clāvus

clāvus, i, m. [root klu-, v. claudo; prop. that which shuts or fastens].

A nail, usually of metal.

Lit.:

offerumentas habebis pluris Quam ulla navis longa clavos,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 48:

(leges) ad parietem fixae clavis ferreis,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 32; so,

clavi ferrei,

Cato, R. R. 18 fin.; Caes. B. G. 3, 13; Vitr. 7, 3 al.—Sometimes of hard wood:

clavis corneis occludere,

Cato, R. R. 18 fin.:

cornus... lignum utile, si quid cuneandum sit in ligno clavisve figendum ceu ferreis,

Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 206:

clavis religare tigna,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10:

clavos per modica intervalla figentes,

Liv. 28, 20, 4.—

Acc. to a Tuscan usage the ancient Romans designated the number of the year by nails, which the highest magistrate annually, at the Ides of September, drove into the wall of Jupiter's temple: clavo ab dictatore fixo,

Liv. 7, 3, 3 sqq.; 8, 18, 12 sq.; 9, 28, 6: clavus annalis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 56, 10 Müll.; cf.

O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 329 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 263. Also, in a later age, country people seem to have kept an account of the years in this way,

Petr. 135, 8, 9.—Prov.: clavo clavum eicere, to drive out one nail by another (Gr. hêlôi ton hêlon, pattalôi ton pattalon, sc. dei exelaunein):

novo quidam amore veterem amorem tamquam clavo clavum eiciendum putant,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 35, 75: aliquid trabali clavo figere, to fasten with a large nail, to clinch a matter, id. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53; Arn. 2, p. 51.—

As a symbol of immovable firmness:

Necessitas Clavos trabales Gestans,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 18:

si figit adamantinos Necessitas Clavos,

id. ib. 3, 24, 7; cf. O. Müll. as above cit., p. 331.—Hence,

Trop.:

ex hoc die clavum anni movebis,

i. e. reckon the beginning of the year, Cic. Att. 5, 15, 1:

fixus animus clavo Cupidinis,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 4.—Prov.:

beneficium trabali clavo figere (v. trabalis),

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53 Zumpt; cf. Arn. 2, p. 51.—

Meton. of objects of like form.

( Lit. the handle of the rudder, the tiller; hence, pars pro toto.) The rudder, helm, in gen. (only sing.): ut clavum rectum teneam, Enn. ap. Isid. Orig. 19, 2, 12 (Ann. v. 472 Vahl.):

clavum ad litora torquere,

Verg. A. 5, 177 Serv.; 10, 218.—

Trop.:

clavum tanti imperii tenere et gubernacula rei publicae tractare,

Cic. Sest. 9, 20:

abicere,

to leave off the care of a thing, Arn. 3, 106: dum clavum rectum teneam, if I keep a steady helm, am not negligent (as in Gr. orthan tan naun), Quint. 2, 17, 24 Spald.; cf. the passage of Enn. supra. —

In medic. lang., a painful tumor or excrescence, a wart, a corn; on the feet, Cels. 5, 28, 14. clavis in pedibus mederi, Plin. 20, 17, 71, § 184; 22, 23, 49, § 101 sq.; 26, 11, 66, § 106; 28, 16, 62, § 222;

on the eye,

Cels. 6, 7, 12;

in the nose,

Plin. 24, 14, 77, § 126;

upon the neck of cattle,

Col. 6, 14, 6;

in sheep,

id. 7, 5, 11.—Also a disease of the olive-tree, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 223.—

A kind of abortion of bees, Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 50.—

A purple stripe on the tunica, which, for senators, was broad (latus, cf. laticlavius); for the equites, narrow (angustus; cf.

angusticlavius). In the time of the emperors, however, the sons of the senators and equites also, who were preparing for civil office, wore the latus clavus,

Liv. 9, 7, 9; Varr. L. L. 9, § 79 Müll.; Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 29 Jahn; cf. Hor. S. 1, 5, 36; 1, 6, 28; Quint. 11, 3, 138; Vell. 2, 88, 2; Suet. Aug. 94: tunicam ita consuere, ut altera plagula sit angustis clavis, altera latis, Varr L. L. 9, § 47 Müll.—Hence the phrase: latum clavum ab Caesare impetravi, i. e. I have become senator, Plin. Ep. 2, 9, 2; cf.:

clavum alicui tribuere,

Suet. Claud. 24:

impetrare,

id. Vesp. 4:

adimere,

id. Tib. 35:

adipisci,

id. Vesp. 2.—Rarely a purple stripe on bed or table cloths, Amm. 16, 8, 8.—

Poet., a tunic, in gen., either wide or narrow striped:

mutare in horas,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 10:

sumere depositum,

id. ib. 1, 6, 25.

* * *

lātĭclāvĭus, a, um, adj. [1. latus-clavus, II. 4.], having a broad purple stripe, broad-striped.

Adj.:

mappa,

Petr. 32: tunica (a mark of distinction borne by senators, military tribunes of the equestrian order, and the sons of distinguished families who were fitting themselves for offices of state; cf.

clavus),

Val. Max. 5, 1, n. 7:

tribunus,

Suet. Dom. 10; Inscr. Orell. 133.—

Subst.

lātĭclāvĭus, ii, m., one entitled to wear the latus clavus, a senator, patrician:

a quodam laticlavio prope ad necem caesus,

Suet. Ner. 26; id. Aug. 38.—

lātĭclāvĭum, ii, n., for laticlavus, a broad purple stripe on the tunic, worn as a mark of distinction (v. supra): laticlavium platusêmon, Gloss. Philox.; Dig. 24, 1, 42:

per laticlavii honorem,

Lampr. Commod. 4.

angustus, a, um. adj. [v. ango], narrow, strait, esp. of local relations, close, contracted, small, not spacious (syn.: artus, brevis, contractus;

opp. latus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92). [p. 120]

Lit.:

fretus,

Lucr. 1, 720:

Angustum per iter,

id. 5, 1132; so Sall. J. 92, 7, and Vulg. Judith, 4, 6; 7, 5:

pontes angusti,

Cic. Leg. 3, 17:

domus,

id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

fauces portūs angustissimae,

Caes. B. C. 1, 25:

fines,

id. B. G. 1, 2 Herz.:

cellae,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 8:

rima,

id. Ep. 1, 7, 29:

Principis angustā Caprearum in rupe sedentis,

on the narrow rock, Juv. 10, 93 Herm., where Jahn reads augusta, both readings yielding an apposite sense:

porta,

Vulg. Matt. 7, 13; ib. Luc. 13, 24 al.— Subst.: angustum, i, n., narrowness:

per angustum,

Lucr. 4, 530:

angusta viarum,

Verg. A. 2, 332:

pontes et viarum angusta,

Tac. H. 4, 35.—

Trop.

