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121 dado

adj.

given.

m.

1 dice, die.

2 threading die.

3 dado, die.

past part.

past participle of spanish verb: dar.

* * *

dado

► nombre masculino

1 (para jugar) die

2 TÉCNICA block

3 ARQUITECTURA dado

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

cargar los dados to load the dice

echar los dados to throw the dice

————————

dado

► participio pasado

1→ link=dar dar

► adjetivo

1 given

■ en un momento dado at a given moment, at a certain point

■ dada la base y la altura, hallar la superficie given the base and the height, find the area

2 (en vista de) in view of

■ dada su experiencia in view of his experience

3 (hora) past

■ son las cinco dadas it's past five o'clock

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

dado que since, as, given that

■ dado que llueve no saldremos as it's raining we won't go out

ir dado,-a to be in for trouble

■ vas dado si crees que te esperaré if you think I'm going to wait for you, you've got another think coming

ser dado,-a a to be keen on, be fond of

■ mi tío es muy dado a las hierbas medicinales my uncle is very fond of medicinal herbs

* * *
1. noun m.
dice
2. (f. - dada)
adj.

given

* * *
I
SM

1) [en juegos] die
pl dados dice
echó o tiró los dados — he threw the dice

jugar a los dados — to play dice

2) (Arquit) dado

3) (Mec) block
II
ADJ

1) (=determinado)

en un caso dado — in a given case

dada su corta edad — in view of his youth

dadas estas circunstancias — in view of o given these circumstances

2)

ser dado a algo — to be given to sth

es muy dado a discutir — he is much given to arguing

3)

ir dado * —

si crees que te voy a pagar las vacaciones, vas dado — if you think I'm going to pay for your holidays, you've another think coming!

4)

dado que — + subjun provided that, so long as; + indic given that

* * *
I
- da adjetivo

1) ( determinado) given

en un momento/punto dado — at a given moment/point

2) (como conj) given

dadas las circunstancias — given o in view of the circumstances

dado que — (frml) in view of the fact that (frml), given that

3) [ser] ( proclive)

dado a algo/+ inf — given to something/-ing

4) (RPl) (abierto, extrovertido) outgoing
II
masculino

1)

a) (Jueg) dice, die (frml)

echar or tirar los dados — to throw the dice

jugar a los dados — to play dice

b) ( cubo)

cortar el queso en dados — cut the cheese into cubes

zanahoria cortada en daditos — diced carrot

2) (Arquit) dado

* * *
I
- da adjetivo

1) ( determinado) given

en un momento/punto dado — at a given moment/point

2) (como conj) given

dadas las circunstancias — given o in view of the circumstances

dado que — (frml) in view of the fact that (frml), given that

3) [ser] ( proclive)

dado a algo/+ inf — given to something/-ing

4) (RPl) (abierto, extrovertido) outgoing
II
masculino

1)

a) (Jueg) dice, die (frml)

echar or tirar los dados — to throw the dice

jugar a los dados — to play dice

b) ( cubo)

cortar el queso en dados — cut the cheese into cubes

zanahoria cortada en daditos — diced carrot

2) (Arquit) dado

* * *

dado¹

¹ = given.

Ex: The notation for any given geographical division varies between classes and between different parts of the same classes.

* dada la situación = in the circumstances.

* dadas las circunstancias = in the circumstances, under the circumstances.

* dado a recluirse = reclusive.

* dado a recortar presupuestos = budget-cutting.

* dado de baja = written-off.

* dado por hecho = foregone.

* dado por muerto = presumed dead.

* dado que = seeing that/as, on account of.

* en un momento dado = at any given moment, at a given point in time, at a given moment in time, at a given moment.

* ponencia dada por invitado especial = key paper.

* ser dado a = be amenable to, be apt to.

* solución dada = cut-and-dried solution.

* * *

dado¹ -da

adjective

A (determinado) given

en un momento/punto dado at a given moment/point

B

1 ( como conj) given

dadas las circunstancias given o in view of the circumstances

dado un círculo de cinco centímetros de radio given a circle with a radius of five centimeters

no es extraño que no haya podido resolverlo, dada la complejidad del caso it's not surprising he hasn't been able to resolve it, given o considering the complexity of the case

2

dado que ( frml); in view of the fact that ( frml), given that, since

C [ SER] (proclive) dado A algo given TO sth

los vecinos son muy dados al chismorreo the neighbors tend to gossip a lot, the neighbors are very fond of o are given to gossiping

en este país la gente es muy dada a criticar in this country people are inclined to be o tend to be critical o are given to criticizing

ir dado ( Esp fam): como sigas sin estudiar vas dado if you don't start studying, you'll be in trouble ( colloq)

si pretendes que pague yo, vas dado if you think I'm going to pay, you've got another think coming ( colloq)

D ( RPl) (abierto, extrovertido) outgoing

dado²

masculine

A

1 ( Jueg) dice, die ( frml)

echar or tirar los dados to throw the dice

jugar a los dados to play dice

los dados estaban cargados the dice were loaded

2

(cubo): cortar el queso en dados cut the cheese into cubes

zanahoria cortada en daditos diced carrot

B ( Arquit) dado

C ( Fil) given

* * *

Del verbo dar: ( conjugate dar)

dado es:

el participio

Multiple Entries:
dado
dar
dado 1
◊ -da adjetivo

1 ( determinado) given;
◊ en un momento dado at a given moment

2 ( como conj) given;
◊ dadas las circunstancias given o in view of the circumstances;

dado que given that
3 [ser] ( proclive) dado a algo/hacer algo given to sth/doing sth
dado 2 sustantivo masculino
1 (Jueg) dice, die (frml);
◊ jugar a los dados to play dice

2 (Arquit) dado
dar ( conjugate dar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( entregar) to give;

◊ dale las llaves a Pedro give the keys to Pedro;

déme un kilo de peras can I have a kilo of pears?;
See Also→ conocer verbo transitivo 3 b, entender verbo transitivo
b) ‹cartas/mano› to give

2
a) (donar, regalar) ‹sangre/limosna› to give;

◊ me dio su reloj she gave me her watch

b) ( proporcionar) ‹fuerzas/valor/esperanza› to give;

‹información/idea› to give
3
a) (conferir, aportar) ‹sabor/color/forma› to give

b) ( aplicar) ‹mano de pintura/barniz› to give

c) ‹sedante/masaje› to give

4 ( conceder) ‹prórroga/permiso› to give;
◊ el dentista me dio hora para el miércoles I have an appointment with the dentist on Wednesday;

nos dieron un premio we won o got a prize
5
a) (expresar, decir) ‹parecer/opinón› to give;

◊ ¿le diste las gracias? did you thank him?, did you say thank you?;

dales saludos give/send them my regards;
tuve que dadole la noticia I was the one who had to break the news to him
b) (señalar, indicar): me da ocupado or (Esp) comunicando the line's busy o (BrE) engaged;

◊ el reloj dio las cinco the clock struck five

1
a) ( producir) ‹fruto/flor› to bear;

‹ dividendos› to pay;
◊ un negocio que da mucho dinero a business which makes a lot of money

b) (AmL) ( alcanzar hasta):

◊ da 150 kilómetros por hora it can do o go 150 kilometres an hour;

venía a todo lo que daba it was travelling at full speed;
ponen la radio a todo lo que da they turn the radio on full blast
2 (causar, provocar) ‹placer/susto› to give;
‹ problemas› to cause;
◊ dado trabajo to be hard work;

el calor le dio sueño/sed the heat made him sleepy/thirsty
1 ( presentar) ‹ concierto› to give;
◊ ¿qué dan esta noche en la tele? what's on TV tonight? (colloq);

¿dónde están dando esa película? where's that film showing?
2
a) ‹fiesta/conferencia› to give;

‹baile/banquete› to hold;
‹ discurso› (AmL) to make
b) (CS) ‹ examen› to take o (BrE) sit;

ver tb clase 4
( realizar la accion que se indica) ‹ grito› to give;
◊ dado un paso atrás to take a step back;

dame un beso give me a kiss;
ver tb golpe, paseo, vuelta, etc
( considerar) dado algo/a algn por algo:
◊ lo dieron por muerto they gave him up for dead;

ese tema lo doy por sabido I'm assuming you've already covered that topic;
¡dalo por hecho! consider it done!
verbo intransitivo
1
◊ dar a [ puerta] to give onto, open onto;

[ventana/balcón] to look onto, give onto;
[fachada/frente] to face
2 (ser suficiente, alcanzar) dado para algo/algn to be enough for sth/sb;
◊ no me dio (el) tiempo I didn't have time;

dado de sí ‹zapatos/jersey› to stretch
3 ( arrojar un resultado):
◊ el análisis le dio positivo her test was positive;

¿cuánto da la cuenta? what does it come to?;
a mí me dio 247 I made it (to be) 247
4 ( importar):
◊ da lo mismo it doesn't matter;

¡qué más da! what does it matter!;
¿qué más da? what difference does it make?;
me da igual I don't mind
5 ( en naipes) to deal
1
a) (pegar, golpear): dadole a algn to hit sb;

( como castigo) to smack sb;
◊ dale al balón kick the ball;

el balón dio en el poste the ball hit the post
b) ( acertar) to hit;

◊ dado en el blanco to hit the target

2 (accionar, mover) dadole a algo ‹a botón/tecla› to press sth;
‹ a interruptor› to flick sth;
‹a manivela/volante› to turn sth
3
◊ dar con ( encontrar) ‹ persona› to find;

‹ solución› to hit upon, find;
‹ palabra› to come up with
4 (hablando de manías, ocurrencias) dadole a algn por hacer algo ‹por pintar/cocinar› to take to doing sth;
◊ le ha dado por decir que … he's started saying that …

5 [sol/luz]:
◊ aquí da el sol toda la mañana you get the sun all morning here;

la luz le daba de lleno en los ojos the light was shining right in his eyes
darse verbo pronominal
1 ( producirse) [fruta/trigo] to grow
2 ( presentarse) [oportunidad/ocasión] to arise
3 ( resultar) (+ me/te/le etc):
◊ se le dan los idiomas she's good at languages

a) ( refl) ( realizar lo que se indica) ‹ducha/banquete› to have;

◊ dárselas de algo: se las da de valiente/de que sabe mucho he likes to make out he's brave/he knows a lot;

dárselas de listo to act smart
b) (golpearse, pegarse):

◊ se dio con el martillo en el dedo he hit his finger with the hammer;

se dieron contra un árbol they crashed into a tree;
se dio dado un golpe en la rodilla he hit his knee
( considerarse) dadose por algo:
◊ con eso me dadoía por satisfecha I'd be quite happy with that;

ver tb aludir a, enterado 1
dado,-a 1 adjetivo given
en un momento dado, at a certain point
♦ Locuciones: dado que, since, given that
ser dado a, (aficionado, propenso) to be given to: no es muy dado a contar batallitas, he is not really given to storytelling
dado 2 sustantivo masculino
1 frml die (pl dice)
2 (juego) dice (pl dice): se pasó la noche jugando a los dados, he spent the night playing dice
dar
I verbo transitivo
1 to give: dame la mano, hold my hand
2 (conceder) to give: mi padre me dio permiso, my father gave me permission
le doy toda la razón, I think he is quite right
3 (transmitir una noticia) to tell
(un recado, recuerdos) to pass on, give
dar las gracias, to thank
4 (retransmitir u ofrecer un espectáculo) to show, put on
5 (organizar una fiesta) to throw, give
6 (producir lana, miel, etc) to produce, yield
(fruto, flores) to bear
(beneficio, interés) to give, yield
7 (causar un dolor, malestar) dar dolor de cabeza, to give a headache
(un sentimiento) dar pena, to make sad
le da mucha vergüenza, he's very embarrassed
8 (proporcionar) to provide: su empresa da trabajo a cincuenta personas, his factory gives work to fifty people
9 (una conferencia, charla) to give
(impartir clases) to teach
(recibir una clase) to have
US to take
10 (presentir) me da (en la nariz/en el corazón) que eso va a salir bien, I have a feeling that everything is going to turn out well
11 (estropear) to ruin: me dio la noche con sus ronquidos, he spoilt my sleep with his snoring
12 (abrir el paso de la luz) to switch on
(del gas, agua) to turn on
13 (propinar una bofetada, un puntapié, etc) to hit, give
14 (aplicar una mano de pintura, cera) to apply, put on
(un masaje, medicamento) to give
15 (considerar) dar por, to assume, consider: lo dieron por muerto, he was given up for dead
ese dinero lo puedes dar por perdido, you can consider that money lost
dar por supuesto/sabido, to take for granted, to assume
16 (la hora, un reloj) to strike: aún no habían dado las ocho, it was not yet past eight o'clock
17 (realizar la acción que implica el objeto) dar un abrazo/susto, to give a hug/fright
dar un paseo, to go for a walk
dar una voz, to give a shout
II verbo intransitivo
1 (sobrevenir) le dio un ataque de nervios, she had an attack of hysterics
2 dar de comer/cenar, to provide with lunch/dinner 3 dar a, (mirar, estar orientado a) to look out onto, to overlook
(una puerta) to open onto, lead to: esa puerta da al jardín, this door leads out onto the garden 4 dar con, (una persona, objeto) to come across: no fuimos capaces de dar con la contraseña, we couldn't come up with the password
dimos con él, we found him 5 dar de sí, (una camiseta, bañador) to stretch, give 6 dar en, to hit: el sol me daba en los ojos, the sun was (shining) in my eyes 7 dar para, to be enough o sufficient for: ese dinero no me da para nada, this money isn't enough for me
♦ Locuciones: dar a alguien por: le dio por ponerse a cantar, she decided to start singing
le dio por nadar, he got it into his head to go swimming
dar a entender a alguien que..., to make sb understand that...
dar la mano a alguien, to shake hands with sb
dar para: el presupuesto no da para más, the budget will not stretch any further
dar que hablar, to set people talking
dar que pensar: el suceso dio que pensar, the incident gave people food for thought
dar a conocer, (noticia) to release
' dado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
anda
- bebida
- cabezazo
- calendario
- como quiera
- comoquiera
- coscorrón
- cuscurro
- dar
- dada
- devolución
- dialéctica
- encargo
- excarcelar
- excedencia
- giro
- golpetazo
- humanizar
- meneo
- mollera
- momento
- muerdo
- negativa
- negativo
- Nobel
- paliza
- retoque
- tralla
- baja
- calambre
- cambio
- desmedido
- disgusto
- manía
English:
censor
- fright
- giggly
- given
- jump
- publicity
- stroke
- take back
- view
- cube
- dice
- die
- honorable
- name
- onto
- reclusive
- unaccounted for
- weal
- wear

* * *

dado¹, -a

♦ adj

1. [concreto, determinado] given;

en un momento dado [en el tiempo] at a certain o given point

2. [teniendo en cuenta] given, in view of;
Mat [en problemas, ejercicios] given;
dadas las circunstancias, me veo obligada a dimitir in view of the circumstances, I am forced to resign;

dada su edad in view of o given his age;
Mat
dado un punto A en el eje X… given a point A on axis X…

3.
ser dado a [ser proclive a] to be inclined o given to;

los niños son muy dados a inventar historias children are always making up stories;

es muy dado a viajar he's a keen traveller;

somos dados a la conversación we chat a lot

4. RP
ser muy dado [extrovertido] to be very outgoing

5. Comp
Esp Fam
ir dado: vas dado si crees que te voy a ayudar if you think I'm going to help you, you can think again;

con el nuevo jefe vamos dados we're in for it with this new boss;

voy dado como no me eches una mano if you don't give me a hand, I've had it

♦ dado que loc conj

since, seeing as;

dado que somos tan pocos, se suspende la reunión seeing as there are so few of us here, the meeting is adjourned

dado² nm

1. [para jugar] dice, die;

echar o [m5] lanzar o [m5] tirar los dados to throw the dice;

jugar a los dados to play dice

2. [de comida] cube;

cortar en dados [patatas, zanahorias] to dice;

una vez tostado el pan, córtelo en dados once the bread is toasted, cut it into cubes

3. Arquit dado

* * *

dado

1 m dice;

jugar a los dados play dice

dado

2

I part → dar

II adj given;

ser dado a algo be given to sth

III conj

:

dado que since, given that

IV prp given

* * *

dado, -da adj

1) : given

2)

dado que : given that, since

* * *

dado n dice [pl. dice]

Spanish-English dictionary > dado
122 BIOS

['baios] n. shkurtesë nga b asic i nput o utput s ystem ( BIOS) sistemi themelor për hyrje-dalje ( informatikë)

What is BIOS?

BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input/Output System. It is the boot firmware program on a PC, and controls the computer from the time you start it up until the operating system takes over. When you turn on a PC, the BIOS first conducts a basic hardware check, called a Power-On Self Test (POST), to determine whether all of the attachments are present and working. Then it loads the operating system into your computer's random access memory, or RAM.

The BIOS also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices such as the hard disk, video card, keyboard, mouse, and printer.

The BIOS stores the date, the time, and your system configuration information in a battery-powered, non-volatile memory chip, called a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) after its manufacturing process.

Although the BIOS is standardized and should rarely require updating, some older BIOS chips may not accommodate new hardware devices. Before the early 1990s, you couldn't update the BIOS without removing and replacing its ROM chip. Contemporary BIOS resides on memory chips such as flash chips or EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), so that you can update the BIOS yourself if necessary.

For detailed information about BIOS updates, visit:

What is firmware?

Firmware consists of programs installed semi-permanently into memory, using various types of programmable ROM chips, such as PROMS, EPROMs, EEPROMs, and flash chips.

Firmware is non-volatile, and will remain in memory after you turn the system off.

Often, the term firmware is used to refer specifically to boot firmware, which controls a computer from the time that it is turned on until the primary operating system has taken over. Boot firmware's main function is to initialize the hardware and then to boot (load and execute) the primary operating system. On PCs, the boot firmware is usually referred to as the BIOS.

What is the difference between memory and disk storage?

Memory and disk storage both refer to internal storage space in a computer.

