wawekezaji

[English Word] investor

[English Plural] investors

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 1/2

[Derived Language] Swahili

[Derived Word] -weka, -wekeza, uwekezaji

[Related Words] -weka, -wekeza, uwekezaji

[Swahili Definition] mtu anayenunua vitu vitakavyothaminiwa zaidi baadaye ili kukuza mapato yake

[English Definition] a person who purchases income-producing assets

[Swahili Example] Tanzania inatoa motisha kwa wawekezaji waliochagua kuwekeza hapa nchini. [ http://www.tanzania.go.tz/uwekezaji.html Tanzania National Website]

[English Example] Tanzania offers incentives for investors who choose to invest locally

[Terminology] finance

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अर्थः [In some of its senses from अर्थ्; in others from ऋ-थन् Uṇ.2.4; अर्थते ह्यसौ अर्थिभिः Nir.]

1 Object, pur- pose, end and aim; wish, desire; ज्ञातार्थो ज्ञातसंबन्धः श्रोतुं श्रोता प्रवर्तते, सिद्ध˚, ˚परिपन्थी Mu.5; ˚वशात् 5.8; स्मर्तव्यो$स्मि सत्यर्थे Dk.117 if it be necessary; Y.2.46; M.4.6; oft. used in this sense as the last member of compounds and translated by 'for', 'intended for', 'for the sake of', 'on account of', 'on behalf of', and used like an adj. to qualify nouns; अर्थेन तु नित्य- समासो विशेष्यनिघ्रता च Vārt.; सन्तानार्थाय विधये R.1.34; तां देवतापित्रतिथिक्रियार्थाम् (धेनुम्) 2.16; द्विजार्था यवागूः Sk.; यज्ञार्थात्कर्मणो$न्यत्र Bg.3.9. It mostly occurs in this sense as अर्थम्, अर्थे or अर्थाय and has an adverbial force; (a) किमर्थम् for what purpose, why; यदर्थम् for whom or which; वेलोपलक्षणार्थम् Ś.4; तद्दर्शनादभूच्छम्भोर्भूयान्दारार्थ- मादरः Ku.6.13; (b) परार्थे प्राज्ञ उत्सृजेत् H.1.41; गवार्थे ब्राह्मणार्थे च Pt.1.42; मदर्थे त्यक्तजीविताः Bg.1.9; (c) सुखार्थाय Pt.4.18; प्रत्याख्याता मया तत्र नलस्यार्थाय देवताः Nala.13.19; ऋतुपर्णस्य चार्थाय 23.9.

-2 Cause, motive, reason, ground, means; अलुप्तश्च मुनेः क्रियार्थः R. 2.55 means or cause; अतो$र्थात् Ms.2.213.

-3 Meaning, sense, signification, import; अर्थ is of 3 kinds:-- वाच्य or expressed, लक्ष्य or indicated (secondary), and व्यङ्ग्य or suggested; तददोषौ शब्दार्थौ K. P.1; अर्थो वाच्यश्च लक्ष्यश्च व्यङ्ग्यश्चेति त्रिधा मतः S. D.2; वागर्थाविव R.1.1; अवेक्ष्य धातोर्गमनार्थमर्थवित् 3.21.

-4 A thing, object, substance; लक्ष्मणो$र्थं ततः श्रुत्वा Rām.7.46.18; अर्थो हि कन्या परकीय एव Ś.4.22; that which can be perceived by the senses, an object of sense; इन्द्रिय˚ H.1.146; Ku.7.71; R.2.51; न निर्बद्धा उपसर्गा अर्थान्निराहुः Nir.; इन्द्रियेभ्यः परा ह्यर्था अर्थेभ्यश्च परं मनः Kaṭh. (the objects of sense are five: रूप, रस, गन्ध, स्पर्श and शब्द); शब्दः स्पर्शो रसो गन्धो रूपं चेत्यर्थजातयः Bhāg.11.22.16.

-5 (a) An affair, business, matter, work; प्राक् प्रतिपन्नो$यमर्थो$- ङ्गराजाय Ve.3; अर्थो$यमर्थान्तरभाव्य एव Ku.3.18; अर्थो$र्था- नुबन्धी Dk.67; सङ्गीतार्थः Me.66 business of singing i. e. musical concert (apparatus of singing); सन्देशार्थाः Me. 5 matters of message, i. e. messages; (b) Interest, object; स्वार्थसाधनतत्परः Ms.4.196; द्वयमेवार्थसाधनम् R.1. 19;2.21; दुरापे$र्थे 1.72; सर्वार्थचिन्तकः Ms.7.121; माल- विकायां न मे कश्चिदर्थः M.3 I have no interest in M. (c) Subject-matter, contents (as of letters &c.); त्वामव- गतार्थं करिष्यति Mu.1 will acquaint you with the matter; उत्तरो$यं लेखार्थः ibid.; तेन हि अस्य गृहीतार्था भवामि V.2 if so I should know its contents; ननु परिगृहीतार्थो$- स्मि कृतो भवता V.5; तया भवतो$विनयमन्तरेण परिगृहीतार्था कृता देवी M.4 made acquainted with; त्वया गृहीतार्थया अत्रभवती कथं न वारिता 3; अगृहीतार्थे आवाम् Ś.6; इति पौरान् गृहीतार्थान् कृत्वा ibid.

-6 Wealth, riches, property, money (said to be of 3 kinds: शुक्ल honestly got; शबल got by more or less doubtful means, and कृष्ण dishonestly got;) त्यागाय संभृतार्थानाम् R.1.7; धिगर्थाः कष्टसंश्रयाः Pt.1.163; अर्थानामर्जने दुःखम् ibid.; सस्यार्थास्तस्य मित्राणि1.3; तेषामर्थे नियुञ्जीत शूरान् दक्षान् कुलोद्गतान् Ms.7.62.

-7 Attainment of riches or worldly prosperity, regarded as one of the four ends of human existence, the other three being धर्म, काम and मोक्ष; with अर्थ and काम, धर्म forms the well-known triad; cf. Ku.5.38; अप्यर्थकामौ तस्यास्तां धर्म एव मनीषिणः R.1.25.

-8 (a) Use, advantage, profit, good; तथा हि सर्वे तस्यासन् परार्थैकफला गुणाः R.1.29 for the good of others; अर्थान- र्थावुभौ बुद्ध्वा Ms.8.24 good and evil; क्षेत्रिणामर्थः 9.52; यावानर्थ उदपाने सर्वतः सांप्लुतोदके Bg.2.46; also व्यर्थ, निरर्थक q. v. (b) Use, want, need, concern, with instr.; को$र्थः पुत्रेण जातेन Pt.1 what is the use of a son being born; कश्च तेनार्थः Dk.59; को$र्थस्तिरश्चां गुणैः Pt.2.33 what do brutes care for merits; Bh.2.48; योग्येनार्थः कस्य न स्याज्ज- नेन Ś.18.66; नैव तस्य कृतेनार्थो नाकृतेनेह कश्चन Bg.3.18; यदि प्राणैरिहार्थो वो निवर्तध्वम् Rām. को नु मे जीवितेनार्थः Nala.12. 65.

-9 Asking, begging; request, suit, petition.

-1 Action, plaint (in law); अर्थ विरागाः पश्यन्ति Rām.2.1. 58; असाक्षिकेषु त्वर्थेषु Ms.8.19.

-11 The actual state, fact of the matter; as in यथार्थ, अर्थतः, ˚तत्वविद्, यदर्थेन विनामुष्य पुंस आत्मविपर्ययः Bhāg.3.7.1.

-12 Manner, kind, sort.

-13 Prevention, warding off; मशकार्थो धूमः; prohibition, abolition (this meaning may also be derived from 1 above).

-14 Price (perhaps an incorrect form for अर्घ).

-15 Fruit, result (फलम्). तस्य नानुभवेदर्थं यस्य हेतोः स रोपितः Rām.6.128.7; Mb.12.175.5.

-16 N. of a son of धर्म.

-17 The second place from the लग्न (in astr.).

-18 N. of Viṣṇu.

-19 The category called अपूर्व (in पूर्वमीमांसा); अर्थ इति अपूर्वं ब्रूमः । ŚB. on MS.7.1.2.

-2 Force (of a statement or an expres- sion); अर्थाच्च सामर्थ्याच्च क्रमो विधीयते । ŚB. on MS.5.1.2. [अर्थात् = by implication].

-21 The need, purpose, sense; व्यवधानादर्थो बलीयान् । ŚB. on MS.6.4.23.

-22 Capacity, power; अर्थाद्वा कल्पनैकदेशत्वात् । Ms.1.4.3 (where Śabara paraphrases अर्थात् by सामर्थ्यात् and states the rule: आख्यातानामर्थं ब्रुवतां शक्तिः सहकारिणी ।), cf. अर्थो$भिधेयरैवस्तुप्रयोजननिवृत्तिषु । मोक्षकारणयोश्च...... Nm.

-Comp. -अतिदेशः Extension (of gender, number &e.) to the objects (as against words), i. e. to treat a single object as though it were many, a female as though it were male. (तन्त्रवार्त्तिक 1.2.58.3;6.3.34.7).

-अधिकारः charge of money, office of treasurer ˚रे न नियोक्तव्यौ H.2.

-अधिकारिन् m. a treasurer, one charged with finan- cial duties, finance minister.

-अनुपपत्तिः f. The difficulty of accounting for or explaining satisfactorily a particular meaning; incongruity of a particular meaning (तन्त्रवार्त्तिक 4.3.42.2).

-अनुयायिन् a. Following the rules (शास्त्र); तत्त्रिकालहितं वाक्यं धर्म्यमर्थानुयायि च Rām.5.51.21.

-अन्वेषणम् inquiry after a matter.

-अन्तरम् 1 another or different meaning.

-2 another cause or motive; अर्थो$यम- र्थान्तरभाव्य एव Ku.3.18.

-3 A new matter or circum- stance, new affair.

-4 opposite or antithetical meaning, difference of meaning. ˚न्यासः a figure of speech in which a general proposition is adduced to support a particular instance, or a particular instance, to support a general proposition; it is an inference from parti- cular to general and vice versa; उक्तिरर्थान्तरन्यासः स्यात् सामान्यविशेषयोः । (1) हनूमानब्धिमतरद् दुष्करं किं महात्मनाम् ॥ (2) गुणवद्वस्तुसंसर्गाद्याति नीचो$पि गौरवम् । पुष्पमालानुषङ्गेण सूत्रं शिरसि धार्यते Kuval.; cf. also K. P.1 and S. D.79. (Ins- tances of this figure abound in Sanskrit literature, especi- ally in the works of Kālidāsa, Māgha and Bhāravi).

-अन्वित a.

1 rich, wealthy.

-2 significant.

-अभिधान a.