In angustum concludere, adducere, deducere, etc., to reduce to a strait, i. e. to restrain, confine, etc.:

ab illā immensā societate humani generis in exiguum angustumque concluditur,

Cic. Off. 1, 17:

amicitia ex infinitā societate generis humani ita contracta est et adducta in angustum, ut, etc.,

id. Am. 5.—Of the passions, to curb, restrain, moderate:

perturbationes animi contrahere et in angustum deducere,

Cic. Ac. 1, 10.—

Of other things: clavus angustus, the narrow purple stripe upon the tunic, v. clavus:

spiritus,

short, difficult, Cic. de Or. 1, 61:

odor rosae,

not diffused far, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 14.—Once also of the point of an arrow = acutus, Cels. 7, 5, n. 2.—

Of time, short, brief:

angustus dies,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 8; Stat. Th. 1, 442:

nox,

Ov. Am. 3, 7, 25:

tempus,

Luc. 4, 447.—

Of means of living, and the like, pinching, scanty, needy:

pauperies,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 1:

res angusta domi,

Juv. 3, 164:

mensa,

Sen. Thyest. 452: domus, poor, i. e. built without much expense, Tac. A. 2, 33.—

Of other external relations of life, difficult, critical, uncertain:

rebus angustis animosus atque Fortis adpare,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 21:

cum fides totā Italiā esset angustior,

was weakened, Caes. B. C. 3, 1.— Subst.: angustum, i, n., a difficult, critical, condition, danger: in angustum cogi, * Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 2:

res est in angusto,

the condition is perilous, Caes. B. G. 2, 25:

spes est in angusto,

hope is feeble, Cels. 8, 4.—

Of mind or character, narrow, base, low, mean-spirited:

nihil est tam angusti animi, tam parvi, quam amare divitias,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

animi angusti et demissi,

id. Pis. 24, 57:

ecce autem alii minuti et angusti, aut omnia semper desperantes, aut malevoli, invidi, etc.,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 61.—

Of learned investigations that lay too much stress upon little things, subtle, hair-splitting:

minutae angustaeque concertationes,

Cic. de Or. 3, 31:

pungunt (Stoici) quasi aculeis, interrogatiunculis angustis,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7.—

Of discourse, brief, simple:

et angusta quaedam et concisa, et alia est dilatata et fusa oratio,

Cic. Or. 56, 187:

Intonet angusto pectore Callimachus,

i.e. in simple style, Prop. 2, 1, 40.— Adv.: angustē.

Lit., of space, quantity, or number, within narrow limits, closely, hardly: recepissem te, nisi anguste sederem, if I were not in close quarters, Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 3:

anguste putare vitem,

to prune close, Col. 4, 16, 1; so,

anguste aliquid deputare,

id. 4, 22, 3:

quā (re frumentariā) anguste utebatur,

in small quantity, Caes. B. C. 3, 16:

tantum navium repperit, ut anguste quindecim milia militum, quingentos equites transportare possent, = vix,

scarcely fifteen thousand, id. ib. 3, 2.— Comp.:

angustius pabulabantur,

within narrower range, Caes. B. C. 1, 59:

aliae (arbores) radices angustius diffundunt,

Varr. R. R. 1, 37, 5:

quanto sit angustius imperitatum,

Tac. A. 4, 4:

eo anno frumentum propter siccitates angustius provenerat,

more scantily, Caes. B. G. 5, 24.— Sup.:

Caesar (nitebatur) ut quam angustissime Pompeium contineret,

Caes. B. C. 3, 45:

furunculus angustissime praecisus,

Col. 4, 24, 17. —

Trop.

In gen., within narrow limits:

anguste intraque civiles actiones coërcere rhetoricam,

Quint. 2, 15, 36.— Comp.: haud scio an recte ea virtus frugalitas appellari possit, quod angustius apud Graecos valet, qui frugi homines chrêsimous appellant, id est tantum modo utiles, has a narrower meaning, Cic. Tusc. 3, 8, 16:

Reliqui habere se videntur angustius, enatant tamen etc.,

seem to be more hampered, id. ib. 5, 31, 87.—

Esp. of speaking or writing, closely, briefly, concisely, without diffuseness: anguste scribere, Cic. Mur. 13, 28:

anguste et exiliter dicere,

id. Brut. 84, 289:

anguste disserere,

id. Part. Or. 41, 139:

presse et anguste rem definire,

id. Or. 33, 117:

anguste materiem terminare,

Quint. 7, 4, 40.— Comp.:

Pergit idem et urget angustius,

Cic. N. D. 2, 8, 22:

concludere brevius angustiusque,

id. ib. 2, 7, 20.

angustus, a, um. adj. [v. ango], narrow, strait, esp. of local relations, close, contracted, small, not spacious (syn.: artus, brevis, contractus;

opp. latus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92). [p. 120]

Lit.:

fretus,

Lucr. 1, 720:

Angustum per iter,

id. 5, 1132; so Sall. J. 92, 7, and Vulg. Judith, 4, 6; 7, 5:

pontes angusti,

Cic. Leg. 3, 17:

domus,

id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

fauces portūs angustissimae,

Caes. B. C. 1, 25:

fines,

id. B. G. 1, 2 Herz.:

cellae,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 8:

rima,

id. Ep. 1, 7, 29:

Principis angustā Caprearum in rupe sedentis,

on the narrow rock, Juv. 10, 93 Herm., where Jahn reads augusta, both readings yielding an apposite sense:

porta,

Vulg. Matt. 7, 13; ib. Luc. 13, 24 al.— Subst.: angustum, i, n., narrowness:

per angustum,

Lucr. 4, 530:

angusta viarum,

Verg. A. 2, 332:

pontes et viarum angusta,

Tac. H. 4, 35.—

Trop.