The term memory usually means RAM (Random Access Memory). To refer to hard drive storage, the terms disk space or storage are usually used.

Typically, computers have much less memory than disk space, because RAM is much more expensive per megabyte than a hard disk. Today, a typical desktop computer might come with 512MB of RAM, and a 40 gigabyte hard disk.

Virtual memory is disk space that has been designated to act like RAM.

Computers also contain a small amount of ROM, or read-only memory, containing permanent or semi-permanent (firmware) instructions for checking hardware and starting up the computer. On a PC, this is called the BIOS.

What is RAM?

RAM stands for Random Access Memory. RAM provides space for your computer to read and write data to be accessed by the CPU (central processing unit). When people refer to a computer's memory, they usually mean its RAM.

New computers typically come with at least 256 megabytes (MB) of RAM installed, and can be upgraded to 512MB or even a gigabyte or more.

If you add more RAM to your computer, you reduce the number of times your CPU must read data from your hard disk. This usually allows your computer to work considerably faster, as RAM is many times faster than a hard disk.

RAM is volatile, so data stored in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. As soon as you turn the computer off, the data stored in RAM disappears.

When you turn your computer on again, your computer's boot firmware (called BIOS on a PC) uses instructions stored semi-permanently in ROM chips to read your operating system and related files from the disk and load them back into RAM.

Note: On a PC, different parts of RAM may be more or less easily accessible to programs. For example, cache RAM is made up of very high-speed RAM chips which sit between the CPU and main RAM, storing (i.e., caching) memory accesses by the CPU. Cache RAM helps to alleviate the gap between the speed of a CPU's megahertz rating and the ability of RAM to respond and deliver data. It reduces how often the CPU must wait for data from main memory.

What is ROM?

ROM is an acronym for Read-Only Memory. It refers to computer memory chips containing permanent or semi-permanent data. Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile; even after you turn off your computer, the contents of ROM will remain.

Almost every computer comes with a small amount of ROM containing the boot firmware. This consists of a few kilobytes of code that tell the computer what to do when it starts up, e.g., running hardware diagnostics and loading the operating system into RAM. On a PC, the boot firmware is called the BIOS.

Originally, ROM was actually read-only. To update the programs in ROM, you had to remove and physically replace your ROM chips. Contemporary versions of ROM allow some limited rewriting, so you can usually upgrade firmware such as the BIOS by using installation software. Rewritable ROM chips include PROMs (programmable read-only memory), EPROMs (erasable read-only memory), EEPROMs (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), and a common variation of EEPROMs called flash memory.

What is an ACPI BIOS?

ACPI is an acronym that stands for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, a power management specification developed by Intel, Microsoft, and Toshiba. ACPI support is built into Windows 98 and later operating systems. ACPI is designed to allow the operating system to control the amount of power provided to each device or peripheral attached to the computer system. This provides much more stable and efficient power management and makes it possible for the operating system to turn off selected devices, such as a monitor or CD-ROM drive, when they are not in use.

ACPI should help eliminate computer lockup on entering power saving or sleep mode. This will allow for improved power management, especially in portable computer systems where reducing power consumption is critical for extending battery life. ACPI also allows for the computer to be turned on and off by external devices, so that the touch of a mouse or the press of a key will "wake up" the computer. This new feature of ACPI, called OnNow, allows a computer to enter a sleep mode that uses very little power.

In addition to providing power management, ACPI also evolves the existing Plug and Play BIOS (PnP BIOS) to make adding and configuring new hardware devices easier. This includes support for legacy non-PnP devices and improved support for combining older devices with ACPI hardware, allowing both to work in a more efficient manner in the same computer system. The end result of this is to make the BIOS more PnP compatible.

What is CMOS?

CMOS, short for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, is a low-power, low-heat semiconductor technology used in contemporary microchips, especially useful for battery-powered devices. The specific technology is explained in detail at:

http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci213860,00.html

Most commonly, though, the term CMOS is used to refer to small battery-powered configuration chips on system boards of personal computers, where the BIOS stores the date, the time, and system configuration details.

How do I enter the Setup program in my BIOS?

Warning: Your BIOS Setup program is very powerful. An incorrect setting could cause your computer not to boot properly. You should make sure you understand what a setting does before you change it.

You can usually run Setup by pressing a special function key or key combination soon after turning on the computer, during its power-on self test (POST), before the operating system loads (or before the operating system's splash screen shows). During POST, the BIOS usually displays a prompt such as:

Press F2 to enter Setup

Many newer computers display a brief screen, usually black and white, with the computer manufacturer's logo during POST.

Entering the designated keystroke will take you into the BIOS Setup. Common keystrokes to enter the BIOS Setup are F1, F2, F10, and Del.

On some computers, such as some Gateway or Compaq computers, graphics appear during the POST, and the BIOS information is hidden. You must press Esc to make these graphics disappear. Your monitor will then display the correct keystroke to enter.

Note: If you press the key too early or too often, the BIOS may display an error message. To avoid this, wait about five seconds after turning the power on, and then press the key once or twice.

What's the difference between BIOS and CMOS?

Many people use the terms BIOS (basic input/output system) and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) to refer to the same thing. Though they are related, they are distinct and separate components of a computer. The BIOS is the program that starts a computer up, and the CMOS is where the BIOS stores the date, time, and system configuration details it needs to start the computer.

The BIOS is a small program that controls the computer from the time it powers on until the time the operating system takes over. The BIOS is firmware, which means it cannot store variable data.

CMOS is a type of memory technology, but most people use the term to refer to the chip that stores variable data for startup. A computer's BIOS will initialize and control components like the floppy and hard drive controllers and the computer's hardware clock, but the specific parameters for startup and initializing components are stored in the CMOS.

English-Albanian dictionary > BIOS
123 meter

v.

1 to put in.

meter algo/a alguien en algo to put something/somebody in something

meter la llave en la cerradura to get the key into the lock

meter dinero en el banco to put money in the bank

he metido mis ahorros en esa empresa I've put all my savings into this venture

le metieron en la cárcel they put him in prison

meterle ideas a alguien en la cabeza (informal) to put ideas into somebody's head

no consigo meterle en la cabeza (que…) (informal) I can't get it into his head (that…)

2 to give (informal) (asestar).

le metió un puñetazo he gave him a punch

3 to give (informal) (echar, soltar).

meter una bronca a alguien to tell somebody off

me metió un rollo sobre la disciplina militar he gave me this routine about military discipline

4 to take in (prenda, ropa).

meter el bajo de una falda to take up a skirt

5 to score (en deportes) (anotar).

nos metieron dos goles they scored two goals against us

6 to introduce, to get in, to get inside, to stick.

Ella mete la caja She takes the box inside.

7 to cause, to make, to create.

Ese chico mete problemas That boy causes problems.

8 to drive in.

9 to take inside.

* * *

meter

► verbo transitivo

1 (introducir) to put

■ mete esto en el armario put this in the wardrobe

■ lo metieron en la cárcel they put him in prison

■ mete el dinero en el banco put your money in the bank

2 (implicar) to put into (en, -), get into (en, -), involve in (en, -)

■ en buen lío nos has metido you've got us into a real mess

■ tú me metiste en este asunto you got me involved in this business

3 familiar (dar) to give

■ menudo susto que nos metió he gave us a real fright

■ nos metió una bofetada por hablar he gave us a slap for talking

■ ya le has metido miedo al niño now you've frightened the baby

■ nos metió un rollo insoportable he bored us to death

■ métele prisa o no llegamos hurry him up or we won't get there on time

4 (hacer) to make

■ no metáis tanto ruido don't be so noisy

5 (ropa - acortar) to take up; (- estrechar) to take in

6 AUTOMÓVIL (marcha) to put into

■ mete primera put it into first

7 DEPORTE to score

■ metieron dos goles they scored two goals

► verbo pronominal meterse

1 (introducirse en) to get in

■ métete dentro get in

■ se metió en el coche rápidamente he got quickly into the car, he jumped into the car

■ se metió en la cama he got into bed

2 (tomar parte - negocio) to go into (en, -); (involucrarse en) to get involved (en, in/with), get mixed up (en, in/with)

■ se ha metido en un negocio de compraventa she's gone into buying and selling

■ se ha metido en una secta she's got mixed up with a sect

3 (introducirse) to get involved (en, in)

■ se ha metido en la especulación del terreno he's got involved in property speculation

■ se ha metido en el Ayuntamiento now he's on the council

■ siempre te estás metiendo donde no te llaman you're always sticking your nose in where you're not wanted

■ me metí totalmente en el papel I got completely into in the role

■ se mete a fondo en todo lo que hace he throws himself into everything he does

■ nos vamos a meter en la compra de un piso we're going to take the plunge and buy a flat

4 (ir) to go

■ ¿dónde se habrá metido? where can he have got to?

5 (provocar) to pick ( con, on)

■ no te metas con él que es más fuerte que tú don't pick on him, he's stronger than you

6 (dedicarse) to go (en, into)

■ quiere meterse en política he wants to go into politics

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a todo meter at full blast

meterse alguien donde no le llaman to poke one's nose into others' affairs

meterse alguien en lo que no le importa to stick one's nose into others' business

meterse en todo to be a meddler, stick one's nose into everything

no meterse en nada not to get involved

¡métetelo donde te quepa! tabú you can stuff it!

* * *

verb

1) to put (in)

2) insert, introduce

3) place

4) cause

5) make

•

- meter prisa
- meterse
- meterse a
- meterse con
* * *

1. VT

1) (=poner, introducir) to put

¿dónde has metido las llaves? — where have you put the keys?

metió el palo por el aro — she stuck o put the stick through the ring

mete las hamacas que está lloviendo — bring the hammocks in, it's raining

• meter algo en algo — to put sth in(to) sth

metió la mano en el bolsillo — she put her hand in(to) her pocket

metió el dedo en la sopa — he dipped o put his finger in the soup

tienes que meter la pieza en su sitio — you have to fit o put the part in the correct place

consiguió meter toda la ropa en la maleta — she managed to get o fit all the clothes in(to) the suitcase

meter dinero en el banco — to put money in the bank

¿quién le metió esas ideas en la cabeza? — who gave him those ideas?

- a todo meter

está lloviendo a todo meter — it's pelting with rain, it's pelting down

le están dando antibióticos a todo meter — he's being stuffed with antibiotics *

2) (Dep) to score

meter un gol — to score a goal

3) (Cos) [para estrechar] to take in; [para acortar] to take up

métele la falda que le queda larga — take her skirt up a bit, it's too long

4) (Aut) [+ marcha] to go into

mete primera — go into first gear

¡mete el acelerador! — put your foot down!

5) (=internar)

meter a algn en la cárcel — to put sb in prison

lo metieron en un colegio privado — they put him in o sent him to a private school

6) [en una profesión]

lo metieron a trabajar en el banco — they got him a job in a bank

metieron a su hija (a) monja — they sent their daughter to a convent

lo metieron a o de fontanero — they apprenticed him to a plumber

7) (=implicar)

meter a algn en algo — to get sb involved in sth

él me metió en el negocio — he got me involved in the business

tú me metiste en este lío — you got me into this mess

no metas a mi madre en esto — don't drag o bring my mother into this

Luis metió a Fernando en muchos disgustos — Luis let Fernando in for a lot of trouble

8) (=ocasionar)

• meter miedo a algn — to scare o frighten sb

• meter prisa a algn — to hurry sb, make sb get a move on

tenemos que meterle prisa a Adela — we need to hurry Adela, we need to make Adela get a move on

¡no me metas prisa! — don't rush me!

• meter ruido — to make a noise

• meter un susto a algn — to give sb a fright

9) * (=dar)

le metieron un golpe en la cabeza — they hit him on the head

le metió una torta delante de todos — she hit him in front of everyone

10) * (=endosar)

me han metido dos billetes falsos — they gave me two false banknotes

me metieron una multa por no llevar puesto el cinturón — I was fined for not wearing a seat belt

nos metió un rollo inacabable — he went on and on for ages

le metieron cinco años de cárcel — they gave him five years in prison

nos van a meter más trabajo — they're going to lumber us with more work

11) * (=aplicar)

me metió la maquinilla y me peló al cero — he took the clippers to me and shaved all my hair off

le quedaba largo el traje y le metió las tijeras — her dress was too long, so she took the scissors to it

12) * (=hacer entender)

no hay quien le meta que aquello era mentira — nobody seems able to make him understand that it was a lie, nobody is able to get it into his head that it was a lie

13)

meterlas — And ** to beat it *

2.

See:

meterse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) (introducir, poner) to put

meter algo en algo — to put something in(to) something

meter la llave en la cerradura — to put the key into the lock

quiero meter todo esto en un folio — I want to fit all of this onto one sheet

no le metas esas ideas en la cabeza — don't put ideas like that into her head

b) ( hacer entrar)

meter a alguien en algo: puedo meter cuatro personas en mi coche I can get o fit four people in my car; lo metieron en la cárcel they put him in prison; lo metió interno en un colegio she sent him to (a) boarding school; consiguió meterlo en la empresa she managed to get him a job in the company; meter a alguien de algo: lo metieron de aprendiz — they got him a job as an apprentice

c) ( involucrar)

meter a alguien en algo — to involve somebody in something, get somebody involved in something

2)

a) ( invertir) to put

b) <tanto/gol> to score

c) ( en costura) < dobladillo> to turn up

métele un poco en las costuras — take it in a bit at the seams

meterle tijera/sierra a algo — to set to with the scissors/saw on something

d) (Auto) < cambio>

mete (la) tercera — put it into third (gear)

meter la marcha atrás — to get into reverse

3)

a) (provocar, crear)

no metas ruido — keep the noise down

meterle miedo a alguien — to frighten o scare somebody

nos están metiendo prisa — we're under a lot of pressure to do things faster

a todo meter — (fam) <conducir/correr/estudiar> flat out

meterle — (AmL) to get a move on (colloq)

le metimos con todo — we did our utmost

b) (fam) (encajar, endilgar)

me metieron una multa — I got a ticket (colloq)

nos metió una de sus historias — she spun us one of her yarns

c) (Col arg) < cocaína> to snort (sl); < marihuana> to smoke
2.
meter vi (Col arg) ( consumir marihuana) to smoke (dope)
3.
meterse v pron

1)

a) ( entrar)

meterse en algo: me metí en el agua ( en la playa) I went into the water; ( en la piscina) I got into the water; nos metimos en un museo we went into a museum; se metió en la cama he got into bed; no sabía dónde meterse de la vergüenza she was so embarrassed she didn't know what to do with herself; ¿dónde se habrá metido el perro? where can the dog have got to?; (+ me/te/le etc) se me metió algo en el ojo — I got something in my eye

b) ( introducirse)

meterse en algo: me metí el dedo en el ojo I stuck my finger in my eye; se metió el dinero en el bolsillo he put the money in(to) his pocket; que se lo meta ahí mismo! or que se lo meta por dónde le quepa! (vulg) she can stuff it! (sl); ya sabes dónde te lo puedes meter — (vulg) you know where you can stuff it (vulg)

c) (fam) <comida/bebida> to put away (colloq)

d) (Ven arg) < cocaína> to snort (sl); < marihuana> to smoke

2)

a) ( en trabajo)

se metió de secretaria — she got a job as a secretary

meterse de or a cura/monja — to become a priest/nun

b) ( involucrarse)

meterse en algo — to get involved in something

te has metido en un buen lío — you've got yourself into a fine mess

se ha metido en un asunto muy turbio — she's got(ten) involved in a very shady affair

no podemos meternos en más gastos — we cannot take on anymore financial commitments

c) ( entrometerse) to get involved

no te metas en lo que no te importa — mind your own business

ella empezó a meterse por medio — she started interfering

meterse con alguien — (fam) to pick on somebody

meterse donde no lo llaman — to poke one's nose into other people's business (colloq)

no te metas donde no te llaman! — mind your own business!

* * *

= pack up, embroil, sandwich, dip, shove, bung + Nombe + in, put in, take in.

Nota: Usado principalmente para la ropa.

Ex. Unless the distance was short, the books travelled in sheets, unbound, packed up in chests or barrels.

Ex. By the time the weeding was finished in Nov 86, the Society had become embroiled in a major controversy over the handling of this project.

Ex. The paper that is to be examined is simply sandwiched between a sheet of Perspex impregnated with carbon-14 and an unexposed photographic film, and left in the dark for a few hours.

Ex. Two sheets were made each time the two-sheet mould was dipped by the maker into the vat, and they were turned out together on to a single felt by the coucher.

Ex. Meanwhile the journeymen, who had just gone to bed, hearing the row quickly got up again, came downstairs and then shoved me out of the door.

Ex. Instead of bunging it in the washing machine, clean it carefully by hand using lukewarm water.

Ex. For those of you who are not familiar with OCLC and the way we work the data base is not a vast receptacle into which we throw any kind of record that anybody wants to put in.

Ex. Don't worry about it being too loose around your waist, have a someone take the shirt in where it is too baggy.

----

* a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed, at full throttle.

* avanzar a todo meter = go + full steam ahead.

* ¡En qué lío cada vez más complicado nos metemos al mentir! = O what a tangled web we weave when first we practise to deceive!.

* meter a Alguien de lleno en lo más difícil = throw in + at the deep end.

* meter a Alguien en la cárcel = put + Nombre + behind bars.

* meter a la fuerza de un modo desordenado = stuff.

* meter a presión = wedge.

* meter bulla = make + a racket, hurry up, rush, rattle + Posesivo + dags, get + a wiggle on, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row, get + a move on.

* meter cisco = make + trouble.

* meter con dificultad = squeeze in/into.

* meter con un calzador = shoehorn.

* meter de ancho = take in.

* meter de largo = take up.

* meter el dobladillo = hem.

* meter el estómago = hold + Posesivo + stomach in.

* meter el lobo en el redil = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.

* meter en = cram into.

* meter en bolsas = bag.

* meter en ceja y ceja = get it into + Posesivo + head.

* meter en la cabeza = get it into + Posesivo + head.

