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Earth

  • 1 χώμα

    earth

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά νέο λεξικό (Greek-English new dictionary) > χώμα

  • 2 γῆ

    γῆ, γῆς, ἡ (Hom.+)
    ① surface of the earth as the habitation of humanity, earth (as heavenly body: Tat. 27, 2 τῷ λέγοντι … τὴν σελήνην γῆν ‘one who says … the moon is an earth’)
    ⓐ in contrast to heaven (Heracl. Sto. 34, p. 50, 4 ἀπὸ γῆς εἰς οὐρ.; Ael. Aristid. 24, 44 K.=44 p. 838 D.: ἐκ θεῶν ἥκειν ἐπὶ γῆν; Maximus Tyr. 16, 6d ἐκ γῆς ἐπʼ οὐρανόν; Ar. 3, 1 τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς) Mt 5:18, 35; 6:10, 19; 16:19; Lk 2:14; 21:25; Col 1:16; Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26); 11:13; 2 Pt 3:5, 7, 10; AcPl Ha 1, 7; AcPlCor 2:9, 19. τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς earthly things (TestJob 48:1 τὰ τῆς γῆς φρονεῖν; Ocellus Luc. 36 γῆ κ. πάντα τὰ ἐπὶ γῆς; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 6, 5; Lucian, Vit. Auct. 18) Col 3:2, 5 (Maximus Tyr. 25, 6b: in contrast to the ἄνω the γῆ is the seat of all earthly weakness and inferiority). αἷμα δίκαιον ἐξ̣[έχεας ἐπὶ] τ̣ῆς γῆς on earth AcPl Ha 11, 8; s. also b below. Established on the waters Hv 1, 3, 4. Vanishing w. heaven at the end of time 2 Cl 16:3 and replaced by a new earth 2 Pt 3:13; Rv 21:1 (Is 65:17; 66:22).
    ⓑ as the inhabited planet (Ar. 12, 1 τῶν ἐθνῶν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς; Just., A I, 54, 9 τὴν πᾶσαν γῆν; Appian, Mithrid. 57 §234 γῆς ἄρξειν ἁπάσης) Lk 21:35; Ac 10:12; 11:6; 17:26 et al. ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς to the remotest parts of the earth 1:8 (PsSol 1:4) difft. OSchwartz, JBL 105, ’86, 669–76 (limited to Palestine). Hence
    ② the inhabitants of the earth, people, humanity, associative sense Mt 5:13; 10:34; Lk 12:49, 51; cp. Rv 13:3. ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς on earth=among people Lk 18:8; J 17:4; Ro 9:28; Eph 6:3 (Ex 20:12; Dt 5:16; En 102:5; PsSol 17:2); Js 5:5; Hs 5, 6, 6; s. also 1b. ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς from the earth=from the midst of humanity Ac 8:33 (Is 53:8; cp. PsSol 2:17; 4:22; 17:7); 22:22; Rv 14:3.
    ③ portions or regions of the earth, region, country Ac 7:3f (Gen 12:1); vs. 6 (Gen 15:13). In a territorial sense (X., An. 1, 3, 4) Israel Mt 2:20f; Gennesaret 14:34; Midian Ac 7:29; Judah Mt 2:6 (where ENestle in his critical apparatus [s. e.g. N25] listed the conjecture of JDrusius van den Driessche [†1616], γῆς, accepted by PSchmiedel, as indicated in Zürcher Bibel ’31, appendix to NT, p. 5); Zebulon and Naphtali 4:15 (Is 9:1); Judea J 3:22; AcPl Ha 8, 14; Canaan Ac 13:19; AcPl Ha 8, 14; Egypt Ac 7:36, 40; 13:17; Hb 8:9 (Jer 38:32); of the Chaldaeans Ac 7:4; native land vs. 3. The inhabitants included Mt 10:15; 11:24. ἡ γῆ abs.=Palestine Mt 27:45; Mk 15:33; Lk 4:25. On κληρονομεῖν τ. γῆν Mt 5:5; D 3:7 s. κληρονομέω 2.
    ④ dry land as opposed to sea, land (X., An. 1, 1, 7; Dio Chrys. 63 [80], 12; Sb 5103, 6 ἐν γῇ κʼ ἐν θαλάσσῃ; BGU 27, 5; PsSol 2:26, 29; Jos., Ant. 4, 125; 11, 53) Mk 4:1; 6:47; Lk 5:3, 11; J 6:21; 21:8f, 11; Ac 27:39, 43f.
    ⑤ earth-like surface that forms the bottom of a body of water, ground, bottom of the sea B 10:5.
    ⑥ earth w. ref. to limited areas and the material that forms its surface
    ⓐ of earth-surface: ground Mt 10:29 (πίπτειν ἐπὶ τ. γῆν as Jos., Ant. 7, 381); 15:35; 25:18, 25 (Artem. 2, 59 οὐ γὰρ ἄνευ τοῦ τὴν γῆν ἀνασκαφῆναι θησαυρὸς εὑρίσκεται); Mk 8:6; 9:20; 14:35; Lk 22:44; 24:5; J 8:6, 8 (writing on it as Ael. Aristid. 50, 21 K.=26 p. 508 D.); Ac 9:4, 8; GPt 6:21a. οἰκοδομεῖν οἰκίαν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν χωρὶς θεμελίου build a house on the ground without any foundation Lk 6:49. The earth opens in the service of a divinity in order to swallow something (Quint. Smyrn. 13, 548f, a person; cp. En 99:2 ἐν τῇ γῇ καταποθήσονται; ParJer 3:19) Rv 12:16.
    ⓑ of ground for agricultural use soil, earth, receiving seed (Just., A I, 55, 3 γῆ … ἀροῦται) Mt 13:5, 8, 23; Mk 4:5, 8, 20, 26, 28, 31; J 12:24; AcPlCor 2:26; watered by rain Hb 6:7; yielding fruit (Jos., Ant. 18, 22) Js 5:7: 1 Cl 20:4. καταργεῖν τ. γῆν waste, use up the ground Lk 13:7.—Dalman, Arbeit II.—B. 17. Schmidt, Syn. III 55–69. DELG. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > γῆ