In angustum concludere, adducere, deducere, etc., to reduce to a strait, i. e. to restrain, confine, etc.:

ab illā immensā societate humani generis in exiguum angustumque concluditur,

Cic. Off. 1, 17:

amicitia ex infinitā societate generis humani ita contracta est et adducta in angustum, ut, etc.,

id. Am. 5.—Of the passions, to curb, restrain, moderate:

perturbationes animi contrahere et in angustum deducere,

Cic. Ac. 1, 10.—

Of other things: clavus angustus, the narrow purple stripe upon the tunic, v. clavus:

spiritus,

short, difficult, Cic. de Or. 1, 61:

odor rosae,

not diffused far, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 14.—Once also of the point of an arrow = acutus, Cels. 7, 5, n. 2.—

Of time, short, brief:

angustus dies,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 8; Stat. Th. 1, 442:

nox,

Ov. Am. 3, 7, 25:

tempus,

Luc. 4, 447.—

Of means of living, and the like, pinching, scanty, needy:

pauperies,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 1:

res angusta domi,

Juv. 3, 164:

mensa,

Sen. Thyest. 452: domus, poor, i. e. built without much expense, Tac. A. 2, 33.—

Of other external relations of life, difficult, critical, uncertain:

rebus angustis animosus atque Fortis adpare,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 21:

cum fides totā Italiā esset angustior,

was weakened, Caes. B. C. 3, 1.— Subst.: angustum, i, n., a difficult, critical, condition, danger: in angustum cogi, * Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 2:

res est in angusto,

the condition is perilous, Caes. B. G. 2, 25:

spes est in angusto,

hope is feeble, Cels. 8, 4.—

Of mind or character, narrow, base, low, mean-spirited:

nihil est tam angusti animi, tam parvi, quam amare divitias,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

animi angusti et demissi,

id. Pis. 24, 57:

ecce autem alii minuti et angusti, aut omnia semper desperantes, aut malevoli, invidi, etc.,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 61.—

Of learned investigations that lay too much stress upon little things, subtle, hair-splitting:

minutae angustaeque concertationes,

Cic. de Or. 3, 31:

pungunt (Stoici) quasi aculeis, interrogatiunculis angustis,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7.—

Of discourse, brief, simple:

et angusta quaedam et concisa, et alia est dilatata et fusa oratio,

Cic. Or. 56, 187:

Intonet angusto pectore Callimachus,

i.e. in simple style, Prop. 2, 1, 40.— Adv.: angustē.

Lit., of space, quantity, or number, within narrow limits, closely, hardly: recepissem te, nisi anguste sederem, if I were not in close quarters, Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 3:

anguste putare vitem,

to prune close, Col. 4, 16, 1; so,

anguste aliquid deputare,

id. 4, 22, 3:

quā (re frumentariā) anguste utebatur,

in small quantity, Caes. B. C. 3, 16:

tantum navium repperit, ut anguste quindecim milia militum, quingentos equites transportare possent, = vix,

scarcely fifteen thousand, id. ib. 3, 2.— Comp.:

angustius pabulabantur,

within narrower range, Caes. B. C. 1, 59:

aliae (arbores) radices angustius diffundunt,

Varr. R. R. 1, 37, 5:

quanto sit angustius imperitatum,

Tac. A. 4, 4:

eo anno frumentum propter siccitates angustius provenerat,

more scantily, Caes. B. G. 5, 24.— Sup.:

Caesar (nitebatur) ut quam angustissime Pompeium contineret,

Caes. B. C. 3, 45:

furunculus angustissime praecisus,

Col. 4, 24, 17. —

Trop.

In gen., within narrow limits:

anguste intraque civiles actiones coërcere rhetoricam,

Quint. 2, 15, 36.— Comp.: haud scio an recte ea virtus frugalitas appellari possit, quod angustius apud Graecos valet, qui frugi homines chrêsimous appellant, id est tantum modo utiles, has a narrower meaning, Cic. Tusc. 3, 8, 16:

Reliqui habere se videntur angustius, enatant tamen etc.,

seem to be more hampered, id. ib. 5, 31, 87.—

Esp. of speaking or writing, closely, briefly, concisely, without diffuseness: anguste scribere, Cic. Mur. 13, 28:

anguste et exiliter dicere,

id. Brut. 84, 289:

anguste disserere,

id. Part. Or. 41, 139:

presse et anguste rem definire,

id. Or. 33, 117:

anguste materiem terminare,

Quint. 7, 4, 40.— Comp.:

Pergit idem et urget angustius,

Cic. N. D. 2, 8, 22:

concludere brevius angustiusque,

id. ib. 2, 7, 20.

clāvo, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [clavus] (rare; not ante-Aug.; mostly in part. perf.).

To furnish or fasten with nails, to nail, Paul. Nol. 21, 103: clavata concha, i. e. furnished with points or prickles, Plin. 9, 36, 61, § 130.—

To furnish with a purple stripe (cf. clavus, II. D.):

mantilia cocco clavata,

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 37:

clavata auro tunica,

Vop. Bonos. 15; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 56, 9 Müll.

clāvŭlus, i, m. dim. [clavus].

A small nail, a tack, Cato, R. R. 21, 3; Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 15.—

A small swelling (cf. clavus, II. B.), Marc. Emp. 33.

lātus, a, um, adj. [old Lat. stlātus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 313; Sanscr. root star-, strnāmi = sterno; Gr. stor- in stornumi, stratos; Lat. sterno, stratus, torus; cf. strāges, struo; not connected with platus, nor with 3. lātus = tlêtos], broad, wide.

Lit.:

fossa,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59:

mare,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 46, § 103:

via,

id. ib. 2, 4, 53, §

119: agri,

id. Rep. 5, 2, 3:

clavus,

Quint. 11, 3, 138 (v. clavus):

umeri,

Verg. A. 9, 725; cf.:

artus barbarorum,

Tac. A. 2, 21:

lati et lacertosi viri,

broad-shouldered, Col. 1, 9, 4; Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

rana bove latior,

Phaedr. 1, 24, 5:

palus non latior pedibus quinquaginta,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

latissimum flumen,

id. ib. 2, 27:

latissimae solitudines,

id. ib. 6, 22:

comesse panem tris pedes latum,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 1, 8:

fossae quindecim pedes latae,

Caes. B. G. 7, 72:

areas latas pedum denum facito,

Col. 2, 10, 26:

populi,

Verg. A. 1, 225:

moenia lata videt,

id. ib. 6, 549:

latis otia fundis,

id. G. 2, 468: ne latos fines parare studeant. Caes. B. G. 6, 21:

ager,

Liv. 23, 46:

orbis,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 57:

terrae,

Ov. M. 2, 307:

lata Polyphemi acies,

wide eye, Juv. 9, 64.— Neutr. absol.:

crescere in latum,

to increase in width, widen, Ov. M. 1, 336.— Absol.:

per latum,

Vulg. Ezech. 46, 22:

in lato pedum centum,

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 26, 7.—

Transf., poet., for proud, swelling (cf. Eng. vulg. spreading):

latus ut in circo spatiere,

that you may stalk along largely, proudly, Hor. S. 2, 3, 183:

lati incesserunt et cothurnati (histriones),

Sen. Ep. 76, 31. —

Trop.

