-
1 σφάλλω
Aσφᾰλῶ Th.7.67
: [tense] aor. 1 ἔσφηλα, [dialect] Ep.σφῆλα Od.17.464
, [dialect] Dor.ἔσφᾱλα Pi.P.8.15
: but the intrans. , Si.13.22, Am.5.2, opt. σφάλαι ib.Jb. 18.7, are prob. forms of a Hellenistic [tense] aor. 1 Εσφᾰλα (presupposing Εσφᾰλον as ἦλθα presupposes ἦλθον, etc.): [tense] pf.ἔσφαλκα Plb.8.9.2
:— [voice] Pass., [tense] fut.σφᾰλήσομαι S.Tr. 719
, 1113, Th.3.14, etc.; freq. in med. form σφᾰλοῦμαι, S.Fr. 588, X.Smp.2.26: [tense] aor. ἐσφάλην [ᾰ] Alc.Supp. 27.13 (prob.), Hdt.4.140, Th.8.24, etc.; ἐσφάλθην only in Gal.5.62: [tense] pf. , Pl.Cra. 436c: [tense] plpf.ἔσφαλτο Th.7.47
:— make to fall, overthrow, properly by tripping up, trip up in wrestling, ;οὐδ' ἄρα μιν σφῆλεν βέλος Od.17.464
;Ἕκτορα Pi.O.2.81
;ἀλλάλους σφάλλοντι παλαίμασι Theoc.24.112
; [ πώλους] E.Hipp. 1232;γόνυ τινός Id.Heracl. 128
;τινὰ γνύξ A.R.3.1310
;τινὰ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν D.S.14.23
; τὸ μὴ ὑπερπίνειν ἧττον ἂν καὶ σώματα καὶ γνώμας ς. X.Cyr.8.8.10, cf. 1.3.10 ([voice] Pass.); σ. ναῦς throw them on their beam-ends, Plu.Them.14, cf. Polyaen.3.11.13; [ ἵπποι] ἔσφηλαν (gnomic [tense] aor.) τὸν ἀναβάτην throw him, X.Eq.3.9:—[voice] Pass., to be tripped up,Φρυνίχου παλαίσμασιν Ar. Ra. 689
(troch.); of a drunken man, σφαλλόμενος προσέρχεται reeling, staggering, Id.V. 1324, cf. Heraclit. 117;σ. ὑπὸ οἴνου X.Lac.5.7
, cf. AP11.26 (Marc. Arg.);σ. ἵππος Plu.Phil.18
; σ. [ ἱππεύς] is thrown, X. Eq.7.7.II generally, cause to fall, overthrow,βία καὶ μεγάλαυχον ἔσφαλεν Pi.P.8.15
;ἀνθρώπων κακῶν ὁμιλίαι σ. τινά Hdt.7.16
.ά; σμικροὶ λόγοι ἔσφηλαν ἤδη καὶ κατώρθωσαν βροτούς S.El. 416
;σφάλλω.. ὅσοι φρονοῦσιν εἰς ἡμᾶς μέγα E.Hipp.6
; [ὀργὴ] πλεῖστα.. σ. βροτούς Id.Fr.31
; ἡ καταφρόνησις, ἡ ἀπειρία σ. τινά, Th.1.122, 2.87: abs.,ἀτρεκεῖς ἐπιτηδεύσεις φασὶ σφάλλειν πλέον ἢ τέρπειν E.Hipp. 262
(anap.): also of things,ἁμαρτίαι σ. τὴν σωτηρίαν S.Fr. 192
;δειναὶ τύχαι σ. δόμους E.Med. 198
(anap.);σ. τὰς πόλεις Th.3.37
, etc.;σ. δίκαν E.Andr. 780
(lyr.); σφάλλων, name of a throw of the dice, Eub.57.5 (s. v.l.):—[voice] Pass., to be overthrown, fall, esp. of persons falling from high fortunes,σφαλεὶς γὰρ οὐδεὶς εὖ βεβουλεῦσθαι δοκεῖ Chaerem. 26
, cf. S.Tr. 297, 719, E.Fr.262.2, etc.; ἢν σφαλῇ [ ἡ Ἑλλάς] Hdt.7.168; ἢν ἄρα τι σφαλλώμεθα, opp. κατορθοῦν, Th.1.140, cf. Ar. Ra. 736 (troch.), Pl. 351;σφαλλομένους ἐπανορθῶν X.Mem.2.4.6
;ταῖς τύχαις σφάλλεσθαι Th.2.87
, cf. 43; ὑπὸ νόσων, ἐρώτων, μέθης ἐσφαλμένος, Pl.R. 396d; ὑπὸ χρόνων τι ς. suffer from length of time, Id.Lg. 769c: c. dat. modi,σφάλλεσθαι ἀξιόχρεῳ δυνάμει Th.6.10
;τοῖς ἀγῶσι Id.7.61
;τοῖς ὅλοις Plb.1.43.8
: with a Prep.,ἐν τῇ μάχῃ X. HG7.2.2
, cf. Hdt.7.50;τι ἐν τοῖς λόγοις Pl.Grg. 461d
; ;περί τινος Plu.2.164c
: with neut. Adj.,σφάλλεσθαι ἓν μέγα Pl.Lg. 648e
; ἐν τοῖς δικασταῖς, κοὐκ ἐμοί, τόδ' ἐσφάλη this mishap took place by means of.., S.Aj. 1136; οὔ τι μὴ σφαλῶ γ' ἐν σοί I shall not fail in thy business, Id.Tr. 621.III baffle, balk, frustrate, of an oracle, Hdt.7.142;θεὰ ἤδη μ'.. ἔσφηλεν S.Aj. 452
, cf. E.Alc.34 (anap.), Andr. 223; ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ τὴν πόλιν ς. Aeschin.3.125:— [voice] Pass., err, go wrong, be mistaken,κατὰ γνώμην Hdt.7.52
: abs., S.El. 1481, E.IA 1541, etc.; μῶν ἐσφάλμεθ'; am I mistaken? Id.Andr. 896;ἡ ψυχὴ πολλὰ σφάλλεται Isoc.1.32
;γνώμῃ σφαλέντες Th.4.18
; διανοίᾳ ς. Pl.Sph. 229c; so σ. τὴν γνώμην, τὸν λογισμόν, Clearch.23, Plu. Sull.15: c. inf., οὐκ ἂν σφαλείη.. ἑλέσθαι be led astray into choosing, Id.2.711b.2 [voice] Pass. also, c. gen. rei, to be balked of or foiled in a thing, ἦ καὶ πατήρ τι σφάλλεται βουλευμάτων; A.Eu. 717; γάμων, δόξης, τύχης, E.Or. 1078, Med. 1010, Ph. 758;τῆς δόξης Th.4.85
;τοῦ αὐχήματος Id.7.66
, cf. 5.110;οὐκ ἔσφαλται τῆς ἀληθείας Pl.Cra. 436c
;τῶν πραγμάτων ᾗ ἔχει Id.Hp.Mi. 372b
; ἀνδρός lose him, S.Tr. 1113;τοῦ παντός Plu.Brut.20
:— σφάλλειν τινὰ ἀπ' ἐλπίδος cast him down from his hope, Luc.Dem.Enc.29. -
2 χρόνος
χρόνος, ὁ,A time, Hom. (v. infr.), etc.: dist. fr. καιρός, D.59.35, cf. Ammon.Diff.p.79 V.; τῶν δὲ πεπραγμένων ἀποίητον οὐδ' ἂν χ. δύναιτο θέμεν τέλος P.O.2.17;μυρίος χ. Id.I.5(4).28
, S.OC 618;μακρὸς κἀναρίθμητος χ. Id.Aj. 646
;ὁ πᾶς χ. Pi.P.1.46
, cf. A.Eu. 484; πρόπας χ. ib. 898; ἐς τὸ πᾶν χρόνου ib. 670; but in Prose,τοῦ χ. τὸν πλεῖστον Th.1.30
, cf. Isoc.9.41;τὸν πρῶτον τοῦ χ. X.Lac.1.5
;τὸν δι' αἰῶνος χ. A.Ag. 554
; χρόνου πολλοῦ δέονται take a long time, X. Smp.2.4, etc.;δότε τι τῷ χ. Antipho 5.86
.b time in the abstract, ἀμερὴς χ. Timo 76;τριμερής S.E.M.10.197
, cf. Plu.2.153b; defined by Zeno Stoic.1.26, Apollod. ib.3.260.2 a definite time, period, δεκέτης, τρίμηνος, S.Ph. 715 (lyr.), Tr. 164; χ. βίου, ἥβης χ., E.Alc. 670, El.20;πολὺν ἀριθμὸν χρόνου γεγονότες Aeschin.1.49
: pl., of points or periods of time, τοῖς χ. ἀκριβῶς with chronological accuracy, Th.1.97; τοῖς χ. by the dates, Isoc.11.36; μετενεγκόντα τοὺς χ. altering the dates, D.18.225;μακρῶν καὶ πολλῶν χρόνων Pl.Lg. 798b
;τεσσαράκοντα χρόνους ἐνιαυτῶν IG5(1).728.7
([place name] Sparta), cf. 14.1747.3 ([place name] Rome); χρόνων μῆκος (dub., leg. χρόνου) Chor.35.51 p.403 F.-R.b date, term of payment due, Leg.Gort.1.10, al.c year,Ἑλληνικά 1.233
(Rhamnus, i B. C.), PLond.2.417.14 (iv A. D.), App.Anth.6.154.1 (leg. εἷς ἔτι), Ps.-Ptol.Centil.24, cf. EM 254.13.d equatorial degree, Ptol.Tetr.44, Paul.Al.A.2, al., Cat.Cod.Astr.5(1).240.3 Special phrases:a acc., χρόνον for a while, for a long or short time, Od.4.599, 6.295, Hdt.1.175, 7.223, etc.; πολὺν χρόνον for a long time, Od.11.161;δηρὸν χ. Il.14.206
;οὐκ ὀλίγον χ. 19.157
;τοῦτον τὸν χ. Hdt.1.75
; ἐς τὸν αἰὲν χ. for ever, E.Or. 207 (lyr.); οὐ πολὺς χ. ἐξ οὗ .. Pl.R. 452c;παλαιὸς ἀφ' οὗ χρόνος S.Aj. 600
(lyr.); ἦν χρόνος ἐν ᾧ .., or ὅτε .., Linusap.D.L.Prooem.4, Critias 25.1 D.;ἕνα χ.
