511

cōpĭa, ae, f. [co-ops], abundant power, wealth, riches, abundance (very freq. in all periods and species of composition).

Of material objects.

Of possessions, resources, wealth, supplies, riches, prosperity (syn.: divitiae, opes;

opp. inopia): pro re nitorem et gloriam pro copiā,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 5: divitiarum fructus in copiā est;

copiam autem declarat satietas rerum et abundantia,

Cic. Par. 6, 2, 47; Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 32:

copiis rei familiaris locupletes et pecuniosi,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

utrum copiane sit agri, vectigalium, pecuniae, an penuria,

id. Inv. 2, 39, 115:

frugum,

id. Dom. 7, 17: publicani suas rationes et copias in illam provinciam contulerunt, id. Imp. Pomp. [p. 467] 7, 17:

circumfluere omnibus copiis atque in omnium rerum abundantiā vivere,

id. Lael. 15, 52 and 55; id. Deiot. 5, 14; Caes. B. G. 4, 4 fin.; Hor. C. 3, 29, 9:

Plenior ut si quos delectet copia justo,

id. S. 1, 1, 57:

Si recte frueris non est ut copia major Ab Jove donari possit tibi,

id. Ep. 1, 12, 2; Ov. M. 8, 838:

exercitus omnium rerum abundabat copiā,

Caes. B. C. 1, 49:

abundans omni copiā rerum est regio,

Liv. 29, 25, 12: bonam copiam ejurare, to abjure property, i. e. to declare one's self exempt through poverty, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7.— Poet.:

omnis copia narium ( = luxus odorum, Schol.),

Hor. C. 2, 15, 6.—

In respect to other objects, fulness, copiousness, multitude, number, abundance:

meretricum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 34:

tanta copia venustatum aderat,

id. Poen. 5, 4, 5:

quorum (librorum) habeo Antii festivam copiam,

Cic. Att. 2, 6, 1:

tanta copia virorum fortium atque innocentium,

id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; cf.:

tanta doctissimorum hominum,

Sall. H. 1, 1 Dietsch:

magna latronum in eā regione,

id. C. 28, 4:

tubicinum,

id. J. 93, 8:

procorum,

Ov. M. 10, 356:

nimborum,

Lucr. 6, 511 et saep.—

In milit. lang. copia, and far more freq. in plur. copiae, ārum, men, troops, forces, army.

Sing.:

omnis armatorum copia,

Cic. Att. 13, 52, 2:

eā copiā, quam secum eduxit, se hanc civitatem oppressurum arbitratur,

id. Mur. 37, 78:

ex omni copiā eligere aliquos,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48; id. B. C. 1, 45; Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 3; Sall. C. 56, 2 Kritz; 61, 5.—

More freq. plur., orig. of a body of troops as made up of smaller bodies; cf. Engi. troops; the forces, troops, etc.:

armare quam maximas copias,

Sall. J. 13, 1:

copias secum adducere,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 17; cf.:

in angustum oppido nunc meae coguntur copiae,

id. Heaut. 4, 2, 2: cogere copias Brundusium, Cn. Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 3; id. Fam. 3, 3, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 11; 1, 12; 1, 13; 1, 25; Nep. Them. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 8, 2; Liv. 40, 44, 3 et saep.—

Of immaterial objects, fulness, copiousness, multitude, abundance.

In gen.:

Quam tibi de quāvis unā re versibus omnis argumentorum sit copia missa per auris,

Lucr. 1, 417:

rerum copia verborum copiam gignit,

Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 125; cf.

rerum,

Sall. C. 2, 10; Quint. 7, prooem. §

1: inventionis,

id. 11, 3, 56:

orationis,

id. 4, 2, 117:

sermonis,

id. 8, 6, 5:

abundare debet orator exemplorum copiā,

id. 12, 4, 1:

tanta facultas dicendi vel copia,

Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 10:

verborum,

Quint. 1, 8, 8:

in dicendo ubertas et copia,

Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 50:

dicendi,

id. Red. Sen. 1, 1; id. Top. 18, 67; Quint. 10, 6, 6; and so of fulness in expression, absol., copia, Cic. Brut. 11, 44; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3; Quint. 1, 8, 17:

copias eloquentiae ponere in medio,

id. 7, 10, 15:

Platonis,

id. 10, 1, 108:

Senecae,

id. 12, 10, 11.—

Esp., in reference to action, ability, power, might, opportunity, facilities, means of doing a thing.

With gen. gerund.:

ut mi ejus facias conveniundi copiam,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 90; so,

facere,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 29; cf.

dare,

id. ib. 28; Verg. A. 1, 520 al.:

edundi,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 72:

cunctandi,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 58:

illius inspectandi,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 84:

societatis amicitiaeque conjungendae,

Sall. J. 83, 1 al. —

With inf.:

quibus in otio vel magnifice vel molliter vivere copia erat,

Sall. C. 17, 6; so Cat. 64, 366. —

With ut:

cum copiam istam mihi et potestatem facis, ut ego, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 14; id. Mil. 3, 1, 174; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 87 al.—

Absol.:

neque edepol facio: neque, si cupiam, copia est,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 76; id. Trin. 1, 2, 98 al.:

ne quam aliam quaerat copiam ac te deserat,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 54; cf. Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 22.—So pro copiā, according to one's ability, as one is able: volo habere hic aratiunculam pro copiā hic aput vos. Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 46:

pro copiā supplicare Lari familiari,

Cato, R. R. 143, 2:

dona pro copiā portantes,

Liv. 26, 11, 9:

in vehiculis pro copiā cujusque adornatīs,

Curt. 9, 10, 26.—Esp. with the implication that one can do little: pro eā copiā quae Athenis erat, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 3:

pro rei copiā,

Sall. J. 90, 1:

ludi funebres additi pro copiā provinciali et castrensi apparatu,

Liv. 28, 21, 10:

iudos pro temporis hujus copiā magnifici apparatus fecerunt,

id. 27, 6, 19. —

Access to a person, with gen.: quando ejus copia est. Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 45; cf.:

obsecrat, ut sibi ejus faciat copiam,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 63.

Cōpĭa, ac, f.

The goddess of abundance, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 46:

bona,

Ov. M. 9, 88:

opulenta,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 16; id. C. S. 60 al.—

An appellation of the town Lugdunum (Lyons), in Gaul, Inscr. Orell. 194; 2325.—

Hence, COPIENSIS,

Inscr. Murat. 753, 3.

damno (in vulg. lang. and late Lat. sometimes dampno), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [damnum].

Gen., to occasion loss or damage to, to harm, damage = damno [p. 511] afficere:

pauperibus parcere, divites damnare atque domare,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 10.—

Esp. [cf. damnum, II.] a judicial t. t., to condemn, doom, sentence one to any punishment = condemno, v. Cic. Or. 49, 166 (opp. to absolvere, liberare, dimittere; cf. also condemno, culpo, improbo; common and classical).—Constr. with acc. of person, either alone or with gen., abl., de, in, ad, etc., of the crime and punishment: damnatur aliquis crimine vel judicio, sed sceleris, parricidii, etc., Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, p. 273 sq.; cf. Munro, ad Lucr. 4, 1183: Zumpt, Gr. § 446 sq.; Roby, Gr. § 1199 sq.

With acc. pers. alone:

ergo ille damnatus est: neque solum primis sententiis, quibus tantum statuebant judices, damnarent an absolverent, sed etiam illis, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231; id. Rosc. Am. 39, 114:

censoris judicium nihil fere damnato nisi ruborem affert,

id. Rep. 4, 6 (fragm. ap. Non. 24, 9): ego accusavi, vos damnastis, Dom. Afer ap. Quint. 5, 10, 79 et saep. — Transf., of things: causa judicata atque damnata, Cic. Rab. perd. 4; id. Clu. 3.—

With acc. pers. and gen. ( criminis or poenae):

ambitus damnati,

Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 4; Cic. Brut. 48 fin.:

furti,

id. Flacc. 18, 43:

injuriarum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 41 fin.:

majestatis,

id. Phil. 1, 9, 23:

peculatus,

id. Verr. 1, 13, 39:

rei capitalis,

id. de Sen. 12, 42;

sceleris conjurationisque,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 5 Zumpt N. cr., et saep.:

capitis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 83, 4; 3, 110, 4:

octupli,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 11, § 28:

absentem capitalis poenae,

Liv. 42, 43, 9; cf.:

crimine falso damnari mortis,

Verg. A. 6, 430.—

With abl.:

ut is eo crimine damnaretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45; so,

capite,

id. Tusc. 1, 22 al.:

morte,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 888:

tertiā parte agri,

Liv. 10, 1, 3:

pecuniā,

Just. 8, 1, 7; cf.:

Milo Clodio interfecto eo nomine erat damnatus,

on that account, Caes. B. C. 3, 21, 4; morti (abl.) damnare, Liv. 4, 37, 6, v. Weissenb. ad loc.—

With de:

de majestate damnatus,

Cic. Verr. 1, 13, 39:

de vi et de majestate,

id. Phil. 1, 9:

de vi publica,

Tac. A. 4, 13 al.; cf.

quibus de causis damnati,

Val. Max. 8, 1 init. —

With in or ad:

nec in metallum damnabuntur, nec in opus publicum, vel ad bestias,

Dig. 49, 18, 3:

ad mortem,

Tac. A. 16, 21;

ad extremum supplicium,

id. ib. 6, 38: Suet. Cal. 27; id. Ner. 31.—

With ut, Tac. A. 2, 67.—

With quod:

Athenienses Socratem damnaverunt quod novam religionem introducere videbatur,

Val. Max. 1, 1, 7, ext. 7:

Baebius est damnatus, quod milites praebuisset, etc.,

Liv. 45, 31, 2.—

With cur:

damnabantur cur jocati essent,

Spart. Sev. 14, § 13.