* meter en la cárcel = imprison, jail [gaol, -UK].

* meter en la mollera = get it into + Posesivo + head.

* meter en una jaula = cage.

* meter la nariz en = snoop about/(a)round/into/in.

* meter la pata = bark up + the wrong tree, be caught out, put + Posesivo + foot in it, put + Posesivo + foot in + Posesivo + mouth, shoot + Reflexivo + in the foot, stick + Posesivo + foot in it, screw up, make + a bloomer, slip up, make + a blunder, drop + a clanger, drop + a bollock, blunder.

* meter las manos en todos = have + a finger in every pie.

* meter las narices en = snoop about/(a)round/into/in, poke about/(a)round/into/in, nose about/(a)round/into/in, pry (into).

* meterle caña a = get + stuck into.

* meterle mano a = get + stuck into.

* meter mano = grope.

* meter miedo = frighten, scare.

* meter presionando = snap into.

* meter preso = imprison.

* meter prisa = hustle.

* meterse = meddle (in/with), lodge, get + Posesivo + feet wet.

* meterse + Algo = slip + Nombre + on.

* meterse con = needle, pick on, tease, twit, taunt, jeer, lam, have + a go at, roast, give + Nombre + a good roasting.

* meterse de lleno en = get + Posesivo + teeth into.

* meterse de lleno en lo más difícil = swim in + the deep end, jump in at + the deep end.

* meterse de lleno en lo más difícil = plunge in at + the deep end.

* meterse el dedo en la nariz = pick + Posesivo + nose.

* meterse en = get into, step into.

* meterse en el juego = get in + the game.

* meterse en follones = get into + trouble.

* meterse en la boca del lobo = come into + the lion's den.

* meterse en la vida de Alguien = intrude on + Posesivo + privacy.

* meterse en líos = get into + trouble.

* meterse en los asuntos de = have + a leg in the camp of.

* meterse en + Número + cosas a la vez = have + a foot in + Número + camps.

* meterse en problemas = get into + trouble.

* meterse en todos los fregados = have + a finger in every pie.

* meterse en un aprieto = get into + a predicament.

* meterse en un apuro = get into + a predicament.

* meterse en una situación embarazosa = put + Reflexivo + into + position.

* meterse en un berenjenal = get into + a predicament.

* meterse en un lío = be in trouble, get into + a predicament.

* meterse la camisa = tuck in + Posesivo + shirt.

* meterse mano = snog, pet.

* meter una pifia = drop + a bollock, drop + a clanger, make + a blunder, make + a bloomer, blunder.

* meter un litro en un recipiente de medio = squeeze a quart into a pint pot.

* meter un pifiaso = drop + a bollock, drop + a clanger, make + a blunder, make + a bloomer, blunder.

* no saber dónde meterse de vergüenza = squirm with + embarrassment.

* salir de Guatemala para meterse en Guatapeor = out of the fire and into the frying pan.

* sin meternos en el hecho de que = to say nothing of.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) (introducir, poner) to put

meter algo en algo — to put something in(to) something

meter la llave en la cerradura — to put the key into the lock

quiero meter todo esto en un folio — I want to fit all of this onto one sheet

no le metas esas ideas en la cabeza — don't put ideas like that into her head

b) ( hacer entrar)

meter a alguien en algo: puedo meter cuatro personas en mi coche I can get o fit four people in my car; lo metieron en la cárcel they put him in prison; lo metió interno en un colegio she sent him to (a) boarding school; consiguió meterlo en la empresa she managed to get him a job in the company; meter a alguien de algo: lo metieron de aprendiz — they got him a job as an apprentice

c) ( involucrar)

meter a alguien en algo — to involve somebody in something, get somebody involved in something

2)

a) ( invertir) to put

b) <tanto/gol> to score

c) ( en costura) < dobladillo> to turn up

métele un poco en las costuras — take it in a bit at the seams

meterle tijera/sierra a algo — to set to with the scissors/saw on something

d) (Auto) < cambio>

mete (la) tercera — put it into third (gear)

meter la marcha atrás — to get into reverse

3)

a) (provocar, crear)

no metas ruido — keep the noise down

meterle miedo a alguien — to frighten o scare somebody

nos están metiendo prisa — we're under a lot of pressure to do things faster

a todo meter — (fam) <conducir/correr/estudiar> flat out

meterle — (AmL) to get a move on (colloq)

le metimos con todo — we did our utmost

b) (fam) (encajar, endilgar)

me metieron una multa — I got a ticket (colloq)

nos metió una de sus historias — she spun us one of her yarns

c) (Col arg) < cocaína> to snort (sl); < marihuana> to smoke
2.
meter vi (Col arg) ( consumir marihuana) to smoke (dope)
3.
meterse v pron

1)

a) ( entrar)

meterse en algo: me metí en el agua ( en la playa) I went into the water; ( en la piscina) I got into the water; nos metimos en un museo we went into a museum; se metió en la cama he got into bed; no sabía dónde meterse de la vergüenza she was so embarrassed she didn't know what to do with herself; ¿dónde se habrá metido el perro? where can the dog have got to?; (+ me/te/le etc) se me metió algo en el ojo — I got something in my eye

b) ( introducirse)

meterse en algo: me metí el dedo en el ojo I stuck my finger in my eye; se metió el dinero en el bolsillo he put the money in(to) his pocket; que se lo meta ahí mismo! or que se lo meta por dónde le quepa! (vulg) she can stuff it! (sl); ya sabes dónde te lo puedes meter — (vulg) you know where you can stuff it (vulg)

c) (fam) <comida/bebida> to put away (colloq)

d) (Ven arg) < cocaína> to snort (sl); < marihuana> to smoke

2)

a) ( en trabajo)

se metió de secretaria — she got a job as a secretary

meterse de or a cura/monja — to become a priest/nun

b) ( involucrarse)

meterse en algo — to get involved in something

te has metido en un buen lío — you've got yourself into a fine mess

se ha metido en un asunto muy turbio — she's got(ten) involved in a very shady affair

no podemos meternos en más gastos — we cannot take on anymore financial commitments

c) ( entrometerse) to get involved

no te metas en lo que no te importa — mind your own business

ella empezó a meterse por medio — she started interfering

meterse con alguien — (fam) to pick on somebody

meterse donde no lo llaman — to poke one's nose into other people's business (colloq)

no te metas donde no te llaman! — mind your own business!

* * *

= pack up, embroil, sandwich, dip, shove, bung + Nombe + in, put in, take in.

Nota: Usado principalmente para la ropa.

Ex: Unless the distance was short, the books travelled in sheets, unbound, packed up in chests or barrels.

Ex: By the time the weeding was finished in Nov 86, the Society had become embroiled in a major controversy over the handling of this project.

Ex: The paper that is to be examined is simply sandwiched between a sheet of Perspex impregnated with carbon-14 and an unexposed photographic film, and left in the dark for a few hours.

Ex: Two sheets were made each time the two-sheet mould was dipped by the maker into the vat, and they were turned out together on to a single felt by the coucher.

Ex: Meanwhile the journeymen, who had just gone to bed, hearing the row quickly got up again, came downstairs and then shoved me out of the door.

Ex: Instead of bunging it in the washing machine, clean it carefully by hand using lukewarm water.

Ex: For those of you who are not familiar with OCLC and the way we work the data base is not a vast receptacle into which we throw any kind of record that anybody wants to put in.

Ex: Don't worry about it being too loose around your waist, have a someone take the shirt in where it is too baggy.

* a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed, at full throttle.

* avanzar a todo meter = go + full steam ahead.

* ¡En qué lío cada vez más complicado nos metemos al mentir! = O what a tangled web we weave when first we practise to deceive!.

* meter a Alguien de lleno en lo más difícil = throw in + at the deep end.

* meter a Alguien en la cárcel = put + Nombre + behind bars.

* meter a la fuerza de un modo desordenado = stuff.

* meter a presión = wedge.

* meter bulla = make + a racket, hurry up, rush, rattle + Posesivo + dags, get + a wiggle on, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row, get + a move on.

* meter cisco = make + trouble.

* meter con dificultad = squeeze in/into.

* meter con un calzador = shoehorn.

* meter de ancho = take in.

* meter de largo = take up.

* meter el dobladillo = hem.

* meter el estómago = hold + Posesivo + stomach in.

* meter el lobo en el redil = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.

* meter en = cram into.

* meter en bolsas = bag.

* meter en ceja y ceja = get it into + Posesivo + head.

* meter en la cabeza = get it into + Posesivo + head.

* meter en la cárcel = imprison, jail [gaol, -UK].

* meter en la mollera = get it into + Posesivo + head.

* meter en una jaula = cage.

* meter la nariz en = snoop about/(a)round/into/in.

* meter la pata = bark up + the wrong tree, be caught out, put + Posesivo + foot in it, put + Posesivo + foot in + Posesivo + mouth, shoot + Reflexivo + in the foot, stick + Posesivo + foot in it, screw up, make + a bloomer, slip up, make + a blunder, drop + a clanger, drop + a bollock, blunder.

* meter las manos en todos = have + a finger in every pie.

* meter las narices en = snoop about/(a)round/into/in, poke about/(a)round/into/in, nose about/(a)round/into/in, pry (into).

* meterle caña a = get + stuck into.

* meterle mano a = get + stuck into.

* meter mano = grope.

* meter miedo = frighten, scare.

* meter presionando = snap into.

* meter preso = imprison.

* meter prisa = hustle.

* meterse = meddle (in/with), lodge, get + Posesivo + feet wet.

* meterse + Algo = slip + Nombre + on.

* meterse con = needle, pick on, tease, twit, taunt, jeer, lam, have + a go at, roast, give + Nombre + a good roasting.

* meterse de lleno en = get + Posesivo + teeth into.

* meterse de lleno en lo más difícil = swim in + the deep end, jump in at + the deep end.

* meterse de lleno en lo más difícil = plunge in at + the deep end.

* meterse el dedo en la nariz = pick + Posesivo + nose.

* meterse en = get into, step into.

* meterse en el juego = get in + the game.

* meterse en follones = get into + trouble.

* meterse en la boca del lobo = come into + the lion's den.

* meterse en la vida de Alguien = intrude on + Posesivo + privacy.

* meterse en líos = get into + trouble.

* meterse en los asuntos de = have + a leg in the camp of.

* meterse en + Número + cosas a la vez = have + a foot in + Número + camps.

* meterse en problemas = get into + trouble.

* meterse en todos los fregados = have + a finger in every pie.

* meterse en un aprieto = get into + a predicament.

* meterse en un apuro = get into + a predicament.

* meterse en una situación embarazosa = put + Reflexivo + into + position.

* meterse en un berenjenal = get into + a predicament.

* meterse en un lío = be in trouble, get into + a predicament.

* meterse la camisa = tuck in + Posesivo + shirt.

* meterse mano = snog, pet.

* meter una pifia = drop + a bollock, drop + a clanger, make + a blunder, make + a bloomer, blunder.

* meter un litro en un recipiente de medio = squeeze a quart into a pint pot.

* meter un pifiaso = drop + a bollock, drop + a clanger, make + a blunder, make + a bloomer, blunder.

* no saber dónde meterse de vergüenza = squirm with + embarrassment.

* salir de Guatemala para meterse en Guatapeor = out of the fire and into the frying pan.

* sin meternos en el hecho de que = to say nothing of.

* * *

meter [E1 ]

vt

A

1 (introducir, poner) to put

le metieron un tubo por la nariz they put o ( colloq) stuck a tube up her nose

¿dónde habré metido su carta? where can I have put his letter?

meter algo EN algo:

metí la tarjeta en un sobre I put the card in(to) an envelope

no lograba meter la llave en la cerradura she couldn't get the key into the lock

metió el pie en el agua he put his foot in(to) the water

a ver si consigo meter todo esto en un folio I wonder if I can get o fit all of this onto one sheet

no le metas esas ideas en la cabeza a la niña don't put ideas like that into her head, don't go giving her ideas like that

2 (hacer entrar) meter a algn EN algo:

no puedo meter más de cuatro personas en mi coche I can't get o fit more than four people in my car

lo metieron en la cárcel they put him in prison

metió a su hijo interno en un colegio he sent his son to (a) boarding school

3 (colocar, emplear) meter a algn EN algo:

consiguió meter a su amigo en la empresa she managed to get her friend a job with o in the company

meter a algn DE algo:

lo metieron de aprendiz de carpintero they apprenticed him to a carpenter, they got him a job as a carpenter's apprentice

la metieron de sirvienta en la ciudad they sent her to work as a maid in the city

4 (involucrar) meter a algn EN algo to involve sb IN sth, get sb involved IN sth

no quiero que metas a mi hijo en negocios sucios I don't want you involving my son o getting my son involved in any dirty business

no la metas a ella en esto don't bring o drag her into this

B

1 (invertir) to put

voy a meter mis ahorros en el banco I'm going to put my savings in the bank

metió todo su capital en el negocio she put all her capital into the business

2 ‹tanto/gol› to score

3 (en costura) ‹dobladillo› to turn up

métele un poco en las costuras take it in a bit at the seams

4

meterle tijera/sierra a algo to set to with the scissors/saw on sth

5 ( Auto) ‹marcha/cambio›

mete (la) primera/tercera put it into first/third (gear)

en este coche es muy difícil meter la marcha atrás it's very difficult to get into reverse in this car

C

1

(provocar, crear): no metas ruido que estoy estudiando keep the noise down, I'm studying

no trates de meterme miedo don't try to frighten o scare me

nos están metiendo prisa en el trabajo we're under a lot of pressure to do things faster at work

a todo meter ( fam); ‹ir/conducir› flat out

lleva una semana estudiando a todo meter he's been studying flat out for a week

meterle ( AmL); to get a move on ( colloq)

¡métanle, que no llegamos! step on it o get a move on, or we won't get there in time!

le metimos con todo we did our utmost, we pulled out all the stops, we did everything we could

2 ( fam)

(encajar, endilgar): me metieron una multa por exceso de velocidad I got a ticket for speeding ( colloq)

no me metas más mentiras don't tell me any more lies, don't give me any more of your lies ( colloq)

nos metió una de sus historias she spun us one of her yarns

3 ( Col arg) ‹cocaína› to snort (sl), to do (sl); ‹marihuana› to smoke

■ meter

vi

( Col arg) (consumir marihuana) to smoke (dope)

■ meterse

v pron

A

1 (entrar) meterse EN algo:

me metí en el agua (en la playa) I went into the water; (en la piscina) I got into the water

nos metimos en un museo we went into a museum

se metió en la cama he got into bed

métete por esa calle go down that street

quise meterme bajo tierra I just wanted the ground to swallow me up

no sabía dónde meterse de la vergüenza que le dio she was so embarrassed she didn't know what to do with herself o where to put herself

¿dónde se habrá metido el perro? where can the dog have got to?, where can the dog be?

(+ me/te/le etc): se me metió algo en el ojo I got something in my eye

cuando se le mete una idea en la cabeza … when he gets an idea into his head …

2 (introducirse) meterse algo EN algo:

me metí el dedo en el ojo I stuck my finger in my eye

se metió el dinero en el bolsillo he put the money in(to) his pocket

no te metas los dedos en la nariz don't pick your nose

¡que se lo meta ahí mismo! or ¡que se lo meta por dónde le quepa! ( vulg); she can stuff it! (sl)

ya sabes dónde te lo puedes meter ( vulg); you know where you can stuff o shove it ( vulg)

3 ( fam); ‹comida/bebida› to put away ( colloq)

B

1

(en un trabajo): se metió de secretaria she got a job as a secretary

meterse de or a cura/monja to become a priest/nun

2 (involucrarse) meterse EN algo to get involved IN sth

no quiero meterme en una discusión I don't want to get into o to get involved in an argument

te has metido en un buen lío you've got yourself into a fine mess

no te metas en gastos don't go spending a lot of money

se había metido en un asunto muy turbio she had got involved in o mixed up in a very shady affair

3 (entrometerse) to get involved

no te metas en lo que no te importa mind your own business, don't get involved in o don't meddle in things that don't concern you

todo iba bien hasta que ella se metió por medio things were going fine until she started interfering

meterse con algn ( fam): no te metas conmigo que yo no te he hecho nada don't go picking a fight with me, I haven't done anything to you

no te metas conmigo que hoy no estoy para bromas leave me alone, I'm in no mood for jokes today

tú métete con los de tu edad/tamaño why don't you pick on someone your own age/size?

con su hijo no te metas, que es sagrado ( iró); don't say a word against her son, she worships him

meterse donde no lo llaman to poke one's nose into other people's business ( colloq)

¡no te metas donde no te llaman! mind your own business!