In gen., broad, wide, wide-spread, extended (mostly post-Aug.):

vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 82; cf.:

verba,

pronounced broadly, Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46:

gloria,

widespread, Plin. Ep. 4, 12, 7:

lato Murrus caligat in hoste,

Sil. 1, 499:

interpretatio,

broad, not strict, lenient, Dig. 22, 1, 1:

culpa,

great, ib. 50, 16, 213; 11, 6, 1 fin.:

fuga,

a kind of banishment, whereby all places are forbidden to the exile but one, ib. 48, 22, 5.—

In partic., of style, diffuse, detailed, copious, prolix:

oratio Academicorum liberior et latior (opp. Stoicorum oratio astrictior et contractior),

Cic. Brut. 31, 120:

latum atque fusum,

Quint. 11, 3, 50:

latiore varioque tractatu,

id. 7, 3, 16:

latiore quadam comprehensione,

id. 2, 5, 14:

genus orandi latum et sonans,

Tac. H. 1, 90:

Aeschines his latior et audentior,

Quint. 12, 10, 23.— Hence, adv.: lātē, broadly, widely, extensively; with longe, on all sides, far and wide, everywhere.

Lit.:

late longeque diffusus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34:

omnibus longe lateque aedificiis incensis,

Caes. B. G. 4, 35:

minus late vagari,

id. ib. 1, 2:

regnare,

Just. 13, 7:

populus late rex,

Verg. A. 1, 21; cf.:

diu Lateque victrix,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 23:

cladem inferre,

Tac. H. 3, 23.— Comp.:

latius demum operaest pretium ivisse,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 156:

itaque latius quam caedebatur ruebat (murus),

Liv. 21, 11:

possidere (agros),

Ov. M. 5, 131:

metui,

Tac. A. 12, 43. — Sup.:

ager latissime continuatus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 26, 70:

quam latissime possint, ignes faciant,

Nep. Eum. 9, 3.—

Trop.: ars late patet, widely. Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 235:

Phrygiae late refer primordia gentis,

Ov. H. 17, 57.— Comp.:

latius loquuntur rhetores, dialectici compressius,

Cic. Fin. 2, 6, 17: quod [p. 1042] pateat latius, of rather extensive application, Cic. Off. 3, 4, 19:

latius perscribere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 17:

uti opibus,

more lavishly, Hor. S. 2, 2, 113.— Sup.:

fidei bonae nomen latissime manat,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 70:

latissime patere,

id. ib. 3, 17, 69.

lătus, ĕris, n. [cf. Gr. platus; Lat. lăter, Latium, plautus or plotus], the side, flank of men or animals.

Lit.:

ego vostra faciam latera lorea,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 2: quid conminatu's mihi? Con. Istud male factum arbitror, quia non latus fodi, id. Aul. 3, 2, 4:

occidisse ex equo dicitur, et latus offendisse vehementer,

Cic. Clu. 62, 175:

cujus latus ille mucro petebat,

id. Lig. 3, 9:

laterique accommodat ensem,

Verg. A. 2, 393; Quint. 2, 13, 12; 11, 3, 69; 118:

laterum inclinatione forti ac virili,

id. 1, 11, 18: vellere latus digitis, to twitch one by the side (in order to attract attention), Ov. A. A. 1, 606; cf.:

si tetigit latus acrior,

Juv. 7, 109:

tum latus ei dicenti condoluisse... dieque septimo est lateris dolore consumptus,

pleurisy, Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6; so,

lateris dolor,

Cato, R. R. 125; Cels. 2, 7; 8; Plin. 21, 21, 89, § 155:

lateris vigili cum febre dolor,

Juv. 13, 229; cf.:

laterum dolor aut tussis,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 32: artifices lateris, i. e. those who make skilful side movements or evolutions, ballet-dancers, Ov. A. A. 3, 351:

latus tegere alicui,

to walk by the side of one, Hor. S. 2, 5, 18:

claudere alicui,

Juv. 3, 131; and:

mares inter se uxoresque contendunt, uter det latus illis (sc. pantomimis),

Sen. Q. N. 7, 32, 3.—Of animals:

equorum,

Lucr. 5, 1324:

cujus (equi aënei) in lateribus fores essent,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 38.—

Of orators, the lungs:

lateribus aut clamore contendere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 255:

quae vox, quae latera, quae vires, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 67:

ut lateris conatus sit ille, non capitis,

Quint. 1, 11, 8; cf.:

lateris pectorisve firmitas an capitis etiam plus adjuvet,

id. 11, 3, 16; so id. 11, 3, 40:

dum vox ac latus praeparetur,

id. 10, 7, 2; 11, 3, 13:

voce, latere, firmitate (constat orator),

id. 12, 11, 2:

neque enim ex te umquam es nobilitatus, sed ex lateribus et lacertis tuis,

Cic. de Sen. 9, 27:

cum legem Voconiam voce magna et bonis lateribus suasissem,

id. ib. 5, 14:

illa adhuc audaciora et majorum, ut Cicero existimat, laterum,

Quint. 9, 1, 29.—

Poet., in mal. part., Lucil. ap. Non. 260, 30; Ov. H. 2, 58; 19, 138; Prop. 2, 2, 12:

lateri parcere,

Juv. 6, 37.—

Transf., in gen.