  • 3 οὐρανός

    οὐρανός, οῦ, ὁ 24:31 (Hom.+; ‘heaven’ in various senses)
    ① the portion or portions of the universe gener. distinguished from planet earth, heaven (so mostly in the sing.; s. B-D-F §141, 1)
    ⓐ mentioned w. the earth
    α. forming a unity w. it as the totality of creation (Pla., Euthyd. 296d οὐρανὸς καὶ γῆ; Gen 1:1; 14:19, 22; Tob 7:17 BA; Jdth 9:12; Bel 5; 1 Macc 2:37 al.; PsSol 8:7; ParJer 5:32; Just., D. 74, 1; PGM 13, 784 ὁ βασιλεύων τῶν οὐρανῶν κ. τῆς γῆς κ. πάντων τῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐνδιατριβόντων; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 59, 6; Theoph. Ant. 1, 4 [p. 64, 13]) ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ Mt 5:18; 11:25; 24:35; Mk 13:31; Lk 10:21; 16:17; 21:33; Ac 4:24; 14:15; 17:24 (on the absence of the art. s. B-D-F §253, 3); Rv 14:7; 20:11; Dg 3:4; AcPlCor 2:9; 19.
    β. standing independently beside the earth or contrasted w. it: Mt 5:34f; Ac 7:49 (cp. on both Is 66:1). ἐν (τῷ) οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ (τῆς) γῆς Mt 6:10; 28:18; Lk 11:2 v.l.; Rv 5:13.—1 Cor 8:5; Rv 5:3; ISm 11:2. τὸ πρόσωπον τ. γῆς καὶ τ. οὐρανοῦ Lk 12:56. Cp. Hb 12:26 (Hg 2:6); Js 5:12.—τὰ ἔσχατα τ. γῆς as extreme contrast to heaven 1 Cl 28:3. By God’s creative word the heaven was fixed and the earth founded on the waters Hv 1, 3, 4. Neither heaven nor earth can be comprehended by human measure 16:2 (Is 40:12). On ἀπʼ ἄκρου γῆς ἕως ἄκρου οὐρανοῦ Mk 13:27 s. under ἄκρον. ὁ πρῶτος οὐρ. καὶ ἡ πρώτη γῆ will give way in the last times to the οὐρ. καινός and the γῆ καινή Rv 21:1 (cp. Is 65:17; 66:22).
    ⓑ as firmament or sky over the earth; out of reach for humans Hm 11:18. Hence ἕως οὐρανοῦ (ApcEsdr 4:32) Mt 11:23; Lk 10:15 or εἰς τὸν οὐρ. Hv 4, 1, 5 as an expr. denoting a great height. Likew. ἀπὸ τ. γῆς ἕως τ. οὐρανοῦ 1 Cl 8:3 (scripture quot. of unknown origin); GPt 10:40 (for a transcendent being who walks on the earth and whose head touches the sky, s. Il. 4, 443). Since the heaven extends over the whole earth, ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρ. under (the) heaven = on earth, throughout the earth (Pla., Tim. 23c, Ep. 7, 326c; UPZ 106, 14 [99 B.C.]; Eccl 1:13; 3:1; Just., A II, 5, 2) Ac 2:5; 4:12; Col 1:23; Hs 9, 17, 4; m 12, 4, 2. ὑποκάτωθεν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ throughout the earth 1 Cl 53:3 (Dt 9:14). ἐκ τῆς (i.e. χώρας) ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρ. εἰς τὴν ὑπʼ οὐρανόν from one place on earth to another Lk 17:24 (cp. Dt 29:19; Bar 5:3; 2 Macc 2:18 ἐκ τῆς ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρ. εἰς τὸν ἅγιον τόπον).—In the last days there will appear τέρατα ἐν τ. οὐρανῷ ἄνω wonders in the heaven above Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3 v.l.). σημεῖον ἐν τῷ οὐρ. Rv 12:1, 3 (cp. Diod S 2, 30, 1 τὰ ἐν οὐρανῷ γινόμενα=what takes place in the heavens; Ael. Aristid. 50, 56 K.=26 p. 519 D., where the statue of Asclepius from Pergamum appears ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ). The sky can even be rolled up; s. ἑλίσσω.—Rain falls fr. heaven (X., An. 4, 2, 2) and heaven is closed to bring about a drought Lk 4:25.—Rv 11:6; Js 5:18 (cp. 2 Ch 6:26; 7:13; Sir 48:3). Lightning also comes fr. heaven (Bacchylides 17, 55f ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ … ἀστραπάν [=Attic-ήν]) Lk 10:18. Likew. of other things that come down like rain to punish sinners: fire Lk 9:54 (cp. 4 Km 1:10; TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 14 [Stone p. 24]); Rv 20:9; fire and brimstone Lk 17:29 (cp. Gen 19:24); apocalyptic hail Rv 16:21; AcPl Ha 5, 7.
    ⓒ as starry heaven IEph 19:2. τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρ. (cp. ἄστρον and s. Eur., Phoen. 1; Diod S 6, 2, 2 ἥλιον κ. σελήνην κ. τὰ ἄλλα ἄστρα τὰ κατʼ οὐρανόν; Ael. Aristid. 43, 13 K.=1 p. 5 D.; TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 1 [Stone p. 4]; JosAs 2:11) Hb 11:12. οἱ ἀστέρες τοῦ οὐρ. 1 Cl 32:2 (Gen 22:17); cp. 10:6 (Gen 15:5). In the time of tribulation at the end of the world the stars will fall fr. heaven Mt 24:29a; Mk 13:25a; Rv 6:13; 12:4. Cp. 8:10; 9:1. ἡ στρατιὰ τοῦ οὐρ. (s. οὐράνιος) the host of heaven, of the stars, which some Israelites illicitly worshipped Ac 7:42 (worship of the στρατιὰ τοῦ οὐρ. in enmity to Yahweh also Jer 7:18; 19:13; Zeph 1:5; 2 Ch 33:3, 5). These are also meant by the δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν Mt 24:29b; Lk 21:26; cp. Mk 13:25b (cp. δύναμις 4).
    ⓓ as place of atmosphere (cp. TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 15 [Stone p. 22] εἰς τὴν αἰθέρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ); clouds hover in it, the νεφέλαι τοῦ οὐρ. (s. νεφέλη) Mt 24:30b; 26:64; Mk 14:62; D 16:8. Likew. the birds, τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ (Gen 1:26; Ps 8:9; Jdth 11:7; ParJer 7:3; cp. Bar 3:17) Mt 6:26; 8:20; 13:32; Mk 4:32; Lk 8:5; 9:58; Ac 10:12; 11:6; 6:12 (Gen 1:26), 18; Hs 9, 24, 1; GJs 3:2 codd.; 18:2 codd.—πυρράζει ὁ οὐρανός Mt 16:2, 3.—In connection w. τὸν σατανᾶν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεσόντα Lk 10:18 the atmosphere may well be thought of as an abode of evil spirits. On Satan as the ἄρχων τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος, s. ἀήρ. Cp. also the λεγόμενοι θεοὶ εἴτε ἐν οὐρ. εἴτε ἐπὶ γῆς 1 Cor 8:5. In any case Rv 12:7f speaks of the dragon and his angels as being in heaven.
    ⓔ The concept of more than one heaven (the idea is Semitic; but s. FTorm, ZNW 33, ’34, 48–50, who refers to Anaximander and Aristot. Also Ps.-Apollod. 1, 6, 1, 2 ms. and Achilles Tat. 2, 36, 4 and 37, 2 ms. have οὐρανοί; Himerius, Or. 66 [=Or. 20], 4 οὐρανοί as the abode of the gods; also Hesychius Miles. [VI A.D.] c. 66 JFlach of the ‘godless heathen’ Tribonian.—Schlatter, Mt2 p. 58 on 3:2: ‘The pl. οὐρανοί is found neither in Philo nor Joseph.’ Cp. PKatz, Philo’s Bible ’50, 141–46; Mussies 84) is also found in our lit. (s. 1aα; Theoph. Ant. 1, 4 [p. 64, 15]), but it is not always possible to decide with certainty just where the idea is really alive and where it simply survives in a formula (in J’s Gospel the pl. is entirely absent; Rv has it only 12:12 [fr. LXX]. Eph always has the pl. In others the sing. and pl. are interchanged for no apparent reason [cp. Hb 9:23 w. 24 or Hv 1, 1, 4 w. 1, 2, 1; also GPt 10:40f; Ps. 113:11 lines 1 and 2; TestAbr, TestJob, Just., Tat.]): the third heaven (cp. Ps.-Lucian, Philopatris 12 ἐς τρίτον οὐρανὸν ἀεροβατήσας [s. on ἀνακαινίζω and πνεῦμα 8]; PSI 29, 2ff [IV A.D.?] ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε τὸν καθήμενον ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ οὐρανῷ … ἐν τῷ β´ οὐρ. … ἐν τῷ γ´ οὐρ.; Simplicius, In Epict. p. 100, 13 Düb. ὀκτὼ οὐρανοί; TestLevi 3:3; GrBar 11:1 εἰς πέμπτον οὐ. Combination of the third heaven and paradise, GrBar 10:1ff; ApcMos 37. S. τρίτος 1a) 2 Cor 12:2 (s. JohJeremias, Der Gottesberg 1919, 41ff; Ltzm., Hdb.4 ’49, exc. on 2 Cor 12:3f [lit.]). ὑπεράνω πάντων τῶν οὐρανῶν Eph 4:10. τ. πάντα ἐν τ. οὐρανοῖς κ. ἐπὶ τ. γῆς Col 1:16; cp. vs. 20. ἔργα τ. χειρῶν σού εἰσιν οἱ οὐρ. Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26).—4:14; 7:26; 2 Pt 3:5, 7, 10, 12f (of the heavens, their destruction in the final conflagration, and their replacement by the καινοὶ οὐρ.); 1 Cl 20:1; 33:3. τακήσονταί τινες τῶν οὐρανῶν 2 Cl 16:3.—S. also Lampe s.v. 2.—From the concept of various celestial levels a transition is readily made to
    ② transcendent abode, heaven (the pl. is preferred for this mng.: B-D-F §141, 1; Rob. 408)
