embarrassment

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

ad-jŭvo, jūvi, jūtum, 1, v. a. (very rare juvavi, juvatum;

hence, adjuvaturus,

Petr. Sat. 18: adjŭro or adjuero = adjuvero, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1:

adjuerit = adjuverit,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 4), to give aid to, to help, assist, support: aliquem. (Adjuvare applies to every kind of help or support; while auxiliari is only used of one who, from his weakness, needs assistance, and subvenire of one who is in difficulty or embarrassment; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 1, 7.)

In gen.: O Tite, si quid te adjuero curamve levāsso quae nunc te coquit, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 339 Vahl.): di me etsi perdunt, tamen esse adjutam expetunt, Pac. ap. Non. 97, 14 (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 102):

miseras, inopes, aerumnosas aliquo auxilio,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 39:

operā me adjuves,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:

me adjuves in hac re,

id. And. 3, 3, 10:

id spero adjuturos deos (i. e. in ea re),

id. ib. 3, 2, 42:

ad verum probandum auctoritas adjuvat,

Cic. Quint. 23:

si nihil ad percipiendam colendamque virtutem litteris adjuvarentur,

id. Arch. 7, 16: maerorem orationis lacrimis suis, id. de Or. [p. 39] 2, 47:

Q. Hortensii operā rem publicam adjutam (esse),

id. Phil. 10, 26: si nos mediocris fortuna rei publicae adjuverit, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15:

aliquem in filiarum collocatione,

id. Off. 2, 16:

auxiliis et copiis, i. e. militibus auxiliariis,

id. Fam. 1, 7; cf. Liv. 29, 5:

sua sponte eos adjutum profectus,

Nep. Chabr. 2; id. Milt. 2; id. Phoc. 2:

Antiochum Aetolosque adjuturos pronuntiat,

Liv. 34, 37:

fortĭs fortuna adjuvat,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 25, and Liv. 34, 37:

aliquem ad bellum,

id. 29, 1; cf. id. 27, 15 Drak.:

adjutus casu,

Suet. Tib. 13:

suffragio,

id. Vitell. 7:

manu alicujus,

id. Dom. 14:

adjuvare preces,

id. Ner. 21:

pennis adjutus amoris,

Ov. M. 1, 540; so Juv. 6, 504; Sil. 6, 249; cf. id. 5, 326.—

Esp.

To help, cherish (esp. a state of mind), to sustain:

jam tu quoque hujus adjuvas insaniam,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 166:

ferendus error immo vero etiam adjuvandus,

Cic. Att. 12, 43:

clamore Romani adjuvant militem suum,

animate, encourage, Liv. 1, 25; so Curt. 3, 6:

ignem,

Liv. 34, 39:

formam cură,

Ov. M. 2, 732.—

Absol. (very rare), to profit, avail, be of use, be profitable (syn.: utile est, operae pretium est, convenit).

Impers.:

in re mala animo si bono utare, adjuvat,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 10.—

With subject:

solitudo aliquid adjuvat,

Cic. Att. 12, 14:

alteri non multum adjuvabant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17:

adjuvat hoc quoque,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 73.

With a whole subjective clause with quod as subject: multum eorum opinionem adjuvat, quod ( the circumstance that) sine jumentis... ad iter profectos videbant, Caes. B. C. 1, 69. —

With two acc.:

irrides in re tanta? neque me quidquam consilio adjuvas?

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 29; cf. Rudd. II. p. 179, n. 75.—

With ut or ne:

ut amplissimum nomen consequeremur, unus praeter ceteros adjuvisti,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15:

adjuvato, nequis liminis obseret tabellam,

Cat. 324.—

With inf.: adjuvat enim (pater, the male) incubare, helps to hatch, Plin. 11, 24, 29, § 85.—

With the dat. of the person and the acc. of the thing:

operam mutuam dent et messem hanc nobis adjuvent,

Gell. 2, 29; cf. adjuto.—Hence, adjŭvans, antis, P. a., subst. with gen.:

non haec adjuvantia causarum, sed has ipsas esse omnium causas,

Cic. Univ. 14.

ad-jŭvo, jūvi, jūtum, 1, v. a. (very rare juvavi, juvatum;

hence, adjuvaturus,

Petr. Sat. 18: adjŭro or adjuero = adjuvero, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1:

adjuerit = adjuverit,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 4), to give aid to, to help, assist, support: aliquem. (Adjuvare applies to every kind of help or support; while auxiliari is only used of one who, from his weakness, needs assistance, and subvenire of one who is in difficulty or embarrassment; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 1, 7.)

