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  • 21 VATN

    * * *
    (gen. vatris or vatz), n.
    1) water, fresh water (spratt þar vatn upp); sól gengr at vatni, the sun sets in the sea;
    2) fears (vatnit for niðr eptir kjálkanum á honum); halda vatni, to forbear weeping;
    3) lake (Mjörs er svá mikit vatn, at líkara er sjó);
    4) pl., vötn, large rivers (hnigu heilög vötn af Himin-fjöllum).
    * * *
    n., pl. vötn; vant occurs in N. G. L. i. 363: the gen. sing. is, agreeably with the pronunciation, in old vellums invariably spelt vatz or vaz, vazt, Clem. 148, l. 32; the mod. sound is vass; in the Editions, however, the etymological form vatns has mostly been restored; all the South Teut. languages use a form with an r. The form vatr only occurs in two instances, perhaps used only for the rhyme’s sake, in hvatr vátri, a poem of the beginning of the 12th century; and hélt und vatr enn vitri, Sighvat; but vatn vitni in another verse cf the same poet: [A. S. wæter; Engl. and Dutch water; Hel. watar; O. H. G. wazar; Germ. wasser; cp. Gr. υδατ-ος; Lat. udus: on the other hand, Icel. vatn; Swed. vatten; Dan. vand, qs. vadn.]
    A. Water, fresh water; jörð, vatn, lopt, eldr, Eluc. 19; spratt þar vatn upp, Edda (pref.); blóð ok vatn, Rb. 334; grafa til vatz, Edda (pref.); taka vatn upp at sínum hluta, Vm. 168; þá er vötnin vóru sköpuð, 655. 1; drepa í vatn eða hella á vatni, K. Þ. K.; ef vatn er svá mikit at þar má barn í hylja, N. G. L. i. 363.
    2. phrases; ausa vatni, to besprinkle infants with water, see ausa I. 2. β; to which add, þar stendr þú, Özorr, kvað Helgi, ok mun ek ekki við þér sjá, þvíat þú jóst mik vatni, Dropl. 25; mærin var vatni ausin ok þetta nafn gefit, Nj. 25: ganga til vatns, to go to the water, to go to the ‘trapiza,’ q. v., of washing before meals, Ld. 296: þá er sól gengr at vatni. when the sun goes into the water, sets in the sea, K. Þ. K. 96; sér ekki högg á vatni, a blow in the water is not seen, of a useless effort: á vatni, afloat, Fas. ii. 532; svá skjótt, at ekki tók á vatni, Fms. vii. 344.
    3. of tears; halda ekki vatni, could not forbear weeping, Fms. vi. 236 (in a verse), viii. 232.
    II. a lake; [cp. North. E. Derwent-water, etc.]; uppí vatnið Væni, Fms. vi. 333; lét flytja sik út í vatn eitt, ok leyndisk þar í hólma nökkurum, i. 66; er í norðanverðum flóanum vatn þat er nes liggr í, Ísl. ii. 345; til vatz þess er Á en Helga fellr ór, Ó. H. 163; sjór eða vatn, a sea or lake, Edda.
    III. streams, waters, esp. in plur. of large streams; hnigu heilög vötn af Himin-fjöllum, Hkv. 1. 1; þaðan eigu vötn öll vega, Gm.; þar er djúpt vatn ( deep water) er umhverfis, Grág. ii. 131; geysask vötn at þeim með forsfalli … vötnin flutu um völluna alla, Ó. H. 164; brúar um ár eða vötn, Grág. i. 149; vötn þau er ór jöklum höfðu fallit, Eg. 133; fjörðr sá er flóir allr af vötnum, Fs. 26; en nú falla vötn öll til Dýrafjarðar, Gísl. 20; fóru þar til er vötn hnigu til vestr-ættar af fjöllum, Orkn. 4.
    IV. in local names, Vatn, Vatna-hverfi, Vatns-lausa, Vatns-á, Vatns-dalr, Vatns-endi, Vatns-fell, Vatns-fjörðr, Vatns-nes, Vatns-horn, Vatns-skarð, etc., Landn.; Vatns-dælir, Vatns-firðingar, the men from Vatnsfjörðr, Vatnsdalr, id., Sturl.: of lakes, Gríms-vötn, Fiski-vötn, Elliða-vatn, Mý-vatn, Ólvus-vatn, Landn., map of Icel.; more seldom of rivers, as Héraðsvötn in north of Icel.: Vatns-dælskr, adj. from Vatnsdalr, Finnb. 334, Ísl. ii. 335; Vatnsfirðinga-kyn, -búð, Nj. 248, Ld. 120 (see búð).
    B. COMPDS, with gen. vatna-, vatns-, in vellums vatz-, vaz-: vatns-agi, a, m. dampness. vatns-bakki, a, m. a bank, shore of a water or lake, Grág. ii. 355, Jb. 315, Fms. viii. 32, Fas. i. 360. vatns-beri, a, m. the water-bearer, Aquarius in the zodiac, Rb. vatns-blandaðr, part. mixed with water. vatns-bolli, a, m. a water-jug, Am. 35. vatns-borinn, part. mixed with water. vatns-botn, m. the foot of a lake, Hrafn, 11, Fms. ix. 367. vatns-ból, n. a watering-place, well, where drinking-water is drawn. vatns-bóla, u, f. a water-bubble, vatns-bragð, n. a taste of water. vatns-burðr, m. carrying water, Bs. i. vatns-dauði, a, m. water-death, death by drowning in fresh water. vatna-djúp, n. a water-deep, abyss, Skálda 209. vatns-dropi, a, m. a drop of water, Stj. 154. vatns-drykkr, m. a drink of water, Stj. 150, 581, Edda 24. vatns-dæld, f. a watery hollow. vatns-endi, a, m. the end of a lake, Fms. ix. 406. vatns-fall, n. a stream, river; lítið vatnsfall, a small river, Eg. 134, v. l.: of rain, vindr ok vatnsfall, Art. 85. vatns-farvegr, m. a ‘water’s fairway,’ the bed of a river, Grág. ii. 291. vatns-fata, u, f. a water-pail, Fb. i. 258, O. H. L. ch. 96. vatna-flaumr, m. [Norse vand-flom], a water-flood, swell of water, D. N. vi. 148. vatns-flóð, n. water-flood. vatna-gangr, m. a flood, Stj. 59, Grág. i. 219, Landn. 251: a fall of rain, = vatnfall, veðrátta ok v., Grett. 24 new Ed. vatns-heldr, adj. water-tight. vatns-hestr, m. = nykr, q. v., Landn. 93, v. l.; but vatna-hestr, m. a good horse to cross rivers. vatna-hlaup, n. floods, a rushing forth of waters, Landn. 250. vatns-horn, n. a water-horn, a vessel for holy water in church, Pm. 6: the end or angle of a lake, and as a local name, Ld., Landn. vatns-hríð, f. a storm, Ann. 1336 C. vatns-íss, m. ice on a lake, Stj. 510, Fms. viii. 398, ix. 367. vatns-kanna, u, f. a water-can, Vm. 86. vatns-karl, m. a water-can shaped like a man; vatnskarl til vígðs vatns, Vm. 21; vatnskarl ok munnlaug, Fb. i. 359, D. N. iv. 457. vatns-ker, n. a water-jug, Stj. vatns-kerald, n. = vatnsker, Fms. i. 127, Vm. 21, Jb. 409, vatns-ketill, m. a water-kettle, Vm. 21, 114, B. K. 83. vatns-kottr, m. a water-insect, in foul pools. vatns-lauss, adj. waterless, without water, Barl. 196. vatns-leysi, n. lack of water. vatns-litr, m. water-colour, Rb. 336. vatns-megin, n. fulness of water. vatns-mikill, adj. swelling with water, of a river. vatns-minni, n. the inlet of a lake, Fms. ix. 394. vatns-munnlaug, f. a water hand-basin, Pm. 60. vatns-ósa, adj. soaked with water. vatns-óss, m. the mouth of a lake connected with the sea, Landn. 207. vatns-rás, f. a trench, water-course, Bs. i. 148, Stj. 593. vatns-sár, m. a font, Vm. 110, N. G. L. i. 327. vatns-skál, f. a water-jug, D. N. vatns-skírn, f. baptism in water, Barl. 116, 144 (vatnz-skírn). vatns-skortr, m. lack of water, Barl. 196. vatns-sótt, f water-sickness, dropsy, medic., Post. vatns-steinn, m. a font of stone, Vm. 110. vatns-strönd, f. the bank of a lake, Fms. viii. 32, MS. 623. 33, Vkv. (prose, vaz-strouds). vatns-stökkull, m. a watering-pot, a vessel or brush for sprinkling water, Bs. i. 464. vatns-tjörn, f. a ‘water-tarn,’ pool, Sks. 682. vatna-tunna, u, f. a water-tub. vatns-uppspretta, u, f. a jet of water, Stj. 646. vatns-veita, u, f. a drain, trench, aqueduct, Grág. ii. 289. vatns-veiting, f. a draining. vatns-vetr, m. a winter of floods, Ann. 1191 C. vatns-vígsla, u, f. consecration of water, Bs. i. 97. vatns-vík, f. a creek in a lake, Fms. viii. 67. vatna-vöxtr, m. ‘water-growth,’ a flood, Bs. i. 138, Grett. 133 A, D. N. ii. 35, passim. vatna-þytr, m. the thud, sound of falling waters, Skálda. vatns-æðr, f. a vein of water, Stj. 29, 205.
    C. REAL COMPDS, with the root word vatn- prefixed: vatn-bátr, m. a lake-boat, Jb. 410 B. vatn-beri, a, m. = vatnsberi, Rb. (1812) 65, 66. vatn-dauðr, adj. drowned in fresh water, Grág. i. 223. vatn-dragari, a, m. a drawer of water, Stj. 358. vatn-dragi, a, m. id., Fas. iii. 21 (in a verse). vatn-dýr, n. water-animals, Al. 167. vatn-fall, n. a waterfall, stream; vatnföll deilir: a torrent, stream, í bráða-þeyjum var þar vatnfall mikit, a great torrent, Eg. 766; lítið v., 134; var v. þat fullt af fiskum, Fms. i. 253; svá mikit v. sem áin Níð er, v. 182; deilir norðr vatnföllum til héraða, Ísl. ii. 345; er vatnföll deila til sjóvar, Eg. 131, Grág. i. 440; með öllum vatnföllum, Nj. 265: of rain, fyrir vatnfalli ok regni, Gullþ. 8; vatnfall fylgði hér svá mikit ór lopti, torrents of rain, Gísl. 105, Fms. x. 250. vatn-fátt, n. adj. short of water, Landn. 34, Fms. ix. 45. vatn-fiskr, m. a fresh-water fish, Fs. 165. vatn-gangr, m. a swelling of water, Vápn. 24. vatn-horn, n. a water-horn, as church inventory, Vm. 110. vatn-kakki, a, m. = trapiza, q. v.; gékk hann til vatnkakka ok þó sér, Korm. 24. vatn-karl, m. a jug, Stj. 153, D. I. i. 597, Dipl. v. 18; vatnkarlar fjórir, könnur sextán, iii. 4, Rb. (of the zodiacal Aquarius). vatn-kálfr, m. dropsy; þá sótt er heitir idropicus, þat köllu vér vatnkálf, Hom. 25, 150; hann er góðr við vatnkálfi, Hb. 544. 39. vatn-ker, vatn-kerald, vatn-ketill, n. a water-jug …, Grág. ii. 397, Stj. 311, Nj. 134, Ísl. ii. 410, Fms. xi. 34, Ám. 29, Vm. 35. vatn-lauss, adj. = vatnslauss, Al. 172, Stj. 194. vatn-legill, m. a water-jug, Stj. 128. vatn-leysi, n. lack of water, Al. 173. vatn-ormr, m. a water-serpent, Al. 168; Hercules sigraði v. (the Hydra), MS. 732. 17: a pr. name, Mork. vatn-rás, f. = vatnsrás, Stj. 58, 642. Ísl. ii. 92. vatn-skjóla, u, f. a water-skeel, pail, D. I. i. 225. vatn-staðr, m. a water-place, 655 xxviii. 2. vatn-torf, n. soaked turf, Ísl. ii. 412. vatn-trumba, u, f. a water-pipe, Hom. 131. vatn-veita, u, f. = vatnsveita, a drain, water-trench, Grág. ii. 289, Stj. 498. vatn-viðri, n. = vátviðri, Bs. i. 245. vatn-vígsla, u, f. the consecrating streams and wells, of bishop Gudmund, Bs. i. vatn-ærinn, adj. plentiful as water, abundant; vatnærin hef ek vitni, Sighvat.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > VATN

  • 22 в тихом омуте черти водятся

    посл.
    cf. still (smooth) waters run deep; still waters have deep bottoms; beware of a silent dog and still water; dumb dogs are dangerous; the devil lurks behind the cross

    Люда была из поклонниц Семёна Петровича Спивака... - Семён Петрович, конечно, сила, - соглашалась Ася, - но от него больше шума, а Нина Игнатьевна тихая. - В тихом омуте черти водятся. (И. Грекова, Кафедра) — Lyuda was an admirer of Semyon Petrovich Spivak... 'Semyon Petrovich is great, of course,' Asya assented, 'but he's too noisy, Nina Ignatievna is quiet.' 'Still waters run deep.'

    Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > в тихом омуте черти водятся