    ⓐ as the dwelling-place (or throne) of God (Sappho, Fgm. 56 D.2 [=Campbell 54] of Eros; Solon 1, 22 D.3 of Zeus; Hom. Hymn to Aphrodite 291 [all three οὐρ. in the sing. as the seat of the gods]; Pla., Phdr. 246e ὁ μέγας ἐν οὐρανῷ Ζεύς; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 2, 2; 3, 4 ὁ οὐρ. as οἰκητήριον θεοῦ or θεῶν; Dio Chrys. 19[36], 22 θεῶν μακάρων κατʼ οὐρανόν; Artem. 2, 68 p. 159, 13 ὁ οὐρανὸς θεῶν ἐστὶν οἶκος; Ael. Aristid. 43, 14 K.=1 p. 5 D.; Maximus Tyr. 11, 11b; ins from Saïtaï in Lydia [δύναμις 5]; IAndrosIsis, Cyrene 8 p. 129.—On the OT: GWestphal, Jahwes Wohnstätten 1908, 214–73) Mt 23:22; Ac 7:55f; Hb 8:1; 16:2b (Is 66:1); Dg 10:7. ὁ θεὸς ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρ. Hv 1, 1, 6 (cp. Tob 5:17 S). ὁ θεὸς τοῦ οὐρ. (Gen 24:3) Rv 11:13; 16:11. ὁ κύριος ἐν οὐρανοῖς Eph 6:9; cp. Col 4:1. ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν (μου, ἡμῶν) ὁ ἐν (τοῖς) οὐρ. (silver tablet fr. Amisos: ARW 12, 1909, 25 ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ μέγας ὁ ἐν οὐρανῷ καθήμενος) Mt 5:16, 45; 6:1, 9; 7:11, 21b; 10:33; 12:50; 16:17; 18:10b, 14, 19; Mk 11:25f; Lk 11:2 v.l.; D 8:2 (here the sing. ὁ ἐν τῷ οὐρ. Cp. PGM 12, 261 τῷ ἐν οὐρανῷ θεῷ). ὁ πατὴρ ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ the Father who (gives) from heaven Lk 11:13 (Jos., Ant. 9, 73 ἐκχέαι τὸν θεὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ). God dwells in τὰ ὕψη τῶν οὐρ. 1 Cl 36:2. Therefore the one who prays looks up toward heaven: ἀναβλέπειν εἰς τὸν οὐρ. (s. ἀναβλέπω 1) Mt 14:19; Mk 6:41; 7:34; Lk 9:16; MPol 9:2; 14:1. ἀτενίσας εἰς τὸν οὐρ. εἶδεν δόξαν θεοῦ Ac 7:55; ἐπάρας τ. ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν οὐρ. J 17:1.—The Spirit of God comes fr. (the open) heaven Mt 3:16; Mk 1:10; Lk 3:21; J 1:32; Ac 2:2(–4); 1 Pt 1:12; AcPlCor 2:5. The voice of God resounds fr. it (Maximus Tyr. 35, 7b Διὸς ἐξ οὐρανοῦ μέγα βοῶντος, the words follow) Mt 3:17; Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; J 12:28; Ac 11:9; MPol 9:1 (cp. Just., D. 88, 8), and it is gener. the place where divine pronouncements originate Ac 11:5 and their end vs. 10. The ὀργὴ θεοῦ reveals itself fr. heaven Ro 1:18 (s. Jos., Bell. 1, 630 τὸν ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ δικαστήν). Also, a σημεῖον ἐκ (ἀπὸ) τοῦ οὐρ. is a sign given by God Mt 16:1; Mk 8:11; Lk 11:16; cp. 21:11.—Lampe s.v. 4.
    ⓑ Christ is ἐξ οὐρανοῦ from heaven, of a heavenly nature 1 Cor 15:47 (s. ἄνθρωπος 1d. On this HKennedy, St. Paul and the Conception of the ‘Heavenly Man’: Exp. 8th ser., 7, 1913, 97–110; EGraham, CQR 113, ’32, 226) and has come down from heaven J 3:13b, 31; 6:38, 42, 50 (Ar. 15, 1 ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς; Mel., P. 66, 467 ἀφικόμενος ἐξ οὐρανῶν), as ὁ ἄρτος ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ (s. ἄρτος 2). Cp. Ro 10:6. He returned to heaven (τὴν ἔνσαρκον εἰς τοὺς οὐρανοὺ ἀνάληψιν Iren. 1, 10, 1 [Harv. I 91, 2]; on the ascension s. CHönn, Studien zur Geschichte der Hf. im klass. Altertum: Progr. Mannheim 1910; EPfister, Der Reliquienkult im Altertum II 1912, 480ff; HDiels, Himmels u. Höllenfahrten v. Homer bis Dante: NJklA 49, 1922, 239–53; RHolland, Zur Typik der Himmelfahrt: ARW 23, 1925, 207–20; JKroll, Gott u. Hölle ’32, 533 [ind.: Ascensus]; WMichaelis, Zur Überl. der Hf.s-geschichte: ThBl 4, 1925, 101–9; AFridrichsen, D. Hf. bei Lk: ibid. 6, 1927, 337–41; GBertram, Die Hf. Jesu vom Kreuz: Deissmann Festschr. 1927, 187–217 [UHolzmeister, ZKT 55, ’31, 44–82]; HSchlier, Christus u. d. Kirche im Eph 1930, 1ff; VLarrañaga, L’Ascension de Notre-Seigneur dans le NT ’38 [fr. Spanish]. S. also at ἀνάστασις 2 end, and διά A 2a) to live there in glory: Mk 16:19; Lk 24:51; Ac 1:10f (AZwiep, The Ascension of the Messiah in Lukan Christology ’97); 2:34; 7:55f; 9:3; 22:6; 1 Pt 3:22; 15:9. Christians await his return fr. heaven: Ac 1:11; Phil 3:20; 1 Th 1:10; 4:16; 2 Th 1:7 (Just., A I, 51, 8 al.).—When Messianic woes have come to an end, τότε φανήσεται τὸ σημεῖον τοῦ υἱοῦ τ. ἀνθρώπου ἐν οὐρανῷ then the sign of the Human One (who is) in heaven will appear; acc. to the context, the sign consists in this, that he appears visibly in heavenly glory Mt 24:30.—Lampe s.v. 10b.
    ⓒ as the abode of angels (Gen 21:17; 22:11; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 8, 12; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 34 [Stone p. 8]; ParJer 3:2; ApcMos 38; Just., D. 57, 2) Mt 18:10a; 22:30; 24:36; 28:2; Mk 12:25; 13:32; Lk 2:15; 22:43; J 1:51; Gal 1:8; Rv 10:1; 18:1; 19:14; 20:1. Cp. Eph 3:15.—Lampe s.v. 7.
    ⓓ Christians who have died also dwell in heaven (cp. Dio Chrys. 23 [40], 35 οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῶν ἐν αὐτῷ θείων κ. μακαρίων αἰώνιον τάξιν; Libanius, Or. 21 p. 459, 9 F. πόρρω τοῦ τὸν οὐρανὸν οἰκοῦντος χοροῦ; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 33, 5; 12; Artem. 2, 68 p. 160, 25 τὰς ψυχὰς ἀπαλλαγείσας τῶν σωμάτων εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνιέναι τάχει χρωμένας ὑπερβάλλοντι; Himerius, Or. 8 [=23], 23: the daemon of the dead holds the σῶμα of the dead person, τὴν ψυχὴν ὁ οὐρανός; Quintus Smyrn. 7, 88; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 26 [Stone p. 54]; TestJob 39:13; ApcEsdr 7:3). Their life, τὸ ἀληθῶς ἐν οὐρανῷ ζῆν, stands in strong contrast to the ὄντως θάνατος, that leads to the everlasting fire Dg 10:7b. Rhoda, who greets Hermas from heaven Hv 1, 1, 4, need not have died (s. MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.), and still she shows us that heaven is open to the devout. Furthermore, the true citizenship of Christians is in heaven (Tat. 16, 1 τὴν ἐν οὐρανοῖς πορείαν; s. πολίτευμα) Phil 3:20; cp. Dg 5:9. Their names are enrolled in heaven (s. βίβλος 2) Lk 10:20; Hb 12:23. In heaven there await them their glorified body 2 Cor 5:1f, their reward Mt 5:12; Lk 6:23, their treasure Mt 6:20; Lk 12:33, the things they hoped for Col 1:5, their inheritance 1 Pt 1:4. It is a place of peace Lk 19:38.—ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ the New Jerusalem (s. Ἱεροσόλυμα 2) will come down to earth Rv 3:12; 21:2, 10.
    ⓔ The concept of a heaven in which God, attendant spirits of God, and the righteous dead abide, makes it easy to understand the taking over of certain OT expressions in which heaven is personified εὐφραίνεσθε οἱ οὐρανοί (cp. Is 44:23; 49:13; Mel., P. 98, 747) Rv 12:12; cp. 18:20; 9:3 (Is 1:2); 11:2 (Jer 2:12); 1 Cl 27:7 (Ps 18:2).
    ③ an indirect reference to God, God fig. ext. of 2 (s. βασιλεία 1b.—A common Hebrew practice, but not unknown among polytheists: Philippides Com. [IV/III B.C.] 27 νὴ τὸν οὐρανόν. Acc. to Clem. Al., Protr. 5, 66, 4 Θεόφραστος πῇ μὲν οὐρανὸν, πῇ δὲ πνεῦμα τὸν θεὸν ὑπονοεῖ=Theophrastus at one time thinks of God as heaven and at another time as spirit; Appian, Hann. 56 §233 σημεῖα ἐκ Διός [ln. 14 Viereck-R.]=ἐξ οὐρανοῦ [ln. 16]; JosAs 19:2; SEG XXVIII, 1251, 3 [III/IV A.D.; s. New Docs 3, 49f]). ἁμαρτάνειν εἰς τὸν οὐρ. sin against God Lk 15:18, 21. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων Mt 21:25; Mk 11:30f; Lk 20:4f. βασιλεία τῶν οὐρ. (GrBar 11:2) in Mt=βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ 3:2; 4:17; 5:3, 10, 19f; 7:21; 8:11; 10:7; 11:11f; 13:11, 24, 31, 33, 44f, 47, 52; 16:19; 18:1, 3f, 23; 19:12, 14, 23; 20:1; 22:2; 23:13; 25:1: J 3:5 v.l.; AcPl Ha 8, 31 (restored)=BMM verso 3.—B. 53; 1484. DELG. M-M. DLNT 439–43. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > οὐρανός