1 That whose name is connected with the purpose to be served by it; अर्थाभिधानं प्रयोजनसम्बद्धमभिधानं यस्य, यथा पुरोडाश- कपालमिति पुरोडाशार्थं कपालं पुरोडाशकपालम् । ŚB. on MS.4.1. 26.

-2 Expression or denotation of the desired meaning (वार्त्तिक 3.1.2.5.).

-अर्थिन् a. one who longs for or strives to get wealth or gain any object. अर्थार्थी जीवलोको$यम् । आर्तो जिज्ञासुरर्थार्थी Bg.7.16.

-अलंकरः a figure of speech determined by and dependent on the sense, and not on sound (opp. शब्दालंकार). अलंकारशेखर of केशवमिश्र mentions (verse 29) fourteen types of अर्थालंकारs as follows:- उपमारूपकोत्प्रेक्षाः समासोक्तिरपह्नुतिः । समाहितं स्वभावश्च विरोधः सारदीपकौ ॥ सहोक्तिरन्यदेशत्वं विशेषोक्तिर्विभावना । एवं स्युरर्थालकारा- श्चतुर्दश न चापरे ॥

-आगमः 1 acquisition of wealth, income; ˚गमाय स्यात् Pt.1. cf. also अर्थागमो नित्यमरोगिता च H.

-2 collection of property.

-3 conveying of sense; S. D.737.

-आपत्तिः f. [अर्थस्य अनुक्तार्थस्य आपत्तिः सिद्धिः]

1 an inference from circumstances, presumption, im- plication, one of the five sources of knowledge or modes of proof, according to the Mīmāṁsakas. It is 'deduc- tion of a matter from that which could not else be'; it is 'assumption of a thing, not itself perceived but necessarily implied by another which is seen, heard, or proved'; it is an inference used to account for an apparent inconsistency; as in the familiar instance पीनो देवदत्तो दिवा न भुङ्क्ते the apparent inconsistency between 'fatness' and 'not eating by day' is accounted for by the inference of his 'eating by night'. पीनत्वविशि- ष्टस्य देवदत्तस्य रात्रिभोजित्वरूपार्थस्य शब्दानुक्तस्यापि आपत्तिः. It is defined by Śabara as दृष्टः श्रुतो वार्थो$न्यथा नोपपद्यते इत्यर्थ- कल्पना । यथा जीवति देवदत्ते गृहाभावदर्शनेन बहिर्भावस्यादृष्टस्य कल्पना ॥ Ms.1.1.5. It may be seen from the words दृष्टः and श्रुतः in the above definition, that Śabara has sug- gested two varieties of अर्थापत्ति viz. दृष्टार्थापत्ति and श्रुता- र्थापत्ति. The illustration given by him, however, is of दृष्टार्थापत्ति only. The former i. e. दृष्टार्थापत्ति consists in the presumption of some अदृष्ट अर्थ to account for some दृष्ट अर्थ (or अर्थs) which otherwise becomes inexplicable. The latter, on the other hand, consists in the presump- tion of some अर्थ through अश्रुत शब्द to account for some श्रुत अर्थ (i. e. some statement). This peculiarity of श्रुतार्थापत्ति is clearly stated in the following couplet; यत्र त्वपरिपूर्णस्य वाक्यस्यान्वयसिद्धये । शब्दो$ध्याह्रियते तत्र श्रुतार्थापत्ति- रिष्यते ॥ Mānameyodaya p.129 (ed. by K. Raja, Adyar, 1933). Strictly speaking it is no separate mode of proof; it is only a case of अनुमान and can be proved by a व्यतिरेकव्याप्ति; cf. Tarka. K.17 and S. D.46.

-2 a figure of speech (according to some rhe- toricians) in which a relevant assertion suggests an inference not actually connected with the the subject in hand, or vice versa; it corresponds to what is popularly called कैमुतिकन्याय or दण्डापूपन्याय; e. g. हारो$यं हरिणाक्षीणां लुण्ठति स्तनमण्डले । मुक्तानामप्यवस्थेयं के वयं स्मरकिङ्कराः Amaru.1; अभितप्तमयो$पि मार्दवं भजते कैव कथा शरीरिषु R.8.43.; S. D. thus defines the figure:- दण्डापूपिकन्यायार्थागमो$र्थापत्तिरिष्यते.

-उत्पत्तिः f. acquisition of wealth; so ˚उपार्जनम्.

-उपक्षेपकः an introductory scene (in dramas); अर्थोपक्षेपकाः पञ्च S. D.38. They are विष्कम्भ, चूलिका, अङ्कास्य, अङ्कावतार, प्रवेशक.

-उपमा a simile dependent on sense and not on sound; see under उपमा.

-उपार्जनम् Acquiring wealth.

-उष्मन् m. the glow or warmth of wealth; अर्थोष्मणा विरहितः पुरुषः स एव Bh.2.4.

-ओघः, -राशिः treasure, hoard of money.

-कर (

-री f.),

-कृत a.

1 bringing in wealth, enriching; अर्थकरी च विद्या H. Pr.3.

-2 useful, advan- tageous.

-कर्मन् n.

1 a principal action (opp. गुणकर्मन्).

-2 (as opposed to प्रतिपत्तिकर्मन्), A fruitful act (as opposed to mere disposal or प्रतिपत्ति); अर्थकर्म वा कर्तृ- संयोगात् स्रग्वत् । MS.4.2.17.

-काम a. desirous of wealth. (-˚मौ dual), wealth and (sensual) desire or pleasure; अप्यर्थकामौ तस्यास्तां धर्म एव मनीषिणः R.1.25. ह्रत्वार्थकामास्तु गुरूनिहैव Bg.2.5.

-कार्ष्यम् Poverty. निर्बन्धसंजातरुषार्थकार्घ्यमचिन्तयित्वा गुरुणाहमुक्तः R.5.21.

-काशिन् a. Only apparently of utility (not really).

-किल्बिषिन् a. dishonest in money-matters.

-कृच्छ्रम् 1 a difficult matter.

-2 pecuniary difficulty; व्यसनं वार्थकृच्छ्रे वा Rām.4.7.9; Mb.3.2.19; cf. also Kau. A.1.15 न मुह्येदर्थकृच्छ्रेषु Nīti.

-कृत्यम् doing or execution of a business; अभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः Me.4.

-कोविद a. Expert in a matter, experienced. उवाच रामो धर्मात्मा पुनरप्यर्थकोविदः Rām.6.4.8.

-क्रमः due order or sequ- ence of purpose.

-क्रिया (a) An implied act, an act which is to be performed as a matter of course (as opposed to शब्दोक्तक्रिया); असति शब्दोक्ते अर्थक्रिया भवति ŚB. on MS.12.1.12. (b) A purposeful action. (see अर्थकर्मन्).

-गत a.

1 based on the sense (as a दोष).

-2 devoid of sense.

-गतिः understanding the sense.

-गुणाः cf. भाविकत्वं सुशब्दत्वं पर्यायोक्तिः सुधर्मिता । चत्वारो$र्थगुणाः प्रोक्ताः परे त्वत्रैव संगताः ॥ अलंकारशेखर 21.

-गृहम् A treasury. Hariv.

-गौरवम् depth of meaning; भारवेरर्थगौरवम् Udb., Ki.2.27.

-घ्न a. (

घ्नी f.) extrava- gant, wasteful, prodigal; सुरापी व्याधिता धूर्ता वन्ध्यार्थघ्न्य- प्रियंवदा Y.1.73; व्याधिता वाधिवेत्तव्या हिंस्रार्थघ्नी च सर्वदा Ms.9.8.

-चित्रम् 'variety in sense', a pun, Kāvya- prakāśa.

-चिन्तक a.

1 thinking of profit.

-2 having charge of affairs; सर्वार्थचिन्तकः Ms.7.121.

-चिन्ता, -चिन्तनम् charge or administration of (royal) affairs; मन्त्री स्यादर्थचिन्तायाम् S. D.

-जात a.

1 full of meaning.

-2 wealthy (जातधन).

(-तम्) 1 a collection of things.

-2 large amount of wealth, considerable property; Dk.63, Ś.6; ददाति च नित्यमर्थजातम् Mk.2.7.

-3 all matters; कवय इव महीपाश्चिन्तयन्त्यर्थजातम् Śi.11.6.

-4 its own meaning; वहन्द्वयीं यद्यफले$र्थजाते Ki.3.48.

-ज्ञ a. knowing the sense or purpose; अर्थज्ञ इत्सकलं भद्रमश्नुते Nir.

-तत्त्वम् 1 the real truth, the fact of the matter; यो$र्थतत्त्वमविज्ञाय क्रोधस्यैव वशं गतः H.4.94.

-2 the real nature or cause of anything.

-द a.

1 yielding wealth; Dk.41.

-2 advantageous, productive of good, useful.

-3 liberal, munificent Ms.2.19.

-4 favour- able, compliant. (

-दः) N. of Kubera.

-दर्शकः 'one who sees law-suits'; a judge.

-दर्शनम् perception of objects; कुरुते दीप इवार्थदर्शनम् Ki.2.33; Dk.155.

-दूषणम् 1 extravagance, waste; H.3.18; Ms.7.48.

-2 unjust seizure of property or withholding what is due.

-3 finding fault with the meaning.

-4 spoiling of another's property.

-दृश् f. Consideration of truth; क्षेमं त्रिलोकगुरुरर्थदृशं च यच्छन् Bhāg.1.86.21.

-दृष्टिः Seeing profit; Bhāg.

-दोषः a literary fault or blemish with regard to the sense, one of the four doṣas or blemishes of literary composition, the other three being परदोष, पदांशदोष, वाक्यदोष; for definitions &c. see K. P.7. अलंकारशेखर of केशवमिश्र who mentions eight types of doṣas as follows: अष्टार्थदोषाः विरस, -ग्राम्य, -व्याहत, -खिन्नताः । -हीना, -धिका, सदृक्साम्यं देशादीनां विरोधि च ॥ 17

-द्वयविधानम् Injunction of two ideas or senses; विधाने चार्थद्वयविधानं दोषः ŚB. on MS.1.8.7.

-नित्य a. = अर्थ- प्रधान Nir.

-निबन्धन a. dependent on wealth.

-निश्चयः determination, decision.

-प्रतिः 1 'the lord of riches', a a king; किंचिद् विहस्यार्थपतिं बभाषे R.2.46;1.59;9.3;18.1; Pt.1.74.

-2 an epithet of Kubera.

-पदम् N. of the Vārt. on Pāṇini; ससूत्रवृत्त्यर्थपदं महार्थं ससंग्रहं सिद्ध्यति वै कपीन्द्रः Rām.7.36.45.

-पर, -लुब्ध a.

1 intent on gaining wealth, greedy of wealth, covetous.

-2 niggardly, parsimonious; हिंस्रा दयालुरपि चार्थपरा वदान्या Bh.2.47; Pt.1.425.