In gen.: O Tite, si quid te adjuero curamve levāsso quae nunc te coquit, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 339 Vahl.): di me etsi perdunt, tamen esse adjutam expetunt, Pac. ap. Non. 97, 14 (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 102):

miseras, inopes, aerumnosas aliquo auxilio,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 39:

operā me adjuves,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:

me adjuves in hac re,

id. And. 3, 3, 10:

id spero adjuturos deos (i. e. in ea re),

id. ib. 3, 2, 42:

ad verum probandum auctoritas adjuvat,

Cic. Quint. 23:

si nihil ad percipiendam colendamque virtutem litteris adjuvarentur,

id. Arch. 7, 16: maerorem orationis lacrimis suis, id. de Or. [p. 39] 2, 47:

Q. Hortensii operā rem publicam adjutam (esse),

id. Phil. 10, 26: si nos mediocris fortuna rei publicae adjuverit, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15:

aliquem in filiarum collocatione,

id. Off. 2, 16:

auxiliis et copiis, i. e. militibus auxiliariis,

id. Fam. 1, 7; cf. Liv. 29, 5:

sua sponte eos adjutum profectus,

Nep. Chabr. 2; id. Milt. 2; id. Phoc. 2:

Antiochum Aetolosque adjuturos pronuntiat,

Liv. 34, 37:

fortĭs fortuna adjuvat,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 25, and Liv. 34, 37:

aliquem ad bellum,

id. 29, 1; cf. id. 27, 15 Drak.:

adjutus casu,

Suet. Tib. 13:

suffragio,

id. Vitell. 7:

manu alicujus,

id. Dom. 14:

adjuvare preces,

id. Ner. 21:

pennis adjutus amoris,

Ov. M. 1, 540; so Juv. 6, 504; Sil. 6, 249; cf. id. 5, 326.—

Esp.

To help, cherish (esp. a state of mind), to sustain:

jam tu quoque hujus adjuvas insaniam,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 166:

ferendus error immo vero etiam adjuvandus,

Cic. Att. 12, 43:

clamore Romani adjuvant militem suum,

animate, encourage, Liv. 1, 25; so Curt. 3, 6:

ignem,

Liv. 34, 39:

formam cură,

Ov. M. 2, 732.—

Absol. (very rare), to profit, avail, be of use, be profitable (syn.: utile est, operae pretium est, convenit).

Impers.:

in re mala animo si bono utare, adjuvat,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 10.—

With subject:

solitudo aliquid adjuvat,

Cic. Att. 12, 14:

alteri non multum adjuvabant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17:

adjuvat hoc quoque,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 73.

With a whole subjective clause with quod as subject: multum eorum opinionem adjuvat, quod ( the circumstance that) sine jumentis... ad iter profectos videbant, Caes. B. C. 1, 69. —

With two acc.:

irrides in re tanta? neque me quidquam consilio adjuvas?

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 29; cf. Rudd. II. p. 179, n. 75.—

With ut or ne:

ut amplissimum nomen consequeremur, unus praeter ceteros adjuvisti,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15:

adjuvato, nequis liminis obseret tabellam,

Cat. 324.—

With inf.: adjuvat enim (pater, the male) incubare, helps to hatch, Plin. 11, 24, 29, § 85.—

With the dat. of the person and the acc. of the thing:

operam mutuam dent et messem hanc nobis adjuvent,

Gell. 2, 29; cf. adjuto.—Hence, adjŭvans, antis, P. a., subst. with gen.:

non haec adjuvantia causarum, sed has ipsas esse omnium causas,

Cic. Univ. 14.

aestus, ūs (archaic gen. aesti, Pac. 97 Rib.; rare form of nom. plur. aestuus). m. [kind. with aestas and Gr. aithô; v. aestas], an undulating, boiling, waving, tossing; a waving, heaving, billowy motion.

Lit.

Of fire; hence, in gen., fire, glow, heat (orig. in relation to its flashing up; while fervor denotes a glowing, ardor a burning, and calor a warming heat; yet it was early used for warming heat;

v. the following example): nam fretus ipse anni permiscet frigus et aestum,

heat and cold are blended, Lucr. 6, 364 (for which calor, id. 6, 368, 371 al.):

multa aestu victa per agros,

id. 5, 1104:

exsuperant flammae, furit aestus ad auras,

Verg. A. 2, 759:

caniculae,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 18; so id. Ep. 1, 8, 5:

labore et aestu languidus,

Sall. J. 51.—In plur.:

neque frigora neque aestus facile tolerabat,

Suet. Aug. 81.—So of midday heat:

aestibus at mediis umbrosam exquirere vallem,

Verg. G. 3, 331 (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 22: ille cum aestuaret, umbram secutus est).—And of the heat of disease (of [p. 63] wounds, fever, inflammation, etc.): ulceris aestus, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 7, 19:

homines aegri cum aestu febrique jactantur,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13.—