once for all,Il.
15.511.b gen., χρόνου περιιόντος as time came round, Hdt. 4.155; so χ. ἐπιγενομένου, διεξελθόντος, προβαίνοντος, Id.1.28, 2.52, 3.53; χρόνου γενομένου after a time, D.S.20.109; ὀλίγου χρόνου in a short time, Hdt.3.134;πολλοῦ.. οὐχ ἑόρακά πω χρόνου Ar. Pl.98
; οὐ μακροῦ χ., τοῦ λοιποῦ χ., S.El. 478 (lyr.), 817;βαιοῦ κοὐχὶ μυρίου χ. Id.OC 397
;ποίου χρόνου; A.Ag. 278
; πόσου χ.; after how long? Ar.Ach.83.c dat., in process of time,Xenoph.
18, Hdt.1.80, 176, al.: freq. in Trag., as A.Ag. 126, 463, Ch. 650 (all lyr.); alsoχρόνῳ κοτέ Hdt.9.62
;τῷ χ. ποτέ Ar.Nu. 865
; χρόνῳ, χρόνοις ὕστερον, long after, Th.1.8, Lys.3.39; οὐ χρόνῳ immediately, Ps.Democr.Alch.p.49B.: also c. Art.,τῷ χ. Ar.Nu.66
, 1242.d ὁ ἄλλος χ., in [dialect] Att., of past time, D.20.16, ὁ λοιπὸς χ., of future, v. λοιπός 3; so χ. ἐφέρπων, ἐπαντέλλων, μέλλων, Pi.O.6.97, 8.28, 10(11).7; also κατὰ χ. ἱκνούμενον or κατὰ χ. < τὸν> ἱ. at a later (or the fitting) time, Ant.Lib.27.4 (cf.ἱκνέομαι 111.2
).4 with Preps.:— ἀνὰ χρόνον in course of time, after a time, Hdt.1.173, 2.151, 5.27, al.b ἀφ' οὗ χρόνου from such time as.., X.Cyr.1.2.13.c διὰ χρόνου after a time, after an interval, S.Ph. 758, Ar.Lys. 904, Pl. 1055, Th.2.94;διὰ χρόνου πολλοῦ Hdt.3.27
;διὰ π. χ. Ar.V. 1476
;διὰ μακρῶν χρόνων Pl.Ti. 22d
: but χρόνος.. διὰ χρόνου προὔβαινέ μοι means one space of time after another, day after day, S.Ph. 285.e ἐν χρόνῳ, like χρόνῳ, in course of time, at length, A.Eu. 1000 (lyr.); for a long time, Pl.Phdr. 278d; ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ ib. 228a; ἐν χρόνοισι perh. formerly, [Emp.]Sphaer. 108 (leg. Κάρπιμος).f ἐντὸς χρόνου within a certain time, Hdt.8.104.g ἐπὶ χρόνον for a time, for a while, Il.2.299, Od.14.193, Hdt.1.116;πολλὸν ἐπὶ χ. Od.12.407
;χρόνον ἐπὶ μακρόν Hdt.1.81
; παυρίδιον or παῦρον ἐπὶ χ., Hes.Op. 133, 326.i μετὰ χρόνον after a time, Id.2.52, etc.; μέχρι τοῦ αὐτοῦ χ. up to the same time, Th.1.13.m ὑπὸ χρόνου by lapse of time, Th. 1.21: but ὑπὸ αὐτὸν τὸν χ. about the same time, Hdt.7.165, cf. Th.1.100 (pl.).II lifetime, age,ὁ μακρὸς ἀνθρώπων χρόνος S.Ph. 306
;χρόνῳ παλαιοί Id.OC 112
; χρόνῳ μείων ib. 374; τοσόσδε τῷ χ. so far gone in years, Pl.Ax. 365b;χρόνῳ βραδύς S.OC 875
.IV delay, οὐδ' ἐποίησαν (fort. ἐνεποίησαν)χ. οὐδένα D.19.163
; linger,Theoc.
21.25; χρόνους ἐμποιεῖν to interpose delays, D.23.93.V Gramm.,2 time or quantity of a syllable, Longin.39.4, A.D.Synt.130.4, al.: βραχὺς χ. a short syllable, ib.309.23; of the augment, ib.237.10.3 in Rhythmic and Music, time,διαιρεῖται ὁ χ. ὑπὸ τῶν ῥυθμιζομένων Aristox.Rhyth.p.79
W., etc.; ὁ πρῶτος [χ.] time-unit, ibid., Aristid. Quint.1.14, etc.; χρόνος κενός ib.18: freq. in pl.,λέξις εἰς χρόνους τεθεῖσα διαφέροντας Aristox.Rhyth.p.77
W., cf. Anon.Rhythm.Oxy. 9ii6; [μέτρα] προχωρεῖ ἕως λ χρόνων Aristid.Quint.1.23
. -
3 διά
διά, poet. [full] διαί ([dialect] Aeol. [full] ζά, q.v.), Prep. governing gen. and acc.— Rad. sense,A through; never anastroph. [Prop. δῐᾰ: but Hom. uses [pron. full] ῑ at the beginning of a line, Il.3.357, 4.135, al.: also ᾱ, metri gr., freq. in Hom., for which A. uses [full] διαί in lyr., Ag. 448, al.]A WITH GEN.I of Place or Space:1 of motion in a line, from one end to the other, right through, in Hom. freq. of the effect of weapons,διὰ μὲν ἀσπίδος ἦλθε.. ἔγχος καὶ διὰ θώρηκος.. Il. 3.357
; ;δι' ὤμου.. ἔγχος ἦλθεν 4.481
; in Prose,τιτρώσκειν διὰ τοῦ θώρακος X.An.1.8.26
; διὰ τοῦ ὀρόφου ἐφαίνετο πῦρ ib.7.4.16: also of persons, διὰ Σκαιῶν πεδίονδ' ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους out through the Scaean gate, Il.3.263; δι' ἠέρος αἰθέρ' ἵκανεν quite through the lower air even to the ether, Il.14.288, cf. 2.458; διὰ Τρώων πέτετο straight through them, 13.755;δι' ὄμματος.. λείβων δάκρυον S.OC 1250
, etc.: also in Compos. with πρό and ἐκ, v. διαπρό, διέκ: in adverbial phrases, διὰ πασῶν (sc. χορδῶν), v. διαπασῶν: throughout,Th.