  • 4 Κιμωλία

    Κιμωλίᾱ, Κιμώλιος
    Cimolian earth: fem nom /voc /acc dual
    Κιμωλίᾱ, Κιμώλιος
    Cimolian earth: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)
    Κιμωλίᾱ, Κιμωλία
    Cimolian earth: fem nom /voc /acc dual
    Κιμωλίᾱ, Κιμωλία
    Cimolian earth: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)
    ——————
    Κιμωλίᾱͅ, Κιμώλιος
    Cimolian earth: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)
    Κιμωλίαι, Κιμωλία
    Cimolian earth: fem nom /voc pl
    Κιμωλίᾱͅ, Κιμωλία
    Cimolian earth: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

    Morphologia Graeca > Κιμωλία

  • 5 γῆ

    γῆ, ἡ, occasionally in Hom., freq. in Hes., and the only form in [dialect] Att. Prose for γαῖα: dual
    A

    γαῖν A.Pers. 736

    : pl. rare,

    γαῖ Arist.Pr. 934b9

    ,

    γέαι SIG279.40

     ([place name] Zelea), etc., AP9.430 (Crin.): gen.

    γεῶν Hdt.4.198

    , GDI5755.14 ([place name] Mylasa);

    γῶν BGU 993 iii 10

     (ii B. C.): acc. γέας [Democr.] 299, SIG46.3 (Halic.),

    γᾶς PTeb.6.31

     (ii B. C.), Str. 2.5.26; Cypr.

    ζᾶς Inscr.Cypr.135.30

     H.: dat. pl. γέαις prob. in CIG 2693f9 ([place name] Mylasa), LW415.9 (ibid.):— earth (including land and sea, Sapph.Supp.5.2) opp. heaven, or land opp. sea,

    Γῆ τε καὶ Ἠέλιος καὶ Ἐρινύες Il.19.259

    , cf. 3.104; τίς γῆ; Od.13.233;

    γῆς περίοδοι Hdt.4.36

    , Arist.Mete. 362b12, title of work by Hecat.: personified, Il. l.c., A.Th.69, Pers. 629, etc.; κατὰ γῆν on land, by land, opp. ναυσί, Th. 1.18; opp. ἐκ θαλάσσης, Id.2.81;

    κατὰ γῆν στέλλεσθαι X.An.5.6.5

    , etc.; ἐπὶ γῆς on earth, opp. νέρθε, S.OT 416; κατὰ γῆς below the earth, A.Ch. 377, 475, etc.;

    κάτω γῆς S.OT 968

    ;

    ὑπὸ γῆς Id.Fr. 572

    ;

    γᾶς ὑπένερθε Pi.Fr. 292

    : gen. with local Adverbs,

    ἵνα γῆς E.Andr. 168

    ; ποῦ, ποῖ, ὅποι γ., S.OT 108, Ph. 1211, El. 922;

    ὅπου γ. Ar.Av. 9

    .
    2 earth, as an element, Xenoph.27, Anaxag.4, Pl.Prt. 320d, Lg. 889b, Arist.Metaph. 989a5, Cael. 306a18, etc.
    b γῆν καὶ ὕδωρ αἰτεῖν, as tokens of submission, Hdt.5.18, Lycurg.71;

    γῆν καὶ ὕδωρ διδόναι Hdt.5.18

    , al.
    II land, country,

    καὶ γῆν καὶ πόλιν A.Eu. 993

    ; γῆν πρὸ γῆς ἐλαύνεσθαι, διώκειν, from land to land, Id.Pr. 682, Ar. Ach. 235;

    ἡ ἁγία γῆ LXX Wi.12.3

    ; one's native land, Tyrt.12.33, Thgn.1213, A.Supp. 890 (lyr.), S.OC 441, E.Ph. 1090; freq. omitted with art., ἐκ τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ (sc. γῆς)

    δραπέτας Id.Heracl. 140

    , etc.
    III the earth or ground as tilled,

    ἄροτον γῆς S.OT 270

    ; γᾶ φθίνουσα ib. 665, etc.; τὴν γῆν ἐργάζεσθαι, θεραπεύειν, till the ground, Pl.R. 420e, X.Oec.5.12;

