Перевод: с латинского на английский

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aliquid+tert

  • 1 aliquid

    ălĭquis, aliquid; plur. aliqui [alius-quis; cf. Engl. somebody or other, i.e. some person [p. 88] obscurely definite; v. Donald. Varron. p. 381 sq.] ( fem. sing. rare).— Abl. sing. aliqui, Plaut. Aul. prol. 24; id. Most. 1, 3, 18; id. Truc. 5, 30; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11.— Nom. plur. masc. aliques, analog. to ques, from quis, acc. to Charis. 133 P.— Nom. and acc. plur. neutr. always aliqua.— Dat. and abl. plur. aliquibus, Liv. 22, 13;

    oftener aliquis,

    id. 26, 15; 26, 49; Plin. 2, 48, 49, § 131.—Alicui, trisyl., Tib. 4, 7, 2), indef. subst. pron., some one, somebody, any one, something, any thing; in the plur., some, any (it is opp. to an object definitely stated, as also to no one, nobody. The synn. quis, aliquis, and quidam designate an object not denoted by name; quis leaves not merely the object, but even its existence, uncertain; hence it is in gen. used in hypoth. and conditional clauses, with si, nisi, num, quando, etc.; aliquis, more emphatic than quis, denotes that an object really exists, but that nothing depends upon its individuality; no matter of what kind it may be, if it is only one, and not none; quidam indicates not merely the existence and individuality of an object, but that it is known as such to the speaker, only that he is not acquainted with, or does not choose to give, its more definite relations; cf. Jahn ad Ov. M. 9, 429, and the works there referred to).
    I.
    A.. In gen.: nam nos decebat domum Lugere, ubi esset aliquis in lucem editus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (as a transl. of Eurip. Cresph. Fragm. ap. Stob. tit. 121, Edei gar hêmas sullogon poioumenous Ton phunta thrênein, etc.):

    Ervom tibi aliquis cras faxo ad villam adferat,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 65:

    hunc videre saepe optabamus diem, Quom ex te esset aliquis, qui te appellaret patrem,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:

    utinam modo agatur aliquid!

    Cic. Att. 3, 15:

    aliquid facerem, ut hoc ne facerem,

    I would do any thing, that I might not do this, Ter. And. 1, 5, 24; so id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:

    fit plerumque, ut ei, qui boni quid volunt adferre, adfingant aliquid, quo faciant id, quod nuntiant, laetius,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 3:

    quamvis enim demersae sunt leges alicujus opibus,

    id. Off. 2, 7, 24:

    quod motum adfert alicui,

    to any thing, id. Tusc. 1, 23, 53: te donabo ego hodie aliqui (abl.), Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 18; so, gaudere aliqui me volo, in some thing (or some way), id. Truc. 5, 30:

    nec manibus humanis (Deus) colitur indigens aliquo,

    any thing, Vulg. Act. 17, 25:

    non est tua ulla culpa, si te aliqui timuerunt,

    Cic. Marcell. 6 fin.:

    in narratione, ut aliqua neganda, aliqua adicienda, sic aliqua etiam tacenda,

    Quint. 4, 2, 67:

    sunt aliqua epistulis eorum inserta,

    Tac. Or. 25:

    laudare aliqua, ferre quaedam,

    Quint. 2, 4, 12:

    quaero, utrum aliquid actum an nihil arbitremur,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15: quisquis est ille, si modo est aliquis (i. e. if only there is some one), qui, etc., id. Brut. 73, 255; so id. Ac. 2, 43, 132, etc.; Liv. 2, 10 fin.:

    nunc aliquis dicat mihi: Quid tu?

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 19; so id. ib. 2, 2, 94; 2, 2, 105; 2, 3, 6; 2, 5, 42, and id. Ep. 2, 1, 206.— Fem. sing.:

    Forsitan audieris aliquam certamine cursus Veloces superāsse viros,

    Ov. M. 10, 560:

    si qua tibi spon sa est, haec tibi sive aliqua est,

    id. ib. 4, 326.—
    B.
    Not unfrequently with adj.:

    Novo modo novum aliquid inventum adferre addecet,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 156:

    novum aliquid advertere,

    Tac. A. 15, 30:

    judicabant esse profecto aliquid naturā pulchrum atque praeclarum,

    Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

    mihi ne diuturnum quidem quidquam videtur, in quo est aliquid extremum,

    in which there is any end, id. ib. 19, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 5:

    dignum aliquid elaborare,

    Tac. Or. 9:

    aliquid improvisum, inopinatum,

    Liv. 27, 43:

    aliquid exquisitum,

    Tac. A. 12, 66:

    aliquid illustre et dignum memoriā,

    id. Or. 20:

    sanctum aliquid et providum,

    id. G. 8:

    insigne aliquid faceret eis,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31:

    aliquid magnum,

    Verg. A. 9, 186, and 10, 547:

    quos magnum aliquid deceret, Juv 8, 263: dicens se esse aliquem magnum,

    Vulg. Act. 8, 9:

    majus aliquid et excelsius,

    Tac. A. 3, 53:

    melius aliquid,

    Vulg. Heb. 11, 40:

    deterius aliquid,

    ib. Joan. 5, 14.—Also with unus, to designate a single, but not otherwise defined person:

    ad unum aliquem confugiebant,

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 41 (cf. id. ib. 2, 12, 42: id si ab uno justo et bono viro consequebantur, erant, etc.): sin aliquis excellit unus e multis;

    effert se, si unum aliquid adfert,

    id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; so id. Verr. 2, 2, 52:

    aliquis unus pluresve divitiores,

    id. Rep. 1, 32: nam si natura non prohibet et esse virum bonum et esse dicendiperitum:

    cur non aliquis etiam unus utrumque consequi possit? cur autem non se quisque speret fore illum aliquem?

    that one, Quint. 12, 1, 31; 1, 12, 2.—
    C.
    Partitive with ex, de, or the gen.:

    aliquis ex vobis,

    Cic. Cael. 3:

    aliquem ex privatis audimus jussisse, etc.,

    Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22:

    ex principibus aliquis,

    Vulg. Joan. 7, 48; ib. Rom. 11, 14:

    aliquis de tribus nobis,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 7:

    si de iis aliqui remanserint,

    Vulg. Lev. 26, 39; ib. 2 Reg. 9, 3:

    suorum aliquis,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 9:

    exspectabam aliquem meorum,

    id. Att. 13, 15: succurret fortasse alicui vestrūm, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1:

    trium rerum aliqua consequemur,

    Cic. Part. 8, 30:

    impetratum ab aliquo vestrūm,

    Tac. Or. 15; so Vulg. 1 Cor. 6, 1:

    principum aliquis,

    Tac. G. 13:

    cum popularibus et aliquibus principum,

    Liv. 22, 13:

    horum aliquid,

    Vulg. Lev. 15, 10.—
    D.
    Aliquid (nom. or acc.), with gen. of a subst. or of a neutr, adj. of second decl. instead of the adj. aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, agreeing with such word:

    aliquid pugnae,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 54:

    vestimenti aridi,

    id. Rud. 2, 6, 16:

    consilii,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 71:

    monstri,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 15:

    scitamentorum,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 26:

    armorum,

    Tac. G. 18:

    boni,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 5; Ter. And. 2, 3, 24; Vulg. Joan. 1, 46:

    aequi,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 33:

    mali,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 60; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 29:

    novi,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1; Vulg. Act. 17, 21:

    potionis,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 22:

    virium,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 18:

    falsi,

    id. Caecin. 1, 3:

    vacui,

    Quint. 10, 6, 1:

    mdefensi,

    Liv. 26, 5 al. —Very rarely in abl.:

    aliquo loci morari,

    Dig. 18, 7, 1.—
    E.
    Frequently, esp. in Cic., with the kindred words aliquando, alicubi, aliquo, etc., for the sake of emphasis or rhetorical fulness, Cic. Planc. 14, 35:

    asperius locutus est aliquid aliquando,

    id. ib. 13, 33; id. Sest. 6, 14; id. Mil. 25, 67:

    non despero fore aliquem aliquando,

    id. de Or. 1, 21, 95; id. Rep. 1, 9; id. Or. 42, 144; id. Fam. 7, 11 med.: evadat saltem aliquid aliquā, quod conatus sum, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1; App. Mag. p. 295, 17 al.—
    F.
    In conditional clauses with si, nisi, quod si, etc.:

    si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius dimisisset,

    Cic. Phil. 13, 1: si aliquid ( really any thing, in contrast with nihil) dandum est voluptati, id. Sen. 13, 44: quod si non possimus aliquid proficere suadendo, Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 5:

    Quod si de iis aliqui remanserint,

    Vulg. Lev. 26, 39:

    si quando aliquid tamquam aliqua fabella narratur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 59:

    si quis vobis aliquid dixerit,

    Vulg. Matt. 21, 3; ib. Luc. 19, 8:

    si aliquem, cui narraret, habuisset,

    Cic. Lael. 23, 88:

    si aliquem nacti sumus, cujus, etc.,

    id. ib. 8, 27:

    cui (puero) si aliquid erit,

    id. Fam. 14, 1:

    nisi alicui suorum negotium daret,

    Nep. Dion, 8, 2:

    si aliquid eorum praestitit,

    Liv. 24, 8.—
    G.
    In negative clauses with ne:

    Pompeius cavebat omnia, no aliquid vos timeretis,

    Cic. Mil. 24, 66:

    ne, si tibi sit pecunia adempta, aliquis dicat,

    Nep. Epam. 4, 4:

    ne alicui dicerent,

    Vulg. Luc. 8, 46.—
    H.
    In Plaut. and Ter. collect. with a plur. verb (cf. tis, Matth. Gr. 673): aperite atque Erotium aliquis evocate, open, some one (of you), etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 111 (cf. id. Ps. 5, 1, 37:

    me adesse quis nuntiate): aperite aliquis actutum ostium,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 27.—
    I.
    In Verg. once with the second person sing.:

    Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor, Qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos,

    Verg. A. 4, 625.
    In the following passages, with the critical authority added, aliquis seems to stand for the adj.
    aliqui, as nemo sometimes stands with a noun for the adj. nullus:

    nos quibus est alicunde aliquis objectus labos,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6 Fleck.;

    Et ait idem, ut aliquis metus adjunctus sit ad gratiam,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24 B. and K.:

    num igitur aliquis dolor in corpore est?

    id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 iid.:

    ut aliquis nos deus tolleret,

    id. Am. 23, 87 iid.: sin casus aliquis interpellārit, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8 iid.:

    si deus aliquis vitas repente mutāsset,

    Tac. Or. 41 Halm:

    sic est aliquis oratorum campus,

    id. ib. 39 id.:

    sive sensus aliquis argutā sententiā effulsit,

    id. ib. 20 id. A similar use of aliquid for the adj. aliquod was asserted to exist in Plaut. by Lind. ad Cic. Inv. 2, 6, 399, and this is repeated by Klotz, s. v. aliquis, but Lemaire's Index gives only one instance: ni occupo aliquid mihi consilium, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94, where Brix now reads aliquod.
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    With alius, aliud: some or any other, something else, any thing else:

    dum aliud aliquid flagitii conficiat,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:

    potest fieri, ut alius aliquis Cornelius sit,

    Cic. Fragm. B. VI. 21:

    ut per alium aliquem te ipsum ulciscantur,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 22:

    non est in alio aliquo salus,

    Vulg. Act. 4, 12:

    aliquid aliud promittere,

    Petr. 10, 5 al. —
    B.
    And with the idea of alius implied, in opp. to a definite object or objects, some or any other, something else, any thing else: aut ture aut vino aut aliqui (abl.) semper supplicat, Plaut. Aul prol. 24:

    vellem aliquid Antonio praeter illum libellum libuisset scribere,

    Cic. Brut. 44:

    aut ipse occurrebat aut aliquos mittebat,

    Liv. 34, 38:

    cum seditionem sedare vellem, cum frumentum imperarem..., cum aliquid denique rei publicae causā gererem,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 27, 20: commentabar declamitans saepe cum M. Pisone et cum Q. Pompeio aut cum aliquo cotidie id. Brut. 90, 310; Vell. 1, 17; Tac. A. 1, 4: (Tiberius) neque spectacula omnino edidit;

    et iis, quae ab aliquo ederentur, rarissime interfuit,

    Suet. Tib. 47.—
    C.
    In a pregn. signif. as in Gr. tis, ti, something considerable, important, or great = aliquid magnum (v. supra. I. B.; cf. in Gr. hoti oiesthe ti poiein ouden poiountes, Plat. Symp. 1, 4):

    non omnia in ducis, aliquid et in militum manu esse,

    Liv. 45, 36.—Hence, esp.,
    1.
    Esse aliquem or aliquid, to be somebody or something, i. e to be of some worth, value, or note, to be esteemed:

    atque fac, ut me velis esse aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 3, 15 fin.:

    aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris dignum, si vis esse aliquis,

    Juv. 1, 73:

    an quidquam stultius quam quos singulos contemnas, eos esse aliquid putare universos?

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 104:

    exstitit Theodas dicens se esse aliquem,

    Vulg. Act. 5, 36: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid. Cic. Att. 4, 2:

    ego quoque aliquid sum,

    id. Fam. 6, 18:

    qui videbantur aliquid esse,

    Vulg. Gal. 2, 2; 2, 6: quod te cum Culeone scribis de privilegio locutum, est aliquid ( it is something, it is no trifle):

    sed, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 3, 15: est istuc quidem aliquid, sed, etc.; id. Sen. 3; id. Cat. 1, 4:

    est aliquid nupsisse Jovi,

    Ov. F. 6, 27:

    Est aliquid de tot Graiorum milibus unum A Diomede legi,

    id. M. 13, 241:

    est aliquid unius sese dominum fecisse lacertae,

    Juv. 3, 230:

    omina sunt aliquid,

    Ov. Am. 1, 12, 3; so,

    crimen abesse,

    id. F. 1, 484:

    Sunt aliquid Manes,

    Prop. 5, 7, 1:

    est aliquid eloquentia,

    Quint. 1, prooem. fin.
    2.
    Dicere aliquid, like legein ti, to say something worth the while:

    diceres aliquid et magno quidem philosopho dignum,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 16, 35; cf. Herm. ad Vig. 731; 755; so, assequi aliquid, to effect something considerable:

    Etenim si nunc aliquid assequi se putant, qui ostium Ponti viderunt,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 45.—
    3.
    In colloquial lang.: fiet aliquid, something important or great, will, may come to pass or happen: Ch. Invenietur, exquiretur, aliquid fiet. Eu. Enicas. Jam istuc aliquid fiet, metuo, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 25:

    mane, aliquid fiet, ne abi,

    id. Truc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14.—
    D.
    Ad aliquid esse, in gram. lang., to refer or relate to something else, e. g. pater, filius, frater, etc. (v. ad):

    idem cum interrogantur, cur aper apri et pater patris faciat, il lud nomen positum, hoc ad aliquid esse contendunt,

    Quint. 1, 6, 13 Halm.—
    E.
    Atque aliquis, poet. in imitation of hôide de tis, and thus some one (Hom. II. 7, 178;

    7, 201 al.): Atque aliquis, magno quaerens exempla timori, Non alios, inquit, motus, etc.,

    Luc. 2, 67 Web.; Stat. Th. 1, 171; Claud. Eutr. 1, 350.—
    F.
    It is sometimes omitted before qui, esp. in the phrase est qui, sunt qui:

    praemittebatque de stipulatoribus suis, qui perscrutarentur, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:

    sunt quibus in satirā videar nimis acer,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 1:

    sunt qui adiciant his evidentiam, quae, etc.,

    Quint. 4, 2, § 63 (cf. on the contr. § 69: verum in his quoque confessionibus est aliquid. quod ex invidiā detrahi possit).—
    G.
    Aliquid, like nihil (q. v. I. g), is used of persons:

    Hinc ad Antonium nemo, illinc ad Caesarem cotidie aliquid transfugiebat,

    Vell. 2, 84, 2 (cf. in Gr. tôn d allôn ou per ti... oute theôn out anthrôpôn, Hom. H. Ven. 34 sq. Herm.).— Hence the advv.
    A.
    ălĭquid (prop. acc. denoting in what respect, with a verb or [p. 89] adj.; so in Gr. ti), somewhat, in something, in some degree, to some extent:

    illud vereor, ne tibi illum succensere aliquid suspicere,

    Cic. Deiot. 13, 35:

    si in me aliquid offendistis,

    at all, in any respect, id. Mil. 36, 99:

    quos tamen aliquid usus ac disciplina sublevarent,

    somewhat, Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    Philippi regnum officere aliquid videtur libertati vestrae,

    Liv. 31, 29:

    Nos aliquid Rutulos contra juvisse nefandum est?

    Verg. A. 10, 84:

    neque circumcisio aliquid valet,

    Vulg. Gal. 6, 15:

    perlucens jam aliquid, incerta tamen lux,

    Liv. 41, 2:

    aliquid et spatio fessus,

    Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 54; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 259; Ellendt ad Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35.—
    B.
    ălĭquō (from aliquoi, old dat. denoting direction whither; cf.: eo, quo, alio, etc.).
    1.
    Somewhither (arch.), to some place, somewhere; in the comic poets sometimes also with a subst. added, which designates the place more definitely:

    ut aliquo ex urbe amoveas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 94:

    aliquo abicere,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26:

    concludere,

    id. Eun. 4, 3, 25 (cf. id. Ad. 4, 2, 13, in cellam aliquam concludere):

    ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 17:

    demigrandum potius aliquo est quam, etc.,

    id. Dom. 100:

    aliquem aliquo impellere,

    id. Vatin. 15:

    aliquo exire,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 1:

    aliquo advenire vel sicunde discedere,

    Suet. Calig. 4; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 51; id. Men. 5, 1, 3:

    in angulum Aliquo abire,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 10; 3, 3, 6:

    aliquem rus aliquo educere,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3.—With a gen., like quo, ubi, etc.: migrandum Rhodum aut aliquo terrarum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 5.—
    2.
    With the idea of alio implied, = alio quo, somewhere else, to some other place (cf. aliquis, II. B.):

    dum proficiscor aliquo,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 28:

    at certe ut hinc concedas aliquo,

    id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11:

    si te parentes timerent atque odissent tui, ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 265.—
    C.
    ălĭquam, adv. (prop. acc. fem.), = in aliquam partem, in some degree; only in connection with diu, multus, and plures.
    1.
    Aliquam diu (B. and K.), or together aliquamdiu (Madv., Halm, Dietsch), awhile, for a while, for some time; also pregn., for some considerable time (most freq. in the histt., esp. Cæs. and Livy; also in Cic.).
    a.
    Absol.:

    ut non aliquando condemnatum esse Oppianicum, sed aliquam diu incolumem fuisse miremini,

    Cic. Clu. 9, 25:

    Aristum Athenis audivit aliquam diu,

    id. Ac. 1, 3, 12:

    in vincula conjectus est, in quibus aliquamdiu fuit,

    Nep. Con. 5, 3;

    id. Dion, 3, 1: quā in parte rex affuit, ibi aliquamdiu certatum,

    Sall. J. 74, 3; Liv. 3, 70, 4.—
    b.
    Often followed by deinde, postea, postremo, tandem, etc.:

    pugnatur aliquamdiu pari contentione: deinde, etc., Auct. B. G. 8, 19, 3: cunctati aliquamdiu sunt: pudor deinde commovit aciem,

    Liv. 2, 10, 9; so id. 1, 16:

    quos aliquamdiu inermos timuissent, hos postea armatos superāssent,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 6:

    controversia aliquamdiu fuit: postremo, etc.,

    Liv. 3, 32, 7; 25, 15, 14; 45, 6, 6:

    ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit: tandem, etc.,

    Liv. 29, 2, 15; 34, 28, 4 and 11; Suet. Ner. 6.—
    * c.
    With donec, as a more definite limitation of time, some time... until, a considerable time... until:

    exanimis aliquamdiu jacuit, donec, etc.,

    Suet. Caes. 82. —
    d.
    Meton., for a long distance; most freq. of rivers:

    Rhodanus aliquamdiu Gallias dirimit,

    Mel. 2, 5, 5; so id. 3, 5, 6; 3, 9, 8 al.—Of the Corycian cave in Cilicia:

    deinde aliquamdiu perspicuus, mox, et quo magis subitur, obscurior,

    Mel. 1, 13.—
    2.
    Aliquam multi, or aliquammulti, somewhat many, considerable in number or quantity (mostly post-class.):

    sunt vestrūm aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognōrunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56 B. and K.: aliquammultos non comparuisse, * Gell. 3, 10, 17 Hertz:

    aliquammultis diebus decumbo,

    App. Mag. p. 320, 10.—Also adv.: aliquam multum, something much, to a considerable distance, considerably:

    sed haec defensio, ut dixi, aliquam multum a me remota est,

    App. Mag. p. 276, 7 dub.—And comp. * aliquam plures, somewhat more, considerably more:

    aliquam pluribus et amarioribus perorantem,

    Tert. Apol. 12 dub.; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 243.—
    D.
    ălĭquā, adv. (prop. abl. fem.).
    1.
    Somewhere (like mod. Engl. somewhere for somewhither):

    antevenito aliquā aliquos,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 66: aliquā evolare si posset, * Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:

    si quā evasissent aliquā,

    Liv. 26, 27, 12.—
    2.
    Transf. to action, in some way or other, in some manner, = aliquo modo:

    aliquid aliquā sentire,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62: evadere aliquā, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1:

    aliquid aliquā resciscere,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 19, and 4, 1, 19: aliquā nocere, * Verg. E. 3, 15:

    aliquā obesse,

    App. Mag. p. 295, 17.—
    E.
    ălĭqui, adv. (prop. abl. = aliquo modo), in some way, somehow:

    Quamquam ego tibi videor stultus, gaudere me aliqui volo,

    Plaut. Truc. 5, 30 (but in this and like cases, aliqui may be treated as the abl. subst.; cf. supra, I. A.); cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 242.
    The forms aliqua, neutr.
    plur., and aliquam, acc., and aliquā, abl., used adverbially, may also be referred to the adj. ălĭqui, ălĭqua, ălĭquod.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aliquid

  • 2 subostendo

    sŭb-ostendo, di, sum, 3, v. a., to point out secretly, to show indirectly (post-class.):

    aliquid,

    Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 38 med.; id. adv. Valent. 1:

    spes adventus Domini subostensa,

    id. Bapt. 19; id. Anim. 12.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > subostendo

  • 3 aliquis

    ălĭquis, aliquid; plur. aliqui [alius-quis; cf. Engl. somebody or other, i.e. some person [p. 88] obscurely definite; v. Donald. Varron. p. 381 sq.] ( fem. sing. rare).— Abl. sing. aliqui, Plaut. Aul. prol. 24; id. Most. 1, 3, 18; id. Truc. 5, 30; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11.— Nom. plur. masc. aliques, analog. to ques, from quis, acc. to Charis. 133 P.— Nom. and acc. plur. neutr. always aliqua.— Dat. and abl. plur. aliquibus, Liv. 22, 13;

    oftener aliquis,

    id. 26, 15; 26, 49; Plin. 2, 48, 49, § 131.—Alicui, trisyl., Tib. 4, 7, 2), indef. subst. pron., some one, somebody, any one, something, any thing; in the plur., some, any (it is opp. to an object definitely stated, as also to no one, nobody. The synn. quis, aliquis, and quidam designate an object not denoted by name; quis leaves not merely the object, but even its existence, uncertain; hence it is in gen. used in hypoth. and conditional clauses, with si, nisi, num, quando, etc.; aliquis, more emphatic than quis, denotes that an object really exists, but that nothing depends upon its individuality; no matter of what kind it may be, if it is only one, and not none; quidam indicates not merely the existence and individuality of an object, but that it is known as such to the speaker, only that he is not acquainted with, or does not choose to give, its more definite relations; cf. Jahn ad Ov. M. 9, 429, and the works there referred to).
    I.
    A.. In gen.: nam nos decebat domum Lugere, ubi esset aliquis in lucem editus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (as a transl. of Eurip. Cresph. Fragm. ap. Stob. tit. 121, Edei gar hêmas sullogon poioumenous Ton phunta thrênein, etc.):

    Ervom tibi aliquis cras faxo ad villam adferat,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 65:

    hunc videre saepe optabamus diem, Quom ex te esset aliquis, qui te appellaret patrem,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:

    utinam modo agatur aliquid!

    Cic. Att. 3, 15:

    aliquid facerem, ut hoc ne facerem,

    I would do any thing, that I might not do this, Ter. And. 1, 5, 24; so id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:

    fit plerumque, ut ei, qui boni quid volunt adferre, adfingant aliquid, quo faciant id, quod nuntiant, laetius,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 3:

    quamvis enim demersae sunt leges alicujus opibus,

    id. Off. 2, 7, 24:

    quod motum adfert alicui,

    to any thing, id. Tusc. 1, 23, 53: te donabo ego hodie aliqui (abl.), Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 18; so, gaudere aliqui me volo, in some thing (or some way), id. Truc. 5, 30:

    nec manibus humanis (Deus) colitur indigens aliquo,

    any thing, Vulg. Act. 17, 25:

    non est tua ulla culpa, si te aliqui timuerunt,

    Cic. Marcell. 6 fin.:

    in narratione, ut aliqua neganda, aliqua adicienda, sic aliqua etiam tacenda,

    Quint. 4, 2, 67:

    sunt aliqua epistulis eorum inserta,

    Tac. Or. 25:

    laudare aliqua, ferre quaedam,

    Quint. 2, 4, 12:

    quaero, utrum aliquid actum an nihil arbitremur,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15: quisquis est ille, si modo est aliquis (i. e. if only there is some one), qui, etc., id. Brut. 73, 255; so id. Ac. 2, 43, 132, etc.; Liv. 2, 10 fin.:

    nunc aliquis dicat mihi: Quid tu?

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 19; so id. ib. 2, 2, 94; 2, 2, 105; 2, 3, 6; 2, 5, 42, and id. Ep. 2, 1, 206.— Fem. sing.:

    Forsitan audieris aliquam certamine cursus Veloces superāsse viros,

    Ov. M. 10, 560:

    si qua tibi spon sa est, haec tibi sive aliqua est,

    id. ib. 4, 326.—
    B.
    Not unfrequently with adj.:

    Novo modo novum aliquid inventum adferre addecet,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 156:

    novum aliquid advertere,

    Tac. A. 15, 30:

    judicabant esse profecto aliquid naturā pulchrum atque praeclarum,

    Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

    mihi ne diuturnum quidem quidquam videtur, in quo est aliquid extremum,

    in which there is any end, id. ib. 19, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 5:

    dignum aliquid elaborare,

    Tac. Or. 9:

    aliquid improvisum, inopinatum,

    Liv. 27, 43:

    aliquid exquisitum,

    Tac. A. 12, 66:

    aliquid illustre et dignum memoriā,

    id. Or. 20:

    sanctum aliquid et providum,

    id. G. 8:

    insigne aliquid faceret eis,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31:

    aliquid magnum,

    Verg. A. 9, 186, and 10, 547:

    quos magnum aliquid deceret, Juv 8, 263: dicens se esse aliquem magnum,

    Vulg. Act. 8, 9:

    majus aliquid et excelsius,

    Tac. A. 3, 53:

    melius aliquid,

    Vulg. Heb. 11, 40:

    deterius aliquid,

    ib. Joan. 5, 14.—Also with unus, to designate a single, but not otherwise defined person:

    ad unum aliquem confugiebant,

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 41 (cf. id. ib. 2, 12, 42: id si ab uno justo et bono viro consequebantur, erant, etc.): sin aliquis excellit unus e multis;

    effert se, si unum aliquid adfert,

    id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; so id. Verr. 2, 2, 52:

    aliquis unus pluresve divitiores,

    id. Rep. 1, 32: nam si natura non prohibet et esse virum bonum et esse dicendiperitum:

    cur non aliquis etiam unus utrumque consequi possit? cur autem non se quisque speret fore illum aliquem?

    that one, Quint. 12, 1, 31; 1, 12, 2.—
    C.
    Partitive with ex, de, or the gen.:

    aliquis ex vobis,

    Cic. Cael. 3:

    aliquem ex privatis audimus jussisse, etc.,

    Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22:

    ex principibus aliquis,

    Vulg. Joan. 7, 48; ib. Rom. 11, 14:

    aliquis de tribus nobis,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 7:

    si de iis aliqui remanserint,

    Vulg. Lev. 26, 39; ib. 2 Reg. 9, 3:

    suorum aliquis,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 9:

    exspectabam aliquem meorum,

    id. Att. 13, 15: succurret fortasse alicui vestrūm, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1:

    trium rerum aliqua consequemur,

    Cic. Part. 8, 30:

    impetratum ab aliquo vestrūm,

    Tac. Or. 15; so Vulg. 1 Cor. 6, 1:

    principum aliquis,

    Tac. G. 13:

    cum popularibus et aliquibus principum,

    Liv. 22, 13:

    horum aliquid,

    Vulg. Lev. 15, 10.—
    D.
    Aliquid (nom. or acc.), with gen. of a subst. or of a neutr, adj. of second decl. instead of the adj. aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, agreeing with such word:

    aliquid pugnae,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 54:

    vestimenti aridi,

    id. Rud. 2, 6, 16:

    consilii,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 71:

    monstri,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 15:

    scitamentorum,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 26:

    armorum,

    Tac. G. 18:

    boni,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 5; Ter. And. 2, 3, 24; Vulg. Joan. 1, 46:

    aequi,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 33:

    mali,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 60; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 29:

    novi,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1; Vulg. Act. 17, 21:

    potionis,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 22:

    virium,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 18:

    falsi,

    id. Caecin. 1, 3:

    vacui,

    Quint. 10, 6, 1:

    mdefensi,

    Liv. 26, 5 al. —Very rarely in abl.:

    aliquo loci morari,

    Dig. 18, 7, 1.—
    E.
    Frequently, esp. in Cic., with the kindred words aliquando, alicubi, aliquo, etc., for the sake of emphasis or rhetorical fulness, Cic. Planc. 14, 35:

    asperius locutus est aliquid aliquando,

    id. ib. 13, 33; id. Sest. 6, 14; id. Mil. 25, 67:

    non despero fore aliquem aliquando,

    id. de Or. 1, 21, 95; id. Rep. 1, 9; id. Or. 42, 144; id. Fam. 7, 11 med.: evadat saltem aliquid aliquā, quod conatus sum, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1; App. Mag. p. 295, 17 al.—
    F.
    In conditional clauses with si, nisi, quod si, etc.:

    si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius dimisisset,

    Cic. Phil. 13, 1: si aliquid ( really any thing, in contrast with nihil) dandum est voluptati, id. Sen. 13, 44: quod si non possimus aliquid proficere suadendo, Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 5:

    Quod si de iis aliqui remanserint,

    Vulg. Lev. 26, 39:

    si quando aliquid tamquam aliqua fabella narratur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 59:

    si quis vobis aliquid dixerit,

    Vulg. Matt. 21, 3; ib. Luc. 19, 8:

    si aliquem, cui narraret, habuisset,

    Cic. Lael. 23, 88:

    si aliquem nacti sumus, cujus, etc.,

    id. ib. 8, 27:

    cui (puero) si aliquid erit,

    id. Fam. 14, 1:

    nisi alicui suorum negotium daret,

    Nep. Dion, 8, 2:

    si aliquid eorum praestitit,

    Liv. 24, 8.—
    G.
    In negative clauses with ne:

    Pompeius cavebat omnia, no aliquid vos timeretis,

    Cic. Mil. 24, 66:

    ne, si tibi sit pecunia adempta, aliquis dicat,

    Nep. Epam. 4, 4:

    ne alicui dicerent,

    Vulg. Luc. 8, 46.—
    H.
    In Plaut. and Ter. collect. with a plur. verb (cf. tis, Matth. Gr. 673): aperite atque Erotium aliquis evocate, open, some one (of you), etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 111 (cf. id. Ps. 5, 1, 37:

    me adesse quis nuntiate): aperite aliquis actutum ostium,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 27.—
    I.
    In Verg. once with the second person sing.:

    Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor, Qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos,

    Verg. A. 4, 625.
    In the following passages, with the critical authority added, aliquis seems to stand for the adj.
    aliqui, as nemo sometimes stands with a noun for the adj. nullus:

    nos quibus est alicunde aliquis objectus labos,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6 Fleck.;

    Et ait idem, ut aliquis metus adjunctus sit ad gratiam,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24 B. and K.:

    num igitur aliquis dolor in corpore est?

    id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 iid.:

    ut aliquis nos deus tolleret,

    id. Am. 23, 87 iid.: sin casus aliquis interpellārit, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8 iid.:

    si deus aliquis vitas repente mutāsset,

    Tac. Or. 41 Halm:

    sic est aliquis oratorum campus,

    id. ib. 39 id.:

    sive sensus aliquis argutā sententiā effulsit,

    id. ib. 20 id. A similar use of aliquid for the adj. aliquod was asserted to exist in Plaut. by Lind. ad Cic. Inv. 2, 6, 399, and this is repeated by Klotz, s. v. aliquis, but Lemaire's Index gives only one instance: ni occupo aliquid mihi consilium, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94, where Brix now reads aliquod.
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    With alius, aliud: some or any other, something else, any thing else:

    dum aliud aliquid flagitii conficiat,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:

    potest fieri, ut alius aliquis Cornelius sit,

    Cic. Fragm. B. VI. 21:

    ut per alium aliquem te ipsum ulciscantur,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 22:

    non est in alio aliquo salus,

    Vulg. Act. 4, 12:

    aliquid aliud promittere,

    Petr. 10, 5 al. —
    B.
    And with the idea of alius implied, in opp. to a definite object or objects, some or any other, something else, any thing else: aut ture aut vino aut aliqui (abl.) semper supplicat, Plaut. Aul prol. 24:

    vellem aliquid Antonio praeter illum libellum libuisset scribere,

    Cic. Brut. 44:

    aut ipse occurrebat aut aliquos mittebat,

    Liv. 34, 38:

    cum seditionem sedare vellem, cum frumentum imperarem..., cum aliquid denique rei publicae causā gererem,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 27, 20: commentabar declamitans saepe cum M. Pisone et cum Q. Pompeio aut cum aliquo cotidie id. Brut. 90, 310; Vell. 1, 17; Tac. A. 1, 4: (Tiberius) neque spectacula omnino edidit;

    et iis, quae ab aliquo ederentur, rarissime interfuit,

    Suet. Tib. 47.—
    C.
    In a pregn. signif. as in Gr. tis, ti, something considerable, important, or great = aliquid magnum (v. supra. I. B.; cf. in Gr. hoti oiesthe ti poiein ouden poiountes, Plat. Symp. 1, 4):

    non omnia in ducis, aliquid et in militum manu esse,

    Liv. 45, 36.—Hence, esp.,
    1.
    Esse aliquem or aliquid, to be somebody or something, i. e to be of some worth, value, or note, to be esteemed:

    atque fac, ut me velis esse aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 3, 15 fin.:

    aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris dignum, si vis esse aliquis,

    Juv. 1, 73:

    an quidquam stultius quam quos singulos contemnas, eos esse aliquid putare universos?