-प्रकृतिः f. the leading source or occasion of the grand object in a drama; (the number of these 'sources' is five:-- बीजं बिन्दुः पताका च प्रकरी कार्यमेव च । अर्थप्रकृतयः पञ्च ज्ञात्वा योज्या यथाविधि S. D.317.)

-प्रयोगः 1 usury.

-2 administration of the affairs (of a state)

-प्राप्त a. derived or understood from the sense included as a matter of course, implied; परिसमाप्तिः शब्दार्थः । परिसमाप्त्यामर्थप्राप्तत्वादारम्भस्य । ŚB. on MS.6.2.13.

-˚त्वम् Inplication.

-बन्धः 1 arrange- ment of words, composition, text; stanza, verse; संचिन्त्य गीतक्षममर्थबन्धम् Ś.7.5; ललितार्थबन्धम् V.2.14 put or expressed in elegant words.

-2. connection (of the soul) with the objects of sense.

-बुद्धि a. selfish.

-बोधः indication of the (real) import.

-भाज् a. entitled to a share in the division of property.

-भावनम् Delibera- tion over a subject (Pātañjala Yogadarśana 1.28).

-भृत् a. receiving high wages (as a servant).

-भेदः distinc- tion or difference of meaning; अर्थभेदेन शब्दभेदः.

-मात्रम्, -त्रा 1 property, wealth; Pt.2.

-2 the whole sense or object.

-युक्त a. significant, full of यस्यार्थयुक्तं meaning; गिरिराजशब्दं कुर्वन्ति Ku.1.13.

-लक्षण a. As determined by the purpose or need (as opposed to शब्दलक्षण); लोके कर्मार्थलक्षणम् Ms.11.1.26.

-लाभः acquisition of wealth.

-लोभः avarice.

-वशः power in the form of discrimination and knowledge. अर्थवशात् सप्तरूपविनिवृत्ताम् Sāvk.65.

-वादः 1 declaration of any purpose.

-2 affirmation, declaratory assertion, an explanatory remark, exegesis; speech or assertion having a certain object; a sentence. (It usually recommends a विधि or precept by stating the good arising from its proper observance, and the evils arising from its omission, and also by adducing historical instances in its support; स्तुतिर्निन्दा परकृतिः पुराकल्प इत्यर्थवादः Gaut. Sūt.; said by Laugākṣi to be of 3 kinds:- गुणवादो विरोधे स्यादनु वादो$वधारिते । भूतार्थवादस्तद्धानादर्थ- वादस्त्रिधा मतः; the last kind includes many varieties.)

-3 one of the six means of finding out the tātparya (real aim and object) of any work.

-4 praise, eulogy; अर्थवाद एषः । दोषं तु मे कंचित्कथय U.1.

-विकरणम् = अर्थ- विक्रिया change of meaning.

-विकल्पः 1 deviation from truth, perversion of fact.

-2 prevarication; also ˚वैकल्प्यम्

-विज्ञानम् comprehending the sense, one of the six exercises of the understanding (धीगुण).

-विद् a. sensible, wise, sagacious. भुङ्क्ते तदपि तच्चान्यो मधुहेवार्थविन्मधु Bhāg.11.18.15. विवक्षतामर्थविदस्तत्क्षणप्रतिसंहृताम् Śi.

-विद्या knowledge of practical life; Mb.7.

-विपत्तिः Failing of an aim; समीक्ष्यतां चार्थविपत्तिमार्गताम् Rām.2.19.4.

-विभावक a. money-giver; विप्रेभ्यो$र्थविभावकः Mb.3.33. 84.

-विप्रकर्षः difficulty in the comprehension of the sense.

-विशेषणम् a reprehensive repetition of something uttered by another; S. D.49.

-वृद्धिः f. accumulation of wealth.

-व्ययः expenditure; ˚ज्ञ a. conversant with money-matters.

-शब्दौ Word and sense.

-शालिन् a. Wealthy.

-शास्त्रम् 1 the science of wealth (political economy).

-2 science of polity, political science, politics; अर्थशास्त्रविशारदं सुधन्वानमुपाध्यायम् Rām.2.1.14. Dk.12; इह खलु अर्थशास्त्रकारास्त्रिविधां सिद्धिमुपवर्णयन्ति Mu.3; ˚व्यवहारिन् one dealing with politics, a politician; Mu.5.

-3 science giving precepts on general conduct, the science of practical life; Pt.1.

-शौचम् purity or honesty in money-matters; सर्वेषां चैव शौचानामर्थशौचं परं स्मृतं Ms. 5.16.

-श्री Great wealth.

-संस्थानम् 1 accumulation of wealth.

-2 treasury.

-संग्रहः, -संचयः accumulation or acquisition of wealth, treasure, property. कोशेनाश्रयणी- यत्वमिति तस्यार्थसंग्रहः R.17.6. कुदेशमासाद्य कुतो$र्थसंचयः H.

-संग्रहः a book on Mīmāṁsā by Laugākṣi Bhāskara.

-सतत्त्वम् truth; किं पुनरत्रार्थसतत्त्वम् । देवा ज्ञातुमर्हन्ति MBh. or P.VIII.3.72.

-समाजः aggregate of causes.

-समाहारः 1 treasure.

-2 acquisition of wealth.

-संपद् f. accomplishment of a desired object; उपेत्य संघर्ष- मिवार्थसंपदः Ki.1.15.

-संपादनम् Carrying out of an affair; Ms.7.168.

-संबन्धः connection of the sense with the word or sentence.

-संबन्धिन् a. Concerned or interested in an affair; Ms.8.64.

-साधक a.

1 accomplishing any object.

-2 bringing any matter to a conclusion.

-सारः considerable wealth; Pt.2.42.

-सिद्ध a. understood from the very context (though not expressed in words), inferable from the connection of words.

-सिद्धिः f. fulfilment of a desired object, success. द्वारमिवार्थसिद्धेः R.2.21.

-हानिः Loss of wealth

-हारिन् a. stealing money Ks.

-हर a. inheriting wealth.

-हीन a.

1 deprived of wealth, poor.

-2 unmeaning, nonsensical.

-3 failing.

निर् ind. A substitute for निस् before vowels and soft consonants conveying the senses of 'out of', 'away from'. 'without', 'free from', and be frequently expressed by 'less', 'un', used with the noun; see the compounds given below; see निस् and cf. अ also.

-Comp. -अंश a.

1 whole, entire.

-2 not entitled to any share of the ancestral property.

-अक्षः the place of no latitute; i. e. the terrestrial equator (in astronomy). ˚देशः

1 a first meridian, as Laṅkā.

-2 a place where the sun is always vertical and the days and nights are equal.

-3 the equatorial region.

-अक्षर a. Not knowing the letters, illiterate.

-अग्नि a. having lost or neg- lected the consecrated fire; स संन्यासी च योगी च न निरग्निर्न चाक्रियः Bg.6.1.

-अग्र (क) a. divisible without remain- der.

-अङ्कुश a. 'not curbed by a hook', unchecked, uncontrolled; unruly, independent, completely free, unfettered; निरङ्कुश इव द्विपः Bhāg.; कामो निकामनिरङ्कुशः Gīt.7; निरङ्कुशाः कवयः Sk.; Bh.3.15; Mv.3.39; विनयरुचयः सदैव निरङ्कुशाः Mu.3.6. ˚ता self-will, indepen- dence.

-अघ a. sinless, blameless.

-अङ्ग a.

1 having no parts.

-2 deprived of expedients or resources.

-अजिन a. skinless.

-अञ्जन a.

1 without collyrium; निरञ्जने साचिविलोलिकं दृशौ Ki.8.52.

-2 unstained, untinged.

-3 free from falsehood; तदा विद्वान् पुण्यपापे विधूय निरञ्जनं परमं साम्यमुपैति Munda 3.1.3.

-4 simple, artless.

(-नः) 1 an epithet of Śiva.

-2 N. of the Supreme Being.

(-ना) 1 the day of full moon.

-2 an epithet of Durgā.

-अतिशय a. unsurpassed, matchless, un- rivalled; निरतिशयं गरिमाणं तेन जनन्याः स्मरन्ति विद्वांसः Pt.1.3. (

-यः) the Supreme Being.

-अत्यय a.

1 free from danger, secure, safe; तद्भवान् वृत्तसंपन्नः स्थितः पथि निरत्यये Rām.4.29.12; R.17.53.

-2 free from fault, unblamable, faultless, disinterested; Ki.1.12, शक्तिरर्थपतिषु स्वयंग्रहं प्रेम कारयति वा निरत्ययम् 13.61.

-3 com- pletely successful.

-अधिष्ठान a.

1 supportless.

-2 in- dependent.

-अध्व a. one who has lost one's way.

-अनुक्रोश a. pitiless, merciless, hard-hearted. (

-शः) mercilessness, hard-heartedness.

-अनुग a. having no followers.

-अनुग्रह a. Ungracious, unkind; Bhāg.5. 12.7.

-अनुनासिक a. not nasal.

-अनुमान a. not bound to conclusions or consequences.

-अनुयोज्य a. unblamable, faultless.

-अनुरोध a.

1 unfavourable, unfriendly.

-2 unkind, unamiable; Māl.1.

-अन्तर a.

-1 constant, perpetual, uninterrupted, incessant; निरन्त- राधिपटलैः Bv.1.16; निरन्तरास्वन्तरवातवृष्टिषु Ku.5.25.

-2 having no intervening or intermediate space, having no interval, close, closely contiguous, in close contact; मूढे निरन्तरपयोधरया मयैव Mk.5.15; हृदयं निरन्तरबृहत्कठिनस्तन- मण्डलावरणमप्यभिदन् Śi.9.66.

-3 compact, dense; परितो रुद्धनिरन्तराम्बराः Śi.16.76.

-4 coarse, gross.

-5 faithful, true (as a friend).

-6 not hidden from view.

-7 not different, similar, identical.

-8 sincere, sympathetic; सुहृदि निरन्तरचित्ते (निवेद्य दुःखं सुखीभवति) Pt.1.341.

-9 abounding in, full of; निपात्यमानैर्ददृशे निरन्तरम् Rām.7.7. 54; गुणैश्च निरन्तराणि Mv.4.12. (

-रम्) ind.

1 without interruption, constantly, continually, incessantly.

-2 without intervening space or interval.

-3 closely, tightly, firmly; (परिष्वजस्व) कान्तैरिदं मम निरन्तरमङ्गमङ्गैः Ve.3.27; परिष्वजेते शयने निरन्तरम् Ṛs.2.11.

-4 immedia- tely. ˚अभ्यासः constant study, diligent exercise or pra- ctice.

-अन्तराल a.

1 without an intervening space, close.

-2 narrow.

-अन्धस् a. foodless, hungry.

-अन्वय a.

1 having no progeny, childless.