  • 23 run

    1. present participle - running; verb
    1) ((of a person or animal) to move quickly, faster than walking: He ran down the road.) teči
    2) (to move smoothly: Trains run on rails.) teči
    3) ((of water etc) to flow: Rivers run to the sea; The tap is running.) teči
    4) ((of a machine etc) to work or operate: The engine is running; He ran the motor to see if it was working.) teči; spraviti v tek
    5) (to organize or manage: He runs the business very efficiently.) voditi
    6) (to race: Is your horse running this afternoon?) tekmovati
    7) ((of buses, trains etc) to travel regularly: The buses run every half hour; The train is running late.) voziti
    8) (to last or continue; to go on: The play ran for six weeks.) biti na sporedu
    9) (to own and use, especially of cars: He runs a Rolls Royce.) voziti
    10) ((of colour) to spread: When I washed my new dress the colour ran.) razlivati se
    11) (to drive (someone); to give (someone) a lift: He ran me to the station.) peljati
    12) (to move (something): She ran her fingers through his hair; He ran his eyes over the letter.) iti skozi; premikati
    13) ((in certain phrases) to be or become: The river ran dry; My blood ran cold (= I was afraid).) postati
    2. noun
    1) (the act of running: He went for a run before breakfast.) tek
    2) (a trip or drive: We went for a run in the country.) izlet
    3) (a length of time (for which something continues): He's had a run of bad luck.) obdobje
    4) (a ladder (in a stocking etc): I've got a run in my tights.) spuščena zanka
    5) (the free use (of a place): He gave me the run of his house.) prosta uporaba
    6) (in cricket, a batsman's act of running from one end of the wicket to the other, representing a single score: He scored/made 50 runs for his team.) kurnik
    7) (an enclosure or pen: a chicken-run.)
    •
    - running 3. adverb
    (one after another; continuously: We travelled for four days running.) zapored
    - runaway
    - rundown
    - runner-up
    - runway
    - in
    - out of the running
    - on the run
    - run across
    - run after
    - run aground
    - run along
    - run away
    - run down
    - run for
    - run for it
    - run in
    - run into
    - run its course
    - run off
    - run out
    - run over
    - run a temperature
    - run through
    - run to
    - run up
    - run wild
    * * *
    I [rʌn]
    noun
    tekanje, tek, sport vztrajnostni tek, tekmovanje, dirka, hiter galop; naval, lov ( for na), hajka; hoja, vožnja, (hitro) potovanje; pot, izlet, sprehod; jadranje; brzi koraki, hiter tempo, hitra kretnja, premik, hiter padec, beg; zalet, zagon, napad, juriš; figuratively potek, smer, ritem, tendenca, moda; nepretrgana vrsta, niz, serija, nepretrgan čas, trajanje; American potok, reka, jarek; tok, struja, plima, valovi; prost dostop (do), prosta uporaba; trop, jata; pašnik, ograda, ograjen prostor za živino, za perutnino; sankališče; commerce veliko povpraševanje (on po, za), dobra prodaja, trajen uspeh; commerce kakovost, kvaliteta, vrsta, sorta; music hitra vrsta tonov, gostolevek, rulada; theatre čas izvedbe, trajanje (gledališke igre), uprizarjanje, prikazovanje, nepretrgana vrsta predstav; (karte) sekvenca; naklada (časopisa); technical delovni čas (o strojih); presek, prerez, splošnost, večina; technical tračnica; deska za vkrcavanje in izkrcavanje; odvodna cev
    at the run, on the run — v teku
    in the long run — sčasoma, končno, konec koncev
    on the run — na nogah, nepretrgoma zaposlen, ki leta sem in tja; military ki je na umiku, na begu
    a run to Bled — vožnja, izlet, skok na Bled
    a run of ill luck — nepretrgana smola, vrsta nesreč
    the common (ordinary) run of people — običajni, poprečni tip ljudi
    to be in the run — teči, dirkati, figuratively kandidirati
    to be on the run — teči, tekati po poslih, biti vedno na nogah, tekati sem in tja
    everything went with a run — vse je šlo gladko, kot namazano
    to have s.o. on the run colloquially pognati koga
    to have a run for one's money figuratively priti na svoj račun, zabavati se za svoj denar
    to have the run of s.o.'s house — imeti prost dostop v hišo kake osebe, počutiti se pri kom doma
    II [rʌn]
    intransitive verb & transitive verb
    I.
    intransitive verb
    1.
    teči, tekati, drveti, dirkati, udeležiti se dirke; voziti, hiteti, podvizati se; bežati, pobegniti, umakniti se ( from od), popihati jo, pobrisati jo; navaliti, jurišati (at, on na); hitro potovati, voziti se, pluti, redno voziti, vzdrževati promet; potegovati se ( for za), biti kandidat, kandidirati; hitro, naglo se širiti (novica, ogenj); (o času) poteči, preteči, miniti, bežati; trajati, teči, vršiti se (šola, pouk)
    to run amok (amuck) — pobesneti, letati kot nor, izgubiti popolnoma oblast nad seboj
    to run for it, to cut and run colloquially popihati jo, zbežati
    to run with the hare and hunt with the hounds figuratively skušati biti v dobrih odnosih z dvema nasprotnima si strankama
    run for your lives! — reši se, kdor se more!
    to run for luck American poskusiti kaj na slepo srečo
    to run mad — zblazneti, znoreti
    to run to meet s.o. — teči komu naproti
    to run to meet one's troubles figuratively vnaprej si delati skrbi
    to run for an office — potegovati se, konkurirati, biti kandidat, kandidirati za neko službeno mesto (službo)
    he who runs may read it figuratively na prvi pogled se to vidi, to se da brez težave razumeti
    time runs fast — čas beži, hitro teče
    to run on the wheels figuratively gladko iti;
    2.
    vrteti se, obračati se (on okoli); premikati se, kretati se, gibati se, kotaliti se, jadrati; (o stroju) delovati, biti v pogonu, obratovati, funkcionirati; (o tovarni itd.) biti odprt, delati; (o denarju) biti v obtoku, v prometu; (o vodi) teči, razliti se, izlivati se; (o morju) valovati; segati, raztezati se, razprostirati se; (o rastlinah) bujno rasti, pognati, iti v cvet, hitro se razmnoževati; (o menici) imeti rok veljave, teči, veljati; (o cenah) držati se; juridically ostati v veljavi; theatre biti na sporedu, uprizarjati se, predstavljati se, predvajati se, igrati se, dajati se; (o barvah) razlivati se, puščati barvo; (o očeh, nosu, rani) solziti se, cureti, kapati, gnojiti se; (o kovinah) taliti se; (o ledu) (raz)topiti se, kopneti; (o besedilu) glasiti se; (s pridevnikom) postati, nastati, biti
    my blood ran cold figuratively kri mi je poledenela v žilah
    to run dry — posušiti se; biti prazen; figuratively onemoči, biti izčrpan
    to run to fat — (z)rediti se, postati debel
    the garden runs east — vrt sega, se razteza proti vzhodu
    to run high — dvigati se, rasti
    to run hot — postati vroč, segreti se
    the lease runs for ten years — zakupna pogodba teče, velja deset let
    to run riot — (s)puntati se, upreti se; podivjati, pobesneti, (o rastlinah) bujno se razrasti
    to run round in cercles figuratively kazati veliko aktivnost, a malo uspeha
    that runs to sentiment — to sega, gre človeku do srca
    we ran short of coal — premog nam je pošel, zmanjkalo nam je premoga
    my supplies are running low — moje zaloge se manjšajo, gredo h kraju
    to run wild — podivjati; izroditi se, spriditi se, biti neukrotljiv
    words ran high — padle so ostre besede; prišlo je do ostrih besed, do hudega prerekanja
    the works have ceased running — tovarna je ustavila delo;
    II.
    transitive verb
    1.
    preteči, preiti, teči skozi (čez), drveti (čez), voziti (skozi), preleteti, prepluti, prejadrati; teči (s kom) za stavo; figuratively meriti se (s kom); dirkati; hunting poditi, goniti, zasledovati; zbežati (iz), ubežati, zapustiti (deželo); opraviti (pot, naročilo)
    to run a blockade military prebiti blokado
    to run s.o. close (hard) — teči za kom, biti komu za petami
    to run errands — opravljati nakupe (naročila), tekati po poslih, opravkih
    to run 30 knots nautical pluti s hitrostjo 30 vozlov
    to run messages — prinašati, prinesti sporočila
    to run a race — tekmovati v teku (dirki), dirkati
    to run a scent — iti za sledjo, slediti sledi
    we must let the things run its course — moramo pustiti, da gre stvar svojo pot
    I'll run you to the tree over there — tekmoval bom s teboj v teku do onega drevesa;
    2.
    upravijati, voditi; predelati ( into v); spraviti v tek, v gibanje, v delovanje, pustiti, da nekaj teče, točiti; zakotaliti; gnati, goniti, poditi (konja); vpisati (konja) za dirko; pasti (živino); odpraviti, odpremiti, premestiti, transportirati; tihotapiti; zabiti ( into v), zasaditi, zariti, zadreti, zabosti (nož); spustiti, dati v promet, držati v pogonu (stroj); postaviti kot kandidata ( for za); izpostaviti se, biti izpostavljen; zabresti, pustiti zabresti (v); zaleteti se (v); (kovino) taliti; (o reki) nanositi (zlato); American potegniti (črto, mejo)
    to run debts — biti v dolgovih, zabresti v dolgove
    to run the gauntlet figuratively biti izpostavljen ostri kritiki
    to run one's head against the wall — zaleteti se z glavo v zid, riniti z glavo skozi zid (tudi figuratively)
    to run a horse — goniti, priganjati konja; vpisati (prijaviti) konja za dirko
    to run logs — sploviti hlode, les
    to run risks — tvegati, riskirati
    to run the show slang figuratively biti šef, voditi (neko) podjetje
    to run a high temperature medicine imeti visoko vročino
    III [rʌn]
    adjective (o tekočini) iztekel, odcurel; raztopljen; vlit; raztaljen, staljen; nautical ki je dezertiral, dezerterski; (o ribi) ki se je preselila iz morja v reko na drstenje; (mleko) sesirjen; colloquially utihotapljen, nezakonito uvožen

    English-Slovenian dictionary > run

  • 24 linea

    f line
    mantenere la linea keep one's figure
    telecommunications restare in linea stay on the line, not hang up
    * * *
    linea s.f.
    1 (segno, tratto) line: tracciare una linea, to draw a line; linea retta, curva, convergente, divergente, straight, curved, convergent, diverging line; linea punteggiata, tratteggiata, dotted line; le linee della mano, the lines of the hand; linea di confine, (tra due proprietà) boundary line, (tra due paesi) border, (fig.) borderline; linea di partenza, starting line; linea spartitraffico, traffic line; linea di giunzione, (di stoffa, lamiere ecc.) seam // avanzare in linea retta, to move forward in a straight line // procedere in linee parallele, to follow parallel lines // ( sport): linea laterale, touchline; linea mediana, half-back line; linea di fondo (campo), baseline // (geogr.): linea del cambiamento di data, International Date Line; linea di costa, coastline (o shoreline); linea delle nevi perenni, snowline; linea di displuvio, divide (o watershed); linea di spiaggia, shoreline (o beachline) // (geofisica): linea agonica, agonic line; linea isogonica, isogonic line; linea isosismica, isoseismal (o isoseismic) line // (cartografia): linea isometrica, isometric line (o isogram o isoline); linea ortodromica, orthodrome // (topografia) linea di base, baseline // distanza in linea d'aria, (distance) as the crow flies: in linea d'aria ci sono 10 km da qui allo stadio, it's 10 km from here to the stadium as the crow flies // (fis.): linea di forza, line of force; linea di flusso, streamline // linea di fede, (di strumenti) fiducial (o halving) line // (mar.): linea di galleggiamento, waterline; linea di rispetto, limit of territorial waters; linea di scandaglio, lead line; linea di rotta, heading line
    2 (di termometro) degree: avere qualche linea di febbre, to have a slight temperature; la febbre del paziente è scesa di qualche linea, the patient's temperature has dropped slightly
    3 (contorno, sagoma) line; (di abito) line, cut: non mi piace la linea di quell'automobile, I don't like the line of that car; le linee architettoniche di un edificio, the architectural lines of a building; armonia di linee, harmony of lines; una giacca di ottima linea, a well-cut jacket; un tailleur di linea classica, moderna, a classic, modern suit // descrivere a grandi linee, (fig.) to outline; ti posso esporre il programma solo a grandi linee per il momento, I can only give you a rough outline of the programme at the moment
    4 (personale) figure: avere una bella linea, to have a good figure; che linea!, what a figure!; perdere la linea, to lose one's figure; riacquistare la linea, to get one's figure back (o to regain one's figure); si rovina la linea mangiando troppi dolci, she is ruining her figure (o she is putting on too much weight) by eating too many sweet things
    5 (comportamento, strategia) line: linea di condotta, di azione, line of conduct, of action; mi atterrò alla linea del partito, I'll follow the party line; seguire una linea, to follow (o to take) a line; non so che linea tenere con lui, I don't know what line to take with him // le sue idee sono in linea con le mie, his ideas are in line with mine // in linea di principio, in principle // in linea di massima, as a rule (o generally speaking)
    6 (fila) line: mettersi in linea, to get in line (o in the queue) // (mil.): linea del fuoco, line of fire; linea di mira, line of sight; fuoco di linea, line-firing; linea di difesa, defence line // prima linea, firing line (o front line); fanteria di prima linea, front-line infantry troops // essere in prima linea, to be at the front line, (fig.) to be at the fore front // passare in seconda linea, to take second place; il problema è passato in seconda linea, the problem took second place // vittoria su tutta la linea, (anche fig.) victory all along the line // ( sport): linea di attacco, forward line; linea di difesa, the backs // motore a sei cilindri in linea, six cylinder in-line (o straight-six o in-line six) engine
    7 (serie di prodotti) line: linea di prodotti, product line; linea di prodotti di alta qualità, line of high-quality products; linea di accessori, line of accessories; una linea completa di cosmetici, a complete line of cosmetics
    8 (econ.) line: linea di produzione, di lavorazione, production line; linea di montaggio, assembly line; linea delle vendite, sales line; linee di spesa, expenditure lines; linea di credito credit line; linea di credito allo scoperto, open line; linea di credito stand-by, stand-by arrangement (o credit); linea reciproca di credito, (tra banche centrali) swap; linee di credito accordate, bank-lending commitments; linee di credito con emissione di titoli, backup facilities; ( Borsa) linea dei rialzi e dei ribassi, advance-decline line
    9 (di parentela) line: linea maschile, male line; discendente in linea diretta, direct descendant; discendere in linea diretta da, to descend in direct line from
    10 (di comunicazione) line: linea ferroviaria, railway line; linea della metropolitana, underground line; linea aerea, airline; linea di navigazione, (compagnia) shipping company; linea principale, secondaria, main, secondary line; la linea del tram, the tramline; la linea Roma-Milano è rimasta interrotta dalla frana, the Rome-Milan line has been blocked by the landslide; i treni ritardarono per lavori lungo la linea, the trains were delayed because of works along the track // nave di linea, liner; aeroplano di linea, airliner; volo di linea, scheduled flight // servizio di linea, regular (o scheduled) service
    11 (tecn.) (collegamento di impianto) line: linea elettrica, electric line; (elettr.) linea di raccordo, connecting line // (tel.): trovare la linea occupata, libera, to find the line engaged, free; prendere la linea, to get through; è caduta la linea!, the line has gone dead; prego attenda in linea, hold the line, please; la linea per Milano è guasta, the line to Milan is out of order; assistenza in linea, online assistance
    12 (tip.) line; (inform.) bar // (inform.): linea comune, condivisa, multipunto, party line; linea con numeri, digit row; linea superiore, top line; linea commutata, switched line.
    * * *
    ['linea]
    sostantivo femminile
    1) (tratto) line (anche mat. sport)

    tirare o tracciare una linea to draw o rule a line; linea curva, spezzata curved, broken line; linea dell'orizzonte skyline; in linea retta in a straight line; in linea d'aria — as the crow flies

    2) (di trasporti) line; (d'autobus) (bus) route

    linea marittima, aerea — (compagnia) shipping line, airline; (rotta) sea, air route

    di linea — [volo, pullman] scheduled; [ pilota] airline

    3) el. (power) line, cable
    4) tel. line, connection

    è caduta la linea — the line went dead, I was cut off, I've been disconnected

    "resti in linea" — "hold the line o hold on, please"

    prendere o ottenere la linea to get a connection, to get through; essere in linea con qcn. — to be on the line to sb

    5) rad. telev. line

    passare la linea a — to hand over to [inviato, studio]

    6) (anche linea di montaggio) production line
    7) (silhouette) figure
    8) (contorno) line; (stile) line, style, look
    10) (idea, punto)

    a grandi -e — broadly, in (broad) outline

    in linea di massima — broadly (speaking), as a general rule

    11) (orientamento) line, stance

    linea politica — political line, policy

    adottare la linea dura, morbida con qcn. — to take a tough, soft line with sb

    12) mil. (fronte) line

    essere in prima linea — to be in BE o on AE the front line, to be (first) in the firing line (anche fig.)

