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(crude)

  • 1 crūdus

        crūdus adj. with comp.    [CRV-], bloody, bleeding, trickling with blood: volnera, O.: exta, L.— With full stomach, stuffed with food, dyspeptic: qui de conviviis auferantur crudi: pilā ludere inimicum crudis, H.: (homo) crudior: bos, H.—Unripe, immature, crude, raw: poma: equa marito, H.: servitium, too new, Ta.—Fresh, vigorous: senectus, V., Ta.—Unprepared, immature, raw, crude: caestus, of raw hide, V.: rudis cortice crudo hasta, V.: pavo, undigested, Iu.: quia crudus fuerit, hoarse.—Fig., rough, unfeeling, cruel, merciless: ille precantem defodit Crudus humo, O.: ensis, V.: tyrannis, Iu.
    * * *
    cruda -um, crudior -or -us, crudissimus -a -um ADJ
    raw; bloody/bleeding; crude, cruel, rough, merciless; fierce/savage; grievous; youthful/hardy/vigorous; fresh/green/immature; undigested; w/undigested food

    Latin-English dictionary > crūdus

  • 2 crudus

    crūdus, a, um, adj. [root kru-, of Gr. kruos; cf. cruor, crudelis], bloody, bleeding, trickling with blood, etc.
    I.
    Prop. (so rare):

    vulnus,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 11:

    vulnera,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 19; id. P. 1, 3, 16.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Of food, raw, not cooked: quid tu curas, utrum [p. 485] crudum an coctum edim? Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    exta,

    Liv. 29, 27, 5:

    carnem mandere,

    Suet. Ner. 37.—So also of undigested food:

    pavo,

    Juv. 1, 143; cf.

    trop.: lectio non cruda sed multā iteratione mollita et velut confecta,

    Quint. 10, 1, 19;

    and, alvus,

    Cato, R. R. 125:

    qui crudum ructat,

    i. e. when undigested food rises in the stomach, Cels. 1, 2; v. ructo.— Transf., of persons suffering from indigestion, etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23; Quint. 11, 3, 27; Hor. S. 1, 5, 49; id. Ep. 1, 6, 61:

    crudior,

    Cic. Clu. 60, 168; cf. cruditas; so,

    bos,

    Hor. Epod. 8, 6 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, in a pun, Mart. 3, 13, 3 sq.—
    B.
    In gen., of all physical or moral crudeness, immaturity, roughness, etc.
    1.
    Lit.
    a.
    Unripe, immature, crude:

    poma ex arboribus, cruda si sunt, vix evelluntur, si matura et cocta, decidunt,

    Cic. Sen. 19, 71:

    pruna (opp. maturissima),

    Col. 12, 10, 3:

    muria (opp. matura),

    id. 12, 6, 2 al.:

    palmes,

    Luc. 4, 317 (viridis, Schol.);

    of an abscess,

    not mature, Cels. 5, 28, 11:

    puella,

    Mart. 8, 64, 11; cf. Hor. C. 3, 11, 12:

    funera nepotis,

    premature, early, Stat. Th. 9, 391; cf. id. Achill. 1, 478:

    amor,

    yet young, fresh, id. Th. 2, 341; cf.:

    crudum adhuc servitium,

    Tac. A. 1, 8 fin.:

    adhuc studia,

    Petr. 4:

    crudi sine viribus anni,

    Sil. 12, 348:

    juventus,

    not yet armed, id. 3, 302; Claud. Cons. Hon. 3, 42.—
    (β).
    Opp. to age, and the weakness arising from age, fresh, vigorous:

    jam senior, sed cruda deo viridisque senectus,

    Verg. A. 6, 304;

    imitated by Tac.: quibus cruda ac viridis senectus,

    Tac. Agr. 29: cf.

    meus,

    Sil. 5, 569.—
    b.
    Unprepared, immature, raw, crude:

    crudum et immotum solum,

    Col. 2, 2, 25; cf. Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 179:

    pix,

    Col. 12, 20, 6:

    corium,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 116 Müll.; for which, poet., taurus, Val. Fl. 4, 250;

    and, caestus,

    made of raw hide, undressed leather, Verg. A. 5, 69:

    rudis cortice crudo hasta,

    id. ib. 9, 743.—Of verses, unpolished, rude:

    junctura addita crudis (numeris),

    Pers. 1, 92 (cf.:

    si forte aliquid decoctius audis,

    id. 1, 125).—Of the voice, rough, hoarse:

    quia crudus fuerit,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 125.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Raw, not prepared or matured:

    ut cibos mansos ac prope liquefactos demittimus, quo facilius digerantur, ita lectio non cruda, sed multā iteratione mollita et velut confecta memoriae tradatur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 19.—
    b.
    Rough, unfeeling, cruel, merciless ( poet.).
    (α).
    Of personal subjects:

    dicat me Crudum virum esse,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 8, 14; id. Poen. 5, 2, 148; Ov. M. 4, 240:

    Getae,

    id. Tr. 5, 3, 8:

    cena, crude Thyesta, tua,

    Mart. 4, 49, 4:

    crudus et leti artifex,

    Sen. Hippol. 1220.—More freq.,
    (β).
    Of things as subjects:

    bella,

    Ov. Am. 3, 8, 58:

    ensis,

    Verg. A. 10, 682; cf. Sil. 7, 113; Stat. Th. 10, 342:

    tyrannis,

    Juv. 8, 223: crudissimum pistrinum, most rude, uncultivated, Cassius ap. Suet. Aug. 4.— Adv. not in use.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > crudus