The undulating, heaving motion of the sea, the swell, surge: fervet aestu pelagus, Pac. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 39; hence, meton. for the sea in agitation, waves, billows:

delphines aestum secabant,

Verg. A. 8, 674:

furit aestus harenis,

id. ib. 1, 107:

aestus totos campos inundaverant,

Curt. 9, 9, 18.—In Verg. once of the boiling up of water in a vessel: exsultant aestu latices, Aen. 7, 464.—

Esp., the periodical flux and reflux or ebb and flow of the sea, the tide (cf. Varr. L. L. 9, 19; Mel. 3, 1:

aestus maris accedere et reciprocare maxime mirum, pluribus quidem modis, sed causa in sole lunāque,

Plin. 2, 97, 99); Plaut. As. 1, 3, 6: quid de fretis aut de marinis aestibus dicam? quorum accessus et recessus ( flow and ebb) lunae motu gubernantur, Cic. Div. 2, 14 fin.:

crescens,

Plin. 2, 100, 97, § 219:

decedens,

id. ib.:

recedens,

id. 2, 98, 101, § 220: secundus, in our favor, Sall. Fragm. ap. Gell. 10, 26, 2: adversus, against us, id. ap. Non. 138, 8.—

Trop.

The passionate ferment or commotion of the mind, the fire, glow, ardor of any ( even a good) passion (cf. aestuo, II. A.):

et belli magnos commovit funditus aestus (genus humanum),

has stirred up from their very bottom the waves of discord, Lucr. 5, 1434:

civilis belli aestus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 47 (cf. id. C. 2, 7, 15):

repente te quasi quidam aestus ingenii tui procul a terrā abripuit atque in altum abstraxit,

Cic. de Or. 3, 36:

hunc absorbuit aestus quidam gloriae,

id. Brut. 81:

stultorum regum et populorum continet aestus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 8:

perstet et, ut pelagi, sic pectoris adjuvet aestum,

the glow of love, Ov. H. 16, 25.—

A vacillating, irresolute state of mind, doubt, uncertainty, hesitation, trouble, embarrassment, anxiely:

qui tibi aestus, qui error, quae tenebrae,

Cic. Div. in Caecin. 14:

vario fluctuat aestu,

Verg. A. 12, 486:

amor magno irarum fluctuat aestu,

id. ib. 4, 532; cf. id. ib. 8, 19:

aestus curaeque graves,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 110.—

In the Epicurean philos. lang. of Lucretius, the undulatory flow or stream of atoms, atomic efflux, as the cause of perception (cf. affluo, I.):

Perpetuoque fluunt certis ab rebus odores, Frigus ut a fluviis, calor ab sole, aestus ab undis Aequoris, exesor moerorum litora propter, etc.,

Lucr. 6, 926; and in id. 6, 1002 sq., the magnetic fluid is several times designated by aestus lapidis.

angŭlus, i, m. [cf. ankulos, crooked, bent, angular, Paul. ex Fest. p. 11 Müll.; v. ango], an angle, a corner.

Lit.

Math. t. t., an angle:

angulus optusus,

Lucr. 4, 355:

angulus acutus,

Plin. 12, 3, 29, § 50:

meridianus circulus horizonta rectis angulis secat,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 17; so,

ad pares angulos ad terram ferri,

at right angles, perpendicularly, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

Hoc ubi suffugit sensum simul angulus omnis,

Lucr. 4, 360:

figura, quae nihil habet incisum angulis, nihil anfractibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 18.—

A corner:

hujus lateris alter angulus qui est ad Cantium,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13:

extremus,

the extreme point, corner, Ov. M. 13, 884; Hor. S. 2, 6, 8; Plin. 37, 10, 66, § 178:

arcae anguli,

Vulg. Exod. 25, 12:

quattuor anguli pallii,

ib. Deut. 22, 12:

hic factus est in caput anguli,

the corner-stone, ib. Matt. 21, 42:

anguli oculorum,

the corners of the eyes, Cels. 6, 6, 31; Plin. 24, 14, 77, § 126:

anguli parietum,

the angles of walls, id. 2, 82, 84, § 197; so,

murorum,

Vulg. 2 Par. 26, 13:

in angulis platearum,

ib. Matt. 6, 5:

quattuor anguli terrae,

the four quarters of the earth, ib. Apoc. 7, 1.—

Transf.