1.14; idly,Id.
4.126, etc. (cf.111.1.c).2 of motion through a space, but not in a line, throughout, ouer,ἑπόμεσθα διὰ πεδίοιο Il.11.754
;δι' ὄρεσφι 10.185
, al.; ὀδύνη διὰ χροὸς ἦλθε through all his frame, 11.398;τεῦχε βοὴν διὰ ἄστεος Od.10.118
;δι' ὁμίλου Il.6.226
, etc.;θορύβου διὰ τῶν τάξεων ἰόντος X.An.1.8.16
, cf. 2.4.26, etc.; later, in quoting an authority,ἱστορεῖ δ. τῆς δευτέρας
in the course of..,Ath.
10.438b.3 in the midst of, Il.9.468;κεῖτο τανυσσάμενος δ. μήλων Od.9.298
; between,δ. τῶν πλευρέων ταμόντα Hp.Morb.2.61
: hence, of pre-eminence,ἔπρεπε καὶ δ. πάντων Il.12.104
;τετίμακε δι' ἀνθρώπων Pi.I.4(3).37
;εὐδοκιμέοντι δ. πάντων Hdt.6.63
, cf. 1.25, etc.4 in Prose, sts. of extension, along,παρήκει δ. τῆσδε τῆς θαλάσσης ἡ ἀκτή Id.4.39
(but πέταται δ. θαλάσσας across the sea, Pi.N.6.48);λόφος, δι' οὗ τὸ σταύρωμα περιεβέβληντο X.HG7.4.22
.5 in Prose, of Intervals of Space, δ. τριήκοντα δόμων at intervals of thirty layers, i. e. after every thirtieth layer, Hdt.1.179; δ. δέκα ἐπάλξεων at every tenth battlement, Th.3.21; cf. infr. 11.3: of a single interval, δ. πέντε σταδίων at a distance of five stades, Hdt.7.30, cf. 198; δ. τοσούτου μᾶλλον ἢ δ. πολλῶν ἡμερῶν ὁδοῦ at so short a distance, etc., Th.2.29; δ. πολλοῦ at a great distance apart, Id.3.94;δ. πλείστου Id.2.97
;δι' ἐλάσσονος Id.3.51
;ὕδατα δ. μακροῦ ἀλόμενα Hp.
Aër.9, etc.II of Time,1 of duration from one end of a period to the other, throughout, δ. παντὸς [τοῦ χρόνου] Hdt.9.13;δι' ὅλου τοῦ αἰῶνος Th.1.70
;δι' αἰῶνος S.El. 1024
;δι' ἡμέρας ὅλης Ar. Pax 27
;δι' ὅλης τῆς νυκτός X.An.4.2.4
, etc.: without an Adj., δι' ἡμέρης all day long, Hdt.1.97;δ. νυκτός Th.2.4
, X.An.4.6.22 (but δ. νυκτός in the course of the night, by night, Act.Ap.5.19, PRyl.138.15 (i A. D.), etc.);δ. νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας Pl.R. 343b
; δι' ἐνιαυτοῦ, δι' ἔτους, Ar.Fr.569.8, V. 1058;δ. βίου Pl.Smp. 183e
, etc.;δ. τέλους
from beginning to end,A.
Pr. 275, Pl.R. 519c, etc.: with Adjs. alone,δ. παντός
continually,A.
Ch. 862 (lyr.), etc.; δι' ὀλίγου for a short time, Th.1.77;δ. μακροῦ E.Hec. 320
;ὁ δ. μέσου χρόνος Hdt. 8.27
.2 of the interval which has passed between two points of Time, δ. χρόνου πολλοῦ or δ. πολλοῦ χρ. after a long time, Id.3.27, Ar.Pl. 1045;δ. μακρῶν χρόνων Pl.Ti. 22d
: without an Adj., δ. χρόνου after a time, S.Ph. 758, X.Cyr.1.4.28, etc.; δι' ἡμερῶν after several days, Ev.Marc.2.1; and with Adjs. alone,δι' ὀλίγου Th.5.14
;οὐ δ. μακροῦ Id.6.15
,91;δ. πολλοῦ Luc.Nigr.2
, etc.: with Numerals,δι' ἐτέων εἴκοσι Hdt.6.118
, cf. OGI56.38 (iii B. C.), etc.: but δ. τῆς ἑβδόμης till the seventh day, Luc.Hist.Conscr.21: also distributively, χρόνος δ. χρόνου προὔβαινε time after time, S.Ph. 285;ἄλλος δι' ἄλλου E.Andr. 1248
.3 of successive Intervals, δ. τρίτης ἡμέρης every other day, Hdt.2.37; δ. τρίτου ἔτεος ib.4, etc.; δ. πεντετηρίδος every four years (with inclusive reckoning), Id.3.97; δι' ἔτους πέμπτου, of the Olympic games, Ar.Pl. 584 (but δι' ἑνδεκάτου ἔτεος in the course of the eleventh year, Hdt.1.62).III causal, through, by,a of the Agent, δι' ἀλλέλων or -ου ἐπικηρυκεύεσθαι, ποιεῖσθαι, by the mouth of.., Id.1.69,6.4, cf. 1.113;δι' ἑρμηνέως λέγειν X.An.2.3.17
, etc.;τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ Κυρίου δ. τοῦ προφήτου Ev.Matt.1.22
;δι' ἑκόντων ἀλλ' οὐ δ. βίας ποιεῖσθαι Pl.Phlb. 58b
; πεσόντ' ἀλλοτρίας διαὶ γυναικός by her doing, A.Ag. 448 (lyr.);ἐκ θεῶν γεγονὼς δ. βασιλέων πεφυκώς X.Cyr.7.2.24
; δι' ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖν τι of oneself, not by another's agency, ib.1.1.4, etc.; but also, by oneself alone, unassisted, D.15.14, cf. 22.38.b of the Instrument or Means, δ. χειρῶν by hand (prop. by holding between the hands),δι' ὁσίων χ. θιγών S. OC 470
; also δ. χερῶν λαβεῖν, δ. χειρὸς ἔχειν in the hand, Id.Ant. 916, 1258 (but τὰ τῶν ξυμμάχων δ. χειρὸς ἔχειν to keep a firm hand on, Th.2.13);δ. στέρνων ἔχειν S.Ant. 639
;ἡ ἀκούουσα πηγὴ δι' ὤτων Id.OT 1387
;δ. στόματος ἔχειν X.Cyr.1.4.25
;δ. μνήμης ἔχειν Luc.Cat.9
;αἱ δ. τοῦ σώματος ἡδοναί X.Mem.1.5.6
; δ. λόγων συγγίγνεσθαι to hold intercourse by word, Pl.Plt. 272b;δ. λόγου ἀπαγγέλλειν Act.Ap.15.27
;δι' ἐπιστολῶν 2 Ep.Cor.10.9
, POxy. 1070.15 (iii A. D.).c of Manner (where διά with its Noun freq. serves as an Adv.),δ. μέθης ποιήσασθαι τὴν συνουσίαν Pl.Smp. 176e
; παίω δι' ὀργῆς through passion, in passion, S.OT 807; δ. τάχους, = ταχέως, Id.Aj. 822, Th.1.63 (but δ. ταχέων ib.80, al.); δ. σπουδῆς in haste, hastily, E.Ba. 212; δι' αἰδοῦς with reverence, respectfully, ib. 441; δ. ψευδῶν ἔπη lying words, Id.Hel. 309; αἱ δ. καρτερίας ἐπιμέλειαι long-continued exertions, X.Mem.2.1.20; δι' ἀκριβείας, δ. πάσης ἀκρ., Pl.Ti. 23d, Lg. 876c;δ. σιγῆς Id.Grg. 450c
;δ. ξυμφορῶν ἡ ξύμβασις ἐγένετο Th.6.10
