185

agnosco ( adgn-; also adn-; cf. Wagn. Orthog. Verg. p. 407), nōvi, nitum (like cognĭtum from cognosco; cf. pejĕro and dejĕro from jūro), 3, v. a. [ad, intens. -gnosco, nosco] ( part. perf. agnōtus, Pac. ap. Prisc. p. 887 P.; part. fut. act. agnoturus, Sall. H. Fragm. 2, 31; cf. Diom. 383 P.; class.; used very freq. by Cicero).

As if to know a person or thing well, as having known it before, to recognize: agnoscere always denotes a subjective knowledge or recognition; while cognoscere designates an objective perception; another distinction v. in II.): in turbā Oresti cognitā agnota est soror, was recognized by Orestes as his sister, Pac. ap. Prisc. 887 P.:

virtus cum se extollit et ostendit suum lumen et idem aspexit agnovitque in alio,

and when she has perceived the same in another, and has recognized it, Cic. Lael. 27, 100:

id facillime accipiunt animi, quod agnoscunt,

Quint. 8, 3, 71:

cum se collegit (animus) atque recreavit, tum agnoscit illa reminiscendo,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 58:

quod mihi de filiā gratularis, agnosco humanitatem tuam,

id. Fam. 1, 7 (cf. on the contr. id. ib. 5, 2, where Cic., speaking of himself, says: Cognosce nunc humanitatem meam, learn from this, etc.):

nomine audito extemplo agnovere virum,

Liv. 7, 39:

veterem amicum,

Verg. A. 3, 82:

matrem,

id. ib. 1, 405: Figulum in patriam suam venisse atque ibi agnosci, and is there recognized (by those who had already known him), Quint. 7, 2, 26:

formas quasdam nostrae pecuniae agnoscunt,

Tac. G. 5:

agnoscent Britanni suam causam,

id. Agr. 32:

nitorem et altitudinem horum temporum agnoscimus,

id. Or. 21:

quam (tunicam) cum agnovisset pater,

Vulg. Gen. 37, 33.—

Transf., as a result of this knowledge or recognition, to declare, announce, allow, or admit a thing to be one's own, to acknowledge, own: qui mihi tantum tribui dicis, quantum ego nec agnosco ( neither can admit as due to me) nec postulo, Cic. Lael. 9:

natum,

Nep. Ages. 1, 4:

Aeacon agnoscit summus prolemque fatetur Juppiter esse suam,

Ov. M. 13, 27 (cf. in Pandects, 25, Tit. 3:

de agnoscendis vel alendis liberis): an me non agnoscetis ducem?

will you not acknowledge me as your general? Liv. 6, 7:

agnoscere bonorum possessionem,

to declare the property as one's own, to lay claim to it, Dig. 26, 8, 11 (cf. agnitio, I.):

agnoscere aes alienum,

ib. 28, 5, 1:

facti gloriam,

Cic. Mil. 14 fin.:

susciperem hoc crimen, agnoscerem, confiterer,

id. Rab. Perd. 6:

fortasse minus expediat agnoscere crimen quam abnuere,

Tac. A. 6, 8:

sortilegos,

Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132: et ego ipse me non esse verborum admodum inopem agnosco, and I myself confess, allow, etc., id. Fam. 4, 4:

id ego agnovi meo jussu esse factum,

id. ib. 5, 20, 3: carmina spreta exolescunt;

si irascare, agnita videntur,

Tac. A. 4, 34.—

To understand, recognize, know, perceive by, from, or through something:

ut deum agnoscis ex operibus ejus, sic ex memoriā rerum et inventione, vim divinam mentis agnoscito,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 70; id. Planc. 14, 35:

ex fructu arbor agnoscitur,

Vulg. Matt. 12, 33:

inde agnosci potest vis fortunae,

Vell. 2, 116, 3.—Also, absol.: Augusti laudes agnoscere possis, you can recognize the praises of Augustus, * Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 29:

accipio agnoscoque deos,

Verg. A. 12, 260 (cf. accipio):

agniti dempsere sollicitudinem,

Tac. H. 2, 68:

Germanicus, quo magis agnosceretur, detraxerat tegimen,

id. A. 2, 21:

terram non agnoscebant,

Vulg. Act. 27, 39.—In gen., to become acquainted with, to know; to perceive, apprehend, understand, discern, remark, see:

quin puppim flectis, Ulixe, Auribus ut nostros possis agnoscere cantus,

Cic. Fin. 5, 18, 49 (as transl. of Hom. Od. 12, 185, Nêa katastêson, hina nôïterên op akousêis):

haec dicta sunt subtilius ab Epicuro quam ut quivis ea possit agnoscere,

understand, id. N. D. 1, 18, 49; Verg. A. 10, 843; Phaedr. 2, 5, 19:

alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19.

āla, ae, f. [for axla, contr. from axilla, Cic. Or. 45, 153; cf. anchos = ômos (Hesych.) = shoulder = O. H. Germ. Ahsala; Germ. Achsel].

