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climate

  • 1 caelum

        caelum ī, n    [2 CAV-], the sky, heaven, heavens, vault of heaven: caelum terra mariaque: quod tegit omnia caelum, O.: aliquod caeli signum, sign, constellation: in caelo regere, H.: portae de caelo tactae, struck by lightning, L.: caelum terramque miscere (of violent winds), V.: de caelo demissis, i. e. of divine descent, L.: albente caelo, at break of day, Cs.: vesperascente caelo, in the evening twilight, N. — In augury: de caelo servare, to observe the signs of heaven: de caelo fieri (of celestial signs), to appear.—Provv.: quid si nunc caelum ruat? (of a vain fear), T.: delabi caelo, to drop from the sky (of sudden good-fortune): caelum ac terras miscere, to throw everything into confusion, L.: findere caelum aratro (of an impossibility), O.—In a play on the name Caelius: caeli spatium, the breadth of the sky (or of the grave of Caelius), V. — A sky, clime, zone, region: caelum, sub quo natus essem, L.: Caelum non animum mutare, H.—The air, sky, atmosphere, temperature, climate, weather: foedus annus intemperie caeli, L.: caeli spiritus iucundus: caeli morem praediscere, V.: ducere animam de caelo, the open air: Germania aspera caelo, Ta.: salubre: serenum, V.: palustre, L.: foedum imbribus, Ta.—Fig., of well-being, heaven, the height of honor, prosperity, happiness: Caesar fertur in caelum, praised to the skies: vos ad caelum efferre rumore secundo, H.: collegam de caelo detraxisti, deprived of his position: in caelo sum, i. e. very happy: caelum accepisse fatebor, O. — Of things: omnia, quae tu in caelum ferebas, extolled.
    * * *
    I
    heaven, sky, heavens; space; air, climate, weather; universe, world; Jehovah
    II
    chisel; engraving tool; burin

    Latin-English dictionary > caelum

  • 2 cael

    1.
    caelum ( cēlum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 640), i, n. [caedo], the chisel or burin of the sculptor or engraver, a graver:

    caelata vasa... a caelo vocata, quod est genus ferramenti, quem vulgo cilionem vocant,

    Isid. Orig. 20, 4, 7; Quint. 2, 21, 24; Varr. ap. Non. p. 99, 18; Stat. S. 4, 6, 26; Mart. 6, 13, 1.— Plur., Aus. Epigr. 57, 6.
    2.
    caelum ( coelum; cf. Aelius ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 18 Müll.; Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 9; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129), i, n. (old form cae-lus, i, m., Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; and ap. Charis. p. 55 P.; Petr. 39, 5 sq.; 45, 3; Arn. 1, 59; cf. the foll. I. 2.; plur. caeli, only poet., Lucr. 2, 1097, caelos, cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 331; and in eccl. writers freq. for the Heb., v. infra, cf. Caes. ap Gell. 19, 8, 3 sq., and Charis. p. 21 P., who consider the plur. in gen. as not in use, v. Rudd. I. p. 109. From Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3: unum caelum esset an innumerabilia, nothing can be positively inferred.—Form cael: divum domus altisonum cael, Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. 13, 17, or Ann. v. 561 Vahl.) [for cavilum, root in cavus; cf. Sanscr. çva-, to swell, be hollow; Gr. kuô, koilos], the sky, heaven, the heavens, the vault of heaven (in Lucr alone more than 150 times): hoc inde circum supraque, quod complexu continet terram, id quod nostri caelum memorant, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll.:

    ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum,

    Ov. M. 1, 5; cf.:

    quis pariter (potis est) caelos omnīs convortere,

    Lucr. 2, 1097:

    boat caelum fremitu virum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 78; cf. Tib. 2, 5, 73; Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 1; cf. Cat. 62, 26:

    quicquid deorum in caelo regit,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 1 et saep.:

    lapides pluere, fulmina jaci de caelo,

    Liv. 28, 27, 16.—Hence the phrase de caelo tangi, to be struck with lightning, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; Liv. 26, 23, 5 Drak.; 29, 14, 3; Verg. E. 1, 17; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Galb. 1; Tac. A. 13, 24; 14, 12;

    so also, e caelo ictus,

    Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16.—
    2.
    Personified: Caelus (Caelum, Hyg. Fab. praef.), son of Aether and Dies, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; father of Saturn, Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 63; of Vulcan, id. ib. 3, 21, 55; of Mercury and the first Venus, id. ib. 3, 23, 59, Serv ad Verg. A. 1, 297 al.—
    3.
    In the lang. of augury:

    de caelo servare,

    to observe the signs of heaven, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3; so,

    de caelo fieri, of celestial signs,

    to appear, occur, id. Div. 1, 42, 93.—
    4.
    Prov.:

    quid si nunc caelum ruat? of a vain fear,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41 Don.; cf. Varr ap. Non. p. 499, 24: delabi caelo, to drop down from the sky, of sudden or unexpected good fortune, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.. caelo missus, Tib 1, 3, 90; Liv. 10, 8, 10; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13:

    decidere de caelo,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 6 al.: caelum ac terras miscere, to confound every thing, overturn all, raise chaos, Liv 4, 3, 6; cf. Verg. A. 1, 133; 5, 790; Juv. 2, 25: findere caelum aratro, of an impossibility, Ov Tr 1, 8, 3: toto caelo errare, to err very much, be much or entirely mistaken, Macr. S. 3, 12, 10.—
    5.
    Gen. caeli in a pun with Caeli, gen. of Caelius, Serv. et Philarg. ad Verg. E. 3, 105.—
    6.
    In eccl. Lat. the plur caeli, ōrum, m., is very freq., the heavens, Tert. de Fuga, 12; id. adv. Marc. 4, 22; 5, 15; Lact. Epit. 1, 3; Cypr. Ep. 3, 3; 4, 5; Vulg. Psa. 32, 6; 21, 32; id. Isa. 1, 2.—
    II.
    Meton.
    A.
    Heaven, in a more restricted sense; the region of heaven, a climate, zone, region:

    cuicumque particulae caeli officeretur, quamvis esset procul, mutari lumina putabat,

    to whatever part of the horizon, however distant, the view was obstructed, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 45:

    hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem,

    Liv. 5, 54, 3; so Plin. 8, 54, 80, § 216; 17, 2, 2, §§ 16 and 19 sq.; Flor. 4, 12, 62:

    caelum non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 27.—
    B.
    The air, sky, atmosphere, temperature, climate, weather (very freq.):

    in hoc caelo, qui dicitur aër,

    Lucr. 4, 132; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102:

    caelum hoc, in quo nubes, imbres ventique coguntur,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43:

    pingue et concretum caelum,

    id. Div. 1, 57, 130: commoda, quae percipiuntur caeli temperatione, id. N. D. 2, 5, 13; cf.:

    caell intemperies,

    Liv. 8, 18, 1; Quint. 7, 2, 3;