Transf.

To bind or oblige one's heir by last will and testament to the performance of any act.—Constr. with ut, ne, or the inf.:

si damnaverit heredem suum, ut, etc.,

Dig. 12, 6, 26; with ne, ib. 8, 4, 16; with inf.:

heredem dare, etc.,

ib. 30, 12: Hor. S. 2, 3, 86.

In a non-legal sense, to condemn, censure, judge: (with acc. pers. and gen. or abl.) aliquem summae stultitiae, Cic. Part. 38, 134:

damnatus longi Sisyphus laboris,

Hor. Od. 2, 14, 19:

stultitiaeque ibi se damnet (amator),

Lucr. 4, 1179: damnare aliquem voti ( poet. and late Lat., voto, votis), to condemn one to fulfil his vow, i. e. by granting his prayer (not in Cic.):

damnabis tu quoque votis,

Verg. E. 5, 80, Serv. and Heyne: voto, Sisenn. ap. Non. 277, 11:

voti,

Liv. 10, 37 fin.; 27, 45:

voto damnatus,

Hyg. Astr. 2, 24; Lact. Fab. 10, 8 (cf.: voti, Titin. and Turpil. ap. Non. 277, 6 and 10; Titin. Fr. 153;

Turpil. Fr. 128 Ribb.): morti,

Lucr. 6, 1231; cf.:

Stygio caput damnaverat Orco,

Verg. A. 4, 699:

damnati turis acervi,

devoted to the gods below, Stat. S. 2, 21 et saep.; cf.

also: quem damnet (sc. leto) labor,

Verg. A. 12, 727 Heyne:

damnare eum Senecam et invisum quoque habere,

to condemn, censure, disapprove, Quint. 10, 1, 125:

videntur magnopere damnandi, qui, etc.,

id. 5, 1, 2:

debitori suo creditor saepe damnatur,

Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 4.—Of inanimate objects, to condemn, reject:

ne damnent quae non intelligunt,

id. 10, 1, 26; cf. id. 10, 4, 2; 11, 3, 70 et saep.— Part. fut. pass. as subst.:

quem non puduisset damnanda committere,

Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 5.

Of the plaintiff, to seek or effect a person's condemnation (rare): quem ad recuperatores modo damnavit Plesidippus, Plaut. Rud. 5, 1, 2; Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6:

Verrem, quem M. Cicero damnaverat,

Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 6; Liv. 7, 16, 9; cf. condemno, no. II., and condemnator, no. II.—Hence,damnātus, a, um, P. a.

Prop., condemned:

dicet damnatas ignea testa manus,

Prop. 5, 7, 38.—

Meton. (effectus pro causa), reprobate, criminal:

quis te miserior? quis te damnatior?

Cic. Pis. 40:

damnati lingua vocem habet, vim non habet,

Pub. Syr. 142 (Ribb.).—

Hateful, wretched:

damnatae noctes,

Prop. 4, 12 (5, 11 M.), 15.

densus, a, um, adj. [kindred with dasus, daulos (i. e. dasulos); cf. Lat. dumus, old form dusmus, and dumetum], thick, dense, i. e. consisting of parts crowded together. opp. to rarus (on the contrary, crassus, thick, is opp. to thin, fluid; and spissus, close, compact, with the predominant idea of impenetrability; cf. also: angustus, artus, solidus—class. and freq., esp. in poets and historians; in Cic. very rare).

Lit.

In space:

ne dum variantia rerum Tanta queat densis rarisque ex ignibus esse,

Lucr. 1, 654; cf. Verg. G. 1, 419 (for which densatus et laxatus aër, Quint. 5, 9, 16); and:

(terra) Rara sit an supra morem si densa requiras... Densa magis Cereri, rarissima quaeque Lyaeo,

Verg. G. 2, 227 sq.: densa et glutinosa terra, Col. praef. § 24: silva, poëta ap. Cic. Att. 12, 15; cf.:

densiores silvae,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29, 2:

densissimae silvae,

id. ib. 4, 38, 3:

lucus densissimae opacitatis,

Front. Strat. 1, 11, 10:

denso corpore nubes,

Lucr. 6, 361; cf.:

denso agmine,

id. 6, 100; so,

agmen (sc. navium),

Verg. A. 5, 834:

densum umeris vulgus,

Hor. Od. 2, 13, 32 et saep.:

tunicae,

Plin. 11, 23, 27, § 77:

zmaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68:

litus,

sandy, Ov. M. 2, 576; cf. Verg. G. 2, 275:

aequor,

i. e. frozen. Luc. 2, 640:

aër,

Hor. Od. 2, 7, 14; cf.

caelum,

Cels. 1 praef.; 3, 22:

nimbi,

Ov. M. 1, 269:

caligo,

Verg. A. 12, 466; cf.:

densissima nox,

pitch-dark night, Ov. M. 15, 31: umbra, Catull. 65, 13; Hor. Od. 1, 7, 20 et saep.—

Without distinction, corresp. with crassus,

Lucr. 6, 246 al. —

Poet. with abl., thickly set with, covered with, full of: loca silvestribus sepibus densa, poëta ap. Cic. N. D. 1, 42 fin.; cf.:

specus virgis ac vimine,

Ov. M. 3, 29:

vallis piceis et acuta cupressu,

id. ib. 3, 155:

Thybris verticibus,

id. F. 6, 502:

ficus pomis,

id. ib. 2, 253:

corpora setis,

id. M. 13, 846; cf. id. Am. 3, 1, 32:

femina crinibus emptis,

id. A. A. 3, 165:

funale lampadibus,

id. M. 12, 247: trames [p. 547] caligine opaca (coupled with obscurus), id. ib. 10, 54 et saep.—

Transf., of the parts themselves which are crowded together, thick, close, set close:

superiorem partem collis densissimis castris (sc. trinis) compleverant,

pitched very near together, Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

sepes,

id. ib. 2, 22:

frutices,

Ov. M. 1, 122:

ilex,

id. F. 2, 165 et saep.:

hostes,

Verg. A. 2, 511:

ministri,

id. M. 2, 717:

densior suboles,

Verg. G. 3, 308:

dens (pectinis),

Tib. 1, 9, 68:

comae,

Ov. Am. 1, 14, 42; cf.

pilae,

id. F. 2, 348 et saep.— Poet.:

densorum turba malorum,

Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 41.—

In time, of things which take place in close succession, thick, frequent, continuous (mostly poet.):

ictus,

Verg. A. 5, 459; cf.

plagae,

Hor. Od. 3, 5, 31:

Aquilo,

strong, powerful, Verg. G. 3, 196:

silentia,

deep, profound, Val. Fl. 3, 604:

amores,

Verg. G. 4, 347:

pericula,

Ov. P. 4, 7, 15:

usus,

id. ib. 4, 3, 15:

ictus,

Amm. 15, 5, 31. —

Trop. of speech, condensed, concise:

vox atrox in ira, et aspera ac densa,

coarse, Quint. 11, 3, 63:

tanta vis in eo (sc. Demosthene) tam densa omnia, etc.,

id. 10, 1, 76; cf. transf. to the writer himself: densior ille (sc. Demosthenes), hic (sc. Cicero) copiosior, ib. § 106: densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides, ib. § 73: (Euripides) sententiis densus, ib. § 68.— Adv.: densē (very rare).

In space, thickly, closely, close together:

caesae alni,

Plin. 16, 37, 67, § 173:

calcatum quam densissime,

Vitr. 5, 12 med.:

milites densius se commovebant,

Amm. 24, 6, 8.—

(Acc. to no. I. B. 2.) In time, frequently, rapidly, one after the other:

quod in perpetuitate dicendi eluceat aliquando, idem apud alios densius, apud alios fortasse rarius,

Cic. Or. 2, 7:

nulla tamen subeunt mihi tempora densius istis,

Ov. P. 1, 9, 11:

replicatis quaestionibus dense,

Amm. 29, 3 fin.

dē-sŭper, adv., from above, from overhead (repeatedly in the historians and poets;

not in Cic.): qui in phalangas insilirent et desuper vulnerarent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 5 (a false reading in Caes. B. C. 1, 79, 2; but v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 6, 511; cf. Tac. A. 2, 16):

aprum jaculis desuper petit,

Suet. Tib. 72; Sen. Ep. 74:

desuper atrum nemus imminet,

Verg. A. 1, 165; 2, 47; 4, 122 al.:

nunc desuper Alpis colles abripimur,

Luc. 1, 688 (the construction as just before: feros Libyen; and Verg. E. 1, 65: sitientes ibimus Afros).—

Without the idea of motion, above ( poet. and late):

desuper extentas imposuere togas,

Ov. F. 3, 529; Sil. 1, 349; Flor. 3, 2, 6; Just. 21, 6, 6; Vulg. Matt. 21, 7 et saep.