A retired, unfrequented place, a nook, corner, lurking-place: in angulum abire, * Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 10:

nemo non modo Romae, sed nec ullo in angulo totius Italiae oppressus aere alieno fuit, quem etc.,

Cic. Cat. 2, 4 fin.:

ille terrarum mihi praeter omnes Angulus ridet,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 14:

angulus hic mundi nunc me accipit,

Prop. 5, 9, 65:

gratus puellae risus ab angulo,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 22; Vell. 2, 102, 3.—Contemptuously, of the schools or places of private discussion, in contrast with public, practical life:

quibus ego, ut de his rebus in angulis consumendi otii causā disserant, cum concessero, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 57:

earum ipsarum rerum, quas isti in angulis personant, reapse, non oratione perfectio,

id. Rep. 1, 2; Lact. 3, 16.—On the contr. without contempt, in Seneca, Ep. 95.—So also, detractingly, of a little country-seat, in opp. to the city: quod Angulus iste feret piper, that hole, said by the discontented steward, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 23 (so without detraction:

recessus,

Juv. 3, 230).—

: me ex hoc, ut ita dicam, campo aequitatis ad istas verborum angustias et ad omnes litterarum angulos revocas, into every strait, embarrassment (the figure is taken from a contest or game, in which one strives to get his antagonist into a corner), Cic. Caecin. 29.—

A projection of the sea into the land, a bay, gulf: Gallicus, Cato ap. Charis. p. 185 P.

con-turbo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to throw into disorder or confusion, to confuse, derange, disorder, confound (rare, but class. in prose and poetry; most freq. in Lucr. and Cic.; not in Verg., Hor., or Quint.).

In gen.

Lit.:

posituras principiorum corporis atque animi,

Lucr. 4, 943; cf. id. 4, 958; 3, 483 al.:

ordines Romanorum (militum),

Sall. J. 50, 4; cf. id. ib. 98, 4:

equites tormentis,

Curt. 7, 2, 4:

rempublicam,

Sall. C. 37, 10; 48, 8; cf.

rem,

id. J. 79, 7: annus neglegentiā conturbatus atque confusus, * Suet. Aug. 31:

vocem,

Lucr. 4, 559:

prima vulnera novis plagis,

id. 4, 1070: basia, i. e. to exchange in confused multitudes, * Cat. 5, 11.—In mal. part.:

pedes, i. e. implicare,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 24.—

Trop., to disturb, disquiet in mind or feeling:

valetudo tua me valde conturbat,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 2:

quid est? num conturbo te?

id. Phil. 2, 13, 32:

incidunt multae causae, quae conturbent animos utilitatis specie,

id. Off. 3, 10, 40; cf.:

vemens violentia vini Conturbare animum consuevit,

Lucr. 3, 483.— Absol.:

haec sunt, quae conturbent in deliberatione non numquam, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 20, 81.—

In partic., t. t. in the lang. of business: conturbare rationes or rationem, or absol. conturbare, to bring one's pecuniary affairs into disorder, to become bankrupt.

Lit.:

rationem sibi commissam,

Dig. 11, 3, 1 fin.:

nihil esse, quod posthac arcae nostrae fiducia conturbaret,

bring into pecuniary embarrassment, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 10 (12), 5:

fac me multis debere, et in his Plancio: utrum igitur me conturbare oportet?

id. Planc. 28, 68:

homo Graecus, qui conturbat et idem putat sibi licere quod equitibus Romanis,

id. Att. 4, 7, 1; Dig. 14, 3, 5, § 9; 15, 3, 16; cf. ib. 11, 3, 1, § 5; Juv. 7, 129 al.—

Trop.:

neque edepol quid nunc consili capiam scio De virgine istac: ita conturbasti mihi Rationes omnes,

you have so disturbed all my plans, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 29.—Hence, contur-bātus, a, um, P a. (acc. to I. B.), distracted, disturbed, confused, disquieted (very rare):

oculus,

diseased, disordered, Cic. Tusc. 3, 7, 15:

homo tristis et conturbatus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:

eram in scribendo conturbatior,

id. Att. 1, 12, 4:

animus,

id. Tusc. 3, 7, 15.

dŭbĭtātĭo, ōnis, f. [dubito].

A wavering in opinion or judgment; a being uncertain, a doubting; uncertainty, doubt.

Prop.

In gen. (freq. and good prose).