;οὐ δι' αἰνιγμάτων, ἀλλ' ἐναργῶς γέγραπται Aeschin.3.121
;δι' αἵματος, οὐ δ. μέλανος τοὺς νόμους ὁ Δράκων ἔγραψεν Plu.Sol.17
: also with Adjs., δ. βραχέων, δ. μακρῶν τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖσθαι, Isoc.14.3, Pl.Grg. 449b; ἀποκρίνεσθαι δ. βραχυτάτων ibid. d; cf. infr. IV.2 in later Prose, of Material out of which a thing is made, ; ;βρώματα δ. μέλιτος καὶ γάλακτος γιγνόμενα Ath.14.646e
;οἶνος δ. βουνίου Dsc. 5.46
.IV διά τινος ἔχειν, εἶναι, γίγνεσθαι, to express conditions or states, ἀγὼν διὰ πάσης ἀγωνίης ἔχων extending through every kind of contest, Hdt.2.91;δι' ἡσυχίης εἶναι Id.1.206
; δι' ὄχλου εἶναι to be troublesome, Ar.Ec. 888;δ. φόβου εἶναι Th.6.59
;δι' ἀπεχθείας γίγνεσθαι X.Hier.9.2
; ἡ ἐπιμέλεια δ. χάριτος γίγνεται ibid.;δ. μιᾶς γνώμης γίγνεσθαι Isoc.4.138
.b with Verbs of motion, δ. μάχης ἐλεύσονται will engage in battle, Hdt.6.9;ἐλθεῖν Th.4.92
; δ. παντὸς πολέμου, δ. φιλίας ἰέναι τινί, X.An.3.2.8; δ. δίκης ἰέναι τινί go to law with.., S.Ant. 742, cf. Th.6.60;δ. τύχης ἰέναι S.OT 773
;δι' ὀργῆς ἥκειν Id.OC 905
; ἐμαυτῷ δ. λόγων ἀφικόμην I held converse with myself, E.Med. 872; δ. λόγων, δ. γλώσσης ἰέναι come to open speech, Id.Tr. 916, Supp. 112; δ. φιλημάτων ἰέναι come to kissing, Id.Andr. 416;δ. δικαιοσύνης ἰέναι καὶ σωφροσύνης Pl.Prt. 323a
, etc.; δ. πυρὸς ἰέναι (v. πῦρ): in pass. sense, δι' ἀπεχθείας ἐλθεῖν τινι to be hated by.., A.Pr. 121 (anap.).c with trans. Verbs, δι' αἰτίας ἔχειν or ἄγειν τινά hold in fault, Th.2.60, Ael.VH9.32;δι' ὀργῆς ἔχειν τινά Th.2.37
, etc.;δ. φυλακῆς ἔχειν τι Id.7.8
; δι' οἴκτου ἔχειν τινά, δι' αἰσχύνης ἔχειν τι, E.Hec. 851, IT 683;δ. πένθους τὸ γῆρας διάγειν X.Cyr.4.6.6
; .B WITH Acc.I of Place, only Poet., in same sense as διά c. gen.:1 through,ἓξ δὲ δ. πτύχας ἦλθε.. χαλκός Il.7.247
;ἤϊξε δ. δρυμὰ.. καὶ ὕλην 11.118
, cf. 23.122, etc.; δ. τάφρον ἐλαύνειν across it, 12.62;δ. δώματα ποιπνύοντα 1.600
;ἐπὶ χθόνα καὶ δ. πόντον βέβακεν Pi.I.4(3).41
;φεύγειν δ. κῦμ' ἅλιον A.Supp.14
(anap.).2 through, among, in,οἴκεον δι' ἄκριας Od.9.400
;ἄραβος δὲ δ. στόμα γίγνετ' ὀδόντων Il.10.375
(but μῦθον, ὃν.. δ. στόμα.. ἄγοιτο through his mouth, 14.91; soδ. στόμα ὄσσαν ἱεῖσαι Hes.Th.65
;ἀεὶ γὰρ ἡ γυνή σ' ἔχει δ. στόμα Ar.Lys. 855
);δ. κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας Hes.Th. 631
; (lyr.).II of Time, also Poet.,δ. νύκτα Il.2.57
, etc.; δ. γλυκὺν ὕπνον during sweet sleep, Mosch.4.91.III causal:1 of persons, thanks to, by aid of,νικῆσαι δ... Ἀθήνην Od.8.520
, cf. 13.121;δ. δμῳὰς.. εἷλον 19.154
; δ. σε by thy fault or service, S.OC 1129, Ar.Pl. 145, cf. 160, 170: in Prose, by reason of, on account of,δ' ἡμᾶς Th.1.41
, cf. X.An.7.6.33, D.18.249;οὐ δι' ἐμαυτόν And.1.144
; so εἰ μὴ διά τινα if it had not been for..,εἰ μὴ δι' ἄνδρας ἀγαθούς Lys.12.60
;Μιλτιάδην εἰς τὸ βάραθρον ἐμβαλεῖν ἐψηφίσαντο, καὶ εἰ μὴ δ. τὸν πρύτανιν ἐνέπεσεν ἄν Pl.Grg. 516e
, cf. D.19.74;εἰ μὴ δ. τὴν ἐκείνου μέλλησιν Th.2.18
, cf. Ar.V. 558;πλέον' ἔλπομαι λόγον Ὀδυσσέος ἢ πάθαν γενέσθαι δι' Ὅμηρον Pi.N.7.21
.2 of things, to express the Cause, Occasion, or Purpose, δι' ἐμὴν ἰότητα because of my will, Il.15.41;Διὸς μεγάλου δ. βουλάς Od.8.82
; δι' ἀφραδίας for, through want of thought, 19.523;δι' ἀτασθαλίας 23.67
; δι' ἔνδειαν by reason of poverty, X. An.7.8.6; δ. καῦμα, δ. χειμῶνα, ib.1.7.6;δι' ἄγνοιαν καὶ ἀμαθίαν Pl. Prt. 360b
, etc.: freq. also with neut. Adjs., δ. τί; wherefore?; δ. τοῦτο, δ. ταῦτα on this account; δι' ὅ, δι' ἅ on which account; δ. πολλά for many reasons, etc.3 = ἕνεκα, to express Purpose, δἰ ἀχθηδόνα for the sake of vexing, Th.4.40, cf. 5.53; δ. τὴν τούτου σαφήνειαν with a view to clearing this up, Pl.R. 524c, cf. Arist.EN 1172b21; αὐτή δι' αὑτήν for its own sake, Pl.R. 367b, etc.C WITHOUT CASE as Adv. throughout, δ. πρό (v. supr. A.I.I);δ. δ' ἀμπερές Il.11.377
.D IN COMPOS.:I through, right through, of Space, διαβαίνω, διέχω, διιππεύω.II in different directions, as in διαπέμπω, διαφορέω; of separation, asunder, διαιρέω, διαλύω; of difference or disagreement, at variance, διαφωνέω, διαφέρω; or simply mutual relation, one with another, διαγωνίζομαι, διάδω, διαθέω, διαπίνω, διαφιλοτιμέομαι.III pre-eminence, διαπρέπω, διαφέρω.IV completion, to the end, utterly, διεργάζομαι, διαμάχομαι, διαπράττω, διαφθείρω: of Time, διαβιόω.V to add strength, thoroughly, out and out, διαγαληνίζω, etc.; cf. ζά.VI of mixture, between, partly, esp. in Adj., as διάλευκος, διάχρυσος, διάχλωρος, etc.VII of leaving an interval or breach, διαλείπω, διαναπαύω. (Cogn. with δύο, δίς.) -
4 ὄργανον
A instrument, implement, tool, for making or doing a thing, S.Tr. 905, cf. ἀθηρόβρωτος;λογχοποιῶν ὄργανα E. Ba. 1208
, cf. Ion 1030 ; , cf. Lg. 956a ; ὄ. without any Adj., engine of war, Ctes.Fr.81 ;τὰ ναυτικὰ ὄ.
tackle,Pl.