Dĭāna (in inscrr. also, DEANA, Orell. 1453; 1462; 1546. Also written Jana, Varr. R. R. 1, 37, 3; cf. Nigid. ap. Macr. S. 1, 9. The i measured long, Cinna ap. Suet. Gramm. 11; Verg. A. 1, 499; Hor. C. 1, 21, 1; cf. Diom. p. 436 P.; hence also, Deiana, Enn. ap. Ap. de Deo Socr.), ae, f. [for Divana, Gr. Diônê for DiWônê; root DI-, DIV-; cf. Gr. Zeus, also Jovis (Diovis), Deus, dies, divus, etc.], orig. an Italian divinity, afterwards regarded as identical with the Gr. Artemis, the daughter of Jupiter and Latona, the sister of Apollo, the virgin moon-goddess (Luna), the patroness of virginity, and the presider over child-birth (in this character she is called Lucina), the chase, and nocturnal incantations (on this account her statues were three-formed, and set up in the trivia), Cic. N. D. 2, 27; 3, 23; Catull. 34; Hor. Od. 3, 22; id. Carm. Sec. 1; 70; Tib. 4, 3, 19; Ov. F. 2, 155; Verg. A. 4, 511 et passim:

quem urguet iracunda Diana, of an epileptic,

Hor. A. P. 453.—

Meton.

The moon:

nocturnae forma,

Ov. M. 15, 196 (cf.:

reparabat cornua Phoebe,

id. ib. 1, 11).—

The chase, Mart. Spect. 12 (cf. Verg. A. 11, 582).—

Derivv.

Dĭānĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Diana:

turba,

i. e. dogs, Ov. F. 5, 141; cf.

arma,

i. e. hunting equipments, Grat. Cyneg. 253.—

Subst., Diānium, ii, n.

A place or temple sacred to Diana, Liv. 1, 48; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 74, 12 Müll.—

A promontory in Spain, now Denia, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34 Zumpt N. cr.; cf. Plin. 3, 5, 11, § 76.—

Dĭānārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Diana: radix, i. q. artemisia, the plant mug-wort or artemisia, Veg. A. V. 3, 6, 7; 5, 32, 4.—

Dĭānātĭcus, i, m., a devotee of Diana, Maxim. Taur. ap. Murat. Anecd. Lat. 4, p. 100.

Dĭāna (in inscrr. also, DEANA, Orell. 1453; 1462; 1546. Also written Jana, Varr. R. R. 1, 37, 3; cf. Nigid. ap. Macr. S. 1, 9. The i measured long, Cinna ap. Suet. Gramm. 11; Verg. A. 1, 499; Hor. C. 1, 21, 1; cf. Diom. p. 436 P.; hence also, Deiana, Enn. ap. Ap. de Deo Socr.), ae, f. [for Divana, Gr. Diônê for DiWônê; root DI-, DIV-; cf. Gr. Zeus, also Jovis (Diovis), Deus, dies, divus, etc.], orig. an Italian divinity, afterwards regarded as identical with the Gr. Artemis, the daughter of Jupiter and Latona, the sister of Apollo, the virgin moon-goddess (Luna), the patroness of virginity, and the presider over child-birth (in this character she is called Lucina), the chase, and nocturnal incantations (on this account her statues were three-formed, and set up in the trivia), Cic. N. D. 2, 27; 3, 23; Catull. 34; Hor. Od. 3, 22; id. Carm. Sec. 1; 70; Tib. 4, 3, 19; Ov. F. 2, 155; Verg. A. 4, 511 et passim:

quem urguet iracunda Diana, of an epileptic,

Hor. A. P. 453.—

Meton.

The moon:

nocturnae forma,

Ov. M. 15, 196 (cf.:

reparabat cornua Phoebe,

id. ib. 1, 11).—

The chase, Mart. Spect. 12 (cf. Verg. A. 11, 582).—

Derivv.

Dĭānĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Diana:

turba,

i. e. dogs, Ov. F. 5, 141; cf.

arma,

i. e. hunting equipments, Grat. Cyneg. 253.—

Subst., Diānium, ii, n.

A place or temple sacred to Diana, Liv. 1, 48; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 74, 12 Müll.—

A promontory in Spain, now Denia, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34 Zumpt N. cr.; cf. Plin. 3, 5, 11, § 76.—

Dĭānārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Diana: radix, i. q. artemisia, the plant mug-wort or artemisia, Veg. A. V. 3, 6, 7; 5, 32, 4.—

Dĭānātĭcus, i, m., a devotee of Diana, Maxim. Taur. ap. Murat. Anecd. Lat. 4, p. 100.

Dĭāna (in inscrr. also, DEANA, Orell. 1453; 1462; 1546. Also written Jana, Varr. R. R. 1, 37, 3; cf. Nigid. ap. Macr. S. 1, 9. The i measured long, Cinna ap. Suet. Gramm. 11; Verg. A. 1, 499; Hor. C. 1, 21, 1; cf. Diom. p. 436 P.; hence also, Deiana, Enn. ap. Ap. de Deo Socr.), ae, f. [for Divana, Gr. Diônê for DiWônê; root DI-, DIV-; cf. Gr. Zeus, also Jovis (Diovis), Deus, dies, divus, etc.], orig. an Italian divinity, afterwards regarded as identical with the Gr. Artemis, the daughter of Jupiter and Latona, the sister of Apollo, the virgin moon-goddess (Luna), the patroness of virginity, and the presider over child-birth (in this character she is called Lucina), the chase, and nocturnal incantations (on this account her statues were three-formed, and set up in the trivia), Cic. N. D. 2, 27; 3, 23; Catull. 34; Hor. Od. 3, 22; id. Carm. Sec. 1; 70; Tib. 4, 3, 19; Ov. F. 2, 155; Verg. A. 4, 511 et passim:

quem urguet iracunda Diana, of an epileptic,

Hor. A. P. 453.—

Meton.

The moon:

nocturnae forma,

Ov. M. 15, 196 (cf.:

reparabat cornua Phoebe,

id. ib. 1, 11).—

The chase, Mart. Spect. 12 (cf. Verg. A. 11, 582).—

Derivv.

Dĭānĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Diana:

turba,

i. e. dogs, Ov. F. 5, 141; cf.

arma,

i. e. hunting equipments, Grat. Cyneg. 253.—

Subst., Diānium, ii, n.

A place or temple sacred to Diana, Liv. 1, 48; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 74, 12 Müll.—

A promontory in Spain, now Denia, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34 Zumpt N. cr.; cf. Plin. 3, 5, 11, § 76.—

Dĭānārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Diana: radix, i. q. artemisia, the plant mug-wort or artemisia, Veg. A. V. 3, 6, 7; 5, 32, 4.—

Dĭānātĭcus, i, m., a devotee of Diana, Maxim. Taur. ap. Murat. Anecd. Lat. 4, p. 100.

Dĭāna (in inscrr. also, DEANA, Orell. 1453; 1462; 1546. Also written Jana, Varr. R. R. 1, 37, 3; cf. Nigid. ap. Macr. S. 1, 9. The i measured long, Cinna ap. Suet. Gramm. 11; Verg. A. 1, 499; Hor. C. 1, 21, 1; cf. Diom. p. 436 P.; hence also, Deiana, Enn. ap. Ap. de Deo Socr.), ae, f. [for Divana, Gr. Diônê for DiWônê; root DI-, DIV-; cf. Gr. Zeus, also Jovis (Diovis), Deus, dies, divus, etc.], orig. an Italian divinity, afterwards regarded as identical with the Gr. Artemis, the daughter of Jupiter and Latona, the sister of Apollo, the virgin moon-goddess (Luna), the patroness of virginity, and the presider over child-birth (in this character she is called Lucina), the chase, and nocturnal incantations (on this account her statues were three-formed, and set up in the trivia), Cic. N. D. 2, 27; 3, 23; Catull. 34; Hor. Od. 3, 22; id. Carm. Sec. 1; 70; Tib. 4, 3, 19; Ov. F. 2, 155; Verg. A. 4, 511 et passim:

quem urguet iracunda Diana, of an epileptic,

Hor. A. P. 453.—

Meton.

The moon:

nocturnae forma,

Ov. M. 15, 196 (cf.:

reparabat cornua Phoebe,

id. ib. 1, 11).—

The chase, Mart. Spect. 12 (cf. Verg. A. 11, 582).—

Derivv.

Dĭānĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Diana:

turba,

i. e. dogs, Ov. F. 5, 141; cf.

arma,

i. e. hunting equipments, Grat. Cyneg. 253.—

Subst., Diānium, ii, n.