    Col. prooem. 1' intemperantia,

    id. ib. 3:

    spiritus,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15:

    gravitas,

    id. Att. 11, 22, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85:

    varium caeli morem praediscere,

    Verg. G. 1, 51:

    varietas et mutatio,

    Col. 11, 2, 1:

    qualitas,

    Quint. 5, 9, 15:

    caeli solique clementia,

    Flor. 3, 3, 13:

    subita mutatio,

    id. 4, 10, 9 al. —With adj.:

    bonum,

    Cato, R. R. 1, 2:

    tenue,

    Cic. Fat. 4, 7:

    salubre,

    id. Div. 1, 57, 130:

    serenum,

    Verg. G. 1, 260:

    palustre,

    Liv. 22, 2, 11:

    austerum,

    Plin. 18, 12, 31, § 123:

    foedum imbribus ac nebulis,

    Tac. Agr. 12:

    atrox,

    Flor. 3, 2, 2 et saep.:

    hibernum,

    Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:

    austrinum,

    id. 16, 26, 46, § 109:

    Italum,

    Hor. C. 2, 7, 4:

    Sabinum,

    id. Ep. 1, 7, 77; cf.:

    quae sit hiems Veliae, quod caelum Salerni,

    id. ib. 1, 15, 1. —
    C.
    Daytime, day (very rare): albente caelo, at break of day, Sisenn. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 35; Caes. B. C. 1, 68; Auct. B. Afr. 11; 80; cf.:

    eodem die albescente caelo,

    Dig. 28, 2, 25, § 1:

    vesperascente caelo,

    in the evening twilight, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5.—
    D.
    Height:

    mons in caelum attollitur,

    toward heaven, heavenwards, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 6; cf.

    Verg.: aequata machina caelo,

    Verg. A. 4, 89.—So of the earth or upper world in opposition to the lower world:

    falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes,

    Verg. A. 6, 896.—
    E.
    Heaven, the abode of the happy dead, etc. (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Apoc. 4, 2; 11, 15 et saep.; cf.:

    cum (animus) exierit et in liberum caelum quasi domum suam venerit,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51:

    ut non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videretur escendere,

    id. ib. 1, 29, 71.—
    F.
    Trop, the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor, etc.:

    Caesar in caelum fertur,

    Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6; cf. id. Att. 14, 18, 1; 6, 2, 9:

    Pisonem ferebat in caelum,

    praised, id. ib. 16, 7, 5:

    te summis laudibus ad caelum extulerunt,

    id. Fam. 9, 14, 1; 12, 25, 7; Hor. Ep 1, 10, 9; Tac. Or. 19.—Of things:

    omnia, quae etiam tu in caelum ferebas,

    extolled, Cic. Att. 7, 1, 5:

    caelo tenus extollere aliquid,

    Just. 12, 6, 2:

    in caelo ponere aliquem,

    id.,4,14; and: exaequare aliquem caelo, Lucr 1, 79; Flor. 2, 19, 3:

    Catonem caelo aequavit,

    Tac. A. 4, 34:

    caelo Musa beat,

    Hor. C. 4, 8, 29; cf.:

    recludere caelum,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 22;

    the opp.: collegam de caelo detraxisti,

    deprived of his exalted honor, Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 107: in caelo sum, I am in heaven, i. e. am very happy, id. Att. 2, 9, 1:

    digito caelum attingere,

    to be extremely fortunate, id. ib. 2, 1, 7:

    caelum accepisse fatebor,

    Ov. M. 14, 844:

    tunc tangam vertice caelum,

    Aus. Idyll. 8 fin.; cf.:

    caelum merere,

    Sen. Suas. 1 init. —
    G.
    In gen., a vault, arch, covering:

    caelum camerarum,

    the interior surface of a vault, Vitr. 7, 3, 3; Flor. 3, 5, 30 dub.:

    capitis,

    Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cael

  • 3 caeli

    1.
    caelum ( cēlum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 640), i, n. [caedo], the chisel or burin of the sculptor or engraver, a graver:

    caelata vasa... a caelo vocata, quod est genus ferramenti, quem vulgo cilionem vocant,

    Isid. Orig. 20, 4, 7; Quint. 2, 21, 24; Varr. ap. Non. p. 99, 18; Stat. S. 4, 6, 26; Mart. 6, 13, 1.— Plur., Aus. Epigr. 57, 6.
    2.
    caelum ( coelum; cf. Aelius ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 18 Müll.; Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 9; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129), i, n. (old form cae-lus, i, m., Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; and ap. Charis. p. 55 P.; Petr. 39, 5 sq.; 45, 3; Arn. 1, 59; cf. the foll. I. 2.; plur. caeli, only poet., Lucr. 2, 1097, caelos, cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 331; and in eccl. writers freq. for the Heb., v. infra, cf. Caes. ap Gell. 19, 8, 3 sq., and Charis. p. 21 P., who consider the plur. in gen. as not in use, v. Rudd. I. p. 109. From Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3: unum caelum esset an innumerabilia, nothing can be positively inferred.—Form cael: divum domus altisonum cael, Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. 13, 17, or Ann. v. 561 Vahl.) [for cavilum, root in cavus; cf. Sanscr. çva-, to swell, be hollow; Gr. kuô, koilos], the sky, heaven, the heavens, the vault of heaven (in Lucr alone more than 150 times): hoc inde circum supraque, quod complexu continet terram, id quod nostri caelum memorant, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll.:

    ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum,

    Ov. M. 1, 5; cf.:

    quis pariter (potis est) caelos omnīs convortere,

    Lucr. 2, 1097:

    boat caelum fremitu virum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 78; cf. Tib. 2, 5, 73; Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 1; cf. Cat. 62, 26:

    quicquid deorum in caelo regit,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 1 et saep.:

    lapides pluere, fulmina jaci de caelo,

    Liv. 28, 27, 16.—Hence the phrase de caelo tangi, to be struck with lightning, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; Liv. 26, 23, 5 Drak.; 29, 14, 3; Verg. E. 1, 17; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Galb. 1; Tac. A. 13, 24; 14, 12;

    so also, e caelo ictus,

    Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16.—
    2.
    Personified: Caelus (Caelum, Hyg. Fab. praef.), son of Aether and Dies, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; father of Saturn, Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 63; of Vulcan, id. ib. 3, 21, 55; of Mercury and the first Venus, id. ib. 3, 23, 59, Serv ad Verg. A. 1, 297 al.—
    3.
    In the lang. of augury:

    de caelo servare,

    to observe the signs of heaven, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3; so,

    de caelo fieri, of celestial signs,

    to appear, occur, id. Div. 1, 42, 93.—
    4.
    Prov.:

    quid si nunc caelum ruat? of a vain fear,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41 Don.; cf. Varr ap. Non. p. 499, 24: delabi caelo, to drop down from the sky, of sudden or unexpected good fortune, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.. caelo missus, Tib 1, 3, 90; Liv. 10, 8, 10; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13:

    decidere de caelo,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 6 al.: caelum ac terras miscere, to confound every thing, overturn all, raise chaos, Liv 4, 3, 6; cf. Verg. A. 1, 133; 5, 790; Juv. 2, 25: findere caelum aratro, of an impossibility, Ov Tr 1, 8, 3: toto caelo errare, to err very much, be much or entirely mistaken, Macr. S. 3, 12, 10.—
    5.
    Gen. caeli in a pun with Caeli, gen. of Caelius, Serv. et Philarg. ad Verg. E. 3, 105.—
    6.
    In eccl. Lat. the plur caeli, ōrum, m., is very freq., the heavens, Tert. de Fuga, 12; id. adv. Marc. 4, 22; 5, 15; Lact. Epit. 1, 3; Cypr. Ep. 3, 3; 4, 5; Vulg. Psa. 32, 6; 21, 32; id. Isa. 1, 2.—
    II.
    Meton.
    A.
    Heaven, in a more restricted sense; the region of heaven, a climate, zone, region:

    cuicumque particulae caeli officeretur, quamvis esset procul, mutari lumina putabat,

    to whatever part of the horizon, however distant, the view was obstructed, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 45:

    hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem,

    Liv. 5, 54, 3; so Plin. 8, 54, 80, § 216; 17, 2, 2, §§ 16 and 19 sq.; Flor. 4, 12, 62:

    caelum non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 27.—
    B.
    The air, sky, atmosphere, temperature, climate, weather (very freq.):

    in hoc caelo, qui dicitur aër,

    Lucr. 4, 132; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102:

    caelum hoc, in quo nubes, imbres ventique coguntur,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43:

    pingue et concretum caelum,

    id. Div. 1, 57, 130: commoda, quae percipiuntur caeli temperatione, id. N. D. 2, 5, 13; cf.:

    caell intemperies,

    Liv. 8, 18, 1; Quint. 7, 2, 3;

    Col. prooem. 1' intemperantia,

    id. ib. 3:

    spiritus,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15:

    gravitas,

    id. Att. 11, 22, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85:

    varium caeli morem praediscere,

    Verg. G. 1, 51:

    varietas et mutatio,

    Col. 11, 2, 1:

    qualitas,

    Quint. 5, 9, 15:

    caeli solique clementia,

    Flor. 3, 3, 13:

    subita mutatio,

    id. 4, 10, 9 al. —With adj.:

    bonum,

    Cato, R. R. 1, 2:

    tenue,

    Cic. Fat. 4, 7:

    salubre,

    id. Div. 1, 57, 130:

    serenum,

    Verg. G. 1, 260:

    palustre,

    Liv. 22, 2, 11:

    austerum,

    Plin. 18, 12, 31, § 123:

    foedum imbribus ac nebulis,

    Tac. Agr. 12:

    atrox,

    Flor. 3, 2, 2 et saep.:

    hibernum,

    Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:

    austrinum,

    id. 16, 26, 46, § 109:

    Italum,

    Hor. C. 2, 7, 4:

    Sabinum,

    id. Ep. 1, 7, 77; cf.:

    quae sit hiems Veliae, quod caelum Salerni,

    id. ib. 1, 15, 1. —
    C.
    Daytime, day (very rare): albente caelo, at break of day, Sisenn. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 35; Caes. B. C. 1, 68; Auct. B. Afr. 11; 80; cf.:

    eodem die albescente caelo,

    Dig. 28, 2, 25, § 1:

    vesperascente caelo,

    in the evening twilight, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5.—
    D.
    Height:

    mons in caelum attollitur,

    toward heaven, heavenwards, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 6; cf.

    Verg.: aequata machina caelo,

    Verg. A. 4, 89.—So of the earth or upper world in opposition to the lower world:

    falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes,

    Verg. A. 6, 896.—
    E.
    Heaven, the abode of the happy dead, etc. (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Apoc. 4, 2; 11, 15 et saep.; cf.:

    cum (animus) exierit et in liberum caelum quasi domum suam venerit,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51:

    ut non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videretur escendere,

    id. ib. 1, 29, 71.—
    F.
    Trop, the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor, etc.:

    Caesar in caelum fertur,

    Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6; cf. id. Att. 14, 18, 1; 6, 2, 9:

    Pisonem ferebat in caelum,

    praised, id. ib. 16, 7, 5:

    te summis laudibus ad caelum extulerunt,

    id. Fam. 9, 14, 1; 12, 25, 7; Hor. Ep 1, 10, 9; Tac. Or. 19.—Of things:

    omnia, quae etiam tu in caelum ferebas,

    extolled, Cic. Att. 7, 1, 5:

    caelo tenus extollere aliquid,

    Just. 12, 6, 2:

    in caelo ponere aliquem,

    id.,4,14; and: exaequare aliquem caelo, Lucr 1, 79; Flor. 2, 19, 3:

    Catonem caelo aequavit,

    Tac. A. 4, 34:

    caelo Musa beat,

    Hor. C. 4, 8, 29; cf.:

    recludere caelum,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 22;

    the opp.: collegam de caelo detraxisti,

    deprived of his exalted honor, Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 107: in caelo sum, I am in heaven, i. e. am very happy, id. Att. 2, 9, 1:

    digito caelum attingere,

    to be extremely fortunate, id. ib. 2, 1, 7:

    caelum accepisse fatebor,

    Ov. M. 14, 844:

    tunc tangam vertice caelum,

    Aus. Idyll. 8 fin.; cf.:

    caelum merere,

    Sen. Suas. 1 init. —
    G.
    In gen., a vault, arch, covering:

    caelum camerarum,

    the interior surface of a vault, Vitr. 7, 3, 3; Flor. 3, 5, 30 dub.:

    capitis,

    Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caeli

  • 4 caelum

    1.
    caelum ( cēlum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 640), i, n. [caedo], the chisel or burin of the sculptor or engraver, a graver:

    caelata vasa... a caelo vocata, quod est genus ferramenti, quem vulgo cilionem vocant,

    Isid. Orig. 20, 4, 7; Quint. 2, 21, 24; Varr. ap. Non. p. 99, 18; Stat. S. 4, 6, 26; Mart. 6, 13, 1.— Plur., Aus. Epigr. 57, 6.
    2.
    caelum ( coelum; cf. Aelius ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 18 Müll.; Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 9; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129), i, n. (old form cae-lus, i, m., Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; and ap. Charis. p. 55 P.; Petr. 39, 5 sq.; 45, 3; Arn. 1, 59; cf. the foll. I. 2.; plur. caeli, only poet., Lucr. 2, 1097, caelos, cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 331; and in eccl. writers freq. for the Heb., v. infra, cf. Caes. ap Gell. 19, 8, 3 sq., and Charis. p. 21 P., who consider the plur. in gen. as not in use, v. Rudd. I. p. 109. From Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3: unum caelum esset an innumerabilia, nothing can be positively inferred.—Form cael: divum domus altisonum cael, Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. 13, 17, or Ann. v. 561 Vahl.) [for cavilum, root in cavus; cf. Sanscr. çva-, to swell, be hollow; Gr. kuô, koilos], the sky, heaven, the heavens, the vault of heaven (in Lucr alone more than 150 times): hoc inde circum supraque, quod complexu continet terram, id quod nostri caelum memorant, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll.:

    ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum,

    Ov. M. 1, 5; cf.:

    quis pariter (potis est) caelos omnīs convortere,

    Lucr. 2, 1097:

    boat caelum fremitu virum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 78; cf. Tib. 2, 5, 73; Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 1; cf. Cat. 62, 26:

    quicquid deorum in caelo regit,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 1 et saep.:

    lapides pluere, fulmina jaci de caelo,

    Liv. 28, 27, 16.—Hence the phrase de caelo tangi, to be struck with lightning, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; Liv. 26, 23, 5 Drak.; 29, 14, 3; Verg. E. 1, 17; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Galb. 1; Tac. A. 13, 24; 14, 12;

    so also, e caelo ictus,

    Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16.—
    2.
    Personified: Caelus (Caelum, Hyg. Fab. praef.), son of Aether and Dies, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; father of Saturn, Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 63; of Vulcan, id. ib. 3, 21, 55; of Mercury and the first Venus, id. ib. 3, 23, 59, Serv ad Verg. A. 1, 297 al.—
    3.
    In the lang. of augury:

    de caelo servare,

    to observe the signs of heaven, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3; so,

    de caelo fieri, of celestial signs,

    to appear, occur, id. Div. 1, 42, 93.—
    4.
    Prov.:

    quid si nunc caelum ruat? of a vain fear,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41 Don.; cf. Varr ap. Non. p. 499, 24: delabi caelo, to drop down from the sky, of sudden or unexpected good fortune, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.. caelo missus, Tib 1, 3, 90; Liv. 10, 8, 10; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13:

    decidere de caelo,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 6 al.: caelum ac terras miscere, to confound every thing, overturn all, raise chaos, Liv 4, 3, 6; cf. Verg. A. 1, 133; 5, 790; Juv. 2, 25: findere caelum aratro, of an impossibility, Ov Tr 1, 8, 3: toto caelo errare, to err very much, be much or entirely mistaken, Macr. S. 3, 12, 10.—
    5.
    Gen. caeli in a pun with Caeli, gen. of Caelius, Serv. et Philarg. ad Verg. E. 3, 105.—
    6.
    In eccl. Lat. the plur caeli, ōrum, m., is very freq., the heavens, Tert. de Fuga, 12; id. adv. Marc. 4, 22; 5, 15; Lact. Epit. 1, 3; Cypr. Ep. 3, 3; 4, 5; Vulg. Psa. 32, 6; 21, 32; id. Isa. 1, 2.—
    II.
    Meton.
    A.
    Heaven, in a more restricted sense; the region of heaven, a climate, zone, region:

    cuicumque particulae caeli officeretur, quamvis esset procul, mutari lumina putabat,

    to whatever part of the horizon, however distant, the view was obstructed, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 45:

    hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem,

    Liv. 5, 54, 3; so Plin. 8, 54, 80, § 216; 17, 2, 2, §§ 16 and 19 sq.; Flor. 4, 12, 62:

    caelum non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 27.—
    B.
    The air, sky, atmosphere, temperature, climate, weather (very freq.):

    in hoc caelo, qui dicitur aër,

    Lucr. 4, 132; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102:

    caelum hoc, in quo nubes, imbres ventique coguntur,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43:

    pingue et concretum caelum,

    id. Div. 1, 57, 130: commoda, quae percipiuntur caeli temperatione, id. N. D. 2, 5, 13; cf.:

    caell intemperies,

    Liv. 8, 18, 1; Quint. 7, 2, 3;

    Col. prooem. 1' intemperantia,

    id. ib. 3:

    spiritus,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15:

    gravitas,

    id. Att. 11, 22, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85:

    varium caeli morem praediscere,

    Verg. G. 1, 51:

    varietas et mutatio,

    Col. 11, 2, 1:

    qualitas,

    Quint. 5, 9, 15:

    caeli solique clementia,

    Flor. 3, 3, 13:

    subita mutatio,

    id. 4, 10, 9 al. —With adj.:

    bonum,

    Cato, R. R. 1, 2:

    tenue,

    Cic. Fat. 4, 7:

    salubre,

    id. Div. 1, 57, 130:

    serenum,

    Verg. G. 1, 260:

    palustre,

    Liv. 22, 2, 11:

    austerum,

    Plin. 18, 12, 31, § 123:

    foedum imbribus ac nebulis,

    Tac. Agr. 12:

    atrox,

    Flor. 3, 2, 2 et saep.:

    hibernum,

    Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:

    austrinum,

    id. 16, 26, 46, § 109:

    Italum,

    Hor. C. 2, 7, 4:

    Sabinum,

    id. Ep. 1, 7, 77; cf.:

    quae sit hiems Veliae, quod caelum Salerni,

    id. ib. 1, 15, 1. —
    C.
    Daytime, day (very rare): albente caelo, at break of day, Sisenn. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 35; Caes. B. C. 1, 68; Auct. B. Afr. 11; 80; cf.:

    eodem die albescente caelo,

    Dig. 28, 2, 25, § 1:

    vesperascente caelo,

    in the evening twilight, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5.—
    D.
    Height:

    mons in caelum attollitur,

    toward heaven, heavenwards, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 6; cf.

    Verg.: aequata machina caelo,

    Verg. A. 4, 89.—So of the earth or upper world in opposition to the lower world:

    falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes,

    Verg. A. 6, 896.—
    E.
    Heaven, the abode of the happy dead, etc. (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Apoc. 4, 2; 11, 15 et saep.; cf.:

    cum (animus) exierit et in liberum caelum quasi domum suam venerit,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51:

    ut non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videretur escendere,

    id. ib. 1, 29, 71.—
    F.
    Trop, the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor, etc.:

    Caesar in caelum fertur,

    Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6; cf. id. Att. 14, 18, 1; 6, 2, 9:

    Pisonem ferebat in caelum,

    praised, id. ib. 16, 7, 5:

    te summis laudibus ad caelum extulerunt,

    id. Fam. 9, 14, 1; 12, 25, 7; Hor. Ep 1, 10, 9; Tac. Or. 19.—Of things:

    omnia, quae etiam tu in caelum ferebas,

    extolled, Cic. Att. 7, 1, 5:

    caelo tenus extollere aliquid,

    Just. 12, 6, 2:

    in caelo ponere aliquem,

    id.,4,14; and: exaequare aliquem caelo, Lucr 1, 79; Flor. 2, 19, 3:

    Catonem caelo aequavit,

    Tac. A. 4, 34:

    caelo Musa beat,

    Hor. C. 4, 8, 29; cf.:

    recludere caelum,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 22;

    the opp.: collegam de caelo detraxisti,

    deprived of his exalted honor, Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 107: in caelo sum, I am in heaven, i. e. am very happy, id. Att. 2, 9, 1:

    digito caelum attingere,

    to be extremely fortunate, id. ib. 2, 1, 7:

    caelum accepisse fatebor,

    Ov. M. 14, 844:

    tunc tangam vertice caelum,

    Aus. Idyll. 8 fin.; cf.:

    caelum merere,

    Sen. Suas. 1 init. —
    G.
    In gen., a vault, arch, covering:

    caelum camerarum,

    the interior surface of a vault, Vitr. 7, 3, 3; Flor. 3, 5, 30 dub.:

    capitis,

    Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caelum

  • 5 celum

    1.
    caelum ( cēlum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 640), i, n. [caedo], the chisel or burin of the sculptor or engraver, a graver:

    caelata vasa... a caelo vocata, quod est genus ferramenti, quem vulgo cilionem vocant,

    Isid. Orig. 20, 4, 7; Quint. 2, 21, 24; Varr. ap. Non. p. 99, 18; Stat. S. 4, 6, 26; Mart. 6, 13, 1.— Plur., Aus. Epigr. 57, 6.
    2.
    caelum ( coelum; cf. Aelius ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 18 Müll.; Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 9; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129), i, n. (old form cae-lus, i, m., Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; and ap. Charis. p. 55 P.; Petr. 39, 5 sq.; 45, 3; Arn. 1, 59; cf. the foll. I. 2.; plur. caeli, only poet., Lucr. 2, 1097, caelos, cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 331; and in eccl. writers freq. for the Heb., v. infra, cf. Caes. ap Gell. 19, 8, 3 sq., and Charis. p. 21 P., who consider the plur. in gen. as not in use, v. Rudd. I. p. 109. From Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3: unum caelum esset an innumerabilia, nothing can be positively inferred.—Form cael: divum domus altisonum cael, Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. 13, 17, or Ann. v. 561 Vahl.) [for cavilum, root in cavus; cf. Sanscr. çva-, to swell, be hollow; Gr. kuô, koilos], the sky, heaven, the heavens, the vault of heaven (in Lucr alone more than 150 times): hoc inde circum supraque, quod complexu continet terram, id quod nostri caelum memorant, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll.:

    ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum,

    Ov. M. 1, 5; cf.:

    quis pariter (potis est) caelos omnīs convortere,

    Lucr. 2, 1097:

    boat caelum fremitu virum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 78; cf. Tib. 2, 5, 73; Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 1; cf. Cat. 62, 26:

    quicquid deorum in caelo regit,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 1 et saep.:

    lapides pluere, fulmina jaci de caelo,

    Liv. 28, 27, 16.—Hence the phrase de caelo tangi, to be struck with lightning, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; Liv. 26, 23, 5 Drak.; 29, 14, 3; Verg. E. 1, 17; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Galb. 1; Tac. A. 13, 24; 14, 12;

    so also, e caelo ictus,

    Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16.—
    2.
    Personified: Caelus (Caelum, Hyg. Fab. praef.), son of Aether and Dies, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; father of Saturn, Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 63; of Vulcan, id. ib. 3, 21, 55; of Mercury and the first Venus, id. ib. 3, 23, 59, Serv ad Verg. A. 1, 297 al.—
    3.
    In the lang. of augury:

    de caelo servare,

    to observe the signs of heaven, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3; so,

    de caelo fieri, of celestial signs,

    to appear, occur, id. Div. 1, 42, 93.—
    4.
    Prov.:

    quid si nunc caelum ruat? of a vain fear,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41 Don.; cf. Varr ap. Non. p. 499, 24: delabi caelo, to drop down from the sky, of sudden or unexpected good fortune, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.. caelo missus, Tib 1, 3, 90; Liv. 10, 8, 10; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13:

    decidere de caelo,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 6 al.: caelum ac terras miscere, to confound every thing, overturn all, raise chaos, Liv 4, 3, 6; cf. Verg. A. 1, 133; 5, 790; Juv. 2, 25: findere caelum aratro, of an impossibility, Ov Tr 1, 8, 3: toto caelo errare, to err very much, be much or entirely mistaken, Macr. S. 3, 12, 10.—
    5.
    Gen. caeli in a pun with Caeli, gen. of Caelius, Serv. et Philarg. ad Verg. E. 3, 105.—
    6.
    In eccl. Lat. the plur caeli, ōrum, m., is very freq., the heavens, Tert. de Fuga, 12; id. adv. Marc. 4, 22; 5, 15; Lact. Epit. 1, 3; Cypr. Ep. 3, 3; 4, 5; Vulg. Psa. 32, 6; 21, 32; id. Isa. 1, 2.—
    II.
    Meton.
    A.
    Heaven, in a more restricted sense; the region of heaven, a climate, zone, region:

    cuicumque particulae caeli officeretur, quamvis esset procul, mutari lumina putabat,

    to whatever part of the horizon, however distant, the view was obstructed, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 45:

    hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem,

    Liv. 5, 54, 3; so Plin. 8, 54, 80, § 216; 17, 2, 2, §§ 16 and 19 sq.; Flor. 4, 12, 62:

    caelum non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 27.—
    B.
    The air, sky, atmosphere, temperature, climate, weather (very freq.):

    in hoc caelo, qui dicitur aër,

    Lucr. 4, 132; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102:

    caelum hoc, in quo nubes, imbres ventique coguntur,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43:

    pingue et concretum caelum,

    id. Div. 1, 57, 130: commoda, quae percipiuntur caeli temperatione, id. N. D. 2, 5, 13; cf.:

    caell intemperies,

    Liv. 8, 18, 1; Quint. 7, 2, 3;

    Col. prooem. 1' intemperantia,

    id. ib. 3:

    spiritus,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15:

    gravitas,

    id. Att. 11, 22, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85:

    varium caeli morem praediscere,

    Verg. G. 1, 51:

    varietas et mutatio,

    Col. 11, 2, 1:

    qualitas,

    Quint. 5, 9, 15:

    caeli solique clementia,

    Flor. 3, 3, 13:

    subita mutatio,

    id. 4, 10, 9 al. —With adj.:

    bonum,

    Cato, R. R. 1, 2:

    tenue,

    Cic. Fat. 4, 7:

    salubre,

    id. Div. 1, 57, 130:

    serenum,

    Verg. G. 1, 260:

    palustre,

    Liv. 22, 2, 11:

    austerum,

    Plin. 18, 12, 31, § 123:

    foedum imbribus ac nebulis,

    Tac. Agr. 12:

    atrox,

    Flor. 3, 2, 2 et saep.:

    hibernum,

    Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:

    austrinum,

    id. 16, 26, 46, § 109:

    Italum,

    Hor. C. 2, 7, 4:

    Sabinum,

    id. Ep. 1, 7, 77; cf.:

    quae sit hiems Veliae, quod caelum Salerni,

    id. ib. 1, 15, 1. —
    C.
    Daytime, day (very rare): albente caelo, at break of day, Sisenn. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 35; Caes. B. C. 1, 68; Auct. B. Afr. 11; 80; cf.:

    eodem die albescente caelo,

    Dig. 28, 2, 25, § 1:

    vesperascente caelo,

    in the evening twilight, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5.—
    D.
    Height:

    mons in caelum attollitur,

    toward heaven, heavenwards, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 6; cf.