    13) sport line
    •

    linea d'arrivo — sport finishing line

    linea d'attacco — sport mil. line of attack

    linea di comunicazione — communication line, line of communication

    linea di confine — borderline, boundary line

    linea di fondo — sport (nel calcio) goal line; (nel tennis) baseline

    linea di galleggiamento — mar. water line

    linea laterale — sport sideline, by-line

    linea di metà campo — sport halfway line

    linea di partenza — sport starting line

    linea di porta — sport goal line

    linea di tiro — mil. line of fire, firing line

    ••

    su tutta la linea — all along o right down the line

    battere qcn. su tutta la linea — to beat sb. hollow

    * * *
    linea
    /'linea/
    sostantivo f.
     1 (tratto) line (anche mat. sport); tirare o tracciare una linea to draw o rule a line; linea curva, spezzata curved, broken line; linea dell'orizzonte skyline; in linea retta in a straight line; in linea d'aria as the crow flies
     2 (di trasporti) line; (d'autobus) (bus) route; linea marittima, aerea (compagnia) shipping line, airline; (rotta) sea, air route; di linea [volo, pullman] scheduled; [ pilota] airline; aereo di linea airliner
     3 el. (power) line, cable
     4 tel. line, connection; è caduta la linea the line went dead, I was cut off, I've been disconnected; "resti in linea" "hold the line o hold on, please"; prendere o ottenere la linea to get a connection, to get through; essere in linea con qcn. to be on the line to sb.
     5 rad. telev. line; passare la linea a to hand over to [inviato, studio]
     6 (anche linea di montaggio) production line
     7 (silhouette) figure; riacquistare la linea to get back one's figure
     8 (contorno) line; (stile) line, style, look; una giacca di linea sportiva a jacket with a sport cut
     10 (idea, punto) le -e essenziali del progetto the broad outline of the plan; a grandi -e broadly, in (broad) outline; in linea di massima broadly (speaking), as a general rule; in linea di principio in principle
     11 (orientamento) line, stance; linea d'azione course of action; linea politica political line, policy; essere in linea to be in line ( con with); adottare la linea dura, morbida con qcn. to take a tough, soft line with sb.
     12 mil. (fronte) line; essere in prima linea to be in BE o on AE the front line, to be (first) in the firing line (anche fig.)
     13 sport line; giudice di linea linesman
     14 (in genealogia) line; linea (di discendenza) maschile male line; in linea materna on one's mother's side
     15 (nei termometri) avere qualche linea di febbre to have a slight temperature
    su tutta la linea all along o right down the line; battere qcn. su tutta la linea to beat sb. hollow
    \
    linea d'arrivo sport finishing line; linea d'attacco sport mil. line of attack; linea di comunicazione communication line, line of communication; linea di condotta course of action; linea di confine borderline, boundary line; linea ferroviaria railway line; linea di fondo sport (nel calcio) goal line; (nel tennis) baseline; linea di galleggiamento mar. water line; linea laterale sport sideline, by-line; linea di metà campo sport halfway line; linea di partenza sport starting line; linea di porta sport goal line; linea telefonica (tele)phone line o link; linea di tiro mil. line of fire, firing line.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > linea

  • 25 pilot

    I 1. ['paɪlət]
    1) aer. mar. pilota m. e f.
    2) rad. telev. (programme) trasmissione f. pilota
    3) (anche pilot light) (gas) fiamma f. pilota; (electric) spia f. luminosa
    2.
    1) comm. ind. [course, project] pilota; [ TV programme] sperimentale, pilota
    2) aer. [instruction, training] dei piloti; [ error] di pilotaggio
    II ['paɪlət]
    1) aer. mar. pilotare

    to pilot sb. through — fig. pilotare o guidare qcn. attraverso [crowd, streets]

    2) (test) mettere alla prova [course, system]
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (a person who flies an aeroplane: The pilot and crew were all killed in the air crash.) pilota
    2) (a person who directs a ship in and out of a harbour, river, or coastal waters.) pilota
    2. adjective
    (experimental: a pilot scheme (= one done on a small scale, eg to solve certain problems before a larger, more expensive project is started).) pilota
    3. verb
    (to guide as a pilot: He piloted the ship/plane.) pilotare
    * * *
    I 1. ['paɪlət]
    1) aer. mar. pilota m. e f.
    2) rad. telev. (programme) trasmissione f. pilota
    3) (anche pilot light) (gas) fiamma f. pilota; (electric) spia f. luminosa
    2.
    1) comm. ind. [course, project] pilota; [ TV programme] sperimentale, pilota
    2) aer. [instruction, training] dei piloti; [ error] di pilotaggio
    II ['paɪlət]
    1) aer. mar. pilotare

    to pilot sb. through — fig. pilotare o guidare qcn. attraverso [crowd, streets]

    2) (test) mettere alla prova [course, system]

    English-Italian dictionary > pilot

  • 26 जल _jala

    जल a. [जल् अच् डस्य लो वा]
    1 Dull, cold, frigid = जड q. v.
    -2 Stupid, idiotic.
    -लम् 1 Water; तातस्य कूपो$- यमिति ब्रुवाणाः क्षारं जलं कापुरुषाः पिबन्ति । Pt.1.322.
    -2 A kind of fragrant medicinal plant or perfume (ह्रीवेर).
    -3 The embryo or uterus of a cow.
    -5 The constellation called पूर्वाषाढा.
    -Comp. -अञ्चलम् 1 a spring.
    -2 a natural water-course.
    -3 moss.
    -अञ्जलिः 1 a handful of water.
    -2 a libation of water presented to the manes of a deceased person; कुपुत्रमासाद्य कुतो जलाञ्जलिः Chāṇ 69; मानस्यापि जलाञ्जलिः सरभसं लोके न दत्तो यथा Amaru. 97 (where, जलाञ्जलिं दा means 'to leave or give up').
    -अटनः a heron.
    -अटनी a leech.
    -अणुकम्, -अण्डकम् the fry of fish.
    -अण्टकः a shark.
    -अत्ययः autumn (शरद्); पृष्ठतो$नुप्रयातानि मेघानिव जलात्यये Rām.2.45.22.
    -अधिदैवतः, -तम् an epithet of Varuṇa. (
    -तम्) the constellation called पूर्वाषाढा.
    -अधिपः an epithet of Varuṇa.
    -अम्बिका a well.
    -अर्कः the image of the sun reflected in water.
    -अर्णवः 1 the rainy season.
    -2 the ocean of sweet water.
    -अर्थिन् a. thirsty.
    -अवतारः a landing-place at a river-side.
    -अष्ठीला a large square pond.
    -असुका a leech.
    -आकरः a spring, fountain, well.
    -आकाङ्क्षः, -काङ्क्षः, -काङ्क्षिन् m. an elephant.
    -आखुः an otter.
    -आगमः rain; तपति प्रावृषि सुतरामभ्यर्ण- जलागमो दिवसः Ratn.3.1.
    -आढ्य a. watery, marshy.
    -आत्मिका a leech.
    -आधारः a pond, lake, reservoir of water.
    -आयुका a leech.
    -आर्द्र a. wet. (
    -र्द्रम्) wet garment or clothes. (
    -र्द्रा) a fan wetted with water.
    -आलोका a leech.
    -आवर्तः eddy, whirl-pool.
    1 resting or lying in water.
    -2 stupid, dull, apa- thetic.
    (-यः) 1 a pond, lake, reservoir.
    -2 a fish.
    -3 the ocean.
    -4 the fragrant root of a plant (उशीर).
    -आश्रयः 1 a pond.
    -2 water-house.
    -आह्वयम् a lotus.
    -इन्द्रः 1 an epithet of Varuṇa.
    -2 N. of Mahādeva.
    -3 the ocean; जलेन्द्रः पुंसि वरुणे जम्भले च महोदधौ Medinī.
    -इन्धनः the submarine fire.
    -इभः a water-elephant.
    -ईशः, -ईश्वरः 1 an epithet of Varuṇa; भीमोद्भवां प्रति नले च जलेश्वरे च N.
    -2 the ocean.
    -उच्छ्वासः 1 a channel made for carrying off excess of water, drain, (cf. परीवाह).
    -2 overflow of a river.
    -उदरम् dropsy.
    -उद्भव a. aquatic. (
    -वा) benzoin.
    -उरगा, -ओकस् m.,
    -ओकसः a leech.
    -कण्टकः a crocodile.
    -कपिः the Gangetic por- poise.
    -कपोतः a water-pigeon.
    -कर a. making or pouring forth water. (
    -रः) tax for water.
    -करङ्कः 1 a shell.
    -2 a cocoa-nut.
    -3 a cloud.
    -4 a wave.
    -5 a lotus.
    -कल्कः mud.
    -कल्मषः the poison produced at the churning of the ocean; तस्यापि दर्शयामास स्ववीर्यं जलकल्मषः Bhāg.8. 7.44.
    -काकः the diver-bird.
    -कान्तः the wind.
    -कान्तारः an epithet of Varuṇa.
    -किराटः a shark.
    -कुक्कुटः a water-fowl; जलकुक्कुटकोयष्टिदात्यूहकुलकूजितम् Bhāg.8.2.16. (
    -टी) the black-headed gull.
    -कुन्तलः, -कोशः moss.
    -कूपी 1 a spring, well.
    -2 a pond.
    -3 a whirlpool; जलकूपी कूपगर्ते पुष्करिण्यां च योषिति Medinī.
    -कूर्मः the porpoise.
    -कृत् a. Causing rain; दिवसकृतः प्रतिसूर्यो जलकृत् (मेघः) Bṛi. S.
    -केलिः, m. or f.,
    -क्रीडा playing in water, splashing one another with water.
    -केशः moss.
    -क्रिया presenting libations of water to the manes of the deceased.
    -गुल्मः 1 a turtle.
    -2 a quadrangular tank.
    -3 a whirlpool.
    -चर a. (also जलेचर) aquatic.
    (-रः) 1 an aquatic animal.
    -2 a fish.
    -3 any kind of water-fowl. ˚आजीवः, ˚जीवः a fisherman.
    -चत्वरम् a square tank.
    -चारिन् m.
    1 an aquatic animal.
    -2 a fish.
    -ज a. born or produced in water.
    (-जः) 1 an aquatic animal.
    -2 a fish; स्वयमेव हतः पित्रा जलजेनात्मजो यथा Rām.2.61.22.
    -3 sea-salt.
    -4 a collective name for several signs of the zodiac.
    -5 moss.
    -6 the moon.
    (-जः, जम्) 1 a shell.
    -2 the conch-shell; अधरोष्ठे निवेश्य दघ्मौ जलजं कुमारः R.7. 63,1.6; इत्यादिश्य हृषीकेशः प्रध्माय जलजोत्तमम् Bhāg.8.4. 26.
    -3 (-जः) The Kaustubha gem; जलजः कौस्तुभे मीने तत् क्लीबे शङ्खपद्मयोः । Nm.
    (जः) -4 A kind of horse born in water; वाजिनो जलजाः केचिद् वह्निजातास्तथापरे । शालिहोत्र of भोज, Appendix II,12. (
    -जम्) a lotus. ˚आजीवः a fisherman. ˚आसनः an epithet of Brahmā; वाचस्पतिरुवाचेदं प्राञ्जलिर्जलजासनम् Ku.2.3. ˚कुसुमम् the lotus. ˚द्रव्यम् a pearl, shell or any other thing produced from the sea.
    -जन्तुः 1 a fish,
    -2 any aquatic animal.
    -जन्तुका a leech.
    -जन्मन् a lotus.
    -जिह्वः a crocodile.
    -जीविन् m. a fisherman.
    -डिम्बः a bivalve shell.
    -तरङ्गः 1 a wave.
    -2 a metal cup filled with water producing harmonic notes like a musical glass.
    -ताडनम् (lit.) 'beating water'; (fig.) any useless occupation.
    -तापिकः, -तापिन्, -तालः The Hilsa fish; L. D. B.
    -त्रा an umbrella.
    -त्रासः hydrophobia.
    -दः 1 a cloud; जायन्ते विरला लोके जलदा इव सज्जनाः Pt.1.29.
    -2 camphor. ˚अशनः the Śāla tree.
    -आगमः the rainy season; सरस्तदा मानसं तु ववृधे जलदागमे Rām.7.12.26. ˚आभ a. black, dark. ˚कालः the rainy season. ˚क्षयः autumn.
    -दर्दुरः a kind of musical instrument.
    -देवः the constellation पूर्वाषाढा.
    -देवता a naiad, water-nymph.
    -द्रोणी a bucket.
    -द्वारम् A gutter, a drain, Māna.31.99.
    -धरः 1 a cloud.
    -2 the ocean.
    -धारा a stream of water.
    -धिः 1 the ocean.
    -2 a hundred billions.
    -3 the number 'four'. ˚गा a river. ˚जः the moon. ˚जा Lakṣmī, the goddess of wealth. ˚रशना the earth.
    -नकुलः an otter.
    -नरः a merman.
    -नाडी, -ली a water-course.
    -निधिः 1 the ocean.
    -2 the number 'four'.
    -निर्गमः 1 a drain, water-course.
    -2 a water-fall, descent of a spring &c. into a river below.
    -नीलिः moss.
    -पक्षिन् m. a water-fowl.
    -पटलम् a cloud.
    -पतिः 1 the ocean.
    -2 an epithet of Varuṇa.
    -पथः a sea voyage; R.17.81.
    -पद्धतिः f. a gutter, drain.
    -पात्रम् 'a water-pot', drinking-vessel.
    -पारावतः a water-pigeon.
    -पित्तम् fire.
    -पुष्पम् an aquatic flower.
    -पूरः 1 a flood of water.
    -2 a full stream of water.
    -पृष्ठजा moss.
    -प्रदानम् presenting libations of water to the manes of the deceased.
    -प्रपातः 1 a water-fall.
    -2 rainy season; शरत्प्रतीक्षः क्षमतामिमं भवाञ्जलप्रपातं रिपुनिग्रहे धृतः Rām.4.27.47.
    -प्रलयः destruction by water.
    -प्रान्तः the bank of a river.
    -प्रायम् a country abounding with water; जलप्रायमनूपं स्यात् Ak.
    -प्रियः 1 the Chātaka bird.
    -2 a fish. (
    -या) an epithet of Dākṣāyaṇī.
    -प्लवः an otter.
    -प्लावनम् a deluge, an inundation.
    -बन्धः, बन्धकः a dam, dike, rocks or stones impeding a current.
    -बन्धुः a fish.
    -बालकः, -वालकः the Vindhya mountain.
    -बालिका lightning.
    -बिडालः an otter.
    -बिम्बः, -म्बम् a bubble.
    -बिल्वः 1 a (quadrangular) pond, lake.
    -2 a tortoise.
    -3 a crab.
    -भीतिः f. hydro- phobia.
    -भू a. produced in water.
    -भूः m.
    1 a cloud.
    -2 a place for holding water.
    -3 a kind of camphor.
    -भूषणः wind.
    -भृत् m.
    1 a cloud.
    -2 a jar.
    -3 cam- phor.
    -मक्षिका a water-insect.
    -मण़्डूकम् a kind of musical instrument; (= जलदर्दुर).
    -मद्गुः a king-fisher.
    -मसिः 1 a cloud.
    -2 camphor.
    -मार्गः a drain, canal.
    -मार्जारः an otter.
    -मुच् m.
    1 a cloud; Me.69.
    -2 a kind of camphor.
    -मूर्तिः an epithet of Śiva.
    -मूर्तिका hail.
    -मोदम् a fragrant root (उशीर).
    -यन्त्रम् 1 a machine for raising water (Mar. रहाट).
    -2 a water- clock, clepsydra.
    -3 a fountain. ˚गृहम्, ˚निकेतनम्, ˚मन्दिरम् a house erected in the midst of water (a summer- house) or one supplied with artificial fountains; क्वचिद् विचित्रं जलयन्त्रमन्दिरम् Ṛs.1.2.
    -यात्रा a sea-voyage.
    -यानम् a ship.
    -रङ्कुः a kind of gallinule.
    -रण्डः, रुण्डः 1 a whirlpool.
    -2 a drop of water, drizzle, thin sprinkling.
    -3 a snake.
    -रसः sea-salt.
    -राशिः the ocean.
    -रुह्, -हम् a lotus.
    -रूपः a crocodile.
    -लता a wave, billow.
    -वरण्टः a watery pustule.
    -वाद्यम् a kind of musical instrument.
    -वायसः a diver-bird.
    -वासः residence in water. (
    -सम्) = उशीर q. v.
    -वाहः 1 a cloud; साद्रिजलधिजलवाहपथम् Ki.12.21.
    -2 a water- bearer.
    -3 a kind of camphor.
    -वाहकः, -नः a water- carrier.
    -वाहनी an aqueduct.
    -विषुवम् the autumnal equinox.
    -वृश्चिकः a prawn.
    -वैकृतम् any change in the waters of rivers indicating a bad omen.
    -व्यधः A kind of fish; L. D. B.
    -व्यालः 1 a water-snake.
    -2 a marine monster.
    -शयः, -शयनः, -शायिन् m. an epithet of Viṣṇu;
    -शय्या lying in water (a kind of religious rite); द्वादशं हि गतं वर्षं जलशय्यां समासतः Rām.7. 76.17.
    -शर्करा A hailstone; तीव्रैर्मरुद्गणैर्नुन्ना ववृषुर्जलशर्कराः Bhāg.1.25.9.
    -शुक्तिः f. a bivalve shell.
    -शुचि a. bathed, washed.
    -शूकम् moss.
    -शूकरः a crocodile.
    -शोषः drought.
    -समुद्रः the ocean of fresh water.
    -संपर्कः mixture or dilution with water.
    -सर्पिणी a leech.
    -सूचिः f.
    1 the Gangetic porpoise.
    -2 a kind of fish.
    -3 a crow.
    -4 a water-nut.
    -5 a leech.
    -स्थानम्, -स्थायः a pond, lake, reservoir; कदचित्तं जलस्थायं मत्स्य- बन्धाः समन्ततः Rām.12.137.5.
    -स्रावः A kind of eye- disease.
    -हम् a small water-house (rather summer- house) furnished with artificial fountains.
    -हस्तिन् m. a water-elephant.
    -हारिणी a drain.
    -हासः 1 foam.
    -2 cuttle-fish-bone considered as the foam of the sea.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > जल _jala

  • 27 путь пут·ь

    быть на неверном пути — to be on the wrong lines / track / tack

    встать / вступить на путь — to embark on the road (of)

    открыть путь для дальнейшего обсуждения — to leave the way open, to clear the way for further discussion

    пойти по другому пути — to change one's tack, to take a different road

    преградить путь агрессии — to block / to bar the way to aggression

    следовать мирным путём / по пути мира — to follow / to steer the course of peace

    верный / правильный путь — right tack / track

    неверный путь — wrong track / lines / tack

    2) (способ) way, means

    искать средний путь — to search for a middle course / way

    другого / иного пути нет — there are no two ways about it

    3) (дорога) way, route

    водные / судоходные пути международного значения — navigable waterways of international concern

    морской путь — sea route / lane

    навигационные пути — navigation / sailing routes

    по пути (куда-л.) — en route фр.

    Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > путь пут·ь

  • 28 diversion

    1. n отклонение, отход
    2. n уклонение; отступление
    3. n отвлечение
    4. n развлечение, забава
    5. n отвод
    6. n обходное направление
    7. n воен. ложная атака, отвлекающий удар
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. changing course (noun) alteration; change; change of course; changing course; detour
    2. deviation (noun) aberration; deflection; departure; deviation; divergence; turning
    3. enjoyment (noun) delectation; enjoyment; pleasure; relish
    4. entertainment (noun) amusement; disport; dissipation; distraction; divertissement; entertainment; fun; game; hobby; pastime; play; recreation; sport
    Антонимический ряд:
    labor; work

    English-Russian base dictionary > diversion

  • 29 К-290

    БОЛЬШОМУ КОРАБЛЮ - БОЛЬШОЕ ПЛАВАНИЕ (saying) an outstanding person needs ample opportunity and unbounded freedom to allow his abilities to manifest themselves fully (often said when wishing well to a person who has deservedly been given the opportunity to demonstrate his abilities): - a big ship needs a big sea a great ship asks for deeper water
    great ships need deep waters. "...За буйные поступки и за вызов на поединок ссылают его (подсудимого) в один из отдалённых пограничных городков нашей благодатной России. Там он служит, там и кутит, и конечно - большому кораблю большое и плавание. Нам надо средств-с, средств прежде всего...» (Достоевский 2). "...For riotous conduct, for a challenge to a duel, he (the accused) is exiled to one of the remote frontier towns of our bounteous Russia. There he serves, there he carouses, and of course a big ship needs a big sea. We need money, money above all..." (1a).
    (Городничий:) Да, признаюсь, господа, я, чёрт возьми, очень хочу быть генералом. (Лука Лукич:) И дай бог получить... (Аммос Фёдорович:) Большому кораблю большое плаванье (Гоголь 4). (Mayor:) Yes, I must admit, ladies and gentlemen, God damn it, I very much want to be a general. (L.L:) And God grant you get it...(A F:) Great ships need deep waters (4a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > К-290

  • 30 большому кораблю - большое плавание

    [saying]
    =====
    ⇒ an outstanding person needs ample opportunity and unbounded freedom to allow his abilities to manifest themselves fully (often said when wishing well to a person who has deservedly been given the opportunity to demonstrate his abilities):
    - great ships need deep waters.
         ♦ "...За буйные поступки и за вызов на поединок ссылают его [подсудимого] в один из отдалённых пограничных городков нашей благодатной России. Там он служит, там и кутит, и конечно - большому кораблю большое и плавание. Нам надо средств-с, средств прежде всего..." (Достоевский 2). "...For riotous conduct, for a challenge to a duel, he [the accused] is exiled to one of the remote frontier towns of our bounteous Russia. There he serves, there he carouses, and of course a big ship needs a big sea. We need money, money above all..." (1a).
         ♦ [Городничий:] Да, признаюсь, господа, я, чёрт возьми, очень хочу быть генералом. [Лука Лукич:] И дай бог получить... [Аммос Фёдорович:] Большому кораблю большое плаванье (Гоголь 4). [Mayor:] Yes, I must admit, ladies and gentlemen, God damn it, I very much want to be a general. [L.L:] And God grant you get it...IA F:] Great ships need deep waters (4a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > большому кораблю - большое плавание

  • 31 большому кораблю большое плавание

    [saying]
    =====
    ⇒ an outstanding person needs ample opportunity and unbounded freedom to allow his abilities to manifest themselves fully (often said when wishing well to a person who has deservedly been given the opportunity to demonstrate his abilities):
    - great ships need deep waters.
         ♦ "...За буйные поступки и за вызов на поединок ссылают его [подсудимого] в один из отдалённых пограничных городков нашей благодатной России. Там он служит, там и кутит, и конечно - большому кораблю большое и плавание. Нам надо средств-с, средств прежде всего..." (Достоевский 2). "...For riotous conduct, for a challenge to a duel, he [the accused] is exiled to one of the remote frontier towns of our bounteous Russia. There he serves, there he carouses, and of course a big ship needs a big sea. We need money, money above all..." (1a).
         ♦ [Городничий:] Да, признаюсь, господа, я, чёрт возьми, очень хочу быть генералом. [Лука Лукич:] И дай бог получить... [Аммос Фёдорович:] Большому кораблю большое плаванье (Гоголь 4). [Mayor:] Yes, I must admit, ladies and gentlemen, God damn it, I very much want to be a general. [L.L:] And God grant you get it...IA F:] Great ships need deep waters (4a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > большому кораблю большое плавание

  • 32 Brunnenkur

    f mineral water cure; eine Brunnenkur machen auch take the waters
    * * *
    Brụn|nen|kur
    f
    (course of) spa treatment, cure
    * * *
    Brun·nen·kur
    f mineral water treatment no indef art
    * * *
    Brunnenkur f mineral water cure;
    eine Brunnenkur machen auch take the waters

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Brunnenkur

  • 33 जह्नुः _jahnuḥ

    जह्नुः N. of an ancient king, son of Suhotra, who adopted the river Gaṅgā as his daughter. [The river Ganges, when brought down from heaven by the austerities of Bhagīratha, was forced to flow over earth to follow him to the lower regions. In its course it inundated the sacrificial ground of king Jahnu, who being angry drank up its waters. But the gods and sages, and particularly Bhagīratha, appeased his anger, and he consented to discharge those waters from his ears. The river is therefore regarded as his daughter, and is styled जाह्नवी, जह्नुतनया, -कन्या, -सुता, -नन्दिनी &c.; cf. R.8.95. जह्नोः कन्यां सगरतनयस्वर्गसोपान- पङ्क्तिम् Me.52.
    -सप्तमी The seventh day of the bright half of Vaiśākha.]

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > जह्नुः _jahnuḥ

  • 34 thermal

    thermal, e (masculine plural - aux) [tεʀmal, o]
    adjective
    [source] thermal
    * * *
    thermale, mpl - aux tɛʀmal, o adjectif [source, eaux] thermal
    * * *
    tɛʀmal, o thermal, -e
    thermaux mpl adj
    1) (source, eau) thermal
    2) (ville) thermal
    * * *
    thermal, thermale, mpl - aux adj [source, eaux] thermal; cure thermale course of hydrotherapy, water cure; station thermale spa; établissement thermal hydrotherapic establishment; faire une cure thermale to take the waters.
    ( féminin thermale, pluriel masculin thermaux) [tɛrmal, o] adjectif
    [eau] thermal
    [source] thermal, hot

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > thermal

  • 35 water

    1. n часто l
    2. n воды; водное пространство; море, океан
    3. n поэт. волны
    4. n часто воды; лечебная вода
    5. n наводнение; разлив, паводок

    the waters are out — вода вышла из берегов, река разлилась

    the high water receded — вода спала, паводок пошёл на убыль

    6. n уровень воды

    high water — полная вода, прилив; паводок

    7. n водоём; озеро, река, пруд
    8. n жидкие выделения организма
    9. n вода
    10. n жив. акварель

    муаровый, волнистый рисунок

    to get into hot water — попасть в беду; запутаться, «влипнуть»

    the exhibition has more oils than water colors — на выставке больше картин, написанных маслом, чем акварелей

    11. a водный; морской; речной

    water sports — водный спорт; виды водного спорта

    water gods — морские божества; божества речных вод или источников

    water erosion — водная эрозия; размыв

    water face — водное зеркало; поверхность воды

    water pageant — карнавал на воде; спортивный праздник на воде

    12. a водяной; относящийся к воде; предназначенный для воды; живущий в воде или на воде

    water box — бак для воды; поливной бак

    13. a спец. водяной, гидравлический; гидросиловой; гидротехнический
    14. a водопроводный; относящийся к водоснабжению
    15. v мочить, смачивать; увлажнять; обрызгивать
    16. v поливать
    17. v разбавлять
    18. v ослаблять, смягчать
    19. v поить, водить на водопой
    20. v пить, ходить на водопой

    approved water — вода, пригодная для питья

    importable water — вода, непригодная для питья

    21. v снабжать водой
    22. v набирать воду; делать запас воды

    service water — вода, пригодная только для технических целей

    23. v орошать; обводнять

    field going to water — месторождение, начинающее обводняться

    24. v выделять воду, влагу; слезиться; потеть
    25. v фин. разводнять
    26. v текст. муарировать
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. liquid (noun) drinking water; ice; liquid; pond; pool; puddle; rain; reservoir; river
    2. saliva (noun) saliva; slaver; spit; spittle
    3. tears (noun) teardrops; tears
    4. cut (verb) attenuate; cut; dilute; thin; weaken
    5. drool (verb) drool
    6. irrigate (verb) douse; drench; flood; give a soaking; irrigate; soak; spray water on; sprinkle; throw water on

    English-Russian base dictionary > water

  • 36 encrespar

    v.
    1 to curl (pelo).
    2 to irritate.
    3 to ruffle, to crisp, to curl, to frizz.
    Encrespamos la tela We ruffled the fabric.
    4 to make choppy.
    La tormenta encrespó el mar The storm made the sea choppy.
    * * *
    1 (pelo) to curl, frizz
    2 (mar) to make choppy, make rough
    3 figurado (enfurecer) to infuriate
    1 (pelo) to stand on end
    2 (mar) to get rough
    3 figurado (enfurecerse) to get cross, get irritated
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=rizar) [+ pelo] to curl; [+ plumas] to ruffle; [+ agua] to ripple; [+ mar] to make rough
    2) (=irritar) to anger, irritate
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) < pelo> to make... go curly; < mar> to make... rough o choppy
    b) < pasiones> to arouse, inflame (liter)
    c) < persona> to irritate, annoy
    2.
    encresparse v pron pelo to curl, go curly; mar to get rough o choppy; pasiones to be aroused, be inflamed (liter); persona to become irritated
    * * *
    = bristle, irritate, annoy, exasperate.
    Ex. In the course of reading this article, you may spot a factual error which makes you bristle, or you may think the writing is biased, but by now the ink has dried; all you can do is send a letter of complaint.
    Ex. Their education must accordingly be designed to prepare them for that future, however much this may irritate the myopics whose only concern is for the present.
    Ex. Library pests are any humans, large or microscopic beasts, library equipment or installations, or chemical and biological substances that hamper or annoy the reader.
    Ex. Radical intellectuals often seem exasperated by what appears as excessive attention paid to conceptualization.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) < pelo> to make... go curly; < mar> to make... rough o choppy
    b) < pasiones> to arouse, inflame (liter)
    c) < persona> to irritate, annoy
    2.
    encresparse v pron pelo to curl, go curly; mar to get rough o choppy; pasiones to be aroused, be inflamed (liter); persona to become irritated
    * * *
    = bristle, irritate, annoy, exasperate.

    Ex: In the course of reading this article, you may spot a factual error which makes you bristle, or you may think the writing is biased, but by now the ink has dried; all you can do is send a letter of complaint.

    Ex: Their education must accordingly be designed to prepare them for that future, however much this may irritate the myopics whose only concern is for the present.
    Ex: Library pests are any humans, large or microscopic beasts, library equipment or installations, or chemical and biological substances that hamper or annoy the reader.
    Ex: Radical intellectuals often seem exasperated by what appears as excessive attention paid to conceptualization.

    * * *
    encrespar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 ‹pelo› to make … go curly; ‹mar› to make … rough o choppy
    navegaban en un mar encrespado they were sailing in rough o choppy waters
    2 ‹pasiones› to arouse, inflame ( liter)
    3 ‹persona› to irritate, annoy
    1 «pelo» to curl, go curly; «mar» to get rough o choppy
    2 «pasiones» to be aroused, be inflamed ( liter)
    se fueron encrespando los ánimos tempers became frayed
    3 «persona» to become irritated
    * * *

    encrespar ( conjugate encrespar) verbo transitivo ‹ pelo› to make … go curly;
    ‹ mar› to make … rough o choppy
    encresparse verbo pronominal [ pelo] to curl, go curly;
    [ mar] to get rough o choppy
    ' encrespar' also found in these entries:
    English:
    curl
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [pelo] to curl
    2. [mar] to make choppy o rough
    3. [irritar] [persona] to irritate;
    [ambiente] to inflame;
    sus comentarios encresparon los ánimos her remarks raised people's hackles
    * * *
    v/t
    1 pelo curl
    2 mar make rough o
    choppy
    3 fig
    ánimos arouse, inflame;
    su intervención encrespó el debate/el ambiente her intervention made the debate/the atmosphere even more heated
    * * *
    1) : to curl, to ruffle, to ripple
    2) : to annoy, to irritate

    Spanish-English dictionary > encrespar

  • 37 tomar

    v.
    1 to take.
    Ella toma la rama She takes the branch.
    Ella toma esa responsabilidad She takes that responsibility.
    2 to have (comida, bebida).
    ¿qué quieres tomar? what would you like (to drink)?; (beber) what would you like (to eat)? (comer) (peninsular Spanish)
    3 to catch (trasporte) (autobús, tren).
    4 to adopt (adquirir) (actitud, costumbre).
    tomarle manía/cariño a algo/alguien to take a dislike/a liking to something/somebody
    5 to take down (apuntar) (datos, información).
    6 to go, to head.
    7 to drink. ( Latin American Spanish)
    Ella toma limonada She drinks lemonade.
    Ellos tomaron anoche They had some drinks last night.
    8 to require.
    Me toma mucho tiempo I require a lot of time.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to take
    2 (baño, ducha) to have, take; (foto) to take
    3 (comer, beber) to have; (beber) to drink; (comer) to eat
    ■ ¿qué tomarás? what would you like?
    4 (el autobús, el tren) to catch
    5 (aceptar) to accept, take
    6 (comprar) to buy, get, have
    7 (contratar) to take on, hire
    8 (alquilar) to take, rent
    9 (adquirir) to acquire, get into
    10 MILITAR to capture, take
    1 (encaminarse) to go, turn
    1 (gen) to take
    2 (beber) to drink; (comer) to eat
    \
    lo toma o lo deja take it or leave it
    no te lo tomes así don't take it like that
    toma (aquí tienes) here you are, here
    ¡toma! familiar (sorpresa) fancy that! 2 (enfado) it serves you right!
    ¡toma castaña! familiar take that!
    toma y daca figurado give and take
    tomar a alguien de la mano to hold somebody's hand
    tomar a pecho to take to heart
    tomar afecto / tomar cariño to become fond of
    tomar algo a mal to take something badly
    tomar aliento to catch one's breath
    tomar decisiones to make decisions
    tomar el fresco to get some fresh air
    tomar el pelo a alguien figurado to pull somebody's leg
    tomar el sol to sunbathe
    tomar en cuenta to take into account
    tomar en serio to take seriously
    tomar forma to take shape
    tomar frío to catch a cold
    tomar la costumbre to get into the habit
    tomar las aguas to take the waters
    tomar nota to take note
    tomar partido por to take sides with
    tomar por (considerar) to take for
    tomar tierra to land
    tomarla con alguien familiar to have it in for somebody
    tomarse la molestia de to take the trouble to
    tomarse las cosas con calma to take it easy
    * * *
    verb
    2) drink, have
    3) capture, seize
    •
    - tomarse
    * * *
    Para las expresiones tomar las aguas, tomar las armas, tomar la delantera, tomar impulso, tomar tierra, ver la otra entrada.
    1. VERBO TRANSITIVO
    1) (=coger) to take

    ¡toma! — here (you are)!