The side, flank, lateral surface of a thing (opp. frons and tergum;

v. h. vv.): collis ex utraque parte lateris dejectus habebat et in frontem leniter fastigatus paulatim ad planiciem redibat,

on each side, Caes. B. G. 2, 8; cf. Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 202:

terra angusta verticibus, lateribus latior,

Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

latus unum castrorum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

insula, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

id. ib. 5, 13:

et (Fibrenus) divisus aequaliter in duas partis latera haec (insulae) adluit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6.—Of a maritime country, the coast, seaboard:

Illyricum,

Juv. 8, 117:

castelli,

Sall. J. 93:

tum prora avertit et undis Dat latus,

the ship's side, Verg. A. 1, 105:

ubi pulsarunt acres latera ardua fluctus,

Ov. M. 11, 529:

nudum remigio,

Hor. C. 1, 14, 4; id. Epod. 10, 3:

dextrum (domus),

id. Ep. 1, 16, 6:

mundi,

id. C. 1, 22, 19:

crystallus sexangulis nascitur lateribus,

surfaces, Plin. 37, 2, 9, § 26.—Of an army, the flank, Tac. Agr. 35:

reliquos equites ad latera disponit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 7:

ex itinere nostros latere aperto aggressi,

id. ib. 1, 25; cf. id. ib. 2, 23 fin.:

ad latus apertum hostium constitui,

id. ib. 4, 25:

ne simul in frontem, simul in latera, pugnaretur,

Tac. Agr. 35.—So in fighting: latus dare, to expose one's side or flank to the adversary, Val. Fl. 4, 304 (v. II. A. infra).—

Esp. freq.: a (ab) latere, on or at the side or flank; a or ab lateribus, on or at the sides or flanks (opp. a fronte, in front, before, and a tergo, at the back, behind):

a tergo, a fronte, a lateribus tenebitur,

Cic. Phil. 3, 13, 32:

a fronte atque ab utroque latere cratibus ac pluteis protegebat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 25 fin.; id. B. G. 2, 25:

ab omni latere securus,

Amm. 16, 9, 3:

ab latere aggredi,

Liv. 27, 48:

disjectos ab tergo aut lateribus circumveniebant,

Sall. J. 50 fin.:

ne quis inermibus militibus ab latere impetus fieri posset,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

Sulla profligatis iis, quos advorsum ierat, rediens ab latere Mauris incurrit,

Sall. J. 101, 8: si ex hac causa unda prorumperet, a lateribus undae circumfunderentur, Sen. Q. N. 6, 6, 4:

a lateribus, a fronte, quasi tria maria prospectat,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 5.—

Less freq. with ex:

latere ex utroque,

Lucr. 2, 1049:

ex lateribus aggredi aliquem,

Sall. C. 60:

tribus ex lateribus (locus) tegebatur,

Hirt. B. Alex. 28, 4:

ex alio latere cubiculum est politissimum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 10:

omni ex latere armorum molibus urgeri,

Amm. 19, 7, 7.—

With de:

de latere ire,

Lucr. 6, 117.—Without prep.:

alio latere,

Tac. A. 3, 74.—

Poet. (pars pro toto), the body:

penna latus vestit, tenet,

Ov. M. 2, 376:

nunc latus in fulvis niveum deponit harenis,

id. ib. 2, 865; cf. id. ib. 3, 23;

14, 710: forte,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 26:

fessum longā militiā,

id. C. 2, 7, 18:

credidit tauro latus,

id. ib. 3, 27, 26:

liminis aut aquae Caelestis patiens latus,

id. ib. 3, 10, 20.—

Trop.

In gen.: in latera atque in terga incurrere, to attack the sides, i. e. the unguarded points, Quint. 9, 1, 20:

aliena negotia centum Per caput et circa saliunt latus,

encompass on every side, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34:

ut a sems latere numquam discederem,

never left his side, Cic. Lael. 1, 1; cf.: aliquem lateri alicujus adjungere, to attach to his side, i. e. to give him for a companion, Quint. 1, 2, 5; so,

alicui latus dare, of a client,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 32, 3 (cf. B. 1. infra):

lateri adhaerere gravem dominum,

hung about them, threatened them, Liv. 39, 25:

Illyriorum rex, lateri ejus haerens, assiduis precibus promissa exigebat,

Just. 29, 4, 8; cf.:

Agathocles regis lateri junctus, civitatem regebat,

id. 30, 2, 5:

circumfusa turba lateri meo,

Liv. 6, 15.—Esp.:

sacpe dabis nudum latus,

expose, Tib. 1, 4, 52:

la. tus imperii nudum,

Flor. 3, 5, 4:

nec adulatoribus latus praebeas,

expose yourself, lay yourself open to, Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.: latere tecto abscedere, i. e safe, unharmed, Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 5:

hic fugit omnes Insidias nullique malo latus obdit apertum,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 59:

ex uno latere constat contractus,

on one side, Dig. 19, 1, 13 fin.; so ib. 3, 5, 5:

nulla ex utroque latere nascitur actio,

ib. 3, 5, 6, § 4.—

In partic.

To express intimacy, attachment:

latus alicui cingere,

to cling to, Liv. 32, 39, 8; esp. in the phrase: ab latere, at the side of, i. e. in intimate association with (rare, and perh. not ante-Aug.):

ab latere tyranni: addit eos ab latere tyranni,

Liv. 24, 5, 13; Curt. 3, 5, 15; cf.:

ille tuum, Castrice, dulce latus,

your constant associate, Mart. 6, 68, 4.—

Relationship, kindred, esp. collateral relationship (post-Aug.):

quibus (liberis) videor a meo tuoque latere pronum ad honores iter relicturus,

Plin. Ep. 8, 10, 3:

sunt et ex lateribus cognati ut fratres sororesque,

Dig. 38, 10, 10, § 8:

ex latere uxorem ducere,

ib. 23, 2, 68:

latus omne divinae domus,

Stat. S. 5 praef.: omnes personae cognatorum aut supra numerantur, aut infra, aut ex transverso, sive a latere... a latere, fratres et sorores, liberique eorum; item parentium fratres et sorores liberique eorum, (Ulp.) de Grad. Cogn. 2 ap. Huschke, Jurisp. Antejust. p. 530.

lātus, a, um, Part., v. fero.

* * *

* * *

* * *

aerĕus (trisyl.), a, um, adj. [aes].

Made of copper:

cornua,

Verg. A. 7, 615:

clavus,

Plin. 16, 10, 20, § 51:

tabulae,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

vasa,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 8, 10.—

Furnished or covered with copper or bronze:

clipeus,

Verg. A. 12, 541; so ( with copper) Vulg. 1 Reg. 17, 6:

puppis,

Verg. A. 5, 198 (cf.:

aeratae naves,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 21).— aerĕus, i, m. (sc. nummus), a bronze coin:

aereos signatos constituere,

Vitr. 3, 1.— aerĕum, i, n., a copper color, Plin. 8, 52, 78, § 212.