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 104:

    exstitit Theodas dicens se esse aliquem,

    Vulg. Act. 5, 36: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid. Cic. Att. 4, 2:

    ego quoque aliquid sum,

    id. Fam. 6, 18:

    qui videbantur aliquid esse,

    Vulg. Gal. 2, 2; 2, 6: quod te cum Culeone scribis de privilegio locutum, est aliquid ( it is something, it is no trifle):

    sed, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 3, 15: est istuc quidem aliquid, sed, etc.; id. Sen. 3; id. Cat. 1, 4:

    est aliquid nupsisse Jovi,

    Ov. F. 6, 27:

    Est aliquid de tot Graiorum milibus unum A Diomede legi,

    id. M. 13, 241:

    est aliquid unius sese dominum fecisse lacertae,

    Juv. 3, 230:

    omina sunt aliquid,

    Ov. Am. 1, 12, 3; so,

    crimen abesse,

    id. F. 1, 484:

    Sunt aliquid Manes,

    Prop. 5, 7, 1:

    est aliquid eloquentia,

    Quint. 1, prooem. fin.
    2.
    Dicere aliquid, like legein ti, to say something worth the while:

    diceres aliquid et magno quidem philosopho dignum,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 16, 35; cf. Herm. ad Vig. 731; 755; so, assequi aliquid, to effect something considerable:

    Etenim si nunc aliquid assequi se putant, qui ostium Ponti viderunt,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 45.—
    3.
    In colloquial lang.: fiet aliquid, something important or great, will, may come to pass or happen: Ch. Invenietur, exquiretur, aliquid fiet. Eu. Enicas. Jam istuc aliquid fiet, metuo, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 25:

    mane, aliquid fiet, ne abi,

    id. Truc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14.—
    D.
    Ad aliquid esse, in gram. lang., to refer or relate to something else, e. g. pater, filius, frater, etc. (v. ad):

    idem cum interrogantur, cur aper apri et pater patris faciat, il lud nomen positum, hoc ad aliquid esse contendunt,

    Quint. 1, 6, 13 Halm.—
    E.
    Atque aliquis, poet. in imitation of hôide de tis, and thus some one (Hom. II. 7, 178;

    7, 201 al.): Atque aliquis, magno quaerens exempla timori, Non alios, inquit, motus, etc.,

    Luc. 2, 67 Web.; Stat. Th. 1, 171; Claud. Eutr. 1, 350.—
    F.
    It is sometimes omitted before qui, esp. in the phrase est qui, sunt qui:

    praemittebatque de stipulatoribus suis, qui perscrutarentur, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:

    sunt quibus in satirā videar nimis acer,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 1:

    sunt qui adiciant his evidentiam, quae, etc.,

    Quint. 4, 2, § 63 (cf. on the contr. § 69: verum in his quoque confessionibus est aliquid. quod ex invidiā detrahi possit).—
    G.
    Aliquid, like nihil (q. v. I. g), is used of persons:

    Hinc ad Antonium nemo, illinc ad Caesarem cotidie aliquid transfugiebat,

    Vell. 2, 84, 2 (cf. in Gr. tôn d allôn ou per ti... oute theôn out anthrôpôn, Hom. H. Ven. 34 sq. Herm.).— Hence the advv.
    A.
    ălĭquid (prop. acc. denoting in what respect, with a verb or [p. 89] adj.; so in Gr. ti), somewhat, in something, in some degree, to some extent:

    illud vereor, ne tibi illum succensere aliquid suspicere,

    Cic. Deiot. 13, 35:

    si in me aliquid offendistis,

    at all, in any respect, id. Mil. 36, 99:

    quos tamen aliquid usus ac disciplina sublevarent,

    somewhat, Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    Philippi regnum officere aliquid videtur libertati vestrae,

    Liv. 31, 29:

    Nos aliquid Rutulos contra juvisse nefandum est?

    Verg. A. 10, 84:

    neque circumcisio aliquid valet,

    Vulg. Gal. 6, 15:

    perlucens jam aliquid, incerta tamen lux,

    Liv. 41, 2:

    aliquid et spatio fessus,

    Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 54; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 259; Ellendt ad Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35.—
    B.
    ălĭquō (from aliquoi, old dat. denoting direction whither; cf.: eo, quo, alio, etc.).
    1.
    Somewhither (arch.), to some place, somewhere; in the comic poets sometimes also with a subst. added, which designates the place more definitely:

    ut aliquo ex urbe amoveas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 94:

    aliquo abicere,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26:

    concludere,

    id. Eun. 4, 3, 25 (cf. id. Ad. 4, 2, 13, in cellam aliquam concludere):

    ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 17:

    demigrandum potius aliquo est quam, etc.,

    id. Dom. 100:

    aliquem aliquo impellere,

    id. Vatin. 15:

    aliquo exire,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 1:

    aliquo advenire vel sicunde discedere,

    Suet. Calig. 4; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 51; id. Men. 5, 1, 3:

    in angulum Aliquo abire,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 10; 3, 3, 6:

    aliquem rus aliquo educere,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3.—With a gen., like quo, ubi, etc.: migrandum Rhodum aut aliquo terrarum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 5.—
    2.
    With the idea of alio implied, = alio quo, somewhere else, to some other place (cf. aliquis, II. B.):

    dum proficiscor aliquo,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 28:

    at certe ut hinc concedas aliquo,

    id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11:

    si te parentes timerent atque odissent tui, ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 265.—
    C.
    ălĭquam, adv. (prop. acc. fem.), = in aliquam partem, in some degree; only in connection with diu, multus, and plures.
    1.
    Aliquam diu (B. and K.), or together aliquamdiu (Madv., Halm, Dietsch), awhile, for a while, for some time; also pregn., for some considerable time (most freq. in the histt., esp. Cæs. and Livy; also in Cic.).
    a.
    Absol.:

    ut non aliquando condemnatum esse Oppianicum, sed aliquam diu incolumem fuisse miremini,

    Cic. Clu. 9, 25:

    Aristum Athenis audivit aliquam diu,

    id. Ac. 1, 3, 12:

    in vincula conjectus est, in quibus aliquamdiu fuit,

    Nep. Con. 5, 3;

    id. Dion, 3, 1: quā in parte rex affuit, ibi aliquamdiu certatum,

    Sall. J. 74, 3; Liv. 3, 70, 4.—
    b.
    Often followed by deinde, postea, postremo, tandem, etc.:

    pugnatur aliquamdiu pari contentione: deinde, etc., Auct. B. G. 8, 19, 3: cunctati aliquamdiu sunt: pudor deinde commovit aciem,

    Liv. 2, 10, 9; so id. 1, 16:

    quos aliquamdiu inermos timuissent, hos postea armatos superāssent,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 6:

    controversia aliquamdiu fuit: postremo, etc.,

    Liv. 3, 32, 7; 25, 15, 14; 45, 6, 6:

    ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit: tandem, etc.,

    Liv. 29, 2, 15; 34, 28, 4 and 11; Suet. Ner. 6.—
    * c.
    With donec, as a more definite limitation of time, some time... until, a considerable time... until:

    exanimis aliquamdiu jacuit, donec, etc.,

    Suet. Caes. 82. —
    d.
    Meton., for a long distance; most freq. of rivers:

    Rhodanus aliquamdiu Gallias dirimit,

    Mel. 2, 5, 5; so id. 3, 5, 6; 3, 9, 8 al.—Of the Corycian cave in Cilicia:

    deinde aliquamdiu perspicuus, mox, et quo magis subitur, obscurior,

    Mel. 1, 13.—
    2.
    Aliquam multi, or aliquammulti, somewhat many, considerable in number or quantity (mostly post-class.):

    sunt vestrūm aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognōrunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56 B. and K.: aliquammultos non comparuisse, * Gell. 3, 10, 17 Hertz:

    aliquammultis diebus decumbo,

    App. Mag. p. 320, 10.—Also adv.: aliquam multum, something much, to a considerable distance, considerably:

    sed haec defensio, ut dixi, aliquam multum a me remota est,

    App. Mag. p. 276, 7 dub.—And comp. * aliquam plures, somewhat more, considerably more:

    aliquam pluribus et amarioribus perorantem,

    Tert. Apol. 12 dub.; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 243.—
    D.
    ălĭquā, adv. (prop. abl. fem.).
    1.
    Somewhere (like mod. Engl. somewhere for somewhither):

    antevenito aliquā aliquos,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 66: aliquā evolare si posset, * Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:

    si quā evasissent aliquā,

    Liv. 26, 27, 12.—
    2.
    Transf. to action, in some way or other, in some manner, = aliquo modo:

    aliquid aliquā sentire,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62: evadere aliquā, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1:

    aliquid aliquā resciscere,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 19, and 4, 1, 19: aliquā nocere, * Verg. E. 3, 15:

    aliquā obesse,

    App. Mag. p. 295, 17.—
    E.
    ălĭqui, adv. (prop. abl. = aliquo modo), in some way, somehow:

    Quamquam ego tibi videor stultus, gaudere me aliqui volo,

    Plaut. Truc. 5, 30 (but in this and like cases, aliqui may be treated as the abl. subst.; cf. supra, I. A.); cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 242.
    The forms aliqua, neutr.
    plur., and aliquam, acc., and aliquā, abl., used adverbially, may also be referred to the adj. ălĭqui, ălĭqua, ălĭquod.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aliquis

  • 4 aliquod

    ălĭquis, aliquid; plur. aliqui [alius-quis; cf. Engl. somebody or other, i.e. some person [p. 88] obscurely definite; v. Donald. Varron. p. 381 sq.] ( fem. sing. rare).— Abl. sing. aliqui, Plaut. Aul. prol. 24; id. Most. 1, 3, 18; id. Truc. 5, 30; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11.— Nom. plur. masc. aliques, analog. to ques, from quis, acc. to Charis. 133 P.— Nom. and acc. plur. neutr. always aliqua.— Dat. and abl. plur. aliquibus, Liv. 22, 13;

    oftener aliquis,

    id. 26, 15; 26, 49; Plin. 2, 48, 49, § 131.—Alicui, trisyl., Tib. 4, 7, 2), indef. subst. pron., some one, somebody, any one, something, any thing; in the plur., some, any (it is opp. to an object definitely stated, as also to no one, nobody. The synn. quis, aliquis, and quidam designate an object not denoted by name; quis leaves not merely the object, but even its existence, uncertain; hence it is in gen. used in hypoth. and conditional clauses, with si, nisi, num, quando, etc.; aliquis, more emphatic than quis, denotes that an object really exists, but that nothing depends upon its individuality; no matter of what kind it may be, if it is only one, and not none; quidam indicates not merely the existence and individuality of an object, but that it is known as such to the speaker, only that he is not acquainted with, or does not choose to give, its more definite relations; cf. Jahn ad Ov. M. 9, 429, and the works there referred to).
    I.
    A.. In gen.: nam nos decebat domum Lugere, ubi esset aliquis in lucem editus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (as a transl. of Eurip. Cresph. Fragm. ap. Stob. tit. 121, Edei gar hêmas sullogon poioumenous Ton phunta thrênein, etc.):

    Ervom tibi aliquis cras faxo ad villam adferat,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 65:

    hunc videre saepe optabamus diem, Quom ex te esset aliquis, qui te appellaret patrem,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:

    utinam modo agatur aliquid!

    Cic. Att. 3, 15:

    aliquid facerem, ut hoc ne facerem,

    I would do any thing, that I might not do this, Ter. And. 1, 5, 24; so id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:

    fit plerumque, ut ei, qui boni quid volunt adferre, adfingant aliquid, quo faciant id, quod nuntiant, laetius,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 3:

    quamvis enim demersae sunt leges alicujus opibus,

    id. Off. 2, 7, 24:

    quod motum adfert alicui,

    to any thing, id. Tusc. 1, 23, 53: te donabo ego hodie aliqui (abl.), Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 18; so, gaudere aliqui me volo, in some thing (or some way), id. Truc. 5, 30:

    nec manibus humanis (Deus) colitur indigens aliquo,

    any thing, Vulg. Act. 17, 25:

    non est tua ulla culpa, si te aliqui timuerunt,

    Cic. Marcell. 6 fin.:

    in narratione, ut aliqua neganda, aliqua adicienda, sic aliqua etiam tacenda,

    Quint. 4, 2, 67:

    sunt aliqua epistulis eorum inserta,

    Tac. Or. 25:

    laudare aliqua, ferre quaedam,

    Quint. 2, 4, 12:

    quaero, utrum aliquid actum an nihil arbitremur,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15: quisquis est ille, si modo est aliquis (i. e. if only there is some one), qui, etc., id. Brut. 73, 255; so id. Ac. 2, 43, 132, etc.; Liv. 2, 10 fin.:

    nunc aliquis dicat mihi: Quid tu?

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 19; so id. ib. 2, 2, 94; 2, 2, 105; 2, 3, 6; 2, 5, 42, and id. Ep. 2, 1, 206.— Fem. sing.:

    Forsitan audieris aliquam certamine cursus Veloces superāsse viros,

    Ov. M. 10, 560:

    si qua tibi spon sa est, haec tibi sive aliqua est,

    id. ib. 4, 326.—
    B.
    Not unfrequently with adj.:

    Novo modo novum aliquid inventum adferre addecet,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 156:

    novum aliquid advertere,

    Tac. A. 15, 30:

    judicabant esse profecto aliquid naturā pulchrum atque praeclarum,

    Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

    mihi ne diuturnum quidem quidquam videtur, in quo est aliquid extremum,

    in which there is any end, id. ib. 19, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 5:

    dignum aliquid elaborare,

    Tac. Or. 9:

    aliquid improvisum, inopinatum,

    Liv. 27, 43:

    aliquid exquisitum,

    Tac. A. 12, 66:

    aliquid illustre et dignum memoriā,

    id. Or. 20:

    sanctum aliquid et providum,

    id. G. 8:

    insigne aliquid faceret eis,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31:

    aliquid magnum,

    Verg. A. 9, 186, and 10, 547:

    quos magnum aliquid deceret, Juv 8, 263: dicens se esse aliquem magnum,

    Vulg. Act. 8, 9:

    majus aliquid et excelsius,

    Tac. A. 3, 53:

    melius aliquid,

    Vulg. Heb. 11, 40:

    deterius aliquid,

    ib. Joan. 5, 14.—Also with unus, to designate a single, but not otherwise defined person:

    ad unum aliquem confugiebant,

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 41 (cf. id. ib. 2, 12, 42: id si ab uno justo et bono viro consequebantur, erant, etc.): sin aliquis excellit unus e multis;

    effert se, si unum aliquid adfert,

    id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; so id. Verr. 2, 2, 52:

    aliquis unus pluresve divitiores,

    id. Rep. 1, 32: nam si natura non prohibet et esse virum bonum et esse dicendiperitum:

    cur non aliquis etiam unus utrumque consequi possit? cur autem non se quisque speret fore illum aliquem?

    that one, Quint. 12, 1, 31; 1, 12, 2.—
    C.
    Partitive with ex, de, or the gen.:

    aliquis ex vobis,

    Cic. Cael. 3:

    aliquem ex privatis audimus jussisse, etc.,

    Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22:

    ex principibus aliquis,

    Vulg. Joan. 7, 48; ib. Rom. 11, 14:

    aliquis de tribus nobis,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 7:

    si de iis aliqui remanserint,

    Vulg. Lev. 26, 39; ib. 2 Reg. 9, 3:

    suorum aliquis,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 9:

    exspectabam aliquem meorum,

    id. Att. 13, 15: succurret fortasse alicui vestrūm, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1:

    trium rerum aliqua consequemur,

    Cic. Part. 8, 30:

    impetratum ab aliquo vestrūm,

    Tac. Or. 15; so Vulg. 1 Cor. 6, 1:

    principum aliquis,

    Tac. G. 13:

    cum popularibus et aliquibus principum,

    Liv. 22, 13:

    horum aliquid,

    Vulg. Lev. 15, 10.—
    D.
    Aliquid (nom. or acc.), with gen. of a subst. or of a neutr, adj. of second decl. instead of the adj. aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, agreeing with such word:

    aliquid pugnae,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 54:

    vestimenti aridi,

    id. Rud. 2, 6, 16:

    consilii,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 71:

    monstri,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 15:

    scitamentorum,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 26:

    armorum,

    Tac. G. 18:

    boni,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 5; Ter. And. 2, 3, 24; Vulg. Joan. 1, 46:

    aequi,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 33:

    mali,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 60; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 29:

    novi,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1; Vulg. Act. 17, 21:

    potionis,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 22:

    virium,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 18:

    falsi,

    id. Caecin. 1, 3:

    vacui,

    Quint. 10, 6, 1:

    mdefensi,

    Liv. 26, 5 al. —Very rarely in abl.:

    aliquo loci morari,

    Dig. 18, 7, 1.—
    E.
    Frequently, esp. in Cic., with the kindred words aliquando, alicubi, aliquo, etc., for the sake of emphasis or rhetorical fulness, Cic. Planc. 14, 35:

    asperius locutus est aliquid aliquando,

    id. ib. 13, 33; id. Sest. 6, 14; id. Mil. 25, 67:

    non despero fore aliquem aliquando,

    id. de Or. 1, 21, 95; id. Rep. 1, 9; id. Or. 42, 144; id. Fam. 7, 11 med.: evadat saltem aliquid aliquā, quod conatus sum, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1; App. Mag. p. 295, 17 al.—
    F.
    In conditional clauses with si, nisi, quod si, etc.:

    si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius dimisisset,

    Cic. Phil. 13, 1: si aliquid ( really any thing, in contrast with nihil) dandum est voluptati, id. Sen. 13, 44: quod si non possimus aliquid proficere suadendo, Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 5:

    Quod si de iis aliqui remanserint,

    Vulg. Lev. 26, 39:

    si quando aliquid tamquam aliqua fabella narratur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 59:

    si quis vobis aliquid dixerit,

    Vulg. Matt. 21, 3; ib. Luc. 19, 8:

    si aliquem, cui narraret, habuisset,

    Cic. Lael. 23, 88:

    si aliquem nacti sumus, cujus, etc.,

    id. ib. 8, 27:

    cui (puero) si aliquid erit,

    id. Fam. 14, 1:

    nisi alicui suorum negotium daret,

    Nep. Dion, 8, 2:

    si aliquid eorum praestitit,

    Liv. 24, 8.—
    G.
    In negative clauses with ne:

    Pompeius cavebat omnia, no aliquid vos timeretis,

    Cic. Mil. 24, 66:

    ne, si tibi sit pecunia adempta, aliquis dicat,

    Nep. Epam. 4, 4:

    ne alicui dicerent,

    Vulg. Luc. 8, 46.—
    H.
    In Plaut. and Ter. collect. with a plur. verb (cf. tis, Matth. Gr. 673): aperite atque Erotium aliquis evocate, open, some one (of you), etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 111 (cf. id. Ps. 5, 1, 37:

    me adesse quis nuntiate): aperite aliquis actutum ostium,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 27.—
    I.
    In Verg. once with the second person sing.:

    Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor, Qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos,

    Verg. A. 4, 625.
    In the following passages, with the critical authority added, aliquis seems to stand for the adj.
    aliqui, as nemo sometimes stands with a noun for the adj. nullus:

    nos quibus est alicunde aliquis objectus labos,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6 Fleck.;

    Et ait idem, ut aliquis metus adjunctus sit ad gratiam,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24 B. and K.:

    num igitur aliquis dolor in corpore est?

    id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 iid.:

    ut aliquis nos deus tolleret,

    id. Am. 23, 87 iid.: sin casus aliquis interpellārit, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8 iid.:

    si deus aliquis vitas repente mutāsset,

    Tac. Or. 41 Halm:

    sic est aliquis oratorum campus,

    id. ib. 39 id.:

    sive sensus aliquis argutā sententiā effulsit,

    id. ib. 20 id. A similar use of aliquid for the adj. aliquod was asserted to exist in Plaut. by Lind. ad Cic. Inv. 2, 6, 399, and this is repeated by Klotz, s. v. aliquis, but Lemaire's Index gives only one instance: ni occupo aliquid mihi consilium, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94, where Brix now reads aliquod.
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    With alius, aliud: some or any other, something else, any thing else:

    dum aliud aliquid flagitii conficiat,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:

    potest fieri, ut alius aliquis Cornelius sit,

    Cic. Fragm. B. VI. 21:

    ut per alium aliquem te ipsum ulciscantur,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 22:

    non est in alio aliquo salus,

    Vulg. Act. 4, 12:

    aliquid aliud promittere,

    Petr. 10, 5 al. —
    B.
    And with the idea of alius implied, in opp. to a definite object or objects, some or any other, something else, any thing else: aut ture aut vino aut aliqui (abl.) semper supplicat, Plaut. Aul prol. 24:

    vellem aliquid Antonio praeter illum libellum libuisset scribere,

    Cic. Brut. 44:

    aut ipse occurrebat aut aliquos mittebat,

    Liv. 34, 38:

    cum seditionem sedare vellem, cum frumentum imperarem..., cum aliquid denique rei publicae causā gererem,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 27, 20: commentabar declamitans saepe cum M. Pisone et cum Q. Pompeio aut cum aliquo cotidie id. Brut. 90, 310; Vell. 1, 17; Tac. A. 1, 4: (Tiberius) neque spectacula omnino edidit;

    et iis, quae ab aliquo ederentur, rarissime interfuit,

    Suet. Tib. 47.—
    C.
    In a pregn. signif. as in Gr. tis, ti, something considerable, important, or great = aliquid magnum (v. supra. I. B.; cf. in Gr. hoti oiesthe ti poiein ouden poiountes, Plat. Symp. 1, 4):

    non omnia in ducis, aliquid et in militum manu esse,

    Liv. 45, 36.—Hence, esp.,
    1.
    Esse aliquem or aliquid, to be somebody or something, i. e to be of some worth, value, or note, to be esteemed:

    atque fac, ut me velis esse aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 3, 15 fin.:

    aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris dignum, si vis esse aliquis,

    Juv. 1, 73:

    an quidquam stultius quam quos singulos contemnas, eos esse aliquid putare universos?

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 104:

    exstitit Theodas dicens se esse aliquem,

    Vulg. Act. 5, 36: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid. Cic. Att. 4, 2:

    ego quoque aliquid sum,

    id. Fam. 6, 18:

    qui videbantur aliquid esse,

    Vulg. Gal. 2, 2; 2, 6: quod te cum Culeone scribis de privilegio locutum, est aliquid ( it is something, it is no trifle):

    sed, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 3, 15: est istuc quidem aliquid, sed, etc.; id. Sen. 3; id. Cat. 1, 4:

    est aliquid nupsisse Jovi,

    Ov. F. 6, 27:

    Est aliquid de tot Graiorum milibus unum A Diomede legi,

    id. M. 13, 241:

    est aliquid unius sese dominum fecisse lacertae,

    Juv. 3, 230:

    omina sunt aliquid,

    Ov. Am. 1, 12, 3; so,

    crimen abesse,

    id. F. 1, 484:

    Sunt aliquid Manes,

    Prop. 5, 7, 1:

    est aliquid eloquentia,

    Quint. 1, prooem. fin.
    2.
    Dicere aliquid, like legein ti, to say something worth the while:

    diceres aliquid et magno quidem philosopho dignum,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 16, 35; cf. Herm. ad Vig. 731; 755; so, assequi aliquid, to effect something considerable:

    Etenim si nunc aliquid assequi se putant, qui ostium Ponti viderunt,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 45.—
    3.
    In colloquial lang.: fiet aliquid, something important or great, will, may come to pass or happen: Ch. Invenietur, exquiretur, aliquid fiet. Eu. Enicas. Jam istuc aliquid fiet, metuo, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 25:

    mane, aliquid fiet, ne abi,

    id. Truc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14.—
    D.
    Ad aliquid esse, in gram. lang., to refer or relate to something else, e. g. pater, filius, frater, etc. (v. ad):

    idem cum interrogantur, cur aper apri et pater patris faciat, il lud nomen positum, hoc ad aliquid esse contendunt,

    Quint. 1, 6, 13 Halm.—
    E.
    Atque aliquis, poet. in imitation of hôide de tis, and thus some one (Hom. II. 7, 178;

    7, 201 al.): Atque aliquis, magno quaerens exempla timori, Non alios, inquit, motus, etc.,

    Luc. 2, 67 Web.; Stat. Th. 1, 171; Claud. Eutr. 1, 350.—
    F.
    It is sometimes omitted before qui, esp. in the phrase est qui, sunt qui:

    praemittebatque de stipulatoribus suis, qui perscrutarentur, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:

    sunt quibus in satirā videar nimis acer,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 1:

    sunt qui adiciant his evidentiam, quae, etc.,

    Quint. 4, 2, § 63 (cf. on the contr. § 69: verum in his quoque confessionibus est aliquid. quod ex invidiā detrahi possit).—
    G.
    Aliquid, like nihil (q. v. I. g), is used of persons:

    Hinc ad Antonium nemo, illinc ad Caesarem cotidie aliquid transfugiebat,

    Vell. 2, 84, 2 (cf. in Gr. tôn d allôn ou per ti... oute theôn out anthrôpôn, Hom. H. Ven. 34 sq. Herm.).— Hence the advv.
    A.
    ălĭquid (prop. acc. denoting in what respect, with a verb or [p. 89] adj.; so in Gr. ti), somewhat, in something, in some degree, to some extent:

    illud vereor, ne tibi illum succensere aliquid suspicere,

    Cic. Deiot. 13, 35:

    si in me aliquid offendistis,

    at all, in any respect, id. Mil. 36, 99:

    quos tamen aliquid usus ac disciplina sublevarent,

    somewhat, Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    Philippi regnum officere aliquid videtur libertati vestrae,

    Liv. 31, 29:

    Nos aliquid Rutulos contra juvisse nefandum est?

    Verg. A. 10, 84:

    neque circumcisio aliquid valet,

    Vulg. Gal. 6, 15:

    perlucens jam aliquid, incerta tamen lux,

    Liv. 41, 2:

    aliquid et spatio fessus,

    Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 54; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 259; Ellendt ad Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35.—
    B.
    ălĭquō (from aliquoi, old dat. denoting direction whither; cf.: eo, quo, alio, etc.).
    1.
    Somewhither (arch.), to some place, somewhere; in the comic poets sometimes also with a subst. added, which designates the place more definitely:

    ut aliquo ex urbe amoveas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 94:

    aliquo abicere,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26:

    concludere,

    id. Eun. 4, 3, 25 (cf. id. Ad. 4, 2, 13, in cellam aliquam concludere):

    ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 17:

    demigrandum potius aliquo est quam, etc.,

    id. Dom. 100:

    aliquem aliquo impellere,

    id. Vatin. 15:

    aliquo exire,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 1:

    aliquo advenire vel sicunde discedere,

    Suet. Calig. 4; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 51; id. Men. 5, 1, 3:

    in angulum Aliquo abire,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 10; 3, 3, 6:

    aliquem rus aliquo educere,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3.—With a gen., like quo, ubi, etc.: migrandum Rhodum aut aliquo terrarum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 5.—
    2.
    With the idea of alio implied, = alio quo, somewhere else, to some other place (cf. aliquis, II. B.):

    dum proficiscor aliquo,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 28:

    at certe ut hinc concedas aliquo,

    id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11:

    si te parentes timerent atque odissent tui, ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 265.—
    C.
    ălĭquam, adv. (prop. acc. fem.), = in aliquam partem, in some degree; only in connection with diu, multus, and plures.
    1.
    Aliquam diu (B. and K.), or together aliquamdiu (Madv., Halm, Dietsch), awhile, for a while, for some time; also pregn., for some considerable time (most freq. in the histt., esp. Cæs. and Livy; also in Cic.).
    a.
    Absol.:

    ut non aliquando condemnatum esse Oppianicum, sed aliquam diu incolumem fuisse miremini,

    Cic. Clu. 9, 25:

    Aristum Athenis audivit aliquam diu,

    id. Ac. 1, 3, 12:

    in vincula conjectus est, in quibus aliquamdiu fuit,

    Nep. Con. 5, 3;

    id. Dion, 3, 1: quā in parte rex affuit, ibi aliquamdiu certatum,

    Sall. J. 74, 3; Liv. 3, 70, 4.—
    b.
    Often followed by deinde, postea, postremo, tandem, etc.:

    pugnatur aliquamdiu pari contentione: deinde, etc., Auct. B. G. 8, 19, 3: cunctati aliquamdiu sunt: pudor deinde commovit aciem,

    Liv. 2, 10, 9; so id. 1, 16:

    quos aliquamdiu inermos timuissent, hos postea armatos superāssent,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 6:

    controversia aliquamdiu fuit: postremo, etc.,

    Liv. 3, 32, 7; 25, 15, 14; 45, 6, 6:

    ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit: tandem, etc.,

    Liv. 29, 2, 15; 34, 28, 4 and 11; Suet. Ner. 6.—
    * c.
    With donec, as a more definite limitation of time, some time... until, a considerable time... until:

    exanimis aliquamdiu jacuit, donec, etc.,

    Suet. Caes. 82. —
    d.
    Meton., for a long distance; most freq. of rivers:

    Rhodanus aliquamdiu Gallias dirimit,

    Mel. 2, 5, 5; so id. 3, 5, 6; 3, 9, 8 al.—Of the Corycian cave in Cilicia:

    deinde aliquamdiu perspicuus, mox, et quo magis subitur, obscurior,

    Mel. 1, 13.—
    2.
    Aliquam multi, or aliquammulti, somewhat many, considerable in number or quantity (mostly post-class.):

    sunt vestrūm aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognōrunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56 B. and K.: aliquammultos non comparuisse, * Gell. 3, 10, 17 Hertz:

    aliquammultis diebus decumbo,

    App. Mag. p. 320, 10.—Also adv.: aliquam multum, something much, to a considerable distance, considerably:

    sed haec defensio, ut dixi, aliquam multum a me remota est,

    App. Mag. p. 276, 7 dub.—And comp. * aliquam plures, somewhat more, considerably more:

    aliquam pluribus et amarioribus perorantem,

    Tert. Apol. 12 dub.; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 243.—
    D.
    ălĭquā, adv. (prop. abl. fem.).
    1.
    Somewhere (like mod. Engl. somewhere for somewhither):

    antevenito aliquā aliquos,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 66: aliquā evolare si posset, * Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:

    si quā evasissent aliquā,

    Liv. 26, 27, 12.—
    2.
    Transf. to action, in some way or other, in some manner, = aliquo modo:

    aliquid aliquā sentire,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62: evadere aliquā, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1:

    aliquid aliquā resciscere,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 19, and 4, 1, 19: aliquā nocere, * Verg. E. 3, 15:

    aliquā obesse,

    App. Mag. p. 295, 17.—
    E.
    ălĭqui, adv. (prop. abl. = aliquo modo), in some way, somehow:

    Quamquam ego tibi videor stultus, gaudere me aliqui volo,

    Plaut. Truc. 5, 30 (but in this and like cases, aliqui may be treated as the abl. subst.; cf. supra, I. A.); cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 242.
    The forms aliqua, neutr.
    plur., and aliquam, acc., and aliquā, abl., used adverbially, may also be referred to the adj. ălĭqui, ălĭqua, ălĭquod.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aliquod