    τὰ ἐκ τῆς γῆς φυόμενα Id.Mem.4.3.10

    .
    2 estate, farm,

    γῆν πρίασθαι Lys.32.23

    ; ἐπὶ γῇ δανείζειν lend on mortgage, D.36.6.
    IV of particular kinds of earth or minerals, e.g. fuller's earth. Thphr.Char.10.14, cf. Gal.12.168;

    Κιμωλία γ. Ar.Ra. 712

    , cf. Hp.Mul.2.189.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γῆ

  • 6 ἔρα

    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `earth', by Erot., Str. a. o. explained with γῆ, in ἔραζε, Dor. ἔρασδε `on the earth' (Il.); here ἔρας γῆς H.
    Compounds: The word is further supposed in compounds, e. g. as 2. member in πολύ-ηρος πολυάρουρος, πλούσιος H., as 1. member in ἐρεσι-μήτρην την γεωμετρίαν H.; on the last Hoffmann Festschr. Bezzenberger 82ff., who wants to read H. ἔρας γῆ and takes the word as neutr.; ἔραζε then from *ἔρασ-δε.
    Derivatives: ἐράναι βωμοί H. (Schwyzer 489; very doubtful); denomin. verb in ἀπ-εράω (s. v.) a. o. - Cf. also on ἔνεροι.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [332] * h₁er- `earth'
    Etymology: A general resemblance show a few Germanic and Celtic expressions for `earth etc.': OHG ero `earth', ONord. jǫrvi `sand(bank)', Welsh erw `field', all with u̯-suffix (old u-stem?); Goth. airÞa, ONord. jǫrđ, MIr. ert `earth'; all with t-suffix; unclear is Arm. erkir `earth'. - See Specht Ursprung 22; s. also Fraenkel Glotta 35, 79, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 247 w. n. 2. Further Pok. 332.
    Page in Frisk: 1,546-547

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔρα

  • 7 γαῖα

    γαῖα, ἡ, gen.
    A

    γαίης Hom.

     (and Antiph., v. infr.), Trag. γαίας, dat.

    γαίᾳ A.Pers. 618

    , S.Aj. 659, E.Med. 736, etc., acc. γαῖαν: nom. γαίη only in late Poets, IG14.1935, etc.; [dialect] Dor. γαίᾱ ib.803 ([place name] Naples): pl.

    γαῖαι Od.

     (v. infr.), LXX 4 Ki.18.35, al.:—poet. for γῆ, land, country, φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν to one's dear father land, Il.2.140, al.;

    γαῖάν τε τεὴν δῆμόν τε Od.8.555

    : pl.,

    οὐδέ τις ἄλλη φαίνετο γαιάων 12.404

    , D.P.882.
    2 earth, χυτὴ γ. earth thrown up to form a cairn, Il.23.256; ὦ γ. κεραμί, of potters' earth, Eub.43, cf. Sannyr.4;

    κύτος πλαστὸν ἐκ γαίης Antiph.52.3

    ; the forms γαιῶν, γαίαις, γαίας in codd. of LXX are written for γεῶν, etc.
    3 earth, as an element,

    ὑμεῖς.. ὕδωρ καὶ γ. γένοισθε Il.7.99

    ;

    ἐμοῦ θανόντος γ. μειχθήτω πυρί Trag.Adesp.513

    ;

    γαίης καὶ ὕδατος ἐκγενόμεσθα Xenoph.33

    , cf. Emp.17.18, 109.1, etc.
    II the earth, Theoc.18.20: elsewh. Γαῖα, as pr. n., Earth, Hes. Th.45, A.Eu.2, etc. (The usu. form in Hom.; used in Trag. metri gr. and by Com. in paratrag., v. supr.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γαῖα

  • 8 Κιμωλίας

    Κιμωλίᾱς, Κιμώλιος
    Cimolian earth: fem acc pl
    Κιμωλίᾱς, Κιμώλιος
    Cimolian earth: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)
    Κιμωλίᾱς, Κιμωλία
    Cimolian earth: fem acc pl
    Κιμωλίᾱς, Κιμωλία
    Cimolian earth: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

    Morphologia Graeca > Κιμωλίας

  • 9 έρα

    ἔρᾱ, ἔρα
    earth: fem nom /voc /acc dual
    ἔρᾱ, ἔρα
    earth: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)
    ἔρᾱ, ἔραμαι
    love: pres imperat mp 2nd sg (doric aeolic)
    ἔρᾱ, ἔρος 2
    wool: neut nom /voc /acc pl (doric aeolic)
    ἔρᾱ, ἐράω 1
    love: pres imperat act 2nd sg
    ἔρᾱ, ἐράω 1
    love: imperf ind act 3rd sg (homeric ionic)
    ἔρᾱ, ἐράω 2
    pour forth: pres imperat act 2nd sg
    ἔρᾱ, ἐράω 2
    pour forth: imperf ind act 3rd sg (homeric ionic)
    ——————
    ἔραι, ἔρα
    earth: fem nom /voc pl
    ἔρᾱͅ, ἔρα
    earth: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

    Morphologia Graeca > έρα

  • 10 επιχθόνιον

    ἐπιχθόνιος
    upon the earth: masc acc sg
    ἐπιχθόνιος
    upon the earth: neut nom /voc /acc sg
    ἐπιχθόνιος
    upon the earth: masc /fem acc sg
    ἐπιχθόνιος
    upon the earth: neut nom /voc /acc sg

    Morphologia Graeca > επιχθόνιον

  • 11 ἐπιχθόνιον

    ἐπιχθόνιος
    upon the earth: masc acc sg
    ἐπιχθόνιος
    upon the earth: neut nom /voc /acc sg
    ἐπιχθόνιος
    upon the earth: masc /fem acc sg
    ἐπιχθόνιος
    upon the earth: neut nom /voc /acc sg

    Morphologia Graeca > ἐπιχθόνιον

  • 12 συγχών

    συγχάζω
    fut part act masc voc sg
    συγχάζω
    fut part act neut nom /voc /acc sg
    συγχάζω
    fut part act masc nom sg (attic epic ionic)
    συγχέω
    pour together: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric)
    συγχώννυμι
    heap with earth: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)
    συγχώννυμι
    heap with earth: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)
    συγχώννυμι
    heap with earth: pres part act masc nom sg
    συγχώννυμι
    heap with earth: pres inf act (doric)

    Morphologia Graeca > συγχών

  • 13 συγχῶν

    συγχάζω
    fut part act masc voc sg
    συγχάζω
    fut part act neut nom /voc /acc sg
    συγχάζω
    fut part act masc nom sg (attic epic ionic)
    συγχέω
    pour together: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric)
    συγχώννυμι
    heap with earth: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)
    συγχώννυμι
    heap with earth: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)
    συγχώννυμι
    heap with earth: pres part act masc nom sg
    συγχώννυμι
    heap with earth: pres inf act (doric)

    Morphologia Graeca > συγχῶν

  • 14 κόσμος

    A order, κατὰ κόσμον in order, duly,

    εὖ κατὰ κ. Il.10.472

    , al.; οὐ κατὰ κ. shamefully, Od.8.179;

    μὰψ ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κ. Il. 2.214

    : freq. in dat., κόσμῳ καθίζειν to sit in order, Od.13.77, cf. Hdt.8.67;

    οὐ κ... ἐλευσόμεθα Il.12.225

    ;

    κ. θεῖναι τὰ πάντα Hdt.2.52

    , cf. 7.36, etc.;

    διάθες τάδε κ. Ar.Av. 1331

    ; κ. φέρειν bear becomingly, Pi.P.3.82;

    δέξασθαί τινα κ. A.Ag. 521

    ;

    σὺν κόσμῳ Hdt.8.86

    , Arist.Mu. 398b23;

    ἐν κόσμῳ Hp.Mul.1.3

    , Pl.Smp. 223b; κόσμῳ οὐδενὶ κοσμηθέντες in no sort of order, Hdt.9.59; φεύγειν, ἀπιέναι οὐδενὶ κ., Id.3.13, 8.60.γ, etc.;