-2 unconnected, unrelated; Ms.8.198.

-3 not agreeing with the con- text (as a word in a sentence).

-4 without logical connection or regular sequence, unmethodical.

-5 without being seen, out of sight; निरन्वयं भवेत् स्तेयम् Ms.8. 332.

-6 without retinue, unaccompanied, see अन्वय.

-7 sudden, unexpected; U.7.

-8 exterminatory, without leaving any species or trace; प्रागाधारनिरन्वयप्रमथनादुच्छेदमे- वाकरोः... Mv.3.13; (com. नाशो द्विविधः--स्वान्वयविनाशः, निरन्वयविनाशश्चेति......निर्वापणादिना सजातीयज्वालोदयानर्हविनाशस्तु निरन्वयविनाशः ।).

-अपत्रप a.

1 shameless, impudent.

-2 bold.

-अपराध a. guiltless, innocent, faultless, blame- less. (

-धः) innocence.

-अपवर्त a.

1 not turning back.

-2 (in arith.) leaving no common divisor, reduced to the lowest terms.

-अपवाद a.

1 blameless.

-2 not admitting of any exception.

-अपाय a.

1 free from harm or evil.

-2 free from decay, imperishable.

-3 infallible; उपायो निरपायो$यमस्माभिरभिचिन्तितः Rām.1.1.2.

-अपेक्ष a.

1 not depending on, irrespective or independent of, having no need of (with loc.); न्यायनिर्णीतसारत्वा- न्निरपेक्षमिवागमे Ki.11.39.

-2 disregarding, taking no notice of.

-3 free from desire, secure; निरपेक्षो न कर्तव्यो भृत्यैः स्वामी कदाचन H.2.82.

-4 careless, negligent, indifferent

-5 indifferent to worldly attachments or pursuits; समुपोढेषु कामेषु निरपेक्षः परिव्रजेत् Ms.6.41.

-6 disinterested, not expecting any reward from another; दिशि दिशि निरपेक्ष- स्तावकीनं विवृण्वन् Bv.1.5.

-7 without purpose. (

-क्षा) indifference, disregard.

-अपेक्षित a.

1 disregarded.

-2 regardless.

-अपेक्षिन् a. disregarding, indifferent.

-अभिभव a.

1 not subject to humiliation or disgrace.

-2 not to be surpassed, unrivalled.

-अभिमान a.

1 free from self-conceit, devoid of pride or egotism.

-2 void of self-respect.

-3 unconscious.

-अभिलाष a. not caring for, indifferent to; स्वसुखनिरभिलाषः खिद्यसे लोकहेतोः Ś.5.7.

-अभिसंधानम् absence of design.

-अभ्र a. cloudless.

-अमर्ष a.

1 void of anger, patient.

-2 apa- thetic.

-अम्बर a. naked.

-अम्बु a.

1 abstaining from water.

-2 waterless, destitute of water.

-अर्गल a. without a bolt, unbarred, unobstructed, unrestrained, unimpeded, completely free; M.5; मरणसमये त्यक्त्वा शङ्कां प्रलापनिरर्गलम् Māl.5.26. (

-लम्) ind. freely.

-अर्थ a.

1 void of wealth, poor, indigent; स्त्रियः कृतार्थाः पुरुषं निरर्थं निष्पीडितालक्तकवत्त्यजन्ति Pt.1.194.

-2 meaningless, un- meaning (as a word or sentence).

-3 non-sensical.

-4 vain, useless, purposeless.

(-र्थः) 1 loss, detriment.

-2 nonsense.

-अर्थक a.

1 useless, vain, unprofitable.

-2 unmeaning, nonsensical, conveying no reasonable meaning; इत्थं जन्म निरर्थकं क्षितितले$रण्ये यथा मालती S. D.

-3 (a consonant) not followed by a vowel. (

-कम्) an expletive; निरर्थकं तु हीत्यादि पूरणैकप्रयोजनम् Chandr.2.6.

-अलंकृतिः (in Rhet.) want of ornament, simplicity.

-अवकाश a.

1 without free space.

-2 without leisure.

-अवग्रह a.

1 'free from restraint', unrestrained, un- checked, uncontrolled, irresistible.

-2 free, indepen- dent.

-3 self-willed, head-strong. (

-हम्) ind.

1 un- interruptedly.

-2 intensely, strongly.

-अवद्य a.

1 blameless, faultless, unblameable, unobjectionable; हृद्य- निरवद्यरूपो भूपो बभूव Dk.1.

-2 an epithet of the Supreme Being (having no passions).

-अवधि a. having no end, unlimited; कथं तूष्णीं सह्यो निरवधिरयं त्वप्रतिविधः U. 3.44;6.3; Māl.1.6.

-2 continuous; महानाधिव्याधि- र्निरवधिरिदानीं प्रसरतु Māl.4.3.

- अवयव a.

1 without parts.

-2 indivisible.

-3 without limbs.

-अवलम्ब a.

1 unsupported, without support; Ś.6.

-2 not affording support.

-3 not depending or relying on.

-अवशेष a. whole, complete, entire, (निरवशेषेण ind. completely, entirely, fully, totally).

-अवसाद a. cheerful; Gīt.

-अव्यय a. eternal, immutable.

- अशन a. abstaining from food. (

-नम्) fasting.

-अश्रि a. even; Kau. A.2.11.

-अष्ट a. Ved. driven away, scattered. (

-ष्टः) a horse twentyfour years old.

-अस्त्र a. weaponless, unarmed.

-अस्थि a. boneless.

-अहंकार, -अहंकृति a. free from egotism or pride, humble, lowly; Bg.12.13.

-अहंकृत a.

1 having no egotism or self-consciousness.

-2 without individuality.

-3 unselfish.

-अहम् a. free from egotism or self-conceit; ह्यनामरूपं निरहं प्रपद्ये Bhāg. 5.19.4.

-आकाङ्क्ष a.

1 wishing nothing, free from desire.

-2 wanting nothing to fill up or complete (as the sense of a word or sentence).

-आकार a.

1 devoid of form, formless, without form.

-2 ugly, deformed.

-3 disguised.

-4 unassuming, modest.

(-रः) 1 the universal spirit, Almighty.

-2 an epithet of Śiva.

-3 of Viṣṇu. ˚ज्ञानवादः the doctrine that the perception of the outer world does not arise from images impres- sed on the mind; Sarva. S.

-आकृति a.

1 formless, shapeless.

-2 deformed.

(-तिः) 1 a religious student who has not duly gone through a course of study, or who has not properly read the Vedas.

-2 especially, a Brāhmaṇa who has neglected the duties of his caste by not going through a regular course of study; a fool; ग्रामधान्यं यथा शून्यं यथा कूपश्च निर्जलः । यथा हुतमनग्नौ च तथैव स्यान्निराकृतौ ॥ Mb.12.36.48.

-3 one who neglects the five great religious duties or yajñas; Ms.3.154.

-आकाश a. leaving no free space, completely filled or occupied,

-आकुल a.

1 unconfused, unperplexed, un- bewildered; Ki.11.38.

-2 steady, calm; सुपात्रनिक्षेपनिरा- कुलात्मना (प्रजासृजा) Śi.1.28.

-3 clear.

-4 perspicuous; अलिकुलसङ्कुलकुसुमसमूहनिराकुलबकुलकलापे Gīt.1.

(-लम्) 1 calmness serenity.

-2 perspicuity, clearness.

-आक्रन्द a. not crying or complaining. (

-दः) a place where no sound can be heard.

-आक्रोश a. unaccused, unreviled.

- आगम a. not founded on revelation or scripture, not derived from the Vedas.

-आगस् a. faultless, innocent, sinless; कथमेकपदे निरागसं जनमाभाष्यमिमं न मन्यसे R.8.48.

-आचार a. without approved customs or usages, lawless, barbarian.

-आडम्बर a.

1 without drums.

-2 without show, unostentatious.

-आतङ्क a.

1 free from fear; R.1.63; निरातङ्को रङ्को विहरति चिरं कोटिकनकैः Śaṅkara (देव्यपराधक्षमापनस्तोत्रम् 6).

-2 without ailment, comfort- able, healthy.

-3 not causing pain.

-4 unchecked, unhampered; निरातङ्कः पङ्केष्विव पिशितपिण्डेषु विलसन् Māl. 5.34. (

-कः) an epithet of Śiva.

- आतप a. sheltered from heat, shady, not penetrated by the sun's rays. (

-पा) the night.

- आदर a. disrespectful.

-आदान a.

1 taking or receiving nothing; Mb.3.

-2 an epithet of Buddha.

-आधार a.

1 without a receptacle.

-2 without support, supportless (fig. also); निराधारो हा रोदिमि कथय केषामिह पुरः G. L.4.39.

-आधि a. secure, free from anxiety.

-आनन्द a. cheerless, sad, sorrowful.

-आन्त्र a.

1 disembowelled.

-2 having the entrails hanging out.

-आपद् a. free from misfortune or calamity. (-f.) prosperity.

-आबाध a.

1 unvexed, unmolested, undis- turbed, free from disturbance.

-2 unobstructed.

-3 not molesting or disturbing.

-4 (in law) frivolously vexatious (as a suit or cause of complaint); e. g. अस्मद्- गृहप्रदीपप्रकाशेनायं स्वगृहे व्यवहरति Mitā.

- आमय a.

1 free from disease or illness, sound, healthy, hale.

-2 untainted, pure.

-3 guileless.

-4 free from defects or blemishes.

-5 full, complete.

-6 infallible.

-7 not liable to failure or miscarriage. (

-यः, यम्) freedom from disease or illness, health, well-being, welfare, happiness; कुरूणां पाण्डवानां च प्रतिपत्स्व निरामयम् Mb.5.78.8.

(-यः) 1 a wild goat.

-2 a hog or boar.

-आमिष a.

1 fleshless; निरुपमरसप्रीत्या खादन्नरास्थि निरामिषम् Bh.

-2 having no sensual desires or covetousness; Ms.6.49.

-3 receiving no wages or remuneration.

-आय a. yielding no income or revenue, profitless.

-यः an idler living from hand to mouth.

- आयत a.

1 full-stretched or extended; निरायतपूर्वकायाः Ś.1.8.

-2 contracted, compact.

-आय- -तत्वम् shortness, compactness; निरायतत्वादुदरेण ताम्यता Ki.8.17.

-आयति a. one whose end is at hand; नियता लघुता निरायतेः Ki.2.14.

-आयास a. not fatiguing, easy.

-आयुध a. unarmed, weaponless.

-आरम्भ a. abstaining from all work (in good sense); Mb.3.82.11.

-आलम्ब a.

1 having no prop or support (fig. also); ऊर्ध्वबाहुं निरालम्बं तं राजा प्रत्यभाषत Rām.7.89.1; निरालम्बो लोकः कुलमयशसा नः परिवृतम् Mv.4.53.