Plt. 298d ;ὄ. ὅσα περὶ γεωργίαν Id.R. 370d
;ὄνομα ἄρα διδασκαλικόν τί ἐστιν ὄ. Id.Cra. 388b
; ὄργανα χρόνων or χρόνου, of the stars, Id.Ti. 41e, 42d ;ὄ. κυβευτικά Aeschin.1.59
; of a person,ἁπάντων ἀεὶ κακῶν ὄ. S.Aj. 380
(lyr.).2 organ of sense or apprehension,τὰ περὶ τὰς αἰσθήσεις ὄ. Pl.R. 508b
; τὸ ὄ. ᾧ καταμανθάνει ἕκαστος ib. 518c, cf. Tht. 185c, al.;δι' ἀμυδρῶν ὀ. θεᾶσθαί τι Id.Phdr. 250b
, cf. Ti. 45b, Epicur.Nat.11.6,7.b of the body and its different parts, Arist.PA 642a11, 645b14, GA 716a24, Phld.Mus.pp.71,96 K., Gal.10.47 ; the hand is called ὄργανον ὀργάνων or ὄ. πρὸ ὀργάνων, Arist.de An. 432a2, PA 687a21 ; τὰ πορευτικὰ ὄ. the organs of locomotion, Id.GA 732b28; ὄ. πρὸς ἐργασίαν τῆς τροφῆς the digestive organs, ib. 788b24 ; τὸ ὄ. τὸ περὶ τὴν ἀναπνοήν the respiratory organ, Id.PA 664a29 ;τὰ ὄ. τὰ χρήσιμα πρὸς τὴν ὀχείαν Id.HA 500a15
; of plants, Id.de An. 412b1, PA 656a2.3 musical instrument, Simon.31, f.l. in A.Fr.57.1 ; ὁ μὲν δι' ὀργάνων ἐκήλει ἀνθρώπους, of Marsyas, Pl.Smp. 215c ; ἄνευ ὀργάνων ψιλοῖς λόγοις ibid., cf. Plt. 268b ;ὄ. πολύχορδα Id.R. 399c
, al.;μετ' ᾠδῆς καί τινων ὀργάνων Phld.Mus.p.98K.
; of the pipe, Melanipp.2, Telest.1.2.II concrete, work or product,μελίσσης κηρόπλαστον ὄ. S.Fr.398.5
; λαϊνέοισιν Ἀμφίονος ὀ., of the walls of Thebes, E.Ph. 115 (lyr.).III of logic as an instrument of philosophy,ἡ λογικὴ πραγματεία ὀργάνου χώραν ἔχει ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ Alex.Aphr.in Top.74.29
, cf. Phlp.in APr.6.23 ; πᾶσα τεχνικὴ διδασκαλία ὑπὸ τὸ λογικὸν ὄ. ἀνάγεται Sch.D.T.p.161 H.; but τὸ ὄ. as title of Aristotle's collected logical writings lacks authority.V ὄ. χλούνιον, = ἠρύγγιον, Ps.-Dsc.3.21.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὄργανον
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5 ὑπόγυιος
A nigh at hand, imminent,ὑ. μοι τῆς τοῦ βίου τελευτῆς οὔσης Isoc.15.4
, ὑπόγυον ἐνδείκνυται θάνατον Gal.18(2).69; ὑπόγυον, used abs., near the end, at the approach of death, Hp.Epid.7.51,52;εἴ τινων ὑ. ἡ ἀφαίρεσις τῶν καρπῶν Thphr. CP1.13.10
; τοῦτ' ἐστὶν ὑπογυιότατον (v.l. -γυώτατον) the readiest means,Arist.
Pol. 1321b16;ὑπογύου οὔσης τῆς ἑορτῆς Id.Oec. 1347a28
, cf. IG5(2).265.10 (Mantinea, i B. C.);τῶν χρόνων ὑ. ὄντων D.28.17
; ἡ ὑπόγυος πρόσταξις the immediate command (i.e. that something shall be done immediately), A.D.Synt.253.2;ἡ ἐκεῖνος καὶ ἡ οὗτος.. τὴν ὑπόγυιον γνῶσιν τοῦ προσώπου παριστᾶσιν Id.Pron.61.4
. Adv. ὑπογύως immediately, in the immediate future,ἐὰν γένηται ἡμᾶς μὴ ὑ. ἀναπλεῖν PAmh.2.135.10
(ii A. D.).II recent,ὁ πόλεμος ὁ ὑπογυιότατος Isoc.14.17
; ; τὰ ὑπογυιότατα Ps.-Philipp. ap. eund.12.12;ὑπογυώτερα τοῖς χρόνοις D.60.9
; ὑπόγυιόν ἐστι ἐξ οὗ .. it is a very short time since.., Isoc.18.29; ἐν τοῖς ὑ. λόγοις, opp. τοῖς ἄνω, Arist.GA 757a28;ταῖς ὑ. ἀπεψίαις Gal.6.195
;ὑπόγυοι αἰτίαι νοσημάτων Id.15.162
. Adv. ὑπογυίως or- γύως
recently, lately,Ath.
5.206d, Dsc.Ther.Prooem., BGU 731 ii 5 (ii A. D.); ἔχων ὑ. ἐν μνήμῃ τὰς τιμὰς ὧν ἀγοράζει having freshly in his mind. PRyl.233.12 (ii A. D.): neut. - γυον as Adv., Gloss.;τὸ ὑπογυιότατον Isoc.9.81
.III sudden,ὅσα θάνατον ἐπιφέρει ὑπόγυια ὄντα Arist.EN 1115a34
; off-hand, on the spur of the moment,X.
Cyr.6.1.43, Pl.Mx. 235c, Isoc.4.13; ἐξ ὑ. γίγνεσθαι, opp. ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου σκέψασθαι, Arist.Rh. 1354b3; (Samos. iv B. C.).2 of persons, ὑ. τῇ ὀργῇ in the first burst of anger, Arist.Rh. 1380b6.3 actual, present,διὰ τὴν ὑπόγυιον ἰσχνότητα Gal.Nat.Fac.2.6
.—The forms ὑπό-γυιος and - γυος vary continually in codd., and the erroneous [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. forms ὑπογυιώτερος -ώτατος, and ὑπογυότερος -ότατος occur; in Papyri and Inscrr. we have , vii 32 (ii A. D.), etc., (iii A. D.),ὑπόγυιος IG5(2)
l.c., CPR220.5 (i A. D.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπόγυιος
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6 ὑπόστασις
A as an act, standing under, supporting,ἡ κεφαλὴ τοῦ μηροῦ καὶ ὁ αὐχὴν τοῦ ἄρθρου.. ὑπὸ συχνῷ μέρει τοῦ ἰσχίου τὴν ὑ. πεποίηται Hp.Art.55
; [τοὺς προσθίους πόδας] ἔχουσιν.. οὐ μόνον ἕνεχ' ὑποστάσεως τοῦ βάρους Arist.PA 659a24
;ἐνεπάγην εἰς ἰλὺν βυθοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ὑ. LXX Ps.68(69).3
.2 resistance,τοῦ κύματος Arist.Mete. 368b12
(unless = settling down); so perh. in Hp.Off.3, Ael.Fr.59.B as a thing,I in liquids, that which settles at the bottom, sediment, Hp.Steril.242, Arist.HA 551b29, Mete. 382b14, Thphr.HP 9.8.3; esp. of sediment in the urine, Hp.Coac. 146, 389, Aph.4.69, al., Gal.6.252, al.; but the urine itself is called ἡ ὑ. ἡ εἰς τὴν κύστιν, Arist. Mete. 358a8;ἡ τῆς ὑγρᾶς τροφῆς ὑ. Id.PA 647b28
; ἐκ τῶν νεφρῶν ἡ γιγνομένη ὑ. ib. 671b20; also of the dry excrement, ἡ τῆς ξηρᾶς τροφῆς ὑ. ib. 647b28, cf. 677a15, Mete. 358b9.b an accumulation of pus, abscess, Hp.Art.40.2 νέφους ὑποστάσεις cloud-cumuli, D.S.1.38.4 metaph. of time, duration,ἡ στιγμιαία τῶν καιρῶν ὑ. Gal.19.187
; μνήσθητι τίς μου ἡ ὑ. remember how short my time is, LXX Ps.88(89).48; ἡ ὑ. μου ὡσεὶ οὐθὲν ἐνώπιόν σου mine age is as nothing before thee, ib.38(39).6; ἐφ' ὅσον αὐτοῦ (sc. Ἕκτορος) ἡ ὑ. τῶν χρόνων ὑπῆρχεν as long as his store of years lasted, Vett.Val.347.14.5 coming into existence, origin,ἡ ὑ. μου ἐν τοῖς κατωτάτω τῆς γῆς LXX Ps.138(139).15