    Verg.: aequata machina caelo,

    Verg. A. 4, 89.—So of the earth or upper world in opposition to the lower world:

    falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes,

    Verg. A. 6, 896.—
    E.
    Heaven, the abode of the happy dead, etc. (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Apoc. 4, 2; 11, 15 et saep.; cf.:

    cum (animus) exierit et in liberum caelum quasi domum suam venerit,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51:

    ut non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videretur escendere,

    id. ib. 1, 29, 71.—
    F.
    Trop, the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor, etc.:

    Caesar in caelum fertur,

    Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6; cf. id. Att. 14, 18, 1; 6, 2, 9:

    Pisonem ferebat in caelum,

    praised, id. ib. 16, 7, 5:

    te summis laudibus ad caelum extulerunt,

    id. Fam. 9, 14, 1; 12, 25, 7; Hor. Ep 1, 10, 9; Tac. Or. 19.—Of things:

    omnia, quae etiam tu in caelum ferebas,

    extolled, Cic. Att. 7, 1, 5:

    caelo tenus extollere aliquid,

    Just. 12, 6, 2:

    in caelo ponere aliquem,

    id.,4,14; and: exaequare aliquem caelo, Lucr 1, 79; Flor. 2, 19, 3:

    Catonem caelo aequavit,

    Tac. A. 4, 34:

    caelo Musa beat,

    Hor. C. 4, 8, 29; cf.:

    recludere caelum,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 22;

    the opp.: collegam de caelo detraxisti,

    deprived of his exalted honor, Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 107: in caelo sum, I am in heaven, i. e. am very happy, id. Att. 2, 9, 1:

    digito caelum attingere,

    to be extremely fortunate, id. ib. 2, 1, 7:

    caelum accepisse fatebor,

    Ov. M. 14, 844:

    tunc tangam vertice caelum,

    Aus. Idyll. 8 fin.; cf.:

    caelum merere,

    Sen. Suas. 1 init. —
    G.
    In gen., a vault, arch, covering:

    caelum camerarum,

    the interior surface of a vault, Vitr. 7, 3, 3; Flor. 3, 5, 30 dub.:

    capitis,

    Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > celum

  • 6 coelum

    1.
    caelum ( cēlum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 640), i, n. [caedo], the chisel or burin of the sculptor or engraver, a graver:

    caelata vasa... a caelo vocata, quod est genus ferramenti, quem vulgo cilionem vocant,

    Isid. Orig. 20, 4, 7; Quint. 2, 21, 24; Varr. ap. Non. p. 99, 18; Stat. S. 4, 6, 26; Mart. 6, 13, 1.— Plur., Aus. Epigr. 57, 6.
    2.
    caelum ( coelum; cf. Aelius ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 18 Müll.; Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 9; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129), i, n. (old form cae-lus, i, m., Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; and ap. Charis. p. 55 P.; Petr. 39, 5 sq.; 45, 3; Arn. 1, 59; cf. the foll. I. 2.; plur. caeli, only poet., Lucr. 2, 1097, caelos, cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 331; and in eccl. writers freq. for the Heb., v. infra, cf. Caes. ap Gell. 19, 8, 3 sq., and Charis. p. 21 P., who consider the plur. in gen. as not in use, v. Rudd. I. p. 109. From Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3: unum caelum esset an innumerabilia, nothing can be positively inferred.—Form cael: divum domus altisonum cael, Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. 13, 17, or Ann. v. 561 Vahl.) [for cavilum, root in cavus; cf. Sanscr. çva-, to swell, be hollow; Gr. kuô, koilos], the sky, heaven, the heavens, the vault of heaven (in Lucr alone more than 150 times): hoc inde circum supraque, quod complexu continet terram, id quod nostri caelum memorant, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll.:

    ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum,

    Ov. M. 1, 5; cf.:

    quis pariter (potis est) caelos omnīs convortere,

    Lucr. 2, 1097:

    boat caelum fremitu virum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 78; cf. Tib. 2, 5, 73; Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 1; cf. Cat. 62, 26:

    quicquid deorum in caelo regit,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 1 et saep.:

    lapides pluere, fulmina jaci de caelo,

    Liv. 28, 27, 16.—Hence the phrase de caelo tangi, to be struck with lightning, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; Liv. 26, 23, 5 Drak.; 29, 14, 3; Verg. E. 1, 17; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Galb. 1; Tac. A. 13, 24; 14, 12;

    so also, e caelo ictus,

    Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16.—
    2.
    Personified: Caelus (Caelum, Hyg. Fab. praef.), son of Aether and Dies, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; father of Saturn, Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 63; of Vulcan, id. ib. 3, 21, 55; of Mercury and the first Venus, id. ib. 3, 23, 59, Serv ad Verg. A. 1, 297 al.—
    3.
    In the lang. of augury:

    de caelo servare,

    to observe the signs of heaven, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3; so,

    de caelo fieri, of celestial signs,

    to appear, occur, id. Div. 1, 42, 93.—
    4.
    Prov.:

    quid si nunc caelum ruat? of a vain fear,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41 Don.; cf. Varr ap. Non. p. 499, 24: delabi caelo, to drop down from the sky, of sudden or unexpected good fortune, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.. caelo missus, Tib 1, 3, 90; Liv. 10, 8, 10; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13:

    decidere de caelo,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 6 al.: caelum ac terras miscere, to confound every thing, overturn all, raise chaos, Liv 4, 3, 6; cf. Verg. A. 1, 133; 5, 790; Juv. 2, 25: findere caelum aratro, of an impossibility, Ov Tr 1, 8, 3: toto caelo errare, to err very much, be much or entirely mistaken, Macr. S. 3, 12, 10.—
    5.
    Gen. caeli in a pun with Caeli, gen. of Caelius, Serv. et Philarg. ad Verg. E. 3, 105.—
    6.
    In eccl. Lat. the plur caeli, ōrum, m., is very freq., the heavens, Tert. de Fuga, 12; id. adv. Marc. 4, 22; 5, 15; Lact. Epit. 1, 3; Cypr. Ep. 3, 3; 4, 5; Vulg. Psa. 32, 6; 21, 32; id. Isa. 1, 2.—
    II.
    Meton.
    A.
    Heaven, in a more restricted sense; the region of heaven, a climate, zone, region:

    cuicumque particulae caeli officeretur, quamvis esset procul, mutari lumina putabat,

    to whatever part of the horizon, however distant, the view was obstructed, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 45:

    hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem,

    Liv. 5, 54, 3; so Plin. 8, 54, 80, § 216; 17, 2, 2, §§ 16 and 19 sq.; Flor. 4, 12, 62:

    caelum non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 27.—
    B.
    The air, sky, atmosphere, temperature, climate, weather (very freq.):

    in hoc caelo, qui dicitur aër,

    Lucr. 4, 132; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102:

    caelum hoc, in quo nubes, imbres ventique coguntur,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43:

    pingue et concretum caelum,

    id. Div. 1, 57, 130: commoda, quae percipiuntur caeli temperatione, id. N. D. 2, 5, 13; cf.:

    caell intemperies,

    Liv. 8, 18, 1; Quint. 7, 2, 3;