-2 not depending on another, independent.

-3 self-supported, friendless, alone; निरालम्बो लम्बोदरजननि कं यामि शरणम् Jag. (

-म्बा) spikenard. (

-म्बम्) Brahman.

-आलोक a.

1 not looking about or seeing.

-2 deprived of sight.

-3 deprived of light, dark; निरालोकं लोकम् Māl.5.3; Bhāg.8.24.35.

-5 invisible. (

-कः) an epithet of Śiva.

-आवर्ण a. manifest, evident.

-आश a.

1 devoid of hope, despairing or despondent of; मनो बभूवेन्दुमतीनिराशम् R.6.2.

-2 depriving (one) of all hope.

-आशक, -आशिन् a. hopeless; अद्य दुर्योधनो राज्याज्जीविताच्च निराशकः (भविष्यति) Mb.8.74.13.

-आशङ्क a. fearless.

-आशा hopeless- ness, despair.

-आशिस् a.

1 without a boon or blessing, without virtues; आश्रमा विहिताः सर्वे वर्जयित्वा निराशिषम् Mb.12.63.13.

-2 without any desire, wish or hope, indifferent; निराशीर्यतचित्तात्मा Bg.4.21; जगच्छ- रण्यस्य निराशिषः सतः Ku.5.76.

-आश्रय a.

1 without a prop or support, supportless, unsupported; न तिष्ठति निराश्रयं लिङ्गम् Sāṅ. K.41.

-2 friendless, destitute, alone, without shelter or refuge; निराश्रयाधुना वत्सलता.

-3 not deep (as a wound).

-आस्वाद a. tasteless, insipid, un- savoury.

-आहार a. 'foodless', fasting, abstaining from food. (

-रः) fasting; कालो$ग्निः कर्म मृद् वायुर्मनो ज्ञानं तपो जलम् । पश्चात्तापो निराहारः सर्वे$मी शुद्धिहेतवः ॥ Y.3.31.

-इङ्ग a. immovable, stationary; यथा दीपो निवातस्थो निरिङ्गो ज्वलते पुनः Mb.12.46.6.

-इच्छ a. without wish or desire, indifferent.

-इन्द्रिय a.

1 having lost a limb or the use of it.

-2 mutilated, maimed.

-3 weak, infirm, frail; Kaṭh.1.1.3.

-4 barren.

-5 without प्रमाण or means of certain knowledge; निरिन्द्रिया ह्यमन्त्राश्च स्त्रियो$नृत- मिति स्थितिः Ms.9.18.

-6 destitute of manly vigour, impotent (Ved.).

-इन्धन a. destitute of fuel.

-ईति a. free from the calamities of the season; निरातङ्का निरीतयः R.1.63; see ईति.

-ईश्वर a. godless, atheistic. -˚वाद atheistic doctrine.

-ईषम् the body of a plough.

-ईह a.

1 desireless, indifferent; निरीहाणामीशस्तृणमिव तिरस्कारविषयः Mu.3.16.

-2 inactive; निरीहस्य हतद्विषः R.1.24.

(-हा), -निरीहता, -त्वम् 1 inactivity.

-2 indifference.

-उच्छ्वास a.

1 breathless, without breathing; निरुच्छ्वासं हरिं चक्रुः Rām.7.7.6.

-2 narrow, contracted; उपेयुषो वर्त्म निरन्तराभिरसौ निरुच्छ्वासमनीकिनीभिः Śi.3.32.

-3 dead; निरुच्छ्वासाः पुनः केचित् पतिता जगतीतले Rām.6.58.13. (

-सः) absence of breath; लोका निरुच्छ्वासनिपीडिता भृशम् Bhāg.4. 8.8.

-उत्तर a.

1 answerless, without a reply.

-2 un- able to answer, silenced.

-3 having no superior.

-उत्थ a. irrecoverable.

-उद्धति a. not jolting (a chariot); अभूतल- स्पर्शतया निरुद्धतिः Ś.7.1. (v. l.)

-उत्सव a. without festivi- ties; विरतं गेयमृतुर्निरुत्सवः R.8.66.

-उत्साह a.

1 inactive, indolent.

-2 devoid of energy.

(-हः) 1 absence of energy.

-2 indolence.

-उत्सुक a.

1 indifferent.

-2 calm, tranquil.

- उदक a. waterless.

- उदर a.

1 having no belly or trunk.

-2 thin (अतुन्दिल); श्रीमान्निरुदरो महान् Rām.3.16.31.

-उद्यम, -उद्योग a. effortless, inactive, lazy, idle.

उद्विग्न, -उद्वेग a. free from excitement or perturbation, sedate, calm.

-उपक्रम a.

1 without a commencement.

-2 incurable.

-उपद्रव a.

1 free from calamity or affliction, not visited by danger or adver- sity, lucky, happy, undisturbed, unmolested, free from hostile attacks.

-2 free from national distress or tyranny.

-3 causing no affliction.

-4 auspicious (as a star).

-5 secure, peaceful.

-उपधि a. guileless, honest; U.2.2. ˚जीवन a. leading an honest life. (v. l.).

-उपपत्ति a. unsuitable.

- उपपद a.

1 without any title or designation; अरे आर्यचारुदत्तं निरुपपदेन नाम्नालपसि Mk.1.18/19.

-2 unconnected with a subordinate word.

-उपप्लव a.

1 free from disturbance, obstacle or calamity, unharmed; निरुपप्लवानि नः कर्माणि संवृत्तानि Ś3.

-2 not causing any affliction or misery.

-3 an epithet of Śiva.

-उपभोग a. without enjoyment; संसरति निरुपभोगं भावैरधिवासितं लिङ्गम् Sāṅ. K.4.

- उपम a. peerless, matchless, incomparable.

-उपसर्ग free from portents.

-उपस्कृत a. not corrupted, pure; of self-denying temperament; शमेन तपसा चैव भक्त्या च निरुपस्कृतः । शुद्धात्मा ब्राह्मणो रात्रौ निदर्शनमपश्यत ॥ Mb.12.271.14.

- उपहत a.

1 not injured, unhurt.

-2 auspicious, lucky.

-उपाख्य a.

1 unreal, false, non-existent (as वन्ध्यापुत्र).

-2 immaterial.

-3 invisible. (

-ख्यम्) the supreme Brahman.

-उपाधि (क) a. without qualities, absolute.

-उपाय a.

1 without expedients, helpless.

-2 unsuc- cessful.

-उपेक्ष a.

1 free from trick or fraud.

-2 not neglectful.

-उष्मन् a. devoid of heat, cold.

-गन्ध a. void of smell, scentless, unfragrant, inodorous; निर्गन्धा इव किंशुकाः. ˚पुष्पी f. the Śālmali tree.

-गर्व a. free from pride.

-गवाक्ष a. windowless.

-गुण a.

1 stringless (as a bow).

-2 devoid of all properties.

-3 devoid of good qualities, bad, worthless; निर्गुणः शोभते नैव विपुलाड- म्बरो$पि ना Bv.1.115.

-4 without attributes; साकारं च निराकारं सगुणं निर्गुणं विभुम् Brahmavai. P.

-5 having no epithet. (

-णः) the Supreme Spirit. ˚आत्मक a. having no qualities.

-गृहः a. houseless, homeless; सुगृही निर्गृही- कृता Pt.39.

-गौरव a.

1 without dignity, undignified.

-2 devoid of respect.

-ग्रन्थ a.

1 freed from all ties or hindrances; आत्मारामाश्च मुनयो निर्ग्रन्था अप्युरुक्रमे । कुर्वन्त्यहैतुकीं भक्तिम् Bhāg.1.7.1.

-2 poor, possessionless, beggarly.

-3 alone, unassisted.

(-न्थः) 1 an idiot, a fool.

-2 a gambler.

-3 a saint or devotee who has renounced all worldly attachments and wanders about naked and lives as a hermit.

-4 A Buddha Muni.

-ग्रन्थक a.

1 clever, expert.

-2 unaccompanied, alone.

-3 deserted, abandoned.

-4 fruitless. (

-कः 1 a religious mendicant.

-2 a naked devotee.

-3 a gam- bler.

-ग्रन्थिक a. clever. (

-कः) a naked mendicant, a Jaina mendicant of the Digambara class.

-घटम् 1 a free market.

-2 a crowded market.

-घण्टः See निघण्टः.

-घृण a.

1 cruel, merciless, pitiless.

-2 shame- less, immodest.

-घृणा cruelty.

-घोष a. noiseless, still, calm.

-जन a.

1 tenantless, uninhabited, unfrequented, lonely, desolate.

-2 without any retinue or attendants; भूयश्चैवाभिरक्षन्तु निर्धनान्निर्जना इव Mb.12.151.7. (

-नम्) a desert, solitude, lonely place.

-जन्तु a. free from living germs; H. Yoga.

-जर a.

1 young, fresh.

-2 imperishable, immortal. (

-रः) a deity, god; (nom. pl. निर्जराः -निर्जरसः) (

-रम्) ambrosia, nectar.

-जरायु a. Ved. skinless.

-जल a.

1 waterless, desert, destitute of water.

-2 not mixed with water. (

-लः) a waste, desert. ˚एकादशी N. of the eleventh day in the bright half of Jyeṣṭha.

-जाड्य free from coldness.

-जिह्वः a frog.

-जीव a.

1 lifeless.

-2 dead; चिता दहति निर्जीवं चिन्ता दहति जीवितम्.

-ज्ञाति a. having no kinsmen, alone.

-ज्वर a. feverless, healthy.

-दण्डः a Śūdra.

-दय a.

1 merci- less, cruel, pitiless, unmerciful, unkind.

-2 passion- ate.

-3 very close, firm or fast, strong, excessive, violent; मुग्धे विधेहि मयि निर्दयदन्तदंशम् Gīt.1; निर्दयरति- श्रमालसाः R.19.32; निर्दयाश्लेषहेतोः Me.18.

-4 unpitied by any; निर्दया निर्नमस्कारास्तन्मनोरनुशासनम् Ms.9.239.

-दयम् ind.

1 unmercifully, cruelly.

-2 violently, excessively; न प्रहर्तुमलमस्मि निर्दयम् R.11.84.

-दश a. more than ten days old; यदा पशुर्निर्दशः स्यादथ मेध्यो भवे- दिति Bhāg.9.7.11.

- दशन a. toothless.

-दाक्षिण्य a. uncourteous.

-दुःख a.

1 free from pain, painless.

-2 not causing pain.

-दैन्य a. happy, comfortable.

-दोष a.

1 faultless, defectless; न निर्दोषं न निर्गुणम्

-2 guiltless, innocent.

-द्रव्य a.

1 immaterial.

-2 without property, poor.

-द्रोह a. not hostile, friendly, well-disposed, not malicious.

-द्वन्द्व a.