* * *

meter ( conjugate meter) verbo transitivo
1
a) (introducir, poner) to put;

meter algo en algo to put sth in(to) sth;
◊ meter la llave en la cerradura to put the key into the lock;

logró meter todo en la maleta he managed to fit everything into the suitcase
b) ( hacer entrar):

◊ meter a algn en la cárcel to put sb in prison;

consiguió meterlo en la empresa she managed to get him a job in the company
c) ( involucrar) meter a algn en algo to involve sb in sth, get sb involved in sth

2
a) ( invertir) ‹ahorros/dinero› to put

b) ‹tanto/gol› to score

c) ( en costura) ‹ dobladillo› to turn up

d) (Auto):

◊ mete (la) tercera put it into third (gear);

meter la marcha atrás to get into reverse
3 (provocar, crear):
◊ meterle prisa a algn to rush sb;

meterle miedo a algn to frighten o scare sb;
no metas ruido keep the noise down
meterse verbo pronominal
1
a) ( entrar):

◊ me metí en el agua ( en la playa) I went into the water;

( en la piscina) I got into the water;
◊ nos metimos en un museo we went into a museum;

meterse en la cama/la ducha to get into bed/the shower;
¿dónde se habrá metido el perro? where can the dog have got to?;
se me metió algo en el ojo I got something in my eye
b) ( introducirse):

◊ me metí el dedo en el ojo I stuck my finger in my eye;

se metió el dinero en el bolsillo he put the money in(to) his pocket
2
a) ( en trabajo):

◊ se metió de secretaria she got a job as a secretary;

meterse de or a cura/monja to become a priest/nun
b) ( involucrarse) meterse en algo to get involved in sth;

◊ te has metido en un buen lío you've got yourself into a fine mess;

no te metas en lo que no te importa mind your own business;
meterse con algn (fam) to pick on sb;
meterse por medio to interfere
meter verbo transitivo
1 to put [en, in]
(en colegio, cárcel) to put: la metieron en un psiquiátrico, they put her in a mental hospital
(dinero) metimos el dinero en el banco, we paid the money into our bank
2 (invertir) to put: mételo en acciones, put it in shares
3 (involucrar) to involve [en, in], to get mixed up [en, in]
4 fam (causar) no le metas miedo al niño, don't frighten the child
5 (hacer) to make
meter jaleo, to make a noise
♦ Locuciones: familiar a todo meter, at full speed, in a flash
meter en el mismo saco, to lump together: son completamente distintos, no los puedes meter en el mismo saco, they're totally different, you can't lump them together as if they were the same
' meter' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
apremiar
- baza
- cazo
- cizaña
- colarse
- contador
- cuezo
- embotellar
- follón
- fotómetro
- gamba
- hocico
- indicador
- indicadora
- introducir
- lectura
- M
- mano
- métrica
- metro
- nada
- nariz
- pata
- patinar
- prisa
- resbalar
- ruido
- saco
- sobre
- taxímetro
- venga
- altura
- apresurar
- apurar
- bandera
- bulla
- canasta
- compás
- distancia
- el
- encajar
- entrar
- gol
- lado
- m
- marcha
- medidor
- menos
- parquímetro
- por
English:
bake
- blunder
- boob
- brick
- bully
- bungle
- change up
- clanger
- dip
- engage
- enter
- fetch in
- finger
- flub
- foot
- get in
- grope
- hurry
- hustle
- insert
- inset
- jam
- let in
- meter
- mix up
- outdistance
- pad out
- parking meter
- postage meter
- push
- put
- quart
- round
- speed up
- squash in
- stick
- stick in
- taxi-meter
- trip up
- tuck
- tuck in
- unstuck
- waffle
- water meter
- wedge
- back
- cram
- deep
- fit
- get

* * *

meter

♦ vt

1. [introducir] to put in;

meter algo/a alguien en algo to put sth/sb in sth;

metió las manos en los bolsillos she put her hands in her pockets;

no puedo meter la llave en la cerradura I can't get the key in the lock;

lo metieron en la cárcel they put him in prison;

su padre lo metió de conserje en la empresa his father got him a job in the company as a porter;

meter dinero en el banco to put money in the bank;

he metido todos mis ahorros en este proyecto I've put all my savings into this project;

¿podrás meter todo en un solo disquete? will you be able to get o fit it all on one disk?;
Fam
meterle ideas a alguien en la cabeza to put ideas into sb's head;
Fam
no consigo meterle en la cabeza (que…) I can't get it into his head (that…);
Fam
mete la tijera todo lo que quieras cut off as much as you like

2. [hacer participar]
meter a alguien en algo to get sb into sth;

¡en buen lío nos has metido! this is a fine mess you've got o gotten us into!

3. [obligar a]
meter a alguien a hacer algo to make sb start doing sth;

me dieron un trapo y me metieron a limpiar el polvo they gave me a cloth and set me dusting

4. [causar]
meter prisa/miedo a alguien to rush/scare sb;

meter ruido to make a noise

5. [en automóvil]
meter la primera/la marcha atrás to go into first gear/reverse;

meter el freno to brake

6. [en deportes] [anotar] to score;

nos metieron dos goles they scored two goals against us

7. Fam [asestar] to give;

le metió un puñetazo she gave him a punch

8. Fam [echar, soltar] to give;

meter una bronca a alguien to tell sb off;

me metió un rollo sobre la disciplina militar he gave me this routine about military discipline;

te han metido un billete falso they've given you a forged banknote

9. [prenda, ropa] to take in;

hay que meter los pantalones de cintura the trousers need taking in at the waist;

meter el bajo de una falda to take up a skirt

10. Fam [dedicar, destinar]
sabe jugar muy bien al billar porque le ha metido muchas horas he plays billiards really well because he's put the hours in o spent hours practising

11. Am Fam
¡métele! [date prisa] get a move on!, hurry up!;

¡métele, que empieza la película! get a move on o hurry up, the movie's starting!

12. RP Fam [aprobar] to pass

♦ vi

1. muy Fam [copular] to do it, Br to get one's end away

2. Comp
Fam
a todo meter at full pelt

♦ See also the pronominal verb meterse

* * *

meter

v/t

1 put (en in, into)

2 gol score

3 ( involucrar) involve (en in);

meter a alguien en un lío get s.o. into a mess;

a todo meter at full speed

* * *

meter vt

1) : to put (in)

metieron su dinero en el banco: they put their money in the bank

2) : to fit, to squeeze

puedes meter dos líneas más en esa página: you can fit two more lines on that page

3) : to place (in a job)

lo metieron de barrendero: they got him a job as a street sweeper

4) : to involve

lo metió en un buen lío: she got him in an awful mess

5) : to make, to cause

meten demasiado ruido: they make too much noise

6) : to spread (a rumor)

7) : to strike (a blow)

8) : to take up, to take in (clothing)

9)

a todo meter : at top speed

♦ See also the reflexive verb meterse

* * *

meter vb

1. (en general) to put [pt. & pp. put]

metió el dinero en el bolsillo he put the money in his pocket

¿dónde has metido el abrelatas? where have you put the tin opener?

2. (empleo) to get a job

su padre lo metió en la empresa familiar his father got him a job in the family business

3. (implicar) to involve

me has metido en un lío you've got me into a mess

meter miedo to frighten

meter prisa to hurry [pt. & pp. hurried]