  • 3 acerbus

        acerbus adj. with comp. and sup.    [2 AC-].—In taste, harsh, bitter, unripe: uva, Ph. — Meton., to the senses, harsh, sharp, bitter: frigus, H.: recitator, of harsh voice, H. — Neut. plur. As adv.: acerba sonans, V. — Fig., of character and conduct, rough, harsh, violent, rigorous, crabbed, severe, repulsive, hard, morose: acerbus odistis et fugis, H.: occupat speciem taciturnus acerbi, morose, H.: convicium, Ph. — Neut. plur. As adv.: acerba fremens, chafing with rage, V. — Of things, events, etc., premature, crude, unripe: virginis aures, O.: funus, V.: mors, O. — Grievous, bitter, severe, oppressive, burdensome, distressing: dilectus, a rigid conscription, L.: acerba fata Romanos agunt, H.: volnus, V.: imperium acerbius, N.: luctus: mors acerbissima.— Subst: quidquid acerbi est, all the bitterness (of death), V.: tot acerba, V.
    * * *
    acerba -um, acerbior -or -us, acerbissimus -a -um ADJ
    harsh, strident, bitter, sour; unripe, green, unfinished; grievous; gloomy

    Latin-English dictionary > acerbus

  • 4 aes

        aes aeris, n    crude metal, base metal, copper: uti aere pro nummo, Cs.: aeris metalla, V.— Hence, bronze, an alloy of copper and tin: ex aere statua.—As symbol of indomitable courage: aes triplex Circa pectus, H.; of durability: monumentum aere perennius, H.: quae (acta) ille in aes incidit, i. e. engraved on a copper tablet for deposit in the aerarium: in aere incidere: aera legum, i. e. tablets inscribed with the laws.—Plur., works of art in bronze, bronzes: grata aera, H.: aera voltum simulantia, a bust, H.: aere ciere viros, a trumpet, V.: aeris cornua flexi, O.— Plur, cymbals, H.: aera micantia cerno, i. e. arms of bronze, V.: spumas salis aere ruebant, with the prow, V.: inquinavit aere tempus aureum, i. e. degeneracy, H.: aes exigitur, i. e. money, H.: meret aera, earns money, H.: gravis aere dextra, V.: danda aera militibus, L.: octonis referentes Idibus aera, i. e. carrying the teacher's fees, H.—Esp. in the phrases, aes alienum, another's money, i. e. debt: aes alienum suscipere amicorum, assume: in aere alieno esse: conflare, S.: aere alieno premi, Cs.: dissolvere, discharge: solvere, S.: te aere alieno liberare: ex aere alieno laborare, to be oppressed by debt, Cs.: nexus ob aes alienum, bound for debt, L. —Hence, librāque et aere liberatus, released from the debtor's bond, L.—Aes mutuum reddere, borrowed money, S.—Aes suum, one's own money: meosum pauper in aere, i. e. I am poor, but not in debt, H.—Fig. (colloq.): te in meo aere esse, i. e. at my service. — The unit of the coin standard (cf. as): aes grave, the old heavy money, a pound of copper: denis millibus aeris gravis reos condemnat, L.— And aes alone and in the gen sing. (cf assium): aeris miliens, triciens, C., L.—Fig., wages earned: annua aera habes, L.; hence, military service: istius aera illa vetera, campaigns.
    * * *
    money, pay, fee, fare; copper/bronze/brass, base metal; (w/alienum) debt; gong

    Latin-English dictionary > aes

  • 5 horridus

        horridus adj. with comp.    [HORS-], standing on end, rough, shaggy, bristly, prickly: barbula: caesaries, O.: Horridior rusco, V.: densis hastilibus horrida myrtus, V.— Rough, rude, crude, rugged, wild, savage: pecudis iecur: pastor, O.. Acestes in iaculis, V.: Silvanus, H.: Sedes Taenari, H.: Hiemps tremulo venit horrida passu, O.: Iuppiter austris, V.: stiria, V.: fluctus, H.— Unkempt, with dishevelled hair: Capillus passus, ipsa horrida, T.: mater, Iu.—Fig., in character or manners, rough, rude, blunt, stern, unpolished, uncouth: vitā, oratione: miles: Fidens iuventus horrida bracchiis, H.: gens, V.: horridus irā (Boreas), O.: horridiora verba: numerus Saturnius, H.— Causing tremor, exciting horror, terrible, frightful, horrid: horridiores aspectu, Cs.: acies, V.: virga (mortis), H.: iussa, V.
    * * *
    horrida, horridum ADJ
    wild, frightful, rough, bristly, standing on end, unkempt; grim; horrible

    Latin-English dictionary > horridus

  • 6 in-ērudītus

        in-ērudītus adj.,    unlearned, illiterate: Epicurus.—Crude, inconsiderate: illud tam ineruditum respondere.