1 indifferent in regard to opposite pairs of feelings (pleasure or pain), neither glad nor sorry; निर्द्वन्द्वो निर्ममो भूत्वा चरिष्यामि मृगैः सह Mb.1.85.16; निर्द्वन्द्वो नित्यसत्त्वस्थो निर्योगक्षेम आत्मवान् Bg.2.45.

-2 not dependent upon another, independent.

-3 free from jealousy or envy.

-4 not double.

-5 not contested, un- disputed.

-6 not acknowledging two principles.

-धन a. without property, poor, indigent; शशिनस्तुल्यवंशो$पि निर्धनः परिभूयते Chāṇ.82. (

-नः) an old ox. ˚ता, ˚त्वम् poverty, indigence.

-धर्म a. unrighteous, impious, unholy.

-धूम a. smokeless.

-धौत a. cleansed, rendered clean; निर्धौत- दानामलगण्डभित्तिर्वन्यः सरित्तो गज उन्ममज्ज R.5.43.

-नमस्कार a.

1 not courteous or civil, not respecting any one.

-2 disrespected, despised.

-नर a. abandoned by men, deserted.

-नाणक a. coinless, penniless; Mk.2.

-नाथ a. without a guardian or master. ˚ता

1 want of protection.

-2 widowhood.

-3 orphanage.

-नाभि a. going or reaching beyond the navel; निर्नाभि कौशेयमुपात्तबाणम् Ku.7.7.

-नायक a. having no leader or ruler, anarchic.

-नाशन, -नाशिन् a. expelling, banishing.

-निद्र a. sleepless, wakeful.

-निमित्त a.

1 causeless.

-2 disinterested.

-निमेष a. not twinkling.

-बन्धु a. without kindred or relation, friendless.

-बल n. powerless, weak, feeble.

-बाध a.

1 unobstructed.

-2 unfrequented, lonely, solitary.

-3 unmolested.

(-धः) 1 a part of the marrow.

-2 a knob.

-बीज a. seedless, impotent. (

-जा) a sort of grape (Mar. बेदाणा).

-बुद्धि a. stupid, ignorant, foolish.

-बुष, -बुस a. unhusked, freed from chaff.

-भक्त a. taken without eating (as a medicine).

-भय a.

1 fearless, undaunted.

-2 free from danger, safe, secure; निर्भयं तु भवेद्यस्य राष्ट्रं बाहुबलाश्रितम् Ms.9.255.

-भर a.

1 excessive, vehement, violent, much, strong; त्रपाभरनिर्भर- स्मरशर &c. Gīt.12; तन्व्यास्तिष्ठतु निर्भरप्रणयिता मानो$पि रम्यो- दयः Amaru.47.

-2 ardent.

-3 fast, close (as embrace); कुचकुम्भनिर्भरपरीरम्भामृतं वाञ्छति Gīt.; परिरभ्य निर्भरम् Gīt.1.

-4 sound, deep (as sleep).

-5 full of, filled with (at the end of comp.); आनन्द˚, गर्व˚ &c. (

-रः) a servant receiving no wages. (

-रम्) excess. (

-रम् ind.)

1 ex- cessively, exceedingly, intensely.

-2 soundly.

-भाग्य a. unfortunate, unlucky.

-भाज्य a. to be separated; स निर्भाज्यः स्वकादंशात् किंचिद्दत्वोपजीवनम् Ms.9.27.

-भृतिः a. without wages, hireless.

-भोगः a. not fond of plea- sures.

-मक्षिक a. 'free from flies', undisturbed, private, lonely. (

-कम्) ind. without flies, i. e. lonely, private; कृतं भवतेदानीं निर्मक्षिकम् Ś.2,6.

-मज्ज a. fatless, meagre.

-मत्सर a. free from envy, unenvious; निर्मत्सरे मत्समे वत्स... वसुन्धराभारमारोप्य Rāmāyaṇachampū.

-मत्स्य a. fishless.

-मद a.

1 not intoxicated, sober, quiet.

-2 not proud, humble.

-3 sad, sorry.

-4 not in rut (as an elephant).

-मनुज, -मनुष्य a. tenantless, uninhabited, deserted by men.

-मन्तु a. faultless, innocent.

-मन्त्र a.

1 a ceremony, unaccompanied by holy texts.

-2 not familiar with holy texts; Mb.12.36.43.

-मन्यु, -मन्युक a. free from anger; Mb.5.133.4.

-मम a.

1 free from all connections with the outer world, who has renounced all worldly ties; संसारमिव निर्ममः (ततार) R.12.6; Bg.2.71; निराशीर्निर्ममो भूत्वा युध्यस्व विगतज्वरः 3.3.

-2 unselfish, disinterested.

-3 indifferent to (with loc.); निर्ममे निर्ममो$र्थेषु मथुरां मधुराकृतिः R.15.28; प्राप्तेष्वर्थेषु निर्ममाः Mb.

-4 an epithet of Śiva.

-मर्याद a.

1 boundless, immeasurable.

-2 transgressing the limits of right or propriety, unrestrained, unruly, sinful, criminal; मनुजपशुभिर्निर्मर्यादैर्भवद्भिरुदायुधैः Ve.3.22.

-3 confused.

-4 insolent, immodest. (

-दम्) ind. confusedly, topsy- turvy. (

-दम्) confusion, disorder.

-मल a.

1 free from dirt or impurities, clear, pure, stainless, unsullied (fig. also); नीरान्निर्मलतो जनिः Bv.1.63.

-2 resplendent, bright; Bh.1.56.

-3 sinless, virtuous; निर्मलाः स्वर्गमायान्ति सन्तः सुकृतिनो यथा Ms.8.318.

(-लम्) 1 talc.

-2 the remainings of an offering made to a deity. ˚उपलः a crystal.

- मशक a. free from gnats.

-मांस a. fleshless; स्वल्प- स्नायुवसावशेषमलिनं निर्मांसमप्यस्थिकम् Bh.2.3.

-मान a.

1 without self-confidence.

-2 free from pride.

-मानुष a. uninhabited, desolate.

-मार्ग a. roadless, pathless.

-मिथ्य a. not false, true; H. Yoga.

-मुटः 1 a tree bearing large blossoms.

-2 the sun.

-3 a rogue. (

-टम्) a large free market or fair.

-मूल a.

1 rootless (as a tree).

-2 baseless, unfounded (statement, charge &c.).

-3 eradicated.

-मेघ a. cloudless.

-मेध a. without un- derstanding, stupid, foolish, dull.

-मोह a. free from illusion. (

-हः) an epithet of Śiva.

-यत्न a. inactive, lazy, dull.

-यन्त्रण a.

1 unrestrained, unobstructed, uncontrolled, unrestricted.

-2 unruly, self-willed, in- dependent.

(-णम्) 1 squeezing out.

-2 absence of restraint, independence.

-यशस्क a. without fame, dis- creditable, inglorious.

-युक्त a.

1 constructed, built.

-2 directed.

-3 (in music) limited to metre and mea- sure.

-युक्ति f.

1 disunion.

-2 absence of connection or government.

-3 unfitness, impropriety.

-युक्तिक a.

1 disjoined, unconnected.

-2 illogical, unmeaning.

-3 unfit, improper.

-यूथ a. separated from the herd, strayed from the flock (as an elephant).

-यूष = निर्यास.

-योगक्षेम a. free from care (about acquisition); Bg.2. 45.

-रक्त a. (

-नीरक्त) colourless, faded.

-रज, -रजस्क a.

(-नीरज, नीरजस्क) 1 free from dust.

-2 devoid of passion or darkness. (

-जः) an epithet of Śiva.

-रजस् (नरिजस्) a. see

नीरज. (-f.) a woman not men- struating. ˚तमसा absence of passion or darkness.

-रत (नीरत) a. not attached to, indifferent.

-रन्ध्र a.

(नीरन्ध्र) 1 without holes or interstices, very close or contiguous, thickly situated; नीरन्ध्रनीरनिचुलानि सरित्तटानि U.2.23.

-2 thick, dense.

-3 coarse, gross.

-रव a. (

-नीरव) not making any noise, noiseless; गतिविभ्रमसाद- नीरवा (रसना) R.8.58.

-रस a.

(नीरस) 1 tasteless, unsavoury, flavourless.

-2 (fig.) insipid, without any poetic charm; नीरसानां पद्मानाम् S. D.1.

-3 sapless, without juice, withered or dried up; Ś. Til.9.

-4 vain, use- less, fruitless; अलब्धफलनीरसान् मम विधाय तस्मिन् जने V.2.11.

-5 disagreeable.

-6 cruel, merciless. (

-सः) the pomegranate.

- रसन a. (

नीरसन) having no girdle (रसना); Ki.5.11.

-रुच् a. (

नीरुच्) without lustre, faded, dim; परिमलरुचिराभिर्न्यक्कृतास्तु प्रभाते युवतिभिरुप- भोगान्नीरुचः पुष्पमालाः Śi.11.27.

-रुज्, -रुज a. (नीरुज्, नीरुज) free from sickness, healthy, sound; नीरुजस्य किमौषधैः H.1.

-रूप a. (नीरूप) formless, shapeless.

(-पः) 1 air, wind.

-2 a god. (

-पम्) ether.

-रोग a. (नीरोग) free from sickness or disease, healthy, sound; यथा नेच्छति नीरोगः कदाचित् सुचिकित्सकम् Pt.1.118.

-लक्षण a.

1 having no auspicious marks, ill-featured.

-2 undisting- uished.

-3 unimportant, insignificant.

-4 unspotted.

-5 having a white back.

-लक्ष्य a. invisible.

-लज्ज a. shameless, impudent.

-लाञ्छनम् the marking of dome- stic animals (by perforating the nose &c.).

-लिङ्ग a. having no distinguishing or characteristic marks.

-लिप्त a.

1 unanointed.

-2 undefiled, unsullied.

-3 indifferent to.

(-प्तः) 1 N. of Kṛiṣṇa.

-2 a sage.

-लून a. cut through or off.

-लेप a.

1 unsmeared, unanointed; निर्लेपं काञ्चनं भाण्डमद्भिरेव विशुध्यति Ms.5.112.

-2 stainless, sinless. (

-पः) a sage.

-लोभ a. free from desire or avarice, unavaricious.

-लोमन् a. devoid of hair, hairless.

-वंश a. without posterity, childless.

- वचन a.

1 not speaking, silent.

-2 unobjectionable, blameless; (for other senses see the word separately).

-नम् ind. silently; माल्येन तां निर्वचनं जघान Ku.7.19.

-वण, -वन a.

1 being out of a wood.

-2 free from woods.

-3 bare, open.

-वत्सल a. not loving or fondling (esp. children); निर्वत्सले सुतशतस्य विपत्तिमेतां त्वं नानुचिन्तयसि Ve.5.3.

-वर = निर्दरम् q. v.