    Col. prooem. 1' intemperantia,

    id. ib. 3:

    spiritus,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15:

    gravitas,

    id. Att. 11, 22, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85:

    varium caeli morem praediscere,

    Verg. G. 1, 51:

    varietas et mutatio,

    Col. 11, 2, 1:

    qualitas,

    Quint. 5, 9, 15:

    caeli solique clementia,

    Flor. 3, 3, 13:

    subita mutatio,

    id. 4, 10, 9 al. —With adj.:

    bonum,

    Cato, R. R. 1, 2:

    tenue,

    Cic. Fat. 4, 7:

    salubre,

    id. Div. 1, 57, 130:

    serenum,

    Verg. G. 1, 260:

    palustre,

    Liv. 22, 2, 11:

    austerum,

    Plin. 18, 12, 31, § 123:

    foedum imbribus ac nebulis,

    Tac. Agr. 12:

    atrox,

    Flor. 3, 2, 2 et saep.:

    hibernum,

    Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:

    austrinum,

    id. 16, 26, 46, § 109:

    Italum,

    Hor. C. 2, 7, 4:

    Sabinum,

    id. Ep. 1, 7, 77; cf.:

    quae sit hiems Veliae, quod caelum Salerni,

    id. ib. 1, 15, 1. —
    C.
    Daytime, day (very rare): albente caelo, at break of day, Sisenn. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 35; Caes. B. C. 1, 68; Auct. B. Afr. 11; 80; cf.:

    eodem die albescente caelo,

    Dig. 28, 2, 25, § 1:

    vesperascente caelo,

    in the evening twilight, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5.—
    D.
    Height:

    mons in caelum attollitur,

    toward heaven, heavenwards, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 6; cf.

    Verg.: aequata machina caelo,

    Verg. A. 4, 89.—So of the earth or upper world in opposition to the lower world:

    falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes,

    Verg. A. 6, 896.—
    E.
    Heaven, the abode of the happy dead, etc. (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Apoc. 4, 2; 11, 15 et saep.; cf.:

    cum (animus) exierit et in liberum caelum quasi domum suam venerit,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51:

    ut non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videretur escendere,

    id. ib. 1, 29, 71.—
    F.
    Trop, the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor, etc.:

    Caesar in caelum fertur,

    Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6; cf. id. Att. 14, 18, 1; 6, 2, 9:

    Pisonem ferebat in caelum,

    praised, id. ib. 16, 7, 5:

    te summis laudibus ad caelum extulerunt,

    id. Fam. 9, 14, 1; 12, 25, 7; Hor. Ep 1, 10, 9; Tac. Or. 19.—Of things:

    omnia, quae etiam tu in caelum ferebas,

    extolled, Cic. Att. 7, 1, 5:

    caelo tenus extollere aliquid,

    Just. 12, 6, 2:

    in caelo ponere aliquem,

    id.,4,14; and: exaequare aliquem caelo, Lucr 1, 79; Flor. 2, 19, 3:

    Catonem caelo aequavit,

    Tac. A. 4, 34:

    caelo Musa beat,

    Hor. C. 4, 8, 29; cf.:

    recludere caelum,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 22;

    the opp.: collegam de caelo detraxisti,

    deprived of his exalted honor, Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 107: in caelo sum, I am in heaven, i. e. am very happy, id. Att. 2, 9, 1:

    digito caelum attingere,

    to be extremely fortunate, id. ib. 2, 1, 7:

    caelum accepisse fatebor,

    Ov. M. 14, 844:

    tunc tangam vertice caelum,

    Aus. Idyll. 8 fin.; cf.:

    caelum merere,

    Sen. Suas. 1 init. —
    G.
    In gen., a vault, arch, covering:

    caelum camerarum,

    the interior surface of a vault, Vitr. 7, 3, 3; Flor. 3, 5, 30 dub.:

    capitis,

    Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > coelum

  • 7 asper

        asper era, erum (poet., abl plur. aspris, V.), adj. with comp. and sup.    [ab + spes], without hope, adverse, calamitous, troublesome, cruel, perilous: tempora: oppugnatio, Cs.: mala res, spes multo asperior, S.: venatus, V.: fata, V. — As subst: aspera multa pertulit, hardships, H. — Of nature and character, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, cruel: homo naturā: Iuno, V.: iuvenis monitoribus, H.: asperrimi ad condicionem pacis, L.: rebus non asper egenis, V.: cladibus asper, exasperated, O.: doctrina asperior: fores, i. e. of a cruel mistress, H.: Asperior tribulis (Galatea). more unfeeling, O. — Wild, savage, fierce: (anguis) siti, V.: tactu leo, H.: facetiae.—Of climate, harsh, severe: caelo Germania, Ta.: hiemps, S.: asperrimo hiemis, in the depth, Ta. — Of style, harsh: oratio. — Rough, uneven: regio: loca, Cs.: rura dumis, V.: rubus, prickly, V.: aequora ventis, H.: pocula signis, i. e. wrought in relief, V.: frons cornu, O.: capilli (i. e. hirsuti), H.: maria, stormy, V.: vinum, harsh, T.: pronuntiationis genus, rough: littera, i. e. the letter r, O.
    * * *
    I
    aspera -um, asperior -or -us, asperrimus -a -um ADJ
    rude/unrefined; cruel/violent/savage/raging/drastic; stern/severe/bitter; hard; rough/uneven/shaggy, coarse, harsh; embossed/encrusted; (mint condition coins); sharp/pointed, jagged/irregular, rugged/severe; sour, pungent, grating, keen
    II
    aspra -um, asprior -or -us, asprissimus -a -um ADJ
    rough/uneven, coarse/harsh; sharp/pointed; rude; savage; pungent; keen; bitter

    Latin-English dictionary > asper

  • 8 nix

        nix nivis, f    [NIGV-], snow: nigra: Liger ex nivibus creverat, Cs.: miles nivibus obrutus, L.: duratae solo nives, H.: Alpinas nives vides, V.: capitis nives, hoary hair, H.: nives, i. e. a cold climate, Pr.
    * * *

    Latin-English dictionary > nix

  • 9 pestilentia

        pestilentia ae, f    [pestilens], an infectious disease, plague, pest, pestilence: gravi pestilentiā conflictati, Cs.: exercitūs nostri interitus fame, pestilentiā: gravis, L.—Fig.: ubi contagio quasi pestilentia invasit, corruption, S.: oratio plena pestilentiae, Ct.— An unwholesome atmosphere, malarial climate: autumni, Cs.: pestilentiae fines: pestilentiae possessores, i. e. unhealthy lands.
    * * *
    plague; pestilence; fever

    Latin-English dictionary > pestilentia

  • 10 positiō

        positiō ōnis, f    [1 positus], a situation: caeli, climate, Ta.