    Latin-English dictionary > in-ērudītus

  • 7 rūta

        rūta ōrum, n    [P. plur. n. of ruo], things dug up, mining products, minerals, only in the phrase, ruta et caesa or ruta caesa, the crude products of an estate, timber and minerals: fundum vendere rutis caesis receptis, i. e. reserving the timper and minerals.
    * * *
    rue, a bitter herb

    Latin-English dictionary > rūta

  • 8 inconditus

    incondita, inconditum ADJ
    rough, crude; uncivilized; disordered, not disciplined

    Latin-English dictionary > inconditus

  • 9 acerbum

    ăcerbus, a, um, adj. [fr. 2. acer, like superbus fr. super, yet the short ă should be noticed], harsh to the taste, of every object which has an astringent effect upon the tongue (opp. suavis, Lucr. 4, 661 sq.).
    I.
    Prop.:

    Neptuni corpus acerbum,

    bitter, briny, Lucr. 2, 472; and esp. of unripe fruit, sharp, sour, harsh, and the like:

    uva primo est peracerba gustatu, deinde maturata dulcescit,

    Cic. de Sen. 15:

    saporum genera tredecim reperiuntur: acer, acutus, acerbus, acidus, salsus, etc.,

    Plin. 15, 27, 32; and since the harshness of fruit is always a sign of immaturity, so Varro, Cicero, Pliny, et al. use acerbus as a syn. for crudus, immaturus, unripe, crude, lit. and trop.: nondum matura uva est, nolo acerbam sumere, Phaed. 4, 2, 4; so Ov. Am. 2, 14, 24;

    and trop.: impolitae res et acerbae si erunt relictae,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 14; cf. Gell. 13, 2.—Hence: virgo acerba, not yet marriageable, Varr. ap. Non. 247, 15; and esp. poet. (opp. to virgo matura, v. maturus): funus acerbum, as a translation of the Gr. thaWatos aôros (Eur. Orest. 1030), Auct. Or. pro Dom. 16:

    ante diem edere partus acerbos,

    premature, Ov. F. 4, 647. —
    B.
    Transf.
    (α).
    to sounds, harsh, hoarse, rough, shrill:

    serrae stridentis acerbum horrorem, Lucr, 2, 410: vox acerbissima,

    Auct. Her. 4, 47;
    (β).
    to feeling, sharp, keen:

    frigus,

    bitter, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 53.
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    Of men: Rough, coarse, repulsive, morose, violent, hard, rigorous, severe:

    melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri quam eos amicos, qui dulces videantur,

    Cic. Lael. 24:

    posse enim asotos ex Aristippi, acerbos e Zenonis schola exire,

    for there may go forth sensualists from the school of Aristippus, crabbed fellows from that of Zeno, id. N. D. 3, 31 (cf. acriculus):

    acerbissimi feneratores,

    id. Att. 6, 1;

    so of adversaries or enemies,

    violent, furious, bitter, Cic. Fam. 1, 4:

    acerbissimus hostis,

    id. Cat. 4, 6 fin.; so id. Fam. 3, 8:

    acerbus odisti,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 85 K. &

    H.: quid messes uris acerba tuas?

    Tib. 1, 2, 98 al. —
    B.
    Of things, harsh, heavy, disagreeable, grievous, troublesome, bitter, sad (very often, esp. in Cic.):

    ut acerbum est, pro benefactis cum mali messem metas!

    Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 52; cf. Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1; Att. ap. Non. 72, 29:

    in rebus acerbis,

    Lucr. 3, 54:

    acerbissimum supplicium,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 6:

    acerbissima vexatio,

    id. ib. 4, 1:

    acerba memoria temporis,

    id. Planc. 41: acerbissimā morte affectus, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2 al.—Hence acerbum funus (diff. from above), a bitter, painful death, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

    acerbum funus filiae,

    id. As. 3, 3, 5, and so Nep. Cim. 4: vita ejus fuit secura et mors acerba, afflicting, painful, unwelcome. —In the neutr. subst.: ăcer-bum, i, calamity, misfortune, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 21; Verg. A. 12, 500—acerba, n. plur. adv. acc. to the Gr. idiom, Lucr. 5, 34 (cf. acuta et al.), several times imitated by Verg. A. 12, 398; 9, 794; id. G. 3, 149.— Adv.: ăcerbe, harshly, sharply, severely, etc., in the trop. signif. of the adj., Cic. Fam. 1, 5; id. N. D. 2, 33; id. Planc. 1:

    idem acerbe severus in filium,

    id. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 3, 50. 12; 7, 3, 9; Tac. A. 2, 87 al.— Comp., Cic. Lael. 16; Suet. Tib. 25.— Sup., Cic. Att. 11, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 2; also Cic. Planc. 35, 86, where, of an exclamation of severe grief, acerbissime for acerrime is defended against Lambinus and Ernesti by Wunder, Planc. l. c. p. 217; so B. & K.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > acerbum

  • 10 acerbus

    ăcerbus, a, um, adj. [fr. 2. acer, like superbus fr. super, yet the short ă should be noticed], harsh to the taste, of every object which has an astringent effect upon the tongue (opp. suavis, Lucr. 4, 661 sq.).
    I.
    Prop.:

    Neptuni corpus acerbum,

    bitter, briny, Lucr. 2, 472; and esp. of unripe fruit, sharp, sour, harsh, and the like:

    uva primo est peracerba gustatu, deinde maturata dulcescit,

    Cic. de Sen. 15:

    saporum genera tredecim reperiuntur: acer, acutus, acerbus, acidus, salsus, etc.,