    • vayan tomando [asiento] — please sit down, please be seated frm

    • tomar la [pluma] — to pick {o} take up one's pen

    2) (=ingerir, consumir) [+ comida] to eat, have; [+ bebida] to drink, have; [+ medicina] to take

    ¿qué quieres tomar? — what would you like?, what will you have?

    • tomar el [pecho] — to feed at the breast, breastfeed

    3) (=viajar en) [+ tren, avión, taxi] to take

    vamos a tomar el autobús — let's take {o} get the bus

    cada día toma el tren de las nueve — he catches {o} takes the nine o'clock train every day

    4) (Cine, Fot, TV) to take

    tomar una foto de algn — to take a photo of sb, take sb's photo

    5) (=apuntar) [+ notas, apuntes] to take; [+ discurso] to take down

    • nos tomaron [declaración] en comisaría — they took (down) our statements {o} they took statements from us at the police station

    • tomar [por escrito] — to write down

    6) (=medir) [+ temperatura, pulso] to take

    ven, que te tomo las medidas — let me take your measurements

    7) (=adoptar) [+ decisión, precauciones] to take
    8) (=adquirir)

    • el proyecto ya está tomando [forma] — the project is taking shape

    color 2), conciencia 3)
    9) (=empezar a sentir)

    la jefa la ha tomado {o} la tiene tomada conmigo — the boss has (got) it in for me

    10) (=disfrutar de) [+ baño, ducha] to have, take

    • tomar el [aire] {o} el [fresco] — to get some fresh air

    • tomar el [sol] — to sunbathe

    11) (Mil) (=capturar) to take, capture; (=ocupar) to occupy
    12) (=contratar) [+ empleado] to take on, engage
    13) (=ocupar) to take
    14) (=entender, interpretar) to take

    lo tomó como una ofensa — he took offence at it, he was offended by it

    • lo han tomado a [broma] — they haven't taken it seriously, they are treating it as a joke

    • no lo tomes en [serio] — don't take it seriously

    15) tomar a algn por (=confundir)

    tomar a algn por policía — to take sb for a policeman, think that sb is a policeman

    ¿por quién me toma? — what do you take me for?, who do you think I am?

    16) [sexualmente] to have
    17) And (=molestar) to upset, annoy
    2. VERBO INTRANSITIVO
    1) (Bot) [planta] to take (root); [injerto] to take
    2) LAm (=ir)
    3) LAm (=beber) to drink
    4) [exclamaciones]

    ¡toma! * —

    ¡toma! menuda suerte has tenido... — well, of all the luck!, can you believe it? what luck!

    ¡toma! pues yo también lo sé hacer — hey! I know how to do that too

    ¡toma ya! —

    ¡toma ya, vaya tío tan bueno! — wow, what an amazing guy! *

    ¡toma ya, vaya golazo! — look at that, what a fantastic goal!

    5) esp LAm
    *

    • tomó [y] se fue — off he went, he upped and went

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) (asir, agarrar) to take

    ¿lo puedo tomar prestado? — can I borrow it?

    2)
    a) (Mil) <pueblo/ciudad> to take, capture; < tierras> to seize
    b) <universidad/fábrica> to occupy
    4)
    a) ( beber) to drink
    b) (servirse, consumir) to have

    ¿vamos a tomar algo? — shall we go for a drink?

    c) <medicamento/vitaminas> to take
    5) <tren/taxi/ascensor> to take; <calle/atajo> to take
    6)
    a) (medir, registrar) to take

    tomarle la temperatura/la tensión a alguien — to take somebody's temperature/blood pressure

    b) <notas/apuntes> to take
    c) < foto> to take
    7) ( adoptar) <medidas/actitud> to take, adopt; < precauciones> to take; < decisión> to make, take
    8)
    a)

    tomar a alguien por esposo/esposa — (frml) to take somebody as o to be one's husband/wife

    b) (esp AmL) ( contratar) to take on
    c) profesor <alumnos/clases> to take on
    d) colegio < niño> to take
    9) ( confundir)

    tomar algo/a alguien POR algo/alguien — to take something/somebody for something/somebody

    ¿por quién me has tomado? — who o what do you take me for?

    te van a tomar por tonto — they'll take you for a fool, they'll think you're stupid

    10) ( reaccionar frente a) <noticia/comentario> to take

    tómalo como de quien viene — take it with a grain (AmE) o (BrE) pinch of salt

    lo tomó a mal/a broma — he took it the wrong way/as a joke

    11) < tiempo> to take
    12) ( en costura) to take in
    13) ( adquirir)
    a) < forma> to take; < aspecto> to take on

    dado el cariz que están tomando las cosas... — the way things are going...

    b) <velocidad/altura> to gain
    c) < costumbre> to get into
    14) ( cobrar) <cariño/asco>

    tomarle algo A algo/alguien: le he tomado cariño a esta casa/a la niña I've become quite attached to this house/quite fond of the girl; les ha tomado asco a los mejillones he's gone right off mussels (colloq); justo ahora que le estoy tomando el gusto just when I was getting to like it; tomarla con alguien/algo — (fam) to take against somebody/something

    15)

    tomar el aire or el fresco — to get some (fresh) air

    vas a tomar frío — (RPl) you'll get o catch cold

    b) <baño/ducha> to take, have
    16) ( recibir) < clases> to take; < curso> to take, do (BrE)
    2.
    tomar vi
    1) ( asir)

    toma, léelo tú misma — here, read it yourself

    toma, aquí tienes tus tijeras — here are your scissors

    tome, yo no lo necesito — take it, I don't need it

    2) (esp AmL) ( beber alcohol) to drink
    3) (AmL) (ir) to go

    tomaron para el norte/por allí — they went north/that way

    tomar a la derecha — to turn o go right

    4) injerto to take
    3.
    tomarse v pron
    1) <vacaciones/tiempo> to take
    2) <molestia/libertad> to take

    tomarse la molestia/libertad de + inf — to take the trouble to + inf/the liberty of + ger

    3) (enf)
    a) <café/vino> to drink

    se toma todo lo que gana — (AmL) he spends everything he earns on drink

    b) <medicamento/vitaminas> to take
    c) <desayuno/merienda/sopa> to eat, have; <helado/yogur> to have
    4) <autobús/tren/taxi> to take
    5) (Med)
    a) (refl) to take
    b) (caus)

    tomarse la presión or la tensión — to have one's blood pressure taken

    6) (caus) (esp AmL) < foto> to have... taken
    7) (enf) ( reaccionar frente a) <comentario/noticia> to take
    8) (Chi) <universidad/fábrica> to occupy
    * * *
    = capture, take, take (in/into), usurp, pull from, pull off, spring for, swig.
    Ex. In those early days, so the story goes, the library movement was in danger of being captured by an aristocratic intellectual class designing to make the public library an elitist center for scholarly research.
    Ex. If we take Cindi, Albert will almost surely grieve.
    Ex. For example, a computer on board a space ship, o even in some cars, takes in data, works out settings, displays results completely automatically.
    Ex. Peter Jackaman fears 'that public libraries have failed to grasp the opportunity which this development offered, and as result their potential role has, in many cases, been usurped by other agencies'.
    Ex. The data is pulled directly from all the bibliographic data bases on DIALOG that have a JN field.
    Ex. One of its main advantages is the potential to pull off descriptive entries onto disc to create annotated booklists.
    Ex. If I decide to spring for this I'll let you in on what I find out.
    Ex. One day she indulged in her habit of swigging too much gin before going to feed the porker and after opening its pen she slumped in a heap.
    ----
    * de armas tomar = redoubtable.
    * desventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover disadvantage.
    * disfrutar tomando el sol = bask.
    * estar tomando + Fármaco = be on + Fármaco.
    * irse a tomar por culo = naff off.
    * llevar a tomar una decisión = lead (up) to + decision.
    * lo tomas o lo dejas = take it or leave it.
    * necesitar tomar cierto tipo de decisiones = require + judgement, require + judgement, require + an exercise of + judgement.
    * no ser para tomárselo a risa = be no laughing matter.
    * no tomándose a uno como el centro de referencia = ex-centric [excentric].
    * no tomárselo bien = not take + kindly to, not take + kindly to.
    * para tomar medidas = for action.
    * persona que toma la última decisión = decider.
    * primero en tomar la iniciativa = first mover.
    * que se toma las cosas con calma = laid-back, laid-back.
    * que toma parte en = involved in.
    * responsable de tomar decisiones = decision maker [decision-maker].
    * reunión para tomar café = coffee party.
    * salir a tomar una copa = go out for + a drink.
    * ser de armas tomar = be a (real) handful.
    * tomándose a uno como centro de referencia = centric.
    * tomar a Alguien bajo + Posesivo + tutela = take + Nombre + under + Posesivo + wings.
    * tomar a la ligera = take + lightly.
    * tomar aliento = draw + a breath.
    * tomar armas = take up + arms.
    * tomar a saco = take + Nombre + by storm.
    * tomar asiento = take + a seat (on).
    * tomar a sorbos = sip.
    * tomar atajos = take + shortcuts.
    * tomar cariño a = grow + fond of.
    * tomar carta en = get + stuck into.
    * tomar como ejemplo = take.
    * tomar como modelo = pattern.
    * tomar como punto de partida = build on/upon.
    * tomar como responsabilidad propia = take it upon + Reflexivo + to.
    * tomar conciencia = sensitise [sensitize, -USA], enhance + awareness.
    * tomar copas = tipple.
    * tomar decisión = make + choices.
    * tomar decisiones = exercise + judgement.
    * tomar decisiones con conocimiento de causa = make + informed decisions.
    * tomar decisiones fundadas = make + informed decisions.
    * tomar decisiones por Alguien = take + decisions in + Posesivo + name.
    * tomar ejemplo de = take + a lead from.
    * tomar el control = take + the helm.
    * tomar el control de = take + control of.
    * tomar el mando = take + the helm.
    * tomar el pelo = tease, twit, taunt.
    * tomar el poder = take + power.
    * tomar el pulso a Algo = take + the pulse.
    * tomar el relevo = hand over + the torch, pass (on) + the torch, pass (on) + the baton, take it from here.
    * tomar el relevo (de) = take over + the leadership (from).
    * tomar el relevo en el mando = take over + the helm.
    * tomar el relevo en el timón = take over + the helm.
    * tomar el sol = sunbathe, sun + Reflexivo, soak up + rays.
    * tomar el sol con gusto = bask.
    * tomar el tiempo = time.
    * tomar el timón = take + the helm.
    * tomar en consideración = allow for, take into + consideration.
    * tomar en sentido literal = take + Nombre + at face value, accept + Nombre + at face value.
    * tomar forma = take + form, take + shape, assume + form, shape up.
    * tomarla con Alguien = turn on + Nombre.
    * tomar la decisión más acertada dadas las circunstancias = do + the best thing in the circumstances.
    * tomar la delantera = take + a lead, take + an early lead.
    * tomar la iniciativa = seize + the initiative, take + initiative, take + a lead, step up.
    * tomar la iniciativa en + Infinitivo = take + the lead in + Gerundio.
    * tomar la mano = take + Posesivo + hand.
    * tomar la palabra sin dejar hablar a los demás = hog + the floor.
    * tomar la responsabilidad = take + responsibility.
    * tomar las decisiones = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost, set + the agenda.
    * tomar las riendas = take (over) + the reins.
    * tomar las riendas del poder = take + the reins of power.
    * tomarle afición a = acquire + a taste for, develop + a taste for.
    * tomarle el gusto a = acquire + a taste for, develop + a taste for.
    * tomarle el pelo a = make + fun of.
    * tomarle la palabra a Alguien = take + Nombre + at + Posesivo + word.
    * tomar medicamentos = take + drugs.
    * tomar medida = take + action step.
    * tomar medidas = follow + steps, take + precaution, take + steps, take + measures, produce + contingency plan, make + contingency plan, apply + measures, undertake + action.
    * tomar medidas (contra) = take + action (against).
    * tomar medidas correctivas = pose + corrective action, take + corrective action, take + remedial action.
    * tomar medidas demasiado drásticas = throw + the baby out with the bath water, throw + the baby out with the bath water.
    * tomar medidas de seguridad = take + safety precautions.
    * tomar medidas de seguridad más estrictas = tighten + security.
    * tomar medidas drásticas contra = clamp down on.
    * tomar medidas enérgicas contra = crack down on.
    * tomar medidas preventivas = take + preventive measures.
    * tomar nota = make + a note, take + note.
    * tomar nota de = note.
    * tomar otra decisión = decision to the contrary.
    * tomar otra dirección = branch off + on a side trail.
    * tomar parte = involve, take + part, become + involved.
    * tomar parte activa = become + involved, get + active.
    * tomar parte en = join in.
    * tomar parte en el asunto = enter + the fray.
    * tomar parte en en el asunto = be part of the picture.
    * tomar partido = take + sides.
    * tomar partido por = side with.
    * tomar partido por Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.
    * tomar por asalto = take + Nombre + by storm, take + Nombre + by storm.
    * tomar por defecto = default to.
    * tomar por omisión = default to.
    * tomar por sorpresa = storm.
    * tomar por término medio = average.
    * tomar posesión de un cargo = swear in, take + office.
    * tomar precaución = take + precaution, take + caution.
    * tomar represalias contra = retaliate against, clamp down on.
    * tomar represalias contra Alguien = hold + it against.
    * tomarse Algo a la ligera = take + Nombre + lightly.
    * tomarse Algo a pecho = take to + heart.
    * tomarse Algo con calma = take + Posesivo + time.
    * tomarse Algo con humor = take + Nombre + in good humour.
    * tomarse Algo de buen grado = take + Nombre + in good humour.
    * tomarse Algo en serio = take to + heart.
    * tomarse Algo tranquilo = take + Posesivo + time.
    * tomarse el tiempo que Uno necesita = take + Posesivo + time.
    * tomarse en serio = take + seriously, get + serious.
    * tomarse excedencia en el trabajo = take + leave from + employment.
    * tomarse + Expresión Temporal + de asuntos propios = take + Expresión Temporal + off, have + Expresión Temporal + off work.
    * tomarse + Expresión Temporal + de permiso en el trabajo = take + Expresión Temporal + off, have + Expresión Temporal + off work.
    * tomarse + Expresión Temporal + de vacaciones = take + Expresión Temporal + off, have + Expresión Temporal + off work.
    * tomarse interés por = take + an interest in.
    * tomarse la libertad de = take + the liberty of.
    * tomarse la molestia = take + the trouble to.
    * tomarse la molestia de = take + the time and effort, take + the time to + Infinitivo.
    * tomarse la pastilla diaria de la malaleche = take + Posesivo + daily mean pill.
    * tomarse las cosas a la ligera = make + light of things.
    * tomarse las cosas con calma = keep + a cool head, play it + cool.
    * tomarse la venganza = wreak + vengeance upon.
    * tomarse libertades = take + liberties.
    * tomárselo bien = take it in + Posesivo + stride.
    * tomárselo con calma = hang + loose, take it + easy, keep + a cool head, play it + cool.
    * tomárselo tranquilo = hang + loose, take it + easy.
    * tomarse + Tiempo + de excedencia = take + Tiempo + off from work, take + Tiempo + off.
    * tomarse un descanso = take + time out, take + Posesivo + break, lie on + Posesivo + oars, rest on + Posesivo + oars.
    * tomarse unos días de asuntos propios = take + time off work.
    * tomarse unos días de asuntos propios = take + time off, take + time out.
    * tomarse unos días de descanso = take + a break from work.
    * tomarse unos días de permiso = take + a leave of absence.
    * tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off work.
    * tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off, take + time out.
    * tomarse unos días de vacaciones = take + time off, take + time out, take + time off work.
    * tomarse un respiro = lie on + Posesivo + oars, rest on + Posesivo + oars.
    * tomarse un trago = take + a swig.
    * tomar tiempo = take + time, take + long.
    * tomar una decisión = make + decision, make + judgement, take + decision, reach + decision, make up + Posesivo + (own) mind, adopt + decision.
    * tomar una decisión sin conocer todos los datos = make + uninformed decision.
    * tomar una decisión sin consultar con nadie = take it upon + Reflexivo + to.
    * tomar una dirección = take + direction.
    * tomar una foto = snap + the camera.
    * tomar una fotografía = take + picture.
    * tomar una opción = take up + option.
    * tomar una postura = take + viewpoint, adopt + a stance, take + position, take + a stance.
    * tomar una postura firme = take + a stand (against).
    * tomar una postura intransigente = take + a hard stand.
    * tomar un atajo por = cut across.
    * tomar un descanso = take + a breather, take + a break from work.
    * tomar un gran riesgo = play (for) + high stakes, play (for) + high stakes.
    * tomar un papel secundario = take + a back seat.
    * tomar un paso decisivo = take + the plunge.
    * tomar un tono + Adjetivo = take on + Adjetivo + character.
    * ventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover advantage.
    * vete a tomar por culo = fuck off.
    * volver a tomar = regain, retake.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) (asir, agarrar) to take

    ¿lo puedo tomar prestado? — can I borrow it?