āĕrĕus, a, um, v. aërius.

aerĕus (trisyl.), a, um, adj. [aes].

Made of copper:

cornua,

Verg. A. 7, 615:

clavus,

Plin. 16, 10, 20, § 51:

tabulae,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

vasa,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 8, 10.—

Furnished or covered with copper or bronze:

clipeus,

Verg. A. 12, 541; so ( with copper) Vulg. 1 Reg. 17, 6:

puppis,

Verg. A. 5, 198 (cf.:

aeratae naves,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 21).— aerĕus, i, m. (sc. nummus), a bronze coin:

aereos signatos constituere,

Vitr. 3, 1.— aerĕum, i, n., a copper color, Plin. 8, 52, 78, § 212.

āĕrĕus, a, um, v. aërius.

claudo ( * clōdo:

clodunt ita (oculos),

Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330 fin.; but some refer clodo to claudeo; and more freq., although not in Cic., clūdo, as always in the compounds; v. infra), si, sum, 3, v. a. [root sklu-, klu-, to shut; cf. kleiô, kleis, clavis; O. H. Germ. scliuzu; M. H. Germ. schliessen; also claudus, clavus], to shut.

To shut something that is open, to close, shut up (opp. aperire; freq. in prose and poetry).

Claudo:

forem cubiculi,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; cf. Quint. 10, 3, 25;

and, clausae fores,

Tib. 1, 9, 44; Suet. Ner. 47:

conventus portus Varroni clausit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 19:

januam serā,

Tib. 1, 2, 6:

domum,

Ov. P. 1, 7, 36 sq.:

ostia,

Cat. 6, 231:

portas,

Cic. Fl. 25, 61; Hor. C. 3, 5, 23; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 68:

omnes aditus,

id. Phil. 1, 10, 25; Tac. A. 12, 68; Stat. Th. 6, 752:

rivos,

to dam up, Verg. E. 3, 111:

ad claudendas pupulas, ne quid incideret, et ad aperiendas, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:

ocellos (in dying),

Prop. 2 (3), 13, 17; so,

oculos,

Luc. 5, 28:

lumina,

Verg. A. 10, 746; Ov. M. 3, 503:

clausis foribus,

Lucr. 4, 598.—

Cludo:

domum,

Tac. H. 1, 33:

Janum Quirinum ter clusit,

Suet. Aug. 22; Flor. 4, 12, 64:

animam clusit dolor,

Luc. 8, 59.—

Trop.:

nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 55:

domus clausa contra cupiditatem,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:

habere domum clausam pudori et sanctimoniae, patentem cupiditati et voluptatibus,

id. Quint. 30, 93; cf. id. Fam. 4, 13, 6:

aures ad doctissimas voces,

id. Tusc. 4, 1, 2; cf. Liv. 40, 8, 20:

cludendae sunt aures malis vocibus,

Sen. Ep. 123, 9:

horum ferocia vocem Euandri clausit,

Liv. 44, 45, 11: fugam hostibus, q. s. to block up, to cut off, prevent, id. 27, 18, 20; so Ov. M. 6, 572:

alicui iter,

id. F. 1, 272; id. M. 8, 548:

alios incessus,

Tac. A. 6, 33:

sideritis sanguinem claudit,

i. e. stops, stanches, Plin. 26, 13, 83, § 135:

cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64:

clausa consilia habere,

i. e. to conceal, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 63; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Ov. M. 2, 641; id. F. 4, 846; Sil. 1, 140.— Poet.: animam laqueo, i. e. to end one ' s life, Ov. M. 7, 604 (cf.:

vitalesque vias et respiramina clausit,

id. ib. 2, 828).—

To close, end, conclude (so, except the milit. expression, agmen, only poet. or in post-Aug. prose; most freq. in Quint.).

Claudo:

cujus octavum trepidavit aetas Claudere lustrum,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 24:

opus,

Ov. F. 3, 384:

jus,

Luc. 5, 44:

labores ingentis belli,

Sil. 15, 655:

epistulam,

Ov. H. 13, 165; 20, 242:

cenas lactucā,

Mart. 13, 14; Quint. 9, 4, 13:

cum ventum est ad ipsum illud, quo veteres tragoediae comoediaeque clauduntur, Plaudite,

id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 1, 8, 1; 2, 15, 27.—

Cludo:

cludere bella,

Stat. Th. 11, 58:

cludendi incohandique sententias ratio,

Quint. 9, 4, 18; cf.

opp. incipere,

id. 9, 4, 67 (as claudere, opp. incipere, id. 1, 8, 1):

cum versus cluditur,

id. 9, 4, 65; cf. id. 9, 4, 26; 9, 4, 71; 9, 4, 73; 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 102; 9, 4, 104; 9, 4, 105; 12, 10, 31.—

Agmen, in milit. lang., to close the procession or train, to bring up the rear, Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Curt. 3, 3, 21; 4, 12, 4; so,

aciem,

Sil. 7, 590; cf. cogo, I. B. 3.—

(For the compounds includo, concludo.) Claudere aliquid aliquā re, to shut up or in something by something, to enclose, encompass, surround, imprison, hide, confine (class., esp. freq. in poetry and in the historians).

Claudo, with abl.:

locum aquā,

Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1:

quae (Syracusarum urbs) loci naturā terrā marique clauderetur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

(animae) clausae tenebris et carcere caeco,

Verg. A. 6, 734:

stabulis armenta,

id. G. 3, 352:

claudens textis cratibus pecus,

Hor. Epod. 2, 45; cf. Ov. M. 2, 554; 4, 646:

ensem vaginā,

Luc. 5, 245:

aliquem Gyaro,

Tac. A. 4, 30; 14, 63:

clausus domo,

id. ib. 15, 53; cf.:

intra domum,

id. H. 4, 49:

rivus praealtis utrimque clausus ripis,

Liv. 21, 54, 1; cf. id. 21, 43, 4; 41, 27, 12; Quint. 1, 10, 45:

clauditur cubiculo aliquis,

Tac. A. 15, 69; cf.: in atras et profundas tenebras eum claudebant, Tubero ap. Gell. 7 (6), 4, 3:

in arcā,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 59:

claudam in curiā vos,

Liv. 23, 2, 9:

in tectis,

Ov. M. 3, 697:

(apes) in arbore inani,

id. F. 3, 743:

aquilonem in antris,

id. M. 1, 262.—Without abl.:

nihil se tam clausum posse habere, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 42:

insula ea sinum ab alto claudit,

Liv. 30, 24, 9; cf. Tac. G. 34; Quint. 1, 10, 42; Ov. M. 1, 568 al.—In milit. lang., of a hostile encompassing, to encompass, invest, besiege, blockade, etc.:

praestare arbitrabatur, unum locum... quam omnia litora ac portus custodiā clausos teneri,

Caes. B. C. 3, 23:

urbem operibus,

Nep. Milt. 7, 2; Liv. 25, 22, 12 al.; cf.:

urbem obsidione,

Nep. Epam. 8, 5:

adversarios locorum angustiis,

id. Dat. 8, 4; cf. id. Epam. 7, 1; id. Ham. 2, 4:

multitudine,

id. Milt. 5, 3:

hinc Tusco claudimur amni,

are hemmed in, Verg. A. 8, 473.—So of hunting:

nemorum saltus,

Verg. E. 6, 56:

indagine collis,

Tib. 4, 3, 7:

silvas vastasque feras indagine,

Luc. 6, 42; Stat. Th. 2, 553:

insidiis altas valles,

Tib. 1, 4, 49:

cur tibi clauduntur rete Imbelles capr eae,

Ov. F. 5, 371.—

Cludo, Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 5:

venti clusi Nubibus,

Lucr. 6, 197; Flor. 3, 20, 13.—

Trop.:

numcubi meam Benignitatem sensisti in te claudier?

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 84:

nolo tibi ullum commodum in me claudier,

id. And. 3, 3, 41; cf.

I. A. 2. supra.—Esp. of speech and rhythm: qui non claudunt numeris sententias,

Cic. Or. 68, 229; 58, 198:

pedibus verba,

i. e. to compose verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28; cf. id. ib. 1, 10, 59:

quod clausae hieme Alpes essent,

Liv. 27, 36, 4; cf. Verg. G. 2, 317: rura gelu tum claudit hiems (and id. A. 2, 111: illos aspera ponti interclusit hiems).—Hence, P.a. as subst.: clausum ( clūsum), i, n., an enclosed place (for confining or keeping any thing):

clausa effringere,

Sall. J. 12, 5:

in clauso linquere,

in confinement, Verg. G. 4, 303:

fructus clauso custodire,

Col. 12, praef. §

3: sub uno clauso,

id. 7, 6, 5:

clausa domorum,

Lucr. 1, 354:

clausa viarum,

id. 4, 612.

claudo, ĕre, v. claudeo.

claudo ( * clōdo:

clodunt ita (oculos),

Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330 fin.; but some refer clodo to claudeo; and more freq., although not in Cic., clūdo, as always in the compounds; v. infra), si, sum, 3, v. a. [root sklu-, klu-, to shut; cf. kleiô, kleis, clavis; O. H. Germ. scliuzu; M. H. Germ. schliessen; also claudus, clavus], to shut.

To shut something that is open, to close, shut up (opp. aperire; freq. in prose and poetry).

Claudo:

forem cubiculi,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; cf. Quint. 10, 3, 25;

and, clausae fores,

Tib. 1, 9, 44; Suet. Ner. 47:

conventus portus Varroni clausit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 19:

januam serā,

Tib. 1, 2, 6:

domum,

Ov. P. 1, 7, 36 sq.:

ostia,

Cat. 6, 231:

portas,

Cic. Fl. 25, 61; Hor. C. 3, 5, 23; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 68:

omnes aditus,

id. Phil. 1, 10, 25; Tac. A. 12, 68; Stat. Th. 6, 752:

rivos,

to dam up, Verg. E. 3, 111:

ad claudendas pupulas, ne quid incideret, et ad aperiendas, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:

ocellos (in dying),

Prop. 2 (3), 13, 17; so,

oculos,

Luc. 5, 28:

lumina,

Verg. A. 10, 746; Ov. M. 3, 503:

clausis foribus,

Lucr. 4, 598.—

Cludo:

domum,

Tac. H. 1, 33:

Janum Quirinum ter clusit,

Suet. Aug. 22; Flor. 4, 12, 64:

animam clusit dolor,

Luc. 8, 59.—

Trop.:

nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 55:

domus clausa contra cupiditatem,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:

habere domum clausam pudori et sanctimoniae, patentem cupiditati et voluptatibus,

id. Quint. 30, 93; cf. id. Fam. 4, 13, 6:

aures ad doctissimas voces,

id. Tusc. 4, 1, 2; cf. Liv. 40, 8, 20:

cludendae sunt aures malis vocibus,

Sen. Ep. 123, 9:

horum ferocia vocem Euandri clausit,

Liv. 44, 45, 11: fugam hostibus, q. s. to block up, to cut off, prevent, id. 27, 18, 20; so Ov. M. 6, 572:

alicui iter,

id. F. 1, 272; id. M. 8, 548:

alios incessus,

Tac. A. 6, 33:

sideritis sanguinem claudit,

i. e. stops, stanches, Plin. 26, 13, 83, § 135:

cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64:

clausa consilia habere,

i. e. to conceal, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 63; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Ov. M. 2, 641; id. F. 4, 846; Sil. 1, 140.— Poet.: animam laqueo, i. e. to end one ' s life, Ov. M. 7, 604 (cf.:

vitalesque vias et respiramina clausit,

id. ib. 2, 828).—

To close, end, conclude (so, except the milit. expression, agmen, only poet. or in post-Aug. prose; most freq. in Quint.).