    Latin-English dictionary > positiō

  • 11 sīdus

        sīdus eris, n    a group of stars, constellation, heavenly body: de sideribus disputare, Cs.: Siderum regina bicornis Luna, H.: Arcturi sidera, V.: sidera solis, orb, O.: surgentia, V.: radiantia, O. — Sing, a heavenly body, star, group of stars, constellation: Clarum Tyndaridae, H.: fervidum, Sirius, H.: pluviale Capellae, O.: occidente sidere Vergiliarum, L.: quid sidus triste minatur Saturni, Iu.: Nec sidus regione viae litusve fefellit, i. e. nor were we misled by (failing to understand) star or shore, V.: sideribus dubiis, at dawn, Iu.: exactis sideribus, night, Pr.—The sky, heaven: (Iuppiter) terram, mare, sidera movit, O.: (Hercules) flammis ad sidera missus, Iu.: sidera observare, Cu.: evertunt actas ad sidera pinos, i. e. on high, V.—Fig., of celebrity or prosperity, the heavens, stars, heights: Sublimi feriam sidera vertice H.: nomen ferent ad sidera cygni, V.—A star, light, beauty, glory: per oculos, sidera nostra, tuos, O.: radiant ut sidus ocelli, O.: sidere pulchrior Ille, H.—An ornament, pride, glory: Fabiae gentis, ades, O.: Macedoniae, Cu.: tu proba Perambulabis astra sidus aureum, H.—A season: quo sidere terram Vertere Conveniat, V.: brumale, O.—Climate, weather: sub nostro sidere, Iu.: tot inhospita saxa Sideraque emensae, i. e. regions, V.: grave, storm, O.—In astrology, a star, planet, destiny: pestifero sidere icti, L.: sidera natalicia: grave, O.
    * * *
    star; constellation; tempest (Vulgate 4 Ezra 15:39)

    Latin-English dictionary > sīdus

  • 12 adalgidus

    adalgida, adalgidum ADJ
    chilly, very cold (climate)

    Latin-English dictionary > adalgidus

  • 13 caelus

    heaven, sky, heavens; space; air, climate, weather; universe, world; Jehovah; heaven (eccl.); the_heavens (pl.)

    Latin-English dictionary > caelus

  • 14 caldus

    calda -um, caldior -or -us, caldissimus -a -um ADJ
    warm, hot; fiery, lusty; eager, rash, on the spot; having a warm climate/place

    Latin-English dictionary > caldus

  • 15 calidus

    calida -um, calidior -or -us, calidissimus -a -um ADJ
    warm, hot; fiery, lusty; eager, rash, on the spot; having a warm climate/place

    Latin-English dictionary > calidus

  • 16 clima

    I
    climate; (Cal)
    II
    measure of land; (60 feet square); inclination from latitude; clime; direction

    Latin-English dictionary > clima

  • 17 coelum

    sky, heaven, heavens; space; air, climate, weather; universe, world; Jehovah

    Latin-English dictionary > coelum

  • 18 coelus

    sky, heaven, heavens; space; air, climate, weather; universe, world; Jehovah

    Latin-English dictionary > coelus

  • 19 adalgidus

    ad-algĭdus, a, um, adj. [ad, intens. ], very cold, chilly; of climate:

    adalgidum maxime,

    Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 9, p. 54 Mai; in Naev. ap. Cic. Or. 45, 152, Clussman would read adalgidum for atque algidum (B. and K.).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adalgidus

  • 20 Asper

    1.
    asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

    aspris = asperis,

    Verg. A. 2, 379;

    aspro = aspero,

    Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
    I.
    1.. Lit.:

    lingua aspera tactu,

    Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

    mixta aspera levibus,

    Lucr. 2, 471:

    in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

    Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

    lene, asperum,

    id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

    tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

    Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

    Leucas,

    Luc. 1, 42:

    loca,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

    viae asperae,

    ib. Bar. 4, 26:

    vallis aspera,

    ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    glacies,

    Verg. E. 10, 49:

    hiems,

    Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

    and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

    harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

    aspera signis Pocula,

    Verg. A. 9, 263:

    Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

    id. ib. 5, 267:

    signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

    Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

    stantem extra pocula caprum,

    Juv. 1, 76):

    Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 701:

    aspera pocula,

    Prop. 2, 6, 17:

    ebur,

    Sen. Hippol. 899:

    balteus,

    Val. Fl. 5, 578:

    cingula bacis,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

    nummus,

    not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

    mare,

    agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

    barba,

    Tib. 1, 8, 32:

    sentes,

    Verg. A. 2, 379:

    rubus,

    id. E. 3, 89:

    mucro,

    Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
    2.
    Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

    quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

    Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
    3.
    Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

    latens in asperis radix,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

    aspera maris,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    propter aspera et confragosa,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

    per aspera et devia,

    Suet. Tib. 60:

    erunt aspera in vias planas,

    Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

    asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

    Tac. A. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

    asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

    asper sapor maris,

    Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

    quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

    id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

    asperrimum piper,

    id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

    acetum quam asperrimum,

    id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
    2.
    Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

    (pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

    virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

    Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

    duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
    3.
    Of smell, sharp, pungent:

    herba odoris asperi,

    Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

    quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

    Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

    orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    aspera Juno,

    Verg. A. 1, 279:

    juvenis monitoribus asper,

    Hor. A. P. 163:

    patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

    Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

    rebus non asper egenis,

    Verg. A. 8, 365:

    cladibus asper,

    exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

    asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

    unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

    (Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

    Ov. M. 13, 803:

    Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

    asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

    Verg. A. 7, 647:

    aspera Pholoe,

    coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

    accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

    Cic. Mur. 29:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

    (Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40:

    (Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

    Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

    Camilla aspera,

    id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

    gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

    Just. 2, 3:

    virgo aspera,

    i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
    b.
    Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

    (anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

    Verg. G. 3, 434:

    bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

    id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

    ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

    Verg. A. 9, 62:

    lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

    Ov. M. 11, 402:

    ille (leo) asper retro redit,

    Verg. A. 9, 794:

    tigris aspera,

    Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

    (equus) asper frena pati,

    Sil. 3, 387.—
    B.
    Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

    in periculis et asperis temporibus,

    Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

    venatus,

    Verg. A. 8, 318:

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

    pugna,

    Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

    fata,

    id. ib. 6, 882:

    odia,

    id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

    multa aspera,

    Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

    asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

    Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    verba,

    Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

    vox,

    Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
    a.
    Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
    b.
    Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
    1.
    Transf.:

    loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

    dicere,

    id. 2, 8, 15:

    syllabae aspere coëuntes,

    id. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    aspere accipere aliquid,

    Tac. A. 4, 31:

    aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

    aspere agere aliquid,

    Liv. 3, 50:

    aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

    aspere et vehementer loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

    asperius loqui aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

    asperius scribere de aliquo,

    id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

    asperrime loqui in aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    asperrime pati aliquid,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

    asperrime saevire in aliquem,

    Vell. 2, 7.
    2.
    Asper, eri, m.
    I.
    A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

    L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

    Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
    II.
    Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Asper

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