-वसु a. destitute of wealth, poor.

-वाच्य a.

1 not fit to be said.

-2 blameless, unobjectionable; सखीषु निर्वाच्य- मधार्ष्ट्यदूषितं प्रियाङ्गसंश्लेषमवाप मानिनी Ki.8.48.

-वात a. free or sheltered from wind, calm, still; हिमनिष्यन्दिनी प्रातर्निर्वातेव वनस्थली R.15.66. (

-तः) a place sheltered from or not exposed to wind; निर्वाते व्यजनम् H.2.124.

-वानर a. free from monkeys.

-वायस a. free from crows.

-वार्य a.

1 irresistible.

-2 acting fearlessly or boldly.

-विकल्प, -विकल्पक a.

1 not admitting an alternative.

-2 being without determination or resolu- tion.

-3 not capable of mutual relation.

-4 conditioned.

-5 undeliberative.

-6 recognizing no such distinction as that of subject and object, or of the knower and the known; as applied to समाधि or contemplation, it is 'an exclusive concentration upon the one entity without distinct and separate consciousness of the knower, the known, and the knowing, and without even self-consciousness'; निर्विकल्पकः ज्ञातृज्ञानादिविकल्पभेद- लयापेक्षः; नो चेत् चेतः प्रविश सहसा निर्विकल्पे समाधौ Bh.3.61; आत्मारामा विहितरतयो निर्विकल्पे समाधौ Ve.1.23.

-7 (in phil.) not arising from the relation of the qualifier and the qualified, (विशेषणविशेष्यसंबन्धानवगाहि प्रत्यक्षं ज्ञानम्) said of knowledge not derived from the senses, as घटत्व. (

-ल्पम्) ind. without hesitation or wavering.

-विकार a.

1 unchanged, unchangeable, immutable.

-2 not dispos- ed; तौ स्थास्यतस्ते नृपती निदेशे परस्परावग्रहनिर्विकारौ M.5.14.

-3 disinterested; तरुविटपलतानां बान्धवो निर्विकारः Ṛs.2.28. (

-रः) the Supreme deity.

-विकास a. unblown.

-विघ्न a. uninterrupted, unobstructed, free from impediments; निर्विघ्नं कुरु मे देव सर्वकार्येषु सर्वदा. (

-घ्नम्) absence of impedi- ment.

-विचार a. not reflecting, thoughtless, incon- siderate; रे रे स्वैरिणि निर्विचारकविते मास्मत्प्रकाशीभव Chandr. 1.2. (

-रम्) ind. thoughtlessly, unhesitatingly.

-वि- चिकित्स a. free from doubt or reflection.

-विचेष्ट a. motionless, insensible; यो हि दिष्टमुपासीनो निर्विचेष्टः सुखं शयेत् Mb.3.32.14.

-वितर्क a. unreflecting.

-विनोद a. without amusement, void of pastime, diversion or solace; शङ्के रात्रौ गुरुतरशुचं निर्विनोदां सखीं ते Me.9.

-विन्ध्या N. of a river in the Vindhya hills; निर्विन्ध्यायाः पथि भव रसाभ्यन्तरः सन्निपत्य Me.28.

-विमर्श a.

1 void of reflec- tion, thoughtless.

-2 not having विमर्श Sandhi.

-विवर a.

1 having no opening or cavity.

2 without interstices or interval, close, compact; घटते हि संहततया जनितामिदमेव निर्विवरतां दधतोः Śi.9.44.

-विवाद a.

1 not contending or disagreeing.

-2 undisputed, not contra- dicted or disputed, universally acknowledged.

-विवेक a. indiscreet, void of judgment, wanting in discrimination, foolish.

-विशङ्क a. fearless, undaunted, confident; Ms.7.176; यस्मिन्कृत्यं समावेश्य निर्विशङ्केन चेतसा । आस्यते सेवकः स स्यात् कलत्रमिव चापरम् ॥ Pt.1.85.

-विशेष a. showing or making no difference, indiscriminating, without dis- tinction; निर्विशेषा वयं त्वयि Mb.; निर्विशेषो विशेषः Bh.3.5. 'a difference without distinction'.

-2 having no difference, same, like, not differing from (oft. in comp.); निर्विशेषाकृति 'having the same form'; प्रवातनीलो- त्पलनिर्विशेषम् Ku.1.46; स निर्विशेषप्रतिपत्तिरासीत् R.14.22.

-3 indiscriminate, promiscuous. (

-षः) absence of difference. (निर्विशेषम् and निर्विशेषेण are used adverbially in the sense of 'without difference', 'equally', indiscrimi- nately'; क्रुद्धेन विप्रमुक्तो$यं निर्विशेषं प्रियाप्रिये Rām.7.22.41. स्वगृहनिर्विशेषमत्र स्थीयताम् H.1; R.5.6.).

-विशेषण a. without attributes.

-विष a. poisonless (as a snake); निर्विषा डुण्डुभाः स्मृताः.

-विषङ्ग a. not attached, indifferent.

-विषय a.

1 expelled or driven away from one's home, residence or proper place; मनोनिर्विषयार्थकामया Ku.5.38; R.9.32; also

-निर्विषयीकृत; वने प्राक्कलनं तीर्थं ये ते निर्विषयी- कृताः Rām.2.14.4.

-2 having no scope or sphere of action; किंच एवं काव्यं प्रविरलविषयं निर्विषयं वा स्यात् S. D.1.

-3 not attached to sensual objects (as mind).

-विषाण a. destitute of horns.

-विहार a. having no pleasure.

-वीज, -बीज a.

1 seedless.

-2 impotent.

-3 causeless.

-वीर a.

1 deprived of heroes; निर्वीरमुर्वीतलम् P. R.1.31.

-2 cowardly.

-वीरा a woman whose husband and children are dead.

-वीर्य a. powerless, feeble, unmanly, impotent; निर्वीर्यं गुरुशापभाषितवशात् किं मे तवेवायुधम् Ve.3.34.

-वीरुध, -वृक्ष a. treeless.

-वृत्ति f. accomplishment, achievement; अत आसां निर्वृत्त्या अपवर्गः स्यात् । आतण्डुलनिर्वृत्तेः आ च पिष्टनिर्वृत्तेरभ्यास इति ॥ ŚB. on MS.11.1.27. -a. having no occupation, destitute. See निर्वृति.

-वृष a. depriv- ed of bulls.

-वेग a. not moving, quiet, calm.

-वेतन a honorary, unsalaried.

-वेद a. not acknowledging the Vedas, an atheist, infidel.

-वेष्टनम् a. a weaver's shuttle.

-वैर a. free from enmity, amicable, peaceable. (

-रम्) absence of enmity.

-वैलक्ष्य a. shameless.

-व्यञ्जन a.

1 straight-forward.

-2 without condiment. (

-नम् ind.) plainly, in a straight-forward or honest manner.

-व्यथ, -न a.

1 free from pain.

-2 quiet, calm.

-व्यथनम् a hole; छिद्रं निर्व्यथनम् Ak.

-व्यपेक्ष a. indifferent to, regardless of; मृग्यश्च दर्भाङ्कुरनिर्व्यपेक्षास्तवागतिज्ञं समबोधयन् माम् R.13.25;14.39.

-व्यलीक a.

1 not hurting or offending.

-2 without pain.

-3 pleased, doing anything willingly.

-4 sincere, genuine, undissembling.

-व्यवधान a. (ground) uncovered, bare.

-व्यवश्थ a. moving hither and thither.

-व्यसन a. free from bad inclination.

-व्याकुल a. calm.

-व्याघ्र a. not haunted or infested by tigers.

-व्याज a.

1 candid, upright, honest, plain.

-2 without fraud, true, genuine.

-3 got by heroism or daring deeds (not by fraud or cowardly conduct); अशस्त्रपूतनिर्व्याजम् (महामांसम्) Māl.5.12. (v. l.)

-4 not hypocritical; धर्मस्य निर्व्याजता (विभूषणम्) Bh.2.82. (

-जम् ind.) plainly, honestly, candidly; निर्व्याजमालिङ्गितः Amaru.85.

-व्याजीकृत a. made plain, freed from deceit.

-व्यापार a.

1 without employment or business, free from occupation; तं दधन्मैथिलीकण्ठनिर्व्यापारेण बाहुना R.15.56.

-2 motionless; U.6.

-व्यावृत्ति a. not invol- ving any return (to worldly existence).

-व्रण a.

1 un- hurt, without wounds.

-2 without rents.

-व्रत a. not observing vows.

-व्रीड a. shameless, impudent.

-हिमम् cessation of winter.

-हेति a. weaponless.

-हेतु a. cause- less, having no cause or reason.

-ह्रीक a.

1 shameless, impudent.

-2 bold, daring.

[English Word] investor

[English Plural] investors

[Swahili Word] mwekezaji

[Swahili Plural] wawekezaji

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 1/2

[Derived Language] Swahili

[Derived Word] -weka, -wekeza, uwekezaji

[Related Words] -weka, -wekeza, uwekezaji

[English Definition] a person who purchases income-producing assets

[Swahili Definition] mtu anayenunua vitu vitakavyothaminiwa zaidi baadaye ili kukuza mapato yake

[English Example] Tanzania offers incentives for investors who choose to invest locally

[Swahili Example] Tanzania inatoa motisha kwa wawekezaji waliochagua kuwekeza hapa nchini. [ http://www.tanzania.go.tz/uwekezaji.html Tanzania National Website]

[Terminology] finance

------------------------------------------------------------

(a) FINANCE extraordinary general meeting assemblée f générale extraordinaire;

∎ to call an extraordinary general meeting of the shareholders convoquer d'urgence les actionnaires

(b) ACCOUNTANCY extraordinary expenses frais m pl ou dépenses f pl extraordinaires;

extraordinary income produits m pl exceptionnels;

extraordinary item poste m extraordinaire;

extraordinary profit or loss résultat m exceptionnel

•

- available assets

- basic production assets

- blocked assets

- business assets

- capital assets

- carry-over assets

- cash assets

- circulating assets

- clearing assets

- common property assets

- concealed assets

- contingent assets

- convertible assets

- corporate assets

- currency assets

- current assets

- dead assets

- deferred assets

- depletable assets

- depreciable assets

- earmarked assets

- earning assets

- economic assets

- enterprise assets

- equitable assets

- external assets

- fictitious assets

- financial assets

- fixed assets

- floating assets

- foreign assets

- foreign exchange assets

- foreign reserves assets

- free assets

- frozen assets

- government assets abroad

- gross assets

- hidden assets

- higher-yielding assets

- high-risk assets

- hypothecated assets

- illiquid assets

- impaired assets

- income-generating assets

- intangible assets

- interest sensitive assets

- investable assets

- invisible assets

- liquid assets

- long-lived assets

- material assets

- miscellaneous assets

- monetary assets

- movable assets

- negotiable income producing assets

- net assets

- net current assets

- net equity assets

- nominal assets

- nonchargeable assets

- nonearning assets

- nonliquid assets

- nonmarketable assets

- nonmaterial assets

- nonmonetary assets

- nonoperating assets

- nonperforming assets

- obsolescent assets

- operating assets

- original assets

- other assets

- owned assets

- partnership assets

- pension fund assets

- permanent assets

- personal assets

- pledged assets

- productive assets

- property assets

- rate-sensitive assets

- ready assets

- real assets

- remaining assets

- reserve assets

- residual assets

- retired assets

- short-term assets

- short-term liquid assets

- sticky assets

- tangible assets

- tangible capital assets

- total assets

- total assetss under management

- underbid assets

- underlying real assets

- unsold assets

- upstream assets

- working assets

- assets of a bank

- assets of a company

- assets of an enterprise

- assets of low unit cost

- assets under management

- administer the assets

- conceal assets

- dispose of the debtor's assets

- freeze assets

- hold assets

- lease assets

- place assets in a trust

- realize assets

- safeguard customer assets

- shift assets

- unfreeze assets

- assets derived from the increase in outstanding capital stock

- assets held abroad

- assets and liabilities

- useful life of an assets

fructus, a, um, Part., from fruor.

fructus, ūs (archaic gen. sing. fructuis, Varr. ap. Non. 492, 14; id. R. R. 1, 2, 19; cf. Gell. 4, 16:

fructi,

Cato, R. R. 4; Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 16; Turp. ap. Non. 491, 7), m. [fruor], an enjoying, enjoyment.