A place or temple sacred to Diana, Liv. 1, 48; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 74, 12 Müll.—

A promontory in Spain, now Denia, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34 Zumpt N. cr.; cf. Plin. 3, 5, 11, § 76.—

Dĭānārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Diana: radix, i. q. artemisia, the plant mug-wort or artemisia, Veg. A. V. 3, 6, 7; 5, 32, 4.—

Dĭānātĭcus, i, m., a devotee of Diana, Maxim. Taur. ap. Murat. Anecd. Lat. 4, p. 100.

Dĭāna (in inscrr. also, DEANA, Orell. 1453; 1462; 1546. Also written Jana, Varr. R. R. 1, 37, 3; cf. Nigid. ap. Macr. S. 1, 9. The i measured long, Cinna ap. Suet. Gramm. 11; Verg. A. 1, 499; Hor. C. 1, 21, 1; cf. Diom. p. 436 P.; hence also, Deiana, Enn. ap. Ap. de Deo Socr.), ae, f. [for Divana, Gr. Diônê for DiWônê; root DI-, DIV-; cf. Gr. Zeus, also Jovis (Diovis), Deus, dies, divus, etc.], orig. an Italian divinity, afterwards regarded as identical with the Gr. Artemis, the daughter of Jupiter and Latona, the sister of Apollo, the virgin moon-goddess (Luna), the patroness of virginity, and the presider over child-birth (in this character she is called Lucina), the chase, and nocturnal incantations (on this account her statues were three-formed, and set up in the trivia), Cic. N. D. 2, 27; 3, 23; Catull. 34; Hor. Od. 3, 22; id. Carm. Sec. 1; 70; Tib. 4, 3, 19; Ov. F. 2, 155; Verg. A. 4, 511 et passim:

quem urguet iracunda Diana, of an epileptic,

Hor. A. P. 453.—

Meton.

The moon:

nocturnae forma,

Ov. M. 15, 196 (cf.:

reparabat cornua Phoebe,

id. ib. 1, 11).—

The chase, Mart. Spect. 12 (cf. Verg. A. 11, 582).—

Derivv.

Dĭānĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Diana:

turba,

i. e. dogs, Ov. F. 5, 141; cf.

arma,

i. e. hunting equipments, Grat. Cyneg. 253.—

Subst., Diānium, ii, n.

A place or temple sacred to Diana, Liv. 1, 48; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 74, 12 Müll.—

A promontory in Spain, now Denia, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34 Zumpt N. cr.; cf. Plin. 3, 5, 11, § 76.—

Dĭānārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Diana: radix, i. q. artemisia, the plant mug-wort or artemisia, Veg. A. V. 3, 6, 7; 5, 32, 4.—

Dĭānātĭcus, i, m., a devotee of Diana, Maxim. Taur. ap. Murat. Anecd. Lat. 4, p. 100.

dīs, dītis, adj., rich, v. dives.

Dīs, ītis (nom. Dītis, Petr. Poët. 120, 76; Quint. 1, 6, 34; cf. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 273; the nom. Dis very rare in the poets; Aus. Idyl. 12: de deis, 3), m. [cf.: dīus, divus, deus], orig. denoting godhead, deity, in general, and of Jupiter in partic.; cf.: Diespiter and Diovis = Juppiter; afterwards exclusively as the designation of the god of the infernal regions, the Greek Pluto, connected with pater, Varr. L. L. 5, § 66 Müll.; identified by Caesar with the Celtic god of night, cf. Caes. B. G. 6, 18, 1 sq.; Cic. N. D. 2, 26; Tac. H. 4, 84 fin.; Suet. Oth. 8; Inscr. Orell. 1465-1470 and 4967;

without pater,

Verg. G. 4, 519; id. A. 4, 702; 5, 731; 6, 127 al.:

pallida Ditis aqua,

Tib. 3, 1, 28:

Ditis ignava aqua,

id. 3, 3, 38; Ov. M. 4, 438; 511; id. F. 4, 449 al.:

domina Ditis = Proserpina,

Verg. A. 6, 397.

dĭs, an inseparable particle [Sanscr. dva, two: dvis, twice; Gr. dis (dWis); cf.: bis, bini, dubius, duo; also Sanscr. vi- (for dvi-) = dis-], occurs before vowels only in dishiasco; it stands unchanged before c, p, q, t, s, and di; loses its s before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, and v; and becomes dif -before f. So, discedo, dispar, disquiro, distraho, dissolvo; dibalo, dido, digero, dilabor, dimetior, dinumero, dirigo, divello, etc. Before j (i) we have sometimes dī-, as in dijudico, dijungo, and sometimes dis-, as in disjeci, disjungo. Iacio makes disicio or dissicio. In late Lat. disglutino and disgrego occur; while disrumpo occurs in Cic. Lael. 22, 85; cf.

dirrumpo,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 37: dirripio in Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 37, in some MSS.; and dimminuo in MSS. of Plautus, v. Neue Formenl. 2, 782 sq.—

Meaning.

Dis, in most cases, answers to our asunder, in pieces, apart, in two, in different directions, implying separation or division, as in: diffindo, diffugio, digero, discedo, discepto, discerno, discerpo, discindo, dido, diffindo, dimitto, dirumpo, divido, and a multitude of others.—

Less freq. = Engl. un-, reversing or negativing the meaning of the primitive, as in discingo, disconduco, disconvenio, diffido, diffiteor, disjungo, displiceo, dissimulo, dissocio, dissuadeo, and a few others; so, dinumero, to count as separate objects: disputo, to discuss different views or things. —

In a few words dis- acquires an intensive force, exceedingly, as, differtus, dilaudo, discupio, disperio ( utterly), dispudet, dissuavior, distaedet. This is but a development of its original meaning: thus, differtus is properly stuffed out; dilaudo, to scatter praise of, etc.—

Between, among, through: dinosco, dirigo (or derigo), dijudico, diligo, dilucesco, dispicio, dissereno.

dīs, dītis, adj., rich, v. dives.

Dīs, ītis (nom. Dītis, Petr. Poët. 120, 76; Quint. 1, 6, 34; cf. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 273; the nom. Dis very rare in the poets; Aus. Idyl. 12: de deis, 3), m. [cf.: dīus, divus, deus], orig. denoting godhead, deity, in general, and of Jupiter in partic.; cf.: Diespiter and Diovis = Juppiter; afterwards exclusively as the designation of the god of the infernal regions, the Greek Pluto, connected with pater, Varr. L. L. 5, § 66 Müll.; identified by Caesar with the Celtic god of night, cf. Caes. B. G. 6, 18, 1 sq.; Cic. N. D. 2, 26; Tac. H. 4, 84 fin.; Suet. Oth. 8; Inscr. Orell. 1465-1470 and 4967;

without pater,

Verg. G. 4, 519; id. A. 4, 702; 5, 731; 6, 127 al.:

pallida Ditis aqua,

Tib. 3, 1, 28:

Ditis ignava aqua,

id. 3, 3, 38; Ov. M. 4, 438; 511; id. F. 4, 449 al.:

domina Ditis = Proserpina,

Verg. A. 6, 397.

dĭs, an inseparable particle [Sanscr. dva, two: dvis, twice; Gr. dis (dWis); cf.: bis, bini, dubius, duo; also Sanscr. vi- (for dvi-) = dis-], occurs before vowels only in dishiasco; it stands unchanged before c, p, q, t, s, and di; loses its s before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, and v; and becomes dif -before f. So, discedo, dispar, disquiro, distraho, dissolvo; dibalo, dido, digero, dilabor, dimetior, dinumero, dirigo, divello, etc. Before j (i) we have sometimes dī-, as in dijudico, dijungo, and sometimes dis-, as in disjeci, disjungo. Iacio makes disicio or dissicio. In late Lat. disglutino and disgrego occur; while disrumpo occurs in Cic. Lael. 22, 85; cf.

dirrumpo,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 37: dirripio in Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 37, in some MSS.; and dimminuo in MSS. of Plautus, v. Neue Formenl. 2, 782 sq.—

Meaning.

Dis, in most cases, answers to our asunder, in pieces, apart, in two, in different directions, implying separation or division, as in: diffindo, diffugio, digero, discedo, discepto, discerno, discerpo, discindo, dido, diffindo, dimitto, dirumpo, divido, and a multitude of others.—

Less freq. = Engl. un-, reversing or negativing the meaning of the primitive, as in discingo, disconduco, disconvenio, diffido, diffiteor, disjungo, displiceo, dissimulo, dissocio, dissuadeo, and a few others; so, dinumero, to count as separate objects: disputo, to discuss different views or things. —

In a few words dis- acquires an intensive force, exceedingly, as, differtus, dilaudo, discupio, disperio ( utterly), dispudet, dissuavior, distaedet. This is but a development of its original meaning: thus, differtus is properly stuffed out; dilaudo, to scatter praise of, etc.—

Between, among, through: dinosco, dirigo (or derigo), dijudico, diligo, dilucesco, dispicio, dissereno.