Lit., a wing, as of a bird: galli plausu premunt alas, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 26; Verg. A. 3, 226 al.: Me. Vox mihi ad aurīs advolavit. So. Ne ego homo infelix fui, qui non alas intervelli, that I did not pluck off its wings, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 170.— Poet., of the gods:

Mors atris circumvolat alis,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 58:

volucris Fati Tardavit alas,

id. C. 2, 17, 25:

bibulae Cupidinis alae,

Ov. A. A. 1, 233:

furvis circumdatus alis Somnus,

Tib. 2, 1, 89:

me jocundis Sopor impulit alis,

Prop. 1, 3, 45:

Madidis Notus evolat alis,

Ov. M. 1, 264.—Of sails:

velorum pandimus alas,

Verg. A. 3, 520.—Of oars:

classis centenis remiget alis,

Prop. 4, 6, 47:

remigium alarum,

Verg. A. 1, 301 (cf. Hom. Od. 11, 125);

so inversely remi is used of wings: super fluctus alarum insistere remis,

Ov. M. 5, 558 (cf. pterois eressei, Eur. Iphig. Taur. 289; Aeschyl. Agam. 52; and cf. Lucr. 6, 743). —Of wind and lightning:

Nisus Emicat et ventis et fulminis ocior alis,

Verg. A. 5, 319 al. —

Transf.

In man, the upper and under part of the arm, where it unites with the shoulder; the armpit, Liv. 9, 41; 30, 34:

aliquid sub alā portare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 12:

hirquinae,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 51:

hirsutae,

Hor. Epod. 12, 5:

halitus oris et alarum vitia,

Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:

virus alarum et sudores,

id. 35, 15, 52, § 185:

sudor alarum,

Petr. 128 (many Romans were accustomed to pluck out the hair from the armpits, Sen. Ep. 114; Juv. 11, 157; v. alipilus).—

In animals, the hollow where the foreleg is joined to the shoulder; the shoulder - blade. —Of elephants, Plin. 11, 40, 95, § 324.—Of frogs, Plin. 9, 51, 74, § 159.—

In trees and plants, the hollow where the branch unites with the stem, Plin. 16, 7, 10, § 29; so id. 22, 18, 21, § 45; 25, 5, 18, § 38 al.—

In buildings, the wings, the side apartments on the right and left of the court, the side halls or porches, the colonnades; called also in Gr. ptera, Vitr. 6, 4, 137; 4, 7, 92.—

In milit. lang., the wing of an army (thus conceived of as a bird of prey), commonly composed of the Roman cavalry and the troops of the allies, esp. their horsemen; hence, alarii in contrast with legionarii, and separated from them in enumeration, also having a leader, called praefectus alae, Tac. H. 2, 59 al.; cf. Lips. de Milit. Rom. 1, 10 Manut.; Cic. Fam. 2, 17 fin.; Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 51; Smith, Dict. Antiq.; Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 4, 6; cf. Gell. 10, 9, 1:

Alae, equites: ob hoc alae dicti, quia pedites tegunt alarum vice,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 121: peditatu, equitibus atque alis cum hostium legionibus pugnavit, Cato ap. Gell. 15, 9, 5; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 45:

dextera ala (in alas divisum socialem exercitum habebat) in primā acie locata est,

Liv. 31, 21; Vell. 2, 117 al.—An ala, as a military division, usu. consisted of about 500 men, Liv. 10, 29.

—So, Ala Flaviana, Ala Nova, et saep. (cf. castrum, II. 1. fin.).

Hălēsa ( Halaesa and Alēsa), ae, f., = Halaisa, a town on the northern coast of Sicily, on the river Halesus, now ruins near the village Iusa, Sil. 14, 218; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 19; 2, 2, 75, § 185.—

Deriv. Hălēsīnus ( Halaes- and Alēs-), a, um, adj., of or belonging to Halesa:

civitas,

Cic. Fam. 13, 32, 1:

Dio,

of Halesa, id. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 19; 2, 3, 73.— Subst.: Hă-lēsīni, ōrum, m. plur., the inhabitants of Halesa, Halesines, Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 91.

ambŭlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. [regarded by Doed. as a sort of dim. of ambio, but better regarded as comp. of am- and the root of bainô, beto, -bito, baculum = bakpron, vado, venio; Sanscr. gā = go; Germ. gehen; Engl. go. Curtius].

Lit.

In gen., to go about, to walk:

cum illā neque cubat neque ambulat,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 56:

si non ubi sedeas locus est, est ubi ambules,

id. Capt. prol. 12:

quem ad modum quis ambulet, sedeat,

Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 47:

sedetur, ambulatur,

Varr. L. L. 6, 1, p. 72 Müll.:

ambulatum est,

Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 1; Sen. Ep. 113, 15:

cum sedeatur, ambuletur, discumbatur,

Gell. 2, 2:

standi ambulandi vices,

Quint. 11, 3, 44:

ambulans aut jacens,

Plin. Ep. 9, 36; Gell. 2, 9:

cum ambulantis Tiberii genua advolveretur,

Tac. A. 1, 13: aves aliquae ambulant, ut cornices;

aliae saliunt, ut passeres,

walk, Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 111:

Aegyptii mures bipedes ambulant,

id. 10, 64, 85, § 186:

claudi ambulant,

Vulg. Matt. 11, 5; ib. Joan. 1, 36; ib. Apoc. 2, 1; 9, 20.—Hence,

Esp., to walk for recreation, to take a walk:

abiit ambulatum,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 96:

visus sum mihi cum Galbā ambulare,

Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:

cum in sole ambulem, etiamsi aliam ob causam ambulem, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 14, 60:

pedibus ambulare,

Suet. Dom. 19.—

To go, to travel, to journey (class.), Plaut. Capt. prol. 12:

quo ambulas tu?

id. Am. 1, 1, 185; Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 17:

biduo aut triduo septingenta milia passuum ambulare,

Cic. Quint. 25; id. Att. 9, 4 fin.:

eo modo Caesar ambulat, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 8, 14 et saep.—Hence, in the comic poets, bene ambula, farewell, a good journey to you, a form oft. used at the departure of any one:

bene ambula et redambula,

farewell and farewell back, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 120: Ty. Bene ambulato. Ph. Bene vale, id. ib. 2, 3, 92; and absol.:

ambula,

go, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 139: ambulare in jus, to go into court, go to law:

ambula in jus,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 23; Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 43.—

To walk about with a certain gravity or importance: licet superbus ambules pecuniā. Hor. Epod. 4, 5; id. S. 1, 2, 25; 1, 4, 66.—

Of inanimate things:

amnis, quā naves ambulant,

Cato, R. R. 1, 3:

Nilus immenso longitudinis spatio ambulans,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 51:

velut intus ambulantem (lucem),

id. 37, 9, 47, § 131.— Trop. (only post-Aug.):

quod deinde caput translatum per omnes leges ambulavit,

was afterwards added to all laws, Plin. 10, 50, 71, § 139; Dig. 4, 4, 15:

ambulat cum domino bonorum possessio,

ib. 37, 11, 2.—

Act., esp. with cognate objects, as iter, via, etc., to navigate, sail, pass over, etc.:

cum Xerxes tantis classibus tantisque copiis maria ambulavisset terramque navigāsset,

Cic. Fin. 2, 34:

perpetuas ambulat illa vias,

Ov. F. 1, 122 (cf.: ire iter, viam, etc., Burm. ad Prop. 2, 19, 50).— Pass.:

si bina stadia ambulentur,

Plin. 23, 1, 16, § 26.—

In milit. lang. t. t., to march:

ut ter in mense tam equites quam pedites educantur ambulatum,

Veg. Mil. 1, 27.—

In the jurists in opp. to ire:

iter est jus eundi ambulandi hominis,

of one going and coming, Dig. 3, 8, 1.—

Trop. very freq. in eccl. Lat. (like Heb. and N. T. Gr. peripateô), to walk, in the sense of to live, with an adjunct of manner or circumstances:

ambulavit Henoch cum Deo,

Vulg. Gen. 5, 22:

ut ambules in viis ejus (Dei),

ib. Deut. 10, 12:

qui ambulant in lege Domini,

ib. Psa. 118, 1:

in circuitu impii ambulant,

ib. ib. 11, 9: fraudulenter ambulare, ib. Prov. 11, 13.—So also very freq. in N. T., but only once in this sense in the Gospels:

quare discipuli tui non ambulant juxta traditionem seniorum?

Vulg. Marc. 7, 5:

qui non secundum carnem ambulant,

ib. Rom. 8, 1:

in carne ambulantes,

ib. 2 Cor. 10, 3:

honeste ambulare,

ib. Rom. 13, 13:

ut ambuletis digne Deo,

ib. Col. 1, 10:

quod non recte ambularent,

ib. Gal. 2, 14 et persaepe.

am-pŭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to cut around, to cut away or off, to lop off, prune.

Lit., esp. of plants: amputata id est circum putata, Paul. ex Fest. p. 24 Müll.:

vitem ferro,

Cic. Sen. 15:

mergum,

Col. 4, 15, 4:

cacumen (ulmi),

Plin. 16, 32, 57, § 132.—

Of other things: praeceidit caulem testīsque una amputat ambo,

Lucil. 7, 22 Müll.:

pestiferum in corpore,

Cic. Phil. 8, 5:

umeros,

to mutilate, Sen. Thyest. 761:

ex ipso vertice capillos,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 12:

caput,

Suet. Galb. 20:

manus,

id. ib. 9:

pollices,

id. Aug. 24 et saep.—In Pliny also of things that are bitten off:

caudas mugili,

Plin. 9, 62, 88, § 185.—

Trop., to lop off, curtail, shorten, diminish:

amputata inanitas omnis et error,

removed, banished, Cic. Fin. 1, 13:

volo esse in adulescente, unde aliquid amputem,

id. de Or. 2, 21:

licet hinc quantum cuique videbitur circumcidat atque amputet,

id. ib. 1, 15, 65:

longa colloquia,

Sen. Med. 530:

numerum legionum,

Tac. H. 2, 69.—In rhet.:

amputata loqui,

in a disconnected manner, in abrupt sentences, Cic. Or. 51:

amputata oratio et abscisa,

concise, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 18.

angŭlus, i, m. [cf. ankulos, crooked, bent, angular, Paul. ex Fest. p. 11 Müll.; v. ango], an angle, a corner.