    2)
    a) (Mil) <pueblo/ciudad> to take, capture; < tierras> to seize
    b) <universidad/fábrica> to occupy
    4)
    a) ( beber) to drink
    b) (servirse, consumir) to have

    ¿vamos a tomar algo? — shall we go for a drink?

    c) <medicamento/vitaminas> to take
    5) <tren/taxi/ascensor> to take; <calle/atajo> to take
    6)
    a) (medir, registrar) to take

    tomarle la temperatura/la tensión a alguien — to take somebody's temperature/blood pressure

    b) <notas/apuntes> to take
    c) < foto> to take
    7) ( adoptar) <medidas/actitud> to take, adopt; < precauciones> to take; < decisión> to make, take
    8)
    a)

    tomar a alguien por esposo/esposa — (frml) to take somebody as o to be one's husband/wife

    b) (esp AmL) ( contratar) to take on
    c) profesor <alumnos/clases> to take on
    d) colegio < niño> to take
    9) ( confundir)

    tomar algo/a alguien POR algo/alguien — to take something/somebody for something/somebody

    ¿por quién me has tomado? — who o what do you take me for?

    te van a tomar por tonto — they'll take you for a fool, they'll think you're stupid

    10) ( reaccionar frente a) <noticia/comentario> to take

    tómalo como de quien viene — take it with a grain (AmE) o (BrE) pinch of salt

    lo tomó a mal/a broma — he took it the wrong way/as a joke

    11) < tiempo> to take
    12) ( en costura) to take in
    13) ( adquirir)
    a) < forma> to take; < aspecto> to take on

    dado el cariz que están tomando las cosas... — the way things are going...

    b) <velocidad/altura> to gain
    c) < costumbre> to get into
    14) ( cobrar) <cariño/asco>

    tomarle algo A algo/alguien: le he tomado cariño a esta casa/a la niña I've become quite attached to this house/quite fond of the girl; les ha tomado asco a los mejillones he's gone right off mussels (colloq); justo ahora que le estoy tomando el gusto just when I was getting to like it; tomarla con alguien/algo — (fam) to take against somebody/something

    15)

    tomar el aire or el fresco — to get some (fresh) air

    vas a tomar frío — (RPl) you'll get o catch cold

    b) <baño/ducha> to take, have
    16) ( recibir) < clases> to take; < curso> to take, do (BrE)
    2.
    tomar vi
    1) ( asir)

    toma, léelo tú misma — here, read it yourself

    toma, aquí tienes tus tijeras — here are your scissors

    tome, yo no lo necesito — take it, I don't need it

    2) (esp AmL) ( beber alcohol) to drink
    3) (AmL) (ir) to go

    tomaron para el norte/por allí — they went north/that way

    tomar a la derecha — to turn o go right

    4) injerto to take
    3.
    tomarse v pron
    1) <vacaciones/tiempo> to take
    2) <molestia/libertad> to take

    tomarse la molestia/libertad de + inf — to take the trouble to + inf/the liberty of + ger

    3) (enf)
    a) <café/vino> to drink

    se toma todo lo que gana — (AmL) he spends everything he earns on drink

    b) <medicamento/vitaminas> to take
    c) <desayuno/merienda/sopa> to eat, have; <helado/yogur> to have
    4) <autobús/tren/taxi> to take
    5) (Med)
    a) (refl) to take
    b) (caus)

    tomarse la presión or la tensión — to have one's blood pressure taken

    6) (caus) (esp AmL) < foto> to have... taken
    7) (enf) ( reaccionar frente a) <comentario/noticia> to take
    8) (Chi) <universidad/fábrica> to occupy
    * * *
    = capture, take, take (in/into), usurp, pull from, pull off, spring for, swig.

    Ex: In those early days, so the story goes, the library movement was in danger of being captured by an aristocratic intellectual class designing to make the public library an elitist center for scholarly research.

    Ex: If we take Cindi, Albert will almost surely grieve.
    Ex: For example, a computer on board a space ship, o even in some cars, takes in data, works out settings, displays results completely automatically.
    Ex: Peter Jackaman fears 'that public libraries have failed to grasp the opportunity which this development offered, and as result their potential role has, in many cases, been usurped by other agencies'.
    Ex: The data is pulled directly from all the bibliographic data bases on DIALOG that have a JN field.
    Ex: One of its main advantages is the potential to pull off descriptive entries onto disc to create annotated booklists.
    Ex: If I decide to spring for this I'll let you in on what I find out.
    Ex: One day she indulged in her habit of swigging too much gin before going to feed the porker and after opening its pen she slumped in a heap.
    * de armas tomar = redoubtable.
    * desventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover disadvantage.
    * disfrutar tomando el sol = bask.
    * estar tomando + Fármaco = be on + Fármaco.
    * irse a tomar por culo = naff off.
    * llevar a tomar una decisión = lead (up) to + decision.
    * lo tomas o lo dejas = take it or leave it.
    * necesitar tomar cierto tipo de decisiones = require + judgement, require + judgement, require + an exercise of + judgement.
    * no ser para tomárselo a risa = be no laughing matter.
    * no tomándose a uno como el centro de referencia = ex-centric [excentric].
    * no tomárselo bien = not take + kindly to, not take + kindly to.
    * para tomar medidas = for action.
    * persona que toma la última decisión = decider.
    * primero en tomar la iniciativa = first mover.
    * que se toma las cosas con calma = laid-back, laid-back.
    * que toma parte en = involved in.
    * responsable de tomar decisiones = decision maker [decision-maker].
    * reunión para tomar café = coffee party.
    * salir a tomar una copa = go out for + a drink.
    * ser de armas tomar = be a (real) handful.
    * tomándose a uno como centro de referencia = centric.
    * tomar a Alguien bajo + Posesivo + tutela = take + Nombre + under + Posesivo + wings.
    * tomar a la ligera = take + lightly.
    * tomar aliento = draw + a breath.
    * tomar armas = take up + arms.
    * tomar a saco = take + Nombre + by storm.
    * tomar asiento = take + a seat (on).
    * tomar a sorbos = sip.
    * tomar atajos = take + shortcuts.
    * tomar cariño a = grow + fond of.
    * tomar carta en = get + stuck into.
    * tomar como ejemplo = take.
    * tomar como modelo = pattern.
    * tomar como punto de partida = build on/upon.
    * tomar como responsabilidad propia = take it upon + Reflexivo + to.
    * tomar conciencia = sensitise [sensitize, -USA], enhance + awareness.
    * tomar copas = tipple.
    * tomar decisión = make + choices.
    * tomar decisiones = exercise + judgement.
    * tomar decisiones con conocimiento de causa = make + informed decisions.
    * tomar decisiones fundadas = make + informed decisions.
    * tomar decisiones por Alguien = take + decisions in + Posesivo + name.
    * tomar ejemplo de = take + a lead from.
    * tomar el control = take + the helm.
    * tomar el control de = take + control of.
    * tomar el mando = take + the helm.
    * tomar el pelo = tease, twit, taunt.
    * tomar el poder = take + power.
    * tomar el pulso a Algo = take + the pulse.
    * tomar el relevo = hand over + the torch, pass (on) + the torch, pass (on) + the baton, take it from here.
    * tomar el relevo (de) = take over + the leadership (from).
    * tomar el relevo en el mando = take over + the helm.
    * tomar el relevo en el timón = take over + the helm.
    * tomar el sol = sunbathe, sun + Reflexivo, soak up + rays.
    * tomar el sol con gusto = bask.
    * tomar el tiempo = time.
    * tomar el timón = take + the helm.
    * tomar en consideración = allow for, take into + consideration.
    * tomar en sentido literal = take + Nombre + at face value, accept + Nombre + at face value.
    * tomar forma = take + form, take + shape, assume + form, shape up.
    * tomarla con Alguien = turn on + Nombre.
    * tomar la decisión más acertada dadas las circunstancias = do + the best thing in the circumstances.
    * tomar la delantera = take + a lead, take + an early lead.
    * tomar la iniciativa = seize + the initiative, take + initiative, take + a lead, step up.
    * tomar la iniciativa en + Infinitivo = take + the lead in + Gerundio.
    * tomar la mano = take + Posesivo + hand.
    * tomar la palabra sin dejar hablar a los demás = hog + the floor.
    * tomar la responsabilidad = take + responsibility.
    * tomar las decisiones = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost, set + the agenda.
    * tomar las riendas = take (over) + the reins.
    * tomar las riendas del poder = take + the reins of power.
    * tomarle afición a = acquire + a taste for, develop + a taste for.
    * tomarle el gusto a = acquire + a taste for, develop + a taste for.
    * tomarle el pelo a = make + fun of.
    * tomarle la palabra a Alguien = take + Nombre + at + Posesivo + word.
    * tomar medicamentos = take + drugs.
    * tomar medida = take + action step.
    * tomar medidas = follow + steps, take + precaution, take + steps, take + measures, produce + contingency plan, make + contingency plan, apply + measures, undertake + action.
    * tomar medidas (contra) = take + action (against).
    * tomar medidas correctivas = pose + corrective action, take + corrective action, take + remedial action.
    * tomar medidas demasiado drásticas = throw + the baby out with the bath water, throw + the baby out with the bath water.
    * tomar medidas de seguridad = take + safety precautions.
    * tomar medidas de seguridad más estrictas = tighten + security.
    * tomar medidas drásticas contra = clamp down on.
    * tomar medidas enérgicas contra = crack down on.
    * tomar medidas preventivas = take + preventive measures.
    * tomar nota = make + a note, take + note.
    * tomar nota de = note.
    * tomar otra decisión = decision to the contrary.
    * tomar otra dirección = branch off + on a side trail.
    * tomar parte = involve, take + part, become + involved.
    * tomar parte activa = become + involved, get + active.
    * tomar parte en = join in.
    * tomar parte en el asunto = enter + the fray.
    * tomar parte en en el asunto = be part of the picture.
    * tomar partido = take + sides.
    * tomar partido por = side with.
    * tomar partido por Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.
    * tomar por asalto = take + Nombre + by storm, take + Nombre + by storm.
    * tomar por defecto = default to.
    * tomar por omisión = default to.
    * tomar por sorpresa = storm.
    * tomar por término medio = average.
    * tomar posesión de un cargo = swear in, take + office.
    * tomar precaución = take + precaution, take + caution.
    * tomar represalias contra = retaliate against, clamp down on.
    * tomar represalias contra Alguien = hold + it against.
    * tomarse Algo a la ligera = take + Nombre + lightly.
    * tomarse Algo a pecho = take to + heart.
    * tomarse Algo con calma = take + Posesivo + time.
    * tomarse Algo con humor = take + Nombre + in good humour.
    * tomarse Algo de buen grado = take + Nombre + in good humour.
    * tomarse Algo en serio = take to + heart.
    * tomarse Algo tranquilo = take + Posesivo + time.
    * tomarse el tiempo que Uno necesita = take + Posesivo + time.
    * tomarse en serio = take + seriously, get + serious.
    * tomarse excedencia en el trabajo = take + leave from + employment.
    * tomarse + Expresión Temporal + de asuntos propios = take + Expresión Temporal + off, have + Expresión Temporal + off work.
    * tomarse + Expresión Temporal + de permiso en el trabajo = take + Expresión Temporal + off, have + Expresión Temporal + off work.
    * tomarse + Expresión Temporal + de vacaciones = take + Expresión Temporal + off, have + Expresión Temporal + off work.
    * tomarse interés por = take + an interest in.
    * tomarse la libertad de = take + the liberty of.
    * tomarse la molestia = take + the trouble to.
    * tomarse la molestia de = take + the time and effort, take + the time to + Infinitivo.
    * tomarse la pastilla diaria de la malaleche = take + Posesivo + daily mean pill.
    * tomarse las cosas a la ligera = make + light of things.
    * tomarse las cosas con calma = keep + a cool head, play it + cool.
    * tomarse la venganza = wreak + vengeance upon.
    * tomarse libertades = take + liberties.
    * tomárselo bien = take it in + Posesivo + stride.
    * tomárselo con calma = hang + loose, take it + easy, keep + a cool head, play it + cool.
    * tomárselo tranquilo = hang + loose, take it + easy.
    * tomarse + Tiempo + de excedencia = take + Tiempo + off from work, take + Tiempo + off.
    * tomarse un descanso = take + time out, take + Posesivo + break, lie on + Posesivo + oars, rest on + Posesivo + oars.
    * tomarse unos días de asuntos propios = take + time off work.
    * tomarse unos días de asuntos propios = take + time off, take + time out.
    * tomarse unos días de descanso = take + a break from work.
    * tomarse unos días de permiso = take + a leave of absence.
    * tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off work.
    * tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off, take + time out.
    * tomarse unos días de vacaciones = take + time off, take + time out, take + time off work.
    * tomarse un respiro = lie on + Posesivo + oars, rest on + Posesivo + oars.
    * tomarse un trago = take + a swig.
    * tomar tiempo = take + time, take + long.
    * tomar una decisión = make + decision, make + judgement, take + decision, reach + decision, make up + Posesivo + (own) mind, adopt + decision.
    * tomar una decisión sin conocer todos los datos = make + uninformed decision.
    * tomar una decisión sin consultar con nadie = take it upon + Reflexivo + to.
    * tomar una dirección = take + direction.
    * tomar una foto = snap + the camera.
    * tomar una fotografía = take + picture.
    * tomar una opción = take up + option.
    * tomar una postura = take + viewpoint, adopt + a stance, take + position, take + a stance.
    * tomar una postura firme = take + a stand (against).
    * tomar una postura intransigente = take + a hard stand.
    * tomar un atajo por = cut across.
    * tomar un descanso = take + a breather, take + a break from work.
    * tomar un gran riesgo = play (for) + high stakes, play (for) + high stakes.
    * tomar un papel secundario = take + a back seat.
    * tomar un paso decisivo = take + the plunge.
    * tomar un tono + Adjetivo = take on + Adjetivo + character.
    * ventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover advantage.
    * vete a tomar por culo = fuck off.
    * volver a tomar = regain, retake.