Claudo:

cujus octavum trepidavit aetas Claudere lustrum,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 24:

opus,

Ov. F. 3, 384:

jus,

Luc. 5, 44:

labores ingentis belli,

Sil. 15, 655:

epistulam,

Ov. H. 13, 165; 20, 242:

cenas lactucā,

Mart. 13, 14; Quint. 9, 4, 13:

cum ventum est ad ipsum illud, quo veteres tragoediae comoediaeque clauduntur, Plaudite,

id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 1, 8, 1; 2, 15, 27.—

Cludo:

cludere bella,

Stat. Th. 11, 58:

cludendi incohandique sententias ratio,

Quint. 9, 4, 18; cf.

opp. incipere,

id. 9, 4, 67 (as claudere, opp. incipere, id. 1, 8, 1):

cum versus cluditur,

id. 9, 4, 65; cf. id. 9, 4, 26; 9, 4, 71; 9, 4, 73; 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 102; 9, 4, 104; 9, 4, 105; 12, 10, 31.—

Agmen, in milit. lang., to close the procession or train, to bring up the rear, Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Curt. 3, 3, 21; 4, 12, 4; so,

aciem,

Sil. 7, 590; cf. cogo, I. B. 3.—

(For the compounds includo, concludo.) Claudere aliquid aliquā re, to shut up or in something by something, to enclose, encompass, surround, imprison, hide, confine (class., esp. freq. in poetry and in the historians).

Claudo, with abl.:

locum aquā,

Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1:

quae (Syracusarum urbs) loci naturā terrā marique clauderetur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

(animae) clausae tenebris et carcere caeco,

Verg. A. 6, 734:

stabulis armenta,

id. G. 3, 352:

claudens textis cratibus pecus,

Hor. Epod. 2, 45; cf. Ov. M. 2, 554; 4, 646:

ensem vaginā,

Luc. 5, 245:

aliquem Gyaro,

Tac. A. 4, 30; 14, 63:

clausus domo,

id. ib. 15, 53; cf.:

intra domum,

id. H. 4, 49:

rivus praealtis utrimque clausus ripis,

Liv. 21, 54, 1; cf. id. 21, 43, 4; 41, 27, 12; Quint. 1, 10, 45:

clauditur cubiculo aliquis,

Tac. A. 15, 69; cf.: in atras et profundas tenebras eum claudebant, Tubero ap. Gell. 7 (6), 4, 3:

in arcā,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 59:

claudam in curiā vos,

Liv. 23, 2, 9:

in tectis,

Ov. M. 3, 697:

(apes) in arbore inani,

id. F. 3, 743:

aquilonem in antris,

id. M. 1, 262.—Without abl.:

nihil se tam clausum posse habere, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 42:

insula ea sinum ab alto claudit,

Liv. 30, 24, 9; cf. Tac. G. 34; Quint. 1, 10, 42; Ov. M. 1, 568 al.—In milit. lang., of a hostile encompassing, to encompass, invest, besiege, blockade, etc.:

praestare arbitrabatur, unum locum... quam omnia litora ac portus custodiā clausos teneri,

Caes. B. C. 3, 23:

urbem operibus,

Nep. Milt. 7, 2; Liv. 25, 22, 12 al.; cf.:

urbem obsidione,

Nep. Epam. 8, 5:

adversarios locorum angustiis,

id. Dat. 8, 4; cf. id. Epam. 7, 1; id. Ham. 2, 4:

multitudine,

id. Milt. 5, 3:

hinc Tusco claudimur amni,

are hemmed in, Verg. A. 8, 473.—So of hunting:

nemorum saltus,

Verg. E. 6, 56:

indagine collis,

Tib. 4, 3, 7:

silvas vastasque feras indagine,

Luc. 6, 42; Stat. Th. 2, 553:

insidiis altas valles,

Tib. 1, 4, 49:

cur tibi clauduntur rete Imbelles capr eae,

Ov. F. 5, 371.—

Cludo, Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 5:

venti clusi Nubibus,

Lucr. 6, 197; Flor. 3, 20, 13.—

Trop.:

numcubi meam Benignitatem sensisti in te claudier?

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 84:

nolo tibi ullum commodum in me claudier,

id. And. 3, 3, 41; cf.

I. A. 2. supra.—Esp. of speech and rhythm: qui non claudunt numeris sententias,

Cic. Or. 68, 229; 58, 198:

pedibus verba,

i. e. to compose verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28; cf. id. ib. 1, 10, 59:

quod clausae hieme Alpes essent,

Liv. 27, 36, 4; cf. Verg. G. 2, 317: rura gelu tum claudit hiems (and id. A. 2, 111: illos aspera ponti interclusit hiems).—Hence, P.a. as subst.: clausum ( clūsum), i, n., an enclosed place (for confining or keeping any thing):

clausa effringere,

Sall. J. 12, 5:

in clauso linquere,

in confinement, Verg. G. 4, 303:

fructus clauso custodire,

Col. 12, praef. §

3: sub uno clauso,

id. 7, 6, 5:

clausa domorum,

Lucr. 1, 354:

clausa viarum,

id. 4, 612.

claudo, ĕre, v. claudeo.

gŭbernācŭlum ( poet. contr. gŭ-bernāclum, Lucr. 4, 904; Verg. A. 5, 176; 859; 6, 349 al.), i, n. [guberno], a helm, rudder (cf. clavus).

Lit.:

hominis, non sapientis inventa sunt navigia, additis a tergo gubernaculis, quae huc atque illuc cursum navigii torqueant: exemplum a piscibus tractum, qui cauda reguntur, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 90; cf.:

piscium meatus gubernaculi modo regunt (caudae),

Plin. 11, 50, 111, § 264:

ut cruribus velut gubernaculis demissis cursum dirigeret,

Front. 3, 13, 6:

hic ille naufragus ad gubernaculum accessit, et navi, quoad potuit, est opitulatus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

ipse gubernaclo rector subit, ipse magister,

Verg. A. 5, 176.—

Transf., guidance, direction; esp. of the state, government (usually in plur.):

clavum tanti imperii tenere et gubernacula rei publicae tractare,

Cic. Sest. 9, 20; cf.:

qui ad gubernacula rei publicae sedere debebant,

id. Rosc. Am. 18, 51:

repelli a gubernaculis civitatum,

id. de Or. 1, 11, 46:

recedere a gubernaculis,

id. Fam. 16, 27, 1:

ad gubernacula rei publicae accedere,

Liv. 4, 3, 17: quis ad gubernacula sedeat summa cura [p. 831] providendum, id. 24, 8, 13:

abicere gubernacula imperii,

Val. Max. 7, 6, 1:

transferre ad aliquem fortunarum suarum gubernacula,

Nazar. Pan. Const. 27, 2:

temperare gubernacula vitae,

Plin. 11, 37, 88, § 219.—In sing.:

(rare) exercitus non habilis gubernaculo,

Vell. 2, 113, 2:

gubernaculum rei publicae tenere,

Lact. 1, 1, 14.