Spanish-English dictionary > meter
124 tum

tum, adv. demonstr., of time [pronom. demonstr. stems to-, ta-; Gr. to, seen in ita, tam, etc.; cf. quom or cum], then.
I.
Absol.
A.
Referring to a time previously specified.
1.
To a definite past time.
(α).
To a period of time in which something was or happened (opp. later periods) = illis temporibus:
is dictu'st ollis popularibus olim Qui tum vivebant homines,
Enn. Ann. v. 308 Vahl.:
quod tum erat res in pecore et locorum possessionibus, i. e. Romuli temporibus,
Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16:
cum illi male dicerent, quod tum fieri licebat, i. e. Periclis temporibus,
id. de Or. 3, 34, 138:
erat omnino tum mos ut faciles essent in suum cuique tribuendo,
id. Brut. 21, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:
vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant,
Liv. 1, 4, 6; 2, 6, 8; 3, 29, 3; 4, 6, 12; 42, 62, 11;
44, 9, 4: ut tum erant tempora,
Nep. Att. 1, 2; 12, 3; Liv. 1, 3, 3; 1, 8, 4; 2, 7, 4; 2, 9, 8; 2, 50, 2; 2, 63, 6;
39, 6, 7 and 9.—With illis temporibus: nam jam tum illis temporibus fortius... loquebantur quam pugnabant,
Nep. Thras. 2, 4.—
(β).
Referring to a point of time, then, at that time:
insigneita fere tum milia militum octo Duxit,
Enn. Ann. v. 336 Vahl.: ut jacui exsurgo;
ardere censui aedis: ita tum confulgebant,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 15:
jam duo restabant fata tum,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 35; id. Cist. 1, 3, 14: quot eras annos gnatus tum, quom, etc.? Me Septuennis, nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum, id. Men. 5, 9, 56; id. Merc. prol. 66; id. Most. 1, 2, 49; id. Am. 2, 1, 56; Ter. And. 1, 1, 82: sic igitur tum se levis ac diffusilis aether... undique flexit. Lucr. 5, 467; 5, 837; 5, 911; 5, 432;
5, 942: atque huic anno proximus Sulla consule et Pompejo fuit. Tum P. Sulpicii in tribunatu, cottidie contionantis, totum genus dicendi cognovimus,
Cic. Brut. 89, 306; id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:
scribit Eudemum Pheras venisse, quae erat urbs in Thessalia tum admodum nobilis,
id. Div. 1, 25, 53; id. Rep. 2, 37, 63:
hi tum in Asia rhetorum principes,
id. Brut. 91, 316; id. Sest. 11, 26; id. Planc. 37, 90; id. Quint. 61, 170; id. Fam. 9, 21, 2:
hoc tum veritus Caesar Pharum prehendit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 112:
eodem anno a Campanis Cumae, quam Graeci tum urbem tenebant, capiuntur,
Liv. 4, 44, 13; 1, 7, 14; 2, 9, 5;
2, 37, 7: praetores tum duos Latium habebat,
id. 8, 3, 9:
Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant, dictatorem dixit,
id. 8, 12, 13; 5, 8, 4; 22, 46, 6;
1, 7, 12: tum Athenis perpetui archontes esse desierunt,
Vell. 1, 8, 3:
tum Cimbri et Teutoni transcendere Rhenum,
id. 2, 8, 3; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3; Tac. H. 4, 49; 3, 57:
non timido, non ignavo cessare tum licuit,
Curt. 3, 11, 5:
Archiae, qui tum maximum magistratum Thebis obtinebat,
Nep. Pelop. 3, 2; id. Phoc. 3, 3.—With in eo tempore: eum quem virile secus tum in eo tempore habebat, Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 5.—Repeated by anaphora:
quae nox omnium temporum conjurationis acerrima fuit. Tum Catilinae dies exeundi, tum ceteris manendi condicio, tum descriptio... constituta est, tum tuus pater, etc.,
Cic. Sull. 18, 52; cf. Lucr. 5, 1377; 5, 1399.—
(γ).
Esp., referring to a former state, implying that it no longer exists:
quaesivit ex lege illa Cornelia quae tum erat,
Cic. Clu. 20, 55:
cum sententias Oppianicus, quae tum erat potestas, palam ferri velle dixisset,
id. ib. 27, 75:
Caere, opulento tum oppido,
Liv. 1, 2, 3; 3, 52, 3:
praetores aerarii (nam tum a praetoribus tractabatur aerarium), etc.,
Tac. H. 4, 9.—
(δ).
Expressly opposed to present time (hodie, nunc, hoc tempore, etc.; class. and very freq.; but in post-Aug. writers tunc is regularly used): prius non is eras qui eras;
nunc is factu's qui tum non eras,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 138:
tu nunc tibi Id laudi ducis quod tum fecisti inopia?
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 25; id. Hec. 3, 3, 48:
quae tabula, tum imperio tuo revulsa, nunc a me tamen reportata est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112:
tum imperator populi Romani deos patrios reportabat, nunc praetor ejusdem populi eosdem illos deos... auferebat,
id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; 2, 5, 20, § 51; id. Clu. 31, 86; id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Quint. 22, 71; id. Phil. 14, 8, 21; id. Leg. 2, 22, 57; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Liv. 5, 3, 5; 6, 15, 11; 10, 9, 6.—
(ε).
Opposed to another time specified:
itaque tum eos exire jussit. Post autem e provincia litteras ad conlegium misit, se, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:
itaque ut tum carere rege, sic pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat,
id. Rep. 2, 30, 53; id. Mil. 21, 55:
sicut legatorum antea, ita tum novorum colonorum caede imbutis armis,
Liv. 4, 31, 7; 39, 22, 10; 9, 36, 1; 2, 52, 7; 4, 2, 10; 4, 57, 11;
21, 17, 1: et tum sicca, prius celeberrima fontibus, Ide,
Ov. M. 2, 218; Verg. A. 11, 33; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Ham. 11, 7.—
(ζ).
In the historians in applying general statements or truths to the state of affairs spoken of: communi enim fit vitio naturae ut invisis atque incognitis rebus... vehementius exterreamur;
ut tum accidit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 4; 3, 68; id. B. G. 7, 3; 2, 6; id. B. C. 1, 80:
foedera alia aliis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia fiunt. Tum ita factum accepimus,
Liv. 1, 24, 4; 1, 32, 14; 21, 31, 12.—
(η).
Denoting coincidence or inner connection with an action before mentioned = a temporal clause (tum = cum hoc fieret), then, on that occasion:
quis tum non ingemuit?
Cic. Vatin. 13, 31:
ne tum quidem hominum venustatem et facetias perspicere potuisti? i. e. cum coronam auream imponebant,
id. Fl. 31, 76: apud imperitos tum illa dicta sunt;
nunc agendum est subtilius,
id. Fin. 4, 27, 74:
itaque tum Stajenus condemnatus est,
i. e. in that trial, id. Clu. 36, 101; id. Sen. 7, 22:
M. Porcius Cato qui, asper ingenio, tum lenem mitemque senatorem egit,
Liv. 45, 25; Val. Max. 8, 3, 3:
sed tum supplicia dis... decernuntur,
Tac. A. 3, 64; 3, 72:
Graecia tum potuit Priamo quoque flenda videri,
Ov. M. 14, 474.—
With the occasion referred to specified in the same clause: Manlius... ex petulanti scurra in discordiis civitatis ad eam columnam tum suffragiis populi pervenerat,
Cic. Clu. 13, 39:
emisti tum in naufragio hujus urbis... tum, inquam, emisti ut, etc.,
id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7.—Repeated by anaphora: et Capitolinis injecit sedibus ignes. Tum statua Nattae, tum simulacra deorum, Romulusque et Remus cum altrice belua vi fulminis icti conciderunt, Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45;
so repeated seven times,
id. Rep. 1, 40, 62.—
(θ).
Redundant, the time of the action being clear without it (esp. in Cic.):
atque hoc tum judicio facto... tamen Avitus Oppianicum reum statim non facit,
Cic. Clu. 20, 56:
itaque tum ille inopia et necessitate coactus ad Caepasios confugit,
id. ib. 20, 57; id. Brut. 23, 90; 39, 145; 43, 161; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51, where tum redundant occurs six times successively.—
2.
In oblique discourse, referring to the time of the speaker, = nunc in direct discourse:
quando autem se, si tum non sint, pares hostibus fore?
if they were not now so, Liv. 3, 62, 1:
(dixit Sempronius)... nec tum agrum plebi, sed sibi invidiam quaeri,
id. 4, 44, 9; 4, 57, 4:
moenia eos tum transcendere non Italiae modo, sed etiam urbis Romanae,
id. 21, 35, 9; 5, 21, 7 (in this use nunc is also freq.).—
3.
Referring to indefinite time.
(α).
Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc., at such a season:
tum denique tauros in gregem redigo (after Lyra rises),
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; 1, 35 fin.; Col. 11, 2, 87.—
(β).
With the force of an indefinite temporal clause, at such a time, in such circumstances, i. e. when such a thing happens as has happened:
qui (porci) a partu decimo die habentur puri, ab eo appellantur sacres, quod tum ad sacrificium idonei habentur primum,
Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 16; 2, 7, 13:
deinde cibum sequitur somnus... quia plurima tum se corpora conturbant (i. e. cum cibum ceperunt),
Lucr. 4, 957; 3, 599; 4, 892; 4, 919;
4, 1030: quam regionem cum superavit animus... finem altius se efferendi facit. Tum enim sui similem et levitatem et calorem adeptus... nullam in partem movetur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; 1, 31, 75; 3, 23, 55; 4, 24, 54; Tac. Dial. 7.—
(γ).
With the force of a conditional clause, then, in this instance, if so: immo res omnis relictas habeo prae quod tu velis. Ph. Tum tu igitur, qua causa missus es ad portum, id expedi (i. e. si ita est), Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 39; id. Most. 5, 1, 55; id. As. 1, 1, 93; 2, 2, 64; 3, 3, 36; id. Aul. 3, 6, 31; id. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 2, 78: non potitus essem;
fuisset tum illos mi aegre aliquot dies,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 7; id. Eun. 2, 2, 50; 5, 1, 23; id. Hec. 3, 5, 12:
ego C. Caesaris laudibus desim, quas, etc.? Tum hercule me confitear non judicium aliquod habuisse,
Cic. Planc. 39, 93: scribant aliquid Isocrateo more...;
tum illos existimabo non desperatione formidavisse genus hoc,
id. Or. 70, 235; id. Font. 21, 49 (17, 39); id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; Ov. H. 18 (19), 81: vellem tam ferax saeculum haberemus...;
tum ego te primus hortarer, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 8.—
4.
Referring to future time.
(α).
To a definite time before mentioned:
ut sit satius perdere Quam aut nunc manere tam diu, aut tum persequi,
i. e. after my future return, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 27:
jam nunc mente prospicio quae tum studia hominum, qui concursus futuri sint,
Cic. Div. in Caecin. 13, 42; id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; 1, 10, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 17; id. Marcell. 9, 30:
tum meae... Vocis accedet bona pars,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 45.—
(β).
With the force of a conditional clause (cf. 3. b, supra), then, in this instance, if so: specta, tum scies. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 100; cf.:
quom videbis, tum scies,
id. ib. 1, 2, 37: tuom incendes genus;
Tum igitur aquae erit tibi cupido, etc.,
id. Trin. 3, 2, 50; id. Curc. 2, 3, 17:
confer sudantes, ructantes, refertos epulis... tum intelleges, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 100; id. Planc. 18, 45; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115:
agedum, dictatorem creemus... Pulset tum mihi lictorem qui sciet, etc.,
Liv. 2, 29, 12; Cic. Phil. 10, 3, 6; id. Or. 23, 78; 71, 235; Liv. 4, 22, 11; 5, 16, 10; 9, 11, 4.—
B.
Referring to a time subsequent to a time mentioned, then, thereupon.
1.
Simple sequence in time.
(α).
Time proper (only of an immediate sequence;
otherwise deinde, postea, etc., are used): tum cum corde suo divum pater atque hominum rex Effatur, etc.,
Enn. Ann. 179:
dico ei quo pactod eam viderim erilem nostram filiam sustollere. Extimuit tum illa,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 58: tum ille egens forte adplicat Primum ad Chrysidis patrem se. Ter. And. 5, 4, 21; id. Eun. 3, 1, 17; Cato, R. R. 48 (49); 135 (136); so id. ib. 112 (113): equos quinto anno... amittere binos (dentes);
tum renascentes eis sexto anno impleri,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2 sq.: collo [p. 1909] cari jussit hominem in aureo lecto, abacosque complures ornavit... Tum ad mensam eximia forma pueros jussit consistere, eosque, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61:
dixerat hoc ille, cum puer nuntiavit venire ad eum Laelium... Tum Scipio e cubiculo est egressus, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Div. 2, 66, 135; id. Clu. 14, 40; id. Cat. 3, 5, 10; id. Ac. 2, 5, 13; id. Div. 1, 35, 77:
hostes suos ab oppugnatione reduxerunt. Tum suo more conclamaverunt ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 26; cf. id. ib. 7, 64; 5, 43 fin.;
5, 48: adsurgentem ibi regem cuspide ad terram adfixit. Tum spolia caputque abscisum spiculo gerens... hostes fudit,
Liv. 4, 19, 5; 5, 21, 1; 1, 26, 9; 1, 18, 10; 1, 20, 1; 1, 22, 6; 1, 28, 4; 1, 28, 9; 2, 24, 4;
3, 8, 11, etc.: tum Caesar cum exercitu Thessaliam petit,
Vell. 2, 52, 1; Val. Max. 5, 1, 3; Curt. 4, 3, 7; Tac. A. 3, 28; 11, 35; id. H. 4, 84; Ov. M. 2, 122; 4, 80; 7, 121; 10, 481; 14, 386; Flor. 1, 13, 12; Gell. 1, 19, 5; 1, 23, 5.—
(β).
In partic., foll. by an abl. absol.:
tum, prope jam perculsis aliis tribunis, A. Verginius Caesoni capitis diem dicit,
Liv. 3, 11, 9; 8, 32, 1; 10, 29, 12:
tum omni spe perdita, Meherdates dolo ejus vincitur, traditurque victori,
Tac. A. 12, 15; 12, 16:
tum, ferro extracto, confestim exanimatus est,
Nep. Epam. 9, 4.—
(γ).
Implying a connection between two events, hence, under these circumstances, accordingly, thereupon:
at pater omnipotens ira tum percitus acri... Phaethonta... Deturbavit in terram,
Lucr. 5, 399:
madefactum iri Graeciam sanguine... tum neque te ipsum non esse commotum, Marcumque Varronem et M. Catonem... vehementer esse perterritos,
Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 34, 76; Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf. id. ib. 5, 49; 5, 51;
7, 59: quippe quibus nec domi spes prolis, nec cum finitimis conubia essent. Tum ex consilio patrum Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,
Liv. 1, 9, 2; 3, 26, 1; 3, 31, 7; 4, 45, 7.—
2.
Enumeration of a series of events; the co-ordinate clauses introduced by tum... tum, or primum (primo)... deinde... tum, etc.
(α).
Succession of time proper:
ducem Hannibali unum e concilio datum (a Jove), tum ei ducem illum praecepisse ne respiceret, illum autem respexisse, tum visam beluam vastam, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49; 1, 27, 57; 2, 28, 58 sq.:
primo... deinde... tum... tum,
id. Fin. 1, 16, 50; 5, 23, 65; id. Tusc. 5, 2, 5:
primum... deinde... tum... postremo,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 3; 3, 3, 6: primum colonos inde Romanos expulit: inde in Latinam viam transgressus, etc., inde Lavinium recepit; tum deinceps Corbionem, Vitelliam;
postremum, etc.,
Liv. 2, 39, 4:
primi consules sub jugum missi, tum ut quisque gradu proximus erat, tum deinceps singulae legiones,
id. 9, 6, 1:
primo... deinde... tum... tum,
id. 21, 22, 8; id. praef. 9; 3, 28, 8: 5, 39, 7;
23, 23, 6: deinde... deinde... Tum... post quas, etc.,
Curt. 3, 3, 24: primum... deinde... deinde... tum... postea, Masur. Gabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5; Gai. Inst. 4, 60.—
(β).
So in partic.: tum (also hic, et;
not deinde or postea), to denote the succession of speakers in dialogue: immo duas dabo, inquit adulescens... Tum senex ille: Si vis, inquit, quattuor sane dato,
Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 46 dub.:
tum Piso... inquit, etc. Tum Quintus... inquit, etc. Hic ego... inquam, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Piso... inquit, etc. Et ille ridens... inquit, etc. Tum Piso exorsus est, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sqq.:
tum Atticus... inquit, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Brutus, etc. Tum ille, etc. Tum Atticus, etc. Tum Pomponius... inquit, etc.,
id. Brut. 3, 11 sqq., and through the whole treatise; cf. id. Ac. 1, 2, 4; 1, 3, 9; 1, 4, 13; 1, 12, 43 and 44; 2, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 15 sqq.; id. Rep. 1, 13, 19 sqq.; Liv. 7, 10, 2 sqq.; 23, 12, 8; Tac. Dial. 3; 15; 25; 42; Gell. 3, 1, 11 sqq.; 18, 1, 9 sqq.; Ov. M. 14, 594.—
(γ).
Transf., of sequence or succession of thought, passing into mere co-ordination (v. C. 2. b, g), then... again... furthermore:
qui mi in cursu obstiterit, faxo vitae is obstiterit suae. Prius edico ne quis, etc. Tum pistores scrofipasci qui, etc. Tum piscatores.... Tum lanii autem qui, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 28; 4, 2, 34; 4, 2, 39: (res familiaris) primum bene parta sit, tum quam plurimis se utilem praebeat, deinde augeatur ratione, diligentia, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92; id. Ac. 2, 47, 146; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68 sq.; 5, 40, 117; id. Ac. 2, 10, 30; id. de Or. 1, 42, 190; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5; id. Agr. 1, 2, 5; id. Clu. 2, 6; Liv. 3, 26, 11.—
C.
Hence, as co-ordinating conjunction, introducing an additional assertion, or thought.
1.
Alone, = praeterea, and then, besides, also, moreover, on the other hand (freq. in ante-class. style and in Cic.;
rare in Livy and post-Aug. prose): argenti aurique advexit multum, lanam purpuramque multam... tum Babylonica peristromata, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 10; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 71; 4, 8, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 78; id. Aul. 1, 2, 6; 1, 3, 16; id. Men. 5, 5, 41; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 15; 4, 2, 3; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; 1, 2, 21; 2, 3, 7; id. Eun. prol. 4; 5, 6, 15; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; Lucr. 4, 680; cf. id. 1, 494; 4, 1152:
magnum ingenium L. Luculli, magnumque optimarum artium studium, tum omnis ab eo percepta doctrina... caruit omnino rebus urbanis,
Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 1; 2, 14, 43; id. Div. 1, 24, 50; 1, 42, 94; id. de Or. 1, 46, 201; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fin. 1, 6, 21; 2, 16, 53; id. Leg. 1, 5, 17; 1, 9, 26; id. Rab. Post. 14, 40; id. Phil. 13, 12, 26:
altera ex parte Bellovaci instabant, alteram Camulogenus tenebat: tum legiones a praesidio interclusas maximum flumen distinebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 59; id. B. C. 3, 49: naves convenerunt duae Punicae quinqueremes;
duae ab Heraclea triremes... tum quinque Rhodiae quadriremes,
Liv. 42, 56, 6; 1, 40, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 4; Just. 5, 10, 3.—Sometimes connecting two terms of the same clause, with the force of cum... tum (v. infra, 3. d.):
quot me censes homines jam deverberasse, hospites tum civis?
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 14:
faciendum est igitur nobis ut... veteranorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque consensus... confirmetur,
Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 28, 43, 1 (in co-ordination often with etiam, autem, and sometimes with praeterea and porro; v. III. infra).—
2.
Tum as correlative of a preceding tum.
(α).
With an added assertion or thought: ita est haec hominum natio: voluptarii atque potatores, Tum sycophantae... plurimi In urbe habitant;
tum meretrices mulieres Nusquam perhibentur blandiores gentium,
Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 100; 3, 1, 102.—
(β).
Tum... tum = nunc... nunc (modo... modo), sometimes... sometimes, now... now, at one time... at another (freq. in Cic., not in Caes., rare in Liv., and very rare in postAug. writers):
tum huc, tum illuc inretitos impedit piscis,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 17:
tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 134:
mihi... tum hoc tum illud probabilius videtur,
id. Off. 3, 7, 33; so id. Am. 4, 13; id. Sen. 13, 45; id. Top. 7, 31; id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:
(alvus) tum restringitur, tum relaxatur,
id. ib. 2, 54, 136; id. Rep. 3, 13 (14), 23; id. Leg. 2, 7, 16; id. Or. 63, 212; id. Sen. 3, 7; id. Inv. 1, 37, 66:
dictator tum appellare tum adhortari milites,
Liv. 8, 39, 4; Suet. Ner. 1; Gell. 1, 11, 15.—Tum may be repeated several times:
plerique propter voluptatem tum in morbos graves, tum in damna, tum in dedecora incurrunt,
Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 47; 3, 7, 26;
so three times,
id. N. D. 1, 12, 29; 1, 14, 37; 1, 15, 39; id. Inv. 1, 52, 98; id. Or. 3, 45, 177; id. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 2, 17, 43; id. Top. 25, 96;
four times,
id. N. D. 1, 43, 120; 2, 20, 52; 2, 39, 101; id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75;
five times,
id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; 1, 41, 76; id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94;
six times,
id. ib. 1, 53, 120;
seven times,
Quint. 9, 4, 133;
nine times,
Cic. N. D. 2, 50, 51.—And in chronological order (to be distinguished from the instances B. 2. a and g):
Atheniensium (rem publicam constituerunt) tum Theseus, tum Draco, tum Solo, tum Clisthenes, tum multi alii,
at different times, successively, Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 2.—
(γ).
Preceded or followed by other co-ordinate words (alias, modo, aliquando, aut... aut, nunc... nunc):
ex quo intellegitur qualis ille sit quem tum moderatum, alias modestum, tum temperantem, alias constantem continentemque dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 36:
tum... tum... aliquando,
id. Div. 2, 2, 6:
tum... tum... aut... aut,
id. Or. 61, 204:
modo... tum autem,
id. N. D. 2, 40, 142:
nunc... nunc... tum... tum,
Flor. 1, 17, 5.—
(δ).
Tum... tum = et... et, both... and, not only... but also, partly... partly, without regard to time, the second term being frequently strengthened by etiam (mostly post-Aug.):
Milo Compsam oppugnans, ictusque lapide tum Clodio, tum patriae, quam armis petebat, poenas dedit,
Vell. 2, 68, 3:
Muciam et Fulviam, tum a patre, tum a viro utramque inclitam,
Val. Max. 9, 1, 8:
Caesar Pompejo tum proprias, tum etiam filiae lacrimas reddidit,
id. 5, 1, 10; Quint. 7, 3, 18; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 28; id. Clem. 1, 19, 2; Front. Aquaed. 1; Tac. A. 12, 33; Suet. Tit. 3; Nep. praef. 8;
and with etiam,
Val. Max. 2, 2, 8; 5, 9, 1; 7, 6 prooem.; Nep. Them. 2, 3.—
3.
As correlative with a preceding cum, introducing particular after a universal or a stronger or more important assertion after a weaker or less important.
a.
Connecting complete sentences with different predicates, cum... tum = as... so, while... (tum being not translated; ante-class. cum always with indic.; class. with subj. or indic.):
quom antehac te amavi, et mihi amicam esse crevi... tum id mihi hodie aperuisti,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 2; id. Truc. 4, 1, 6:
quom id mihi placebat, tum uno ore omnes omnia Bona dicere,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:
quae cum res tota ficta sit pueriliter, tum ne efficit quidem quod vult,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19; id. Tusc. 5, 39, 13; id. Fam. 13, 16, 1; and so with subj., id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Off. 3, 2, 5; id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Brut. 39, 145; 11, 250:
cum omnium rerum simulatio est vitiosa, tum amicitiae repugnat maxime,
id. Lael. 25, 91; id. Div. 2, 27, 58; and so with indic., id. Planc. 33, 80; id. Tull. 4, 8; id. Div. in Caecil. 20, 65; id. Sest. 1, 2; id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:
haec cum merito ejus fieri intellegebat, tum magni interesse arbitrabatur, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 4; 3, 16; id. B. C. 1, 58; Liv. 3, 34, 1; 4, 53, 4.—
b.
Clauses with the same predicate, which is placed after the first clause (always with indic.):
nam mihi, cum multa eximie divineque videntur Athenae tuae peperisse, tum nihil melius illis mysteriis quibus, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 36; id. Tusc. 4, 18, 42; id. Phil. 2, 5, 12; Liv. 4, 46, 10; 6, 38, 10.—
c.
Clauses with a common predicate placed before both co-ordinate terms, cum... tum = not only, but also; as... so especially:
visa est Arcesilae cum vera sententia, tum honesta et digna sapiente,
Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 77; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; 2, 35, 119; 3, 1, 3:
movit patres conscriptos cum causa tum auctor,
Liv. 9, 10, 1; 4, 57, 2; Suet. Ner. 46 init. —
d.
With a common predicate after both co-ordinate terms:
quom virum tum uxorem, di vos perdant,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 103:
luxuria cum omni aetati turpis tum senectuti foedissima est,
Cic. Off. 1, 34, 123; id. Clu. 59, 161; id. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 86; id. N. D. 1, 21, 57; id. Deiot. 9, 26; id. Clu. 16, 46:
concitatos animos flecti quam frangi putabat cum tutius tum facilius esse,
Liv. 2, 23, 15; 6, 9, 8; 1, 57, 1; 10, 26, 13; Tac. Dial. 5.—With tum several times repeated:
quem pater moriens cum tutoribus et propinquis, tum legibus, tum aequitati magistratuum, tum judiciis vestris commendatum putavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 151; cf. esp. id. Planc. 40, 95. —
e.
Tum, in this construction, is freq. strengthened,
(α).
By vero:
cum haec sunt videnda, tum vero illud est hominis magni, etc.,
in particular, Cic. Clu. 58, 159; id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Phil. 3, 5, 12; 7, 3, 9; cf. id. Or. 1, 23, 106; 3, 16, 60; Liv. 34, 39, 9; Quint. 12, 1, 25.—
(β).
By maxime, above all, most of all, especially, chiefly:
cum omnibus in rebus temeritas in adsentando turpis est, tum in eo loco maxime in quo ju dicandum est quantum, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 4, 7; id. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; 5, 12, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 69:
cum infamia atque indignitas rei impediebat, tum maxime quod, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 56; Sall. J. 43, 5; Liv. 1, 8, 2; Suet. Claud. 30; Quint. 6, 1, 29.—
(γ).
By praecipue, especially, chiefly, above all:
cum omnium sociorum provinciarumque rationem diligenter habere debetis, tum praecipue Siciliae,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2; id. Fam. 13, 11, 3:
fortuna quae plurimum potest cum in reliquis rebus, tum praecipue in bello,
Caes. B. C. 3, 68; Liv. 22, 43, 11; 1, 40, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 29; 1, 10, 13; 5, 10, 106; Plin. Ep. 4, 3, 2.—
(δ).
By inprimis, chiefly, principally:
cum multa non probo, tum illud inprimis quod, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 18; id. Fam. 12, 22, 3.—
(ε).
By cumprimis, chiefly, principally: quapropter bene cum superis de rebus habenda Nobis est ratio... tum cumprimis Unde anima atque animi constet [p. 1910] natura videndum, Lucr. 1, 131.—
(ζ).
By certe, especially, at least, assuredly:
at cum de plurimis eadem dicit, tum certe de maximis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 5, 13; id. Fam. 7, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 1, 10.—
(η).
By nimirum, assuredly, undoubtedly:
cum plurimas... commoditates amicitia contineat, tum illa nimirum praestat omnibus quod, etc.,
Cic. Am. 7, 23. —
(θ).
By etiam, besides, as well:
cum omnes omnibus ex terris homines improbos audacesque collegerat, tum etiam multos fortes viros et bonos... tenebat,
Cic. Cael. 6, 14; id. Ac. 2, 10, 31; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:
quos tu cum memoriter, tum etiam erga nos amice et benevole collegisti,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:
cum sua virtute, tum etiam alienis vitiis,
id. Leg. 23, 67; id. Fin. 2, 12, 38; id. N. D. 2, 37, 95; id. de Or. 3, 60, 225; Liv. 1, 21, 2; 7, 23, 6; 7, 32, 10; Val. Max. 7, 2, 3; 3, 2, 10; 9, 6, 3; Quint. 9, 1, 20; 9, 4, 143.—
(ι).
By quoque, also, besides, as well:
cum potestas major, tum vir quoque potestati par hostes trans Anienem submovere,
Liv. 4, 17, 11; 1, 22, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 72.—
(κ).
By et, also, besides, too:
cujus mortem cum luctus civitatis, tum et dictaturae undecim insignem fecere,
Just. 19, 1, 7.—
(λ).
By praeterea, moreover, besides:
dicimus C. Verrem cum multa libidinose fecerit, tum praeterea quadringentiens sestertium ex Sicilia abstulisse,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56.
II.
Tum as correlative of dependent clauses (freq. in ante - class. writings and Cic., rare in post-Aug. writings).
A.
With temporal clauses, introduced by cum, = at the time when, at a time when.
1.
Referring to definite past time.
a.
Tum as antecedent of cum:
jam tum cum primum jussit me ad se arcessier, Roget quis, Quid tibi cum illa?
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21:
qui (Hercules) tum dolore frangebatur cum immortalitatem ipsa morte quaerebat,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20:
bene apud majores nostros senatus tum cum florebat imperium decrevit ut, etc.,
id. Div. 1, 41, 91; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160; id. Clu. 33, 89; id. Verr. 1, 2, 5; id. Brut. 2, 7; 23, 89; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 2, 24, 64; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; 3, 4, 11:
tum mittendos legatos fuisse cum Perseus Graecas urbes obsideret,
Liv. 45, 3, 7:
tum cum Vipereos sparsi... dentes,
Ov. M. 4, 572; id. H. 3, 23; Val. Max. 6, 1, 12.—After pluperf.:
nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant scimus Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19; Val. Max. 3, 6, 1; 2, 8, 15 fin. —Tum inserted in the temporal clause:
cum Davo egomet vidi jurgantem ancillam... quom ibi me adesse neuter tum praesenserat,
Ter. And. 5, 1, 20.—
b.
Tum, introducing the apodosis of the temporal clause (generally not transl. in Engl.).
(α).
Of coincident events, cum... tum = while: quom genui tum morituros scivi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. Rel. v. 361 Vahl.); Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 18:
cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,
Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Cael. 26, 63; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13:
cum pavida mulier nullam opem videret, tum Tarquinius fateri amorem, orare, etc.,
Liv. 1, 58, 3; 5, 11, 4. —
(β).
Tum = deinde, usu. after a pluperf.:
id cum Sulla fecisset, tum ante oppidum Nolam Samnitium castra cepit,
Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72; id. Brut. 92, 319; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; 2, 3, 15; id. Fin. 1, 8, 26; id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; id. Div. 1, 25, 53; 2, 2, 7; id. Rep. 2, 25, 47; Liv. 21, 11, 8; cf. id. 1, 26, 7; 23, 22, 4.—Inserted in the apodosis:
cum jam humanae opes egestae a Veis essent, amoliri tum deum dona,
Liv. 5, 22, 3.—
2.
Referring to definite present time:
quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis. Cum enim miserum esse dicis, tum eum qui non sit, dicis esse,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12.—
3.
Referring to indefinite time.
a.
As antecedent of the clause, = at the time when, at a time when, whenever: hominum inmortalis est infamia;
etiam tum vivit quom esse credas mortuam,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28; id. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7; Cato, R. R. 31:
nec sibi enim quisquam tum se vitamque requirit Cum pariter mens et corpus sopita quiescunt,
Lucr. 3, 919; 4, 444; 4, 455;
4, 1166: omnis praedictio mali tum probatur cum ad praedictionem cautio adjungitur,
Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. N. D. 2, 3, 9: tum cum sine pondere suci Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant, Ov. H. 5, 109; Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44; 2, 27, 88; id. Fin. 4, 8, 20; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 20; 5, 26, 73; id. N. D. 1, 4, 9; id. Off. 1, 27, 93.—Tum maxime... cum plurimum = eo magis quo magis:
eam (partem animi) tum maxime vigere cum plurimum absit a corpore,
Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; so, cum maxime... tum maxime; v. b. a foll.—
b.
Tum introducing the apodosis.
(α).
As coincident:
quom amamus, tum perimus,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 94:
ulmus, cum folia cadunt, tum iterum tempestiva est,
Cato, R. R. 17; so id. ib. 155 (156):
cum ea quae quasi involuta fuerunt, aperti sunt, tum inventa dicuntur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 26; id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; 1, 17, 57; id. N. D. 2, 52, 129; 1, 19, 49; id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15.—Cum maxime... tum maxime = quo magis eo magis:
nam quom pugnabant maxume, ego tum fugiebam maxume,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 45:
quamobrem omnes, cum secundae res sunt maxume, tum maxume Meditari secum oportet, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 30 poet. —
(β).
As subsequent:
ad legionem quom itum, adminiculum eis danunt tum jam aliquem cognatum suum,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 47:
eo cum accessit ratio argumentique conclusio... tum et perceptio eorum omnium apparet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 30; 2, 41, 128; id. Fin. 5, 9, 24; 1, 20, 69; 5, 15, 41; id. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 1, 24, 58; 3, 2, 3; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; id. Div. 2, 19, 44.—
4.
Referring to future time.
(α).
Tum as antecedent of cum:
quom mi haec dicentur dicta, tum tu, furcifer, quasi mus in medio pariete vorsabere,
Plaut. Cas. 1, 51; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 20:
non committam ut tum haec res judicetur cum haec frequentia Roma discesserit,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54; id. Agr. 2, 17, 44; 2, 25, 67; id. Fin. 4, 22, 62; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Liv. 23, 13, 4; 41, 10, 7; Ov. M. 2, 651; id. H. 15, 293; Nep. Them. 6, 5.—
(β).
Tum introducing the apodosis:
quom videbis, tum scies,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; 4, 6, 30:
de quo cum perpauca dixero, tum ad jus civile veniam,
Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Clu. 2, 6; 4, 9; Liv. 3, 56, 10.—
B.
With temporal clause, introduced by ubi.
1.
Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):
vitem novellam resecare tum erit tempus ubi valebit,
Cato, R. R. 33:
tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, ubi erit locata virgo in matrimonium?
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—
2.
Tum introducing the apodosis.
(α).
Referring to definite past time (tum always = deinde):
ubi eorum dolorem majorem quam ceterorum cognovi, tum meum animum in illos, tum mei consilii causam proposui, tum eos hortatus sum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Sall. J. 94, 3:
ubi illuxit, et Romanis Punica et Gallica arma cognita, tum dubitationem exemere,
Liv. 25, 10, 5; 1, 9, 10; 4, 57, 3; 9, 43, 16; 21, 25, 12; 23, 11, 4.—
(β).
Referring to indefinite time:
post ubi tempust promissa jam perfici, Tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 8: Cato, R. R. 3 init.; 17:
ubi jam morbi se flexit causa... Tum quasi vaccillans primum consurgit,
Lucr. 3, 503; 6, 129; 6, 526.—
(γ).
Referring to future time:
otium ubi erit, tum tibi operam ludo et deliciae dabo,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 13; id. Stich. 4, 2, 14:
ubi tu voles, Ubi tempus erit, sat habet si tum recipitur,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 32; Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 18; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 72; id. Pers. 4, 7, 19; id. Cas. 3, 2, 27:
ut ubi id interrogando argumentis firmavero, tum testes ad crimen accommodem,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:
ubi haerere jam aciem videris, tum terrorem equestrem infer,
Liv. 6, 12, 10; 22, 55, 8.—
C.
With a temporal clause introduced by postquam.
1.
Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):
Flaminius qui ne quieto quidem hoste ipse quieturus erat, tum vero postquam res sociorum ante oculos prope suos ferri vidit, suum id dedecus ratus, etc.,
Liv. 22, 3, 7; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 (v. infra, III. A. 2. a. b).—
2.
Tum introducing the apodosis (always = deinde).
(α).
Referring to definite past time:
posteaquam e portu piratae exierunt, tum coeperunt quaerere homines, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 100; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40 (al. tunc):
postquam satis virium collectum videbat, tum ex suis unum sciscitatum Romam ad patrem misit,
Liv. 1, 54, 5; 3, 66, 5; 6, 13, 4; 22, 48, 4; 25, 10, 6; Gell. 5, 3, 6.—
(β).
Referring to indefinite time: postquam vero commoditas quaedam... dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum ingenio freta malitia pervertere urbes adsuevit, Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 3.—
D.
With a temporal clause introduced by ut.
1.
Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):
tum vero ingentem gemitum dat Ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici... conspexit,
Verg. A. 1, 485; cf. id. ib. 12, 218.—
2.
Tum introducing the apodosis.
(α).
Of definite past time:
nam ut dudum adcurrimus ad Alcesimarchum... tum mi, puto, prae timore hic excidisse Cistellam,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 46:
sed ut intellectum est quantam vim haberet accurata... oratio, tum etiam magistri dicendi multi subito exstiterunt,
Cic. Brut. 8, 30; id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; Liv. 24, 44, 10; id. 21, 54, 9; 23, 34, 6.—
(β).
Referring to future time:
neque ut quaeque res delata ad nos erit, tum denique scrutari locos debemus,
Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 146:
traditum esse ut quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum, si eam Romanus rite emisisset, victoriam de Vejentibus dari (= si quando),
Liv. 5, 15, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.—
E.
With a temporal clause introduced by quando.
1.
Tum as antecedent of the clause.
(α).
Of definite past time:
auctoritatem senatus exstare sentio, tum, quando Alexandro mortuo, legatos Tyrum misimus,
Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41.—
(β).
Of future time:
at scire tum memento quando id quod voles habebis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 41; id. Mil. 3, 1, 213; id. Most. 3, 1, 136; id. Men. 5, 7, 57:
utinam tum essem natus quando Romani dona accipere coepissent,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75.—
2.
Tum introducing the apodosis.
(α).
Of indefinite time (quando = whenever):
quando esurio tum crepant (intestina),
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 27; id. Truc. 1, 1, 15; id. Ps. 4, 7, 85:
quando mulier dotem marito dabat, tum quae ex suis bonis retinebat reciperare dicebatur,
Gell. 17, 6, 6; 7 (6), 14, 4.—
(β).
Of future time:
at tu, quando habebis, tum dato,
Plaut. Men. 3, 3, 23:
quando ab eadem parte sol eodemque tempore iterum defecerit, tum signis omnibus ad principium revocatis, expletum annum habeto,
Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:
quando mihi usus venerit, tum quaeram ex te atque discam,
Gell. 6 (7), 17, 4.—
F.
In the apodosis after simul ac:
an simul ac nubes successere, ipse in eas tum Descendit (Juppiter), prope ut hinc teli determinet ictus?
Lucr. 6, 402.—
G.
With a temporal clause introduced by dum.
1.
Tum as antecedent:
sanctius visum est nomen Augusti, ut scilicet jam tum dum colit terras, ipso numine ac titulo consecretur,
Flor. 2, 33, 66 (4, 12, 66).—
2.
Tum introducing the apodosis:
dum habeat, tum amet,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23:
dum se glomerant... tum pondere turris Procubuit,
Verg. A. 9, 540.—
H.
As antecedent of quamdiu:
qui cum tibi amicus non modo tum fuerit quamdiu tecum in provincia fuerit, verum etiam nunc sit cum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58.—
K.
Denoting a logical consequence after quando and cum:
quando ergo erga te benignus fui... tum te mihi benigne itidem addecet... referre gratiam,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 35:
cum magnus numerus deesset, tum iste homo nefarius in eorum locum... substituere coepit cives Romanos,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72.—
L.
After relative clauses denoting time: qua tempestate Paris Helenam innuptis junxit nuptiis, Ego tum gravida expletis jam fere ad pariendum mensibus, Poet. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 219 (Trag. Rel. p. 246 Rib.).—
M.
With conditional clauses.
1.
With a conditional clause introduced by si, sin, ni (not nisi).
(α).
Tum as antecedent of clause:
tum pol ego interii, homo si ille abiit,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 6; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 40:
si tenuis causa est, tum etiam argumentandi tenue filum,
Cic. Or. 36, 124; id. Rep. 1, 40, 62; 2, 9, 15; id. Fin. 1, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 13; id. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:
tum vero ego nequiquam Capitolium servaverim si civem in servitutem duci videam,
Liv. 6, 14, 4; 3, 9, 11; 6, 14, 4; 7, 34, 14; Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14; Gell. 2, 12, 1 sq.; 4, 13, 1; 14, 2, 21.—
(β).
Tum introducing the apodosis:
si triduum hoc hic erimus, tum arbores in te cadent,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 30; id. Rud. 5, 2, 59; 3, 4, 49; id. As. 1, 3, 89; id. Rud. 1, 3, 13; id. Ps. 4, 1, 1; 4, 1, 48 (39); Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 64; 3, 1, 17; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 19; Cato, R. R. 26; cf. id. ib. 27:
quod si, ut spero, cepero, tum vero litteras publice mittam,
Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf. id. Ac. 2, 10, 32; id. Fin. 2, 4, 79; id. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: id. [p. 1911] Rosc. Am. 49, 142:
si dimicandum erit, tum tu in novissimos te recipito,
Liv. 7, 40, 13; 8, 10, 12; Hor. S. 1, 2, 97; Ov. M. 7, 32.—
Esp., denoting the consequences of perjury in ancient formulas of oaths: si ego injuste illos homines dedier mihi exposco, tum patriae compotem me numquam siris esse,
Liv. 1, 32, 7; 1, 24, 8; 22, 53, 11; hence, quid si falles? Me. Tum Mercurius Sosiae iratus siet, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 239; 3, 2, 52; id. Aul. 4, 10, 50; cf. also Liv. 3, 64, 10.—
2.
With a condition contrary to fact.
(α).
Tum, antecedent of clause:
tum esset ostentum, si anguem vectis circumplicavisset,
Cic. Div. 2, 28, 62; id. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:
tum id audirem si tibi soli viveres,
id. Marcell. 8, 25; id. Fin. 4, 13, 33; id. Div. 2, 35, 73.—
(β).
Tum introducing the apodosis:
si quidem me amaret, tum istuc prodesset,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 56:
quodsi omnia nobis quae ad victum pertinent. suppeditarentur, tum optimo quisque ingenio, totum se in cognitione et scientia collocaret,
Cic. Off. 1, 44, 158. —
N.
After an abl. absol.
1.
With perfect participles (= postquam or cum... tum), mostly with denique, vero, demum.
(α).
Referring to definite past time:
ut morte ejus nuntiata tum denique bellum confectum arbitraretur,
Cic. Mur. 16, 34:
sed confecto proelio tum vero cerneres quanta vis animi fuisset in exercitu Catilinae,
Sall. C. 61, 1:
ita rebus divinis peractis tum de bello deque republica dictator rettulit,
Liv. 22, 11, 1; 2, 29, 1; 2, 29, 3; 3, 56, 1; 5, 50, 8; Plin. 11, 20, 22, § 68.—
(β).
Referring to indefinite time:
hisce omnibus rebus consideratis, tum denique id quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,
Cic. Or. 2, 77, 315.—
(γ).
Referring to future time (the abl. absol. = a fut. perf.):
ita prope XL. diebus interpositis tum denique se responsuros esse arbitrantur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31; 1, 18, 54; id. Fin. 4, 13, 32; id. Scaur. Fragm. 10, 22.—
2.
With pres. participles (post-class.):
tacentibus cunctis, tum ipse (dixit), etc.,
Just. 12, 15, 6.
III.
Particular connections.
A.
With other particles of time.
1.
Jam tum, already at that time, i. e. earlier than might be anticipated:
jam tum erat suspitio Dolo malo haec fieri,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 58; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 34:
quippe etenim jam tum divom mortalia saecla Egregias animo facies vigilante videbant,
Lucr. 5, 1169; 5, 1037:
ut mihi jam tum divinasse ille (Romulus) videatur hanc urbem sedem aliquando summo esse imperio praebituram,
Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10; 2, 7, 12; id. Div. 2, 57, 118; id. Tusc. 4, 2, 4:
jam tum in Palatio monte Lupercal hoc fuisse ludicrum ferunt,
Liv. 1, 5, 1; 1, 7, 16; 1, 41, 7; 10, 21, 14;
24, 49, 1: ut jam tum qualis futurus esset ostenderet,
Suet. Dom. 1; Curt. 4, 6, 29.—
2.
Tum demum and tum denique, then only, then at length, then at last, not till then, i. e. later than might be expected, implying delayed action.
a.
Tum demum.
(α).
In gen.:
adversisque in rebus noscere qui sit. Nam verae voces tum demum pectore ab imo Eiciuntur,
Lucr. 3, 58:
tum demum Liscus, oratione Caesaris adductus, quod antea tacuerat proponit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 5, 33; Sall. J. 46, 1:
nec ante in campum degressi sunt quam, etc. Tum demum castra Etruscorum pro moenibus Fidenarum posita,
Liv. 4, 17, 12; 45, 12, 6; 2, 20, 11; 5, 39, 2; 23, 19, 15 et saep.; Val. Max. 1, 6, 10; 1, 7, 4; Curt. 3, 12, 12; Tac. A. 3, 18; 3, 47.—
(β).
In partic., referring to clauses introduced by cum, ubi, si, or abl. absol. (v. II. A. B. L. M.), denoting absolute restriction to the terms of the clause:
imo etiam ubi expolivero, magis hoc tum demum dices,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 60:
tum demum mihi procax Academia videbitur si aut consenserint omnes, aut, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 13:
cum is Casilini eo die mansurum dixisset, tum demum cognitus est error,
Liv. 22, 13, 8; Vell. 2, 115, 4; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 fin.; 7, 2, 4; Curt. 3, 11, 6; Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7.—
(γ).
Sometimes = nunc demum (anteclass.): victus es, Chaline. St. Tum nos demum vivere. Olympio. Gaudeo, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 65.—
b.
Tum denique.
(α).
In gen.:
tum denique tauros in gregem redigo,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5:
injecta glaeba tumulus is (locus) ubi humatus est vocatur, ac tum denique multa religiosa jura complectitur,
Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57; id. Fin. 3, 22, 76; id. Tusc. 3, 26, 61: nequiquam temptati ut tum denique desisterent impediendo bello, Liv. 4, 55, 5; Ov. M. 4, 519; 7, 857; 10, 664.—
(β).
Referring to clauses with cum, etc. (v. II. A. B. L. M.):
tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona quom quae in potestate habuimus ea amisimus,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33:
quo cum venerimus, tum denique vivemus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75; 3, 31, 75; id. Leg. 2, 4, 10; id. Rep. 1, 6, 11; so,
tum denique si,
id. Fam. 14, 2, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, § 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1:
indicandum primum fuisse, dein petendum praesidium, postremo ni impetraretur, tum denique querendum,
Liv. 23, 43, 2; Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126 (for tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9, v. II. D. 2. a).—
3.
Tum primum (rarely primo), then for the first time:
tum genus humanum primum mollescere coepit,
Lucr. 5, 1014:
ludorum gratia quos tum primum anniversarios in circo facere constituisset,
Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 12; id. Sen. 21, 78; Caes. B. G. 7, 11:
ponte sublicio tum primum in Tiberi facto,
Liv. 1, 33, 6; 2, 41, 3; 39, 22, 2; 2, 20, 6; 39, 49, 4; Vell. 2, 37, 5; Tac. A. 2, 27; id. H. 4, 57; Curt. 3, 12, 26. —
4.
With deinde, hic, postea, with consecutive force emphatic.
a.
Deinde tum (very rare):
primum ea quae sumus acturi cogitare debemus, deinde tum dicere ac facere,
Varr. L. L. 6, 6, 62.—
b.
Tum deinde.
(α).
= tum demum or tum denique, then at length, not till then, then only:
nonne optime patronus occurrat prius conviciis luxuriae, etc., tum deinde narret de bonis Pallae? etc.,
Quint. 4, 2, 27; 12, 10, 11:
emam, aedificabo, credam, exigam, honores geram: tum deinde lassam senectutem in otium referam,
Sen. Ep. 101, 4; Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251.—So corresp. with cum:
quas cum solus pertulisset, tum deinde comitia collegae subrogando habuit,
Liv. 2, 8, 3 (Weissenb. demum, by conj.); Col. R. R. 1, 6, 13. —
(β).
= an emphatic deinde: nam praetermisit quod in prima parte sumere debuit;
tum deinde eodem ipso quod omiserat quasi proposito ad confirmandum aliud utitur,
Gell. 2, 8, 3; 13, 24 (23), 1; Just. 2, 1, 19.—
c.
With hic:
hic tum repente Pacilius quidam accedit, ait, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94:
hic ego tum ad respondendum surrexi,
id. Clu. 18, 51; 27, 73:
hic tum injectus est hominibus scrupulus,
id. ib. 28, 76; id. Sest. 11, 25.—
d.
Tum postea:
tum postea complorantibus nostris, dies quidem tandem inluxit,
Gell. 19, 1, 3; so id. 14, 3, 10 (for quid tum postea, v. D. 1.).—
5.
With interim:
unum, alterum, tertium annum Sassia quiescebat... Tum interim, Q. Hortensio, Q. Metello coss.... despondet ei filiam suam,
Cic. Clu. 64, 179.—
B.
With particles of emphasis.
1.
Tum vero (sometimes tum enimvero or enimvero tum), then indeed, at that crisis, then if not before, etc., or merely = emphatic then, denoting either coincidence or sequence of action.
(α).
In gen.:
discedit a Melino Cluentia. Tum vero illa egregia mater palam exsultare... coepit,
Cic. Clu. 5, 14; 22, 61; id. Agr. 1, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107:
semper equidem magno cum metu incipio dicere... tum vero ita sum perturbatus ut, etc.,
id. Clu. 18, 51:
tum vero dubitandum non existimavit quin ad eos proficisceretur,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 5, 37; id. B. C. 1, 82; 2, 42:
Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor... junguntur nuptiis. Tum vero in dies infestior Tulli senectus... coepit esse,
Liv. 1, 47, 1; 2, 22, 6; 4, 49, 13; 10, 19, 12; 21, 45, 9; 21, 58, 5; Ov. M. 2, 227; 7, 685; Curt. 4, 13, 1; 3, 11, 5; Tac. Agr. 37.—And in enumerations:
deinde... post autem... tum vero ipsam veterem Karthaginem vendunt,
Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5.—
(β).
As correlative of temporal or conditional clauses, and after abl. absol.:
quod ubi Romam est nuntiatum, senatui metum injecit ne tum vero sustineri nec in urbe seditio, nec in castris posset,
Liv. 5, 7, 4; Sall. J. 94, 3:
tum vero... si,
Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63; Liv. 6, 14, 4 (v. II. M. 1. a, b).—With cum, Liv. 32, 12, 1:
quae postquam frustra temptata rogumque parari... vidit, Tum vero gemitus... Edidit,
Ov. M. 2, 621; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40; v. C. 1. b. (so, tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; v. II. D. 2. and M. 1.).—
2.
Tum quidem, at that time, thereupon, then at least (usu. opposed to a later time): dixit sibi in somnis visum esse, etc. Et tum quidem incolumis exercitum liberavit; post triennium autem devovit se, etc., Cic. Div. 1, 24, 51; so,
actum quidem,
id. Fl. 25, 59; id. Lael. 11, 39:
et tum quidem ab Dio Perseus in interiora regni recepit se... post dies paucos, etc.,
Liv. 42, 39, 1; 1, 57, 10; 3, 2, 10;
7, 17, 3.—Often in resuming the narrative after a digression: ac tum quidem regem... filium appellat,
Curt. 4, 7, 25.—Merely emphatic:
Duillio Cornelioque coss. etiam mari congredi ausus est. Tum quidem ipsa velocitas classis comparatae victoriae auspicium fuit,
Flor. 1, 18 (2, 2), 7; so id. 1, 22 (2, 6), 20; 1, 40 (3, 5), 12.—With cum, Tac. Dial. 11.—
3.
Ne tum quidem, not even then:
num quis horum miser hodie? Ne tum quidem, post spiritum extremum,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89; id. Div. 1, 26, 55; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 98:
ubi ne tum quidem eos prodire intellexit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 50; 7, 53; Tac. H. 5, 21; Curt. 3, 2, 18.—With cum:
ille vere ne tum quidem miser cum ab Oroete in crucem actus est,
Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92; so id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; Liv. praef. 12; 39, 39, 11.—
4.
Tum maxime (sometimes tum cummaxime).
(α).
Especially at that time, chiefly then: illi sumposia, nos convivia quod tum maxime simul vivitur, Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 35; id. Leg. 2, 11, 26.—With cum:
quae quidem vis tum maxime cognita est cum... M. Cato, legem suadens, in Galbam multa dixit,
Cic. Brut. 23, 89; id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Par. 4, 1, 29.—
(β).
Just then, just at that moment (not ante-Aug.):
regi, tum maxime captivos ex Illyrico vendenti,
Liv. 43, 20, 3; 1, 10, 1:
per totam aciem vulgatum est, castra amissa esse, et tum cummaxime ardere,
id. 40, 32, 1; so,
tum cummaxime,
id. 43, 7, 8:
corpus enim suum a caupone trucidatum tum maxime plaustro ad portam ferri,
Val. Max. 1, 7, ext. 10; 2, 10, 2; 3, 2, 2 fin.; Curt. 3, 4, 14; 6, 6, 10; Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154; Quint. 2, 15, 30; 2, 61, 31; Suet. Caes. 65; id. Calig. 53.—So with cum:
et quod tum maxime Abydum oppugnaret cum rex ab Attalo et Rhodiis ultro se bello lacessitum diceret,
Liv. 31, 18, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 15, 2.—
(γ).
Strengthening the co-ordinate tum after cum, so especially; v. I. C. 3. e. b (for cum maxime... tum maxime and tum maxime... cum plurimum, v. II. A. 3. a. b.).—
5.
Tum potissimum = tum maxime, just then (rare):
C. Caesar... tum potissimum acie commissa impeditos religione hostes vicit,
Front. Strat. 2, 1, 16.—
6.
Etiam tum.
(α).
Even then:
etiam tum vivit cum esse credas mortuam,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28:
totum se Servilio etiam tum tradidit,
even then, at so late a time, Cic. Sest. 62, 130:
etiam tum cum verisimile erit,
id. Rosc. Am. 20, 57.— So with cum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; id. Dom. 13, 23; id. Sest. 38, 81.—
(β).
Still, as yet (also as one word; cf. etiamtum, and v. the foll. additional passages), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 19, § 41; id. Fin. 3, 14, 48; id. Rep. 2, 12, 24; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; id. Brut. 20, 80; id. Off. 2, 14, 47; Caes. B. C. 3, 93; Liv. 5, 40, 10; Val. Max. 9, 6, 3; Tac. A. 3, 72; Suet. Claud. 27 fin.; id. Dom. 22.—
And with a negation, = nondum: ipsa ego non longos etiam tum scissa capillos,
not yet long, Ov. H. 8, 79.—
7.
Tum etiam.
(α).
Followed by si or cum, even if, even when:
atque equidem filium Tum etiam si nolit, cogam,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 65:
qui tum etiam cum... circumfusi erant caligine,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45.—
(β).
Then also, then too, besides:
tum etiam illud cogitatote, sic vivere Cornelium ut, etc.,
Cic. Balb. 28, 65; id. N. D. 1, 16, 43; so id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Fin. 2, 16, 53; Col. 12 praef.—
8.
Tum quoque.
(α).
Also then, then likewise, then as before, then as on another occasion mentioned before: ceu lapidem si Percutiat lapis aut ferrum;
nam tum quoque lumen Exsilit,
Lucr. 6, 162:
tum quoque homini plus tribui quam nescio cui necessitati,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 11, 28:
tum quoque multis milibus Latinorum in civitatem acceptis,
Liv. 1, 33, 5; 2, 52, 2; 21, 22, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 37; Ov. M. 14, 369.—
(β).
Even then, = etiam tum (rare):
et tamen tum quoque se absentes triumphare credunt,
Liv. 45, 38, 13; 39, 41, 3; 39, 47, 11; Ov. H. 17 (18), 190.—
(γ).
In orat. obliq. (v. I. A. 2.), even now:
quod si Romani tum quoque aequa aspernarentur,
Liv. 42, 62, 7. —
(δ).
= sic quoque, even under the circumstances, even as it was, etc. (v. sic, V. 3.): ut si effugium patuisset in publicum, impleturae urbem tumultu fuerint. Tum quoque [p. 1912] aliquotiens integro corpore evaserunt, Liv. 24, 26, 13; 40, 16, 6; 43, 4, 1;
9, 13, 9: tum quoque, amputata dextra, navem sinistra comprehendit,
Just. 2, 9, 18.—
9.
Tum ipsum = eo ipso tempore, at the very time, just then, even then (only in Cic. in four passages; cf.:
nunc ipsum): tota igitur ratio talium largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum... moderanda est,
Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:
quem quidem cum sua voluntate ex patria Karthaginem revertisset, tum ipsum cum vigiliis et fame cruciaretur, clamat virtus beatiorem fuisse quam Thorium,
id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv. ad loc.:
tum ipsum cum immolare velis extorum fieri mutatio potest,
id. Div. 1, 52, 118:
ita (oratores), non injuria, quotienscunque dicerent, id quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,
id. Or. 1, 27, 123.—
C.
Tum with co-ordinating particles.
1.
Tum autem.
(α).
= praeterea, and then, besides (v. I. C. 1.): turpilucricupidum te vocant cives tui;
tum autem sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:
oves scabrae sunt... Tum autem Surorum nemo exstat qui ibi sex menses vixerit,
id. ib. 2, 4, 141; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 4, 2, 3; id. Poen. 5, 5, 34; 5, 7, 22; Ter. And. 1, 5, 34; id. Eun. 5, 9, 7; id. Hec. 2, 1, 14; 3, 2, 10:
tum autem qui non ipso honesto movemur... callidi sumus, non boni,
Cic. Leg. 1, 14, 41; id. Or. 1, 58, 247; 2, 19, 80.—
(β).
= tum... tum:
visne igitur inter hos populos inambulantes, tum autem residentes quaeramus eisdem de rebus?
Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15.—
(γ).
= eo tempore, with autem as connective:
tum illic autem Lemnius... uxorem duxit, etc.,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 25:
tum autem ex omnibus montibus nives proluit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 48.—
(δ).
But in this instance:
uxori emunda ancilla'st: tum autem pluscula Supellectile opus est,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 60; 5, 7, 25 sq.—
2.
For tum etiam, v. B. 7. b.—
3.
Tum praeterea:
nam tui similis est probe. Tum praeterea talem, nisi tu, nulla pareret filium,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 20; so id. Ad. 3, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33; Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56 (v. I. C. 3. e. l).—
4.
Tum porro:
tum porro venti magnam quoque tollere partem Umoris possunt,
Lucr. 6, 623; 4, 829 (827).—
D.
Quid tum?
1.
In dialogue, what then? what next? what further? novi ego hos pugnos meos. Ca. Quid tum? Th. Quid tum? Rogitas? Hisce ego, si tu me inritaveris, placidum te hodie reddam, Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 49; so id. As. 2, 2, 83; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 47; 3, 5, 66; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 8.—And strengthened:
quid tum postea?
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; id. As. 2, 2, 68; 2, 2, 79; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 78; 4, 2, 9; 4, 7, 23; id. Ad. 4, 5, 15; id. Hec. 4, 1, 36: videsne abundare me otio? A. Quid tum? Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 26.—
2.
In imitation of a dialogue:
at mulctantur bonis exsules. Quid tum? Parumne multa de toleranda paupertate dicuntur?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107; so id. Quint. 22, 72; 27, 84; id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 132; id. Dom. 47, 123; id. Dejot. 7, 22; id. Phil. 1, 10, 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 230.—
3.
As emphatic co-ordinative in quoting the different items of a document, law, etc.: quive in senatu sententiam dixit, dixerit. Quid tum? Qui eorum coiit, coierit, etc., what next? i. e. and then, listen! Cic. Clu. 54, 148; so id. Agr. 1, 5, 16; 3, 3, 11; id. Mur. 12, 26; id. Fl. 23, 55.—
E.
Tum temporis = eo tempore (post class. and rare; cf.:
tunc temporis): postera die civitas principem suum, ac tum temporis consulem in foro expectabat,
Just. 31, 2, 6.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tum
125 Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building