Lit.

Math. t. t., an angle:

angulus optusus,

Lucr. 4, 355:

angulus acutus,

Plin. 12, 3, 29, § 50:

meridianus circulus horizonta rectis angulis secat,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 17; so,

ad pares angulos ad terram ferri,

at right angles, perpendicularly, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

Hoc ubi suffugit sensum simul angulus omnis,

Lucr. 4, 360:

figura, quae nihil habet incisum angulis, nihil anfractibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 18.—

A corner:

hujus lateris alter angulus qui est ad Cantium,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13:

extremus,

the extreme point, corner, Ov. M. 13, 884; Hor. S. 2, 6, 8; Plin. 37, 10, 66, § 178:

arcae anguli,

Vulg. Exod. 25, 12:

quattuor anguli pallii,

ib. Deut. 22, 12:

hic factus est in caput anguli,

the corner-stone, ib. Matt. 21, 42:

anguli oculorum,

the corners of the eyes, Cels. 6, 6, 31; Plin. 24, 14, 77, § 126:

anguli parietum,

the angles of walls, id. 2, 82, 84, § 197; so,

murorum,

Vulg. 2 Par. 26, 13:

in angulis platearum,

ib. Matt. 6, 5:

quattuor anguli terrae,

the four quarters of the earth, ib. Apoc. 7, 1.—

Transf.

A retired, unfrequented place, a nook, corner, lurking-place: in angulum abire, * Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 10:

nemo non modo Romae, sed nec ullo in angulo totius Italiae oppressus aere alieno fuit, quem etc.,

Cic. Cat. 2, 4 fin.:

ille terrarum mihi praeter omnes Angulus ridet,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 14:

angulus hic mundi nunc me accipit,

Prop. 5, 9, 65:

gratus puellae risus ab angulo,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 22; Vell. 2, 102, 3.—Contemptuously, of the schools or places of private discussion, in contrast with public, practical life:

quibus ego, ut de his rebus in angulis consumendi otii causā disserant, cum concessero, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 57:

earum ipsarum rerum, quas isti in angulis personant, reapse, non oratione perfectio,

id. Rep. 1, 2; Lact. 3, 16.—On the contr. without contempt, in Seneca, Ep. 95.—So also, detractingly, of a little country-seat, in opp. to the city: quod Angulus iste feret piper, that hole, said by the discontented steward, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 23 (so without detraction:

recessus,

Juv. 3, 230).—

: me ex hoc, ut ita dicam, campo aequitatis ad istas verborum angustias et ad omnes litterarum angulos revocas, into every strait, embarrassment (the figure is taken from a contest or game, in which one strives to get his antagonist into a corner), Cic. Caecin. 29.—

A projection of the sea into the land, a bay, gulf: Gallicus, Cato ap. Charis. p. 185 P.

apprŏbātĭo ( adp-), ōnis, f. [approbo].

An approving, allowing, assenting to, approbation, acquiescence (most freq. in Cic.):

id volgi adsensu et populari approbatione judicari solet,

Cic. Brut. 49, 185: id. Tusc. 2, 1, 3:

hoc decorum movet adprobationem,

id. Off. 1, 28, 98; id. Ac. 2, 17:

hominum,

Liv. 23, 23.—In plur.:

non adprobationes solum movere,

Cic. Or. 71, 236. —Hence, approbatio testium, approbation, i. e. reception, Auct. ad Her. 2, 6.—

Proof, confirmation (only in Cic.):

haec propositio indiget approbationis,

Cic. Inv. 1, 36 and 37:

assumptionis,

proof of the minor proposition, id. ib. 1, 34.

arbī̆trātus, a, um, Part. of arbitror.

arbī̆trātus, ūs, m. [arbitror].

The judgment (as will, not as opinion; accordingly = voluntas, not = sententia), freewill, inclination, pleasure, wish, choice, decision (class.; cf. Gell. 13, 20, 19:

hic allegatus et hic arbitratus pro allegatione proque arbitratione dicuntur. Quā ratione servatā arbitratu et allegatu meo dicimus, which latter expression is most freq. used): viri boni arbitratu resolvetur,

Cato, R. R. 149, 2; so id. ib. 145, 3:

arbitratu domini,

id. ib. 144, 1:

nunc quidem meo arbitratu loquar libere, quae volam et quae lubebit,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 2:

Vapulabis meo arbitratu et novorum aedilium,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 148; so id. Capt. 3, 1, 35; id. Ep. 5, 2, 22; id. Men. 5, 5, 46; id. Mil. 4, 6, 6; id. Ps. 1, 5, 13:

tuus arbitratus sit: comburas, si velis,

id. As. 4, 1, 21; so id. Rud. 5, 2, 68: Er. Agedum, excutedum pallium. St. Tuo arbitratu, id. Aul. 4, 4, 20; id. Am. 3, 2, 50; id. Most. 3, 2, 106; id. Capt. 4, 2, 87; id. Ps. 2, 2, 66; id. Truc. 5, 19:

quas (sententias) exposui arbitratu meo,

Cic. Lael. 1, 3:

ut id meo arbitratu facerem,

id. Fin. 1, 21, 72, and id. ib. 4, 1, 2; id. Fam. 7, 1, 5:

tuo vero id quidem arbitratu,

id. Fin. 1, 8, 28; so id. Brut. 11, 42; Tac. Or. 42 fin.:

suo arbitratu,

Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 15:

ejus arbitratu fieri,

id. Rud. 4, 3, 96:

arbitratu suo,

Suet. Tib. 68: Tr. Quoius arbitratu nos vis facere? Gr. Viduli arbitratu, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 63 sq.; 4, 3, 66:

senatūs arbitratu,

Suet. Tib. 34; so id. Aug. 35.—

Direction, guidance:

considerare oportet, cujus arbitratu sit educatus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 25; so Inscr. Grut. 185, 2.

armentum, i, n. (old form armenta, ae, f., Liv. Andron. and Enn. ap. Non. p. 190, 20; Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 4 Müll.) [contr. for arimentum from aro, Varr. L. L. 5, § 96 Müll.; cf. Isid. Orig. 12, 2].

Cattle for ploughing; and collectively, a herd (but jumentum, contr. for jugimentum from jugum, draught-cattle; cf. Dig. 50, 16, 89); most freq. in the plur.: cornifrontes armentae, Liv. Andron. l. c.;

Enn. l. c.: At variae crescunt pecudes, armenta feraeque,

Lucr. 5, 228; cf. id. 1, 163:

grex armentorum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 7:

greges armentorum reliquique pecoris,

Cic. Phil. 3, 12 fin.; so Vulg. Deut. 28, 4:

ut accensis cornibus armenta concitentur,

Liv. 22, 17:

armenta bucera,

Ov. M. 6, 395.—In the sing.:

armentum aegrotat in agris,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 6:

pasci Armentum regale vides,

Ov. M. 2, 842; 8, 882; 11, 348:

armentum agens,

Liv. 1, 7:

ad armentum cucurrit,

Vulg. Gen. 18, 7; ib. Exod. 29, 1; ib. Ezech. 43, 19 et saep.—

Transf.

Of horses or other large animals:

bellum haec armenta minantur,

Verg. A. 3, 540.— In sing.:

sortiri armento subolem,

Verg. G. 3, 71; Ov. F. 2, 277; Col. 7, 1, 2; Plin. 8, 42, 66, § 165; 11, 49, 110, § 263: hos (cervos) tota armenta sequuntur, Verg. A. 1, 185:

armenta immania Neptuni,

the monstrous beasts of Neptune, id. G. 4, 395.—

A herd, drove, as a collective designation; with gen.:

armenta boum,

Verg. G. 2, 195; so Vulg. Deut. 8, 13;

ib. Judith, 2, 8: multa ibi equorum boumque armenta,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17:

cynocephalorum,

id. ib. 7, 2, 2.—

For a single cow, ox, etc.:

centum armenta,

Hyg. Fab. 118.

arx, arcis, f. [arx ab arcendo, quod is locus munitissimus rubis, a quo facillime possit hostis prohiberi, Varr. L. L. 5, § 151 Müll; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 20; Isid. Orig. 15, 2, 32; Doed. Syn. IV. p. 428; v. arceo], a stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, akropolis; in Rome, the Capitolium.

A.. Lit.: arce et urbe orba sum, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 114 Müll.): optumates, Corinthum quae arcem altam habetis, id. ap. ejusd. Fam. 7, 6: edicite per urbem ut omnes qui arcem astuque accolunt, cives, etc.; Att. ap. Non. p. 357, 14:

Illa autem in arcem [hinc] abiit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 59; so id. Ps. 4, 6, 2:

In arcem transcurso opus est,

Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 17:

Condere coeperunt urbīs arcemque locare,

Lucr. 5, 1107:

arcis servator, candidus anser,

id. 4, 683:

munire arcem,

Cic. Pis. 34 fin.:

cum Tarento amisso arcem tamen Livius retinuisset,

id. de Or. 2, 67, 273: arx intra moenia in immanem altitudinem edita; Liv. 45, 28:

arx Sion,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 5, 7:

arx Jerusalem,

ib. 1 Macc. 13, 49:

Romana,

Liv. 1, 12:

Capitolina,

id. 6, 20; cf. id. 3, 18:

Sabinus arcem Capitolii insedit mixto milite,

Tac. H. 3, 69; Suet. Claud. 44 et saep. As the place on which auguries were received (cf. auguraculum):

ut cum in arce augurium augures acturi essent,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66; so Liv. 1, 18 and 24.—Hence,

Trop., defence, prolection, refuge, bulwark, etc.:

Castoris templum fuit te consule arx civium perditorum, receptaculum veterum Catilinae militum, castellum forensis latrocinii,

Cic. Pis. 5, 11:

haec urbs, lux orbis terrarum atque arx omnium gentium,

id. Cat. 4, 6; cf. id. Agr. 1, 6, 18:

Africa arx omnium provinciarum,

id. Lig. 7, 22:

Stoicorum,

id. Div. 1, 6, 10:

arx finitimorum, Campani,

Liv. 7, 29; 37, 18:

tribunicium auxilium et provocationem, duas arces libertatis tuendae,

id. 3, 45:

arx ad aliquid faciendum,

id. 28, 3:

eam urbem pro arce habiturus Philippus adversus Graeciae civitates,

id. 33, 14; Flor. 3, 6, 5:

quasi arx aeternae dominationis,

Tac. A. 14, 31.—

As the abode of tyrants, a poet. designation of tyranny (cf. Ascon. ad Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5), Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 293 Heins.:

cupidi arcium,

Sen. Thyest. 342; cf. id. Contr. 4, 27:

non dum attigit arcem, Juris et humani culmen,

Luc. 7, 593 Corte; cf. id. 8, 490, and 4, 800; Tert. Apol. 4.—

Prov.:

arcem facere e cloacā,

to make a mountain of a mole-hill, Cic. Planc. 40.—

Since castles were generally on a height, meton., a height, summit, pinnacle, top, peak (usu. poet. and in Aug. and postAug. prose), lit. and trop.

Lit.:

summā locum sibi legit in arce,

upon the extreme height, Ov. M. 1, 27; cf. id. ib. 12, 43. —So,

In partic.

Of mountains:

Parnasi constitit arce,

Ov. M. 1, 467:

arce loci summā,

id. ib. 11, 393:

Rhipaeae arces,

Verg. G. 1, 240:

flērunt Rhodopeïae arces,

id. ib. 4, 461:

septemque unā sibi muro circumdedit arces,

id. ib. 2, 535:

primus inexpertas adiit Tirynthius arces, i. e. Alpes,

Sil. 3, 496; cf. Drak. ad id. 15, 305; Val. Fl. 3, 565:

impositum arce sublimi oppidum cernimus,

Petr. 116; cf. id. 123, 205, and 209.—

Of houses built on an eminence, Petr. 121, 107, and 293.—

Of the citadel of heaven:

quae pater ut summā vidit Saturnius arce,

Ov. M. 1, 163:

summam petit arduus arcem,

id. ib. 2, 306:

sideream mundi qui temperat arcem,

id. Am. 3, 10, 21.—

Of the heavens themselves: aetheriae [p. 170] arces, Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 19:

arces igneae,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 10:

caeli quibus adnuis arcem,

Verg. A. 1, 250; cf. id. ib. 1, 259.—

Of temples erected on an eminence:

dexterā sacras jaculatus arces,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 3.—

Of the head:

arx corporis,

Sen. Oedip. 185; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 235.—

Trop., height, head, summit, etc. (rare):

celsā mentis ab arce,

Stat. S. 2, 2, 131:

summae laudum arces,

Sil. 13, 771; Sid. Carm. 2, 173:

ubi Hannibal sit, ibi caput atque arcem totius belli esse,

head and front, Liv. 28, 42:

arx eloquentiae,

Tac. Or. 10.

a-spĭcĭo ( adsp-, Jan; asp-, others except Halm, who uses both), spexi, spectum, 3, v. a. (aspexit = aspexerit, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 25), to look to or upon a person or thing, to behold, look at, see.

Lit., constr. in the ante - class. per. sometimes with ad; but afterwards with the acc., with a finite clause, or absol.; in eccl. Lat., with in with acc., and super with acc.

With ad:

aspice ad me,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 38:

aspicient ad me,

Vulg. Zach. 12, 10:

aspicere ad terram,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 25:

ad caelum,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 7, 28:

Aspice nunc ad sinisteram,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 38 (Ritschl, spice):

ad Scrofam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. the epitaph of Pacuvius: Adulescens, tametsi properas, te hoc saxum rogat, Ut se[se] aspicias, etc., ap. Gell. 1, 24 fin. —(b With acc.: Aspice hoc sublimen candens, Enn. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 65: templum Cereris, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 2, 82: me, Pac. ap. Non. p. 470, 20: aspicite (me) religatum asperis Vinctumque saxis, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Plaut. As. 4, 1, 25:

me huc aspice,

id. Am. 2, 2, 118:

faciem alicujus,

id. Ps. 1, 2, 9.—In Plaut. twice with contra: aspiciam aliquem [p. 176] contra oculis, Cas. 5, 3, 2: Th. Aspicedum contra me. Tr. Aspexi. Th. Vides? Tr. Video, Most. 5, 1, 56; so,

non audebat aspicere contra Deum,

Vulg. Exod. 3, 6:

formam alicujus aspicere,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 25:

tergum alicujus,

Vulg. Exod. 33, 8:

aspicite ipsum: contuemini os, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 27:

me,

Vulg. Job, 7, 8:

sic obstupuerant, sic terram intuebantur, sic furtim non numquam inter se aspiciebant, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 13; so Vulg. Jer. 4, 23:

aspicis me iratus,

Cic. Phil. 2, 30 fin.:

hominis omnino aspiciendi potestatem eripere,

id. Lael. 23, 87:

ut nemo eorum forum aut publicum aspicere vellet,

Liv. 9, 7, 11:

aliquid rectis oculis,

Suet. Aug. 16:

Aspicit hanc torvis (oculis),

Ov. M. 6, 34:

aspiciunt oculis Superi mortalia justis,

id. ib. 13, 70:

aliquid oculis aequis,

Verg. A. 4, 372:

aspice vultus Ecce meos,

Ov. M. 2, 92 al.:

horrendae aspectu,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 26:

aspice nos hoc tantum,

look on us thus much only, Verg. A. 2, 690 Wagner: Aspice Felicem sibi non tibi, Romule, Sullam, poët. ap. Suet. Tib. 59.—In pass. (rare):

unde aliqua pars aspici potest,

Cic. Mil. 3:

pulvis procul et arma adspiciebantur,

Tac. H. 2, 68; id. G. 13:

super triginta milia armatorum aspiciebantur,

id. Agr. 29; 40; id. A. 3, 45; 11, 14:

Septentrionem ibi adnotatum primā tantum parte noctis adspici,

Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 185:

quasi eum aspici nefas esset,

Cic. Verr. 5, 67; 5, 187; id. Har. Resp. 8:

adspici humana exta nefas habetur,

Plin. 28, 1, 2, § 5.—

Absol.:

Vide amabo, si non, quom aspicias, os inpudens videtur,

Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 22:

postquam aspexi, ilico Cognovi,

id. Heaut. 4, 1, 43.—

With in with acc.:

in terram aspicere,

Vulg. Psa. 101, 20; ib. Isa. 5, 30:

in caelum,

ib. Matt. 14, 9.—

With super with acc.:

super castra aspicere,

Vulg. Judith, 9, 7 al. —

Transf.

a.. Of things in space, to look toward, lie toward:

tabulatum aspiciat meridiem,

Col. 8, 8, 2:

cryptoporticus non aspicere vineas, sed tangere videtur,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 29:

ea pars Britanniae, quae Hiberniam aspicit,

Tac. Agr. 24:

terra umidior quā Gallias, ventosior quā Noricum aspicit,

id. G. 5.—

Of persons:

nobilissimi totius Britanniae eoque in ipsis penetralibus siti nec servientium litora aspicientes,

Tac. Agr. 30.—

With the access. idea of purpose (cf.: adeo, aggredior, etc.), to look upon something in order to consider or examine it; and in gen. to consider, survey, inspect (freq. in Liv.):

hujus ut aspicerent opus admirabile,

Ov. M. 6, 14:

Boeotiam atque Euboeam aspicere jussi,

Liv. 42, 37:

in Boeotiā aspiciendae res,

id. 42, 67 fin.:

Ap. Claudium legatum ad eas res aspiciendas componendasque senatus misit,

id. 42, 5; 26, 51; 32, 5 al.—

Trop.

In gen.: sic in oratione Crassi divitias atque ornamenta ejus ingenii per quaedam involucra perspexi;

sed ea cum contemplari cuperem, vix aspiciendi potestas fuit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 35, 161:

sic evolavit oratio, ut ejus vim atque incitationem aspexerim, vestigia ingressumque vix viderim,

observed, noticed, id. ib. 1, 35, 161:

in auctorem fidei,

Vulg. Heb. 12, 2:

in remunerationem,

ib. ib. 11, 26.—So esp., to examine, reflect upon, to consider, weigh, ponder (most freq. in the imperat.: aspice, see, ponder, consider, etc.).

With acc.:

Postea [tu] aspicito meum, quando ego tuum inspectavero,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 50:

neque tanta (est) in rebus obscuritas, ut eas non penitus vir ingenio cernat, si modo (eas) aspexerit,

attends to them, Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 124: aspice, ait, Perseu, nostrae primordia gentis, Ov M. 5, 190.—

With a finite clause.

In the subj.:

qui semel aspexit, quantum dimissa petitis Praestent, etc.,

has weighed, considered, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 96:

aspiciebant, quomodo turba jactaret aes etc.,

Vulg. Marc. 12, 41:

aspiciebant, ubi (Jesus) poneretur,

ib. ib. 15, 47:

Quin tu illam aspice, ut placide adcubat,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 168:

quin aspice, quantum Aggrediare nefas,

Ov. M. 7, 70:

Aspice, venturo laetentur ut omnia saeclo!

Verg. E. 4, 52:

Aspice, Plautus Quo pacto partes tutetur amantis ephebi, ut patris attenti... Quantus sit dossennus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 170 sqq.:

Aspice, num mage sit nostrum penetrabile telum,

Verg. A. 10, 481:

aspice, si quid loquamur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4 sq.:

Aspice, qui coeant populi,

Verg. A. 8, 385:

Qualem commendes, etiam atque etiam aspice,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 76: aspice, Quanto cum fastu, quanto molimine circumspectemus etc., id. ib. 2, 2, 92.—

In the indic. (rare):

Aspice, ut antrum Silvestris raris sparsit labrusca racemis,

Verg. E. 5, 6:

Aspice, ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis Ingreditur,

id. A. 6, 855:

quantas ostentant, aspice, vires,

id. ib. 6, 771:

Aspice, quem gloria extulerat,

id. Cat. 12, 1:

aspicite, quae fecit nobiscum,

Vulg. Tob. 13, 6.—Also, to take into consideration, to have in view:

si genus aspicitur, Saturnum prima parentem Feci,

Ov. F. 6, 29.—

Esp.