    Plin. 15, 27, 32; and since the harshness of fruit is always a sign of immaturity, so Varro, Cicero, Pliny, et al. use acerbus as a syn. for crudus, immaturus, unripe, crude, lit. and trop.: nondum matura uva est, nolo acerbam sumere, Phaed. 4, 2, 4; so Ov. Am. 2, 14, 24;

    and trop.: impolitae res et acerbae si erunt relictae,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 14; cf. Gell. 13, 2.—Hence: virgo acerba, not yet marriageable, Varr. ap. Non. 247, 15; and esp. poet. (opp. to virgo matura, v. maturus): funus acerbum, as a translation of the Gr. thaWatos aôros (Eur. Orest. 1030), Auct. Or. pro Dom. 16:

    ante diem edere partus acerbos,

    premature, Ov. F. 4, 647. —
    B.
    Transf.
    (α).
    to sounds, harsh, hoarse, rough, shrill:

    serrae stridentis acerbum horrorem, Lucr, 2, 410: vox acerbissima,

    Auct. Her. 4, 47;
    (β).
    to feeling, sharp, keen:

    frigus,

    bitter, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 53.
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    Of men: Rough, coarse, repulsive, morose, violent, hard, rigorous, severe:

    melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri quam eos amicos, qui dulces videantur,

    Cic. Lael. 24:

    posse enim asotos ex Aristippi, acerbos e Zenonis schola exire,

    for there may go forth sensualists from the school of Aristippus, crabbed fellows from that of Zeno, id. N. D. 3, 31 (cf. acriculus):

    acerbissimi feneratores,

    id. Att. 6, 1;

    so of adversaries or enemies,

    violent, furious, bitter, Cic. Fam. 1, 4:

    acerbissimus hostis,

    id. Cat. 4, 6 fin.; so id. Fam. 3, 8:

    acerbus odisti,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 85 K. &

    H.: quid messes uris acerba tuas?

    Tib. 1, 2, 98 al. —
    B.
    Of things, harsh, heavy, disagreeable, grievous, troublesome, bitter, sad (very often, esp. in Cic.):

    ut acerbum est, pro benefactis cum mali messem metas!

    Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 52; cf. Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1; Att. ap. Non. 72, 29:

    in rebus acerbis,

    Lucr. 3, 54:

    acerbissimum supplicium,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 6:

    acerbissima vexatio,

    id. ib. 4, 1:

    acerba memoria temporis,

    id. Planc. 41: acerbissimā morte affectus, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2 al.—Hence acerbum funus (diff. from above), a bitter, painful death, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

    acerbum funus filiae,

    id. As. 3, 3, 5, and so Nep. Cim. 4: vita ejus fuit secura et mors acerba, afflicting, painful, unwelcome. —In the neutr. subst.: ăcer-bum, i, calamity, misfortune, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 21; Verg. A. 12, 500—acerba, n. plur. adv. acc. to the Gr. idiom, Lucr. 5, 34 (cf. acuta et al.), several times imitated by Verg. A. 12, 398; 9, 794; id. G. 3, 149.— Adv.: ăcerbe, harshly, sharply, severely, etc., in the trop. signif. of the adj., Cic. Fam. 1, 5; id. N. D. 2, 33; id. Planc. 1:

    idem acerbe severus in filium,

    id. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 3, 50. 12; 7, 3, 9; Tac. A. 2, 87 al.— Comp., Cic. Lael. 16; Suet. Tib. 25.— Sup., Cic. Att. 11, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 2; also Cic. Planc. 35, 86, where, of an exclamation of severe grief, acerbissime for acerrime is defended against Lambinus and Ernesti by Wunder, Planc. l. c. p. 217; so B. & K.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > acerbus

  • 11 aes

    aes, aeris (often used in plur. nom. and acc.; abl. aeribus, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll., and Lucr. 2, 636; gen. AERVM, Inscr. Orell. 3551), n. [cf. Germ. Eisen = iron, Erz = copper; Goth. aiz = copper, gold; Angl.Sax. ar, ær = ore, copper, brass; Eng. iron, ore; Lat. aurum; with the com. notion of brightness; cf. aurora, etc.].
    I.
    Any crude metal dug out of the earth, except gold and silver; esp.,
    a.
    Aes Cyprium, whence cuprum, copper: scoria aeris, copper dross or scoria, Plin. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

    aeris flos,

    flowers of copper, id. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

    squama aeris,

    scales of copper, Cels. 2, 12 init.:

    aes fundere,

    Plin. 33, 5, 30, § 94:

    conflare et temperare,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 197:

    India neque aes neque plumbum habet,

    id. 34, 17, 48, § 163:

    aurum et argentum et aes,

    Vulg. Ex. 25, 3.—
    b.
    An alloy, for the most part of copper and tin, bronze (brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, was hardly known to the ancients. For their bronze coins the Greeks adhered to copper and tin till B.C. 400, after which they added lead. Silver is rare in Greek bronze coins. The Romans admitted lead into their bronze coins, but gradually reduced the quantity, and, under Calig., Nero, Vesp., and Domit., issued pure copper coins, and then reverted to the mixture of lead. In the bronze mirrors now existing, which are nearly all Etruscan, silver predominated to give a highly reflecting surface. The antique bronze had about 87 parts of copper to 13 of tin. An analysis of several objects has given the following centesimal parts: statua ex aere, Cic. Phil. 9, 6:

    simulacrum ex aere factum,

    Plin. 34, 4, 9, § 15:

    valvas ex aere factitavere,

    id. 34, 3, 7, § 13.—Hence:

    ducere aliquem ex aere,

    to cast one's image in bronze, id. 7, 37, 38, § 125; and in the same sense poet.:

    ducere aera,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 240:

    aes Corinthium,

    Plin. 34, 2, 3, §§ 5-8; v. Corinthius.—
    II.
    Meton.
    A.
    (Esp. in the poets.) For everything made or prepared from copper, bronze, etc. ( statues, tables of laws, money), and (as the ancients had the art of hardening and tempering copper and bronze) weapons, armor, utensils of husbandry: aes sonit, franguntur hastae, the trumpet sounds, Enn. ap. Non. 504, 32 (Trag. v. 213 Vahl.):

    Et prior aeris erat quam ferri cognitus usus: Aere solum terrae tractabant, aereque belli Miscebant fluctus et vulnera vasta serebant, etc.,

    Lucr. 5, 1287:

    quae ille in aes incidit, in quo populi jussa perpetuasque leges esse voluit,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17; cf. id. Fam. 12, 1; Tac. A. 11, 14; 12, 53; id. H. 4, 40: aere ( with the trumpet, horn) ciere viros, Verg. A. 6, 165:

    non tuba directi, non aeris cornua flexi,

    Ov. M. 1, 98 (hence also rectum aes, the tuba, in contr. with the crooked buccina, Juv. 2, 118); a brazen prow, Verg. A. 1, 35; the brazen age, Hor. Epod. 16, 64.—In plur.: aera, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll.; Verg. A. 2, 734; Hor. C. 4, 8, 2 al.—
    B.
    Money: the first Roman money consisted of small rude masses of copper, called aes rude, Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43; afterwards as coined:

    aes signatum,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 3; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43;

    so aes alone: si aes habent, dant mercem,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 49:

    ancilla aere suo empta,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 26: aes circumforaneum. borrowed from the brokers in the forum, Cic. Att. 2, 1: Hic meret aera liber Sosiis, earns them money, Hor. A. P. [p. 61] 345:

    gravis aere dextra,

    Verg. E. 1, 36:

    effusum est aes tuum,

    Vulg. Ez. 16, 36:

    neque in zona aes (tollerent),

    ib. Maarc. 6, 8:

    etiam aureos nummos aes dicimus,

    Dig. 50, 16, 159.—Hence,
    1.
    Aes alienum, lit. the money of another; hence, in reference to him who has it, the sum owed, a debt, Plaut. Curc. 3, 1, 2:

    habere aes alienum,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 6:

    aes alienum amicorum suscipere,

    to take upon one's self, id. Off. 2, 16:

    contrahere,

    to run up, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    facere,

    id. Att. 13, 46:

    conflare,

    Sall. C. 14, 2; 24, 3:

    in aes alienum incidere,

    to fall into debt, Cic. Cat. 2, 9:

    in aere alieno esse,

    to be in debt, id. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 6; so,

    aere alieno oppressum esse,

    id. Font. 1; so Vulg. 1 Reg. 22, 2:

    laborare ex aere alieno,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 22:

    liberare se aere alieno,

    to get quit of, Cic. Att. 6, 2; so,

    aes alienum dissolvere,

    id. Sull. 56:

    aere alieno exire,

    to get out of, id. Phil. 11, 6.—
    2.
    In aere meo est, trop., he is, as it were, among my effects, he is my friend (only in the language of common conversation):

    in animo habui te in aere meo esse propter Lamiae nostri conjunctionem,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 62; 15, 14.—
    * 3.
    Alicujus aeris esse, to be of some value, Gell. 18, 5.—
    * 4.
    In aere suo censeri, to be esteemed according to its own worth, Sen. Ep. 87.—
    C.
    Sometimes = as, the unit of the standard of money (cf. as); hence, aes grave, the old heary money (as weighed, not counted out):

    denis milibus aeris gravis reos condemnavit,

    Liv. 5, 12:

    indicibus dena milia aeris gravis, quae tum divitiae habebantur, data,

    id. 4, 60; so, aes alone and in the gen. sing., instead of assium:

    aeris miliens, triciens,

    a hundred millions, three millions, Cic. Rep. 3, 10:

    qui milibus aeris quinquaginta census fuisset,

    Liv. 24, 11.—Also for coins that are smaller than an as (quadrans, triens, etc.):

    nec pueri credunt, nisi qui nondum aere, i. e. quadrante, lavantur (those who bathed paid each a quadrans),

    Juv. 2, 152 (cf.:

    dum tu quadrante lavatum Rex ibis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 137).—
    D.
    Wages, pay.
    1.
    A soldier's pay = stipendium:

    negabant danda esse aera militibus,

    Liv. 5, 4. And soon after: annua aera habes: annuam operam ede.— Hence in plur., = stipendia, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 33.—
    2.
    Reward, payment, in gen., Juv. 6, 125: nullum in bonis numero, quod ad aes exit, that has in view or aims at pay, reward, Sen. Ep. 88.—
    E.
    In plur.: aera, counters; hence also the items of a computed sum (for which, later, a sing. form aera, ae (q. v.), came into use): si aera singula probāsti, summam, quae ex his confecta sit, non probare? Cic. ap. Non. 3, 18.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aes