In abstracto.

Lit. (perh. only ante- and post-class.): Ol. Mea est haec. St. Scio; sed meus fructus est prior, i. e. use and enjoyment, for ususfructus (q. v. under usus), Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 16; Dig. 7, 8, 14.—

Trop. (class. but rare):

hoc tam singulare vestrum beneficium ad animi mei fructum atque laetitiam duco esse permagnum,

for my mental enjoyment, Cic. Agr. 2, 2, 5: qui propter odium fructum oculis (dat.) ex ejus casu capere vellent, to feast their eyes on, Nep. Eum. 11 (cf.:

spectatumne huc, ut rem fruendam oculis, sociorum caedes venimus?

Liv. 22, 14, 4).—Far more freq.,

Transf., concr., the enjoyment that proceeds from a thing, proceeds, produce, product, fruit, profit, income (very freq. and class.; in sing. and plur.; cf.: fruges, fetus, frumentum).

Lit.: quod earum rerum videa tur ei levis fructus, exiguus usus, incertus dominatus, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 17; cf.:

pecudes partim esse ad usum hominum, partim ad fructum, partim ad vescendum procreatas,

id. Leg. 1, 8, 25; Varr. R. R. 1, 37, 4; cf.

also ususfructus, under usus: frugum fructuumque reliquorum perceptio,

Cic. Off. 2, 3, 12:

fructum ex aliqua re percipere or capere,

id. ib. 2, 4, 14:

quoniam fructum arbitror esse fundi eum, qui ex eo satus nascitur utilis ad aliquam rem, etc.,

Varr. R. R. 1, 23, 1:

ruri si recte habitaveris, fructi plus capies,

Cato, R. R. 4, 2; cf.:

in quos sumptus abeunt fructus praediorum?

Cic. Att. 11, 2, 2:

praediorum,

id. Cat. 2, 8, 18:

arbusta vineaeque et consita omnia magis amoenis quam necessariis fructibus,

fruits, Liv. 22, 15, 2:

(vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13:

gallinarum fructus erant ova et pulli,

id. ib. 3, 3, 6:

quae (oves) neque ali neque ullum fructum edere ex se sine cultu hominum possent,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158:

non serendis, non percipiendis, non condendis fructibus,

id. de Sen. 7, 24; cf.:

ver ostendit futuros fructus: reliqua tempora demetendis fructibus et percipiendis accommodata sunt,

id. ib. 19, 70:

comportare et condere fructus,

id. Agr. 2, 32 fin.:

apibus fructum restituo suum,

Phaedr. 3, 13, 15:

in fructibus arborum,

Quint. 8, 5, 26:

fructum ferre,

id. 8, 3, 10:

graves fructu vites,

id. 8, 3, 8: Heracleotae et Bragyletae, qui item debent, aut pecuniam solvant aut fructibus suis satisfaciant, satisfy him with their proceeds, Cic Fam. 13, 56, 2:

Asia multos annos vobis fructum Mithridatico bello non tulit,

id. Agr. 2, 30, 83; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 81:

M. Crassus negabat ullam satis magnam pecuniam esse ei... cujus fructibus exercitum alere non posset,

i. e. revenue, income, id. Off. 1, 8, 25:

aurum ex fructu metallorum coacervatum,

Liv. 45, 40, 2:

in tantas brevi creverant opes, seu maritimis seu terrestribus fructibus,

id. 21, 7, 3; cf.:

fuerat ei magno fructui mare,

id. 34, 36, 3:

qua re saepe totius anni fructus uno rumore periculi amittitur,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 15:

an partus ancillae in fructu sit habendus,

id. Fin. 1, 4, 12:

putatisne vos illis rebus frui posse nisi eos, qui vobis fructui (al. fructuosi) sunt, conservaveritis,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 16.—

Trop., fruit, consequence, effect, result, return, reward, success:

ego fructus ex re publica non laetos et uberes, sed magna acerbitate permixtos tuli,

Cic. Planc. 38, 92; cf.:

fructum pietatis suae ex aliquo ferre,

id. Sest. 31, 68:

ex otio fructus capere,

id. Rep. 1, 4; cf.:

ex accusatione Aquilii diligentiae fructum ceperat,

id. Brut. 62, 222:

alicujus amoris et judicii,

id. Pis. 14, 31:

honeste acta superior aetas fructus auctoritatis capit ipsa extremos,

id. de Sen. 18, 62:

modestiae fructum aliquem percipere,

id. Sull. 1, 1:

gloria est fructus verae virtutis honestissimus,

id. Pis. 24, 57:

laboris,

Quint. 6 praef. §

2: studiorum,

id. 8 praef. § 26; 10, 3, 2; 10, 7, 1; cf.

also: ex re decerpere fructus (with plus mali haurire),

Hor. S. 1, 2, 79:

divitiarum fructus in copia est,

the enjoyment derived from riches, Cic. Par. 6, 2, 47:

vestrum beneficium, ad animi mei fructum atque laetitiam permagnum,

id. Agr. 2, 5:

Theophrastus talium sumptuum facultatem fructum divitiarum putat. Mihi autem ille fructus liberalitatis, multo et major videtur et certior,

id. Off. 2, 16, 56:

pecuniae fructus maximus,

id. ib. 2, 18, 64:

animi fructus, qui in te videndo est,

id. Fam. 15, 14, 3:

vitae fructus,

id. Cat. 3, 12, 28; id. Mur. 23, 47; cf.:

omnem fructum vitae superioris perdidissent,

id. Div. 2, 9, 24:

quin spe posteritatis fructuque ducatur,

id. Rab. Perd. 10, 29:

voluptatum,

id. Lael. 23, 87:

jucunditatis,

id. Mur. 19, 40:

graviore sono tibi Musa loquetur Nostra, dabunt cum maturos mihi tempora fructus,

Verg. Cul. 9.

[ˈaɪtəm]

addition item вчт. добавляемый элемент adjustment item скорректированная запись adjustment item уточненная проводка advance item авансовый документ agenda item пункт повестки дня anticipatory item преждевременная проводка arrived item вчт. поступившее требование asset item предмет имущества asset item проводка актива баланса balance sheet item статья баланса balance sheet item статья балансового отчета balancing item статья баланса bargain item предмет сделки below the line item статья расходов по капитальным операциям в платежном балансе briefing item пункт об инструктировании capital item единица капитального оборудования capital item капитальный товар cognizance item предмет судебного рассмотрения collateral item статья обеспечения combine an item объединять бухгалтерскую проводку cost item ценовая единица count item вчт. элемент-счетчик counter item денежный документ, передаваемый банку через кассовое окно credit item кредитовая запись credit item кредитовая проводка data item вчт. элемент данных decision item пункт решения delayed item вчт. ожидающее требование delivery item поставляемое изделие departing item вчт. покидающее систему требование derived data item вчт. производный элемент данных enter an item делать проводку exceptional item статья чрезвычайных расходов expenditure item статья расходов expense item статья расхода expense item статья расходов extraordinary item особая статья financing item финансовая запись financing item финансовая проводка first-priority item вчт. требование с наивысшим приоритетом general item главный предмет high-priority item вчт. требование с высоким приоритетом immaterial item второстепенная позиция income item статья дохода insured item то, что застраховано interaccount item проводка между счетами item бухгалтерская запись item вид товара item вопрос повестки дня item единица item записывать по пунктам item изделие item каждый отдельный предмет (в списке и т.п.) item номер item параграф item позиция item предмет item проводка item пункт item статья баланса item статья импорта item статья счета item статья экспорта item элемент item вчт. элемент данных item by item audit постатейная ревизия item of budget статья бюджета item of business пункт повестки дня item of expenditure статья расходов item on agenda пункт повестки дня liability item статья пассива logical item вчт. логическая единица memorandum item пункт памятной записки menu item вчт. пункт меню monetary item денежная единица negligible item не принимаемая в расчет позиция net item чистая проводка nonpreferred item вчт. требование не обладающее приоритетом nonpriority item вчт. требование не обладающее приоритетом obsolete item устаревшее изделие off-balance sheet item внебалансовая статья operating item оперативная проводка preempted item вчт. требование с прекращенным обслуживанием preferred item вчт. требование с приоритетом principal item основная позиция principal item основная статья prior period item запись за предыдущий период prior year item запись за предыдущий год priority item вчт. требование с приоритетом pro memoria item мемориальная статья property item вещь property item предмет собственности property item элемент имущества queue-resistant item вчт. требование не присоединяющееся к очереди reconciliation item согласующая проводка residual item остаточная проводка result data item вчт. результирующий элемент данных revenue item статья доходов sale item продаваемое изделие separate item отдельная запись separate item отдельная проводка slow-moving item неходовое изделие sorting item вчт. элемент сортировки speech item пункт доклада top-selling item ходовой товар virtual derived data item вчт. виртуальный производный элемент virtual result data item вчт. элемент данных - виртуальный результат virtual source data item вчт. элемент данных - копия источника

derive [dɪˊraɪv] v

1) получа́ть, извлека́ть;

to derive an income извлека́ть дохо́ды

;

2) происходи́ть;

3) устана́вливать происхожде́ние; производи́ть (от чего-л.); выводи́ть;

4) насле́довать;

5) отводи́ть ( воду)

6) эл. ответвля́ть, шунтова́ть