;περὶ τοῦ γένους.. τῶν Ἰουδαίων.. ὅτι.. τὴν πρώτην ὑ. ἔσχεν ἰδίαν J.Ap.1.1
; ἀκμὴ οὐδὲ ἔχει γενέσεως ὑ. καθ' ἑαυτήν has no power of originating by itself, Hermog. Id.1.10.II foundation or substructure of a temple, etc., LXX Na.2.7, D.S.1.66, 13.82; ὑποστάσεις ἐπάλξεων lower part of a crenellated wall, Ph.Bel.84.9; ὑ. ξύλου is f.l. for ὑπότασις ξ. in Hp. Mochl.25.2 metaph. of a narrative, speech, or poem, ground-work, subject-matter, argument, Plb.4.2.1, D.S.1.3, etc.3 plan, purpose, Id.16.32;κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν ὑ. Id.1.28
, 15.70;πρὸς τὴν ἰδίαν ὑ. Id.1.3
; οἱ Αἰγύπτιοι.. ἰδίᾳ τινὶ ὑ. κεχρημένοι εἰσί (sc. in their calendar) Gem.8.16, cf. 25;κατὰ τὴν Καίσαρος ὑ. BMus.Inscr.892.21
(Halic., i B. C./i A. D.).4 confidence, courage, resolution, steadiness, of soldiers, Plb.4.50.10,6.55.2; hope,ἔστι μοι ὑ. τοῦ γενηθῆναί με ἀνδρί LXX Ru.1.12
; ἀπώλετο ἡ ὑ. αὐτῆς ib.Ez.19.5, cf. Ep.Hebr.3.14;ἡ ὑ. τῆς καυχήσεως 2 Ep.Cor.11.17
, cf. 9.4; ἔστιν δὲ πίστις ἐλπιζομένων ὑπόστασις confidence in things hoped for, Ep.Hebr.11.1 (unless substance be the right sense here).5 undertaking, promise,οἱ ὑπογεγραμμένοι γεωργοὶ ἐπέδωκαν ἡμῖν ὑπόστασιν PEleph.15.3
(iii B. C.), cf. PTheb.Bank1.8 (ii B. C.), PTeb.61 (b). 194 (ii B. C.).6 Astrol., τὰ τούτου (sc. κλήρου τύχης) τετράγωνα ὑπόστασις (fort. - στάσεις) [λέγεται] Serapio in Cat.Cod.Astr.8(4).227.III substantial nature, substance, δύσσχιστα, τῷ κολλώδη τὴν ὑ. ἔχειν woods hard to cleave, because of their resinous substance, Thphr.CP5.16.4; ἡ τοῦ γεώδους ὑ. ib.6.7.4.2 substance, actual existence, reality (οἱ νεώτεροι τῶν φιλοσόφων ἀντὶ τῆς οὐσίας τῇ λέξει τῆς ὑ. ἐχρήσαντο Socr. HE3.7
), opp. semblance,φαντασίαν μὲν ἔχειν πλούτου, ὑ. δὲ μή Artem.3.14
; τῶν ἐν ἀέρι φαντασμάτων τὰ μέν ἐστι κατ' ἔμφασιν, τὰ δὲ καθ' ὑπόστασιν (substantial, actual), Arist.Mu. 395a30, cf. Placit.3.6, D.L.7.135, 9.91; so ὑποστάσεις are the substances of which the reflections ([etym.] αἱ κατοπτρικαὶ ἐμφάσεις) appear in the mirror, Placit.4.14.2; ὑ. ἔχειν have substantial existence, Demetr.Lac.Herc.1055.14, S.E. P.2.94, 176, M.Ant.9.42; ἰδίᾳ χρησάμενον ὑποστάσει ( ὑποτάσει cod.), πρὸς ἰδίαν ὑ. φυτευθέντα, a separate existence, Sor.1.96, cf. 33;ὑπόστασιν μὴ ἔχειν Id.2.57
;ὑποστάσεις τε καὶ μεταβολαί M.Ant.9.1
, cf. 10.5; [ἡ παρασιτικὴ] διαφέρει καὶ τῆς ῥητορικῆς καὶ τῆς φιλοσοφίας.. κατὰ τὴν ὑ. (in respect of reality)· ἡ μὲν γὰρ ὑφέστηκεν, αἱ δὲ οὔ Luc. Par.27
;κατ' ἰδίαν ὑ. καὶ οὐσίαν S.E.M.9.338
.3 real nature, essence,χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑ. Ep.Hebr.1.3
.IV as a Rhet. figure, the full expression or expansion of an idea, Hermog.Id.1.11, Aristid. Rh.1p.479S., Syrian. in Hermog.1.60 R.VI wealth, substance, property, ib.De.11.6, Je.10.17, POxy.1274.15 (iii A. D.), BGU1020.16 (vi A. D.), etc.2 pl., title deeds, documents recording ownership of property, POxy.237 viii 26 (ii A. D.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπόστασις
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7 ἀρχαῖος
ἀρχαῖος, αία, αῖον (s. ἀρχή; Pind., Hdt.+) adj.① pert. to what has existed from the beginning or for a long time, w. connotation of present existence, old (Sir 9:10; 2 Macc 6:22) ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀ. the old/ancient serpent Rv 12:9; 20:2. Of a Christian assembly βεβαιοτάτη καὶ ἀ. old, established 1 Cl 47:6; ἀ. μαθητής a disciple of long standing (perh. original disc.) Ac 21:16 (cp. IMagnMai 215b, 3 [I A.D.] ἀρχαῖος μύστης; Thieme 26; Sir 9:10 φίλος ἀ.).② pert. to what was in former times, long ago, ancient (Ps 78:8; 88:50; Sir 16:7; ViJer 14 [p. 73, 16 Sch.]; Jos., Ant. 9, 264) ἀ. ὑποδείγματα examples from ancient times 1 Cl 5:1; ἀ. κόσμος the world before the deluge 2 Pt 2:5. Of ages past (Diod S 1, 6, 2) ἀφʼ ἡμερῶν ἀ. (Is 37:26; La 1:7; 2:17) Ac 15:7; ἐκ γενεῶν ἀ. (Sir 2:10 εἰς ἀ. γενεάς; PsSol 18:12 ἀπὸ γενεῶν ἀ.) 15:21; ἐξ ἀ. χρόνων (Sb 7172, 12 [217 B.C.]) Pol 1:2.—οἱ ἀρχαῖοι the ancients, people of ancient times, of old (Thu. 2, 16, 1; Cornutus p. 2, 18; 4, 9; Ps.-Demetr. c. 175 [here ἀρχαῖοι is used to intensify παλαιοί: very, very old = obs. Eng. ‘primo-primitive’]; Sir 39:1; 3 Km 5:10; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 181 [w. ref. to Plato]; Jos., Ant. 7, 171) Mt 5:21, 27 v.l.; 33 (grammatically, τοῖς ἀρχαίοις can mean by the ancients as well as to the ancients; since Hdt. 6, 123; Thu. 1, 51; 118 the dat. w. the passive often replaces ὑπό w. gen., esp. in later writers such as Polyb. and Arrian. Cp. Lk 23:15 πράσσω 1a). Of the ancient prophets (cp. Jos., Ant. 12, 413) Lk 9:8, 19; D 11:11 (cp. ἀ. ἀνήρ [=one of the earliest Christians] of Papias in Papias [1:4=Eus., HE 3, 39, 1]). τὰ ἀρχαῖα (Ps 138:5; Wsd 8:8; Is 43:18) what is old 2 Cor 5:17 (cp. τὸ ἀρχαῖον=the old, or earlier, state of things OGI 672, 9; Sb 5233, 17; Is 23:17).—B. 959. DELG s.v. ἄρχω E, 1 p. 121. M-M. TW. -
8 ἐπί