F, f, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f. The sign W is the Aeolic digamma, adopted by the Latins instead of 8, the form used by the Etruscans, Oscans, and Umbrians for this letter; in inscriptions, before A.U.C. 500, it is sometimes written. The ancient grammarians, misled by the shape, ascribed to F the power of the digamma; thus: W Aeolicum digamma, quod apud antiquissimos Latinorum eandem vim quam apud Aeolis habuit, eum autem prope sonum quem nunc habet, significabat p cum aspiratione; sicut etiam apud veteres Graecos pro ph, p, et h, Prisc. 1, 4, p. 12. But it is certain that Lat. F never represents the sound of digamma, and etymologically corresponds to it in but a single root (frango; Gr. rhêgnumi, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 531; Corss. Ausspr. 1, 397 sq. Fick, however, denies any connection between these words, Vergl. Wört. p. 182; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 511; rhigos, Lat. frigus, was never digammated). The sound of F was nearly that of the Gr. ph, but rougher, Quint. 1, 4, 14; 12, 10, 29; cf. Prisc. 1, 4, p. 14; Mar. Vict. p. 2455 P. Initial F in Latin corresponds to an original Indo-European bh, dh, and gh: 1. To bh, as in fari, fama, Sanscr. root bha-; Gr. pha-, phêmi: ferre, Sanscr. bhar-; Gr. pherô: fuga, Sanscr. bhug-, to bend; Gr. phugê; 2. To dh, as in firmus, Sanscr. dhar-, to support: ferus, Sanscr. dhvar-, to destroy; Gr. thêr (phêr): fumus, Sanscr. dhumas, smoke; Gr. thuein; 3. To gh, as in far, farina, Sanscr. gharsh-, to rub: formus, Sanscr. ghar-, to burn; Gr. thermos, etc. In situations not initial these original sounds commonly gave place in Latin to b, or were weakened to h (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 140 sqq.). In writing Greek words, ph was represented by p or b, the Latins having no means of expressing the aspiration ( p-h, not like Engl. ph or f) until the post-Aug. period; but in the later writings and inscr. ph is generally represented by f (Corss. Ausspr. 1, 173; Roby, Lat. Gram. 1, p. 33). Respecting the use of the reversed F (

As an abbreviation, F stands for fili, functus, faciundum. F. C., faciundum curavit. FF., fecerunt. F. I., fieri jussit. FL. P., flamen perpetuus. F. P. C., filius ponendum curavit. F. M., fecit monumentum. F.A., filio amantissimo. F. C. H., fieri curavit heres. FR. or FRU., frumentum, frumentarius.

F, f, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f. The sign W is the Aeolic digamma, adopted by the Latins instead of 8, the form used by the Etruscans, Oscans, and Umbrians for this letter; in inscriptions, before A.U.C. 500, it is sometimes written. The ancient grammarians, misled by the shape, ascribed to F the power of the digamma; thus: W Aeolicum digamma, quod apud antiquissimos Latinorum eandem vim quam apud Aeolis habuit, eum autem prope sonum quem nunc habet, significabat p cum aspiratione; sicut etiam apud veteres Graecos pro ph, p, et h, Prisc. 1, 4, p. 12. But it is certain that Lat. F never represents the sound of digamma, and etymologically corresponds to it in but a single root (frango; Gr. rhêgnumi, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 531; Corss. Ausspr. 1, 397 sq. Fick, however, denies any connection between these words, Vergl. Wört. p. 182; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 511; rhigos, Lat. frigus, was never digammated). The sound of F was nearly that of the Gr. ph, but rougher, Quint. 1, 4, 14; 12, 10, 29; cf. Prisc. 1, 4, p. 14; Mar. Vict. p. 2455 P. Initial F in Latin corresponds to an original Indo-European bh, dh, and gh: 1. To bh, as in fari, fama, Sanscr. root bha-; Gr. pha-, phêmi: ferre, Sanscr. bhar-; Gr. pherô: fuga, Sanscr. bhug-, to bend; Gr. phugê; 2. To dh, as in firmus, Sanscr. dhar-, to support: ferus, Sanscr. dhvar-, to destroy; Gr. thêr (phêr): fumus, Sanscr. dhumas, smoke; Gr. thuein; 3. To gh, as in far, farina, Sanscr. gharsh-, to rub: formus, Sanscr. ghar-, to burn; Gr. thermos, etc. In situations not initial these original sounds commonly gave place in Latin to b, or were weakened to h (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 140 sqq.). In writing Greek words, ph was represented by p or b, the Latins having no means of expressing the aspiration ( p-h, not like Engl. ph or f) until the post-Aug. period; but in the later writings and inscr. ph is generally represented by f (Corss. Ausspr. 1, 173; Roby, Lat. Gram. 1, p. 33). Respecting the use of the reversed F (

As an abbreviation, F stands for fili, functus, faciundum. F. C., faciundum curavit. FF., fecerunt. F. I., fieri jussit. FL. P., flamen perpetuus. F. P. C., filius ponendum curavit. F. M., fecit monumentum. F.A., filio amantissimo. F. C. H., fieri curavit heres. FR. or FRU., frumentum, frumentarius.

fallo, fĕfelli, falsum, 3 (archaic inf. praes. pass. fallier, Pers. 3, 50; perf. pass. fefellitus sum, Petr. Fragm. 61, MSS.), v. a. [Sanscr. sphal, sphul, to waver; Gr. sphallô, a-sphalês], to deceive, trick, dupe, cheat, disappoint (freq. and class.; syn.: decipio, impono, frustror, circumvenio, emungo, fraudo).

In gen.

Of living objects:

T. Roscius non unum rei pecuniariae socium fefellit, verum novem homines honestissimos ejusdem muneris, etc.... induxit, decepit, destituit, omni fraude et perfidia fefellit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 116 sq.; so,

aliquem dolis,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 13; cf. id. Heaut. 3, 1, 61:

senem,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 43:

referam gratiam, atque eas itidem fallam, ut ab illis fallimur,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 93: tu illum fructu fallas, Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

id ipsum sui fallendi causa milites ab hostibus factum existimabant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 50, 2:

tum laqueis captare feras et fallere visco Inventum,

Verg. G. 1, 139; cf. Ov. M. 15, 474:

is enim sum, nisi me forte fallo, qui, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 12, 8, 21:

num me fefellit, Catilina, non modo res tanta, verum dies?

id. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

nisi me fallit animus,

id. Rosc. Am. 17, 48; cf.:

neque eum prima opinio fefellit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 67, 3:

ne spes eum fallat,

Cic. Fam. 1, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 10, 4:

si in hominibus eligendis spes amicitiae nos fefellerit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 28:

in quo cum eum opinio fefellisset,

Nep. Ages. 3, 5:

nisi forte me animus fallit,

Sall. C. 20, 17:

nisi memoria me fallit,

fails me, Gell. 20, p. 285 Bip.:

nisi me omnia fallunt,

Cic. Att. 8, 7, 1; cf.:

omnia me fallunt, nisi, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 95 med.:

nisi quid me fallit,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 6; cf.:

si quid nunc me fallit in scribendo,

id. ib. 3, 5, 4:

dominum sterilis saepe fefellit ager,

Ov. A. A. 1, 450:

certe hercle hic se ipsus fallit, non ego,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 15:

tam libenter se fallunt, quam si una fata decipiunt,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 1:

cum alios falleret, se ipsum tamen non fefellit,

Lact. 1, 22, 5.— Pass. in mid. force, to deceive one's self, be deceived, to err, be mistaken:

errore quodam fallimur in disputando,

Cic. Rep. 3, 35:

qua (spe) possumus falli: deus falli qui potuit?

id. N. D. 3, 31, 76:

memoriā falli,

Plin. 10, 42, 59, § 118:

jamque dies, nisi fallor, adest,

Verg. A. 5, 49; Cic. Att. 4, 17, 1; 16, 6, 2:

ni fallor,

Ov. F. 4, 623; Lact. 2, 19, 1; cf.:

ordinis haec virtus erit et venus, aut ego fallor,

Hor. A. P. 42.—With object-clause:

dicere non fallar, quo, etc.,

Luc. 7, 288:

quamquam haut falsa sum, nos odiosas haberi,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 4; cf.:

id quam facile sit mihi, haud sum falsus,

id. Men. 5, 2, 3; Ter. And. 4, 1, 23; Sall. J. 85, 20:

neque ea res falsum me habuit,

did not deceive me, id. ib. 10, 1:

ut falsus animi est!