  • 5 facio

    făcĭo, feci, factum, 3, v. a. and n.; in pass.: fio, factus, fieri ( imper. usually fac, but the arch form face is freq., esp. in Plaut. and Ter., as Plaut. As. prol. 4; 1, 1, 77; id. Aul. 2, 1, 30; id. Cist. 2, 1, 28; id. Ep. 1, 1, 37; 2, 2, 117; id. Most. 3, 2, 167 et saep.; Ter. And. 4, 1, 57; 4, 2, 29; 5, 1, 2; 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 10 al.; Cato, R. R. 23, 1; 26; 32 al.; Cat. 63, 78; 79; 82; Ov. Med. fac. 60; Val. Fl. 7, 179 al.; futur. facie for faciam, Cato ap. Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. dico, init., and the letter e:

    faxo,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 199; 2, 1, 42; 3, 3, 17; 3, 4, 14; 5, 1, 55 et saep.; Ter. And. 5, 2, 13; id. Eun. 2, 2, 54; 4, 3, 21 al.; Verg. A. 9, 154; 12, 316; Ov. M. 3, 271; 12, 594: faxim, Enn. ap. Non. 507, 23; Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 13; id. Aul. 3, 2, 6; 3, 5, 20 al.; Ter. And. 4, 4, 14; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 13:

    faxis,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 38; Sil. 15, 362: faxit, Lex Numae in Paul. ex Fest. s. v. ALIVTA, p. 6 Mull.; Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 90; 3, 5, 54; id. Cas. 3, 5, 6 al.; Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

    faximus,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 40: faxitis, an old form in Liv. 23, 11, 2; 25, 12, 10; 29, 27, 3:

    faxint,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 85; id. Aul. 2, 1, 27; 2, 2, 79 al.; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 109; id. Hec. 1, 2, 27; 3, 2, 19; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 35, § 81; id. Fam. 14, 3, 3.—In pass. imper.:

    fi,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 87; Hor. S. 2, 5, 38; Pers. 1, 1, 39:

    fite,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 89 al. — Indic.: facitur, Nigid. ap. Non. 507, 15: fitur, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 789:

    fiebantur,

    id. ib.: fitum est, Liv. Andron. ap. Non. 475, 16.— Subj.: faciatur, Titin. ib.— Inf.: fiere, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 75 P.; Ann. v. 15, ed. Vahl.; Laev. ap. Gell. 19, 7, 10.—On the long i of fit, v. Ritschl, prol. p. 184, and cf. Plaut. Capt. prol. 25: ut fit in bello) [prob. root bha-; Sanscr. bhasas, light; Gr. pha-, in phainô, phêmi; cf. fax, facetiae, facilis, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 423.—But Curt. refers facio to root the- (strengthened THEK), Griech. Etym. p. 64], to make in all senses, to do, perform, accomplish, prepare, produce, bring to pass, cause, effect, create, commit, perpetrate, form, fashion, etc. (cf. in gen.:

    ago, factito, reddo, operor, tracto): verbum facere omnem omnino faciendi causam complectitur, donandi, solvendi, judicandi, ambulandi, numerandi,

    Dig. 50, 16, 218.
    I.
    Act.
    A.
    In gen.
    (α).
    With acc.: ut faber, cum quid aedificaturus est, non ipse facit materiam, sed ea utitur, quae sit parata, etc.... Quod si non est a deo materia facta, ne terra quidem et aqua et aer et ignis a deo factus est, Cic. N. D. Fragm. ap. Lact. 2, 8 (Cic. ed. Bait. 7, p. 121):

    sphaera ab Archimede facta,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

    fecitque idem et sepsit de manubiis comitium et curiam,

    id. ib. 2, 17:

    aedem,

    id. ib. 2, 20:

    pontem in Arari faciundum curat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 1:

    castra,

    id. ib. 1, 48, 2; Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4:

    faber vasculum fecit,

    Quint. 7, 10, 9:

    classem,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 21, 4:

    cenas et facere et obire,

    Cic. Att. 9, 13, 6:

    ignem lignis viridibus,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 17, § 45:

    poema,

    to compose, id. Pis. 29, 70:

    carmina,

    Juv. 7, 28:

    versus,

    id. 7, 38:

    sermonem,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 1; cf.

    litteram,

    id. Ac. 2, 2, 6: ludos, to celebrate, exhibit = edere, id. Rep. 2, 20; id. Att. 15, 10;

    also i. q. ludificari,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 47:

    sementes,

    i. e. to sow, Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 1:

    messem,

    Col. 2, 10, 28:

    pecuniam,

    to make, acquire, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

    manum (with parare copias),

    to collect, prepare, id. Caecin. 12, 33; so,

    cohortes,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 87, 4:

    exercitum,

    Vell. 2, 109, 2; and:

    auxilia mercede,

    Tac. A. 6, 33:

    iter,

    Cic. Att. 3, 1; id. Planc. 26, 65; id. Div. 1, 33, 73 et saep.; cf.

    also the phrases: aditum sibi ad aures,

    Quint. 4, 1, 46:

    admirationem alicujus rei alicui,

    to excite, Liv. 25, 11, 18; Sen. Ep. 115:

    aes alienum,

    Cic. Att. 13, 46, 4; Liv. 2, 23, 5; Sen. Ep. 119, 1:

    alienationem disjunctionemque,

    Cic. Lael. 21, 76:

    animum alicui,

    Liv. 25, 11, 10:

    arbitrium de aliquo,

    to decide, Hor. C. 4, 7, 21;

    opp. arbitrium alicui in aliqua re,

    i. e. to leave the decision to one, Liv. 43, 15, 5:

    audaciam hosti,

    id. 29, 34, 10:

    audientiam orationi,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 13, 42:

    auspicium alicui,

    Liv. 1, 34, 9; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 86:

    auctoritatem,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 43:

    bellum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35; Caes. B. G. 3, 29, 2:

    multa bona alicui,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 46:

    castra,

    to pitch, Tac. H. 5, 1:

    caulem,

    to form, Col. Arb. 54:

    clamores,

    to make, raise, Cic. Brut. 95, 326:

    cognomen alicui,

    to give, Liv. 1, 3, 9:

    commercium sermonis,

    id. 5, 15, 5:

    concitationes,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 106 fin.:

    conjurationes,

    to form, id. B. G. 4, 30 fin.:

    consuetudinem alicui cum altero,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 23, 1:

    consilia alicui,

    Liv. 35, 42, 8:

    contentionem cum aliquo,

    Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137:

    controversiam,

    to occasion, id. Or. 34, 121:

    convicium magnum alicui,

    id. Fam. 10, 16, 1:

    copiam pugnandi militibus,

    Liv. 7, 13, 10:

    corpus,

    to grow fat, corpulent, Cels. 7, 3 fin.; Phaedr. 3, 7, 5:

    curam,

    Tac. A. 3, 52:

    damnum,

    to suffer, Cic. Brut. 33, 125:

    detrimentum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20:

    desiderium alicujus, rei alicui,

    Liv. 3, 34, 7; 7, 24, 10:

    dicta,

    Ov. F. 2, 375; 3, 515:

    difficultatem,

    Quint. 10, 3, 10 and 16:

    discordiam,

    to cause, Tac. H. 3, 48:

    discrimen,

    Quint. 7, 2, 14; 11, 1, 43:

    disjunctionem (with alienationem),

    Cic. Lael. 21, 76:

    dolorem alicui,

    id. Att. 11, 8, 2:

    dulcedinem,

    Sen. Ep. 111:

    eloquentiam alicui (ira),

    Quint. 6, 2, 26:

    epigramma,

    to write, Cic. Arch. 10, 25:

    errorem,

    Sen. Ep. 67:

    eruptiones ex oppido,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 2, 5:

    exemplum,

    Quint. 5, 2, 2: exempla = edere or statuere, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 66. exercitum, to raise, muster, Tac. A. 6, 33:

    exspectationem,

    Quint. 9, 2, 23:

    facinus,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 1; Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 95; Tac. A. 12, 31:

    facultatem recte judicandi alicui,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 73, § 179:

    fallaciam,

    Ter. And. 1, 8, 7:

    famam ingenii,

    Quint. 11, 2, 46:

    fastidium,

    Liv. 3, 1, 7:

    favorem alicui,

    id. 42, 14, 10; Quint. 4, 1, 33:

    fidem alicui,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 2, 4; id. Att. 7, 8, 1; Quint. 6, 2, 18:

    finem,

    Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; id. Rep. 2, 44:

    formidinem,

    to excite, Tac. H. 3, 10:

    fortunam magnam (with parare),

    Liv. 24, 22, 9:

    fraudem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9; Cic. Att. 4, 12:

    fugam fecerunt, stronger than fugerunt,

    Liv. 8, 9, 12 Weissenb.; Sall. J. 53, 3;

    but: cum fugam in regia fecisset (sc. ceterorum),

    Liv. 1, 56, 4; so,

    fugam facere = fugare,

    id. 21, 5, 16; 21, 52, 10:

    fugam hostium facere,

    id. 22, 24, 8; 26, 4, 8 al.:

    gestum vultu,

    Quint. 11, 3, 71:

    gradum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 3; Quint. 3, 6, 8:

    gratiam alicujus rei,

    Liv. 3, 56, 4; 8, 34, 3:

    gratulationem alicui,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 18, 3; Sen. Ep. 6:

    gratum alicui,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 56; Cic. Rep. 1, 21; cf.:

    gratissimum alicui,

    id. Fam. 7, 21 fin.:

    histrioniam,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 152:

    homicidium,

    to commit, Quint. 5, 9, 9:

    hospitium cum aliquo,

    Cic. Balb. 18, 42:

    imperata,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 3:

    impetum in hostem,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 34; Liv. 25, 11, 2:

    incursionem,

    Liv. 3, 38, 3:

    indicium,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 57, § 150:

    inducias,

    id. Phil. 8, 7, 20:

    initium,

    to begin, id. Agr. 2, 29, 79; cf.:

    initia ab aliquo,

    id. Rep. 1, 19:

    injuriam,

    id. ib. 3, 14 (opp. accipere); Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 4; Quint. 3, 6, 49; 10, 1, 115:

    insidias alicui,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 23:

    iram,

    Quint. 6, 1, 14:

    jacturam,

    Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Fin. 2, 24, 79; Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 7:

    judicium,

    Cic. Att. 7, 23, 2:

    judicatum,

    to execute, id. Fl. 20, 48:

    jus alicui,

    Liv. 32, 13, 6:

    jussa,

    Ov. F. 1, 379:

    laetitiam,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:

    largitiones,

    id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48:

    locum poetarum mendacio,

    Curt. 3, 1, 4:

    locum alicui rei,

    Cels. 2, 14 fin.; 7, 4, 3; Curt. 4, 11, 8; Sen. Ep. 91, 13 et saep.:

    longius,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 22 al.:

    valde magnum,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7:

    medicinam alicui,

    to administer, id. Fam. 14, 7:

    memoriam,

    Quint. 11, 2, 4:

    mentionem,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 11, 2:

    metum,

    to excite, Tac. A. 6, 36:

    turbida lux metum insidiarum faciebat,

    suggested, Liv. 10, 33, 5:

    metum alicui,

    id. 9, 41, 11:

    missum aliquem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

    modum irae,

    Liv. 4, 50, 4:

    moram,

    Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 72:

    morem alicujus rei sibi,

    Liv. 35, 35, 13:

    motus,

    id. 28, 46, 8: multam alicui, Cato ap. Gell. 11, 1, 6:

    munditias,

    id. R. R. 2, 4:

    mutationem,

    Cic. Sest. 12, 27; id. Off. 1, 33, 120:

    multa alicui,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 16:

    naufragium,

    to suffer, id. Fam. 16, 9, 1:

    negotium alicui,

    to give to do, make trouble for, Quint. 5, 12, 13; Just. 21, 4, 4:

    nomen alicui,

    Liv. 8, 15, 8; cf.

    nomina,

    to incur debts, Cic. Off. 3, 14, 59:

    odium vitae,

    Plin. 20, 18, 76, § 199:

    officium suum,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 5, 12:

    omnia amici causa,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 35; id. Fam. 5, 11, 2:

    opinionem alicui,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:

    orationem,

    id. de Or. 1, 14, 63; id. Brut. 8, 30; id. Or. 51, 172:

    otia alicui,

    to grant, Verg. E. 1, 6:

    pacem,

    to conclude, Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109:

    pecuniam ex aliqua re,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

    periculum,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 23; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 9; Tac. A. 13, 33; 16, 19; Sall. C. 33, 1: perniciem alicui, to cause, = parare, Tac. H. 2, 70:

    planum,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 54:

    potestatem,

    id. Cat. 3, 5, 11; id. Rep. 2, 28:

    praedam,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 34, 5; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 156; Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 8:

    praedas ab aliquo,

    Nep. Chabr. 2, 2:

    proelium,

    to join, Caes. B. G. 1, 13; Cic. Deiot. 5, 13; Liv. 25, 1, 5; Tac. H. 4, 79; id. A. 12, 40:

    promissum,

    Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95:

    pudorem,

    Liv. 3, 31, 3:

    ratum,

    id. 28, 39, 16:

    rem,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 12:

    reum,

    to accuse, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38: risum, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 40; 48:

    scelus,

    to commit, Tac. H. 1, 40:

    securitatem alicui,

    Liv. 36, 41, 1:

    sermonem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

    significationem ignibus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 3:

    silentium,

    Liv. 24, 7, 12:

    somnum,

    to induce, Juv. 3, 282:

    spem,

    Cic. Att. 3, 16; Liv. 30, 3, 7:

    spiritus,

    id. 30, 11, 3:

    stercus,

    Col. 2, 15:

    stipendia,

    Sall. J. 63, 3; Liv. 3, 27, 1; 5, 7, 5:

    stomachum alicui,

    Cic. Att. 5, 11, 2; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

    suavium alicui,

    Plaut. As. 4, 1, 53:

    suspicionem,

    Cic. Fl. 33, 83:

    taedium alicujus rei,

    Liv. 4, 57, 11:

    terrorem iis,

    to inflict, id. 10, 25, 8:

    timorem,

    to excite, id. 6, 28, 8:

    mihi timorem,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 2:

    totum,

    Dig. 28, 5, 35:

    transitum alicui,

    Liv. 26, 25, 3:

    turbam,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 2:

    urinam,

    Col. 6, 19:

    usum,

    Quint. 10, 3, 28:

    vadimonium,

    Cic. Quint. 18, 57:

    verbum, verba,

    to speak, talk, id. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 147:

    verbum,

    to invent, id. Fin. 3, 15, 51:

    versus,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 5:

    vestigium,

    id. Rab. Post. 17, 47: viam [p. 717] sibi, Liv. 3, 5, 6:

    vim alicui or in aliquem,

    id. 38, 24, 4; 3, 5, 5:

    vires,

    to get, acquire, Quint. 10, 3, 3:

    vitium,

    Cic. Top. 3, 15 al. —
    (β).
    With ut, ne, quin, or the simple subj.:

    faciam, ut ejus diei locique meique semper meminerit,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 20:

    facere ut remigret domum,

    id. Pers. 4, 6, 3; id. Capt. 3, 4, 78; 4, 2, 77:

    ea, quantum potui, feci, ut essent nota nostris,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 8:

    facito, ut sciam,

    id. Att. 2, 4, 4:

    non potuisti ullo modo facere, ut mihi illam epistolam non mitteres,

    id. ib. 11, 21, 1:

    si facis ut patriae sit idoneus,

    Juv. 14, 71:

    ut nihil ad te dem litterarum facere non possum,

    Cic. Ac. 8, 14, 1; for which, with quin:

    facere non possum, quin ad te mittam,

    I cannot forbear sending, id. ib. 12, 27, 2:

    fecisti, ut ne cui maeror tuus calamitatem afferret,

    id. Clu. 60, 168:

    fac, ne quid aliud cures,

    id. Fam. 16, 11, 1:

    domi assitis, facite,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 53:

    fac fidele sis fidelis,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 79:

    fac cupidus mei videndi sis,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 21, 5:

    fac cogites,

    id. ib. 11, 3, 4.—In pass.:

    fieri potest, ut recte quis sentiat, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 6: potest fieri, ut iratus dixerit, etc., Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 285:

    nec fieri possit, ut non statim alienatio facienda sit,

    id. Lael. 21, 76; so with ut non, id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190 (Zumpt, Gram. § 539).—
    (γ).
    With inf. = efficere, curare, to cause (rare):

    nulla res magis talis oratores videri facit,

    Cic. Brut. 38, 142; Pall. 6, 12:

    aspectus arborum macrescere facit volucres inclusas,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 3; Sall. Fragm. ap. Sen. Ep. 114:

    qui nati coram me cernere letum Fecisti,

    Verg. A. 2, 539; Ov. H. 17, 174:

    mel ter infervere facito,

    Col. 12, 38, 5 (perh. also in Ov. H. 6, 100, instead of favet, v. Loers. ad h. l.; cf. infra, B. 4.).—
    (δ).
    Absol.:

    ego plus, quam feci, facere non possum,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 14, 3:

    faciam, ut potero, Laeli,

    id. de Sen. 3, 7; cf. id. Rep. 1, 24:

    noli putare, pigritia me facere, quod non mea manu scribam,

    id. Att. 16, 15, 1; so,

    facere = hoc or id facere,

    Lucr. 4, 1112 (cf. Munro ad loc.); 1153: vereor ne a te rursus dissentiam. M. Non facies, Quinte, Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33;

    so after scribam,

    id. Att. 16, 16, 15:

    nominaverunt,

    id. Rep. 2, 28, 50;

    after disserere: tu mihi videris utrumque facturus,

    id. ib. 2, 11, 22;

    after fingere: ut facit apud Platonem Socrates,

    id. ib.:

    necesse erit uti epilogis, ut in Verrem Cicero fecit,

    Quint. 6, 1, 54:

    qui dicere ac facere doceat,

    id. 2, 3, 11:

    faciant equites,

    Juv. 7, 14; Liv. 42, 37, 6:

    petis ut libellos meos recognoscendos curem. Faciam,

    Plin. Ep. 4, 26, 1; 5, 1, 4 et saep. (cf. the use of facio, as neutr., to resume or recall the meaning of another verb, v. II. E. infra; between that use and this no line can be drawn).
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    With a double object, to make a thing into something, to render it something:

    senatum bene firmum firmiorem vestra auctoritate fecistis,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

    te disertum,

    id. ib. 2, 39 fin.:

    iratum adversario judicem,

    id. de Or. 1, 51, 220:

    heredem filiam,

    to appoint, constitute, id. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 111:

    aliquem regem,

    Just. 9, 6:

    aliquem ludos,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 75:

    aliquem absentem rei capitalis reum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 93:

    animum dubium,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 27:

    injurias irritas,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 26, § 63:

    vectigalia sibi deteriora,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 4:

    hi consules facti sunt,

    Cic. de Sen. 5, 14:

    disciplina doctior facta civitas,

    id. Rep. 2, 19:

    di ex hominibus facti,

    id. ib. 2, 10; cf.:

    tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti,

    Sall. J. 10, 2.—In pass.:

    quo tibi sumere depositum clavum fierique tribuno?

    to become a tribune, Hor. S. 1, 6, 25.—
    2.
    to value, esteem, regard a person or thing in any manner (like the Engl. make, in the phrase to make much of).—Esp. with gen. pretii:

    in quo perspicere posses, quanti te, quanti Pompeium, quem unum ex omnibus facio, ut debeo, plurimi, quanti Brutum facerem,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 2:

    te quotidie pluris feci,

    id. ib. 3, 4, 2:

    voluptatem virtus minimi facit,

    id. Fin. 2, 13, 42:

    dolorem nihili facere,

    to care nothing for, to despise, id. ib. 27, 88:

    nihili facio scire,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 42:

    negat se magni facere, utrum, etc.,

    Quint. 11, 1, 38:

    parum id facio,

    Sall. J. 85, 31: si illi aliter nos faciant quam aequum sit. Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 43.—
    3.
    With gen., to make a thing the property of a person, subject it to him: omnia, quae mulieris fuerunt, viri fiunt, Cic. Top. 4, 23.—Esp.: facere aliquid dicionis alicujus, to reduce to subjection under a person or power:

    omnem oram Romanae dicionis fecit,

    Liv. 21, 60, 3:

    dicionis alienae facti,

    id. 1, 25, 13; 5, 27, 14; cf.: ut munus imperii beneficii sui faceret, to make it ( seem) his own bounty, Just. 13, 4, 9:

    ne delecto imperatore alio sui muneris rempublicam faceret,

    Tac. A. 15, 52.—
    4.
    To represent a thing in any manner, to feign, assert, say. —Constr. with acc. and adj. or part., or with acc. and inf.
    (α).
    Acc. and part.:

    in eo libro, ubi se exeuntem e senatu et cum Pansa colloquentem facit,

    id. Brut. 60, 218:

    Xenophon facit... Socratem disputantem,

    id. N. D. 1, 12, 31; cf.:

    ejus (Socratis) oratio, qua facit eum Plato usum apud judices,

    id. Tusc. 1, 40 fin. al.—
    (β).
    Acc. and inf.:

    qui nuper fecit servo currenti in via decesse populum,

    Ter. Heaut. prol. 31:

    fecerat et fetam procubuisse lupam,

    Verg. A. 8, 630; cf. Ov. M. 6, 109, v. Bach ad h. l.:

    poetae impendere apud inferos saxum Tantalo faciunt,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 35:

    quem (Herculem) Homerus apud inferos conveniri facit ab Ulixe,

    id. N. D. 3, 16, 41:

    Plato construi a deo mundum facit,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 19:

    Plato Isocratem laudari fecit a Socrate,

    id. Opt. Gen. 6, 17; id. Brut. 38, 142:

    M. Cicero dicere facit C. Laelium,

    Gell. 17, 5, 1:

    caput esse faciunt ea, quae perspicua dicunt,

    Cic. Fia. 4, 4, 8, v. Madv. ad h. l.—
    (γ).
    In double construction:

    Polyphemum Homerus cum ariete colloquentem facit ejusque laudare fortunas,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 39 fin.
    5.
    To make believe, to pretend:

    facio me alias res agere,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 18:

    cum verbis se locupletem faceret,

    id. Fl. 20:

    me unum ex iis feci, qui, etc.,

    id. Planc. 27, 65.—
    6.
    Hypothetically in the imper. fac, suppose, assume:

    fac, quaeso, qui ego sum, esse te,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1; cf.:

    fac potuisse,

    id. Phil. 2, 3, 5:

    fac animos non remanere post mortem,

    id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82; 1, 29, 70:

    fac velit,

    Stat. Ach. 2, 241:

    fac velle,

    Verg. A. 4, 540.—
    7.
    In mercant. lang., to practise, exercise, follow any trade or profession:

    cum mercaturas facerent,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72:

    naviculariam,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 18, §

    46: argentariam,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 49, § 155; id. Caecin. 4, 10:

    topiariam,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, § 5:

    haruspicinam,

    id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:

    praeconium,

    id. ib.; so,

    piraticam,

    id. Post. Red. in Sen. 5, 11:

    medicinam,

    Phaedr. 1, 14, 2.—
    8.
    In relig. lang., like the Gr. rhezein, to perform or celebrate a religious rite; to offer sacrifice, make an offering, to sacrifice:

    res illum divinas apud eos deos in suo sacrario quotidie facere vidisti,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 8, § 18:

    sacra pro civibus,

    id. Balb. 24, 55:

    sacrificium publicum,

    id. Brut. 14, 56.— Absol.:

    a sacris patriis Junonis Sospitae, cui omnes consules facere necesse est, consulem avellere,

    Cic. Mur. 41, 90.—With abl.:

    cum faciam vitula pro frugibus,

    Verg. E. 3, 77:

    catulo,

    Col. 2, 22, 4.— Pass. impers.:

    cum pro populo fieret,

    Cic. Att. 1, 13, 3:

    quibus diis decemviri ex libris ut fieret, ediderunt,

    Liv. 37, 3, 5.—
    9.
    In gram., to make, form in inflecting:

    cur aper apri et pater patris faciat?

    Quint. 1, 6, 13; so id. 14; 15; 27; cf.:

    sic genitivus Achilli et Ulixi fecit,

    id. 1, 5, 63; 1, 6, 26:

    eadem (littera) fecit ex duello bellum,

    id. 1, 4, 15.—
    10.
    In late Lat., (se) facere aliquo, to betake one's self to any place:

    intra limen sese facit,

    App. 5, p. 159, 25;

    without se: homo meus coepit ad stelas facere,

    Petr. 62:

    ad illum ex Libya Hammon facit,

    Tert. Pall. 3.—
    11.
    Peculiar phrases.
    a.
    Quid faciam (facias, fiet, etc.), with abl., dat., or (rare) with de, what is to be done with a person or thing? quid hoc homine facias? Cic. Sest. 13, 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 16, § 40:

    nescit quid faciat auro,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 100:

    quid tu huic homini facias?

    Cic. Caecin. 11, 30; cf.:

    quid enim tibi faciam,

    id. Att. 7, 3, 2: quid faceret huic conclusioni, i. e. how should he refute, etc., id. Ac. 2, 30, 96:

    quid facias illi?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 63:

    miserunt Delphos consultum quidnam facerent de rebus suis,

    Nep. Them. 2: quid fecisti scipione? what have you done with the stick? or, what has become of it? Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 6; cf. id. ib. 5, 4, 9.—In pass.:

    quid Tulliola mea fiet?

    Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 3:

    quid illo fiet? quid me?

    id. Att. 6, 1, 14:

    quid fiet artibus?

    id. Ac. 2, 33, 107:

    quid mihi fiet?

    Ov. A. A. 1, 536:

    quid de illa fiet fidicina igitur?

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 48: de fratre quid fiet? Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 39.— Absol.:

    quid faciat Philomela? fugam custodia claudit?

    Ov. M. 6, 572:

    quid facerem? neque servitio me exire licebat, etc.,

    Verg. E. 1, 41 al. —
    b.
    Fit, factum est aliquo or aliqua re, it happens to, becomes of a person or thing:

    volo Erogitare, meo minore quid sit factum filio,

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 32:

    nec quid deinde iis (elephantis) factum sit, auctores explicant,

    Plin. 8, 6, 6, § 17:

    quid eo est argento factum?

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 106.—Hence,
    (β).
    Esp., si quid factum sit aliquo, if any thing should happen to one (i. q. si quid acciderit humanitus), euphemistically for if one should die:

    si quid eo factum esset, in quo spem essetis habituri?

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 20, 59; cf.:

    eum fecisse aiunt, sibi quod faciendum fuit,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 1, 23. —
    c.
    Ut fit, as it usually happens, as is commonly the case:

    praesertim cum, ut fit, fortuito saepe aliquid concluse apteque dicerent,

    Cic. Or. 53, 177:

    queri, ut fit, incipiunt,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 56:

    dum se uxor, ut fit, comparat,

    id. Mil. 10, 28:

    fecit statim, ut fit, fastidium copia,

    Liv. 3, 1, 7.—
    d.
    Fiat, an expression of assent, so be it! very good! fiat, geratur mos tibi, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 146; id. As. 1, 1, 27; id. Am. 2, 2, 138; id. Most. 4, 3, 44 al.—
    e.
    Dictum ac factum, no sooner said than done, without delay, at once; v. dictum under dico, A. d.—
    12.
    In certain phrases the ellipsis of facere is common, e. g. finem facere:

    Quae cum dixisset, Cotta finem,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94; id. Fin. 4, 1 init. —With nihil aliud quam, quid alium quam, nihil praeterquam, which often = an emphatic Engl. only (but not in Cic.):

    Tissaphernes nihil aliud quam bellum comparavit,

    Nep. Ages. 2:

    per biduum nihil aliud quam steterunt parati,

    Liv. 34, 46; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Aug. 83; Liv. 2, 63; 4, 3; 3, 26.—So with nihil amplius quam, nihil prius quam, nihil minus quam, Liv. 26, 20; 35, 11; Suet. Dom. 3.
    II.
    Neutr.
    A.
    With adverbs, to do, deal, or act in any manner:

    recta et vera loquere, sed neque vere neque recte adhuc Fecisti umquam,

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 7;

    v. recte under rego: bene fecit Silius, qui transegerit,

    Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1:

    seu recte seu perperam,

    to do right or wrong, id. Quint. 8, 31:

    Dalmatis di male faciant,

    id. Fam. 5, 11 fin.:

    facis amice,

    in a friendly manner, id. Lael. 2, 9; cf.:

    per malitiam,

    maliciously, id. Rosc. Com. 7, 21:

    humaniter,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:

    imperite,

    id. Leg. 1, 1, 4:

    tutius,

    Quint. 5, 10, 68:

    voluit facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10: bene facere, to profit, benefit (opp. male facere, to hurt, injure), Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 25; 5, 7, 19; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 22; id. Capt. 5, 2, 23; v. also under benefacio and benefactum.—
    B.
    Facere cum or ab aliquo, to take part with one, to side with one; and opp. contra (or adversus) aliquem, to take part against one:

    si respondisset, idem sentire et secum facere Sullam,

    Cic. Sull. 13, 36; cf.:

    cum illo consulem facere,

    id. Att. 6, 8, 2; and:

    secum consules facere,

    id. Planc. 35, 86:

    auctoritatem sapientissimorum hominum facere nobiscum,

    id. Caecin. 36, 104; cf.:

    rem et sententiam interdicti mecum facere fatebatur,

    id. ib. 28, 79:

    cum veritas cum hoc faciat,

    is on his side, id. Quint. 30, 91:

    commune est, quod nihilo magis ab adversariis quam a nobis facit,

    id. Inv. 1, 48, 90:

    omnes damnatos, omnes ignominia affectos illac (a or cum Caesare) facere,

    id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

    quae res in civitate duae plurimum possunt, eae contra nos ambae faciunt in hoc tempore,

    id. Quint. 1, 1:

    neque minus eos cum quibus steterint quam adversus quos fecerint,

    Nep. Eum. 8, 2:

    cum aliquo non male facere,

    to be on good terms with, Ov. Am. 3, 762.—
    C.
    In late Lat. facere cum aliqua = vivere cum aliqua, to live in matrimony, to be married, Inscr. Orell. 4646. —
    D.
    Ad aliquid, alicui, or absol., to be good or of use for any thing; to be useful, of service:

    chamaeleon facit ad difficultatem urinae,

    Plin. 22, 18, 21, § 46; Scrib. Comp. 122:

    ad talem formam non facit iste locus,

    Ov. H. 16, 190; cf. id. ib. 6, 128; id. Am. 1, 2, 16 al.:

    radix coronopi coeliacis praeclare facit,

    Plin. 22, 19, 22, § 48; so with dat., Plin. Val. 2, 1; Prop. 3 (4), 1, 20:

    facit autem commode ea compositio, quam, etc.,

    Col. 7, 5, 7; 8, 17, 13:

    nec caelum, nec aquae faciunt, nec terra, nec aurae,

    do not benefit me, Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 23:

    mire facit in peroratione confessio,

    Quint. 11, 3, 173; 171; cf. with a subject-clause: plurimum facit, totas diligenter [p. 718] nosse causas, id. 6, 4, 8: ad aliquid or alicui signifies also to suit, fit:

    non faciet capiti dura corona meo,

    Prop. 3, 1, 19; cf. Ov. H. 16, 189.—
    E.
    Like the Gr. poiein or dran, and the Engl. to do, instead of another verb (also for esse and pati):

    factum cupio (sc. id esse),

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 24:

    factum volo,

    id. Bacch. 3, 3, 91; id. Most. 3, 2, 104:

    an Scythes Anacharsis potuit pro nihilo pecuniam ducere, nostrates philosophi facere non potuerunt?