ἐπί prep. w. gen., dat., or acc.; s. the lit. on ἀνά, beg. (Hom.+). The basic idea is ‘upon’ (opp. ὑπό) Kühner-G. I 495; s. also Rob 600–605. (In the foll. classifications case use is presented seriatim; in earlier editions of this lexicon all sections, except 13, 17, and 18 [of time], were included under the general rubric ‘Place’.)① marker of location or surface, answering the question ‘where?’ on, upon, nearⓐ w. gen., marking a position on a surface ἐ. (τῆς) γῆς on (the) earth (cp. En 9:1; 98:1; ἐ. γῆς 25:6; PsSol 17:2) Mt 6:10, 19; 9:6; 23:9; Mk 6:47 al. (Ar. 12, 1; Just., A I, 54, 7 al.). ἐ. τῆς θαλάσσης on the sea (cp. Job 9:8; Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 129 βαδίζειν ἐ. τῆς θαλ.; Lucian, Philops. 13 βαδίζειν ἐφʼ ὕδατος, VH 2, 4; Artem. 3, 16 ἐ. τ. θαλάσσης περιπατεῖν; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 15 p. 5, 26ff relying on the testimony of Hesiod: Orion was given a gift [δωρεά] by the gods καὶ ἐ. κυμάτων πορεύεσθαι καὶ ἐ. τῆς γῆς) Mt 14:26; Mk 6:48f; J 6:19 (w. acc. P75; s. 4bβ below). ἐ. τῶν νεφελῶν on the clouds Mt 24:30; 26:64 (Da 7:13; cp. Philo, Praem. 8). ἐ. κλίνης 9:2; Lk 17:34. ἐ. τοῦ δώματος on the roof vs. 31; Mt 24:17; 10:27 foll. by pl. W. verbs: κάθημαι ἐ. τινος sit on someth. (Job 2:8; ἐ. τοῦ ἅρματος GrBar 6:2; cp. JosAs 27:1 ἐ. τοῦ ὀχήματος καθεζόμενος; Just., D. 90, 5 ἐ. λίθου καθεζόμενος) Mt 24:3; 27:19; Ac 8:28; Rv 6:16; 9:17 (the same prep. used in Rv w. κάθημαι and dat. s. bα below, and w. acc. cα). ἑστηκέναι ἐ. τινος stand on someth. Ac 21:40; Rv 10:5, 8 (Just., D. 86, 2 ἐστηρίχθαι). With parts of the body: ἐ. χειρῶν αἴρειν carry on (i.e. in/with) their hands Mt 4:6; Lk 4:11 (both Ps 90:12). ἐ. κεφαλῆς on the head (Hdt. 5, 12, 4) J 20:7; 1 Cor 11:10; Rv 12:1. ἐ. τοῦ μετώπου Rv 7:3; 9:4. ἐ. γυμνοῦ on the naked body Mk 14:51. Cp. use of ἐπί w. καθίζω and gen., and ἐπί w. κάθημαι and acc. Mt 19:28.—In a gener. and fig. sense Ac 21:23.ⓑ w. dat., gener. suggesting contiguity on, in, above.α. answering the question ‘where?’ (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Just., D. 105, 5 ἐ. τῷ σταυρῷ; Tat., 9:1 ἐ. τοῖς ὄρεσι; Ath. 20, 1 ἐ. τῷ μετώπῳ; Mel., P. 19, 131 ἐ. σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ) ἐ. πίνακι on a platter Mt 14:8, 11; Mk 6:25, 28. ἀνακλῖναι ἐ. τῷ χλωρῷ χόρτῳ on the green grass 6:39. ἐ. τοῖς κραβάττοις vs. 55. ἐπέκειτο ἐπʼ αὐτῷ lay on it (or before it) J 11:38. καθήμενος ἐ. τῷ θρόνῳ Rv 4:9 (cp. gen. w. καθ. 1a above, and acc. cα below) 5:13; 7:10 and oft. ἐφʼ ἵπποις λευκοῖς on white horses 19:14. ἐ. σανίσιν on planks Ac 27:44. ἐ. τῇ στοᾷ in the colonnade 3:11. τὰ ἐ. τοῖς οὐρανοῖς what is above (or in) the heavens Eph 1:10. ἐπʼ αὐτῷ above him, at his head Lk 23:38 (=Mt 27:37 ἐπάνω τ. κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ).β. answering the question ‘whither?’ on, upon (Hom. et al.) w. verbs that indicate a direction: οἰκοδομεῖν ἐ. τινι build upon someth. Mt 16:18. ἐποικοδομεῖν Eph 2:20. ἐπιβάλλειν ἐπίβλημα ἐ. ἱματίῳ παλαιῷ put a patch on an old garment Mt 9:16. ἐπιπίπτειν ἐ. τινι Ac 8:16. ἐκάθισεν ἐ. τῷ θρόνῳ he sat down on the throne GJs 11:1. λίθον ἐπʼ αὐτῇ βαλέτω J 8:7 v.l. (cp. 12a below).ⓒ w. acc., answering the question ‘where?’ (Hom. et al.; LXX; JosAs 29:2 φορῶν ἐ. τὸν μηρὸν αὐτοῦ ῥομφαίαν; Just., D. 53, 1 ζυγὸν ἐ. αὐχένα μὴ ἔχων)α. on, over someth. καθεύδειν ἐ. τι sleep on someth. Mk 4:38. καθῆσθαι ἐ. τι sit on someth. Mt 19:28 (in the same vs. καθίζω w. gen., s. a above) J 12:15; Rv 4:4; 6:2; 11:16 al.; cp. Lk 21:35b; κεῖσθαι ἐ. τι lie upon someth. 2 Cor 3:15. κατακεῖσθαι Lk 5:25. ἑστηκέναι ἐ. τὸν αἰγιαλόν stand on the shore Mt 13:2; cp. Rv 14:1. ἑστῶτας ἐ. τὴν θάλασσαν standing beside the sea 15:2. ἔστη ἐ. τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ παιδίου (the star) remained stationary over the head of the child GJs 21:3. σκηνοῦν ἐ. τινα spread a tent over someone Rv 7:15. ἐ. τὴν δεξιάν at the right hand 5:1. λίθος ἐ. λίθον stone upon stone Mt 24:2.β. ἐ. τὸ αὐτό at the same place, together (Ps.-X., Respublica Athen. [The Old Oligarch] 2, 2; Pla., Rep. 329a; SIG 736, 66 [92 B.C.]. In pap=‘in all’: PTebt 14, 20 [114 B.C.]; PFay 102, 6.—2 Km 2:13; En 100:2) εἶναι ἐ. τὸ αὐτό be together Lk 17:35; Ac 1:15; 2:1, 44. In 1 Cor 7:5 it is a euphemistic expr. for sexual union. κατοικεῖν ἐ. τὸ αὐτό live in the same place (Dt 25:5) Hm 5, 1, 4. Also w. verbs of motion (Sus 14 Theod.) συνέρχεσθαι ἐ. τὸ αὐτό come together to the same place 1 Cor 11:20; 14:23; cp. B 4:10 (Just., A I, 67, 3 συνέλευσις γίνεται). συνάγεσθαι (Phlegon of Tralles [Hadr.]: 257 Fgm. 36 III 9 Jac.; PsSol 2:2; TestJob 28:5 Jos., Bell. 2, 346) Mt 22:34; Ac 4:26 (Ps 2:2); 1 Cl 34:7. ἐ. τὸ αὐτὸ μίγνυσθαι be mixed together Hm 10, 3, 3. προσετίθει ἐ. τὸ αὐτό added to their number Ac 2:47.γ. at, by, near someone or someth. καθῆσθαι ἐ. τὸ τελώνιον sit at the tax-office Mt 9:9 (ἐ. τὰς ὡραίας πύλας GrBar prol. 2); Mk 2:14. ἑστηκέναι ἐ. τὴν θύραν stand at the door Rv 3:20. σὺ ἔστης ἐ. τὸ θυσιαστήριον you are standing (ἕστηκας deStrycker) as priest at the altar GJs 8:2. ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς among you 2 Th 1:10; cp. Ac 1:21.—Of pers., over whom someth. is done ὀνομάζειν τὸ ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ ἐ. τινα speak the name of Jesus over someone Ac 19:13. ἐπικαλεῖν τὸ ὄνομά τινος ἐ. τινα=to claim someone for one’s own (Jer 14:9; 2 Ch 7:14; 2 Macc 8:15) Ac 15:17 (Am 9:12); Js 2:7; Hs 8, 6, 4. προσεύχεσθαι ἐ. τινα pray over someone Js 5:14.