    * * *
    tomar [A1 ]
    vt
    A (asir, agarrar) to take
    toma lo que te debo here's o this is what I owe you
    toma la mía, yo no la necesito have o take mine, I don't need it
    ¿lo puedo tomar prestado un momento? can I borrow it for a minute?
    la tomé de la mano para cruzar la calle I took her by the hand o I held her hand to cross the street
    le tomó la mano y la miró a los ojos he took her hand and looked into her eyes
    tomó la pluma para escribirle he picked up the/his pen to write to her
    tomar las armas to take up arms
    tomar algo DE algo to take sth FROM sth
    tomó un libro de la estantería he took a book from the shelf
    los datos están tomados de las estadísticas oficiales the information is taken from official statistics
    B
    1 ( Mil) ‹pueblo/ciudad› to take, capture; ‹edificio› to seize, take
    2 ‹universidad/fábrica› to occupy
    C
    (hacerse cargo de): tomó el asunto en sus manos she took charge of the matter
    tomó la responsabilidad del negocio he took over the running of the business
    tomó a su cuidado a las tres niñas she took the three girls into her care, she took the three girls in
    D
    1 (beber) to drink
    no tomes esa agua don't drink that water
    tomó un sorbito she took a sip
    el niño toma (el) pecho the baby's being breast-fed
    2 (servirse, consumir) to have
    ¿vamos a tomar algo? shall we go for a drink?
    ven a tomar una copa/un helado come and have a drink/an ice cream
    no quiere tomar la sopa she doesn't want (to eat) her soup
    nos invitó a tomar el té/el aperitivo he invited us for tea/an aperitif
    ¿qué tomas? what'll you have? ( colloq), what would you like to drink?
    ¿qué vas a tomar de postre? what are you going to have for dessert?
    no debe tomar grasas ( Esp); he's not allowed to eat fat
    3 ‹medicamento/vitaminas› to take
    E
    1 ‹tren/taxi/ascensor› to take
    ¿por qué no tomas el tren? why don't you go by train?, why don't you take o get the train?
    voy a ver si puedo tomar el tren de las cinco I'm going to try and catch the five o'clock train
    2 ‹calle/atajo› to take
    tome la primera a la derecha take the first (turning) on the right
    tomó la curva a toda velocidad he took the curve at full speed
    tomar tierra to land, touch down
    F
    1 (medir, registrar) to take
    tomarle la temperatura/la tensión a algn to take sb's temperature/blood pressure
    le tomé las medidas I took her measurements
    2 ‹notas/apuntes› to take
    tomó nota del número he took o noted down the number
    ¿quién tomó el recado? who took the message?
    tomarle declaraciones a algn to take a statement from sb
    me tomaron los datos they took (down) my details
    la maestra me tomó la lección the teacher made me recite the lesson
    3 ‹foto› to take
    le tomé varias fotos I took several photographs of her
    tomaron una película de la boda they filmed/videoed the wedding
    G
    1
    tomar a algn por esposo/esposa ( frml); to take sb as o to be one's husband/wife
    2 ( esp AmL) (contratar) to take on
    lo tomaron a prueba they took him on for a trial period
    3 «profesor» ‹alumnos/clases› to take on
    4 «colegio» ‹niño› to take
    H (adoptar) ‹medidas/actitud› to take, adopt; ‹precauciones› to take
    ha tomado la determinación de no volver a verlo she has decided not to see him again
    la decisión tomada por la directiva the decision taken by the board of directors
    aún no han tomado una decisión they haven't reached a decision yet
    tomó el nombre de su marido she took her husband's name
    tomando este punto como referencia taking this as our reference point
    I (confundir) tomar algo/a algn POR algo/algn:
    ¿por quién me has tomado? who o what do you take me for?
    te van a tomar por tonto they'll take you for a fool, they'll think you're stupid
    me tomó por mi hermana he mistook me for my sister
    J (reaccionar frente a) ‹noticia/comentario› to take
    lo tomó a broma he took it as a joke
    tómalo como de quien viene take it with a grain ( AmE) o ( BrE) pinch of salt
    no lo tomes a mal don't take it the wrong way
    K ‹tiempo› to take
    le tomó tres años escribir la tesis it took him three years to write his thesis
    un jardín tan grande toma demasiado tiempo a garden this/that big takes up too much time
    L (en costura) to take in
    1 ‹forma› to take; ‹aspecto› to take on
    el pollo está empezando a tomar color the chicken's beginning to brown o to go brown
    no me gusta nada el cariz que están tomando las cosas I don't like the way things are going o are shaping up
    2 ‹velocidad› to gain, get up, gather; ‹altura› to gain
    echó una carrera para tomar impulso he took a running start to get some momentum
    se detuvo un momento para tomar aliento he stopped for a moment to get o catch his breath
    3 ‹costumbre› to get into
    4
    tomar conciencia: hay que hacerle tomar conciencia de la gravedad del problema he must be made to realize o be made aware of the seriousness of the problem
    B (cobrar) ‹cariño/asco› tomarle algo A algo/algn:
    le he tomado cariño a esta casa I've become quite attached to this house
    ahora que le estoy tomando el gusto, me tengo que ir just when I was getting to like it, I have to go
    les ha tomado asco a los mejillones he's taken a dislike to mussels, he's gone right off mussels ( colloq)
    tomarla con algn/algo ( fam); to take against sb/sth
    la han tomado conmigo they've taken against me, they have o they've got it in for me
    la tiene tomada con la pobre chica he's got o he has it in for the poor girl
    A
    1
    (exponerse a): tomar el aire or tomar el fresco or (CS) tomar aire to get some (fresh) air
    tomar el sol or (CS, Méx) tomar sol to sunbathe
    vas a tomar frío (CS); you'll get o catch cold
    2 ‹baño/ducha› to take, have
    B (recibir) ‹clases› to take; ‹curso› to take, do ( BrE)
    estoy tomando clases de ruso I'm taking o having Russian classes
    tomé cinco lecciones con él I had five lessons with him
    ■ tomar
    vi
    A
    (asir): toma, léelo tú misma here, read it yourself
    toma y vete a comprar unos caramelos here you are, go and buy some candy
    toma, aquí tienes tu tijera here are your scissors
    tome, yo no lo necesito take it, I don't need it
    ¡toma! ( Esp fam): ¡toma! ése sí que es un tío guapo hey! now that's what I call handsome! ( colloq)
    ¿no querías pelea? pues ¡toma! you wanted a fight? well, now you're going to get one!
    tomá de acá ( RPl fam): ¿que le preste la bici? ¡tomá de acá! lend him my bike? no way! o like hell I will! ( colloq)
    ¡toma ya! ( Esp fam): ¡toma ya! ¡qué estupideces dices, tío! boy o good grief o ( AmE) jeez! you really do come out with some stupid remarks! ( colloq)
    ¡toma ya! lo ha vuelto a tirar for heaven's sake, he's knocked it over again!, jeez ( AmE) o ( BrE) for Pete's sake, he's knocked it over again! ( colloq)
    B ( esp AmL) (beber alcohol) to drink
    C ( AmL) (ir) to go
    tomar a la derecha to turn o go right
    D «injerto» to take
    A
    1 ‹vacaciones› to take
    se tomó el día libre he took the day off
    2 ‹tiempo› to take
    tómate todo el tiempo que quieras take as long as you like
    B ‹molestia/trabajo›
    ni siquiera se tomó la molestia de avisarnos he didn't even bother to tell us
    se tomó el trabajo de buscar en los archivos he went to the trouble of looking through the files
    me tomé la libertad de usar el teléfono I took the liberty of using your phone
    ya me tomaré la revancha I'll get even o I'll get my own back one of these days
    C ( enf)
    1 ‹café/vino› to drink
    se toma todo lo que gana ( AmL); he spends everything he earns on drink
    2 ‹medicamento/vitaminas› to take
    3 ‹desayuno/merienda› to eat, have; ‹helado/yogur› to have
    tómate toda la sopa eat up all your soup
    se tomó un filete ( Esp); he had a steak
    D ‹autobús/tren/taxi› to take
    tomárselas ( RPl fam); to go, clear off ( colloq)
    yo me las tomo I'm off! ( colloq), I'm taking off! ( AmE colloq)
    E ( Med)
    1 ( refl) to take
    se tomó la temperatura she took her temperature
    2 ( caus):
    tomarse la presión or la tensión to have one's blood pressure taken
    F ( caus) ( esp AmL) ‹foto› to have … taken
    me tomé unas fotos para el pasaporte I had some photos taken for my passport
    G ( enf) (reaccionar frente a) ‹comentario/noticia› to take
    se lo tomó a broma or chiste or risa she took it as a joke
    se tomó muy a mal que no la llamaras she was very put out that you didn't phone her
    H ( Chi) ‹universidad/fábrica› to occupy
    * * *

     

    tomar ( conjugate tomar) verbo transitivo
    1 ( en general) to take;

    la tomé de la mano I took her by the hand;
    toma lo que te debo here's what I owe you;
    ¿lo puedo tomar prestado? can I borrow it?;
    tomó el asunto en sus manos she took charge of the matter;
    tomar precauciones/el tren/una foto to take precautions/the train/a picture;
    tomarle la temperatura a algn to take sb's temperature;
    tomar algo por escrito to write sth down;
    tomar algo/a algn POR algo/algn to take sth/sb for sth/sb;
    ¿por quién me has tomado? who o what do you take me for?;
    lo tomó a mal/a broma he took it the wrong way/as a joke;
    eso toma demasiado tiempo that takes up too much time
    2


    b) (servirse, consumir) to have;

    ◊ ¿qué vas a tomar? what are you going to have?

    3 (esp AmL)

    b) [ profesor] ‹alumnos/clases› to take on

    c) [ colegio] ‹ niño› to take

    4 ( apoderarse de) ‹fortaleza/tierras› to seize;
    ‹universidad/fábrica› to occupy
    5 ( adquirir) ‹ forma› to take;
    ‹ aspecto› to take on;
    ‹velocidad/altura› to gain;
    ‹ costumbre› to get into
    6 ( cobrar):
    ◊ le he tomado cariño a esta casa/a la niña I've become quite attached to this house/quite fond of the girl

    7 ( exponerse a):

    tomar (el) sol to sunbathe;
    vas a tomar frío (CS) you'll get o catch cold
    verbo intransitivo
    1 ( asir):
    ◊ toma, aquí tienes tus tijeras here are your scissors;

    tome, yo no lo necesito take it, I don't need it
    2 (esp AmL) ( beber alcohol) to drink
    3 (AmL) (ir) to go;

    tomar a la derecha to turn o go right
    4 [ injerto] to take
    tomarse verbo pronominal
    1 ‹vacaciones/tiempo› to take;

    2 ‹molestia/libertad› to take;
    ◊ tomarse la molestia/libertad de hacer algo to take the trouble to do sth/the liberty of doing sth

    3 ( enf)
    a) ‹café/vino› to drink

    b) ‹medicamento/vitaminas› to take

    c) ‹desayuno/merienda/sopa› to eat, have;

    ‹helado/yogur› to have
    4 ‹autobús/tren/taxi› to take
    5 (Med)
    a) ( refl) to take;


    b) ( caus):


    6 ( caus) (esp AmL) ‹ foto› to have … taken
    7 ( enf) ( reaccionar frente a) ‹comentario/noticia› to take;

    8 (Chi) ‹universidad/fábrica› to occupy
    tomar verbo transitivo
    1 (coger, agarrar) to take: tomó mi mano, he took my hand
    toma las llaves, here are the keys
    2 (autobús, taxi, etc) to take, catch: tomé el ascensor, I took the lift o elevator
    tengo que tomar el próximo tren, I have to catch the next train
    3 (alimentos) to have
    (bebidas) to drink
    (medicinas) to take
    4 (adoptar) to take, adopt: tomaron medidas desesperadas, they took desperate measures
    5 (tener cierta reacción) no lo tomes a broma, don't take it as a joke
    6 (juzgar) no me tomes por idiota, don't think I'm stupid
    (confundirse) le tomaron por Robert Redford, they mistook him for Robert Redford
    7 (el aire, el fresco, etc) to get
    tomar el sol, to sunbathe
    8 (en carretera) decidió tomar la autopista, he decided to take the motorway
    9 (apuntes, notas) to take
    10 (fotos) to take
    11 Av tomar tierra, to land, touch down 12 ¡toma! excl (sorpresa) well!, why!
    (asentimiento) of course!
    ' tomar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    adelantarse
    - aire
    - apetecer
    - apunte
    - arma
    - asunto
    - baño
    - birra
    - cachondeo
    - carrerilla
    - carta
    - competer
    - concernir
    - conciencia
    - contingencia
    - copa
    - cuerpo
    - deber
    - decisión
    - delantera
    - derivar
    - desviarse
    - determinar
    - determinación
    - drogodependencia
    - especificación
    - granulada
    - granulado
    - impulso
    - iniciativa
    - jugar
    - mal
    - meterse
    - nota
    - parte
    - partida
    - partido
    - pecho
    - pensar
    - pito
    - poder
    - posesión
    - precaución
    - pulso
    - reírse
    - relevo
    - represalia
    - resolver
    - sol
    - tierra
    English:
    account
    - action
    - antidepressant
    - beach
    - borrow
    - capture
    - catch
    - change
    - clamp down
    - coffee break
    - come off
    - compel
    - confuse
    - corner
    - crack down
    - crackdown
    - cut across
    - drink
    - eight
    - either
    - engage in
    - face value
    - form
    - govern
    - have
    - join
    - join in
    - jot down
    - laugh off
    - less
    - lightly
    - make
    - measure
    - mental
    - mickey
    - mind
    - monotony
    - muck about
    - muck around
    - note
    - occupy
    - off
    - office
    - pause
    - precaution
    - provision
    - record
    - rest
    - retaliate
    - rib
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [agarrar] to take;
    me tomó de un brazo he took me by the arm;
    tomó el dinero y se fue she took the money and left;
    tómalo, ya no me hace falta take o have it, I no longer need it;
    toma el libro que me pediste here's the book you asked me for;
    Fam
    ¡toma ésa! [expresa venganza] that'll teach you!, chew on that!
    2. [sacar, obtener] to take;
    este ejemplo lo tomé del libro I took this example from the book;
    fue al sastre para que le tomara las medidas he went to the tailor's to have his measurements taken;
    toma unos planos de la casa [con cámara] take a few shots of the house;
    tomar fotos (a o [m5] de) to take photos (of);
    tomar declaración a alguien to take a statement from sb;
    tomarle la lección a alguien to test sb on what they've learned at school;
    tomar unas muestras de orina/sangre (a alguien) to take some urine/blood samples (from sb);
    tomar la tensión/temperatura a alguien to take sb's blood pressure/temperature
    3. [ingerir] [alimento, medicina, droga] to take;
    ¿qué quieres tomar? [beber] what would you like (to drink)?;
    Esp [comer] what would you like (to eat)?;
    ¿quieres tomar algo (de beber)? would you like something to drink?;
    Esp
    ¿quieres tomar algo (de comer)? would you like something to eat?;
    tomé sopa I had soup;
    no tomo alcohol I don't drink (alcohol)
    4. [exponerse a]
    tomar el sol, Am [m5] tomar sol to sunbathe;
    salir a tomar el aire, Am [m5] salir a tomar aire to go out for a breath of fresh air;
    salir a tomar el fresco to go out for a breath of fresh air;
    RP
    tomar frío to catch a chill;
    tomó frío, por eso se engripó she caught a chill, that's why she came down with flu
    5. [desplazarse mediante] [autobús, tren] to catch;
    [taxi, ascensor, telesilla] to take;
    tomaré el último vuelo I'll be on the last flight;
    podríamos tomar el tren we could go by train;
    tomaron un atajo they took a short-cut
    6. [recibir] to take;
    toma lecciones de piano she is taking o having piano lessons;
    he tomado un curso de jardinería I've taken o done a course on gardening;
    toma mi consejo y… take my advice and…;
    ¿tomas a María por esposa? do you take María to be your lawfully wedded wife?
    7. [apuntar] [datos, información] to take down;
    tomar apuntes o [m5] notas to take notes;
    tomar algo por escrito to take o write sth down;
    el secretario iba tomando nota de todo the secretary noted everything down
    8. [baño, ducha] to take, to have
    9. [adoptar] [medidas, precauciones, decisión] to take;
    [actitud, costumbre, modales] to adopt;
    tomar la determinación de hacer algo to determine o decide to do sth;
    el Presidente debe tomar una postura sobre este asunto the President should state his opinion on this matter
    10. [adquirir, cobrar] [velocidad] to gain, to gather;
    las cosas están tomando mejor aspecto con este gobierno things are looking up under this government;
    el avión fue tomando altura the plane climbed;
    tomar confianza to grow in confidence, to become more assured;
    la obra ya está tomando forma the play is beginning to take shape;
    tomar fuerzas to gather one's strength;
    voy tomándole el gusto a esto del esquí acuático water-skiing is starting to grow on me;
    tomar interés por algo to get o grow interested in sth;
    tomarle manía/cariño a to take a dislike/a liking to;
    las negociaciones tomaron un rumbo favorable the negotiations started to go better
    11. [asumir, encargarse de]
    tomar el control to take control;
    el copiloto tomó el mando the copilot took over;
    12. [reaccionar a] to take;
    ¿qué tal tomó la noticia? how did she take the news?;
    las cosas hay que tomarlas como vienen you have to take things as they come;
    tómalo con calma take it easy
    13. [llevar] [tiempo] to take;
    me tomó mucho tiempo limpiarlo todo it took me a long time to clean it all
    14. [contratar] to take on
    15. [invadir] to take;
    las tropas tomaron la ciudad the troops took o seized the city;
    los estudiantes tomaron la universidad the students occupied the university
    16. Fam
    tomarla con alguien to have it in for sb
    17. [confundir]
    tomar a alguien por algo/alguien to take sb for sth/sb;
    ¿por quién me tomas o [m5] has tomado? what do you take me for?;
    lo tomé por el jefe I took o mistook him for the boss;
    ¿tú me tomas por tonto o qué? do you think I'm stupid or something?
    ♦ vi
    1. [encaminarse] to go;
    toma a la derecha/izquierda turn o go right/left;
    tomamos hacia el sur we headed south;
    toma por ahí/por ese camino go that way/down that road
    2. [en imperativo] [al dar algo]
    ¡toma! here you are!;
    toma, dale esto a tu madre here, give this to your mother
    3. Fam [como interjección]
    ¡toma! [expresa sorpresa] good grief!, Br blimey!;
    necesito unas vacaciones – ¡tomar! ¡y yo! I need a Br holiday o US vacation – what, and I don't?;
    ¡tomar ya!, ¡qué golazo! how's that for a goal?
    4. Am [beber alcohol] to drink
    * * *
    I v/t take; decisión tb
    make; bebida, comida have;
    tomarla con alguien fam have it in for s.o. fam ;
    tomar el sol sunbathe;
    ¡toma! here (you are);
    ¡toma ya! serves you right!;
    ¿por quién me toma? what do you take me for?;
    toma y daca give and take;
    tomar las de Villadiego fam hightail it fam
    II v/i
    1 L.Am.
    drink
    2
    :
    tomar por la derecha take a right, turn right
    * * *
    tomar vt
    1) : to take
    tomé el libro: I took the book
    tomar un taxi: to take a taxi
    tomar una foto: to take a photo
    toma dos años: it takes two years
    tomaron medidas drásticas: they took drastic measures
    2) beber: to drink
    3) capturar: to capture, to seize
    4)
    tomar el sol : to sunbathe
    5)
    tomar tierra : to land
    tomar vi
    : to drink (alcohol)
    * * *
    tomar vb
    1. (en general) to take [pt. took; pp. taken]
    toma, es tuyo here, this is yours
    2. (comer, beber) to have
    ¿quieres tomar algo? would you like a drink?
    ¿me tomas por tonto? do you take me for a fool?