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 90:

    nihil his in locis nisi saxa et montes cogitabam: idque ut facerem, orationibus inducebar tuis,

    id. Leg. 2, 1, 2; cf.:

    Demosthenem, si illa pronuntiare voluisset, ornate splendideque facere potuisse,

    id. Off. 1, 1 fin.; and:

    cur Cassandra furens futura prospiciat, Priamus sapiens hoc idem facere nequeat?

    id. Div. 1, 39, 85; so id. Ac. 2, 33, 107; id. Att. 1, 16, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 2; Nep. Chabr. 3, 4; 4, 3 al.:

    vadem te ad mortem tyranno dabis pro amico, ut Pythagoreus ille Siculo fecit tyranno (here also with the case of the preceding verb),

    Cic. Fin. 2, 24 fin. (v. Madv. ad h. l. p. 278):

    jubeas (eum) miserum esse, libenter quatenus id facit (i. e. miser est),

    what he is doing, Hor. S. 1, 1, 64:

    in hominibus solum existunt: nam bestiae simile quiddam faciunt (i. q. patiuntur or habent),

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 14; so,

    ne facias quod Ummidius quidam (= ne idem experiaris, ne idem tibi eveniat),

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 94. —
    F.
    Facere omitted, especially in short sentences expressing a judgment upon conduct, etc.:

    at stulte, qui non modo non censuerit, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 3, 27, 101.—Hence,
    1.
    factus, a, um, P. a.
    A.
    As adjective ante-class. and very rare:

    factius nihilo facit, sc. id, i. e. nihilo magis effectum reddit,

    is no nearer bringing it about, Plaut. Trin. 2, 3, 6; cf. Lorenz ad loc.—Far more freq.,
    B.
    In the neutr. as subst.: factum, i ( gen. plur. factum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66 Trag. 81), that which is done, a deed, act, exploit, achievement (syn.: res gestae, facinus).
    1.
    In gen.:

    depingere,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 5, 38:

    facere factum,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 5; id. Mil. 3, 1, 139:

    dicta et facta,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 19; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 12:

    opus facto est,

    id. Phorm. 4, 5, 4:

    ecquod hujus factum aut commissum non dicam audacius, sed, etc.,

    Cic. Sull. 26, 72: meum factum probari abs te triumpho gaudio, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16, A. 1;

    14, 9, 2: quod umquam eorum in re publica forte factum exstitit?

    id. ib. 8, 14, 2:

    praeclarum atque divinum,

    id. Phil. 2, 44, 114:

    egregium,

    id. Fam. 10, 16, 2; id. Cael. 10, 23:

    factum per se improbabile,

    Quint. 7, 4, 7; 6, 1, 22:

    illustre,

    Nep. Arist. 2, 2; cf.:

    illustria et gloriosa,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 37:

    forte,

    id. Att. 8, 14, 2:

    dira,

    Ov. M. 6, 533:

    nefanda,

    id. H. 14, 16 al.; but also with the adv.:

    recte ac turpiter factum,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 5; cf.:

    multa huius (Timothei) sunt praeclare facta sed haec maxime illustria,

    Nep. Timoth. 1, 2;

    v. Zumpt, Gram. § 722, 2: dimidium facti, qui coepit, habet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 40:

    quo facto aut dicto adest opus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 15 et saep.:

    famam extendere factis,

    Verg. A. 10, 468: non hominum video. non ego facta boum, doings, i. e. works, Ov. H. 10, 60.—
    2.
    In partic., bonum factum, like the Gr. agathê tuchê, a good deed, i. e. well done, fortunate (ante-class. and post-Aug.):

    bonum factum'st, edicta ut servetis mea,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 16; cf. id. ib. 44; cf.:

    hoc factum est optimum, ut, etc.,

    id. Ps. 1, 2, 52:

    majorum bona facta,

    Tac. A. 3, 40; cf. id. ib. 3, 65. —At the commencement of edicts, Suet. Caesar, 80; id. Vit. 14; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 49, 17; Tert. Pudic. 1.—(But in the class. per. factum in this sense is a participle, and is construed with an adv.:

    bene facta,

    Sall. C. 8, 5; id. J. 85, 5; Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 64:

    recte, male facta,

    id. Off. 2, 18, 62:

    male facto exigua laus proponitur,

    id. Leg. Agr. 2, 2, 5; id. Brut. 43, 322; Quint. 3, 7, 13; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 460).—
    * 2.
    facteon, a word jestingly formed by Cicero, after the analogy of the Greek, for faciendum: quare, ut opinor, philosophêteon, id quod tu facis, et istos consulatus non flocci facteon, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 13 Orell. N. cr. (for facteon, Ernesti has eateon).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > facio

  • 6 sinus

    1.
    sĭnus, ūs, m.
    I.
    In gen., a bent surface (raised or depressed), a curve, fold, a hollow, etc. (so mostly poet. and in postAug. prose): draco... conficiens sinus e corpore flexos, folds, coils, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 106; so Ov. M. 15, 689; 15, 721:

    sinu ex togā facto,

    Liv. 21, 18 fin. —Of the bag of a fishing-net:

    quando abiit rete pessum, tum adducit sinum (piscator),

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 15; so Juv. 4, 41;

    and of a hunter's net,

    Mart. 13, 100; Grat. Cyn. 29;

    also of a spider's web,

    Plin. 11, 24, 28, § 82.—Of the bend or belly of a sail swollen by the wind:

    velorum plenos subtrahis ipse sinus,

    Prop. 3, 9 (4, 8), 30;

    and so with or without velum,

    Tib. 1, 3, 38; Verg. A. 3, 455; 5, 831; Ov. A. A. 3, 500; Luc. 6, 472; Sil. 7, 242; Quint. 10, 7, 23; 12, 10, 37 al.—Of hair, a curl, ringlet:

    ut fieret torto flexilis orbe sinus,

    Ov. Am. 1, 14, 26; id. A. A. 3, 148.— Of the curve of a reaping-hook:

    falcis ea pars, quae flectitur, sinus nominatur,

    Col. 4, 25, 1 sq. —Of bones, a sinus:

    umeri,

    Cels. 8, 1 med.; cf.

    ulceris,

    id. 7, 2 med.:

    suppurationis ferro recisae,

    Col. 6, 11, 1; Veg. 4, 9, 3.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    The hanging fold of the upper part of the toga, about the breast, the bosom of a garment; also the bosom of a person; sometimes also the lap (= gremium, the predom. class. signif.; esp. freq. in a trop. sense).
    1.
    Lit.:

    est aliquid in amictu: quod ipsum aliquatenus temporum condicione mutatum est. Nam veteribus nulli sinus, perquam breves post illos fuerunt,

    Quint. 11, 3, 137; cf.

    decentissimus,

    id. 11, 3, 140 sq.:

    (Caesar moriens) sinistrā manu sinum ad ima crura deduxit, quo honestius caderet,

    Suet. Caes. 82 (for which, of the same:

    togam manu demisit,

    Val. Max. 4, 5, 6); Tib. 1, 6, 18:

    praetextae sinus,

    Suet. Vesp. 5:

    ne admissum quidem quemquam senatorum nisi solum et praetentato sinu,

    id. Aug. 35:

    ut conchas legerent galeasque et sinus replerent,

    id. Calig. 46:

    cedo mihi ex ipsius sinu litteras Syracusanorum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 147:

    aurum in sinu ejus invenerunt,

    Quint. 7, 1, 30:

    paternos In sinu ferens deos,

    Hor. C. 2, 18, 27:

    nuda genu, nodoque sinus collecta fluentis,

    Verg. A. 1, 320:

    et fluit effuso cui toga laxa sinu,

    Tib. 1, 6, 14; cf.:

    micat igneus ostro, Undantemque sinum nodis irrugat Iberis,

    Stat. Th. 4, 265:

    ad haec, quae a fortunā sparguntur, sinum expandit,

    eagerly embraces, grasps, Sen. Ep. 74, 6:

    aliquid velut magnum bonum intra sinum continere,

    id. Vit. Beat. 23, 3; cf.:

    sinum subducere alicui rei,

    to reject, id. Thyest. 430.—Prov.:

    sinu laxo (i. e. soluto) ferre aliquid,

    i. e. to be careless about a thing, Hor. S. 2, 3, 172. —
    b.
    Transf.
    (α).
    The purse, money, which was carried in the bosom of the toga (cf. supra, the passage, Quint. 7, 1, 30, and v. crumena; poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    semper amatorum ponderat illa sinus,

    Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 12:

    quo pretium condat, non habet ille sinum,

    Ov. Am. 1, 10, 18:

    aere sinus plenos urbe reportare, Col. poët. 10, 310: plurium sinum ac domum inplere,

    Sen. Ben. 6, 43, 1:

    qui etiam condemnationes in sinum vertisse dicuntur... praedam omnem in sinum contulit,

    into his purse, Lampr. Commod. 14 fin.:

    avaritiae,

    Juv. 1, 88.—Hence, M. Scaurus Marianis sodaliciis rapinarum provincialium sinus, the pocketer, i. e. the receiver, Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 116; cf. Tac. H. 2, 92 fin.; 4, 14.—
    (β).
    Poet., a garment, in gen.:

    Tyrio prodeat apta sinu,

    Tib. 1, 9, 72; 1, 6, 18:

    auratus,

    Ov. F. 2, 310:

    purpureus,

    id. ib. 5, 28:

    regalis,

    id. H. 13, 36; 5, 71; Stat. S. 2, 1, 133.—
    (γ).
    The bosom of a person:

    manum in sinum alicui Inserere,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 2:

    gelu rigentem colubram sinu fovit,

    Phaedr. 4, 17, 3:

    opposuit sinum Antonius stricto ferro,

    Tac. H. 3, 10:

    scortum in sinu consulis recubans,

    Liv. 39, 43:

    tangitur, et tacto concipit illa sinu, i. e. utero,

    Ov. F. 5, 256:

    usque metu micuere sinus, dum, etc.,

    id. H. 1, 45:

    horum in sinum omnia congerebant,

    Plin. Pan. 45.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    The bosom, as in most other languages, for love, protection, asylum, etc. (usu. in the phrases in sinu esse, habere, etc.;

    syn. gremium): hic non amandus? hiccine non gestandus in sinu est?

    Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 75:

    iste vero sit in sinu semper et complexu meo,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 3; cf.:

    postremum genus proprium est Catilinae, de ejus delectu, immo vero de complexu ejus ac sinu,

    id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

    suo sinu complexuque aliquem recipere,

    id. Phil. 13, 4, 9; so (with complexus) id. ib. 2, 25, 61:

    (Pompeius), mihi crede, in sinu est,

    is very dear to me, id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 1:

    Bibulum noli dimittere e sinu tuo,

    from your intimacy, id. ad Brut. 1, 7, 2:

    praesertim si in amici sinu defieas,

    on the bosom, Plin. Ep. 8, 16, 5:

    in hujus sinu indulgentiāque educatus,

    Tac. Agr. 4; so id. Or. 28; cf.: etsi commotus ingenio, simulationum tamen falsa in sinu avi perdidicerat, i. e. under the care or tuition, id. A. 6, 45 fin.:

    confugit in sinum tuum concussa respublica,

    i. e. into your arms, Plin. Pan. 6, 3; id. Ep. 8, 12, 1:

    optatum negotium sibi in sinum delatum esse dicebat,

    committed to his guardianship, care, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 50, § 131; cf. Plin. Pan. 45, 2:

    respublica in Vespasiani sinum cessisset,

    Tac. H. 3, 69; 3, 19; Dig. 22, 3, 27:

    sinum praebere tam alte cadenti,

    protection, Sen. Ira, 3, 23, 6.—
    b.
    The interior, the inmost part of a thing:

    alii intra moenia atque in sinu urbis sunt hostes,

    in the midst, in the heart of the city, Sall. C. 52, 35:

    in urbe ac sinu cavendum hostem,

    Tac. H. 3, 38; Sil. 4, 34; 6, 652; Claud. Eutr. 2, 575:

    ut (hostis) fronte simul et sinu exciperetur,

    in the centre, Tac. A. 13, 40:

    in intimo sinu pacis,

    i. e. in the midst of a profound peace, Plin. Pan. 56, 4.—
    c.
    In sinu alicujus, in the power or possession of (postAug. and rare):

    opes Cremonensium in sinu praefectorum fore,

    Tac. H. 3, 19:

    omnem fortunam in sinu meo habui,

    Dig. 22, 3, 27.—
    d.
    A hiding-place, place of concealment: ut in sinu gaudeant, gloriose loqui desinunt, qs. in their bosoms (or, as we say, in their sleeve), i. e. in secret, Cic. Tusc. 3, 21, 51;

    so of secret joy,

    Tib. 4, 13, 8:

    in tacito cohibe gaudia clausa sinu,

    Prop. 2, 25 (3, 20), 30; Sen. Ep. 105, 3; cf.

    also: plaudere in sinum,

    Tert. Pudic. 6: suum potius cubiculum ac sinum offerre contegendis quae, etc., the secrecy or concealment of her bed-chamber, Tac. A. 13, 13:

    abditis pecuniis per occultos aut ambitiosos sinus,

    i. e. in hidingplaces offered by obscurity or by high rank, id. H. 2, 92.—
    e.
    Sinus Abrahae, the place of the spirits of the just (eccl. Lat.):

    sinum Abrahae, regionem non caelestem, sublimiorem tamen Inferis,

    Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 34. —
    B.
    A bay, bight, gulf:

    ut primum ex alto sinus ab litore ad urbem inflectitur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 30; cf.:

    portus infusi in sinus oppidi,

    id. Rep. 3, 31, 43; 1, 3, 5; id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31; id. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 145; id. Att. 16, 6, 1; * Caes. B. C. 2, 32; Sall. J. 78, 2; Liv. 8, 24; Plin. 2, 43, 44, § 114 (Jahn, nivibus); Suet. Aug. 98; id. Tib. 16; Verg. A. 1, 243; 6, 132; Hor. C. 1, 33, 16; id. Epod. 10, 19.—
    2.
    Transf.
    (α).
    The land lying on a gulf, a point of land that helps to form it (perh. not ante-Aug.):

    segetibus in sinu Aenianum vastatis,

    Liv. 28, 5 Drak.:

    jam in sinum Maliacum venerat (with an army),

    id. 37, 6; Tac. A. 14, 9; id. H. 3, 66; id. Agr. 23; Plin. 6, 8, 8, § 23; Just. [p. 1710] 2, 4, 26; 24, 4, 3.—
    (β).
    A curve or fold in land, a basin, hollow, valley:

    Arpini terra campestri agro in ingentem sinum consedit,

    Liv. 30, 2, 12:

    subito dehiscit terra, et immenso sinu laxata patuit,

    Sen. Oedip. 582; id. Herc. Fur. 679; Plin. 2, 44, 44, § 115:

    jugum montis velut sinu quodam flexuque curvatum,

    Curt. 3, 4, 6:

    montium,

    id. 3, 9, 12.
    2.
    sīnus, i, m., v. sinum.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sinus

  • 7 audio

    audĭo, īvi or ii, itum, 4, v. a. ( imperf. audibat, Ov F. 3, 507: audibant. Cat. 84, 8; fut. audibo, Enn. ap. Non. p. 506, 1:

    audibis,

    id. ib.; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 86; id. Poen. 1, 2, 97; Caecil. ap. Gell. 7, 17 fin.; id. ap. Non. l. l.; cf. Struve, p. 137 sq.: audin = audisne, as ain = aisne; inf. perf. audīsse better than audivisse, acc. to Quint. 1, 6, 17) (cf. the Lacon. aus = hous; auris; Lith. ausis; Goth. auso; Germ. Ohr, and Engl ears [p. 202] the Fr. ouïr, and Lat. ausculto; Curtius also compares the Gr. aïô, to hear, perceive, and the Sanscr. av, to notice, to favor; v. ausculto, 1. aveo init., and cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 83 Müll.], to hear, to perceive or understand by hearing, to learn (audio pr. differs from ausculto as the Gr. akouô from akroaomai, the Germ. hören from horchen, and the Engl. to hear from to listen, the former of these words denoting an involuntary, the latter a voluntary act; other syn.: exaudio, sentio, cognosco, oboedio, dicor).
    I.
    A.. In gen.
    a.
    Aliquid:

    auribus si parum audies terito cum vino brassicam, etc.,

    Cato, R. R. 157 fin.:

    ubi molarum strepitum audibis maximum, Enn. ap. Non. l. l. (Com. v. 7 Vahl. p. 153): verba,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 97; Vulg. Gen. 24, 30:

    quae vera audivi, taceo,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 23:

    Mane, non dum audīsti, Demea, Quod est gravissumum,

    id. Ad. 3, 4, 21:

    vocem,

    id. Hec. 4, 1, 2:

    vera an falsa,

    id. And. 5, 4, 19:

    mixtos vagitibus aegris Ploratus,

    Lucr. 2, 579:

    voces,

    Verg. A. 4, 439; Hor. C. 3, 7, 22; Vulg. Gen. 3, 8; ib. Matt. 2, 18:

    strepitus,

    Verg. A. 9, 394:

    sonitum,

    Hor. C. 2, 1, 31:

    haec,

    id. ib. 3, 27, 51:

    aquas,

    Ov. Am. 3, 11, 30:

    gemitus,

    id. M. 7, 839; Vulg. Exod. 2, 24: ait se omnia audivisse, Titinn. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12:

    ut quod te audīsse dicis numquam audieris,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 285:

    Nihil enim habeo praeter auditum,

    id. Off. 1, 10, 33:

    quod quisque eorum de quāque re audierit,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 5:

    Hac auditā pugnā maxima pars sese Crasso dedidit,

    id. ib. 3, 27:

    Auditis hostium copiis respicerent suum ipsi exercitum,

    Liv. 42, 52, 10:

    quod cum audīsset Abram,

    Vulg. Gen. 14, 14:

    auditis sermonibus,

    ib. 4 Reg. 22, 19; ib. Heb. 4, 3: clangorem tubae, ib:

    Isa. 18, 3: symphoniam,

    ib. Luc. 15, 25:

    animal,

    ib. Apoc. 6, 3; 6, 5 al. persaep.
    b.
    Constr., the person from whom one hears or learns any thing, with ex (so most freq.), ab, de, acc. and part., acc. and inf., cum or dum.
    (α).
    With ex:

    verbum ex aliquo,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 8; so id. And. 2, 1, 2; 5, 4, 24; id. Eun. 1, 2, 34; id. Hec. 4, 1, 35; id. And. 3, 3, 2:

    audivi ex majoribus natu hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasicā,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    hoc ex aliis,

    id. Att. 5, 17:

    ex obviis,

    Liv. 28, 26; so Suet. Caes. 29; id. Dom. 12 al.. saepe audivi ex majoribus natu mirari solitum C. Fabricium etc., Cic. Sen. 13, 43; so Suet. Claud. 15.—
    (β).
    With ab:

    a quibus cum audi/sset non multum superesse munitionis,

    Nep. Them. 7, 2.—
    (γ).
    With de:

    equidem saepe hoc audivi de patre et de socero meo,

    i. e. from his mouth, Cic. de Or. 3, 33, 133; so id. Off. 3, 19, 77; id. Brut. 26, 100.—
    (δ).
    With acc. and part. pres. (cf. Zumpt, Gr. §

    636): ut neque eum querentem quisquam audierit neque etc.,

    Nep. Timol. 4, 1; so Suet. Calig. 22; Cat. 9, 6; 61, 125; 67, 41 al.—
    (ε).
    With acc. and inf.:

    mihi non credo, quom illaec autumare illum audio,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 260:

    Audin (eum) lapidem quaeritare?

    id. Capt. 3, 4, 70:

    erilem filium ejus duxisse audio Uxorem,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 5; 2, 1, 59:

    saepe hoc majores natu dicere audivi,

    Cic. Mur. 28:

    Gellius audierat patruom objurgare solere,

    Cat. 74, 1; Verg. A. 1, 20; 4, 562:

    audiet cives acuisse ferrum, Audiet pugnas juventus,

    Hor. C. 1, 2, 21 sq.:

    audire videor pios Errare per lucos,

    id. ib. 3, 4, 5. —Hence also pass. with nom. and inf. (cf. Zumpt, Gr. §

    607): Bibulus nondum audiebatur esse in Syriā,

    was said, Cic. Att. 5, 18; so Caes. B. G. 7, 79.—
    (ζ).
    With cum or dum (cf. Zumpt, Gr. §

    749): id quidem saepe ex eo audivi, cum diceret sibi certum esse,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144:

    quis umquam audivit, cum ego de me nisi coactus ac necessario dicerem?

    id. Dom. 35; so id. Brut. 56; id. Fin. 5, 19, 54; id. de Or. 1, 28, 129; 1, 2, 99; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 5:

    auditus est certe, dum ex eo quaerit,

    Suet. Dom. 4. —Diff. from the preced. constr. with de is audire de aliquo (aliquid); more freq. in pass. sense, to hear any thing concerning any one:

    de psaltriā hac audivit,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 5:

    illos etiam convenire aveo, de quibus audivi et legi,

    Cic. Sen. 23, 83; so id. Att. 7, 20; id. Ac. 2, 2, 4; cf.:

    aliquid in aliquem,

    to hear something against, something bad of any one, id. de Or. 2, 70, 285 al. —
    B.
    In conversation.
    (α).
    Audi, as a call to gain attention, hear, attend, give ear, listen, = hoc age:

    audi cetera,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 127:

    audi heus tu,

    id. ib. 4, 3, 52:

    Dorio, audi, obsecro,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 1: Hoc audi, id. And. 3, 4, 11;

    4, 1, 36: Quin tu audi,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 42:

    quin tu hoc audi,

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 9.—
    (β).
    Audis or audin = audisne? do you hear? atque audin? Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 70:

    Equidem deciens dixi: Et domi [nunc] sum ego, inquam, ecquid audis?

    id. Am. 2, 1, 27; id. Trin. 3, 2, 91:

    Heus, audin quid ait? Quin fugis?

    id. Capt. 3, 4, 60:

    cura adversandum atque audin? quadrupedem constringito,

    Ter. And. 5, 2, 24; 1, 5, 64:

    Audin tu? Hic furti se adligat,

    id. Eun. 4, 7, 39:

    Audin quid dicam?

    id. Hec. 1, 2, 3.—
    c.
    Audito, with a clause for its subject, as abl. absol. in the histt., upon the receipt of the news that, at the tidings that: audito, Q. Marcium in Ciliciam tendere, when news came that Q. Marcius etc., Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 1130 P.:

    audito Machanidam famā adventūs sui territum refugisse Lacedaemonem,

    Liv. 28, 7:

    audito venisse missu Agrippinae nuntium Agerinum,

    Tac. A. 14, 7.—
    II.
    Esp.,
    A.
    1.. In a pregnant signif., to listen to a person or thing, to give ear to, hearken to, attend:

    etsi a vobis sic audior, ut numquam benignius neque attentius quemquam auditum putem,

    Cic. Clu. 23, 63; so id. de Or. 1, 61, 259:

    sed non eis animis audiebantur, qui doceri possent,

    Liv. 42, 48; 1, 32; 5, 6:

    ut legationes audiret cubans,

    Suet. Vesp. 24; id. Caes. 32; id. Ner. 22; 23; Vulg. Job. 11, 2; ib. Psa. 33, 12; ib. Matt. 10, 14; ib. Heb. 3, 7 al.—
    2.
    Aliquem, of pupils, to hear a teacher, i. e. to receive instruction from, to study under:

    te, Marce fili, annum jam audientem Cratippum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 1, 1:

    Jam Polemonem audiverant adsidue Zeno et Arcesilas,

    id. Ac. 1, 9, 34; so id. N. D. 1, 14, 37; 3, 1, 2; id. Fat. 2, 4:

    Diogenes venientem eum, ut se extra ordinem audiret, non admiserat,

    Suet. Tib. 32; id. Gram. 10, 20 al.— Absol.: possumne aliquid audire? (i. e. will you communicate something to me?) tu vero, inquam, vel audire vel dicere, Cic. Fat. 2, 3:

    ponere aliquid, ad quod audiam, volo,

    id. ib. 2, 4.—
    3.
    De aliquā re or aliquid, aliquem, of judges, to listen or hearken to, to examine:

    nemo illorum judicum clarissimis viris accusantibus audiendum sibi de ambitu putavit,

    Cic. Fl. 39, 98:

    de capite,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 12 al. — Trop.:

    de pace,

    Liv. 27, 30:

    dolos,

    Verg. A. 6, 567:

    nequissimum servum,

    Suet. Dom. 11; so id. Aug. 93; id. Tib. 73; id. Claud. 15; id. Dom. 14; 16; Dig. 11, 3, 14 fin.; 28, 6, 10; 39, 2, 18 et saep.—
    4.
    Of prayer or entreaty, to hear, listen to, lend an ear to, regard, grant:

    in quo di immortales meas preces audiverunt,

    Cic. Pis. 19:

    Curio ubi... neque cohortationes suas neque preces audiri intellegit,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 42:

    velut si sensisset auditas preces,

    Liv. 1, 12:

    audivit orationem eorum,

    Vulg. Psa. 105, 44:

    audisti verba oris mei,

    ib. ib. 137, 1:

    Audiat aversā non meus aure deus,

    Tib. 3, 3, 28:

    audiit et caeli Genitor de parte serenā Intonuit laevum,

    Verg. A. 9, 630:

    minus audientem carmina Vestam,

    Hor. C. 1, 2, 27; 4, 13, 1:

    audivit Dominus,

    Vulg. Psa. 29, 11 al. —Also aliquem, to hear one, to grant his desire or prayer:

    puellas ter vocata audis,

    Hor. C. 3, 22, 3; so id. C. S. 34; 35:

    Ferreus orantem nequiquam, janitor, audis,

    Ov. Am. 1, 6, 27; id. M. 8, 598 al.:

    Audi nos, domine,

    Vulg. Gen. 23, 6; 23, 8:

    semper me audis,

    ib. Joan. 11, 42.—
    B.
    Aliquem, aliquid, or absol. audio, to hear a person or thing with approbation, to assent to, agree with, approve, grant, allow:

    nec Homerum audio, qui Ganymeden ab dis raptum ait, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 65:

    Socratem audio dicentem cibi condimentum esse famem, sed qui ad voluptatem omnia referens vivit ut Gallonius, non audio,

    id. Fin. 2, 28, 90; id. de Or. 1, 15, 68; 3, 28, 83; id. Marcell. 8, 25: audio ( I grant it, well, that I agree to, that is granted):

    nunc dicis aliquid, quod ad rem pertineat,

    id. Rosc. Am. 18 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 2, 59; 2, 5, 27:

    non audio,

    that I do not grant, id. ib. 2, 3, 34.—
    C.
    To hear, to listen to, to obey, heed; orig. and class. only with acc., but also with dat.—
    a.
    With acc.:

    tecum loquere, te adhibe in consilium, te audi, tibi obtempera,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 2; id. N. D. 1, 20, 55:

    ne ego sapientiam istam, quamvis sit erudita, non audiam,

    id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

    si me audiatis, priusquam dedantur, etc.,

    Liv. 9, 9:

    Non, si me satis audias, Speres etc.,

    Hor. C.1, 13, 13; 4, 14, 50; id. Ep. 1, 1, 48:

    patris aut matris imperium,

    Vulg. Deut. 21, 18 al. — Poet. transf. to inanimate things:

    neque audit currus habenas,

    heeds, Verg. G. 1, 514; so Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 187 (cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 13: equi frenato est auris in ore; and Pind. Pyth. 2, 21: harmata peisichalina):

    nec minus incerta (sagitta) est, nec quae magis audiat arcum,

    which better heeds the bow, Ov. M. 5, 382:

    teque languenti manu Non audit arcus?

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 980; so Stat. Th. 5, 412; Luc. 3, 594; 9, 931; Sil. 14, 392.—
    b.
    With dat.: nam istis qui linguam avium intellegunt, magis audiendum censeo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57, 131 (B. and K. isti):

    sibi audire,

    App. Mag. p. 326, 34; so, dicto audientem esse, to listen to one's word, to be obedient to one's word, to obey (not in Ter.):

    dicto sum audiens,

    I obey, Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Trin. 4, 3, 55; id. As. 3, 1, 40; id. Men. 2, 3, 89:

    qui dicto audientes in tantā re non fuisset,

    Cic. Deiot. 8, 23 ' sunt illi quidem dicto audientes, id. Verr. 1, 88:

    quos dicto audientes jussi,

    id. ib. 5, 104.—And, on account of the signif. to obey, with a second personal dat.: dicto audientem esse alicui, to obey one (freq. and class.); cf.

    Stallb. ad Rudd. Gr. II. p. 124, n. 38: vilicus domino dicto audiens sit,

    Cato, R. R. 142: si habes, qui te audiat;

    si potest tibi dicto audiens esse quisquam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 44; 2, 4. 12; 2, 5, 32; id. Phil. 7, 2:

    dicto audiens fuit jussis absentium magistratuum,

    Nep. Ages. 4, 2; id. Lys. 1, 2; id. Iphicr. 2, 1:

    interim Servio Tullio jubere populum dicto audientem esse,

    Liv. 1, 41; 4, 26; 29, 20;

    41, 10 al.—Once pleon. with oboedio: ne plebs nobis dicto audiens atque oboediens sit,

    Liv. 5, 3.—
    D.
    To hear thus and thus, i. e. to be named or styled somehow (as in Gr. akouô; and in Engl. to hear, as Milton: Or hear'st thou rather pure ethereal stream, P. L. III. 7); and with bene or male (as in Gr. kalôs or kakôs akouein; cf. Milton: For which Britain hears ill abroad, Areop.; and Spenser: If old Aveugles sonnes so evil hear, F. Q. I. 5, 23), to be in good or bad repute, to be praised or blamed, to have a good or bad character:

    benedictis si certāsset, audīsset bene (Bene audire est bene dici, laudari, Don.),

    Ter. Phorm. prol. 20:

    tu recte vivis, si curas esse quod audis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 17:

    rexque paterque Audisti coram,

    id. ib. 1, 7, 38; so id. S. 2, 6, 20; Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 12; Cic. Att. 6, 1; id. Fin. 3, 17, 57; id. Leg. 1, 19; Nep. Dion, 7, 3:

    Ille, qui jejunus a quibusdam et aridus habetur, non aliter ab ipsis inimicis male audire quam nimiis floribus et ingenii afluentia potuit,

    Quint. 12, 10, 13 al. —In a play upon words: erat surdaster M. Crassus;

    sed aliud molestius quod male audiebat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 116; so,

    minus commode: quod illorum culpā se minus commode audire arbitrarentur,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 58.—
    E.
    As it were to hear, to hear mentally, i. e. to understand, to supply, something (later subaudio): cum subtractum verbum aliquod satis ex ceteris intellegitur, ut, stupere gaudio Graecus. Simul enim auditur coepit, is understood, is to be supplied, Quint. 9, 3, 58; 8, 5, 12.—Hence, audĭens, entis, P. a. subst.
    A.
    (Acc. to II. A.) A hearer, auditor ( = auditor, q. v., or qui audit, Cic. Brut. 80, 276)' ad animos audientium permovendos, Cic. Brut. 23, 89; 80, 279:

    cum adsensu audientium egit,

    Liv. 21, 10 al. —Hence, in eccl. Lat., a catechumen, Tert. Poen. 6.—
    B.
    (Acc. to II. C.) With the gen.: tibi servio atque audiens sum imperii, a hearer of, i. e. obedient to, your command, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 25.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > audio

  • 8 communico

    commūnĭco ( conm-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. ( dep. access. form, communicati sint = communicaverint, Liv. 4, 24, 2) [communis].
    I.
    To divide something with one, whether in giving or receiving.
    A.
    In giving, to divide a thing with one, to communicate, impart, to share; esp. freq. of imparting in discourse (very freq. in all periods); constr. usu. aliquid cum aliquo; also inter aliquos, alicui, aliquem aliquā re. cum aliquo de aliquā re and absol.
    (α).
    With aliquid cum aliquo:

    ut si quam praestantiam virtutis, ingenii, fortunae consecuti sunt, impertiant ea suis communicentque cum proximis,

    Cic. Lael. 19, 70; id. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 125; id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 33: auxilium [p. 384] sibi te putat adjunxisse, qui cum altero rem communicat, id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116:

    suam causam cum Chrysogono,

    id. ib. 48, 140:

    cum iis praemium communicat, hortaturque ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 37:

    civitatem nostram vobiscum,

    Liv. 23, 5, 9:

    causam civium cum servis fugitivis,

    Sall. C. 56, 5:

    at sua Tydides mecum communicat acta (i. e. me socium sumit actorum),

    Ov. M. 13, 239:

    consilia cum finitimis civitatibus,

    to make common cause, to take common counsel, commune, consult, Caes. B. G. 6, 2:

    cum plebeiis magistratibus,

    Liv. 6, 11, 7; 28, 28, 5; Suet. Calig. 56:

    curam doloris cum aliquo,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 5.—Of discourse:

    homo, quocum omnia, quae me curā aliquā adficiunt, una communicem,

    Cic. Att. 1, 18, 1:

    ea quae didicerant, cum civibus suis communicare non poterant,

    id. N. D. 1, 4, 8; id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; Caes. B. G. 6, 20 al.; so cum aliquo de aliquā re:

    Pompeius, qui mecum... de te communicare solet,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 3:

    is mecum de tuā mansione communicat,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 5:

    cum compluribus de ratione belli,

    Suet. Tib. 18. —
    (β).
    Aliquid inter aliquos:

    cum de societate inter se multa communicarent,

    Cic. Quint. 4, 15:

    socii putandi sunt, quos inter res communicata est,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 20, § 50:

    ut quibus de rebus vellemus, tu tuis, ego meis, inter nos communicaremus,

    id. Fam. 15, 4, 2; 11, 27, 2:

    communicato inter se consilio,

    Liv. 8, 25, 9 (cf. a); Suet. Dom. 7.—
    (γ).
    Alicui aliquid, or de aliquā re (in Cic. only when the other party sharing is expressed by cum and abl.; cf.