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43.—

Of inanim. or abstr. objects:

promissum,

not to fulfil, Curt. 7, 10, 9:

fidem hosti datam fallere,

to violate, break, betray, deceive, Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39:

quodsi meam spem vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit,

id. Cat. 4, 11, 23; cf. id. de Or. 1, 1, 2:

non fallam opinionem tuam,

id. Fam. 1, 6 fin.; cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 86 fin.:

imperium,

to fail to execute, Plin. 7, 37, 38, § 125:

cum lubrica saxa vestigium fallerent,

betrayed, Curt. 4, 9.— Poet.:

tu faciem illius Falle dolo,

imitate deceptively, assume, Verg. A. 1, 684:

sua terga nocturno lupo,

i. e. to hide, conceal, Prop. 4, 5, 14:

casses, retia,

to shun, avoid, Ov. H. 20, 45; 190. —

Absol.: neque quo pacto fallam... Scio quicquam, Caecil. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29 fin.:

cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 41:

ea (divinatio) fallit fortasse nonnumquam,

id. Div. 1, 14, 25:

non in sortitione fallere,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 132:

in ea re,

Nep. Them. 7, 2; Cels. 7, 26, 2: ne falleret bis relata eadem res, Liv. 29, 35, 2:

ut, si quid possent, de induciis fallendo impetrarent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 13, 5:

germinat et numquam fallentis termes olivae,

Hor. Epod. 16, 45:

plerumque sufflati atque tumidi (oratores) fallunt pro uberibus,

Gell. 7, 14, 5.—

Impers.: fallit (me) I deceive myself, I mistake, am mistaken:

sed nos, nisi me fallit, jacebimus,

Cic. Att. 14, 12, 2; cf.:

nisi me propter benevolentiam forte fallebat,

id. Cael. 19, 45; id. Sest. 50, 106:

nec eum fefellit,

id. Off. 2, 7, 25:

vide, ne te fallat,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 25. And cf. under II. B. 2.

In partic.

To deceive in swearing, to swear falsely:

is jurare cum coepisset, vox eum defecit in illo loco: SI SCIENS FALLO,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2; cf.:

lapidem silicem tenebant juraturi per Jovem haec verba dicentes: SI SCIENS FALLO, TVM ME DISPITER, etc., Paul. ex Fest. s. v. lapidem, p. 115 Müll.: si sciens fefellisset,

Plin. Pan. 64, 3; cf. Liv. 21, 45, 8; Prop. 4, 7, 53:

expedit matris cineres opertos Fallere,

i. e. to swear falsely by the ashes of your mother, Hor. C. 2, 8, 10.—

With respect to one's knowledge or sight, for the more usual latēre: to lie concealed from, to escape the notice, elude the observation of a person (so in Cic., Sall., and Caes. for the most part only impers., v. 2. infra).

With acc.:

neque enim hoc te, Crasse, fallit, quam multa sint et quam varia genera dicendi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 255:

tanto silentio in summum evasere, ut non custodes solum fallerent, sed, etc.,

Liv. 5, 47, 3:

nec fefellit veniens ducem,

id. 2, 19, 7; Curt. 7, 6, 4; cf.:

quin et Atridas duce te (Mercurio)... Priamus... Thessalosque ignes et iniqua Trojae Castra fefellit,

Hor. C. 1, 10, 16:

quos fallere et effugere est triumphus,

id. ib. 4, 4, 52:

Spartacum si qua potuit vagantem Fallere testa,

id. ib. 3, 14, 20; Suet. Caes. 43:

nec te Pythagorae fallant arcana,

Hor. Epod. 15, 21; id. Ep. 1, 6, 45:

nec quicquam eos, quae terra marique agerentur, fallebat,

Liv. 41, 2, 1 Drak.:

ut plebem tribunosque falleret judicii rescindendi consilium initum,

id. 4, 11, 4:

tanta celeritate, ut visum fallant,

Plin. 9, 50, 74, § 157:

oculos littera fallit,

cannot be distinctly read, Ov. A. A. 3, 627.— With acc. and inf.:

neutros fefellit hostes appropinquare,

Liv. 31, 33, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.—Mid. with gen.:

nec satis exaudiebam, nec sermonis fallebar tamen,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 55.—

Absol., to escape notice, be unseen, remain undiscovered:

speculator Carthaginiensium, qui per biennium fefellerat, Romae deprehensus,

Liv. 22, 33, 1; 25, 9, 2:

spes fallendi, resistendive, si non falleret,

of remaining unnoticed, id. 21, 57, 5:

non fefellere ad Tifernum hostes instructi,

id. 10, 14, 6.—So with part. perf., Liv. 42, 64, 3; 23, 19, 11.—With part. pres.: ne alio itinere hostis falleret ad urbem incedens, i. e. arrive secretly, lanthanoi prosiôn, Liv. 8, 20, 5; cf. id. 5, 47, 9; Verg. A. 7, 350:

nec vixit male, qui natus moriensque fefellit,

i. e. has remained unnoticed, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 10:

fallere pro aliquo,

to pass for, Gell. 7, 14:

bonus longe fallente sagitta,

Verg. A. 9, 572.—

Impers.: fallit (me), it is concealed from me, unknown to me, I do not know, am ignorant of (for the most part only with negatives or in negative interrogations), constr. with subject-clause:

non me fefellit: sensi,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 64:

num me fefellit, hosce id struere?

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; cf.:

in lege nulla esse ejusmodi capita, te non fallit,

Cic. Att. 3, 23, 4:

nec me animi fallit, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 136; 5, 97:

quem fallit?

who does not know? Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233:

neque vero Caesarem fefellit, quin, etc.,

Caes. B C. 3, 94, 3.—

To cause any thing (space, time, etc.) not to be observed or felt, to lighten any thing difficult, or to appease, silence any thing disagreeable, to beguile ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

medias fallunt sermonibus horas Sentirique moram prohibent,

Ov. M. 8, 652:

jam somno fallere curam,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 114:

Fallebat curas aegraque corda labor,

Ov. Tr. 3, 2, 16; cf.

dolores,

id. ib. 5, 7, 39:

luctum,

Val. Fl. 3, 319:

molliter austerum studio fallente laborem,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 12; Ov. M. 6, 60; Plin. 27, 7, 28, § 49.—Prov.:

fallere credentem non est operosa puellam Gloria,

Ov. H. 2, 63.—Hence, falsus, a, um, P. a., deceptive, pretended, feigned, deceitful, spurious, false (syn.: adulterinus, subditus, subditicius, spurius).

[p. 722] Adj.:

testes aut casu veri aut malitia falsi fictique esse possunt,

Cic. Div. 2, 11, 27; cf.:

falsum est id totum, neque solum fictum, sed etiam imperite absurdeque fictum,

id. Rep. 2, 15:

ementita et falsa plenaque erroris,

id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

pro re certa spem falsam domum retulerunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; cf.:

spe falsa atque fallaci,

id. Phil. 12, 2, 7; so,

spes,

id. Sull. 82, 91:

falsa et mendacia visa,

id. Div. 2, 62, 127; cf.:

falsa et inania visa,

id. ib.:

falsum et imitatione simulatum,

id. de Or. 2, 45, 189; cf. id. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

argumentum,

id. Inv. 1, 48, 90:

qui falsas lites falsis testimoniis Petunt,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 13:

reperiuntur falsi falsimoniis,

id. Bacch. 3, 6, 12:

ambitio multos mortales falsos fieri subegit,

Sall. C. 10, 5 Kritz.:

pater (opp. verus),

a supposed father, Ov. M. 9, 24; cf. id. ib. 1, 754:

falsi ac festinantes,

Tac. A. 1, 7: suspectio, Enn. ap. Non. 511, 5:

nuntius,

Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 175:

rumores,

Caes. B. G. 6, 20, 2:

poena falsarum et corruptarum litterarum,

Cic. Fl. 17, 39; cf.:

falsas esse litteras et a scriba vitiatas,

Liv. 40, 55, 1:

falsarum tabularum rei,

Suet. Aug. 19:

fama,

Cic. Lael. 4, 15:

appellatio,

Quint. 7, 3, 5:

sententiae,

id. 8, 5, 7:

crimina,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 14;

terrores,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 212:

opprobria,

i. e. undeserved, id. ib. 1, 16, 38; cf.

honor,

id. ib. 39: falsi Simoëntis ad undam, i. e. fictitious (simulati), Verg. A. 3, 302; cf.:

falsi sequimur vestigia tauri (i. e. Jovis),

Val. Fl. 8, 265:

vultu simulans Haliagmona,

Stat. Th. 7, 739:

ita ceteros terruere, ut adesse omnem exercitum trepidi ac falsi nuntiarent,

Tac. H. 2, 17:

ne illi falsi sunt qui divorsissumas res pariter expectant,

deceived, mistaken, Sall. J. 85, 20; cf.:

falsus utinam vates sim,

Liv. 21, 10, 10; so,

vates,

id. 4, 46, 5.— Comp. (rare):

quanto est abjectior et falsior ista (theologia),

Aug. Civ. D. 7, 5 fin.:

nihil est hominum inepta persuasione falsius,

Petr. 132; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 92, 11 Müll.— Sup.:

id autem falsissimum est,

Col. 1, 6, 17.—

With gen.:

Felix appellatur Arabia, falsi et ingrati cognominis,

Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 82.—

False, counterfeit, spurious, = adulterinus (late Lat.): moneta, Cod. Th. 9, 21, 9.—

As subst.

falsus, i, m., a liar, deceiver:

Spurinnam ut falsum arguens,

a false prophet, Suet. Caes. 81 fin.; id. Tib. 14.—

falsum, i, n., falsehood, fraud:

ex falsis verum effici non potest,

Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106; cf.:

veris falsa remiscet,

Hor. A. P. 151:

vero distinguere falsum,

id. Ep. 1, 10, 29:

falsum scripseram,

Cic. Att. 7, 14, 2; Quint. 7, 2, 53:

ex illa causa falsi,

i. e. of fraud, Dig. 48, 10 (De lege Cornelia de falsis), 1;

v. the whole title: acclinis falsis animus,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 6:

nec obstitit falsis Tiberius,

Tac. A. 2, 82:

simulationum falsa,

id. ib. 6, 46 et saep.—Adverb.:

telisque non in falsum jactis,

i. e. not at random, with effect, Tac. A. 4, 50 fin.:

jurare falsum,

Ov. Am. 3, 3, 11.— Adv., untruly, erroneously, unfaithfully, wrongly, falsely; in two forms, falso and false.

falso:

eho mavis vituperari falso, quam vero extolli?