[br]

b. 27 March 1886 Aachen, Germany

d. 17 August 1969 Chicago, USA

[br]

German architect, third of the great trio of long-lived, second-generation modernists who established the international style in the inter-war years and brought it to maturity (See Jeanneret (Le Corbusier) and Gropius).

[br]

Mies van der Rohe was the son of a stonemason and his early constructional training came from his father. As a young man he gained experience of the modern school from study of the architecture of the earlier leaders, notably Peter Behrens, Hendrik Berlage and Frank Lloyd Wright. He commenced architectural practice in 1913 and soon after the First World War was establishing his own version of modern architecture. His building materials were always of the highest quality, of marble, stone, glass and, especially, steel. He stripped his designs of all extraneous decoration: more than any of his contemporaries he followed the theme of elegance, functionalism and an ascetic concentration on essentials. He believed that architectural design should not look backwards but should reflect the contemporary achievement of advanced technology in both its construction and the materials used, and he began early in his career to act upon these beliefs. Typical was his early concrete and glass office building of 1922, after which, more importantly, came his designs for the German Pavilion at the Barcelona Exposition of 1929. These designs included his famous Barcelona chair, made from chrome steel and leather in a geometrical design, one which has survived as a classic and is still in production. Another milestone was his Tugendhat House in Brno (1930), a long, low, rectilinear structure in glass and steel that set a pattern for many later buildings of this type. In 1930 Mies followed his colleagues as third Director of the Bauhaus, but due to the rise of National Socialism in Germany it was closed in 1933. He finally left Germany for the USA in 1937, and the following year he took up his post as Director of Architecture in Chicago at what is now known as the Illinois Institute of Technology and where he remained for twenty years. In America Mies van der Rohe continued to develop his work upon his original thesis. His buildings are always recognizable for their elegance, fine proportions, high-quality materials and clean, geometrical forms; nearly all are of glass and steel in rectangular shapes. The structure and design evolved according to the individual needs of each commission, and there were three fundamental types of design. One type was the single or grouped high-rise tower, built for apartments for the wealthy, as in his Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago (1948–51), or for city-centre offices, as in his Seagram Building in New York (1954–8, with Philip Johnson) or his Chicago Federal Centre (1964). Another form was the long, low rectangle based upon the earlier Tugendhat House and seen again in the New National Gallery in Berlin (1965–8). Third, there were the grouped schemes when the commission called for buildings of varied purpose on a single, large site. Here Mies van der Rohe achieved a variety and interest in the different shapes and heights of buildings set out in spatial harmony of landscape. Some examples of this type of scheme were housing estates (Lafayette Park Housing Development in Detroit, 1955–6), while others were for educational, commercial or shopping requirements, as at the Toronto Dominion Centre (1963–9).

[br]

Further Reading

L.Hilbersheimer, 1956, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Chicago: P.Theobald.

Peter Blake, 1960, Mies van der Rohe, Architecture and Structure, Penguin, Pelican. Arthur Drexler, 1960, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, London: Mayflower.

Philip Johnson, 1978, Mies van der Rohe, Seeker and Warburg.

DY

Biographical history of technology > Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig
126 πάλιν

πάλιν adv. (Hom.+). On the spelling s. B-D-F §20, end; Mlt-H. 113).

① pert. to return to a position or state, back

ⓐ w. verbs of going, sending, turning, calling etc. πάλιν ἄγειν go back, return J 11:7. ἀναβαίνειν Gal 2:1. ἀναχωρεῖν J 6:15. ἀποστέλλειν send back Mk 11:3. διαπερᾶν 5:21. ἔρχεσθαι (Jos., Ant. 2, 106; 11, 243) Mt 26:43; Mk 11:27; J 4:46; 2 Cor 1:16. ἀπέρχεσθαι Mk 14:39; J 4:3. εἰσέρχεσθαι Mk 2:1 (ParJer 7:22). ἐξέρχεσθαι 7:31 (ParJer 9:12). ἐπιστρέφειν turn back Gal 4:9a. παραγίνεσθαι J 8:2, etc. πάλιν λαβεῖν take back (X., An. 4, 2, 13) 10:17f. παραλαβὼν πάλιν τοὺς δώδεκα he brought the twelve back (after he had been separated fr. them for a time, and had preceded them) Mk 10:32. ἀνεσπάσθη πάλιν ἅπαντα εἰς τ. οὐρανόν everything was drawn back into heaven Ac 11:10.—ἡ ἐμὴ παρουσία πάλιν πρὸς ὑμᾶς my return to you Phil 1:26.—Also pleonastically w. verbs that express the component ‘back’ (Eur., Ep. 1, 1 ἀναπέμπω πάλιν) πάλιν ἀνακάμπτειν (Bacchylides 17, 81f πάλιν ἀνεκάμπτετʼ; Synes., Kingship p. 29b) Ac 18:21. πάλιν ὑποστρέφειν Gal 1:17 (s. B-D-F §484; cp. Rob. 1205).