    ἀτάκτως καὶ οὐδενὶ κ. Th.3.108

    , cf. A.Pers. 400; οὐκέτι τὸν αὐτὸν κ. no longer in the same order, Hdt.9.66; οὐδένα κ. ib.65, 69;

    ἦν δ' οὐδεὶς κ. τῶν ποιουμένων Th.3.77

    : generally, of things, natural order,

    γίνεται τῶν τεταρταίων ἡ κατάστασις ἐκ τούτου τοῦ κ. Hp. Prog.20

    .
    2 good order, good behaviour, = κοσμιότης Phld.Mus. p.43 K.; discipline, D.18.216;

    οὐ κ., ἀλλ' ἀκοσμία S.Fr. 846

    .
    3 form, fashion,

    ιππου κόσμον ἄεισον δουρατέου Od.8.492

    ;

    κ. ἐπέων ἀπατηλός Parm.8.52

    ; ἐξηγεομένων.. τὸν κ. αὐτοῦ the fashion of it, Hdt.3.22; κ. τόνδε.. ὁ καταστησάμενος who established this order or from, Id.1.99.
    4 of states, order, government,

    μεταστῆσαι τὸν κ. Th. 4.76

    , cf. 8.48, 67;

    μένειν ἐν τῷ ὀλιγαρχικῷ κ. 8.72

    , etc.; esp. of the Spartan constitution, Hdt.1.65, Clearch.3: pl.,

    πόλεων κόσμοι Pl.Prt. 322c

    .
    II ornament, decoration, esp. of women, Il.14.187, Hes.Op. 76, Hdt.5.92.

    ή; γυναικεῖος κ. Pl.R. 373c

    , etc.; of a horse, Il.4.145; of men, Hdt.3.123, A.Th. 397, etc.; γλαυκόχροα κόσμον ἐλαίας, of an olive-wreath, Pi.O.3.13, cf. 8.83, P.2.10, etc.;

    κ. κυνῶν X.Cyn.6.1

    ;

    κ. καὶ ἔπιπλα Lys.12.19

    ; κ. ἀργυροῦς a service of plate, Ath.6.231b;

    ἱερὸς κ. OGI90.40

     (Rosetta, ii B. C.): pl., ornaments, A.Ag. 1271;

    οἱ περὶ τὸ σῶμα κ. Isoc.2.32

    : metaph., of ornaments of speech, such as epithets, Id.9.9 (pl.), Arist.Rh. 1408a14, Po. 1457b2, 1458a33; ἁδυμελῆ κ. κελαδεῖν to sing sweet songs of praise, Pi.O.11 (10).13 (s.v.l.).
    2 metaph., honour, credit, Id.N.2.8, I.6(5).69; κόσμον φέρει τινί it does one credit, Hdt.8.60, 142;

    γύναι, γυναιξὶ κόσμον ἡ σιγὴ φέρει S.Aj. 293

    ;

    κ. τοῦτ' ἐστὶν ἐμοί Ar.Nu. 914

    ;

    οἷς κόσμος [ἐστὶ] καλῶς τοῦτο δρᾶν Th.1.5

    ;

    ἐν κόσμῳ καὶ τιμῇ εἶναί τινι D.60.36

    ; of persons,

    σὺ ἔμοιγε μέγιστος κ. ἔσει X.Cyr.6.4.3

    ;

    ἡ μεγαλοψυχία οἷον κ. τις τῶν ἀρετῶν Arist.EN 1124a1

    .
    III ruler, regulator, title of chief magistrate in Crete, SIG712.57, etc.; collectively, body of κόσμοι, ib.524.1; τοῦ κ. τοῖς πλίασι ib.527.74: also freq. in pl., ib.528.1, al., Arist.Pol. 1272a6, Str.10.4.18, 22; cf. κόρμος.
    IV Philos., world-order, universe, first in Pythag., acc.to Placit.2.1.1, D.L.8.48 (cf. [Philol.]21), or Parm., acc. to Thphr. ap. D.L.l.c.;

    κόσμον τόνδε οὔτε τις θεῶν οὔτε ἀνθρώπων ἐποίησεν, ἀλλ' ἦν ἀεὶ καὶ ἔστιν καὶ ἔσται πῦρ Heraclit.30

    ;

    ὁ καλούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν σοφιστῶν κ. X.Mem.1.1.11

    : freq. in Pl., Grg. 508a, Ti. 27a, al.;

    ἡ τοῦ ὅλου σύστασίς ἐστι κ. καὶ οὐρανός Arist.Cael. 280a21

    , cf. Epicur.Ep. 2p.37U., Chrysipp.Stoic.2.168, etc.;

    ὁ κ. ζῷον ἔμψυχον καὶ λογικόν Posidon.

     ap. D.L.7.139, cf. Pl.Ti. 30b: sts. of the firmament,

    γῆς ἁπάσης τῆς ὑπὸ τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένης Isoc.4.179

    ;

    ὁ περὶ τὴν γῆν ὅλος κ. Arist. Mete. 339a20

    ; μετελθεῖν εἰς τὸν ἀέναον κ., of death, OGI56.48 (Canopus, iii B. C.); but also, of earth, as opp. heaven,

    ὁ ἐπιχθόνιος κ. Herm.

     ap. Stob.1.49.44; or as opp. the underworld,

    ὁ ἄνω κ. Iamb.VP27.123

    ; of any region of the universe,

    ὁ μετάρσιος κ. Herm.

     ap. Stob.1.49.44; of the sphere whose centre is the earth's centre and radius the straight line joining earth and sun, Archim.Aren.4; of the sphere containing the fixed stars, Pl.Epin. 987b: in pl., worlds, coexistent or successive, Anaximand. et alii ap.Placit.2.1.3, cf. Epicur.l.c.; also, of stars,

    Νὺξ μεγάλων κ. κτεάτειρα A.Ag. 356

     (anap.), cf. Heraclid.et Pythagorei ap.Placit.2.13.15 (= Orph.Fr.22); οἱ ἑπτὰ κ. the Seven planets, Corp.Herm.11.7.
    2 metaph., microcosm,

    ἄνθρωπος μικρὸς κ. Democr. 34

    ;

    ἄνθρωπος βραχὺς κ. Ph.2.155

    ; of living beings in general,

    τὸ ζῷον οἷον μικρόν τινα κ. εἶναί φασιν ἄνδρες παλαιοί Gal.UP3.10

    .
    3 in later Gr., = οἰκουμένη, the known or inhabited world, OGI458.40 (9 B.C.), Ep.Rom.1.8, etc.; ὁ τοῦ παντὸς κ. κύριος, of Nero, SIG814.31, cf. IGRom.4.982 ([place name] Samos);

    ἐὰν τὸν κ. ὅλον κερδήσῃ Ev.Matt.16.26

    .
    4 men in general,

    φανέρωσον σεαυτὸν τῷ κ. Ev.Jo.7.4

    , cf. 12.19; esp. of the world as estranged from God by sin, ib.16.20, 17.9, al., 1 Ep.Cor. 1.21, etc.
    5 οὗτος ὁ κ. this present world, i.e. earth, opp. heaven, Ev.Jo.13.1; regarded as the kingdom of evil, ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κ. τούτου ib.12.31.
    V Pythag.name for six, Theol.Ar.37; for ten, ib.59.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κόσμος

  • 15 χθόνιος

    χθόνιος, α, ον, also ος, ον S.OC 1727 (lyr.), E.Hipp. 1201, Hel. 345 (lyr.): ([etym.] χθών):—
    A in, under, or beneath the earth, θεός, δαίμων, Hes.Th. 767, A.Th. 522 (lyr.); Ἄϊδα στόμα, of the cavern at Taenarus, Pi.P.4.43, cf. S.OC 1727 (lyr.);