    Krebs, Antibarb. p. 250): quibus communicare de maximis rebus Pompeius consuerat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 18 (Dinter, ex conj., quibuscum):

    hisque omnium domus patent victusque communicatur,

    id. B. G. 6, 23 fin.;

    so with redditur,

    id. ib. 6, 13:

    sibi communicatum cum alio, non ademptum imperium esse,

    Liv. 22, 27, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    id aut ereptum illis est, aut certe nobis cum illis communicatum,

    Cic. Brut. 73, 254; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14 Halm ad loc.; id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 5; id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; Mamert. Pan. Max. 10; Cic. Pis. 39, 94 Ascon.—
    * (δ).
    Aliquem aliquā re:

    communicabo semper te mensā meā,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 50.—
    (ε).
    Absol.: nonne prius communicatum oportuit? * Ter. And. 1, 5, 4; Cic. Sull. 3, 9:

    et secundas res splendidiores facit amicitia et adversas partiens communicansque leviores,

    id. Lael. 6, 22; Quint. 9, 2, 22:

    ut ad se veniat rationesque belli gerendi communicet,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

    consilia communicant,

    id. B. C. 2, 4 fin.; cf. Sall. C. 18, 5; Suet. Aug. 75 fin.; Plin. 11, 30, 36, § 108; Quint. 9, 2, 22.—
    2.
    Transf. of things: aliquid cum aliquā re, to join to an equal part, to unite:

    viri, quantas pecunias ab uxoribus dotis nomine acceperunt, tantas ex suis bonis cum dotibus communicant,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 19:

    privabo potius illum debito testimonio, quam id cum meā laude communicem,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 3; id. Fam. 12, 2, 1.—
    3.
    In late Lat.: cum aliquo or alicui, to have intercourse with an inferior:

    ne cum peregrinis communicarent,

    Just. 36, 2, 15:

    malis,

    with evil-disposed persons, Aug. Ep. 162:

    ne communices homini indocto,

    Vulg. Ecclus. 8, 5.—Also alicui rei, to take part in, Vulg. 1 Tim. 5, 22.—
    B. (α).
    Aliquid cum aliquo:

    ut me juves Conmunicesque hanc mecum meam provinciam,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 153; cf.:

    provinciam cum Antonio,

    Cic. Pis. 2, 5:

    inimicitias mecum,

    id. Fam. 15, 21, 2:

    qui sibi cum illo rationem communicatam putat,

    believes that he has all things in common with him, id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; cf. id. ib. 48, 140; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 2. § 5 Zumpt; Liv. 22, 27, 8:

    haud dubitavit (Thalestris) fateri ad communicandos cum rege liberos se venisse,

    Curt. 6, 5, 30 Vogel ad loc.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    primo labores et discrimina, mox et gloriam communicabat,

    Tac. Agr. 8.—
    (γ).
    Alicui (late Lat.):

    altari Christi,

    to receive the sacrament, Aug. Ep. 162; id. contra Cresc. 3, 36.—
    II.
    In Tertull., acc. to communis, II., to make common, i. e. low, base, to contaminate, defile, Tert. Spect. 17; id. Patient. 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > communico

  • 9 conmunico

    commūnĭco ( conm-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. ( dep. access. form, communicati sint = communicaverint, Liv. 4, 24, 2) [communis].
    I.
    To divide something with one, whether in giving or receiving.
    A.
    In giving, to divide a thing with one, to communicate, impart, to share; esp. freq. of imparting in discourse (very freq. in all periods); constr. usu. aliquid cum aliquo; also inter aliquos, alicui, aliquem aliquā re. cum aliquo de aliquā re and absol.
    (α).
    With aliquid cum aliquo:

    ut si quam praestantiam virtutis, ingenii, fortunae consecuti sunt, impertiant ea suis communicentque cum proximis,

    Cic. Lael. 19, 70; id. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 125; id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 33: auxilium [p. 384] sibi te putat adjunxisse, qui cum altero rem communicat, id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116:

    suam causam cum Chrysogono,

    id. ib. 48, 140:

    cum iis praemium communicat, hortaturque ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 37:

    civitatem nostram vobiscum,

    Liv. 23, 5, 9:

    causam civium cum servis fugitivis,

    Sall. C. 56, 5:

    at sua Tydides mecum communicat acta (i. e. me socium sumit actorum),

    Ov. M. 13, 239:

    consilia cum finitimis civitatibus,

    to make common cause, to take common counsel, commune, consult, Caes. B. G. 6, 2:

    cum plebeiis magistratibus,

    Liv. 6, 11, 7; 28, 28, 5; Suet. Calig. 56:

    curam doloris cum aliquo,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 5.—Of discourse:

    homo, quocum omnia, quae me curā aliquā adficiunt, una communicem,

    Cic. Att. 1, 18, 1:

    ea quae didicerant, cum civibus suis communicare non poterant,

    id. N. D. 1, 4, 8; id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; Caes. B. G. 6, 20 al.; so cum aliquo de aliquā re:

    Pompeius, qui mecum... de te communicare solet,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 3:

    is mecum de tuā mansione communicat,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 5:

    cum compluribus de ratione belli,

    Suet. Tib. 18. —
    (β).
    Aliquid inter aliquos:

    cum de societate inter se multa communicarent,

    Cic. Quint. 4, 15:

    socii putandi sunt, quos inter res communicata est,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 20, § 50:

    ut quibus de rebus vellemus, tu tuis, ego meis, inter nos communicaremus,

    id. Fam. 15, 4, 2; 11, 27, 2:

    communicato inter se consilio,

    Liv. 8, 25, 9 (cf. a); Suet. Dom. 7.—
    (γ).
    Alicui aliquid, or de aliquā re (in Cic. only when the other party sharing is expressed by cum and abl.; cf.

    Krebs, Antibarb. p. 250): quibus communicare de maximis rebus Pompeius consuerat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 18 (Dinter, ex conj., quibuscum):

    hisque omnium domus patent victusque communicatur,

    id. B. G. 6, 23 fin.;

    so with redditur,

    id. ib. 6, 13:

    sibi communicatum cum alio, non ademptum imperium esse,

    Liv. 22, 27, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    id aut ereptum illis est, aut certe nobis cum illis communicatum,

    Cic. Brut. 73, 254; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14 Halm ad loc.; id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 5; id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; Mamert. Pan. Max. 10; Cic. Pis. 39, 94 Ascon.—
    * (δ).
    Aliquem aliquā re:

    communicabo semper te mensā meā,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 50.—
    (ε).
    Absol.: nonne prius communicatum oportuit? * Ter. And. 1, 5, 4; Cic. Sull. 3, 9:

    et secundas res splendidiores facit amicitia et adversas partiens communicansque leviores,

    id. Lael. 6, 22; Quint. 9, 2, 22:

    ut ad se veniat rationesque belli gerendi communicet,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

    consilia communicant,

    id. B. C. 2, 4 fin.; cf. Sall. C. 18, 5; Suet. Aug. 75 fin.; Plin. 11, 30, 36, § 108; Quint. 9, 2, 22.—
    2.
    Transf. of things: aliquid cum aliquā re, to join to an equal part, to unite:

    viri, quantas pecunias ab uxoribus dotis nomine acceperunt, tantas ex suis bonis cum dotibus communicant,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 19:

    privabo potius illum debito testimonio, quam id cum meā laude communicem,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 3; id. Fam. 12, 2, 1.—
    3.
    In late Lat.: cum aliquo or alicui, to have intercourse with an inferior:

    ne cum peregrinis communicarent,

    Just. 36, 2, 15:

    malis,

    with evil-disposed persons, Aug. Ep. 162:

    ne communices homini indocto,

    Vulg. Ecclus. 8, 5.—Also alicui rei, to take part in, Vulg. 1 Tim. 5, 22.—
    B. (α).
    Aliquid cum aliquo:

    ut me juves Conmunicesque hanc mecum meam provinciam,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 153; cf.:

    provinciam cum Antonio,

    Cic. Pis. 2, 5:

    inimicitias mecum,

    id. Fam. 15, 21, 2:

    qui sibi cum illo rationem communicatam putat,

    believes that he has all things in common with him, id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; cf. id. ib. 48, 140; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 2. § 5 Zumpt; Liv. 22, 27, 8:

    haud dubitavit (Thalestris) fateri ad communicandos cum rege liberos se venisse,

    Curt. 6, 5, 30 Vogel ad loc.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    primo labores et discrimina, mox et gloriam communicabat,

    Tac. Agr. 8.—
    (γ).
    Alicui (late Lat.):

    altari Christi,

    to receive the sacrament, Aug. Ep. 162; id. contra Cresc. 3, 36.—
    II.
    In Tertull., acc. to communis, II., to make common, i. e. low, base, to contaminate, defile, Tert. Spect. 17; id. Patient. 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conmunico

  • 10 circumstringo

    circum-stringo, no perf., strictum, 3, v. a. (post-class.).
    * I.
    To bind about, to put on:

    aliquid alicui rei: habitus cervicibus circumstrictus,

    Tert. Pall. 1.—
    II.
    To tie around, to surround, clothe with:

    aliquid aliquā re: pallium,

    Tert. Pall. 5; id. Cor. Mil. 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > circumstringo

  • 11 insignis

    insignis, e, adj. [in-signum], distinguished by a mark; remarkable, noted, eminent, distinguished, prominent, extraordinary (class.): insignes appellantur boves, qui in femine et in pede album habent, quasi insigniti, Paul. ex Fest. p. 114 Müll.:

    maculis insignis et albo, i. e. maculis albis,

    Verg. G. 3, 56:

    insigni eum veste adornavit,

    Liv. 1, 20, 2:

    officinae,

    Plin. 35, 12, 46, § 161:

    virtus,

    Cic. Lael. 27, 102:

    vis,

    id. N. D. 2, 31, 80; id. de Or. 2, 22, 90:

    ad deformitatem puer,

    id. Leg. 3, 8, 19:

    homo omnibus insignis notis turpitudinis,

    id. Rab. Perd. 9, 24:

    vir,

    illustrious, Tac. A. 11, 19:

    totā cantabitur urbe,

    i. e. notorious, Hor. S. 2, 1, 46:

    debilitate aliqua corporis,

    remarkable, Suet. Calig. 26:

    indignus genere et praeclaro nomine tantum Insignis,

    Juv. 8, 32:

    cujus studium insigne fuit erga me,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 72:

    odium in aliquem,

    id. Att. 14, 13, B, 3:

    improbitas,

    id. de Or. 2, 58, 237:

    temeritas,

    id. Ac. 1, 12, 45:

    impudentia,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 29, § 66:

    honorum pagina,

    glorious. Juv. 10, 57:

    magnificentia,

    Tac. A. 11, 1: jamdiu causam quaerebat senex, quamobrem insigne aliquid faceret his, i. e. of punishing them severely, Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31.—With gen.:

    libidinum,

    Tert. Pall. 4.—With inf.:

    insignis ventos anteire lacerto,

    Sil. 16, 561.— Sup.:

    spectaculum,

    Tert. Spect. 12:

    religio,

    id. Apol. 21.— Adv.: insignĭter, remarkably, extraordinarily, notably:

    amicos diligere,

    Cic. Part. 23, 80:

    pullus insigniter cristatus,

    Suet. Tib. 14:

    dimicare,

    Just. 33, 2:

    facere unum aliquid,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 29, 1:

    verba nove et insigniter dicta,

    Gell. 19, 7, 2.— Comp.:

    ornari,

    Nep. Ages. 3, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > insignis

  • 12 voluto

    vŏlūto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. and n. [id.], to roll, turn, twist, or tumble about.
    I.
    Act.
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen.
    a.
    With acc.:

    amphoras per terram,

    Col. 12, 48, 4:

    pelagus (ventus),

    Luc. 1, 412: pilas e fimo pedibus. i. e. to form by rolling together, Plin. 11, 28, 34, § 98; cf. volvo, I.—With se:

    se in pulvere,

    to roll about, wallow, Plin. 30, 16, 53, § 148.—
    b.
    More freq., mid.:

    ut gallinae possint in pulvere volutari,

    roll themselves, roll, Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 7:

    sus caenoso lacu,

    Col. 7, 10, 6:

    super aureorum acervos... toto corpore volutatus est,

    Suet. Calig. 42 fin.:

    volutati supra jacentia poma (irenacei),

    Plin. 8, 37, 56, § 133; cf.

    in allusion to the lit. signif. of the name Verres: quem (Verrem) in luto volutatum totius corporis vestigiis invenimus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53:

    (animi) corporibus elapsi circum terram ipsam volutantur,

    id. Rep. 6, 26, 29:

    cum tibi pueri ad pedes volutarentur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 24, 33; so in part.:

    genua amplexus genibusque volutans Haerebat,

    Verg. A. 3, 607:

    (amnis) per cava saxa volutans,

    Ov. Am. 3, 6, 45:

    in sacco et cinere volutantes,

    Tert. Apol. 40 fin.
    2.
    In partic., in mal. part., Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 140; Sen. Contr. 1, 2; Petr. 79; Just. 12, 16, 2; Tert. ad Uxor. 9.—
    B.
    Trop., to roll, roll about, roll along, etc.; to roll, wallow.
    1.
    In gen.:

    vocem per ampla atria,

    to roll, spread, Verg. A. 1, 725; so,

    vocem,

    id. ib. 5, 149:

    murmura,

    id. ib. 10, 98: confusa verba. Ov. M. 12, 55.—

    Mid.: cum omnes in omni genere et scelerum et flagitiorum volutentur,

    wallow, Cic. Fam. 9, 3, 1:

    in omni dedecore,

    Auct. Her. 4, 13, 19:

    inter mala plurima,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 4.—
    2.
    In partic.
    (α).
    To busy, occupy (of the mind):

    animum saepe tacitis cogitationibus,

    Liv. 9, 17, 2:

    in veteribus scriptis studiose et multum volutatum esse,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 10, 39; cf. id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 4.—
    (β).
    To turn over or revolve in the mind; to consider, weigh, ponder:

    rem in pectore,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 1:

    gladios in comisationem praeparatos volutabam in animo,

    Liv. 40, 13, 4:

    haec secum volutantem in animo,

    id. 42, 11, 5:

    hoc eum jam pridem volutare in animo,

    id. 28, 18, 11:

    haec in animo voluta,

    Sen. Ep. 24, 15; cf.:

    in pectore volutare,

    Lact. 7, 16, 4:

    ipse quid intra animum volutaverim... omittam referre,

    Tac. A. 4, 40:

    nihil umquam nisi sempiternum et divinum animo volutare,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 28:

    aliud atque aliud consilium animo,

    Curt. 5, 12, 10; Tac. H. 2, 49; Sen. Cons. Marc. 11, 5:

    aliquid mente,

    Lucr. 3, 240:

    tacitus mecum ipse voluto,

    Verg. E. 9, 37:

    inter seque,

    Ov. M. 1, 389:

    multa secum animo volutans,

    Liv. 40, 8, 5:

    haec secum volutans,

    id. 30, 14, 3; 26, 7, 3:

    secum corde,

    Verg. A. 4, 533:

    suo cum corde,

    id. ib. 6, 185:

    aliquid in secreto cum amicis,

    to consider, discuss, Liv. 34, 36, 4:

    consilia de Romano bello,

    id. 34, 60, 2:

    quibus suā sponte volutantibus res inter se repugnantes obtorpuerant animi,

    id. 32, 20, 2.—
    II.
    Neutr., to roll or tumble one's self (very rare):

    leone obvio suppliciter volutante,

    Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 56; so id. 35, 11, 40, § 140 (cf. I. A. 1. b. fin. supra).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > voluto

  • 13 bonae

    bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.
    I.
    Attributively.
    A.
    As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.
    1.
    Vir bonus.
    (α).
    A man morally good (kalos kagathos):

    quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

    omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:

    ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,

    id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

    sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,

    id. Off. 3, 15, 64:

    qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,

    id. Lael. 5, 19:

    non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,

    id. Att. 7, 2, 4:

    ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:

    nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,

    id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—
    (β).
    An honest man:

    justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;

    3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,

    id. ib. 3, 19, 77:

    quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,

    id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—
    (γ).
    A man of good standing in the community:

    id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,

    Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:

    tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,

    Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;

    37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:

    vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:

    praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,

    Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—
    (δ).
    Ironically of bad men:

    sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:

    expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,

    Cic. Cael. 26, 63:

    nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,

    id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;

    so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:

    quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—
    (ε).
    Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):

    bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?

    Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—
    (ζ).
    As a conventional courtesy:

    homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:

    bone accusator,

    id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:

    sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,

    gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—
    2.
    Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:

    in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—
    3.
    With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:

    bonus consul,

    Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):

    boni tribuni plebis,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:

    bonus senator,

    id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:

    senator bonus,

    id. Dom. 4, 8:

    bonus judex,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:

    bonus augur (ironically),

    id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:

    bonus vates,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:

    bonus imperator,

    Sall. C. 60, 4:

    bonus dux,

    Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:

    naturam, optimam ducem,

    the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):

    bonus miles,

    Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:

    bonus orator,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

    optimus orator,

    id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:

    poeta bonus,

    id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

    scriptor bonus,

    Quint. 10, 1, 104:

    bonus advocatus,

    id. 5, 13, 10:

    bonus defensor,

    id. 5, 13, 3:

    bonus altercator,

    a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:

    bonus praeceptor,

    id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:

    bonus gubernator,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

    optimus opifex,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:

    sutor bonus,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 125:

    actor optimus,

    Cic. Sest. 57, 122:

    cantor optimus est modulator,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:

    melior gladiator,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

    bonus paterfamilias,

    a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

    bonus servus,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:

    dominus bonus,

    Cato, R. R. 14:

    bonus custos,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:

    filius bonus,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:

    patres,

    Quint. 11, 3, 178:

    parens,

    id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:

    uxor melior,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

    amicus,

    id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:

    amicus optimus,

    Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:

    optimus testis,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:

    auctor, in two senses,

    good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;

    and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),

    Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:

    bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,

    id. ib. 2, 23, 83:

    eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:

    optimus et fortissimus civis,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—
    4.
    Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:

    fata... bonique divi,

    Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:

    divis orte bonis,

    id. ib. 4, 5, 1:

    O bone deus!

    Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—
    (β).
    Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:

    (Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:

    Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 3, 36, 87:

    in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,

    id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:

    nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,

    id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—
    (γ).
    Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:

    di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!

    Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:

    di boni, boni quid porto!

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:

    di boni, quid hoc morbi est,

    id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:

    alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!

    Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—
    (δ).
    Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—
    5.
    Optimus as a laudatory epithet.
    (α).
    Vir optimus:

    per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,

    Cic. Sest. 1, 2:

    virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,

    id. ib. 35, 76:

    fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,

    id. ib.:

    consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,

    id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—
    (β).
    Femina bona, optima:

    tua conjunx bona femina,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

    hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,

    id. ib. —
    (γ).
    Senex, pater, frater, etc.:

    optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,

    Cic. Planc. 41, 97:

    insuevit pater optimus hoc me,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:

    C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—
    (δ).
    With proper names ( poet.):

    optimus Vergilius,

    Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:

    Maecenas optimus,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 27:

    optime Quinti,

    id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—
    (ε).
    Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:

    quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?

    Plin. Pan. 2, 7:

    gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!

    Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:

    ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:

    bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,

    Ov. F. 2, 637:

    optime Romulae Custos gentis,

    Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—
    6.
    Bonus and Bona, names of deities.
    (α).
    Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):

    Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,

    Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.

    in mal. part.,

    Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—
    (β).
    Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—
    (γ).
    Bona Fortuna:

    si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:

    Bonae Fortunae (signum),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:

    FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,

    Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —
    (δ).
    Bona Spes:

    Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,

    Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:

    BONAE SPEI,

    Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—
    (ε).
    BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:

    Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,

    Prop. 3, 24, 19.
    B.
    With nouns denoting things.
    1.
    Things concrete, denoting excellence:

    navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,

    Sen. Ep. 76, 13:

    gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,

    id. ib. 76, 14:

    id vinum erit lene et bono colore,

    Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:

    tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,

    Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:

    per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,

    id. ib. 73; cf.:

    bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:

    praedium bonum caelum habeat,

    good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:

    bona tempestate,

    in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:

    (praedium) solo bono valeat,

    by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:

    bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:

    villam bonam,

    Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

    bonus pons,

    Cat. 17, 5:

    scyphi optimi (= optime facti),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:

    perbona toreumata,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §

    38: bona domicilia,

    comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

    agrum Meliorem nemo habet,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:

    fundum meliorem,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:

    equus melior,

    id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

    bona cena,

    Cat. 13, 3:

    boni nummi,

    good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:

    super omnia vultus accessere boni,

    good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:

    mulier bona forma,

    of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:

    equus formae melioris,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:

    tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,

    fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:

    fruges bonae,

    Cat. 34, 19:

    ova suci melioris,

    of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:

    animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:

    bonum omen, 2. e.),

    Quint. 6, 3, 69:

    scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,

    good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,

    bona firmaque vox,

    Quint. 11, 3, 13.—
    2.
    Things abstract.
    a.
    Of physical well-being:

    ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:

    non bonus somnus de prandio est,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

    bona aetas,

    prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:

    optima aetate,

    id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:

    bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,

    Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—
    b.
    Of the mind and soul:

    meliore esse sensu,

    Cic. Sest. 21, 47:

    optima indoles,

    id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

    bona conscientia,

    Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:

    bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,

    with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:

    mens melior,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:

    duos optimae indolis filios,

    Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:

    bonum consilium,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    bona voluntas,

    a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:

    memoria bona,

    Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

    bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

    bonae rationes,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:

    pronuntiatio bona,

    Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—
    c.
    Of moral relations:

    ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;

    v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,

    Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:

    fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,

    of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:

    bona studia,

    moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:

    quidquid vita meliore parasti,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:

    Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,

    Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—
    d.
    Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:

    bono usui estis nulli,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:

    Optumo optume optumam operam das,

    id. Am. 1, 1, 122:

    bonam dedistis mihi operam,

    a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;

    v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    bonum otium,

    valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:

    bonis versibus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

    versus meliores,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:

    meliora poemata,

    Hor. A. P. 303:

    in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,

    Cic. Or. 8, 26:

    optimas fabulas,

    id. Off. 1, 31, 114:

    melius munus,

    id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—
    e.
    Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:

    de Procilio rumores non boni,

    unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:

    bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,

    about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:

    si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,

    id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.

    fortuna optima esse,

    to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:

    occasio tam bona,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:

    senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,

    Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:

    bona navigatio,

    id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;

    esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:

    ego sum spe bona,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:

    optima spe,

    id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;

    v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,

    more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:

    melior interpretatio,

    Tac. H. 3, 65:

    cum laude et bonis recordationibus,

    id. A. 4, 38:

    amnis Doctus iter melius,

    i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:

    omen bonum,

    a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.

    Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,

    Ov. F. 1, 221;

    optimum,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:

    bona scaeva,

    Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:

    auspicio optumo,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:

    memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—
    f.
    Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:

    optima res publica,

    id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

    minus bonis temporibus,

    id. Dom. 4, 8; so,

    optimis temporibus,

    id. Sest. 3, 6:

    nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:

    lex optima,

    id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—
    g.
    Good = large, considerable:

    bono atque amplo lucro,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 6:

    bona librorum copia,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:

    bona copia cornu,

    Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—
    h.
    Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:

    si bono genere natus sit,

    Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—
    k.
    Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.
    (α).
    Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:

    primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:

    bona tua venia dixerim,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:

    oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 7, 41, 3:

    obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,

    id. 6, 40, 10:

    cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,

    id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.

    . sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—
    (β).
    Bona pax, without quarrelling:

    bona pax sit potius,

    let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;

    so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,

    without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—
    (γ).
    Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:

    igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,

    Sall. J. 5, 5.—
    (δ).
    Bona societas, alliance:

    Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,

    Tac. A. 1, 58.
    C.
    In particular phrases.
    1.
    Bonae res.
    a.
    = Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:

    concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:

    optimis rebus usus est,

    he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—
    b.
    = Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:

    bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:

    in bonis rebus,

    Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —
    c.
    Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:

    homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,

    who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —
    d.
    Costly things, articles of luxury:

    capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:

    nimium rei bonae,

    id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:

    ignorantia bonarum rerum,

    Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:

    re bona copiosum esse,

    Gell. 16, 19, 7.—
    e.
    Moral, morally good:

    illi cum res non bonas tractent,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:

    ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 15:

    quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?

    id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:

    quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,

    id. Sen. 18, 65.—
    f.
    In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:

    res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:

    studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,

    Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—
    2.
    Bonae artes.
    (α).
    A good, laudable way of dealing:

    qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,

    Sall. C. 2, 9:

    huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,

    id. ib. 11, 2:

    quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,

    Tac. A. 6, 46.—
    (β).
    Liberal arts and sciences:

    litteris aut ulli bonae arti,

    Quint. 12, 1, 7:

    conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,

    Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:

    optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—
    3.
    Bona fides, or fides bona.
    a.
    Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:

    dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:

    si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—
    b.
    Jurid. t. t.
    (α).
    Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:

    ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,

    Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;

    41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,

    ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,
    (β).
    Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:

    actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,

    Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:

    quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,

    Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:

    iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,

    id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—
    4.
    Bona verba.
    (α).
    Kind words:

    Bona verba quaeso,

    Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—
    (β).
    Words of good omen (v. omen):

    dicamus bona verba,

    Tib. 2, 2, 1:

    dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,

    Ov. F. 2, 638.—
    (γ).
    Elegant or well-chosen expressions:

    quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,

    Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:

    verborum bonorum cursu,

    id. Brut. 66, 233:

    omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,

    Quint. 10, 1, 9.—
    (δ).
    Moral sayings:

    non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —
    5.
    Bona dicta.
    (α).
    Polite, courteous language:

    hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—
    (β).
    Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:

    dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:

    ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,

    id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—
    6.
    Bona facta.
    (α).
    = bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:

    nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),

    Tac. A. 3, 40.—
    (β).
    Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):

    bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:

    haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,

    id. ib. 45.— Hence,
    (γ).
    Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:

    peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,

    Suet. Caes. 80:

    et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,

    id. Vit. 14:

    hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,

    Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:

    o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,

    Tert. Pud. 1.—
    7.
    Bona gratia.
    (α).
    A friendly understanding:

    cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,

    per gratiam bonam abire,

    to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—
    (β).
    Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—
    8.
    Bona pars.
    (α).
    The well-disposed part of a body of persons:

    ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,

    Liv. 21, 4, 1:

    pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,

    id. 7, 21, 6.—
    (β).
    The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):

    civem bonarum partium,

    Cic. Sest. 32, 77:

    (fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,

    id. Cael. 6, 13:

    qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,

    Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—
    (γ).
    Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):

    bonam partem ad te adtulit,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:

    bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,

    Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:

    bonam magnamque partem exercitus,

    Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:

    bona pars noctium,

    Quint. 12, 11, 19:

    bona pars hominum,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:

    meae vocis... bona pars,

    id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:

    melior pars diei,

    Verg. A. 9, 156.—
    (δ).
    Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:

    nostri melior pars animus est,

    Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:

    quae pars optima est in homine,

    best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:

    major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,

    Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:

    Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,

    Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—
    (ε).
    Adverb.:

    bonam partem = ex magna parte,

    Lucr. 6, 1249.—
    (ζ).
    Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:

    Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,

    id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:

    quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,

    id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—
    9.
    Dies bonus or bona.
    (α).
    A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):

    tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,

    Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:

    nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,

    Ov. F. 1, 72.—
    (β).
    A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—
    10.
    Bonus mos.
    (α).
    Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:

    nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

    nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:

    domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,

    Sall. C. 9, 1:

    propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

    cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,

    Liv. 34, 6, 9:

    mores meliores,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—
    (β).
    Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:

    ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:

    neglegentia boni moris,

    Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:

    conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,

    in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —
    11.
    Adverbial phrases.
    a.
    Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.
    (α).
    To be of good cheer or courage:

    bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,

    Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:

    animo bono es,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:

    bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 26:

    bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:

    bono animo esse jubere eam consul,

    Liv. 39, 13, 7:

    habe modo bonum animum,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:

    habe animum bonum,

    id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:

    bonum animum habe,

    Liv. 45, 8, 5:

    clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,

    id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—
    (β).
    Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:

    audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:

    bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:

    quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—
    (γ).
    Bonus animus, good temper, patience:

    bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:

    vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,

    Ov. M. 9, 433.—
    b.
    Bono modo.
    (α).
    = placide, with composure, moderation:

    si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,

    Cato, R. R. 5:

    haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—
    (β).
    In a decent manner:

    neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —
    c.
    Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:

    te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:

    ut jure optimo me deserere posses,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:

    ne jure optimo irrideamur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;

    similarly, optimo judicio,

    Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.
    II.
    As subst.
    A.
    bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.
    1.
    In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.
    (α).
    Plur.:

    bonis quod bene fit haud perit,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:

    melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,

    Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

    verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,

    id. Lael. 14, 50:

    diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,

    Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:

    oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:

    tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:

    quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—
    (β).
    Sing.:

    malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:

    nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:

    qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—
    2.
    Bonus, a man of honor.
    (α).
    A brave man:

    pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:

    libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,

    Sall. C. 33, 5:

    fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):

    fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,

    Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —
    (β).
    A gentleman:

    quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—
    3.
    Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.
    (α).
    In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;

    so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,

    Cic. Sest. 16, 38:

    audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 47, 100:

    ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,

    id. Pis. 2, 4:

    etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,

    id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:

    maledictis increpat omnes bonos,

    Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,

    optimi,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:

    bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,

    id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—
    (β).
    Without reference to political views;

    opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:

    semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,

    Sall. C. 37, 3:

    elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,

    Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:

    ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:

    da locum melioribus,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—
    4.
    Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—
    5.
    Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.
    (α).
    Referring to morality:

    esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,

    every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

    qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,

    id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:

    quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?

    Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—
    (β).
    Of the educated classes:

    adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:

    Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,

    Sall. C. 34, 2:

    optimo cuique infesta libertas,

    Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—
    (γ).
    Honorable, brave:

    optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri,

    Sall. J. 92, 8.—
    (δ).
    In gen., excellent:

    optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,

    Sall. C. 8, 5.—
    (ε).
    Distributively:

    ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,

    to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—
    (ζ).
    Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):

    hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—
    (η).
    Attributively, with a noun:

    optimam quamque causam,

    Cic. Sest. 43, 93:

    optima quaeque dies,

    Verg. G. 3, 66.
    2.
    bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.
    1.
    Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;

    nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:

    quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,

    id. Par. 1, 1, 9:

    ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,

    id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

    non-est igitur voluptas bonum,

    id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:

    sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—
    2.
    Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:

    quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:

    multa bona vobis volt facere,

    will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:

    tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,

    id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:

    multa tibi di dent bona,

    id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:

    omnia Bona dicere,

    to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:

    sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

    cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,

    id. ib. 5, 41, 120:

    nihil enim boni nosti,

    nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:

    mala pro bonis legere dementia est,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:

    quia bonum sit valere,

    a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):

    melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,

    id. Lael. 6, 20:

    meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,

    id. Or. 1, 10, 43:

    optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,

    id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;

    v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,

    to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:

    ad melius transcurrere,

    to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—
    3.
    Bonum or bona, prosperity:

    fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:

    nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,

    id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:

    unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:

    quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),

    Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—
    4.
    Good qualities, gifts:

    omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:

    magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:

    nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,

    id. Cael. 5, 11:

    hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,

    id. ib. 17, 39:

    non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,

    id. Balb. 28, 63:

    gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,

    id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—
    5.
    Advantage, benefit:

    si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,

    Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:

    saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,

    id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:

    maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,

    Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:

    hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—
    6.
    With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:

    si bonum aequomque oras,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:

    si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:

    a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:

    istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,

    I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—
    7.
    Bona, one ' s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one's possessions.
    a.
    In gen.:

    paterna oportet reddi filio bona,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:

    bona sua med habiturum omnia,

    id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:

    bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,

    Cic. Sest. 24, 54:

    cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,

    id. ib. 30, 65:

    bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,

    id. Caecin. 13, 38:

    at mulctantur bonis exsules,

    id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—
    b.
    Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.
    (α).
    Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—
    (β).
    Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:

    postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:

    edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,

    Liv. 2, 24, 6:

    bona proscribere,

    to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—
    (γ).
    Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—
    c.
    In bonis esse;

    with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),

    Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:

    neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,

    ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.
    III.
    Predicative use.
    A.
    With nouns or pronouns as subjects.
    1.
    Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:

    nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:

    bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,

    id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:

    itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:

    Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,

    Sall. C. 54, 5:

    ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,

    Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin.
    2.
    To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:

    jam istuc non bonumst,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:

    oleum viridius et melius fiet,

    id. ib. 3:

    vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,

    to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:

    quid est homini salute melius?

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:

    non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,

    id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:

    quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?

    Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

    in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,

    id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:

    meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,

    Liv. 2, 51, 3:

    parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,

    Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:

    si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:

    quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,

    Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;

    3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;

    and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—
    3.
    To be kind:

    bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,

    Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:

    hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—
    4.
    With reference to the gods:

    ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:

    Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),

    Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—
    B.
    Impers.
    1.
    Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).
    (α).
    Without a subject:

    bonum sit!

    may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.—
    (β).
    With subject inf.:

    nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:

    bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,

    id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—
    2.
    Melius est.
    (α).
    With subject inf.:

    melius sanam est mentem sumere,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:

    nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,

    melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,

    it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:

    proinde quiesse erit melius,

    Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—
    (β).
    With subject inf.-clause:

    meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—
    (γ).
    With ut-clause:

    quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—
    (δ).
    With subjectclause in the subjunctive:

    nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—
    3.
    Optimum est.
    (α).
    With subject inf.:

    optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,

    Liv. 23, 34, 8:

    si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,

    Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—
    (β).
    With inf.-clause:

    constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—
    (γ).
    With ut and subj:

    hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—
    (δ).
    With quod:

    illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:

    optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,

    id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—
    (ε).
    With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):

    sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:

    optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 30:

    optumum factu credens exercitum augere,

    Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).
    IV.
    Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:

    di melius duint,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:

    di meliora velint!

    Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:

    di meliora! inquit,

    Cic. Sen. 14, 47:

    id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,

    Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;

    similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,

    Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.
    V.
    With object expressed,
    1.
    By dat.
    (α).
    = good, useful, beneficial for:

    ambula, id lieni optumum est,

    Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:

    quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,

    Sall. C. 20, 3:

    bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,

    Verg. G. 2, 447.—
    (β).
    = benignus or propitius, kind to:

    vicinis bonus esto,

    Cato, R. R. 4:

    bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,

    Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:

    vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,

    Verg. A. 12, 647.—
    (γ).
    = idoneus, fit for, adapted to:

    qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,

    Cato, R. R. 6:

    tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,

    id. ib. 26:

    terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,

    Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—
    (δ).
    With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:

    accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:

    bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,

    Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:

    quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:

    cui bono fuisset,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.

    ellipt. form cui bono?