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 21 sq.; cf. id. Trin. 1, 2, 173;

so opp. vero,

Curt. 5, 2, 2: ei rei dant operam, ut mihi falso maledicatur, Cato ap. Charis. p. 179 P.: falso criminare, Enn. ap. Non. 470, 16:

neque me perpetiar probri Falso insimulatam,

id. Am. 3, 2, 7; 21; cf.:

non possum quemquam insimulare falso,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107:

falso memoriae proditum,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:

cum Tarquinius... vivere falso diceretur,

id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:

adesse ejus equites falso nuntiabantur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 14, 1:

cum utrumque falso fingerent,

Liv. 42, 2:

falso in me conferri,

Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 2: aliquem falso occidere, i. e. by mistake, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 179 P.; cf.:

ut miseri parentes quos falso lugent, vivere sciant,

Liv. 34, 32, 13; and:

falso lamentari eas Darium vivum,

Curt. 3, 12:

falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum,

Sall. J. 1:

falso plurima volgus amat,

Tib. 3, 3, 20 (so perh. also in Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141, non assentiar saepe falso, instead of false).—Ellipt.: Da. Si quid narrare occepi, continuo dari tibi verba censes. Si. Falso, Ter. And. 3, 2, 24; cf.:

atqui in talibus rebus aliud utile interdum, aliud honestum videri solet. Falso: nam, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; so Quint. 2, 17, 12; Nep. Alc. 9:

quia inter inpotentes et validos falso quiescas, = quia falluntur qui putant quiesci posse,

Tac. Germ. 36.—

false (very rare): judicium false factum, Sisenn. ap. Charis. p. 179; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 78 Fleck. (Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141 dub., B. and K., al. falso).— Sup.:

quae adversus haec falsissime disputantur,

Aug. Conf. 10, 13.

fallo, fĕfelli, falsum, 3 (archaic inf. praes. pass. fallier, Pers. 3, 50; perf. pass. fefellitus sum, Petr. Fragm. 61, MSS.), v. a. [Sanscr. sphal, sphul, to waver; Gr. sphallô, a-sphalês], to deceive, trick, dupe, cheat, disappoint (freq. and class.; syn.: decipio, impono, frustror, circumvenio, emungo, fraudo).

In gen.

Of living objects:

T. Roscius non unum rei pecuniariae socium fefellit, verum novem homines honestissimos ejusdem muneris, etc.... induxit, decepit, destituit, omni fraude et perfidia fefellit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 116 sq.; so,

aliquem dolis,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 13; cf. id. Heaut. 3, 1, 61:

senem,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 43:

referam gratiam, atque eas itidem fallam, ut ab illis fallimur,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 93: tu illum fructu fallas, Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

id ipsum sui fallendi causa milites ab hostibus factum existimabant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 50, 2:

tum laqueis captare feras et fallere visco Inventum,

Verg. G. 1, 139; cf. Ov. M. 15, 474:

is enim sum, nisi me forte fallo, qui, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 12, 8, 21:

num me fefellit, Catilina, non modo res tanta, verum dies?

id. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

nisi me fallit animus,

id. Rosc. Am. 17, 48; cf.:

neque eum prima opinio fefellit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 67, 3:

ne spes eum fallat,

Cic. Fam. 1, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 10, 4:

si in hominibus eligendis spes amicitiae nos fefellerit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 28:

in quo cum eum opinio fefellisset,

Nep. Ages. 3, 5:

nisi forte me animus fallit,

Sall. C. 20, 17:

nisi memoria me fallit,

fails me, Gell. 20, p. 285 Bip.:

nisi me omnia fallunt,

Cic. Att. 8, 7, 1; cf.:

omnia me fallunt, nisi, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 95 med.:

nisi quid me fallit,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 6; cf.:

si quid nunc me fallit in scribendo,

id. ib. 3, 5, 4:

dominum sterilis saepe fefellit ager,

Ov. A. A. 1, 450:

certe hercle hic se ipsus fallit, non ego,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 15:

tam libenter se fallunt, quam si una fata decipiunt,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 1:

cum alios falleret, se ipsum tamen non fefellit,

Lact. 1, 22, 5.— Pass. in mid. force, to deceive one's self, be deceived, to err, be mistaken:

errore quodam fallimur in disputando,

Cic. Rep. 3, 35:

qua (spe) possumus falli: deus falli qui potuit?

id. N. D. 3, 31, 76:

memoriā falli,

Plin. 10, 42, 59, § 118:

jamque dies, nisi fallor, adest,

Verg. A. 5, 49; Cic. Att. 4, 17, 1; 16, 6, 2:

ni fallor,

Ov. F. 4, 623; Lact. 2, 19, 1; cf.:

ordinis haec virtus erit et venus, aut ego fallor,

Hor. A. P. 42.—With object-clause:

dicere non fallar, quo, etc.,

Luc. 7, 288:

quamquam haut falsa sum, nos odiosas haberi,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 4; cf.:

id quam facile sit mihi, haud sum falsus,

id. Men. 5, 2, 3; Ter. And. 4, 1, 23; Sall. J. 85, 20:

neque ea res falsum me habuit,

did not deceive me, id. ib. 10, 1:

ut falsus animi est!

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43.—

Of inanim. or abstr. objects:

promissum,

not to fulfil, Curt. 7, 10, 9:

fidem hosti datam fallere,

to violate, break, betray, deceive, Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39:

quodsi meam spem vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit,

id. Cat. 4, 11, 23; cf. id. de Or. 1, 1, 2:

non fallam opinionem tuam,

id. Fam. 1, 6 fin.; cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 86 fin.:

imperium,

to fail to execute, Plin. 7, 37, 38, § 125:

cum lubrica saxa vestigium fallerent,

betrayed, Curt. 4, 9.— Poet.:

tu faciem illius Falle dolo,

imitate deceptively, assume, Verg. A. 1, 684:

sua terga nocturno lupo,

i. e. to hide, conceal, Prop. 4, 5, 14:

casses, retia,

to shun, avoid, Ov. H. 20, 45; 190. —

Absol.: neque quo pacto fallam... Scio quicquam, Caecil. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29 fin.:

cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 41:

ea (divinatio) fallit fortasse nonnumquam,

id. Div. 1, 14, 25:

non in sortitione fallere,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 132:

in ea re,

Nep. Them. 7, 2; Cels. 7, 26, 2: ne falleret bis relata eadem res, Liv. 29, 35, 2:

ut, si quid possent, de induciis fallendo impetrarent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 13, 5:

germinat et numquam fallentis termes olivae,

Hor. Epod. 16, 45:

plerumque sufflati atque tumidi (oratores) fallunt pro uberibus,

Gell. 7, 14, 5.—

Impers.: fallit (me) I deceive myself, I mistake, am mistaken:

sed nos, nisi me fallit, jacebimus,

Cic. Att. 14, 12, 2; cf.:

nisi me propter benevolentiam forte fallebat,

id. Cael. 19, 45; id. Sest. 50, 106:

nec eum fefellit,

id. Off. 2, 7, 25:

vide, ne te fallat,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 25. And cf. under II. B. 2.

In partic.

To deceive in swearing, to swear falsely:

is jurare cum coepisset, vox eum defecit in illo loco: SI SCIENS FALLO,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2; cf.:

lapidem silicem tenebant juraturi per Jovem haec verba dicentes: SI SCIENS FALLO, TVM ME DISPITER, etc., Paul. ex Fest. s. v. lapidem, p. 115 Müll.: si sciens fefellisset,

Plin. Pan. 64, 3; cf. Liv. 21, 45, 8; Prop. 4, 7, 53:

expedit matris cineres opertos Fallere,

i. e. to swear falsely by the ashes of your mother, Hor. C. 2, 8, 10.—

With respect to one's knowledge or sight, for the more usual latēre: to lie concealed from, to escape the notice, elude the observation of a person (so in Cic., Sall., and Caes. for the most part only impers., v. 2. infra).