ⓑ in expressions that denote a falling back into a previous state or a return to a previous activity (TestAbr A 6 p. 89, 13 [Stone p. 14] ἠγέρθη πάλιν ὁ μόσχος; ApcMos 41 πάλιν τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἐπαγγέλομαί σοι; Just., A I, 18, 6; Tat. 11, 2). In Engl. mostly again. εἰ ἃ κατέλυσα ταῦτα πάλιν οἰκοδομῶ Gal 2:18. ἵνα πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἦτε 1 Cor 7:5. διψήσει πάλιν J 4:13. πάλιν εἰς φόβον Ro 8:15. Cp. 11:23; Gal 5:1; Phil 2:28; Hb 5:12; 6:6; 2 Pt 2:20.

② pert. to repetition in the same (or similar) manner, again, once more, anew of someth. a pers. has already done (TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 7 [Stone p. 40, 7]; TestJob 15:9; 44:2; JosAs 10:19; ParJer 9:21; Jos., Ant. 12, 109; Just., D. 3, 5 al.), of an event, or of a state or circumstance (Dicaearch., Fgm. 34 W. Pythagoras flees first to Καυλωνία … ἐκεῖθεν δὲ πάλιν εἰς Λοκρούς; ApcEsdr 4:13 κατήγαγόν με … καὶ πάλιν κατήγαγόν με βαθμοὺς τριάκοντα). πάλιν παραλαμβάνει αὐτὸν ὁ διάβολος εἰς ὄρος Mt 4:8 (cp. vs. 5). πάλιν ἐξελθών 20:5 (cp. vs. 3). πότε πάλιν ὄψονται αὐτόν when they would see (Paul) again AcPl Ha 6, 17. ἵνα παρά σου πάλιν ἀκούσωμεν AcPlCor 1:6.—Mt 21:36 (cp. vs. 34); 26:44 (cp. vs. 42), 72; 27:50; Mk 2:13; 3:1; 4:1. πάλιν πολλοῦ ὄχλου ὄντος 8:1 (cp. 6:34).—8:25; 10:1, 24; Lk 23:20 (cp. vs. 13); J 1:35 (cp. vs. 29); 8:8; 20:26; Ac 17:32; Gal 1:9; Phil 4:4; Js 5:18; Hv 3, 1, 5 al.; GJs 17:2; 23:2; AcPl Ha 4, 1.—Somet. w. additions which, in part, define πάλιν more exactly: πάλ. δεύτερον (cp. P. Argentor. Gr. 53, 5: Kl. T. 135 p. 47 τὸ δεύτερον πάλιν) J 21:16. πάλ. ἐκ δευτέρου (Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 14, 31 Jac.; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010]; PCairMasp 24, 12) Mt 26:42; Ac 10:15. Also pleonastically πάλ. ἄνωθεν Gal 4:9b (s. ἄνωθεν 4). αὖ πάλιν Papias (2:9) (cp. Just., A I, 20, 2). πάλιν ἐξ ἀρχῆς (Mnesimachus Com. [IV B.C.] 4, 24; Diod S 17, 37, 5) B 16:8.—εἰς τὸ πάλιν= πάλιν 2 Cor 13:2 (on this s. WSchmid, Der Attizismus 1887–97, I 167; II 129; III 282; IV 455; 625).

③ marker of a discourse or narrative item added to items of a related nature, also, again, furthermore, thereupon (Ps.-Pla., Eryx. 11, 397a καὶ π. with a series of examples): very oft. in a series of quotations fr. scripture (cp. Diod S 37, 30, 2 καὶ πάλιν … καὶ … followed both times by a poetic quotation; a third one had preceded these. All three deal with riches as the highest good and probably come from a collection of quotations; Ps.-Demetr. c. 184 καὶ πάλιν … καὶ π. with one quotation each. Cp. also Diod S 1, 96, 6; Diog. L. 2, 18; 3, 16; Athen. 4, 17, 140c; 14, 634d; Plut., Mor. 361a καὶ πάλιν … καὶ … ; a quotation follows both times; Just., A I, 35, 5; 38, 2 al.; Ath. 9, 1 al.) J 12:39; 19:37; Ro 15:10–12; 1 Cor 3:20; Hb 1:5; 2:13ab; 4:5; 10:30; 1 Cl 10:4; 15:3f; 16:15; 17:6; 26:3; B 2:7; B 3:1; B 6:2, B 4, B 6, B 14, B 16 and oft. In a series of parables (Simplicius, In Epict. p. 111, 13–34 connects by means of π. two stories that are along the same lines as the Good Samaritan and the Pharisee and the publican; Kephal. I 76, 34; 77, 8 [a series of proverbs]) Lk 13:20 (cp. vs. 18). Also a favorite expr. when a speaker takes up a formula previously used and continues: πάλιν ἠκούσατε Mt 5:33 (cp. vs. 27). πάλιν ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία 13:45 (cp. vs. 44), 47.—18:19 (cp. vs. 18); 19:24 (cp. vs. 23).

④ marker of contrast or an alternative aspect, on the other hand, in turn (Pla., Gorg. 482d; Theocr. 12, 14; Polyb. 10, 9, 1; Diod S 4, 46, 3; Chariton 7, 6, 9; Wsd 13:8; 16:23; 2 Macc 15:39; TestJob 26:4; GrBar 4:15; Just., D. 41, 4 al.) πάλιν γέγραπται on the other hand, it is written Mt 4:7. πάλ. Ἀνδρέας Andrew in turn J 12:22 v.l.—1 Cor 12:21. τοῦτο λογιζέσθω πάλ. ἐφʼ ἐαυτοῦ let him remind himself, on the other hand 2 Cor 10:7; on the other hand Lk 6:43; 1J 2:8.

⑤ A special difficulty is presented by Mk 15:13, where the first outcry of the crowd is reported w. the words οἱ δὲ πάλιν ἔκραξεν. Is it simply a connective (so δὲ πάλιν Ps.-Callisth. 2, 21, 22; POxy 1676, 20 ἀλλὰ καὶ λυποῦμαι πάλιν ὅτι ἐκτός μου εἶ)? Is it because a different source is here used? Or is the meaning they shouted back? (so Goodsp.); s. 1a. Or is this really a second outcry, and is the first one hidden behind vs. 8 or 11? Acc. to the parallel Mt 27:21f, which actually mentions several outcries, one after the other, the first one may have been: τὸν Βαραββᾶν. The πάλιν of J 18:40 is also hard to explain (Bultmann 502; 509, 3). Could there be a connection here betw. Mk and J?—Another possibility would be to classify Mk 15:13 and J 18:40 under 4 above, with the meaning in turn (Aristoph., Acharn. 342 et al.; s. L-S-J-M). On a poss. Aram. background s. JHudson, ET 53, ’41/42, 267f; Mlt-H. 446; Mlt-Turner 229; MBlack, An Aramaic Approach³, ’67, 112f.—B. 989. DELG. M-M.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πάλιν
127 intendere

( comprendere) understand

( udire) hear

( voler dire) mean

( avere intenzione) intend

( pretendere) want

s'intende! naturally!, of course!

* * *

intendere v.tr.

1 (capire) to understand*: mi fece intendere che non voleva venire, he made it clear to me that he did not want to come; la frase non è chiara, ecco come l'intendo io, the sentence isn't clear, this is how I understand it; il brano può essere inteso in modi diversi, this piece can be interpreted in a number of different ways; intendere a rovescio, to misunderstand; mi diede a intendere che l'aveva fatto, he gave me to believe that he had done it; ha cercato di darmela a intendere ma non gli ho creduto, he tried to fool me but I didn't believe him // s'intende che verrà anche la tua famiglia, it goes without saying that your family will be coming too // intendere ragione, to listen to reason: Non intende ragioni! Vuole partire e basta!, He won't listen to reason! He wants to leave and that's that!

2 (significare) to mean*, to intend; (interpretare) to understand*, to interpret: che cosa intendi con questo?, what do you mean by this?

3 (avere intenzione di) to intend, to propose, to mean*, to be going to: che cosa intendi fare?, what do you intend (o propose) to do? (o doing?) (o what are you going to do? o what do you mean to do?); intendo provare ancora, I intend to try (o trying) again; non intendevo offenderti, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings; non intendo essere preso in giro, I don't want to be laughed at

4 (udire) to hear*: dillo ancora, per piacere, non ti ho inteso, say it again, please, I didn't hear you; ho inteso dire che è partito per l'America, I have heard that he has left for America.

◘ intendersi v.intr.pron. (aver cognizione di) to be a (good) judge, to be an expert (in sthg.), to know* (about sthg.): non m'intendo di pittura, I am no judge of painting; non mi intendo di queste cose, I know nothing about these things

◆ v.rifl.rec.

1 (mettersi d'accordo, capirsi) to come* to an agreement, to come* to terms, to agree: non ci siamo intesi sul prezzo, we didn't agree on the price; spero che essi s'intendano, I hope they will come to an agreement; purtroppo ci siamo intesi male e non ci siamo trovati, unfortunately we misunderstood each other and we didn't meet // ci siamo intesi?, is it clear?; intendiamoci bene!, let this be quite clear!

2 (andare d'accordo) to get* on (well) with (s.o.): quei due ragazzi non s'intendono, non fanno che litigare, those two boys do not get on, they do nothing but quarrel // intendersela con qlcu., to have an understanding with s.o.; (avere una relazione amorosa) to have an affair with s.o.

* * *

1. [in'tɛndere]
vb irreg vt
1)

(avere intenzione) intendere fare qc — to intend o mean to do sth, have the intention of doing sth

non intendo farlo — I have no intention of doing it, I don't intend to do it

2) (significare) to mean

cosa intendevi (dire)? — what did you mean?

dipende da cosa intendi per "giustizia" — it depends what you mean by "justice"

3) (capire) to understand

mi ha dato a intendere che... — he led me to believe that...

ha lasciato intendere che... — he gave (me o us) to understand that...

ma io non la intendo così — I don't see things that way

puoi intenderla come vuoi — you can take it how you like

non riesce a farsi intendere — he cannot make himself understood

s'intende! — naturally!, of course!

s'intende che verrai anche tu! — you'll be coming too, of course!

4) (udire) to hear

ho inteso dire che... — I've heard (it said) that...

non vuole intendere ragione — he won't listen to reason

2. vr (intendersi)

(uso reciproco: capirsi) to understand each other, get on (well)

intendersi con qn su qc — (accordarsi) to come to an agreement with sb about sth

intendiamoci — let's get it quite clear

ci siamo intesi? — is that clear?, is that understood?

cominciamo a intenderci — we're beginning to understand each other

3. vip (intendersi)

1) (conoscere bene)

intendersi di qc — to know a lot about sth, (cibi, vini) to be a connoisseur of sth

si intende di fotografia — she knows about photography

me ne intendo poco — I know very little about it

2) (avere una relazione amorosa)

intendersela (con qn) — to have an affair with sb

* * *
[in'tɛndere] 1.
verbo transitivo

1) (capire) to understand*

fare o lasciare intendere che to imply o suggest that; dare a intendere a qcn. che to give sb. to believe o understand (that); non diede a intendere che sapeva he gave no hint of knowing; intendere qcs. male to misunderstand sth.; non vuole intendere ragione he won't listen to reason; s'intende of course, naturally; essere capace di intendere e di volere dir. to be compos mentis o of sound mind; (concepire) intendere la politica come un mestiere — to see politics as a job

2) (avere intenzione di) to intend

non intendo rimanere — I have no intention of staying

cosa intendi dire (con questo)? — what do you mean (by that)?

non intende farti male — he doesn't mean you any harm

intendevo farlo comunque — I was planning to do that anyway

3) (sentire) to hear* [ rumore]
2.
verbo pronominale intendersi

1) (capirsi)

intendiamoci... — mind you..., let's get this straight...

tanto per intenderci... — just to make things clear...

ci siamo intesi al volo — we understood each other immediately

2) (andare d'accordo)

-rsi con qcn. — to get on o along with sb.

- rsi a meraviglia — to get on o along famously, to get on like a house on fire

3) (comunicare)

- rsi a gesti — to communicate by gestures

4) (essere esperto)

- rsi di — to know about [musica, cinema]

5) (accordarsi)

non ci siamo intesi sul prezzo — we didn't agree on the price

6) intendersela (avere una relazione)

se la intendono — they are having an affair; (complottare)

intendersela con qcn. — to be in league with sb

••

chi ha orecchie per intendere, intenda — a word to the wise

* * *

intendere

/in'tεndere/ [10]

I verbo transitivo

1 (capire) to understand*; fare o lasciare intendere che to imply o suggest that; dare a intendere a qcn. che to give sb. to believe o understand (that); non diede a intendere che sapeva he gave no hint of knowing; intendere qcs. male to misunderstand sth.; non vuole intendere ragione he won't listen to reason; s'intende of course, naturally; essere capace di intendere e di volere dir. to be compos mentis o of sound mind; (concepire) intendere la politica come un mestiere to see politics as a job

2 (avere intenzione di) to intend; non intendo rimanere I have no intention of staying; cosa intendi dire (con questo)? what do you mean (by that)? non intende farti male he doesn't mean you any harm; intendevo farlo comunque I was planning to do that anyway

3 (sentire) to hear* [ rumore]

II intendersi verbo pronominale

1 (capirsi) intendiamoci... mind you..., let's get this straight...; tanto per intenderci... just to make things clear...; ci siamo intesi al volo we understood each other immediately

2 (andare d'accordo) -rsi con qcn. to get on o along with sb.; - rsi a meraviglia to get on o along famously, to get on like a house on fire

3 (comunicare) - rsi a gesti to communicate by gestures

4 (essere esperto) - rsi di to know about [musica, cinema]

5 (accordarsi) non ci siamo intesi sul prezzo we didn't agree on the price

6 intendersela (avere una relazione) se la intendono they are having an affair; (complottare) intendersela con qcn. to be in league with sb.

IDIOMS

chi ha orecchie per intendere, intenda a word to the wise.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > intendere
128 Murdock (Murdoch), William

SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Public utilities

[br]

b. 21 August 1754 Cumnock, Ayrshire, Scotland

d. 15 November 1839 Handsworth, Birmingham, England

[br]

Scottish engineer and inventor, pioneer in coal-gas production.

[br]

He was the third child and the eldest of three boys born to John Murdoch and Anna Bruce. His father, a millwright and joiner, spelled his name Murdock on moving to England. He was educated for some years at Old Cumnock Parish School and in 1777, with his father, he built a "wooden horse", supposed to have been a form of cycle. In 1777 he set out for the Soho manufactory of Boulton \& Watt, where he quickly found employment, Boulton supposedly being impressed by the lad's hat. This was oval and made of wood, and young William had turned it himself on a lathe of his own manufacture. Murdock quickly became Boulton \& Watt's representative in Cornwall, where there was a flourishing demand for steam-engines. He lived at Redruth during this period.

It is said that a number of the inventions generally ascribed to James Watt are in fact as much due to Murdock as to Watt. Examples are the piston and slide valve and the sun-and-planet gearing. A number of other inventions are attributed to Murdock alone: typical of these is the oscillating cylinder engine which obviated the need for an overhead beam.

In about 1784 he planned a steam-driven road carriage of which he made a working model. He also planned a high-pressure non-condensing engine. The model carriage was demonstrated before Murdock's friends and travelled at a speed of 6–8 mph (10–13 km/h). Boulton and Watt were both antagonistic to their employees' developing independent inventions, and when in 1786 Murdock set out with his model for the Patent Office, having received no reply to a letter he had sent to Watt, Boulton intercepted him on the open road near Exeter and dissuaded him from going any further.

In 1785 he married Mary Painter, daughter of a mine captain. She bore him four children, two of whom died in infancy, those surviving eventually joining their father at the Soho Works. Murdock was a great believer in pneumatic power: he had a pneumatic bell-push at Sycamore House, his home near Soho. The pattern-makers lathe at the Soho Works worked for thirty-five years from an air motor. He also conceived the idea of a vacuum piston engine to exhaust a pipe, later developed by the London Pneumatic Despatch Company's railway and the forerunner of the atmospheric railway.

Another field in which Murdock was a pioneer was the gas industry. In 1791, in Redruth, he was experimenting with different feedstocks in his home-cum-office in Cross Street: of wood, peat and coal, he preferred the last. He designed and built in the backyard of his house a prototype generator, washer, storage and distribution plant, and publicized the efficiency of coal gas as an illuminant by using it to light his own home. In 1794 or 1795 he informed Boulton and Watt of his experimental work and of its success, suggesting that a patent should be applied for. James Watt Junior was now in the firm and was against patenting the idea since they had had so much trouble with previous patents and had been involved in so much litigation. He refused Murdock's request and for a short time Murdock left the firm to go home to his father's mill. Boulton \& Watt soon recognized the loss of a valuable servant and, in a short time, he was again employed at Soho, now as Engineer and Superintendent at the increased salary of £300 per year plus a 1 per cent commission. From this income, he left £14,000 when he died in 1839.

In 1798 the workshops of Boulton and Watt were permanently lit by gas, starting with the foundry building. The 180 ft (55 m) façade of the Soho works was illuminated by gas for the Peace of Paris in June 1814. By 1804, Murdock had brought his apparatus to a point where Boulton \& Watt were able to canvas for orders. Murdock continued with the company after the death of James Watt in 1819, but retired in 1830 and continued to live at Sycamore House, Handsworth, near Birmingham.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Royal Society Rumford Gold Medal 1808.

Further Reading

S.Smiles, 1861, Lives of the Engineers, Vol. IV: Boulton and Watt, London: John Murray.

H.W.Dickinson and R.Jenkins, 1927, James Watt and the Steam Engine, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

J.A.McCash, 1966, "William Murdoch. Faithful servant" in E.G.Semler (ed.), The Great Masters. Engineering Heritage, Vol. II, London: Institution of Mechanical Engineers/Heinemann.

IMcN

Biographical history of technology > Murdock (Murdoch), William

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