To look upon with respect, admiration:

erat in classe Chabrias privatus, sed eum magis milites quam qui praeerant, aspiciebant,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 1.—

Aliquem, to look one boldly in the face, to meet his glance:

Lacedaemonii, quos nemo Boeotiorum ausus fuit aspicere in acie,

Nep. Epam. 8, 3 (cf. supra, I., the passage from Suet. Aug. 16). —

Lumen aspicere, to see the light for to live:

odi celebritatem, fugio homines, lucem aspicere vix possum,

Cic. Att. 3, 7; id. Brut. 3, 12; cf. the foll. number fin. —

Ad inchoative (as in addubito, addormio, aduro, etc.), to get a sight of, to see, perceive, descry:

perii, si me aspexerit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164:

forte unam aspicio adulescentulam,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 91; id. Ad. 3, 3, 19:

respexit et equum alacrem laetus aspexit,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 73; so id. Har. Resp. 1, 2:

tum vero Phaëthon cunctis e partibus orbem Aspicit accensum,

Ov. M. 2, 228; 7, 651:

aspicit hanc visamque vocat,

id. ib. 2, 443; 2, 714; 3, 69; 3, 356; 3, 486; 7, 384;

7, 791 et saep.: Quem simul aspexit scabrum intonsumque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 90.—Hence trop.: lumen aspicere, to see the light for to be born:

ut propter quos hanc suavissimam lucem aspexerit, eos indignissime luce privārit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22 fin.; cf. supra, II. B. 3.

assensus ( ads-), a, um, Part. of assentior.

assensus ( ads-), ūs, m. [assentior], an agreement, assent, approval, approbation.

In gen.:

adsensu omnium dicere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 4:

volgi adsensu et populari approbatione,

id. Brut. 49, 185:

omnium adsensu,

Liv. 5, 9; 8, 5; 8, 4 fin.; cf. id. 3, 72:

adsensu senatūs,

Plin. Pan. 71:

adsensum consequi agendo,

id. Ep. 7, 6, 13; so Tac. A. 14, 12; 15, 22; Suet. Aug. 68; id. Tib. 45 et saep.—In the plur.: dicta Jovis pars voce probant;

alii partes assensibus implent,

Ov. M. 1, 245; 8, 604:

hinc ingentes exciri adsensus,

Tac. Or. 10 fin. —Also joyful, loud assent:

exposuit cum ingenti adsensu,

Liv. 27, 51.—

Esp.

In philos. lang., like assensio, an assent to the reality of sensible appearances:

concedam illum ipsum sapientem... retenturum adsensum, nec umquam ulli viso adsensurum, nisi, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 57:

tollendus adsensus est,

id. ib. 2, 18, 59; 2, 18, 33 fin.; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31 al.—

Poet., an echo:

Et vox adsensu nemorum ingeminata remugit,

Verg. G. 3, 45:

Aereaque adsensu conspirant cornua rauco,

id. A. 7, 615; Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 615.

a-strŭo ( ads-, Merk., Halm, Dinter), struxi, structum, 3, v. a., to build near or in addition to a thing, to add (mostly in prose and post-Aug.; never in Cic.).

Lit.:

cum veteri adstruitur recens aedificium,

Col. 1, 5 fin.:

utrique (villae) quae desunt,

Plin. Ep. 9, 7 fin.: sicut ante secunda fortuna tot victorias adstruxerat;

ita nunc adversa destruens quae cumulaverat,

Just. 23, 3:

medicamentum adstruere,

Scrib. Comp. 227.—

In gen.

To add to:

adstrue formae,

Ov. A. A. 2, 119: victus ab [p. 185] eo Pharnaces vix quicquam gloriae ejus adstruxit, Vell. 2, 55:

aliquid magnificentiae,

Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 119; so,

dignitati,

Plin. Ep. 3, 2, 5:

famae,

id. ib. 4, 17, 7:

felicitati,

id. Pan. 74, 2:

alicui laudem,

id. ib. 46, 8:

alicui nobilitatem ac decus,

Tac. H. 1, 78:

consulari ac triumphalibus ornamentis praedito quid aliud adstruere fortuna poterat?

id. Agr. 44:

adstruit auditis... pavor,

Sil. 4, 8:

ut quae Neroni falsus adstruit scriptor,

ascribes, imputes, Mart. 3, 20:

ut Livium quoque priorum aetati adstruas, i.e. annumeres,

Vell. 1, 17.—

To furnish with something (syn. instruo):

contignationem laterculo adstruxerunt,

covered, fastened, Caes. B. C. 2, 9.— Trop.:

aliquem falsis criminibus,

i.e. to charge, Curt. 10, 1.

affirmare, which Agroet. p. 2268 P., and Beda, p. 2334 P. give, is found in no Lat. author; for in Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 83, instead of adstruxerunt, it is better to read adseverant; v. Sillig ad h. l.; so also Jan.