    χ. λίμνη E.Alc. 902

     (anap.); Ζεὺς χ., of Hades or Pluto, Hes.Op. 465; κτύπησε Ζεὺς χ., of noise from beneath the earth, S.OC 1606;

    βροντήματα χ. A.Pr. 994

    ;

    ἠχὼ χ. ὡς βροντὴ Διός E.Hipp.

     l.c., cf. Ar.Av. 1750 (lyr.); χ. θεοί gods of the nether world, opp. ὕπατοι, A.Ag.89 (anap.), etc.;

    χ. δαίμονες Id.Pers. 628

     (anap.); χθόνιοι alone,

    μᾶνις χθονίων Pi.P.4.159

    , cf. A.Pers. 641 (lyr.), Ch. 399 (lyr.), al., Pl.Lg. 828c, 959d (but [dialect] Ion. χθονίη, ἡ, earlier name of Γῆ, Pherecyd.Syr.1, cf. Dam.Pr. 124bis; χ. θεαί, i.e. Demeter and Persephone, Hdt.6.134, 7.153; of the Erinyes, S.OC 1568 (lyr.); χ. Ἅιδας, Ἅιδης, E.Alc. 237 (lyr.), Andr. 544 (anap.); χ. Ἑρμῆς, as conductor of the dead, A.Ch.1, S.El. 111 (anap.), Aj. 832, Ar.Ra. 1145, Plu.Arist.21; χ. πορεία, opp. οὐρανία, Pl.R. 619e; χθονίᾳ φρενί, of the dead, Pi.P.5.101;

    χ. Ἑκάτη Ar.Fr. 500

     (anap.); χάρις ἡ χ. grace with the gods below, S.OC 1752 (lyr.); χ. φάμα rumour that is heard in the world below, Id.El. 1066 (lyr.).
    II sprung from the earth,

    Τιτῆνες Hes.Th. 697

    ; of Echion, one of the Theban γηγενεῖς, E.Ba. 541 (lyr.), cf. Paus.9.5.3, etc.; but also of mankind, ὁ χ. ἄνθρωπος, opp. ὁ ἐν οὐρανῷ.. λαχὼν τὴν ὑπόστασιν, Procl. in Prm.p.765 S. Adv. χθονίως in an earthly manner, opp. οὐρανίως, Id.Sacr. p.148 B.
    2 in or of the country, θεοί, ἡρῷσσαι, E.Hec.79 (anap.), A.R.4.1322; native,

    Ἄρεος.. πάγον.. ξυνῄδη χθόνιον ὄντα S.OC 948

    ;

    γενεᾶς χθονίων ἀπ' Ἐρεχθειδᾶν Id.Aj. 202

     (anap.).
    III of things, of the earth, χ. κόνις (sed leg. γαΐα, Hsch.), A.Th. 736 (codd., lyr.); opp. ἀέριος, E.Fr.27.4 (lyr.);

    πρηστήρ Arist.Mu. 395a10

    .—Poet. word, used once or twice in Pl. and in late Prose (v. supr.).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χθόνιος

  • 16 χθών

    χθών, ἡ, gen. χθονός,
    A earth, esp. the surface of it (rarely soil,

    χθονὸς τρίμοιρον χλαῖναν A.Ag. 872

    ): poet. word (Com. only in lyr. or paratrag.), very rare in Prose, LXX 3 Ki.14.15 (cod. Alex.), Supp.Epigr. 2.520 ([place name] Rome); seldom with Art. (only when an Adj. is added, v. infr. 11);

    ἀπὸ χ. ὑψόσ' ἀερθείς Od.8.375

    , cf. 10.149, Il.14.349;

    ἐξ ἵππων ἀποβάντες ἐπὶ χθόνα 8.492

    , cf. 11.619;

    ἐπὶ χθονὶ κεῖτο τανυσθείς 20.483

    ;

    κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ χθονί 6.473

    , cf. 3.89;

    χθονὶ φύλλα πελάσσαι 13.180

    ; ἐπὶ χ., opp. οὐρανῷ, 4.443;

    ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο 1.88

    ;

    ἐπὶ χ. σῖτον ἔδοντες Od.8.222

    , etc.;

    τοὶ ἐπὶ χ. ναιετάουσι 6.153

    ;

    ἄριστον ἄνδρα τῶν ἐπὶ χ. S.Tr. 811

    ; χθόνα δύμεναι to go beneath the earth, i.e. to die, Il.6.411, Hes.Sc. 151; ἐτέθαπτο ὑπὸ

    χθονός Od.11.52

    ; κεκευθὼς ὑπὸ χθονὸς buried, A.Th. 588;

    κατὰ χθονὸς κρύψαι τινά S.Ant.24

    , cf. OC 1546 ([voice] Pass.);

    χθονὶ γυῖα καλύψαιμι Pi.N.8.38

    ;

    κούφα σοι χ. ἐπάνωθε πέσοι E.Alc. 463

     (lyr.); opp. θάλασσα, A.Ag. 576; ὑπὸ χθονός, of the nether world,

    Τάρταρον.., ἧχι βάθιστον ὑπὸ χ. ἐστι βέρεθρον Il.8.14

    ;

    κάτω μελαίνας χ. Alc.Supp.7.10

    , cf. A.Eu.72; οἱ ὑπὸ χ. φίλοι, i.e. those in the shades below, Id.Ch. 833 (lyr.), cf. S.Ant.65; ὦ κατὰ χθονὸς θεαί, i.e. the Erinyes, A.Eu. 115; εἰς τοὺς ἔνερθε καὶ κάτω χ. τόπους ib. 1023.
    2 earth, i.e. the world, Id.Pr. 139 (anap.), Ag. 528;

    ἐπ' ἔσχατα χθονός S.Fr. 956

    .
    3 Earth, as a goddess, A.Pr. 207, Eu.6.
    II land, country, once in Hom., εἴσατο δὲ χ., of Ithaca, Od. 13.352; πολύμηλος χ., of Libya, Pi.P.9.7; εὔκαρπος χ., of Sicily, Id.N.1.14; freq. in Trag., freq. without Art., χ. Ἀσιᾶτις, Φωκέων, A.Pers.61 (anap.), 485; with Art.,

    πᾶσαν τὴν Μυκηναίων χθόνα S.El. 423

    ;

    τῆς περιρρύτου χ. Αήμνου Id.Ph.1

    ;

    τὴν Κορινθίαν χ. Id.OT 795

    ;

    τὴν ἐμὴν χ. Id.Aj. 846

    ; τῆς Ἀθηναίων χ. (paratrag.) Ephipp. 14.13; even of a city,

    τῆσδε δημοῦχοι χ. S.OC 1348

    ;

    νόμους χθονός Id.Ant. 368

     (lyr.), cf. OT 736, 939; Com.,

    ὦ πόλι φίλη Κέκροπος,.. οὖθαρ ἀγαθῆς χθονός Ar.Fr. 110

     (lyr.);

    ξένης ἀπὸ χ. Eup.71

     (paratrag.). (Cf. Skt. loc. k[ snull ] ámi 'on the ground', Hittite tegan 'ground', Tocharian tkan- 'place', Ir. dū 'place' (acc. don, dat. dun).)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χθών

  • 17 χόω

    χόω, [ per.] 3sg. χοῖ ([etym.] προς-) Th.2.102, [ per.] 3pl.
    A

    χοῦσι Hdt.4.71

    ; inf.

    χοῦν Id.2.137

    ; part.

    χῶν Id.1.162

    : [tense] impf.

    ἔχουν Th.2.75

    , etc.: later [full] χώννυμι, [suff] χορῳδ-ύω (qq. v.): [tense] fut.

    χώσω S.Ant.81

    , etc.: [tense] aor.

    ἔχωσα Hdt.2.140

    , PTeb.799.16 (ii B. C.), etc. (Cret.[ per.] 3pl.