    Prisc. p. 1208 P.—
    (ε).
    With dat. gerund:

    ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,

    Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:

    (mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,

    Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—
    2.
    By ad and acc.:

    refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 91:

    occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,

    Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:

    non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,

    Tac. A. 2, 14.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bonae

  • 14 bonus

    bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.
    I.
    Attributively.
    A.
    As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.
    1.
    Vir bonus.
    (α).
    A man morally good (kalos kagathos):

    quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

    omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:

    ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,

    id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

    sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,

    id. Off. 3, 15, 64:

    qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,

    id. Lael. 5, 19:

    non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,

    id. Att. 7, 2, 4:

    ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:

    nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,

    id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—
    (β).
    An honest man:

    justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;

    3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,

    id. ib. 3, 19, 77:

    quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,

    id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—
    (γ).
    A man of good standing in the community:

    id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,

    Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:

    tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,

    Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;

    37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:

    vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:

    praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,

    Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—
    (δ).
    Ironically of bad men:

    sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:

    expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,

    Cic. Cael. 26, 63:

    nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,

    id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;

    so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:

    quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—
    (ε).
    Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):

    bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?

    Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—
    (ζ).
    As a conventional courtesy:

    homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:

    bone accusator,

    id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:

    sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,

    gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—
    2.
    Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:

    in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—
    3.
    With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:

    bonus consul,

    Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):

    boni tribuni plebis,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:

    bonus senator,

    id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:

    senator bonus,

    id. Dom. 4, 8:

    bonus judex,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:

    bonus augur (ironically),

    id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:

    bonus vates,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:

    bonus imperator,

    Sall. C. 60, 4:

    bonus dux,

    Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:

    naturam, optimam ducem,

    the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):

    bonus miles,

    Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:

    bonus orator,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

    optimus orator,

    id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:

    poeta bonus,

    id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

    scriptor bonus,

    Quint. 10, 1, 104:

    bonus advocatus,

    id. 5, 13, 10:

    bonus defensor,

    id. 5, 13, 3:

    bonus altercator,

    a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:

    bonus praeceptor,

    id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:

    bonus gubernator,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

    optimus opifex,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:

    sutor bonus,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 125:

    actor optimus,

    Cic. Sest. 57, 122:

    cantor optimus est modulator,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:

    melior gladiator,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

    bonus paterfamilias,

    a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

    bonus servus,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:

    dominus bonus,

    Cato, R. R. 14:

    bonus custos,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:

    filius bonus,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:

    patres,

    Quint. 11, 3, 178:

    parens,

    id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:

    uxor melior,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

    amicus,

    id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:

    amicus optimus,

    Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:

    optimus testis,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:

    auctor, in two senses,

    good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;

    and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),

    Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:

    bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,

    id. ib. 2, 23, 83:

    eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:

    optimus et fortissimus civis,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—
    4.
    Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:

    fata... bonique divi,

    Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:

    divis orte bonis,

    id. ib. 4, 5, 1:

    O bone deus!

    Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—
    (β).
    Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:

    (Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:

    Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 3, 36, 87:

    in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,

    id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:

    nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,

    id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—
    (γ).
    Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:

    di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!

    Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:

    di boni, boni quid porto!

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:

    di boni, quid hoc morbi est,

    id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:

    alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!

    Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—
    (δ).
    Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—
    5.
    Optimus as a laudatory epithet.
    (α).
    Vir optimus:

    per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,

    Cic. Sest. 1, 2:

    virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,

    id. ib. 35, 76:

    fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,

    id. ib.:

    consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,

    id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—
    (β).
    Femina bona, optima:

    tua conjunx bona femina,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

    hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,

    id. ib. —
    (γ).
    Senex, pater, frater, etc.:

    optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,

    Cic. Planc. 41, 97:

    insuevit pater optimus hoc me,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:

    C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—
    (δ).
    With proper names ( poet.):

    optimus Vergilius,

    Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:

    Maecenas optimus,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 27:

    optime Quinti,

    id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—
    (ε).
    Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:

    quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?

    Plin. Pan. 2, 7:

    gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!

    Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:

    ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:

    bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,

    Ov. F. 2, 637:

    optime Romulae Custos gentis,

    Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—
    6.
    Bonus and Bona, names of deities.
    (α).
    Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):

    Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,

    Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.

    in mal. part.,

    Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—
    (β).
    Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—
    (γ).
    Bona Fortuna:

    si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:

    Bonae Fortunae (signum),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:

    FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,

    Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —
    (δ).
    Bona Spes:

    Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,

    Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:

    BONAE SPEI,

    Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—
    (ε).
    BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:

    Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,

    Prop. 3, 24, 19.
    B.
    With nouns denoting things.
    1.
    Things concrete, denoting excellence:

    navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,

    Sen. Ep. 76, 13:

    gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,

    id. ib. 76, 14:

    id vinum erit lene et bono colore,

    Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:

    tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,

    Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:

    per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,

    id. ib. 73; cf.:

    bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:

    praedium bonum caelum habeat,

    good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:

    bona tempestate,

    in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:

    (praedium) solo bono valeat,

    by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:

    bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:

    villam bonam,

    Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

    bonus pons,

    Cat. 17, 5:

    scyphi optimi (= optime facti),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:

    perbona toreumata,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §

    38: bona domicilia,

    comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

    agrum Meliorem nemo habet,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:

    fundum meliorem,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:

    equus melior,

    id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

    bona cena,

    Cat. 13, 3:

    boni nummi,

    good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:

    super omnia vultus accessere boni,

    good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:

    mulier bona forma,

    of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:

    equus formae melioris,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:

    tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,

    fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:

    fruges bonae,

    Cat. 34, 19:

    ova suci melioris,

    of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:

    animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:

    bonum omen, 2. e.),

    Quint. 6, 3, 69:

    scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,

    good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,

    bona firmaque vox,

    Quint. 11, 3, 13.—
    2.
    Things abstract.
    a.
    Of physical well-being:

    ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:

    non bonus somnus de prandio est,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

    bona aetas,

    prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:

    optima aetate,

    id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:

    bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,

    Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—
    b.
    Of the mind and soul:

    meliore esse sensu,

    Cic. Sest. 21, 47:

    optima indoles,

    id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

    bona conscientia,

    Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:

    bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,

    with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:

    mens melior,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:

    duos optimae indolis filios,

    Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:

    bonum consilium,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    bona voluntas,

    a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:

    memoria bona,

    Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

    bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

    bonae rationes,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:

    pronuntiatio bona,

    Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—
    c.
    Of moral relations:

    ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;

    v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,

    Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:

    fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,

    of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:

    bona studia,

    moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:

    quidquid vita meliore parasti,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:

    Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,

    Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—
    d.
    Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:

    bono usui estis nulli,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:

    Optumo optume optumam operam das,

    id. Am. 1, 1, 122:

    bonam dedistis mihi operam,

    a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;

    v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    bonum otium,

    valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:

    bonis versibus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

    versus meliores,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:

    meliora poemata,

    Hor. A. P. 303:

    in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,

    Cic. Or. 8, 26:

    optimas fabulas,

    id. Off. 1, 31, 114:

    melius munus,

    id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—
    e.
    Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:

    de Procilio rumores non boni,

    unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:

    bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,

    about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:

    si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,

    id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.

    fortuna optima esse,

    to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:

    occasio tam bona,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:

    senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,

    Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:

    bona navigatio,

    id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;

    esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:

    ego sum spe bona,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:

    optima spe,

    id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;

    v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,

    more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:

    melior interpretatio,

    Tac. H. 3, 65:

    cum laude et bonis recordationibus,

    id. A. 4, 38:

    amnis Doctus iter melius,

    i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:

    omen bonum,

    a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.

    Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,

    Ov. F. 1, 221;

    optimum,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:

    bona scaeva,

    Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:

    auspicio optumo,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:

    memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—
    f.
    Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:

    optima res publica,

    id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

    minus bonis temporibus,

    id. Dom. 4, 8; so,

    optimis temporibus,

    id. Sest. 3, 6:

    nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:

    lex optima,

    id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—
    g.
    Good = large, considerable:

    bono atque amplo lucro,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 6:

    bona librorum copia,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:

    bona copia cornu,

    Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—
    h.
    Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:

    si bono genere natus sit,

    Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—
    k.
    Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.
    (α).
    Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:

    primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:

    bona tua venia dixerim,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:

    oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 7, 41, 3:

    obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,

    id. 6, 40, 10:

    cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,

    id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.

    . sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—
    (β).
    Bona pax, without quarrelling:

    bona pax sit potius,

    let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;

    so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,

    without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—
    (γ).
    Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:

    igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,

    Sall. J. 5, 5.—
    (δ).
    Bona societas, alliance:

    Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,

    Tac. A. 1, 58.
    C.
    In particular phrases.
    1.
    Bonae res.
    a.
    = Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:

    concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:

    optimis rebus usus est,

    he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—
    b.
    = Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:

    bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:

    in bonis rebus,

    Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —
    c.
    Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:

    homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,

    who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —
    d.
    Costly things, articles of luxury:

    capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:

    nimium rei bonae,

    id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:

    ignorantia bonarum rerum,

    Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:

    re bona copiosum esse,

    Gell. 16, 19, 7.—
    e.
    Moral, morally good:

    illi cum res non bonas tractent,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:

    ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 15:

    quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?

    id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:

    quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,

    id. Sen. 18, 65.—
    f.
    In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:

    res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:

    studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,

    Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—
    2.
    Bonae artes.
    (α).
    A good, laudable way of dealing:

    qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,

    Sall. C. 2, 9:

    huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,

    id. ib. 11, 2:

    quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,

    Tac. A. 6, 46.—
    (β).
    Liberal arts and sciences:

    litteris aut ulli bonae arti,

    Quint. 12, 1, 7:

    conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,

    Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:

    optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—
    3.
    Bona fides, or fides bona.
    a.
    Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:

    dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:

    si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—
    b.
    Jurid. t. t.
    (α).
    Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:

    ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,

    Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;

    41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,

    ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,
    (β).
    Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:

    actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,

    Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:

    quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,

    Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:

    iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,

    id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—
    4.
    Bona verba.
    (α).
    Kind words:

    Bona verba quaeso,

    Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—
    (β).
    Words of good omen (v. omen):

    dicamus bona verba,

    Tib. 2, 2, 1:

    dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,

    Ov. F. 2, 638.—
    (γ).
    Elegant or well-chosen expressions:

    quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,

    Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:

    verborum bonorum cursu,

    id. Brut. 66, 233:

    omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,

    Quint. 10, 1, 9.—
    (δ).
    Moral sayings:

    non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —
    5.
    Bona dicta.
    (α).
    Polite, courteous language:

    hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—
    (β).
    Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:

    dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:

    ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,

    id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—
    6.
    Bona facta.
    (α).
    = bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:

    nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),

    Tac. A. 3, 40.—
    (β).
    Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):

    bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:

    haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,

    id. ib. 45.— Hence,
    (γ).
    Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:

    peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,

    Suet. Caes. 80:

    et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,

    id. Vit. 14:

    hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,

    Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:

    o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,

    Tert. Pud. 1.—
    7.
    Bona gratia.
    (α).
    A friendly understanding:

    cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,

    per gratiam bonam abire,

    to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—
    (β).
    Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—
    8.
    Bona pars.
    (α).
    The well-disposed part of a body of persons:

    ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,

    Liv. 21, 4, 1:

    pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,

    id. 7, 21, 6.—
    (β).
    The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):

    civem bonarum partium,

    Cic. Sest. 32, 77:

    (fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,

    id. Cael. 6, 13:

    qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,

    Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—
    (γ).
    Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):

    bonam partem ad te adtulit,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:

    bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,

    Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:

    bonam magnamque partem exercitus,

    Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:

    bona pars noctium,

    Quint. 12, 11, 19:

    bona pars hominum,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:

    meae vocis... bona pars,

    id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:

    melior pars diei,

    Verg. A. 9, 156.—
    (δ).
    Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:

    nostri melior pars animus est,

    Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:

    quae pars optima est in homine,

    best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:

    major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,

    Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:

    Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,

    Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—
    (ε).
    Adverb.:

    bonam partem = ex magna parte,

    Lucr. 6, 1249.—
    (ζ).
    Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:

    Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,

    id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:

    quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,

    id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—
    9.
    Dies bonus or bona.
    (α).
    A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):

    tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,

    Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:

    nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,

    Ov. F. 1, 72.—
    (β).
    A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—
    10.
    Bonus mos.
    (α).
    Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:

    nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

    nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:

    domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,

    Sall. C. 9, 1:

    propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

    cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,

    Liv. 34, 6, 9:

    mores meliores,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—
    (β).
    Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:

    ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:

    neglegentia boni moris,

    Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:

    conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,

    in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —
    11.
    Adverbial phrases.
    a.
    Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.
    (α).
    To be of good cheer or courage:

    bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,

    Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:

    animo bono es,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:

    bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 26:

    bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:

    bono animo esse jubere eam consul,

    Liv. 39, 13, 7:

    habe modo bonum animum,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:

    habe animum bonum,

    id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:

    bonum animum habe,

    Liv. 45, 8, 5:

    clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,

    id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—
    (β).
    Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:

    audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:

    bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:

    quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—
    (γ).
    Bonus animus, good temper, patience:

    bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:

    vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,

    Ov. M. 9, 433.—
    b.
    Bono modo.
    (α).
    = placide, with composure, moderation:

    si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,

    Cato, R. R. 5:

    haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—
    (β).
    In a decent manner:

    neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —
    c.
    Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:

    te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:

    ut jure optimo me deserere posses,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:

    ne jure optimo irrideamur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;

    similarly, optimo judicio,

    Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.
    II.
    As subst.
    A.
    bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.
    1.
    In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.
    (α).
    Plur.:

    bonis quod bene fit haud perit,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:

    melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,

    Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

    verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,

    id. Lael. 14, 50:

    diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,

    Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:

    oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:

    tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:

    quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—
    (β).
    Sing.:

    malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:

    nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:

    qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—
    2.
    Bonus, a man of honor.
    (α).
    A brave man:

    pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:

    libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,

    Sall. C. 33, 5:

    fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):

    fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,

    Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —
    (β).
    A gentleman:

    quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—
    3.
    Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.
    (α).
    In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;

    so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,

    Cic. Sest. 16, 38:

    audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 47, 100:

    ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,

    id. Pis. 2, 4:

    etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,

    id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:

    maledictis increpat omnes bonos,

    Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,

    optimi,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:

    bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,

    id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—
    (β).
    Without reference to political views;

    opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:

    semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,

    Sall. C. 37, 3:

    elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,

    Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:

    ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:

    da locum melioribus,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—
    4.
    Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—
    5.
    Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.
    (α).
    Referring to morality:

    esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,

    every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

    qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,

    id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:

    quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?

    Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—
    (β).
    Of the educated classes:

    adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:

    Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,

    Sall. C. 34, 2:

    optimo cuique infesta libertas,

    Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—
    (γ).
    Honorable, brave:

    optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri,

    Sall. J. 92, 8.—
    (δ).
    In gen., excellent:

    optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,

    Sall. C. 8, 5.—
    (ε).
    Distributively:

    ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,

    to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—
    (ζ).
    Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):

    hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—
    (η).
    Attributively, with a noun:

    optimam quamque causam,

    Cic. Sest. 43, 93:

    optima quaeque dies,

    Verg. G. 3, 66.
    2.
    bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.
    1.
    Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;

    nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:

    quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,

    id. Par. 1, 1, 9:

    ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,

    id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

    non-est igitur voluptas bonum,

    id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:

    sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—
    2.
    Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:

    quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:

    multa bona vobis volt facere,

    will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:

    tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,

    id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:

    multa tibi di dent bona,

    id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:

    omnia Bona dicere,

    to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:

    sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

    cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,

    id. ib. 5, 41, 120:

    nihil enim boni nosti,

    nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:

    mala pro bonis legere dementia est,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:

    quia bonum sit valere,

    a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):

    melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,

    id. Lael. 6, 20:

    meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,

    id. Or. 1, 10, 43:

    optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,

    id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;

    v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,

    to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:

    ad melius transcurrere,

    to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—
    3.
    Bonum or bona, prosperity:

    fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:

    nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,

    id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:

    unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:

    quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),

    Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—
    4.
    Good qualities, gifts:

    omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:

    magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:

    nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,

    id. Cael. 5, 11:

    hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,

    id. ib. 17, 39:

    non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,

    id. Balb. 28, 63:

    gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,

    id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—
    5.
    Advantage, benefit:

    si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,

    Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:

    saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,

    id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:

    maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,

    Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:

    hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—
    6.
    With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:

    si bonum aequomque oras,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:

    si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:

    a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:

    istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,

    I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—
    7.
    Bona, one ' s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one's possessions.
    a.
    In gen.:

    paterna oportet reddi filio bona,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:

    bona sua med habiturum omnia,

    id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:

    bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,

    Cic. Sest. 24, 54:

    cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,

    id. ib. 30, 65:

    bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,

    id. Caecin. 13, 38:

    at mulctantur bonis exsules,

    id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—
    b.
    Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.
    (α).
    Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—
    (β).
    Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:

    postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:

    edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,

    Liv. 2, 24, 6:

    bona proscribere,

    to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—
    (γ).
    Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—
    c.
    In bonis esse;

    with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),

    Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:

    neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,

    ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.
    III.
    Predicative use.
    A.
    With nouns or pronouns as subjects.
    1.
    Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:

    nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:

    bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,

    id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:

    itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:

    Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,

    Sall. C. 54, 5:

    ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,

    Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin.
    2.
    To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:

    jam istuc non bonumst,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:

    oleum viridius et melius fiet,

    id. ib. 3:

    vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,

    to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:

    quid est homini salute melius?

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:

    non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,

    id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:

    quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?

    Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

    in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,

    id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:

    meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,

    Liv. 2, 51, 3:

    parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,

    Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:

    si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:

    quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,

    Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;

    3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;

    and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—
    3.
    To be kind:

    bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,

    Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:

    hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—
    4.
    With reference to the gods:

    ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:

    Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),

    Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—
    B.
    Impers.
    1.
    Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).
    (α).
    Without a subject:

    bonum sit!

    may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.—
    (β).
    With subject inf.:

    nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:

    bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,

    id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—
    2.
    Melius est.
    (α).
    With subject inf.:

    melius sanam est mentem sumere,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:

    nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,

    melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,

    it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:

    proinde quiesse erit melius,

    Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—
    (β).
    With subject inf.-clause:

    meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—
    (γ).
    With ut-clause:

    quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—
    (δ).
    With subjectclause in the subjunctive:

    nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—
    3.
    Optimum est.
    (α).
    With subject inf.:

    optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,

    Liv. 23, 34, 8:

    si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,

    Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—
    (β).
    With inf.-clause:

    constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—
    (γ).
    With ut and subj:

    hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—
    (δ).
    With quod:

    illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:

    optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,

    id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—
    (ε).
    With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):

    sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:

    optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 30:

    optumum factu credens exercitum augere,

    Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).
    IV.
    Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:

    di melius duint,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:

    di meliora velint!

    Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:

    di meliora! inquit,

    Cic. Sen. 14, 47:

    id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,

    Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;

    similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,

    Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.
    V.
    With object expressed,
    1.
    By dat.
    (α).
    = good, useful, beneficial for:

    ambula, id lieni optumum est,

    Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:

    quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,

    Sall. C. 20, 3:

    bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,

    Verg. G. 2, 447.—
    (β).
    = benignus or propitius, kind to:

    vicinis bonus esto,

    Cato, R. R. 4:

    bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,

    Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:

    vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,

    Verg. A. 12, 647.—
    (γ).
    = idoneus, fit for, adapted to:

    qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,

    Cato, R. R. 6:

    tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,

    id. ib. 26:

    terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,

    Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—
    (δ).
    With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:

    accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:

    bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,

    Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:

    quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:

    cui bono fuisset,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.

    ellipt. form cui bono?

    Prisc. p. 1208 P.—
    (ε).
    With dat. gerund:

    ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,

    Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:

    (mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,

    Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—
    2.
    By ad and acc.:

    refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 91:

    occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,

    Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:

    non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,

    Tac. A. 2, 14.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bonus

  • 15 effero

    1.
    ef-fĕro or ecfĕro (cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 766), extŭli, ēlatum, efferre or ecferre, v. a., to bring or carry out, to bring forth (very freq. and class.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    ex navi,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 82; cf.

    tela, etc., ex aedibus Cethegi,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 3 fin.:

    argentum jubeo jam intus efferri foras,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 62; cf. id. ib. 4, 9, 127; id. Most. 2, 1, 58; id. Mil. 4, 8, 4:

    argentum ad aliquem,

    id. Epid. 5, 1, 27; id. Truc. 3, 1, 16:

    machaeram huc,

    id. Mil. 2, 5, 53; cf. id. Stich. 2, 2, 28:

    puerum extra aedes usquam,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 48:

    cistellam domo,

    id. Eun. 4, 6, 15; cf.:

    cibaria sibi quemque domo,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 5, 3:

    frumentum ab Ilerda,

    id. B. C. 1, 78, 1:

    piscem de custodia,

    Col. 8, 17 fin.:

    litteras,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 45, 4:

    mucronem,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 2; cf.:

    vexilla, signa, arma (e castris, extra fines, etc.),

    Liv. 10, 19; 27, 2; 29, 21; Tac. H. 3, 31 al.:

    ferrum a latere deripuit, elatumque deferebat in pectus,

    id. A. 1, 35 fin.: Colchis pedem, Enn. ap. Non. 297, 20; so,

    pedem,

    Verg. A. 2, 657; cf.

    pedem aedibus,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 19:

    pedem portā,

    Cic. Att. 6, 8, 5; 7, 2, 6; Suet. Tib. 38:

    pedem quoquam,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 97:

    se hinc (ignis),

    Lucr. 6, 89 and 385:

    se vallo (equus),

    Tac. A. 15, 7:

    Furium longius extulit cursus,

    Liv. 3, 5; cf.:

    Messium impetus per hostes extulit,

    id. 4, 29.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Like the Gr. ekpherô, to carry out (of the house) for burial, to bear to the grave, to bury (cf.: cremo, humo, sepelio, prosequor): optumum'st Loces illum efferendum;

    nam jam credo mortuus est,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 32; id. Most. 4, 3, 8 sqq.; Ter. And. 1, 1, 90 Don. and Ruhnk.; 1, 1, 101; Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 80; Nep. Att. 17; Liv. 2, 33; 3, 18 fin.; Quint. 8, 5, 21; Suet. Aug. 99; Hor. S. 2, 5, 85; Vulg. Luc. 7, 12.—
    b.
    Transf.: meo unius funere elata populi Romani esset res publica, carried to burial, i. e. overthrown, destroyed, Liv. 28, 28; 24, 22; 31, 29.—
    2.
    Of a fruit-bearing soil, to bring forth, bear, produce:

    id, quod agri efferant,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 4 fin.; id. Brut. 4, 16; cf. also id. Verr. 2, 3, 47 fin.; 86 al.—
    b.
    Transf.:

    ea, quae efferant aliquid ex sese, perfectiores habere naturas quam, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 33 fin.; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 109; poet.:

    (Italia) genus acre virum,

    Verg. G. 2, 169.—
    3.
    Of motion in an upward direction (cf.: erigo and educo, II. B. 1.), to lift up, elevate, raise, exalt, Lucil. ap. Non. 297, 25:

    aliquem in murum,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 47 fin.:

    pars operis in altitudinem turris elata,

    id. B. C. 2, 8 fin.; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 103; and Suet. Calig. 32:

    corvus e conspectu elatus,

    Liv. 7, 26:

    pulvis elatus,

    id. 4, 33:

    elata super capita scuta,

    Tac. H. 3, 27: jubar (luna), Petron. Poët. 89, 2, 54; poet.:

    caput Auctumnus agris extulit,

    Hor. Epod. 2, 18.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To set forth, spread abroad, utter, publish, proclaim:

    clamorem,

    to raise, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73:

    quod neque in vulgum disciplinam efferri velint, neque, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 14, 4; cf. Plin. 2, 12, 9:

    vocem ejus in vulgus,

    Tac. A. 12, 21:

    tuum peccatum foras,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 65 Ruhnk.:

    hoc foras,

    Cic. Phil. 10, 3; so,

    clandestina consilia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 6:

    rem,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2:

    has meas ineptias,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

    divinitus dicta,

    id. ib. 3, 1 fin. et saep.—With a rel. clause:

    posteaquam in volgus militum elatum est, qua arrogantia in colloquio Ariovistus usus, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 4.—
    2.
    In partic., of speech, to utter, pronounce, express, declare:

    verbum de verbo expressum extulit,

    Ter. Ad. prol. 11:

    ut verba inter se ra tione conjuncta sententiam efferant,

    Varr. L. L. 8, § 1 Müll.:

    si graves sententiae inconditis verbis efferuntur,

    Cic. Or. 44, 150; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 13:

    quae incisim aut membratim efferuntur, ea, etc.,

    Cic. Or. 67; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 33; 8, 3, 40; 10, 2, 17: pleraque utroque modo efferuntur, luxuriatur, luxuriat, etc., id. 9, 3, 7; cf. id. 1, 5, 16; 64; 2, 14, 2.—
    B.
    In the pass., qs. to be carried out of one's self by passions, feelings, etc.; to be carried away, transported, hurried away: usque adeo studio atque odio illius efferor ira, Lucil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 21 fin.; so,

    studio,

    Cic. de Sen. 23, 83; id. Att. 1, 8, 2; id. N. D. 1, 20 fin.; Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 2; cf.

    cupiditate,

    Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49:

    vi naturae atque ingenii,

    id. Mur. 31, 65:

    laetitia,

    id. Deiot. 9, 26 (cf. act.:

    comitia ista praeclara, quae me laetitia extulerunt,

    id. Fam. 2, 10):

    incredibili gaudio,

    id. Fam. 10, 12, 2; cf. id. Rep. 3, 30; Suet. Caes. 22:

    voluptate canendi ac saltandi,

    id. Calig. 54:

    popularitate,

    id. Ner. 53.—
    C.
    (Acc. to I. B. 3.) To raise, elevate, exalt:

    pretia alicujus rei,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 6 fin.:

    quorum animi altius se extulerunt,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 3:

    aliquem ad summum imperium per omnes honorum gradus,

    id. Cat. 1, 11, 28; cf.:

    aliquem supra leges,

    Tac. A. 2, 34; and:

    aliquem geminatis consulatibus,

    id. ib. 1, 3; cf. also id. ib. 4, 40:

    aliquem pecunia aut honore,

    Sall. J. 49, 4:

    patriam demersam extuli,

    Cic. Sull. 31, 87; cf. Nep. Dion. 6; Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 34:

    aliquem maximis laudibus,

    id. Off. 2, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 87:

    aliquem summis laudibus ad caelum,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 14; cf. Nep. Dion. 7 fin.:

    aliquid maximis laudibus,

    Cic. Lael. 7, 24:

    aliquem laudibus,

    Tac. A. 3, 72:

    aliquem verbis,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 52:

    aliquid versibus,

    id. Rep. 1, 14;

    and simply aliquid,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 56; Tac. A. 2, 63:

    aliquem in summum odium,

    id. H. 4, 42; cf.:

    rem in summam invidiam,

    Quint. 8, 4, 19.—
    2.
    In partic., with se, to raise, elevate one's self; to rise, advance (cf.:

    appareo, eluceo, exsisto): cum (virtus) se extulit et ostendit suum lumen,

    Cic. Lael. 27; cf.

    so with a figure borrowed from the heavenly bodies: qua in urbe (Athenis) primum se orator extulit,

    id. Brut. 7, 26:

    volo se efferat in adolescente fecunditas,

    id. de Or. 2, 21.—
    b.
    In a bad sense, with se, or in the [p. 629] pass., to lift up one's self, to carry one's self high; to be puffed up, haughty, proud on account of any thing (the figure being borrowed from a prancing horse; cf. Liv. 30, 20; and Quint. 10, 3, 10):

    nec cohibendo efferentem se fortunam, quanto altius elatus erat, eo foedius corruit (Atilius),

    Liv. 30, 30:

    quod aut cupias ardenter aut adeptus ecferas te insolenter,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39:

    qui enim victoria se ecferunt, quasi victos nos intuentur,

    id. Fam. 9, 2, 2; cf.:

    se altius et incivilius,

    Flor. 1, 26, 8:

    sese audacia, scelere atque superbia,

    Sall. J. 14, 11:

    hic me magnifice effero,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 31:

    (fortunati) efferuntur fere fastidio et contumacia,

    Cic. Lael. 15, 54:

    se efferre in potestate,

    to be insolent in office, id. de Or. 2, 84, 342.—Esp. freq. in the part. perf.:

    stulta ac barbara arrogantia elati,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 59, 3:

    recenti victoria,

    id. B. G. 5, 47, 4:

    spe celeris victoriae,

    id. ib. 7, 47, 3:

    gloria,

    id. B. C. 3, 79, 6:

    elatus et inflatus his rebus,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:

    secunda fortuna magnisque opibus,

    Nep. Alcib. 7, 3; id. Milt. 7, 2:

    elatus ad vanam fiduciam,

    Curt. 3, 19, 10;

    but also: ad justam fiduciam,

    Liv. 27, 8, 7 et saep.—In the act. (rare, and with a fig. perh. borrowed from the wind): is demum vir erit, cujus animum nec prospera (fortuna) flatu suo efferet ( elates, inflates), nec adversa infringet, Liv. 45, 8 fin.
    D.
    Ante-class. and very rare, to carry out to the end, to support, endure: laborem, Att. ap. Cic. Sest. 48; cf.: malum patiendo, to get rid of, do away with, Cic. Poët. Tusc. 4, 29, 63 (but not in Lucr. 1, 141, where the better reading is sufferre).—Hence, ēlā-tus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B. 3. and II. C. 2.), exalted, lofty, high (rare; cf.: superbus, insolens, arrogans, etc.).
    A.
    Lit.:

    modo in elatiora modo in depressiora clivi,

    Col. 2, 4, 10:

    elatissimae lucernae,

    Tert. Apol. 53.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    animus magnus elatusque,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 96:

    verba,

    high-sounding, id. Or. 36, 124;

    hoc casu elatior Julianus,

    Amm. 21, 4, 7; Vulg. Rom. 1, 30:

    insula opibus,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 2. — Adv.: ēlāte, loftily, proudly:

    elate et ample loqui, opp. humiliter demisseque sentire,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 9:

    dicere (opp. summisse),

    id. Opt. Gen. 4, 10.— Comp.:

    se gerere,

    Nep. Paus. 2, 3:

    elatius et arrogantius praefatur,

    Gell. 9, 15, 4.
    2.
    ef-fĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [ex-ferus], to make wild, savage, fierce (class.; most freq. since the Aug. per.).
    I.
    Physically:

    terram immanitate beluarum efferari,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 99:

    speciem oris,

    Liv. 2, 23; cf.

    vultum,

    Suet. Calig. 50:

    efferantia sese ulcera,

    becoming aggravated, malignant, Plin. 26, 14, 87, § 146.— Poet.:

    Mars efferat aurum,

    i. e. works up into weapons, Stat. Achill. 1, 425; cf.:

    homo qui magnae artis subtilitate tantum efferavit argentum,

    i. e. wrought into the figures of beasts, App. M. 5, p. 159, 14.—
    II.
    Mentally:

    gentes sic immanitate efferatae,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 23; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 14, 32:

    militem dux ipse efferavit,

    Liv. 23, 5; cf. id. 2, 29:

    animos,

    id. 1, 19; 25, 26:

    ingenia,

    Curt. 8, 2; 9, 19:

    efferavit ea caedes Thebanos omnes ad exsecrabile odium Romanorum,

    exasperated, Liv. 33, 29; cf. Vulg. Dan. 8, 7.—Hence, effĕrātus, a, um, P. a., wild, savage, fierce:

    sunt enim multa ecferata et immania, quaedam autem humanitatis quoque habent primam speciem,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 14, 32:

    vultus,

    Petr. 82, 1:

    animi,

    Vulg. 2 Macc. 5, 11.— Comp.:

    mores ritusque,

    Liv. 34, 24.— Sup.:

    effectus,

    Sen. Ep. 121, 4:

    canes in homines,

    Jul. Val. Rer. Gest. Alex. M. 3, 18.— Adv.: effĕrāte, fiercely:

    saevire,

    Lact. 5, 20, 10.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > effero

  • 16 meliores

    bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.
    I.
    Attributively.
    A.
    As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.
    1.
    Vir bonus.
    (α).
    A man morally good (kalos kagathos):

    quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

    omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:

    ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,

    id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

    sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,

    id. Off. 3, 15, 64:

    qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,

    id. Lael. 5, 19:

    non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,

    id. Att. 7, 2, 4:

    ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:

    nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,

    id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—
    (β).
    An honest man:

    justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;

    3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,

    id. ib. 3, 19, 77:

    quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,

    id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—
    (γ).
    A man of good standing in the community:

    id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,

    Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:

    tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,

    Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;

    37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:

    vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:

    praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,

    Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—
    (δ).
    Ironically of bad men:

    sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:

    expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,

    Cic. Cael. 26, 63:

    nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,

    id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;

    so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:

    quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—
    (ε).
    Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):

    bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?

    Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—
    (ζ).
    As a conventional courtesy:

    homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:

    bone accusator,

    id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:

    sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,

    gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—
    2.
    Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:

    in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—
    3.
    With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:

    bonus consul,

    Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):

    boni tribuni plebis,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:

    bonus senator,

    id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:

    senator bonus,

    id. Dom. 4, 8:

    bonus judex,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:

    bonus augur (ironically),

    id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:

    bonus vates,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:

    bonus imperator,

    Sall. C. 60, 4:

    bonus dux,

    Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:

    naturam, optimam ducem,

    the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):

    bonus miles,

    Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:

    bonus orator,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

    optimus orator,

    id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:

    poeta bonus,

    id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

    scriptor bonus,

    Quint. 10, 1, 104:

    bonus advocatus,

    id. 5, 13, 10:

    bonus defensor,

    id. 5, 13, 3:

    bonus altercator,

    a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:

    bonus praeceptor,

    id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:

    bonus gubernator,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

    optimus opifex,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:

    sutor bonus,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 125:

    actor optimus,

    Cic. Sest. 57, 122:

    cantor optimus est modulator,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:

    melior gladiator,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

    bonus paterfamilias,

    a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

    bonus servus,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:

    dominus bonus,

    Cato, R. R. 14:

    bonus custos,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:

    filius bonus,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:

    patres,

    Quint. 11, 3, 178:

    parens,

    id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:

    uxor melior,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

    amicus,

    id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:

    amicus optimus,

    Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:

    optimus testis,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:

    auctor, in two senses,

    good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;

    and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),

    Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:

    bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,

    id. ib. 2, 23, 83:

    eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:

    optimus et fortissimus civis,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—
    4.
    Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:

    fata... bonique divi,

    Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:

    divis orte bonis,

    id. ib. 4, 5, 1:

    O bone deus!

    Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—
    (β).
    Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:

    (Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:

    Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 3, 36, 87:

    in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,

    id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:

    nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,

    id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—
    (γ).
    Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:

    di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!

    Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:

    di boni, boni quid porto!

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:

    di boni, quid hoc morbi est,

    id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:

    alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!

    Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—
    (δ).
    Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—
    5.
    Optimus as a laudatory epithet.
    (α).
    Vir optimus:

    per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,

    Cic. Sest. 1, 2:

    virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,

    id. ib. 35, 76:

    fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,

    id. ib.:

    consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,

    id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—
    (β).
    Femina bona, optima:

    tua conjunx bona femina,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

    hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,

    id. ib. —
    (γ).
    Senex, pater, frater, etc.:

    optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,

    Cic. Planc. 41, 97:

    insuevit pater optimus hoc me,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:

    C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—
    (δ).
    With proper names ( poet.):

    optimus Vergilius,

    Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:

    Maecenas optimus,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 27:

    optime Quinti,

    id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—
    (ε).
    Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:

    quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?

    Plin. Pan. 2, 7:

    gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!

    Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:

    ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:

    bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,

    Ov. F. 2, 637:

    optime Romulae Custos gentis,

    Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—
    6.
    Bonus and Bona, names of deities.
    (α).
    Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):

    Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,

    Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.

    in mal. part.,

    Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—
    (β).
    Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—
    (γ).
    Bona Fortuna:

    si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:

    Bonae Fortunae (signum),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:

    FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,

    Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —
    (δ).
    Bona Spes:

    Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,

    Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:

    BONAE SPEI,

    Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—
    (ε).
    BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:

    Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,

    Prop. 3, 24, 19.
    B.
    With nouns denoting things.
    1.
    Things concrete, denoting excellence:

    navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,

    Sen. Ep. 76, 13:

    gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,

    id. ib. 76, 14:

    id vinum erit lene et bono colore,

    Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:

    tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,

    Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:

    per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,

    id. ib. 73; cf.:

    bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:

    praedium bonum caelum habeat,

    good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:

    bona tempestate,

    in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:

    (praedium) solo bono valeat,

    by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:

    bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:

    villam bonam,

    Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

    bonus pons,

    Cat. 17, 5:

    scyphi optimi (= optime facti),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:

    perbona toreumata,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §

    38: bona domicilia,

    comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

    agrum Meliorem nemo habet,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:

    fundum meliorem,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:

    equus melior,

    id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

    bona cena,

    Cat. 13, 3:

    boni nummi,

    good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:

    super omnia vultus accessere boni,

    good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:

    mulier bona forma,

    of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:

    equus formae melioris,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:

    tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,

    fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:

    fruges bonae,

    Cat. 34, 19:

    ova suci melioris,

    of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:

    animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:

    bonum omen, 2. e.),

    Quint. 6, 3, 69:

    scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,

    good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,

    bona firmaque vox,

    Quint. 11, 3, 13.—
    2.
    Things abstract.
    a.
    Of physical well-being:

    ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:

    non bonus somnus de prandio est,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

    bona aetas,

    prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:

    optima aetate,

    id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:

    bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,

    Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—
    b.
    Of the mind and soul:

    meliore esse sensu,

    Cic. Sest. 21, 47:

    optima indoles,

    id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

    bona conscientia,

    Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:

    bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,

    with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:

    mens melior,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:

    duos optimae indolis filios,

    Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:

    bonum consilium,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    bona voluntas,

    a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:

    memoria bona,

    Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

    bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

    bonae rationes,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:

    pronuntiatio bona,

    Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—
    c.
    Of moral relations:

    ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;

    v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,

    Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:

    fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,

    of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:

    bona studia,

    moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:

    quidquid vita meliore parasti,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:

    Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,

    Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—
    d.
    Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:

    bono usui estis nulli,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:

    Optumo optume optumam operam das,

    id. Am. 1, 1, 122:

    bonam dedistis mihi operam,

    a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;

    v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    bonum otium,

    valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:

    bonis versibus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

    versus meliores,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:

    meliora poemata,

    Hor. A. P. 303:

    in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,

    Cic. Or. 8, 26:

    optimas fabulas,

    id. Off. 1, 31, 114:

    melius munus,

    id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—
    e.
    Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:

    de Procilio rumores non boni,

    unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:

    bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,

    about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:

    si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,

    id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.

    fortuna optima esse,

    to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:

    occasio tam bona,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:

    senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,

    Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:

    bona navigatio,

    id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;

    esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:

    ego sum spe bona,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:

    optima spe,

    id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;

    v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,

    more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:

    melior interpretatio,

    Tac. H. 3, 65:

    cum laude et bonis recordationibus,

    id. A. 4, 38:

    amnis Doctus iter melius,

    i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:

    omen bonum,

    a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.

    Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,

    Ov. F. 1, 221;

    optimum,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:

    bona scaeva,

    Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:

    auspicio optumo,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:

    memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—
    f.
    Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:

    optima res publica,

    id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

    minus bonis temporibus,

    id. Dom. 4, 8; so,

    optimis temporibus,

    id. Sest. 3, 6:

    nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:

    lex optima,

    id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—
    g.
    Good = large, considerable:

    bono atque amplo lucro,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 6:

    bona librorum copia,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:

    bona copia cornu,

    Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—
    h.
    Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:

    si bono genere natus sit,

    Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—
    k.
    Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.
    (α).
    Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:

    primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:

    bona tua venia dixerim,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:

    oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 7, 41, 3:

    obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,

    id. 6, 40, 10:

    cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,

    id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.

    . sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—
    (β).
    Bona pax, without quarrelling:

    bona pax sit potius,

    let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;

    so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,

    without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—
    (γ).
    Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:

    igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,

    Sall. J. 5, 5.—
    (δ).
    Bona societas, alliance:

    Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,

    Tac. A. 1, 58.
    C.
    In particular phrases.
    1.
    Bonae res.
    a.
    = Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:

    concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:

    optimis rebus usus est,

    he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—
    b.
    = Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:

    bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:

    in bonis rebus,

    Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —
    c.
    Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:

    homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,

    who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —
    d.
    Costly things, articles of luxury:

    capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:

    nimium rei bonae,

    id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:

    ignorantia bonarum rerum,

    Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:

    re bona copiosum esse,

    Gell. 16, 19, 7.—
    e.
    Moral, morally good:

    illi cum res non bonas tractent,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:

    ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 15:

    quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?

    id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:

    quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,

    id. Sen. 18, 65.—
    f.
    In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:

    res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:

    studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,

    Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—
    2.
    Bonae artes.
    (α).
    A good, laudable way of dealing:

    qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,

    Sall. C. 2, 9:

    huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,

    id. ib. 11, 2:

    quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,

    Tac. A. 6, 46.—
    (β).
    Liberal arts and sciences:

    litteris aut ulli bonae arti,

    Quint. 12, 1, 7:

    conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,

    Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:

    optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—
    3.
    Bona fides, or fides bona.
    a.
    Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:

    dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:

    si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—
    b.
    Jurid. t. t.
    (α).
    Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:

    ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,

    Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;

    41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,

    ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,
    (β).
    Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:

    actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,

    Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:

    quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,

    Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:

    iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,

    id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—
    4.
    Bona verba.
    (α).
    Kind words:

    Bona verba quaeso,

    Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—
    (β).
    Words of good omen (v. omen):

    dicamus bona verba,

    Tib. 2, 2, 1:

    dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,

    Ov. F. 2, 638.—
    (γ).
    Elegant or well-chosen expressions:

    quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,

    Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:

    verborum bonorum cursu,

    id. Brut. 66, 233:

    omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,

    Quint. 10, 1, 9.—
    (δ).
    Moral sayings:

    non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —
    5.
    Bona dicta.
    (α).
    Polite, courteous language:

    hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—
    (β).
    Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:

    dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:

    ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,

    id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—
    6.
    Bona facta.
    (α).
    = bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:

    nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),

    Tac. A. 3, 40.—
    (β).
    Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):

    bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:

    haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,

    id. ib. 45.— Hence,
    (γ).
    Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:

    peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,

    Suet. Caes. 80:

    et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,

    id. Vit. 14:

    hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,

    Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:

    o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,

    Tert. Pud. 1.—
    7.
    Bona gratia.
    (α).
    A friendly understanding:

    cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,

    per gratiam bonam abire,

    to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—
    (β).
    Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—
    8.
    Bona pars.
    (α).
    The well-disposed part of a body of persons:

    ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,

    Liv. 21, 4, 1:

    pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,

    id. 7, 21, 6.—
    (β).
    The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):

    civem bonarum partium,

    Cic. Sest. 32, 77:

    (fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,

    id. Cael. 6, 13:

    qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,

    Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—
    (γ).
    Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):

    bonam partem ad te adtulit,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:

    bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,

    Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:

    bonam magnamque partem exercitus,

    Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:

    bona pars noctium,

    Quint. 12, 11, 19:

    bona pars hominum,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:

    meae vocis... bona pars,

    id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:

    melior pars diei,

    Verg. A. 9, 156.—
    (δ).
    Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:

    nostri melior pars animus est,

    Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:

    quae pars optima est in homine,

    best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:

    major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,

    Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:

    Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,

    Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—
    (ε).
    Adverb.:

    bonam partem = ex magna parte,

    Lucr. 6, 1249.—
    (ζ).
    Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:

    Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,

    id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:

    quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,

    id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—
    9.
    Dies bonus or bona.
    (α).
    A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):

    tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,

    Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:

    nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,

    Ov. F. 1, 72.—
    (β).
    A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—
    10.
    Bonus mos.
    (α).
    Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:

    nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

    nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:

    domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,

    Sall. C. 9, 1:

    propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

    cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,

    Liv. 34, 6, 9:

    mores meliores,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—
    (β).
    Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:

    ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:

    neglegentia boni moris,

    Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:

    conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,

    in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —
    11.
    Adverbial phrases.
    a.
    Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.
    (α).
    To be of good cheer or courage:

    bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,

    Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:

    animo bono es,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:

    bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 26:

    bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:

    bono animo esse jubere eam consul,

    Liv. 39, 13, 7:

    habe modo bonum animum,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:

    habe animum bonum,

    id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:

    bonum animum habe,

    Liv. 45, 8, 5:

    clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,

    id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—
    (β).
    Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:

    audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:

    bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:

    quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—
    (γ).
    Bonus animus, good temper, patience:

    bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:

    vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,

    Ov. M. 9, 433.—
    b.
    Bono modo.
    (α).
    = placide, with composure, moderation:

    si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,

    Cato, R. R. 5:

    haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—
    (β).
    In a decent manner:

    neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —
    c.
    Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:

    te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:

    ut jure optimo me deserere posses,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:

    ne jure optimo irrideamur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;

    similarly, optimo judicio,

    Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.
    II.
    As subst.
    A.
    bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.
    1.
    In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.
    (α).
    Plur.:

    bonis quod bene fit haud perit,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:

    melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,

    Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

    verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,

    id. Lael. 14, 50:

    diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,

    Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:

    oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:

    tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:

    quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—
    (β).
    Sing.:

    malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:

    nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:

    qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—
    2.
    Bonus, a man of honor.
    (α).
    A brave man:

    pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:

    libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,

    Sall. C. 33, 5:

    fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):

    fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,

    Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —
    (β).
    A gentleman:

    quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—
    3.
    Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.
    (α).
    In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;

    so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,

    Cic. Sest. 16, 38:

    audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 47, 100:

    ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,

    id. Pis. 2, 4:

    etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,

    id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:

    maledictis increpat omnes bonos,

    Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,

    optimi,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:

    bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,

    id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—
    (β).
    Without reference to political views;

    opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:

    semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,

    Sall. C. 37, 3:

    elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,

    Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:

    ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:

    da locum melioribus,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—
    4.
    Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—
    5.
    Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.
    (α).
    Referring to morality:

    esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,

    every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

    qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,

    id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:

    quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?

    Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—
    (β).
    Of the educated classes:

    adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:

    Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,

    Sall. C. 34, 2:

    optimo cuique infesta libertas,

    Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—
    (γ).
    Honorable, brave:

    optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri,

    Sall. J. 92, 8.—
    (δ).
    In gen., excellent:

    optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,

    Sall. C. 8, 5.—
    (ε).
    Distributively:

    ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,

    to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—
    (ζ).
    Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):

    hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—
    (η).
    Attributively, with a noun:

    optimam quamque causam,

    Cic. Sest. 43, 93:

    optima quaeque dies,

    Verg. G. 3, 66.
    2.
    bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.
    1.
    Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;

    nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:

    quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,

    id. Par. 1, 1, 9:

    ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,

    id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

    non-est igitur voluptas bonum,

    id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:

    sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—
    2.
    Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:

    quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:

    multa bona vobis volt facere,

    will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:

    tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,

    id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:

    multa tibi di dent bona,

    id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:

    omnia Bona dicere,

    to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:

    sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

    cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,

    id. ib. 5, 41, 120:

    nihil enim boni nosti,

    nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:

    mala pro bonis legere dementia est,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:

    quia bonum sit valere,

    a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):

    melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,

    id. Lael. 6, 20:

    meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,

    id. Or. 1, 10, 43:

    optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,

    id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;

    v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,

    to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:

    ad melius transcurrere,

    to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—
    3.
    Bonum or bona, prosperity:

    fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:

    nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,

    id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:

    unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:

    quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),

    Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—
    4.
    Good qualities, gifts:

    omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:

    magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:

    nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,

    id. Cael. 5, 11:

    hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,

    id. ib. 17, 39:

    non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,

    id. Balb. 28, 63:

    gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,

    id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—
    5.
    Advantage, benefit:

    si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,

    Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:

    saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,

    id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:

    maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,

    Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:

    hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—
    6.
    With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:

    si bonum aequomque oras,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:

    si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:

    a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:

    istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,

    I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—
    7.
    Bona, one ' s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one's possessions.
    a.
    In gen.:

    paterna oportet reddi filio bona,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:

    bona sua med habiturum omnia,

    id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:

    bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,

    Cic. Sest. 24, 54:

    cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,

    id. ib. 30, 65:

    bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,

    id. Caecin. 13, 38:

    at mulctantur bonis exsules,

    id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—
    b.
    Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.
    (α).
    Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—
    (β).
    Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:

    postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:

    edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,

    Liv. 2, 24, 6:

    bona proscribere,

    to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—
    (γ).
    Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—
    c.
    In bonis esse;

    with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),

    Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:

    neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,

    ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.
    III.
    Predicative use.
    A.
    With nouns or pronouns as subjects.
    1.
    Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:

    nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:

    bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,

    id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:

    itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:

    Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,

    Sall. C. 54, 5:

    ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,

    Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin.
    2.
    To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:

    jam istuc non bonumst,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:

    oleum viridius et melius fiet,

    id. ib. 3:

    vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,

    to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:

    quid est homini salute melius?

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:

    non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,

    id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:

    quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?

    Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

    in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,

    id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:

    meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,

    Liv. 2, 51, 3:

    parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,

    Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:

    si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:

    quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,

    Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;

    3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;

    and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—
    3.
    To be kind:

    bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,

    Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:

    hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—
    4.
    With reference to the gods:

    ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:

    Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),

    Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—
    B.
    Impers.
    1.
    Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).
    (α).
    Without a subject:

    bonum sit!

    may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.—
    (β).
    With subject inf.:

    nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:

    bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,

    id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—
    2.
    Melius est.
    (α).
    With subject inf.:

    melius sanam est mentem sumere,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:

    nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,

    melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,

    it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:

    proinde quiesse erit melius,

    Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—
    (β).
    With subject inf.-clause:

    meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—
    (γ).
    With ut-clause:

    quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—
    (δ).
    With subjectclause in the subjunctive:

    nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—
    3.
    Optimum est.
    (α).
    With subject inf.:

    optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,

    Liv. 23, 34, 8:

    si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,

    Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—
    (β).
    With inf.-clause:

    constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—
    (γ).
    With ut and subj:

    hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—
    (δ).
    With quod:

    illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:

    optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,

    id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—
    (ε).
    With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):

    sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:

    optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 30:

    optumum factu credens exercitum augere,

    Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).
    IV.
    Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:

    di melius duint,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:

    di meliora velint!

    Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:

    di meliora! inquit,

    Cic. Sen. 14, 47:

    id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,

    Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;

    similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,

    Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.
    V.
    With object expressed,
    1.
    By dat.
    (α).
    = good, useful, beneficial for:

    ambula, id lieni optumum est,

    Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:

    quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,

    Sall. C. 20, 3:

    bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,

    Verg. G. 2, 447.—
    (β).
    = benignus or propitius, kind to:

    vicinis bonus esto,

    Cato, R. R. 4:

    bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,

    Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:

    vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,

    Verg. A. 12, 647.—
    (γ).
    = idoneus, fit for, adapted to:

    qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,

    Cato, R. R. 6:

    tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,

    id. ib. 26:

    terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,

    Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—
    (δ).
    With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:

    accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:

    bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,

    Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:

    quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:

    cui bono fuisset,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.

    ellipt. form cui bono?

    Prisc. p. 1208 P.—
    (ε).
    With dat. gerund:

    ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,

    Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:

    (mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,

    Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—
    2.
    By ad and acc.:

    refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 91:

    occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,

    Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:

    non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,

    Tac. A. 2, 14.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > meliores

  • 17 optimum

    bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.
    I.
    Attributively.
    A.
    As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.
    1.
    Vir bonus.
    (α).
    A man morally good (kalos kagathos):

    quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

    omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:

    ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,

    id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

    sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,

    id. Off. 3, 15, 64:

    qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,

    id. Lael. 5, 19:

    non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,

    id. Att. 7, 2, 4:

    ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:

    nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,

    id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—
    (β).
    An honest man:

    justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;

    3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,

    id. ib. 3, 19, 77:

    quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,

    id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—
    (γ).
    A man of good standing in the community:

    id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,

    Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:

    tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,

    Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;

    37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:

    vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:

    praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,

    Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—
    (δ).
    Ironically of bad men:

    sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:

    expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,

    Cic. Cael. 26, 63:

    nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,

    id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;

    so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:

    quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—
    (ε).
    Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):

    bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?

    Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—
    (ζ).
    As a conventional courtesy:

    homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:

    bone accusator,

    id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:

    sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,

    gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—
    2.
    Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:

    in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—
    3.
    With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:

    bonus consul,

    Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):

    boni tribuni plebis,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:

    bonus senator,

    id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:

    senator bonus,

    id. Dom. 4, 8:

    bonus judex,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:

    bonus augur (ironically),

    id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:

    bonus vates,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:

    bonus imperator,

    Sall. C. 60, 4:

    bonus dux,

    Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:

    naturam, optimam ducem,

    the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):

    bonus miles,

    Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:

    bonus orator,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

    optimus orator,

    id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:

    poeta bonus,

    id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

    scriptor bonus,

    Quint. 10, 1, 104:

    bonus advocatus,

    id. 5, 13, 10:

    bonus defensor,

    id. 5, 13, 3:

    bonus altercator,

    a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:

    bonus praeceptor,

    id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:

    bonus gubernator,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

    optimus opifex,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:

    sutor bonus,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 125:

    actor optimus,

    Cic. Sest. 57, 122:

    cantor optimus est modulator,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:

    melior gladiator,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

    bonus paterfamilias,

    a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

    bonus servus,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:

    dominus bonus,

    Cato, R. R. 14:

    bonus custos,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:

    filius bonus,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:

    patres,

    Quint. 11, 3, 178:

    parens,

    id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:

    uxor melior,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

    amicus,

    id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:

    amicus optimus,

    Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:

    optimus testis,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:

    auctor, in two senses,

    good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;

    and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),

    Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:

    bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,

    id. ib. 2, 23, 83:

    eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:

    optimus et fortissimus civis,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—
    4.
    Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:

    fata... bonique divi,

    Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:

    divis orte bonis,

    id. ib. 4, 5, 1:

    O bone deus!

    Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—
    (β).
    Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:

    (Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:

    Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 3, 36, 87:

    in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,

    id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:

    nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,

    id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—
    (γ).
    Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:

    di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!

    Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:

    di boni, boni quid porto!

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:

    di boni, quid hoc morbi est,

    id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:

    alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!

    Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—
    (δ).
    Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—
    5.
    Optimus as a laudatory epithet.
    (α).
    Vir optimus:

    per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,

    Cic. Sest. 1, 2:

    virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,

    id. ib. 35, 76:

    fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,

    id. ib.:

    consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,

    id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—
    (β).
    Femina bona, optima:

    tua conjunx bona femina,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

    hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,

    id. ib. —
    (γ).
    Senex, pater, frater, etc.:

    optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,

    Cic. Planc. 41, 97:

    insuevit pater optimus hoc me,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:

    C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—
    (δ).
    With proper names ( poet.):

    optimus Vergilius,

    Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:

    Maecenas optimus,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 27:

    optime Quinti,

    id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—
    (ε).
    Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:

    quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?

    Plin. Pan. 2, 7:

    gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!

    Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:

    ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:

    bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,

    Ov. F. 2, 637:

    optime Romulae Custos gentis,

    Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—
    6.
    Bonus and Bona, names of deities.
    (α).
    Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):

    Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,

    Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.

    in mal. part.,

    Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—
    (β).
    Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—
    (γ).
    Bona Fortuna:

    si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:

    Bonae Fortunae (signum),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:

    FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,

    Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —
    (δ).
    Bona Spes:

    Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,

    Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:

    BONAE SPEI,

    Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—
    (ε).
    BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:

    Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,

    Prop. 3, 24, 19.
    B.
    With nouns denoting things.
    1.
    Things concrete, denoting excellence:

    navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,

    Sen. Ep. 76, 13:

    gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,

    id. ib. 76, 14:

    id vinum erit lene et bono colore,

    Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:

    tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,

    Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:

    per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,

    id. ib. 73; cf.:

    bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:

    praedium bonum caelum habeat,

    good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:

    bona tempestate,

    in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:

    (praedium) solo bono valeat,

    by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:

    bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:

    villam bonam,

    Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

    bonus pons,

    Cat. 17, 5:

    scyphi optimi (= optime facti),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:

    perbona toreumata,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §

    38: bona domicilia,

    comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

    agrum Meliorem nemo habet,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:

    fundum meliorem,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:

    equus melior,

    id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

    bona cena,

    Cat. 13, 3:

    boni nummi,

    good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:

    super omnia vultus accessere boni,

    good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:

    mulier bona forma,

    of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:

    equus formae melioris,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:

    tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,

    fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:

    fruges bonae,

    Cat. 34, 19:

    ova suci melioris,

    of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:

    animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:

    bonum omen, 2. e.),

    Quint. 6, 3, 69:

    scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,

    good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,

    bona firmaque vox,

    Quint. 11, 3, 13.—
    2.
    Things abstract.
    a.
    Of physical well-being:

    ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:

    non bonus somnus de prandio est,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

    bona aetas,

    prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:

    optima aetate,

    id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:

    bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,

    Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—
    b.
    Of the mind and soul:

    meliore esse sensu,

    Cic. Sest. 21, 47:

    optima indoles,

    id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

    bona conscientia,

    Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:

    bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,

    with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:

    mens melior,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:

    duos optimae indolis filios,

    Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:

    bonum consilium,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    bona voluntas,

    a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:

    memoria bona,

    Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

    bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

    bonae rationes,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:

    pronuntiatio bona,

    Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—
    c.
    Of moral relations:

    ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;

    v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,

    Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:

    fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,

    of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:

    bona studia,

    moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:

    quidquid vita meliore parasti,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:

    Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,

    Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—
    d.
    Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:

    bono usui estis nulli,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:

    Optumo optume optumam operam das,

    id. Am. 1, 1, 122:

    bonam dedistis mihi operam,

    a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;

    v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    bonum otium,

    valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:

    bonis versibus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

    versus meliores,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:

    meliora poemata,

    Hor. A. P. 303:

    in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,

    Cic. Or. 8, 26:

    optimas fabulas,

    id. Off. 1, 31, 114:

    melius munus,

    id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—
    e.
    Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:

    de Procilio rumores non boni,

    unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:

    bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,

    about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:

    si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,

    id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.

    fortuna optima esse,

    to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:

    occasio tam bona,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:

    senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,

    Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:

    bona navigatio,

    id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;

    esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:

    ego sum spe bona,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:

    optima spe,

    id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;

    v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,

    more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:

    melior interpretatio,

    Tac. H. 3, 65:

    cum laude et bonis recordationibus,

    id. A. 4, 38:

    amnis Doctus iter melius,

    i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:

    omen bonum,

    a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.

    Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,

    Ov. F. 1, 221;

    optimum,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:

    bona scaeva,

    Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:

    auspicio optumo,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:

    memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—
    f.
    Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:

    optima res publica,

    id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

    minus bonis temporibus,

    id. Dom. 4, 8; so,

    optimis temporibus,

    id. Sest. 3, 6:

    nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:

    lex optima,

    id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—
    g.
    Good = large, considerable:

    bono atque amplo lucro,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 6:

    bona librorum copia,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:

    bona copia cornu,

    Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—
    h.
    Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:

    si bono genere natus sit,

    Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—
    k.
    Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.
    (α).
    Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:

    primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:

    bona tua venia dixerim,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:

    oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 7, 41, 3:

    obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,

    id. 6, 40, 10:

    cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,

    id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.

    . sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—
    (β).
    Bona pax, without quarrelling:

    bona pax sit potius,

    let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;

    so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,

    without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—
    (γ).
    Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:

    igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,

    Sall. J. 5, 5.—
    (δ).
    Bona societas, alliance:

    Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,

    Tac. A. 1, 58.
    C.
    In particular phrases.
    1.
    Bonae res.
    a.
    = Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:

    concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:

    optimis rebus usus est,

    he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—
    b.
    = Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:

    bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:

    in bonis rebus,

    Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —
    c.
    Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:

    homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,

    who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —
    d.
    Costly things, articles of luxury:

    capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:

    nimium rei bonae,

    id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:

    ignorantia bonarum rerum,

    Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:

    re bona copiosum esse,

    Gell. 16, 19, 7.—
    e.
    Moral, morally good:

    illi cum res non bonas tractent,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:

    ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 15:

    quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?

    id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:

    quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,

    id. Sen. 18, 65.—
    f.
    In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:

    res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:

    studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,

    Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—
    2.
    Bonae artes.
    (α).
    A good, laudable way of dealing:

    qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,

    Sall. C. 2, 9:

    huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,

    id. ib. 11, 2:

    quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,

    Tac. A. 6, 46.—
    (β).
    Liberal arts and sciences:

    litteris aut ulli bonae arti,

    Quint. 12, 1, 7:

    conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,

    Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:

    optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—
    3.
    Bona fides, or fides bona.
    a.
    Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:

    dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:

    si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—
    b.
    Jurid. t. t.
    (α).
    Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:

    ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,

    Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;

    41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,

    ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,
    (β).
    Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:

    actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,

    Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:

    quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,

    Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:

    iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,

    id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—
    4.
    Bona verba.
    (α).
    Kind words:

    Bona verba quaeso,

    Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—
    (β).
    Words of good omen (v. omen):

    dicamus bona verba,

    Tib. 2, 2, 1:

    dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,

    Ov. F. 2, 638.—
    (γ).
    Elegant or well-chosen expressions:

    quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,

    Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:

    verborum bonorum cursu,

    id. Brut. 66, 233:

    omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,

    Quint. 10, 1, 9.—
    (δ).
    Moral sayings:

    non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —
    5.
    Bona dicta.
    (α).
    Polite, courteous language:

    hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—
    (β).
    Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:

    dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:

    ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,

    id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—
    6.
    Bona facta.
    (α).
    = bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:

    nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),

    Tac. A. 3, 40.—
    (β).
    Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):

    bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:

    haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,

    id. ib. 45.— Hence,
    (γ).
    Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:

    peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,

    Suet. Caes. 80:

    et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,

    id. Vit. 14:

    hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,

    Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:

    o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,

    Tert. Pud. 1.—
    7.
    Bona gratia.
    (α).
    A friendly understanding:

    cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,

    per gratiam bonam abire,

    to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—
    (β).
    Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—
    8.
    Bona pars.
    (α).
    The well-disposed part of a body of persons:

    ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,

    Liv. 21, 4, 1:

    pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,

    id. 7, 21, 6.—
    (β).
    The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):

    civem bonarum partium,

    Cic. Sest. 32, 77:

    (fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,

    id. Cael. 6, 13:

    qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,

    Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—
    (γ).
    Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):

    bonam partem ad te adtulit,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:

    bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,

    Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:

    bonam magnamque partem exercitus,

    Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:

    bona pars noctium,

    Quint. 12, 11, 19:

    bona pars hominum,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:

    meae vocis... bona pars,

    id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:

    melior pars diei,

    Verg. A. 9, 156.—
    (δ).
    Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:

    nostri melior pars animus est,

    Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:

    quae pars optima est in homine,

    best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:

    major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,

    Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:

    Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,

    Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—
    (ε).
    Adverb.:

    bonam partem = ex magna parte,

    Lucr. 6, 1249.—
    (ζ).
    Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:

    Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,

    id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:

    quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,

    id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—
    9.
    Dies bonus or bona.
    (α).
    A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):

    tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,

    Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:

    nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,

    Ov. F. 1, 72.—
    (β).
    A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—
    10.
    Bonus mos.
    (α).
    Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:

    nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

    nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:

    domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,

    Sall. C. 9, 1:

    propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

    cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,

    Liv. 34, 6, 9:

    mores meliores,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—
    (β).
    Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:

    ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:

    neglegentia boni moris,

    Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:

    conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,

    in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —
    11.
    Adverbial phrases.
    a.
    Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.
    (α).
    To be of good cheer or courage:

    bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,

    Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:

    animo bono es,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:

    bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 26:

    bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:

    bono animo esse jubere eam consul,

    Liv. 39, 13, 7:

    habe modo bonum animum,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:

    habe animum bonum,

    id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:

    bonum animum habe,

    Liv. 45, 8, 5:

    clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,

    id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—
    (β).
    Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:

    audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:

    bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:

    quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—
    (γ).
    Bonus animus, good temper, patience:

    bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:

    vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,

    Ov. M. 9, 433.—
    b.
    Bono modo.
    (α).
    = placide, with composure, moderation:

    si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,

    Cato, R. R. 5:

    haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—
    (β).
    In a decent manner:

    neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —
    c.
    Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:

    te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:

    ut jure optimo me deserere posses,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:

    ne jure optimo irrideamur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;

    similarly, optimo judicio,

    Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.
    II.
    As subst.
    A.
    bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.
    1.
    In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.
    (α).
    Plur.:

    bonis quod bene fit haud perit,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:

    melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,

    Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

    verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,

    id. Lael. 14, 50:

    diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,

    Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:

    oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:

    tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:

    quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—
    (β).
    Sing.:

    malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:

    nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:

    qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—
    2.
    Bonus, a man of honor.
    (α).
    A brave man:

    pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:

    libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,

    Sall. C. 33, 5:

    fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):

    fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,

    Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —
    (β).
    A gentleman:

    quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—
    3.
    Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.
    (α).
    In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;

    so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,

    Cic. Sest. 16, 38:

    audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 47, 100:

    ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,

    id. Pis. 2, 4:

    etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,

    id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:

    maledictis increpat omnes bonos,

    Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,

    optimi,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:

    bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,

    id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—
    (β).
    Without reference to political views;

    opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:

    semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,

    Sall. C. 37, 3:

    elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,

    Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:

    ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:

    da locum melioribus,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—
    4.
    Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—
    5.
    Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.
    (α).
    Referring to morality:

    esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,

    every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

    qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,

    id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:

    quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?

    Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—
    (β).
    Of the educated classes:

    adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:

    Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,

    Sall. C. 34, 2:

    optimo cuique infesta libertas,

    Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—
    (γ).
    Honorable, brave:

    optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri,

    Sall. J. 92, 8.—
    (δ).
    In gen., excellent:

    optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,

    Sall. C. 8, 5.—
    (ε).
    Distributively:

    ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,

    to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—
    (ζ).
    Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):

    hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—
    (η).
    Attributively, with a noun:

    optimam quamque causam,

    Cic. Sest. 43, 93:

    optima quaeque dies,

    Verg. G. 3, 66.
    2.
    bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.
    1.
    Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;

    nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:

    quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,

    id. Par. 1, 1, 9:

    ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,

    id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

    non-est igitur voluptas bonum,

    id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:

    sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—
    2.
    Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:

    quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:

    multa bona vobis volt facere,

    will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:

    tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,

    id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:

    multa tibi di dent bona,

    id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:

    omnia Bona dicere,

    to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:

    sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

    cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,

    id. ib. 5, 41, 120:

    nihil enim boni nosti,

    nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:

    mala pro bonis legere dementia est,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:

    quia bonum sit valere,

    a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):

    melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,

    id. Lael. 6, 20:

    meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,

    id. Or. 1, 10, 43:

    optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,

    id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;

    v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,

    to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:

    ad melius transcurrere,

    to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—
    3.
    Bonum or bona, prosperity:

    fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:

    nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,

    id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:

    unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:

    quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),

    Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—
    4.
    Good qualities, gifts:

    omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:

    magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:

    nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,

    id. Cael. 5, 11:

    hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,

    id. ib. 17, 39:

    non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,

    id. Balb. 28, 63:

    gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,

    id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—
    5.
    Advantage, benefit:

    si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,

    Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:

    saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,

    id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:

    maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,

    Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:

    hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—
    6.
    With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:

    si bonum aequomque oras,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:

    si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:

    a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:

    istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,

    I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—
    7.
    Bona, one ' s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one's possessions.
    a.
    In gen.:

    paterna oportet reddi filio bona,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:

    bona sua med habiturum omnia,

    id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:

    bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,

    Cic. Sest. 24, 54:

    cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,

    id. ib. 30, 65:

    bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,

    id. Caecin. 13, 38:

    at mulctantur bonis exsules,

    id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—
    b.
    Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.
    (α).
    Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—
    (β).
    Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:

    postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:

    edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,

    Liv. 2, 24, 6:

    bona proscribere,

    to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—
    (γ).
    Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—
    c.
    In bonis esse;

    with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),

    Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:

    neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,

    ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.
    III.
    Predicative use.
    A.
    With nouns or pronouns as subjects.
    1.
    Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:

    nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:

    bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,

    id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:

    itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:

    Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,

    Sall. C. 54, 5:

    ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,

    Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin.
    2.
    To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:

    jam istuc non bonumst,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:

    oleum viridius et melius fiet,

    id. ib. 3:

    vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,

    to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:

    quid est homini salute melius?

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:

    non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,

    id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:

    quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?

    Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

    in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,

    id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:

    meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,

    Liv. 2, 51, 3:

    parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,

    Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:

    si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:

    quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,

    Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;

    3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;

    and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—
    3.
    To be kind:

    bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,

    Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:

    hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—
    4.
    With reference to the gods:

    ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:

    Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),

    Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—
    B.
    Impers.
    1.
    Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).
    (α).
    Without a subject:

    bonum sit!

    may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.—
    (β).
    With subject inf.:

    nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:

    bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,

    id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—
    2.
    Melius est.
    (α).
    With subject inf.:

    melius sanam est mentem sumere,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:

    nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,

    melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,

    it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:

    proinde quiesse erit melius,

    Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—
    (β).
    With subject inf.-clause:

    meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—
    (γ).
    With ut-clause:

    quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—
    (δ).
    With subjectclause in the subjunctive:

    nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—
    3.
    Optimum est.
    (α).
    With subject inf.:

    optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,

    Liv. 23, 34, 8:

    si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,

    Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—
    (β).
    With inf.-clause:

    constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—
    (γ).
    With ut and subj:

    hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—
    (δ).
    With quod:

    illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:

    optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,

    id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—
    (ε).
    With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):

    sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:

    optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 30:

    optumum factu credens exercitum augere,

    Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).
    IV.
    Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:

    di melius duint,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:

    di meliora velint!

    Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:

    di meliora! inquit,

    Cic. Sen. 14, 47:

    id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,

    Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;

    similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,

    Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.
    V.
    With object expressed,
    1.
    By dat.
    (α).
    = good, useful, beneficial for:

    ambula, id lieni optumum est,

    Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:

    quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,

    Sall. C. 20, 3:

    bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,

    Verg. G. 2, 447.—
    (β).
    = benignus or propitius, kind to:

    vicinis bonus esto,

    Cato, R. R. 4:

    bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,

    Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:

    vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,

    Verg. A. 12, 647.—
    (γ).
    = idoneus, fit for, adapted to:

    qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,

    Cato, R. R. 6:

    tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,

    id. ib. 26:

    terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,

    Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—
    (δ).
    With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:

    accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:

    bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,

    Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:

    quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:

    cui bono fuisset,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.

    ellipt. form cui bono?

    Prisc. p. 1208 P.—
    (ε).
    With dat. gerund:

    ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,

    Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:

    (mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,

    Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—
    2.
    By ad and acc.:

    refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 91:

    occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,

    Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:

    non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,

    Tac. A. 2, 14.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > optimum

  • 18 coactum

    cōgo, cŏēgi, cŏactum (COGVIT = cogit, Inscr Marin Fratr Arv. p. 170), 3, v. a. [contr. from co-ago], to drive together to one point, to collect, compress, crowd, bring, or urge together, to assemble, gather together (class. and very freq.; syn.: colligo, congrego)
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen. (constr. as a verb of motion with in and acc., or with adv. of direction):

    cogantur (oves) intro,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 15; Verg. E. 3, 98; cf.

    pecus,

    id. ib. 3, 20:

    oves stabulis,

    id. ib. 6, 85:

    nubes in unum locum,

    Lucr. 6, 274; cf. id. 6, 464; 6, 734:

    oleam,

    to collect, Cato, R. R. 64, 1; 65, 2; 144, 1.—So of the collecting together of fruits, also in Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3; Col. 11, 2, 70; 12, 3, 9:

    talenta ad quindecim Coëgi,

    received, collected, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 94 Ruhnk.; so Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 120; id. Att. 6, 2, 8; id. Rab. Post. 11, 30:

    Orgetorix ad judicium omnem suam familiam undique coëgit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4; cf.:

    multitudinem hominum ex agris, id. ib: concilium,

    id. ib. 7, 77; Verg. A. 11, 304:

    concilium Hypatam,

    Liv. 36, 26, 1:

    bucina cogebat priscos ad verba Quirites,

    Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—So of the collecting of troops ( = contrahere), Caes. B. C. 1, 15 fin.; cf. Sall. J. 95, 1:

    copias in unum locum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 6, 10 al.:

    exercitum in unum,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2:

    multitudinem in unum,

    Sall. J. 80, 2; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    in classem,

    Liv. 36, 3, 5:

    milites in provinciam,

    id. 43, 15, 7:

    exercitum Dyrrhachium,

    Sall. H. 1, 31 Gerl.:

    ad militiam aliquos,

    id. J. 85, 3:

    acies in proelia,

    Verg. A. 9, 463:

    auxilia undique,

    id. ib. 8, 7.—And of the calling together of a senate:

    quam cito senatum illo die coëgerim,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 3; Liv. 3, 39, 6 al.:

    dum senatus cogeretur,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 7:

    coguntur senatores non pignoribus, sed gratiā,

    id. Phil. 1, 5, 12; Liv. 1, 48, 3 al.; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—And of a single senator:

    cur in senatum hesterno die tam acerbe cogerer?

    Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 11 sq.:

    ex duabus syllabis in unam cogentes,

    contracting, combining, Quint. 1, 5, 23 Spald. and Zumpt:

    quod ex omnibus partibus cogitur,

    id. 5, 14, 9.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    Of liquids, to thicken, condense, curdle, coagulate:

    mella frigore (opp. calore remittere),

    Verg. G. 4, 36:

    lac in duritiam,

    Plin. 23, 7, 64, § 126; cf. Ov. M. 8, 666:

    fel sole,

    Plin. 29, 6, 37, § 116:

    liquorem in nivem,

    id. 2, 39, 39, § 105; 2, 42, 42, § 111.—Similarly:

    coacta alvus,

    hard fœces, Cels. 2, 8; 2, 3 al.; so,

    vestis coacta,

    fulled, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 192. —
    2.
    Of places, to draw together or contract into a narrow place: Italia coacta in angustias, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 400:

    saltus in arctas coactus fauces,

    Liv. 22, 15, 11.—
    3.
    Agmen, milit. t. t., to bring up the rear (cf. claudo, I. B. 2.), Liv. 34, 28, 7; 44, 4, 12; 35, 27, 15; 42, 64, 5; 42, 10, 8; Curt. 3, 3, 25 al.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen.:

    hac re in angustum oppido nunc meae coguntur copiae (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.),

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 2:

    me ex comparato et constituto spatio defensionis in semihorae curriculum coëgisti,

    have confined, restricted, Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 6:

    in eam desperationem, ut,

    Suet. Caes. 20:

    verba in alternos pedes,

    i. e. to write in elegiac verse, Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 10.—More freq.,
    B.
    Esp. with acc., inf., ut, ad, in or absol., to urge one to any action, to force, compel, constrain (syn.: impello, compello, adigo).
    (α).
    With acc.:

    coactus legibus Eam uxorem ducet,

    Ter. And. 4, 4, 41; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 44; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 36:

    vis cogendae militiae,

    Liv. 4, 26, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.—
    (β).
    With inf:

    omnia vertere,

    Lucr. 5, 831; id. 5, 1167; 6, 837:

    mori me,

    Verg. E. 2, 7:

    plerasque ad officium redire,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 1; Liv. 38, 13, 2:

    neque cogi pugnare poterat,

    id. 45, 41, 4 et saep.—
    (γ).
    With ut:

    vi coepi cogere ut rediret,

    Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 26; so id. And. 4, 1, 30; id. Ad. 5, 3, 65; Lucr. 1, 976; 6, 127; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 9; id. Fam. 5, 6, 1; Nep. Alcib. 4, 5; Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 2.—With subj. without ut, cf. Ter. And. 4, 4, 41 supra.—
    (δ).
    With ad:

    ingratiis ad depugnandum omnes,

    Nep. Them. 4, 4:

    ad lacrimas,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 57:

    ad proelia,

    Verg. A. 12, 581:

    Samnites belloque ad bellum cogere,

    Liv. 10, 11, 11; 23, 1, 4; 4, 22, 4; 34, 18, 2; Tac. A. 2, 21.—
    (ε).
    With in:

    in lacrimas,

    Ov. Ib. 204; Quint. 3, 8, 23;

    Auct. B. G. 8, 38: aliquem in deditionem,

    Liv. 43, 1, 1; Sen. Clem. 1, 1.—
    (ζ).
    With acc.
    1.
    With double acc.:

    cogere aliquem aliquid, or cogi aliquid,

    Quint. 11, 1, 22:

    quod vos jus cogit, id voluntate impetret,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 44:

    quod sua quemque mala cogebant,

    Liv. 3, 7, 8; 6, 15, 13; 23, 10, 6:

    cogi aliquid pro potestate ab tribuno,

    to be extorted, id. 4, 26, 10:

    quid non mortalia pectora cogis, Auri sacra fames!

    Verg. A. 3, 56.—
    2.
    With acc. of the thing:

    ne ad id, quod natura cogeret, ipse quoque sibi acceleraret,

    Nep. Att. 22, 2:

    quod cogere se putat posse, rogare non sustinet,

    Vell. 2, 81, 1:

    adulterium,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 367.—
    3.
    Sometimes as philos. t. t. = colligo, concludo, to infer, conclude:

    ex quibus id quod volumus efficitur et cogitur,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 33; so id. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 7, 4.—
    4.
    Cogere agmen, to be the last (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.;

    v. I. B. 3. supra): ut nec duces simus, nec agmen cogamus,

    Cic. Att. 15, 13, 1; cf.:

    sic ordinandus est dies omnis, ut tamquam cogat agmen,

    Sen. Ep. 12, 8.—Hence,
    1.
    coactum, i, P. a. subst., a thick, fulled covering, a mattress (cf. coactilis), Caes. B. C. 3, 44 fin.
    2.
    coactus, a, um, P. a., forced, constrained, unnatural:

    quod absurdum et nimis coactum foret,

    Gell. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. 16, 14, 3:

    lacrimae,

    Verg. A. 2, 196; Ov. M. 6, 628.—
    3.
    coactē, adv. (prop. in a contracted manner; hence), [p. 363]
    a.
    Shortly, quickly:

    coactius quid factum et festinantius,

    Gell. 10, 11, 8.—
    b.
    Accurately, strictly:

    coactius interpretari verbum,

    Gell. 19, 2.—
    c.
    In a forced, constrained manner, Tert. Bapt. 12; id. Anim. 42 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > coactum

  • 19 cogo

    cōgo, cŏēgi, cŏactum (COGVIT = cogit, Inscr Marin Fratr Arv. p. 170), 3, v. a. [contr. from co-ago], to drive together to one point, to collect, compress, crowd, bring, or urge together, to assemble, gather together (class. and very freq.; syn.: colligo, congrego)
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen. (constr. as a verb of motion with in and acc., or with adv. of direction):

    cogantur (oves) intro,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 15; Verg. E. 3, 98; cf.

    pecus,

    id. ib. 3, 20:

    oves stabulis,

    id. ib. 6, 85:

    nubes in unum locum,

    Lucr. 6, 274; cf. id. 6, 464; 6, 734:

    oleam,

    to collect, Cato, R. R. 64, 1; 65, 2; 144, 1.—So of the collecting together of fruits, also in Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3; Col. 11, 2, 70; 12, 3, 9:

    talenta ad quindecim Coëgi,

    received, collected, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 94 Ruhnk.; so Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 120; id. Att. 6, 2, 8; id. Rab. Post. 11, 30:

    Orgetorix ad judicium omnem suam familiam undique coëgit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4; cf.:

    multitudinem hominum ex agris, id. ib: concilium,

    id. ib. 7, 77; Verg. A. 11, 304:

    concilium Hypatam,

    Liv. 36, 26, 1:

    bucina cogebat priscos ad verba Quirites,

    Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—So of the collecting of troops ( = contrahere), Caes. B. C. 1, 15 fin.; cf. Sall. J. 95, 1:

    copias in unum locum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 6, 10 al.:

    exercitum in unum,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2:

    multitudinem in unum,

    Sall. J. 80, 2; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    in classem,

    Liv. 36, 3, 5:

    milites in provinciam,

    id. 43, 15, 7:

    exercitum Dyrrhachium,

    Sall. H. 1, 31 Gerl.:

    ad militiam aliquos,

    id. J. 85, 3:

    acies in proelia,

    Verg. A. 9, 463:

    auxilia undique,

    id. ib. 8, 7.—And of the calling together of a senate:

    quam cito senatum illo die coëgerim,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 3; Liv. 3, 39, 6 al.:

    dum senatus cogeretur,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 7:

    coguntur senatores non pignoribus, sed gratiā,

    id. Phil. 1, 5, 12; Liv. 1, 48, 3 al.; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—And of a single senator:

    cur in senatum hesterno die tam acerbe cogerer?

    Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 11 sq.:

    ex duabus syllabis in unam cogentes,

    contracting, combining, Quint. 1, 5, 23 Spald. and Zumpt:

    quod ex omnibus partibus cogitur,

    id. 5, 14, 9.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    Of liquids, to thicken, condense, curdle, coagulate:

    mella frigore (opp. calore remittere),

    Verg. G. 4, 36:

    lac in duritiam,

    Plin. 23, 7, 64, § 126; cf. Ov. M. 8, 666:

    fel sole,

    Plin. 29, 6, 37, § 116:

    liquorem in nivem,

    id. 2, 39, 39, § 105; 2, 42, 42, § 111.—Similarly:

    coacta alvus,

    hard fœces, Cels. 2, 8; 2, 3 al.; so,

    vestis coacta,

    fulled, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 192. —
    2.
    Of places, to draw together or contract into a narrow place: Italia coacta in angustias, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 400:

    saltus in arctas coactus fauces,

    Liv. 22, 15, 11.—
    3.
    Agmen, milit. t. t., to bring up the rear (cf. claudo, I. B. 2.), Liv. 34, 28, 7; 44, 4, 12; 35, 27, 15; 42, 64, 5; 42, 10, 8; Curt. 3, 3, 25 al.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen.:

    hac re in angustum oppido nunc meae coguntur copiae (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.),

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 2:

    me ex comparato et constituto spatio defensionis in semihorae curriculum coëgisti,

    have confined, restricted, Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 6:

    in eam desperationem, ut,

    Suet. Caes. 20:

    verba in alternos pedes,

    i. e. to write in elegiac verse, Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 10.—More freq.,
    B.
    Esp. with acc., inf., ut, ad, in or absol., to urge one to any action, to force, compel, constrain (syn.: impello, compello, adigo).
    (α).
    With acc.:

    coactus legibus Eam uxorem ducet,

    Ter. And. 4, 4, 41; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 44; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 36:

    vis cogendae militiae,

    Liv. 4, 26, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.—
    (β).
    With inf:

    omnia vertere,

    Lucr. 5, 831; id. 5, 1167; 6, 837:

    mori me,

    Verg. E. 2, 7:

    plerasque ad officium redire,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 1; Liv. 38, 13, 2:

    neque cogi pugnare poterat,

    id. 45, 41, 4 et saep.—
    (γ).
    With ut:

    vi coepi cogere ut rediret,

    Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 26; so id. And. 4, 1, 30; id. Ad. 5, 3, 65; Lucr. 1, 976; 6, 127; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 9; id. Fam. 5, 6, 1; Nep. Alcib. 4, 5; Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 2.—With subj. without ut, cf. Ter. And. 4, 4, 41 supra.—
    (δ).
    With ad:

    ingratiis ad depugnandum omnes,

    Nep. Them. 4, 4:

    ad lacrimas,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 57:

    ad proelia,

    Verg. A. 12, 581:

    Samnites belloque ad bellum cogere,

    Liv. 10, 11, 11; 23, 1, 4; 4, 22, 4; 34, 18, 2; Tac. A. 2, 21.—
    (ε).
    With in:

    in lacrimas,

    Ov. Ib. 204; Quint. 3, 8, 23;

    Auct. B. G. 8, 38: aliquem in deditionem,

    Liv. 43, 1, 1; Sen. Clem. 1, 1.—
    (ζ).
    With acc.
    1.
    With double acc.:

    cogere aliquem aliquid, or cogi aliquid,

    Quint. 11, 1, 22:

    quod vos jus cogit, id voluntate impetret,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 44:

    quod sua quemque mala cogebant,

    Liv. 3, 7, 8; 6, 15, 13; 23, 10, 6:

    cogi aliquid pro potestate ab tribuno,

    to be extorted, id. 4, 26, 10:

    quid non mortalia pectora cogis, Auri sacra fames!

    Verg. A. 3, 56.—
    2.
    With acc. of the thing:

    ne ad id, quod natura cogeret, ipse quoque sibi acceleraret,

    Nep. Att. 22, 2:

    quod cogere se putat posse, rogare non sustinet,

    Vell. 2, 81, 1:

    adulterium,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 367.—
    3.
    Sometimes as philos. t. t. = colligo, concludo, to infer, conclude:

    ex quibus id quod volumus efficitur et cogitur,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 33; so id. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 7, 4.—
    4.
    Cogere agmen, to be the last (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.;

    v. I. B. 3. supra): ut nec duces simus, nec agmen cogamus,

    Cic. Att. 15, 13, 1; cf.:

    sic ordinandus est dies omnis, ut tamquam cogat agmen,

    Sen. Ep. 12, 8.—Hence,
    1.
    coactum, i, P. a. subst., a thick, fulled covering, a mattress (cf. coactilis), Caes. B. C. 3, 44 fin.
    2.
    coactus, a, um, P. a., forced, constrained, unnatural:

    quod absurdum et nimis coactum foret,

    Gell. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. 16, 14, 3:

    lacrimae,

    Verg. A. 2, 196; Ov. M. 6, 628.—
    3.
    coactē, adv. (prop. in a contracted manner; hence), [p. 363]
    a.
    Shortly, quickly:

    coactius quid factum et festinantius,

    Gell. 10, 11, 8.—
    b.
    Accurately, strictly:

    coactius interpretari verbum,

    Gell. 19, 2.—
    c.
    In a forced, constrained manner, Tert. Bapt. 12; id. Anim. 42 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cogo

  • 20 collectum

    1.
    col-lĭgo ( conl-), lēgi, lectum, 3, v.a. [2. lego, ĕre], to gather or collect together into a whole or to a point, to assemble, draw or bring together, collect (class. and very freq.),
    I.
    Prop.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    Of things:

    omnia praesegmina,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 34:

    stipulam,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 62; cf.: omnia furtim, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 273, 28:

    radices palmarum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 33, § 87:

    apes in vas,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 16, 37:

    ossa,

    Tib. 3, 2, 19; cf.

    reliquias,

    Suet. Tib. 54 fin.; id. Calig. 3:

    materiem nostram Post obitum,

    Lucr. 3, 847 (and Hom. Il. 24, 793):

    sparsos per colla capillos in nodum,

    Ov. M. 3, 170; 8, 319; and poet. transf. to the person:

    immissos hederā collecta capillos Calliope, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 338; so,

    sinus fluentes,

    Verg. A. 1, 320:

    flores,

    Ov. M. 5, 399:

    riguo horto olus,

    id. ib. 8, 646:

    de purpureis vitibus uvas,

    id. ib. 8, 676:

    fructus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 1: omnia venena, * Cat. 14, 19:

    sarmenta virgultaque,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 18:

    serpentes,

    Nep. Hann. 10, 4:

    naufragium,

    Cic. Sest. 6, 15: mortualia, glossaria conlegitis et lexidia, res taetras et inanes, Domit. ap. Gell. 18, 7, 3:

    pecuniam,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 47:

    viatica,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 26; cf.:

    stipem a tyrannis,

    to obtain by begging, Liv. 38, 45, 9:

    aër umorem colligens,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101:

    imbres,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 15; cf.:

    pluvias aquas,

    Quint. 10, 1, 109; 5. 14, 31:

    ventus per loca subcava terrae Collectus,

    Lucr. 6, 558:

    procellam,

    id. 6, 124:

    spiritum,

    Plin. 19, 6, 26, § 78; Quint. 11, 3, 53:

    flatus cornibus,

    Sil. 14, 390:

    collectae ex alto nubes,

    heaped together, Verg. G. 1, 324:

    pulvis collectus turbine,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 31; and poet.:

    pulverem Olympicum Collegisse juvat,

    i. e. to have covered himself with it, id. C. 1, 1, 4:

    luna revertentes colligit ignes,

    Verg. G. 1, 427:

    antiqua verba et figuras,

    Suet. Gram. 10:

    equos,

    to check, restrain, stop, Ov. M. 2, 398; so,

    gressum,

    Sil. 6, 399:

    gradum,

    id. 7, 695; so,

    fig. iram,

    id. 9, 477;

    and of the operation of medicine: acria viscerum colligere,

    Plin. 19, 6, 26, § 85: hastas, to draw back (opp. protendere), Tac. A. 2, 21:

    librum,

    to catch a falling book, Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

    apparatu nobis (sc. oratoribus) opus est et rebus exquisitis, undique collectis, arcessitis, comportatis,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 92; cf.:

    interea, dum haec, quae dispersa sunt, cogantur,

    id. ib. 1, 42, 191: sarcinas; to pack one ' s luggage for a journey:

    annus octogesimus admonet me, ut sarcinas colligam ante quam proficiscar e vitā,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 1; also: sarcinas conligere = sarcinas conferre, to gather and put in order the baggage of an army before a battle, Sall. J. 97, 4: vasa, milit. t. t.., to pack together, pack up, to break up the camp for a march, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 19, § 40; Liv. 21, 47, 2; 22, 30, 1:

    arma = remos,

    i. e. to take in hand, take up, Verg. A. 5, 15 Forbig. ad loc.—
    2.
    Of persons, mostly milit., to collect, assemble, bring together:

    exercitus collectus ex senibus desperatis,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 5:

    ex urbe, ex agris, numerum hominum,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 8:

    milites,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133:

    reliquos ex fugā,

    Nep. Hann. 6 fin.:

    manu collectā in Thraciam introiit,

    id. Alcib. 7, 4; cf. Liv. 1, 5, 4, and Tac. Agr. 37:

    de pagis omnibus bonos viros,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 12: se colligere, to gather, collect:

    in moenia,

    Sil. 10, 390:

    ex regno alicujus,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 24: ad. aciem, Auct. B. Afr. 70; so, collecti, those who have collected:

    in aestuaria ac paludes,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 28; cf. Tac. A. 2, 11.—
    B.
    Esp., with the accessory idea of shortening, by bringing together, to contract, draw up, compress, collect, concentrate (mostly poet. for the more usual contraho, coërceo, etc.):

    in spiram tractu se colligit anguis,

    Verg. G. 2, 154; cf.:

    cogebantur breviore spatio et ipsi orbem colligere,

    Liv. 2, 50, 7:

    alitis in parvae subitam collecta figuram,

    Verg. A. 12, 862 Wagn. N. cr.:

    apicem collectus in unum,

    Ov. M. 13, 910:

    pedes,

    to compress, Tib. 1, 8, 14:

    volumina collecta in artum,

    Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 45: se collegit in arma, covered himself with or concealed himself behind his shield, Verg. A. 12, 491; cf. id. ib. 10, 412 (post scutum se clausit, Serv.; Gr. sustaleis en aspidi, ep aspidos); cf. Stat. Th. 11, 545; Sil. 10, 255; 10, 129:

    pallium,

    to gather up, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 9:

    togam,

    Mart. 7, 33, 4:

    12, 48, 5: per vulnera colligit hostes,

    causes them to retreat, Sil. 10, 3.—Hence,
    b.
    Medic. t. t., to make thick, to thicken (cf. cogo), Scrib. Comp. 95; 129; 138; 169; cf. Plin. 34, 11, 27, § 114.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To bring together, collect, to get, gain, acquire, produce, etc. (very freq. and class.):

    sescentae ad eam rem causae possunt conligi,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 62:

    conlectis omnibus bellis civilibus,

    i. e. brought together in speaking, adduced, Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1; cf. id. Sest. 6, 15:

    flammarum iras,

    Lucr. 1, 723; cf. Hor. A. P. 160; Val. Fl. 7, 335:

    multaque facete dicta, ut ea, quae a sene Catone collecta sunt,

    Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104; 1, 42, 191:

    res undique conlectae,

    id. ib. 3, 24, 92:

    quaedam conlecta edere,

    Quint. 5, 10, 120:

    sparsa argumenta,

    id. 5, 7, 18: antiqua verba, Suet. [p. 367] Gram. 10:

    omnes rumorum et contionum ventos,

    Cic. Clu. 28, 77:

    rumorem bonum,

    id. Leg. 1, 19, 50:

    peccata consulum,

    id. ib. 3, 10, 23:

    vestigia Pythagoreorum,

    id. Tusc. 4, 2, 3:

    existimationem multo sudore,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 22, 72:

    benevolentiam civium blanditiis,

    id. Lael. 17, 61:

    magnam gratiam magnamque dignitatem ex hoc labore,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 15 (16), 1:

    auctoritatem,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 12:

    famam clementiae,

    Liv. 21, 48, 10:

    tantum amoris favorisque,

    Suet. Claud. 12; Prop. 2 (3), 14, 9:

    invidiam crudelitatis ex eo,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 19:

    crimina majestatis,

    Plin. Pan. 33 fin.:

    sitim,

    Verg. G. 3, 327; Ov. M. 5, 446; 6, 341 (cf.:

    adducere sitim,

    Hor. C. 4, 12, 13):

    frigus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 13:

    rabiem,

    Verg. A. 9, 63; Ov. M. 1, 234; 9, 212:

    odium,

    id. ib. 3, 258:

    usum patiendi,

    id. Am. 1, 8, 75:

    vires usu,

    id. A. A. 2, 339; cf. Liv. 29, 30, 5; Sil. 4, 307.—
    b.
    Of number, distance, etc., to amount or come to, extend; pass., to be reckoned (rare, and only in post-Aug. prose):

    ut LX. passus plerique (rami) orbe colligant,

    Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23:

    ambitus per frontem centum duos pedes colligit,

    id. 36, 12, 17, § 77:

    ad quos (consules) a regno Numae colliguntur anni DXXXV.,

    id. 13, 13, 27, § 85; so Tac. G. 37; id. Or. 17.—
    B.
    Colligere se or animum, mentem, etc., to collect one ' s self, to compose one ' s self, to recover one ' s courage, resolution, etc. (very freq. and class.):

    quid est autem se ipsum colligere, nisi dissipatas animi partes rursum in suum locum cogere?

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 36, 78: se, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 195 P.; Lucr. 3, 925; Cic. Quint. 16, 53; id. Div. 1, 27, 57; id. Div. in Caecil. 12, 37; id. Fam. 5, 18, 1; id. de Or. 1, 7, 24; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 58; Caes. B. C. 1, 14:

    se colligere,

    to rally, id. B.G. 5, 17:

    se ex timore,

    id. B.C. 3, 65; Suet. Calig. 50:

    animos,

    Liv. 3, 60, 11; cf. in pass., id. 10, 41, 13:

    animum,

    Tac. A. 1, 12; Suet. Ner. 48:

    animum cogitationemque,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 14:

    mentem,

    Ov. M. 14, 352; cf.:

    mentem cum vultu,

    id. Am. 1, 14, 55:

    paulatim mente collectā,

    Curt. 8, 6, 22; cf.:

    colligere spiritum,

    to take breath, Quint. 11, 3, 53.—
    C.
    To gather up in memory, put together in the mind, to think upon, weigh, consider:

    cum et nostrae rei publicae detrimenta considero, et maximarum civitatum veteres animo calamitates colligo,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 1, 1:

    ut memineris, quae, etc.... quae, si colliges, et sperabis omnia optime, et, etc.,

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; 6, 2, 4:

    levis haec insania quantas Virtutes habeat, sic collige,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 119; cf.:

    sic collige mecum,

    id. S. 2, 1, 51. —Esp. freq.,
    b.
    To put together mentally, etc., i. e. to gather, conclude, deduce, infer from what precedes (most freq. in Quint.); constr.: aliquid, aliquid ex aliquā re, per aliquam rem, aliquā re.—With ex:

    ex eo colligere potes, quantā occupatione distinear,

    Cic. Att. 2, 23, 1; so Quint. 5, 10, 80; 7, 2, 3; 7, 8, 6; 8, 4, 16; 4, 4, 5 al.; Suet. Tib. 67.—With per:

    aliquid per aliud,

    Quint. 5, 10, 11; so id. 4, 2, 81.—With abl. without a prep.:

    quod multis et acutis conclusionibus colligunt,

    Quint. 2, 20, 5; so id. 3, 6, 103; 5, 13, 14; 6, 3, 37; 7, 4, 1 al.; Col. 4, 3, 2 al.—With inde:

    paucitatem inde hostium colligentes,

    Liv. 7, 37, 9:

    bene colligit, haec pueris et mulierculis esse grata,

    Cic. Off. 2, 16, 57:

    neque hoc colligi desideramus, disertiores esse antiquos, etc.,

    Tac. Or. 27; Quint. 5, 14, 22; 7, 3, 18; 1, 10, 42; Ov. M. 11, 380; Pers. 5, 85.—Hence,
    1.
    collectus, a, um, P. a., contracted, narrow (opp. effusus):

    tanto beatior, quanto collectior,

    App. Mag. 21, p. 287:

    corpora collectiora (opp. effusiora),

    Calp. Flacc. Decl. 2, p. 795:

    tempus collectius,

    Tert. Monog. 14.— Adv.: collectē, summarily, briefly, strictly:

    ponere aliquod verbum,

    Non. p. 164, 1.—
    2.
    collectum, i, n., that which is collected as food, Plin. 11, 37, 60, § 159.
    2.
    col-lĭgo ( conl-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to bind, tie, or fasten together, to connect, bind, tie up (in good prose).
    I.
    Prop.:

    omne colligatum solvi potest,

    Cic. Univ. 11, 35:

    corpora colligata vinculis naturalibus,

    id. ib.; cf. id. ib. 5, 13: vasa (of warlike implements; cf. the preced. art., I. A. 1. fin.), Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 16:

    manus,

    id. Ep. 5, 2, 23; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 25, and the common expression in the formula: i, lictor, colliga manus, tie the prisoner ' s hands, Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; Liv. 1, 26, 8: conligavit eum miseris modis, Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 33:

    pluribus scutis uno ictu pilorum transfixis et colligatis,

    fastened to one another, Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

    solum herbis colligatum,

    thickly overgrown, Col. 2, 17, 5:

    bitumen vulnera colligat,

    Plin. 35, 15, 51, § 181; cf.: colligatis vulneribus, * Suet. Tib. 61.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to unite, combine, connect (rare except in Cic.):

    homines inter se sermonis vinclo,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 2, 3:

    officiorum genera inter se colligata atque implicata sunt,

    id. Off. 1, 5, 15; cf.:

    (res) omnes inter se aptae colligataeque,

    id. N. D. 1, 4, 9:

    sententias verbis,

    to join together rhetorically, id. Or. 50, 168:

    annorum septingentorum memoriam uno libro,

    to comprehend, comprise, id. ib. 34, 120.—
    B.
    With the access. idea of preventing free motion, to restrain, check, stop, hinder:

    impetum furentis (Antonii),

    Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 4:

    Brutum in Graeciā,

    i. e. to command that he remain there for protection, id. ib. 11, 11, 26:

    se cum multis,

    id. Fam. 9, 17, 2.—Hence, collĭgātē, adv., connectedly, jointly:

    colligatius adhaerere alicui,

    Aug. Doct. Christ. 1, 28.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > collectum

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