    Spanish-English dictionary > tomar

  • 38 AT

    I) prep.
    A. with dative.
    I. Of motion;
    1) towards, against;
    Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;
    hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;
    Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;
    þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;
    3) to, at;
    koma at landi, to come to land;
    ganga at dómi, to go into court;
    4) along (= eptir);
    ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;
    dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;
    refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;
    5) denoting hostility;
    renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;
    gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;
    6) around;
    vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;
    bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;
    7) denoting business, engagement;
    ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;
    fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.
    II. Of position, &c.;
    1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;
    at kirkju, at church;
    at dómi, in court;
    at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;
    2) denoting participation in;
    vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;
    3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;
    kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;
    var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;
    4) with proper names of places (farms);
    konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;
    biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;
    at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;
    5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;
    at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;
    at Marðar, at Mara’s home;
    at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;
    at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).
    III. Of time;
    1) at, in;
    at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;
    at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;
    at páskum, at Easter;
    at kveldi, at eventide;
    at fjöru, at the ebb;
    at flœðum, at the floodtide;
    2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;
    at ári komanda, next year;
    at vári, er kemr, next spring;
    generally with ‘komanda’ understood;
    at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;
    3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;
    at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;
    at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;
    at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;
    at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;
    at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;
    at honum önduðum, after his death;
    4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;
    hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;
    skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;
    at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.
    IV. fig. and in various uses;
    1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;
    brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;
    verða at ormi, to become a snake;
    2) for, as;
    gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;
    eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;
    3) by;
    taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;
    draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;
    kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;
    auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;
    vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;
    5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;
    ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;
    6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;
    faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);
    aðili at sök = aðili sakar;
    7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;
    hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;
    mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;
    tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;
    kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;
    8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;
    Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);
    þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;
    hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;
    9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);
    at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;
    at landslögum, by the law of the land;
    at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;
    10) in adverbial phrases;
    gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;
    bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;
    at fullu, fully;
    at vísu, surely;
    at frjálsu, freely;
    at eilífu, for ever and ever;
    at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;
    at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;
    at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.
    B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);
    sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;
    at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;
    connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;
    at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.
    1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;
    at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;
    2) in an objective sense;
    hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;
    gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;
    3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).
    1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;
    hón grét at meir, she wept the more;
    þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;
    þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;
    2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);
    þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;
    sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.
    conj., that;
    1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;
    þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;
    vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;
    2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;
    svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;
    3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);
    4) since, because, as (= því at);
    5) connected with þó, því, svá;
    þó at (with subj.), though, although;
    því at, because, for;
    svá at, so that;
    6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;
    þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;
    þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;
    áðr at (= á. en), before;
    7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;
    Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;
    in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.
    V)
    negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.
    odda at, Yggs at, battle.
    * * *
    1.
    and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.
    Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.
    WITH DAT.
    A. LOC.
    I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:
    1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.
    2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.
    3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)
    4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.
    5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.
    β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.
    6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.
    β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.
    γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.
    7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.
    β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.
    8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.
    β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.
    II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.
    2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.
    3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:
    α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.
    β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.
    γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.
    4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.
    5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.
    6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.
    β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.
    γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.
    7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.
    B. TEMP.
    I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.
    II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.
    β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.
    III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:
    1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,
    2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.
    IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:
    1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.
    2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.
    3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.
    V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.
    2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.
    C. METAPH. and in various cases:
    I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:
    α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.
    β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.
    II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.
    2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.
    III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.
    IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.
    2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)
    3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.
    4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.
    5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.
    6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.
    β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.
    V. denoting the source of a thing:
    1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.
    2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.
    VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.
    VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.
    VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.
    β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.
    IX. following many words:
    1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.
    β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …
    γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.
    δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.
    2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.
    3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.
    WITH ACC.
    TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.
    ☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.
    2.
    and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.
    I. it is used either,
    1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,
    2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.
    β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).
    3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.
    II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:
    α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.
    β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.
    γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.
    δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.
    ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.
    ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.
    η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.
    θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.
    3.
    and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.
    I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.
    II. it is used,
    1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.
    2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.
    β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.
    γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.
    III. used in connection with conjunctions,
    1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.
    α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.
    β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.
    γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.
    2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.
    IV. as a relat. conj.:
    1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.
    2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.
    V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.
    4.
    and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.
    5.
    n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.
    β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.
    6.
    the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT

  • 39 Á

    * * *
    a negative suffix to verbs, not;
    era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.
    * * *
    1.
    á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]
    With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.
    WITH DAT.
    A. Loc.
    I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.
    II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.
    2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).
    3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.
    4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.
    III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).
    B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:
    I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.
    II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.
    III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.
    IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.
    C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:
    I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.
    2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.
    3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.
    II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.
    III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.
    IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’
    2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.
    V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.
    VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.
    VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.
    VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.
    WITH ACC.
    A. Loc.
    I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.
    2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.
    3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.
    II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:
    1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.
    2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.
    III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.
    IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.
    V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.
    VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.
    VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.
    B. TEMP.
    I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.
    II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.
    III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.
    IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.
    V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.
    VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.
    VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.
    C. Metaph. and in various relations:
    I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.
    β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.
    II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:
    1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.
    2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.
    3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.
    β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.
    III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.
    IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:
    1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.
    2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.
    3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.
    V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.
    VI. connected with nouns,
    1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.
    2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.
    3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.
    VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.
    2.
    f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.
    COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > Á

  • 40 गन्धर्व


    gandharvá
    m. a Gandharva <though in later times the Gandharvas are regarded as a class, yet in RV. rarely more than one is mentioned;

    he is designated as the heavenly Gandharva ( divyág- RV. IX, 86, 36 and X, 139, 5),
    andﾠ is alsoﾠ called Viṡvā-vasu ( RV. X, 85, 21 and 22;139, 4 and 5) andﾠ Vāyu-keṡa (in pl. RV. III, 38, 6);
    his habitation is the sky, orﾠ the region of the air andﾠ the heavenly waters
    ( RV. I, 22, 14; VIII, 77, 5; IX, 85, 12; 86, 36; X, 10, 4 AV. II, 2, 3);
    his especial duty is to guard the heavenly Soma RV. IX, 83, 4 and 85, 12,
    which the gods obtain through his intervention RV. AV. VII, 73, 3 ; cf. RV. I, 22, 14 ;
    it is obtained for the human race by Indra, who conquers the Gandharva andﾠ takes it by force ( RV. VIII, 1, 11 and 77, 5);
    the heavenly Gandharva is supposed to be a good physician, because the Soma is considered as the best medicine;
    possibly, however, the word Soma originally denoted not the beverage so called, but the moon, andﾠ the heavenly Gandharva may have been the genius orﾠ tutelary deity of the moon;
    in one passage RV. IX, 86, 36 the heavenly Gandharva andﾠ the Soma are identified;
    he is alsoﾠ regarded as one of the genii who regulate the course of the Sun's horses
    i, 163, 2; X, 177, 2; cf. 135, 5 ;
    he knows andﾠ makes known the secrets of heaven andﾠ divine truths generally
    ( X, 139, 5 and 6 AV. II, 1, 2; XX, 128, 3 VS. XI, 1; XXXII, 9);
    he is the parent of the first pair of human beings, Yama andﾠ Yamī RV. X, 10, 4),
    andﾠ has a peculiar mystical power over women andﾠ a right to possess them RV. X, 85, 21 and 22; 40 and 41 ;
    for this reason he is invoked in marriage ceremonies AV. XIV, 2, 35 and 36 ;
    ecstatic states of mind andﾠ possession by evil spirits are supposed to be derived from the heavenly Gandharva (cf. - gṛihīta, - graha);
    the Gandharvas as a class have the same characteristic features as the one Gandharva;
    they live in the sky RV. AV. ṠBr. XIV,
    guard the Soma RV. IX, 113, 3 ṠBr. III AitBr. I, 27,
    are governed by Varuṇa (just as the Apsarasas are governed by Soma) ṠBr. XIII ĀṡvṠr. X, 7, 3,
    know the best medicines AV. VIII, 7, 23 VS. XII, 98,
    regulate the course of the asterisms ( AV. XIII, 1, 23 BhP. IV, 29, 21 ;
    hence twenty-seven are mentioned VS. IX, 7),
    follow after women andﾠ are desirous of intercourse with them (AV. ṠBr. III) ;
    as soon as a girl becomes marriageable, she belongs to Soma, the Gandharvas, andﾠ Agni Gṛihyās. II, 19 f. Pañcat. Suṡr. ;
    the wives of the Gandharvas are the Apsarasas
    (cf. gandharvâ̱psarás),
    andﾠ like them the Gandharvas are invoked in gambling with dice AV. VII, 109, 5 ;
    they are alsoﾠ feared as evil beings together with the Rākshasas, Kimīdins, Piṡācas, etc., amulets being worn as a protection against them ( AV. Suṡr.);
    they are said to have revealed the Vedas to Vāc
    ( ṠBr. III ; cf. PārGṛ. II, 12, 2),
    andﾠ are called the preceptors of the Ṛishis ṠBr. XI ;
    Purūravas is called among them ( ib.);
    in epic poetry the Gandharvas are the celestial musicians orﾠ heavenly singers (cf. RV. X, 177, 2)
    who form the orchestra at the banquets of the gods, andﾠ they belong together with the Apsarasas to Indra's heaven, sharing alsoﾠ in his battles;
    Yājñ. I, 71 MBh. Hariv. etc..; cf. RTL. p. 238 ;
    in the more systematic mythology the Gandharvas constitute one of the classes into which the higher creation is divided
    (i.e. gods, manes, Gandharvas AV. XI, 5, 2 ;
    orﾠ gods, Asuras, Gandharvas, men TS. VII, 8, 25, 2 ;
    cf. ṠBr. X ;
    orﾠ gods, men, Gandharvas, Apsarasas, Sarpas, andﾠ manes AitBr. III, 31, 5 ;
    for other enumerations cf. Nir. III, 8 Mn. I, 37 RTL. p. 237 ;
    III, 196; VII, 23; XII, 47 Nal. etc..);
    divine andﾠ human Gandharvas are distinguished
    ( TUp. II, 8 the divine orﾠ Deva-Gandharvas are enumerated MBh. I, 2550 ff. and 4810 ff.);
    another passage names 11 classes of Gandharvas (TĀr. I, 9, 3) ;
    the chief orﾠ leader of the Gandharvas is named Citra-ratha Bhag. X, 26 ;
    they are called the creatures of Prajāpati Mn. I, 37 ;
    orﾠ of Brahmā. Hariv. 11793 orﾠ of Kaṡyapa 11850 ;
    orﾠ of the Munis MBh. I, 2550 Hariv. 11553 ;
    orﾠ of Prādhā MBh. I, 2556 ;
    orﾠ of Arishṭā Hariv. 234 VP. I, 21 orﾠ of Vāc ( PadmaP.);
    with Jainas the Gandharvas constitute one of the eight classes of the Vyantaras>;
    N. of the attendant of the 17th Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī L. ;
    a singer VarBṛS. LXXXVII, 33 BhP. I, 11, 21 ;
    the Koïl orﾠ black cuckoo L. ;
    a sage, pious man Mahīdh. on VS. XXXII, 9 ;
    a horse MBh. III, 11762 ;
    cf. II, 1043 ;
    the musk deer (derived fr. gandha) L. ;
    the soul after death andﾠ previous to its being born again (corresponding in some respects to the western notion of a ghost) L. ;
    N. of the 14th Kalpa orﾠ period of the world VāyuP. I, 21, 30 ;
    of the 21st Muhūrta Sūryapr. ;
    of a Svara orﾠ tone (for gāndhāra?) Hariv. II, 120, 4 ;
    m. pl. the Gandharvas ( seeﾠ above);
    N. of a people (named together with the Gāndhāras) R. VII, 100, 10 f. and 101, 2 ff. and 11 VarBṛS. XIV, 31 ;
    (ā) f. Durgā Hariv. II, 120, 4 (v.l. gāndharvī);
    (ī́) f. Gandharvī (daughter of Surabhi andﾠ mother of the race of horses MBh. I, 2631 f. R. III, 20, 28 f. VāyuP.)
    RV. X, 11, 2 R. ;
    night BhP. IV, 29, 21 ;
    + cf. Gk. κένταυρος fr. κενθαργγος
    - गन्धर्वकन्या
    - गन्धर्वखण्ड
    - गन्धर्वगृहीत
    - गन्धर्वग्रह
    - गन्धर्वतैल
    - गन्धर्वत्व
    - गन्धर्वदत्ता
    - गन्धर्वनगर
    - गन्धर्वपत्नी
    - गन्धर्वपद
    - गन्धर्वपुर
    - गन्धर्वराज
    - गन्धर्वर्तु
    - गन्धर्वलोक
    - गन्धर्वविद्या
    - गन्धर्वविवाह
    - गन्धर्ववेद
    - गन्धर्वहस्त
    - गन्धर्वहस्तक
    - गन्धर्वाप्सरस्
    - गन्धर्वेष्ठा

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > गन्धर्व

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