    ἔχουσαν GDI5056.6

     ([place name] Istron)): [tense] pf. κέχωκα ([etym.] ἀνα-) D.55.28:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor.

    ἐχωσάμην Luc.DDeor. 14.2

    , Philostr.VA4.10:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

    χωσθήσομαι E.IA 1442

    , ([etym.] ἐγ-) Plb.4.40.4: [tense] aor. ἐχώσθην (v. infr.); also ἐχώθην ([etym.] συν-) IG4.823.30 (Troezen, iv B. C.): [tense] pf.

    κέχωσμαι Pl.Com.183

    , Th.2.102, ([etym.] ἐκ-, συγ-) Hdt.2.138, 8.144:— throw or heap up, of earth,

    χοῦσι χῶμα μέγα Id.4.71

    ;

    χώματα χοῦν Id.2.137

    , Pl.Lg. 958e; χώματα χῶν πρὸς τὰ τείχεα throwing up banks against.., Hdt.1.162;

    χῶμα ἔχουν πρὸς τὴν πόλιν Th.2.75

    ; νῆσον χώσας σποδῷ having formed an island with heaped up ashes, Hdt.2.140; esp. of a sepulchral mound,

    χῶσαι τάφον Id.9.85

    , S.Ant.81; τύμβον ib. 1204, E.IT 702, IA 1442 ([voice] Pass.);

    μνῆμα X.Cyr.7.3.11

    ; πολυάνδρια (cf.

    - άνδριος 11.2

    ), Plu.Eum.9.
    2 block up by throwing earth in,

    λιμένας D.25.84

    , cf. Aeschin.3.109 (s. v.l.);

    χ. φορμοῖς τὰς τάφρους Plb.1.19.13

    :—[voice] Pass., to be filled with earth, esp. of bays in the sea, to be silted up,

    πορθμοῦ χωσθέντος Emp.100.17

    ; τί μιν (sc. τὸν κόλπον)

    κωλύει.. χωσθῆναι; Hdt.2.11

    ; but of cities, to be raised on mounds, ib. 137.
    3 less freq., cover with earth, bury,

    χῶσαί τινα τάφῳ E.Or. 1585

    , cf. Pl.Lg. 947e, IG5(1).1249.17 ([place name] Laconia), cf. χώννυμι fin.
    4 [ὁ τρωγλοδύτης] ταριχεύεται καλῶς.. χωσθεὶς εἰς ἅλας covered over with salt, Aët.11.11.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χόω

  • 18 γαῖα

    γαῖα neen
    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `earth' (Il.).
    Compounds: Dor. γαιάοχος, Lac. γαιάϜοχος, ep. γαιήοχος epithet of Poseidon, s. v. ἐννοσίγαιος (Il.; s.v.). ἀνώγαιον upper floor of a house, granary; also ἀνόκαιον ὑπέρῳον, γράφεται καὶ ἀνώγεων H.; perhaps the form with - ο- is the original form, the other being due to folketymology
    Derivatives: Rare: γαιήϊος `from the earth' (Od.; with -ήϊος, Chantr. Form. 52); γαιών `heap of earth' (Tab. Heracl. 1, 136) beside γαεών (IG 14, 322 II 83, Halaesa); γαιόω `change into earth' (Tz.).
    Etymology: Unknown; see on γῆ.
    Page in Frisk: 1,282

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γαῖα

  • 19 γῆ

    γῆ
    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `earth' (Il.)
    Other forms: Dor. γᾶ, Cypr. ζα (uncertain, s. Lejeune BSL 50 (1954). Ion. plur. γέαι innovation (Schwyzer 473 A. 4, Schwyzer-Debrunner 51, K. Meister HK 172, 253)
    Dialectal forms: Myc. In the Thebes tablets occurs maka, interpreted as \/Mā Gā\/ `Mother Earth' (e.g. Avrantinos-Godart-Sacconi, Thèbes...Les tablettes, 2001).
    Compounds: Often as first member γη- ( γα-), mostly γεω- from γη-ο- (late also γε-η- from γη-η-, γε-ο- and γειο- after - γειος \< - γη-ιος): γη-γενής `earthborn' (Ion.-Att.), γή-λοφος (Pl.), γεώ-λοφος (X.) `earthhill', γεωμετρία, - ίη `field-measuring' (Ion.-Att.), γεωργός `peasant' (Ion.-Att.) \< γη(-ο)-Ϝοργός or - Ϝεργός, cf. γαβεργός \<ὁ\> ἀγροῦ μισθωτής. Λάκωνες H. - I think the word goes back on * gaya, which was (very) early contracted to *gā; see Beekes, Pre-Greek under suffix - αι-.
    Derivatives: Demin. γῄδιον (Ar.); adj. γήϊνος `earthen' (Ion.-Att.), Dor. γάϊνος, γεώδης (Pl.), γεηρός (Hp., cf. s. ἐγγαροῦντες); rare γῄτης (S. Tr. 32) `peasant', cf. γαϊ̃ται γεωργοί H. and Redard Les noms grecs en - της 36; denomin. γεόομαι `become earth' (D. S.)
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Unknown. Wrong Meier-Brügger, MSS 53 (1992) 113-6 (to *ǵenh₁- `beget'). Prob. to γαῖα, both Pre-Greek words. On possible Δα`Earth' see δᾶ and Δημήτηρ) and Ποσειδᾱ́ων (q.vv.); rather doubtful. For δ-\/γ- cf. γέφυρα\/ δέφυρα and Fur. 388f. I think the word goes back on * gaya, which was (very) early contracted to *gā; see Beekes, Pre-Greek under suffix - αι-. - Cf. also γέγειος.
    Page in Frisk: 1,303

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γῆ

  • 20 ἔνερθε(ν)

    ἔνερθε(ν)
    Grammatical information: adv., prep.
    Meaning: `(from) below, below'.
    Other forms: also νέρθε(ν) (Hom.), ἔνερθα (Dor. Lesb.)
    Compounds: Also ὑπ-, ἐπ-ένερθε(ν). See Lejeune Les adv. en - θεν, esp. 341ff.
    Derivatives: Compare ἔνεροι `those below, those below the earth', of the dead and the gods below the earth (Hom.), ἐνέρτερος, νέρτερος `below (the earth)' (Hom.), sup. ἐνέρτατος `the lowest' (Emp.).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [765] * ner-(ter-o-) `the one below'
    Etymology: Cf. the opposites ὕπερ-θε(ν), ὑπέρ-τερος, - τατος, to ὑπέρ; also ὕπερον, ὑπέρα (s. vv.). - A good formal agreement to νέρτερος gives Italic in Umbr. nertru `sinistro', Osc. nertra-k `a sinistra'. One compares further Germanic words for `north', e. g. OWNo. norđr n., which requires zero grade: PGm. *núrÞra-, IE *nr̥tro-. Basic meaning: `region where the sun is below', or `left side of someone who prays when turning to the east'. Another formation in Arm. ner-k`-in `the one below' (cf. i nerk`oy, i nerk` ust `(from) below'). Diff. again is Skt. naraka- `hell' (Wackernagel-Debrunner Ai. Gramm. II: 2, 150). Without consonantal suffix Toch. B ñor `below'; also A ñare, B nray, nrey `world below, hell' rather LW [loanword] from Skt.. niraya- `id.'; cf. Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 180. - As Armenian has no e-, this may be a Greek innovation. (Improbable Bezzenberger BB 27, 174, Güntert IF 27, 49 and Sonne KZ 14, 11: ἔν ἔρᾳι = in the earth). - Further to Lith. neriù, ner̃ti `dive in, slip in' etc. (s. δενδρύω)? S. also νειρός. - The e- may be compared with that of ἐκεῖ?
    Page in Frisk: 1,514-515

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔνερθε(ν)

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