With acc.:

neque enim hoc te, Crasse, fallit, quam multa sint et quam varia genera dicendi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 255:

tanto silentio in summum evasere, ut non custodes solum fallerent, sed, etc.,

Liv. 5, 47, 3:

nec fefellit veniens ducem,

id. 2, 19, 7; Curt. 7, 6, 4; cf.:

quin et Atridas duce te (Mercurio)... Priamus... Thessalosque ignes et iniqua Trojae Castra fefellit,

Hor. C. 1, 10, 16:

quos fallere et effugere est triumphus,

id. ib. 4, 4, 52:

Spartacum si qua potuit vagantem Fallere testa,

id. ib. 3, 14, 20; Suet. Caes. 43:

nec te Pythagorae fallant arcana,

Hor. Epod. 15, 21; id. Ep. 1, 6, 45:

nec quicquam eos, quae terra marique agerentur, fallebat,

Liv. 41, 2, 1 Drak.:

ut plebem tribunosque falleret judicii rescindendi consilium initum,

id. 4, 11, 4:

tanta celeritate, ut visum fallant,

Plin. 9, 50, 74, § 157:

oculos littera fallit,

cannot be distinctly read, Ov. A. A. 3, 627.— With acc. and inf.:

neutros fefellit hostes appropinquare,

Liv. 31, 33, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.—Mid. with gen.:

nec satis exaudiebam, nec sermonis fallebar tamen,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 55.—

Absol., to escape notice, be unseen, remain undiscovered:

speculator Carthaginiensium, qui per biennium fefellerat, Romae deprehensus,

Liv. 22, 33, 1; 25, 9, 2:

spes fallendi, resistendive, si non falleret,

of remaining unnoticed, id. 21, 57, 5:

non fefellere ad Tifernum hostes instructi,

id. 10, 14, 6.—So with part. perf., Liv. 42, 64, 3; 23, 19, 11.—With part. pres.: ne alio itinere hostis falleret ad urbem incedens, i. e. arrive secretly, lanthanoi prosiôn, Liv. 8, 20, 5; cf. id. 5, 47, 9; Verg. A. 7, 350:

nec vixit male, qui natus moriensque fefellit,

i. e. has remained unnoticed, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 10:

fallere pro aliquo,

to pass for, Gell. 7, 14:

bonus longe fallente sagitta,

Verg. A. 9, 572.—

Impers.: fallit (me), it is concealed from me, unknown to me, I do not know, am ignorant of (for the most part only with negatives or in negative interrogations), constr. with subject-clause:

non me fefellit: sensi,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 64:

num me fefellit, hosce id struere?

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; cf.:

in lege nulla esse ejusmodi capita, te non fallit,

Cic. Att. 3, 23, 4:

nec me animi fallit, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 136; 5, 97:

quem fallit?

who does not know? Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233:

neque vero Caesarem fefellit, quin, etc.,

Caes. B C. 3, 94, 3.—

To cause any thing (space, time, etc.) not to be observed or felt, to lighten any thing difficult, or to appease, silence any thing disagreeable, to beguile ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

medias fallunt sermonibus horas Sentirique moram prohibent,

Ov. M. 8, 652:

jam somno fallere curam,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 114:

Fallebat curas aegraque corda labor,

Ov. Tr. 3, 2, 16; cf.

dolores,

id. ib. 5, 7, 39:

luctum,

Val. Fl. 3, 319:

molliter austerum studio fallente laborem,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 12; Ov. M. 6, 60; Plin. 27, 7, 28, § 49.—Prov.:

fallere credentem non est operosa puellam Gloria,

Ov. H. 2, 63.—Hence, falsus, a, um, P. a., deceptive, pretended, feigned, deceitful, spurious, false (syn.: adulterinus, subditus, subditicius, spurius).

[p. 722] Adj.:

testes aut casu veri aut malitia falsi fictique esse possunt,

Cic. Div. 2, 11, 27; cf.:

falsum est id totum, neque solum fictum, sed etiam imperite absurdeque fictum,

id. Rep. 2, 15:

ementita et falsa plenaque erroris,

id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

pro re certa spem falsam domum retulerunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; cf.:

spe falsa atque fallaci,

id. Phil. 12, 2, 7; so,

spes,

id. Sull. 82, 91:

falsa et mendacia visa,

id. Div. 2, 62, 127; cf.:

falsa et inania visa,

id. ib.:

falsum et imitatione simulatum,

id. de Or. 2, 45, 189; cf. id. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

argumentum,

id. Inv. 1, 48, 90:

qui falsas lites falsis testimoniis Petunt,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 13:

reperiuntur falsi falsimoniis,

id. Bacch. 3, 6, 12:

ambitio multos mortales falsos fieri subegit,

Sall. C. 10, 5 Kritz.:

pater (opp. verus),

a supposed father, Ov. M. 9, 24; cf. id. ib. 1, 754:

falsi ac festinantes,

Tac. A. 1, 7: suspectio, Enn. ap. Non. 511, 5:

nuntius,

Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 175:

rumores,

Caes. B. G. 6, 20, 2:

poena falsarum et corruptarum litterarum,

Cic. Fl. 17, 39; cf.:

falsas esse litteras et a scriba vitiatas,

Liv. 40, 55, 1:

falsarum tabularum rei,

Suet. Aug. 19:

fama,

Cic. Lael. 4, 15:

appellatio,

Quint. 7, 3, 5:

sententiae,

id. 8, 5, 7:

crimina,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 14;

terrores,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 212:

opprobria,

i. e. undeserved, id. ib. 1, 16, 38; cf.

honor,

id. ib. 39: falsi Simoëntis ad undam, i. e. fictitious (simulati), Verg. A. 3, 302; cf.:

falsi sequimur vestigia tauri (i. e. Jovis),

Val. Fl. 8, 265:

vultu simulans Haliagmona,

Stat. Th. 7, 739:

ita ceteros terruere, ut adesse omnem exercitum trepidi ac falsi nuntiarent,

Tac. H. 2, 17:

ne illi falsi sunt qui divorsissumas res pariter expectant,

deceived, mistaken, Sall. J. 85, 20; cf.:

falsus utinam vates sim,

Liv. 21, 10, 10; so,

vates,

id. 4, 46, 5.— Comp. (rare):

quanto est abjectior et falsior ista (theologia),

Aug. Civ. D. 7, 5 fin.:

nihil est hominum inepta persuasione falsius,

Petr. 132; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 92, 11 Müll.— Sup.:

id autem falsissimum est,

Col. 1, 6, 17.—

With gen.:

Felix appellatur Arabia, falsi et ingrati cognominis,

Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 82.—

False, counterfeit, spurious, = adulterinus (late Lat.): moneta, Cod. Th. 9, 21, 9.—

As subst.

falsus, i, m., a liar, deceiver:

Spurinnam ut falsum arguens,

a false prophet, Suet. Caes. 81 fin.; id. Tib. 14.—

falsum, i, n., falsehood, fraud:

ex falsis verum effici non potest,

Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106; cf.:

veris falsa remiscet,

Hor. A. P. 151:

vero distinguere falsum,

id. Ep. 1, 10, 29:

falsum scripseram,

Cic. Att. 7, 14, 2; Quint. 7, 2, 53:

ex illa causa falsi,

i. e. of fraud, Dig. 48, 10 (De lege Cornelia de falsis), 1;

v. the whole title: acclinis falsis animus,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 6:

nec obstitit falsis Tiberius,

Tac. A. 2, 82:

simulationum falsa,

id. ib. 6, 46 et saep.—Adverb.:

telisque non in falsum jactis,

i. e. not at random, with effect, Tac. A. 4, 50 fin.:

jurare falsum,

Ov. Am. 3, 3, 11.— Adv., untruly, erroneously, unfaithfully, wrongly, falsely; in two forms, falso and false.

falso:

eho mavis vituperari falso, quam vero extolli?

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 21 sq.; cf. id. Trin. 1, 2, 173;

so opp. vero,

Curt. 5, 2, 2: ei rei dant operam, ut mihi falso maledicatur, Cato ap. Charis. p. 179 P.: falso criminare, Enn. ap. Non. 470, 16:

neque me perpetiar probri Falso insimulatam,

id. Am. 3, 2, 7; 21; cf.:

non possum quemquam insimulare falso,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107:

falso memoriae proditum,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:

cum Tarquinius... vivere falso diceretur,

id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:

adesse ejus equites falso nuntiabantur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 14, 1:

cum utrumque falso fingerent,

Liv. 42, 2:

falso in me conferri,

Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 2: aliquem falso occidere, i. e. by mistake, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 179 P.; cf.:

ut miseri parentes quos falso lugent, vivere sciant,

Liv. 34, 32, 13; and:

falso lamentari eas Darium vivum,

Curt. 3, 12:

falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum,

Sall. J. 1:

falso plurima volgus amat,

Tib. 3, 3, 20 (so perh. also in Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141, non assentiar saepe falso, instead of false).—Ellipt.: Da. Si quid narrare occepi, continuo dari tibi verba censes. Si. Falso, Ter. And. 3, 2, 24; cf.:

atqui in talibus rebus aliud utile interdum, aliud honestum videri solet. Falso: nam, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; so Quint. 2, 17, 12; Nep. Alc. 9:

quia inter inpotentes et validos falso quiescas, = quia falluntur qui putant quiesci posse,

Tac. Germ. 36.—

false (very rare): judicium false factum, Sisenn. ap. Charis. p. 179; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 78 Fleck. (Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141 dub., B. and K., al. falso).— Sup.:

quae adversus haec falsissime disputantur,

Aug. Conf. 10, 13.