Absol.:

nec tibi sollicitudinem ex dubitatione mea, nec spem ex affirmatione, afferre volui,

Cic. Fam. 9, 17 fin.:

cum res non conjecturā, sed oculis ac manibus teneretur, neque in causa ulla dubitatio posset esse,

id. Cluent. 7, 20:

in ea obscuritate ac dubitatione omnium,

id. ib. 27:

quod quamquam dubitationem non habet, tamen rationes afferendas puto, etc.,

id. Fin. 5, 10; cf. id. Agr. 1, 4, 11; Quint. 4, 3, 6:

dubitationem afferre,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 147; cf. id. ib. 3, 4, 18:

eo sibi minus dubitationis dari, quod, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 14, 1:

ad tollendam dubitationem sola non sufficiunt,

Quint. 5, 9, 8; cf. id. 5, 13, 51; Cic. Att. 12, 6 fin. al. So in Cicero a few times: sine ulla dubitatione, without any doubt, i. e. per litoten, most certainly (an emphatic sine dubio, v. dubius, I. B. 2. b. e), Cic. Tusc. 3, 3, 5; id. Balb. 13, 31; id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5;

so too, sine dubitatione,

Col. 3, 6, 2 (but far more freq. in signif. II., v. infra).—

With gen.: omnem dubitationem adventus legionum expellere, Caes. B. G. 5, 48 fin.; cf.

juris (i. e. dubitatio, penes quem esset jus),

Cic. Caecin. 4, 9:

generum,

id. de Or. 2, 31, 134:

hujus utilitatis,

Quint. 1, 10, 28.—

With de:

illa Socratica, de omnibus rebus,

Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 17; Auct. B. Afr. 26.—

With rel. or interrog. clause:

si quando dubitatio accidit, quale sit id, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 4, 18; id. Cluent. 28, 76; id. Fam. 15, 21:

alterum potest habere dubitationem, adhibendumne fuerit hoc genus... an, etc.,

id. Off. 3, 2, 9; id. Fam. 3, 5, 3; Quint. 11, 2, 44.—

With quin:

cum hic locus nihil habeat dubitationis, quin, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 5, 17; cf. id. N. D. 2, 63, 158.—

With a subject acc. and inf.:

hoc a rustico factum extra dubitationem est,

Quint. 7, 1, 48.—

Esp., as a fig. of speech, i. q. Gr. diaporêsis, i. e. hesitation, embarrassment of the speaker, because unable to do justice to the greatness of his theme (e. g. Cic. Rosc. Am. 11; id. de Or. 3, 56, § 214), Auct. Her. 4, 29, 40; cf. Ernest. Lex. Technol. Lat. p. 136.—

Meton. (dubito, I. B.), a doubt, question, considering:

indigna dubitatio homine!

Cic. Lael. 19, 67; so,

ad rem publicam adeundi,

id. Rep. 1, 7, 12.—

A wavering, hesitating in coming to a conclusion; hesitancy, irresolution, delay:

aestuabat dubitatione, versabat se in utramque partem non solum mente, verum etiam corpore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

qui timor! quae dubitatio! quanta haesitatio tractusque verborum!

id. de Or. 2, 50:

inter dubitationem et moras senati,

Sall. J. 30, 3; cf. id. ib. 62, 9:

aluit dubitatione bellum,

Tac. A. 3, 41 fin. et saep.:

(Caesar) nulla interposita dubitatione legiones ex castris educit,

without any hesitation, promptly, Caes. B. G. 7, 40, 1;

in this signif. very freq. in Cicero: sine ulla dubitatione,

Cic. Cluent. 28, 75; id. Verr. 2, 3, 12; id. Pis. 3; 21 fin.; id. N. D. 1, 1; id. de Or. 2, 28, 122; id. Fam. 1, 5, b. 2. et saep.; cf.:

absque ulla dubitatione,

Vulg. Ruth, 3, 13;

less freq. merely sine dubitatione,

without hesitation, unhesitatingly, Cic. Agr. 2, 9, 23; id. N. D. 3, 34, 84; id. Ac. 2, 29, 94; id. Top. 15 fin.; id. Att. 11, 16, 3; so Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21; Auct. B. Alex. 63, 2; Vulg. Act. 10, 29.

haesĭtātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a hesitating (rare but good prose).

Of speech, a stammering:

qui timor! quae dubitatio! quanta haesitatio tractusque verborum!

Cic. de Or. 2, 50, 202:

deformis,

Quint. 11, 2, 48.—

Mental uncertainty, irresolution, perplexity, embarrassment, hesitation (rare but class.):

si facile inveneris quid dicas, noli ignoscere haesitationi meae,

Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:

non mediocris haesitatio est, hinc justitiae proposita imagine, inde pietatis,

Quint. 12, 1, 40; 11, 2, 48:

haesitationem attulit tempus et locus,

Tac. H. 1, 39; Sen. Vit. Beat. 8, 5; Plin. Ep. 6, 27, 1.