  • 12 frugis

    frux, frūgis, and more freq. in plur. frūges, um (also in nom. sing. frugis:

    frugi rectus est natura frux, at secundum consuetudinem dicimus, ut haec avis, haec ovis, sic haec frugis,

    Varr. L. L. 9, § 76 dub.), f. [from the root FRUG; v. fruor], fruits of the earth (that may be enjoyed), produce of the fields, pulse, legumes (whereas fructus denotes chiefly tree-fruit, and frumentum halm-fruit, grain), sometimes also, in gen., for fruits (grain, tree-fruit, etc.).
    I.
    Lit.
    (α).
    Plur.:

    terra feta frugibus et vario leguminum genere,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156:

    fruges terrae,

    id. Div. 1, 51, 116; id. de Sen. 2, 5; cf.:

    nos fruges serimus, nos arbores,

    id. N. D. 2, 60, 152:

    ubertas frugum et fructuum,

    id. ib. 3, 36, 86:

    frugum fructuumque reliquorum perceptio,

    id. Off. 2, 3, 12:

    oleam frugesve ferre,

    id. Rep. 3, 9:

    neque foliis, neque oleo neque frumento neque frugibus usurum,

    Dig. 7, 8, 12; cf. ib. 50, 16, 77: arbores frondescere... segetes largiri fruges, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69 (Trag. v. 195 Vahl.): ut cum fruges [p. 787] Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum, Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60; cf. Lucr. 2, 656:

    inventis frugibus,

    Cic. Or. 9, 31:

    fruges in ea terra (Sicilia) primum repertas esse arbitrantur,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 106:

    cultus agrorum perceptioque frugum,

    id. Rep. 2, 14: lentiscus triplici solita grandescere fetu, Ter fruges fundens, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 9, 15: arboreae, Cornif. ap. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 55:

    roburneae,

    Col. 9, 1, 5:

    (Gallorum gens) dulcedine frugum maximeque vini capta,

    Liv. 5, 33, 2 al. — Poet.:

    salsae fruges = mola salsa,

    the sacrificial roasted barley-meal mixed with salt, Verg. A. 2, 133; 12, 173:

    medicatae,

    magic herbs, id. ib. 6, 420.—
    (β).
    Sing.: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.; cf. ib. v. 318):

    spicea frux, Aus. Monos. de Cibis, 4: (mensae) exstructae dapibus nec tostae frugis egentes,

    Ov. M. 11, 121:

    ut non omnem frugem neque arborem in omni agro reperire possis,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 27, 75:

    fundit frugem spici ordine structam,

    id. de Sen. 15, 51:

    quercus et ilex multa fruge pecus juvet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 10:

    sit bona librorum et provisae frugis in annum Copia,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 109.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., like fructus, result, success, value (rare but class.):

    quae virtutis maturitas et quantae fruges industriae sint futurae,

    Cic. Cael. 31, 76:

    illae sunt animi fruges,

    Auct. Aetn. 273:

    generare atque ad frugem aliquam perducere,

    to some maturity, Quint. 6, 2, 3; cf.:

    illud ingeniorum velut praecox genus non temere umquam pervenit ad frugem,

    id. 1, 3, 3:

    jam ego et ipsa frugem tuam periclitabor,

    maturity of mind, ability, App. M. 6, p. 177, 13:

    hominem nihili, neque rei neque frugis bonae,

    Gell. 6, 11, 2; cf. B. 1. b infra. — Poet.: centuriae seniorum agitant expertia frugis, rail at what is crude, worthless (= poëmata nimis jocosa), Hor. A. P. 341: cultor enim juvenum purgatas inseris aures Fruge Cleanthea, with Cleanthian fruit, i. e. doctrine, Pers. 5, 64:

    herus si tuus volet facere frugem, meum herum perdet,

    i. e. to act with advantage, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 70.—
    B.
    In partic., of moral character.
    1.
    frugi (a dat. form, fit for food; frugi aptus, serviceable, chrêsimos, chrêstos; hence, transf.), as adj. indecl., useful, fit, proper, worthy, honest, discreet, virtuous, temperate, frugal (class.; for comp. and sup. the words frugalior and frugalissimus were used;

    v. frugalis): frugi hominem dici non multum habet laudis in rege,

    Cic. Deiot. 9, 26; cf. id. Tusc. 3, 8, 16 sq.:

    qui (L. Piso) tanta virtute atque integritate fuit, ut... solus Frugi nominaretur. Quem cum in contionem Gracchus vocari juberet et viator quaereret, quem Pisonem, quod erant plures: Cogis me, inquit, dicere inimicum meum frugi,

    id. Font. 13, 29; cf.:

    loquitur ut Frugi ille Piso,

    id. Fin. 2, 28, 90:

    homines plane frugi ac sobrii,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 27, § 67:

    ego praeter alios meum virum fui rata Siccum, frugi, continentem (opp. madidum, nihili, incontinentem),

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 7:

    hominis frugi et temperantis functus officium,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 19:

    parcius hic vivit: frugi dicatur,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 49:

    Antonius frugi factus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:

    (Penelope) tam frugi tamque pudica,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 77:

    sum bonus et frugi,

    id. Ep. 1, 16, 49:

    quo sane populus numerabilis, utpote parvus, Et frugi castusque verecundusque coibat,

    id. A. P. 207:

    servus frugi atque integer,

    Cic. Clu. 16, 47:

    Davus, amicum mancipium domino et frugi,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 3:

    liberti probi et frugi,

    Plin. Pan. 88, 2:

    quae (lena) frugi esse vult,

    useful, serviceable, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 23; Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 59.—
    (β).
    Strengthened by the attributive bonae:

    is probus est, quem paenitet, quam probus sit et frugi bonae: Qui ipsus sibi satis placet, nec probus est nec frugi bonae,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 39 and 40; id. As. 3, 3, 12; id. Poen. 4, 2, 23:

    (Fabius Luscus) satis acutus et permodestus ac bonae frugi,

    Cic. Att. 4, 8, 3.—
    b.
    Of inanim. and abstr. things: frugi severaque vita, honest, virtuous, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

    victus luxuriosus, an frugi, an sordidus, quaeritur,

    frugal, temperate, Quint. 5, 10, 27; cf.:

    atrium frugi nec tamen sordidum,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4:

    cena,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 4; Juv. 3, 167:

    jentacula,

    Mart. 13, 31, 1.—
    * 2.
    Frux = homo frugi, worthy, honest: dictum factumque facit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 318 Vahl.). —
    3.
    Ad frugem or ad bonam frugem, in vulg. lang. (to turn or bring one's self) to moral worth, excellence, virtue:

    equidem multos vidi et in hac civitate, qui totam adolescentiam voluptatibus dedissent, emersisse aliquando et se ad frugem bonam, ut dicitur, recepisse gravesque homines atque illustres fuisse,

    have reformed, Cic. Cael. 12, 28:

    multa ad bonam frugem ducentia in eo libro scripta sunt,

    Gell. 13, 27, 2:

    quin tu adolescentem, quem esse corruptum vides, restituis? quin ad frugem corrigis?

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 81; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 10, 10:

    certum'st ad frugem applicare animum,

    id. Trin. 2, 1, 34.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > frugis

  • 13 frux

    frux, frūgis, and more freq. in plur. frūges, um (also in nom. sing. frugis:

    frugi rectus est natura frux, at secundum consuetudinem dicimus, ut haec avis, haec ovis, sic haec frugis,

    Varr. L. L. 9, § 76 dub.), f. [from the root FRUG; v. fruor], fruits of the earth (that may be enjoyed), produce of the fields, pulse, legumes (whereas fructus denotes chiefly tree-fruit, and frumentum halm-fruit, grain), sometimes also, in gen., for fruits (grain, tree-fruit, etc.).
    I.
    Lit.
    (α).
    Plur.:

    terra feta frugibus et vario leguminum genere,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156:

    fruges terrae,

    id. Div. 1, 51, 116; id. de Sen. 2, 5; cf.:

    nos fruges serimus, nos arbores,

    id. N. D. 2, 60, 152:

    ubertas frugum et fructuum,

    id. ib. 3, 36, 86:

    frugum fructuumque reliquorum perceptio,

    id. Off. 2, 3, 12:

    oleam frugesve ferre,

    id. Rep. 3, 9:

    neque foliis, neque oleo neque frumento neque frugibus usurum,

    Dig. 7, 8, 12; cf. ib. 50, 16, 77: arbores frondescere... segetes largiri fruges, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69 (Trag. v. 195 Vahl.): ut cum fruges [p. 787] Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum, Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60; cf. Lucr. 2, 656:

    inventis frugibus,

    Cic. Or. 9, 31:

    fruges in ea terra (Sicilia) primum repertas esse arbitrantur,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 106:

    cultus agrorum perceptioque frugum,

    id. Rep. 2, 14: lentiscus triplici solita grandescere fetu, Ter fruges fundens, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 9, 15: arboreae, Cornif. ap. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 55:

    roburneae,

    Col. 9, 1, 5:

    (Gallorum gens) dulcedine frugum maximeque vini capta,

    Liv. 5, 33, 2 al. — Poet.:

    salsae fruges = mola salsa,

    the sacrificial roasted barley-meal mixed with salt, Verg. A. 2, 133; 12, 173:

    medicatae,

    magic herbs, id. ib. 6, 420.—
    (β).
    Sing.: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.; cf. ib. v. 318):

    spicea frux, Aus. Monos. de Cibis, 4: (mensae) exstructae dapibus nec tostae frugis egentes,

    Ov. M. 11, 121:

    ut non omnem frugem neque arborem in omni agro reperire possis,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 27, 75:

    fundit frugem spici ordine structam,

    id. de Sen. 15, 51:

    quercus et ilex multa fruge pecus juvet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 10:

    sit bona librorum et provisae frugis in annum Copia,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 109.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., like fructus, result, success, value (rare but class.):

    quae virtutis maturitas et quantae fruges industriae sint futurae,

    Cic. Cael. 31, 76:

    illae sunt animi fruges,

    Auct. Aetn. 273:

    generare atque ad frugem aliquam perducere,

    to some maturity, Quint. 6, 2, 3; cf.:

    illud ingeniorum velut praecox genus non temere umquam pervenit ad frugem,

    id. 1, 3, 3:

    jam ego et ipsa frugem tuam periclitabor,

    maturity of mind, ability, App. M. 6, p. 177, 13:

    hominem nihili, neque rei neque frugis bonae,

    Gell. 6, 11, 2; cf. B. 1. b infra. — Poet.: centuriae seniorum agitant expertia frugis, rail at what is crude, worthless (= poëmata nimis jocosa), Hor. A. P. 341: cultor enim juvenum purgatas inseris aures Fruge Cleanthea, with Cleanthian fruit, i. e. doctrine, Pers. 5, 64:

    herus si tuus volet facere frugem, meum herum perdet,

    i. e. to act with advantage, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 70.—
    B.
    In partic., of moral character.
    1.
    frugi (a dat. form, fit for food; frugi aptus, serviceable, chrêsimos, chrêstos; hence, transf.), as adj. indecl., useful, fit, proper, worthy, honest, discreet, virtuous, temperate, frugal (class.; for comp. and sup. the words frugalior and frugalissimus were used;

    v. frugalis): frugi hominem dici non multum habet laudis in rege,

    Cic. Deiot. 9, 26; cf. id. Tusc. 3, 8, 16 sq.:

    qui (L. Piso) tanta virtute atque integritate fuit, ut... solus Frugi nominaretur. Quem cum in contionem Gracchus vocari juberet et viator quaereret, quem Pisonem, quod erant plures: Cogis me, inquit, dicere inimicum meum frugi,

    id. Font. 13, 29; cf.:

    loquitur ut Frugi ille Piso,

    id. Fin. 2, 28, 90:

    homines plane frugi ac sobrii,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 27, § 67:

    ego praeter alios meum virum fui rata Siccum, frugi, continentem (opp. madidum, nihili, incontinentem),

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 7:

    hominis frugi et temperantis functus officium,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 19:

    parcius hic vivit: frugi dicatur,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 49:

    Antonius frugi factus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:

    (Penelope) tam frugi tamque pudica,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 77:

    sum bonus et frugi,

    id. Ep. 1, 16, 49:

    quo sane populus numerabilis, utpote parvus, Et frugi castusque verecundusque coibat,

    id. A. P. 207:

    servus frugi atque integer,

    Cic. Clu. 16, 47:

    Davus, amicum mancipium domino et frugi,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 3:

    liberti probi et frugi,

    Plin. Pan. 88, 2:

    quae (lena) frugi esse vult,

    useful, serviceable, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 23; Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 59.—
    (β).
    Strengthened by the attributive bonae:

    is probus est, quem paenitet, quam probus sit et frugi bonae: Qui ipsus sibi satis placet, nec probus est nec frugi bonae,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 39 and 40; id. As. 3, 3, 12; id. Poen. 4, 2, 23:

    (Fabius Luscus) satis acutus et permodestus ac bonae frugi,

    Cic. Att. 4, 8, 3.—
    b.
    Of inanim. and abstr. things: frugi severaque vita, honest, virtuous, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

    victus luxuriosus, an frugi, an sordidus, quaeritur,

    frugal, temperate, Quint. 5, 10, 27; cf.:

    atrium frugi nec tamen sordidum,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4:

    cena,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 4; Juv. 3, 167:

    jentacula,

    Mart. 13, 31, 1.—
    * 2.
    Frux = homo frugi, worthy, honest: dictum factumque facit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 318 Vahl.). —
    3.
    Ad frugem or ad bonam frugem, in vulg. lang. (to turn or bring one's self) to moral worth, excellence, virtue:

    equidem multos vidi et in hac civitate, qui totam adolescentiam voluptatibus dedissent, emersisse aliquando et se ad frugem bonam, ut dicitur, recepisse gravesque homines atque illustres fuisse,

    have reformed, Cic. Cael. 12, 28:

    multa ad bonam frugem ducentia in eo libro scripta sunt,

    Gell. 13, 27, 2:

    quin tu adolescentem, quem esse corruptum vides, restituis? quin ad frugem corrigis?

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 81; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 10, 10:

    certum'st ad frugem applicare animum,

    id. Trin. 2, 1, 34.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > frux

  • 14 percrudus

    per-crūdus, a, um, adj.
    I.
    Lit., quite raw:

    coria,

    Vitr. 10, 20, 3.—
    II.
    Transf., quite unripe or crude:

    pruna,

    quite green, Col. 12, 10, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > percrudus

См. также в других словарях:

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  • crude — [kro͞od] adj. cruder, crudest [ME < L crudus, bleeding, raw, rough < IE base * kreu , congealed (blood) > RAW, Gr kryos, frost & kreas, flesh, L crusta, cruor, MIr cru, blood] 1. in a raw or natural condition, before being prepared for… …   English World dictionary

  • crude — crude; crude·ly; crude·ness; …   English syllables

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  • crude — [adj1] vulgar, unpolished in manner awkward, backward, barnyard*, boorish, cheap, cloddish, clumsy, coarse, crass, dirty, earthy, filthy, foul, grody*, gross*, ignorant, ill bred, indecent, indelicate, inelegant, insensible, lewd, loud, loud… …   New thesaurus

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  • crude — *rude, rough, uncouth, raw, callow, green Analogous words: primitive, primeval (see PRIMARY): *immature, unmatured: *coarse, vulgar, gross Antonyms: consummate, finished Contrasted words: cultivated, refined, cultured (see corresponding nouns at… …   New Dictionary of Synonyms

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