② marker of presence or occurrence near an object or area, at, nearⓐ w. gen., of immediate proximity to things at, near (Hdt. 7, 115; X., An. 4, 3, 28 al.; LXX, Just.) ἐ. τ. θυρῶν at the gates (Plut., C. Gracch. 841 [14, 3]; PRyl 127, 8f [29 A.D.] κοιμωμένου μου ἐ. τῆς θύρας; 1 Macc 1:55; Just., D. 111, 4) Ac 5:23 (s. b below for dat. in 5:9). ἐ. τῆς θαλάσσης near the sea (Polyb. 1, 44, 4; Ex 14:2; Dt 1:40; 1 Macc 14:34) J 21:1. ἐ. τῆς ὁδοῦ by the road Mt 21:19. ἐσθίειν ἐ. τῆς πραπέζης τινός eat at someone’s table Lk 22:30 (cp. POxy 99, 14 [55 A.D.] τράπεζα, ἐφʼ ἧς Σαραπίων καὶ μέτοχοι; Da 11:27 LXX ἐ. μιᾶς τραπέζης). ἐ. τοῦ (τῆς) βάτου at the thornbush = in the passage about the thornbush (i.e. Ex 3:1ff) Mk 12:26; Lk 20:37.ⓑ with dat., of immediate proximity at, near by (Hom.+) ἦν ἔτι ἐ. τῷ τόπῳ ὅπου was still at the place, where J 11:30 v.l. (for ἐν; cp. Just., D. 402). ἐ. τῇ θύρᾳ (ἐ. θύραις) at the door (Hom. et al.; Wsd 19:17; Jos., Ant. 17, 90; Just., D. 32, 3) Mt 24:33; Mk 13:29; Ac 5:9 (s. a above). ἐ. τοῖς πυλῶσιν Rv 21:12. ἐ. τῇ πηγῇ J 4:6 (Jos., Ant. 5, 58 ἐ. τινι πηγῇ; Just., A I, 64, 1 ἐ. ταῖς … πηγαῖς). ἐ. τῇ προβατικῇ (sc. πύλῃ) near the sheepgate 5:2; cp. Ac 3:10. ἐ. τῷ ποταμῷ near the river (since Il. 7, 133; Jos., Ant. 4, 176 ἐ. τ. Ἰορδάνῳ) Rv 9:14.—Of pers. (Diod S 14, 113, 6; Just., A I, 40, 7) ἐφʼ ὑμῖν among you 2 Cor 7:7; cp. Ac 28:14 v.l.③ marker of involvement in an official proceeding, before, w. gen., of pers., esp. in the language of lawsuits (Pla., Leg. 12, 943d; Isaeus 5, 1 al.; UPZ 71, 15; 16 [152 B.C.]; POxy 38, 11; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 382, 23=BGU 909, 23; Jos., Vi. 258; Just., A II, 1, 1 ἐ. Οὐρβίκου). ἐ. τοῦ ἡγεμόνος in the governor’s presence Mt 28:14. ἐ. ἡγεμόνων καὶ βασιλέων Mk 13:9. ἐ. σου before you (the procurator) Ac 23:30. ἐ. Τερτούλλου Phlm subscr. v.l.; στάντος μου ἐ. τοῦ συνεδρίου Ac 24:20 (cp. Diod S 11, 55, 4 ἐ. τοῦ κοινοῦ συνεδρίου τ. Ἑλλήνων). γυναικὸς … διαβληθείσης ἐ. τοῦ κυρίου Papias (2:17). κρίνεσθαι ἐ. τῶν ἀδίκων go to law before the unrighteous 1 Cor 6:1. κριθήσεται ἐφʼ ὑμῶν before your tribunal D 11:11. μαρτυρεῖν ἐ. Ποντίου Πιλάτου testify before Pontius Pilate 1 Ti 6:13 (s. μαρτυρέω 1c). ἐ. τοῦ βήματος (POxy 37 I, 3 [49 A.D.]) ἑστὼς ἐ. τοῦ βήματος Καίσαρός εἰμι I am standing before Caesar’s tribunal Ac 25:10 (Appian says Prooem. c. 15 §62 of himself: δίκαις ἐν Ῥώμῃ συναγορεύσας ἐ. τῶν βασιλέων=I acted as attorney in lawsuits in Rome before the emperors).—Gener. in someone’s presence (Appian, Syr. 61 §324 ἐφʼ ὑμῶν=in your presence) ἐ. Τίτου before Titus 2 Cor 7:14. Cp.10 below.④ marker of movement to or contact w. a goal, toward, in direction of, onⓐ w. gen., marking contact with the goal that is reached, answering the question ‘whither?’ toward, on, at w. verbs of motion (Appian, Iber. 98 §427 ἀπέπλευσεν ἐπʼ οἴκου=he sailed [toward] home; PGM 4, 2468f ἀναβὰς ἐ. δώματος; JosAs 27:1 ἀνέδραμε … ἐ. πέτρας; Jos., Ant. 4, 91 ἔφευγον ἐ. τ. πόλεων; Tat. 33:3 Εὐρώπην ἐ. τοῦ ταύρου καθιδρύσαντος) βάλλειν τὸν σπόρον ἐ. τῆς γῆς Mk 4:26; also σπείρειν vs. 31. πίπτειν (Wsd 18:23; TestAbr A 3 p. 80, 11 [Stone p. 8]; JosAs 9:1) 9:20; 14:35. καθιέναι Ac 10:11. τιθέναι (Sir 17:4) Lk 8:16; J 19:19; Ac 5:15. ἔρχεσθαι Hb 6:7; Rv 3:10; γίνεσθαι ἐ. reach, be at J 6:21. γενόμενος ἐ. τοῦ τόπου when he reached the place Lk 22:40. καθίζειν take one’s seat ἐ. θρόνου (JosAs 7:1 al.) Mt 19:28 (s. 1a end); 23:2; 25:31; J 19:13 (ἐ. βήματος of Pilate as Jos., Bell. 2, 172; of Jesus Just., A I, 35, 6). κρεμαννύναι ἐ. ξύλου hang on a tree (i.e. cross) (Gen 40:19; cp. Just., D. 86, 6 σταυρωθῆναι ἐ. τοῦ ξύλου) Ac 5:30; 10:39; cp. Gal 3:13 (Dt 21:23).ⓑ w. acc.α. specifying direction (En 24:2 ἐ. νότον ‘southward’ of position of the mountain) of motion that takes a particular direction, to, toward ἐκτείνας τ. χεῖρα ἐ. τοὺς μαθητάς Mt 12:49; cp. Lk 22:53 (JosAs 12:8). πορεύεσθαι ἐ. τὸ ἀπολωλός go after the one that is lost 15:4. ἐ. τὴν ῏Ασσον in the direction of Assos Ac 20:13. ἐπιστρέφειν ἐ. τι turn to someth. 2 Pt 2:22 (cp. Pr 26:11; En 99:5). ὡς ἐ. λῃστήν as if against a robber Mt 26:55; Mk 14:48; Lk 22:52.β. from one point to another across, over w. motion implied (Hom.+; LXX) περιπατεῖν, ἐλθεῖν ἐ. τ. θάλασσαν or ἐ. τ. ὕδατα Mt 14:25, 28f; J 6:19 P75. Of spreading across the land (PsSol 17:10): famine Ac 7:11; 11:28; darkness Mt 27:45; Lk 23:44. ἐ. σταδίους δώδεκα χιλιάδων across twelve thousand stades Rv 21:16 v.l. (Polyaenus 5, 44, 4 ἐ. στάδια δέκα); ἐ. πλεῖον further (1 Esdr 2:24; 2 Macc 10:27) Ac 4:17.γ. of goal attained (Hom. et al.; LXX) on, upon someone or someth. πέσατε ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς Lk 23:30 (Hos 10:8). ἔπεσεν ἐ. τὰ πετρώδη Mt 13:5; cp. Lk 13:4. ἔρχεσθαι ἐ. τινα come upon someone Mt 3:16; also καταβαίνειν fr. above J 1:33; cp. Rv 16:21. ἀναβαίνειν (Jos., Ant. 13, 138; Just., A II, 12, 7) Lk 5:19. ἐπιβαίνειν Mt 21:5 (Zech 9:9).—Ac 2:3; 9:4 al.; διασωθῆναι ἐ. τ. γῆν be brought safely to the land 27:44; cp. vs. 43; Lk 8:27. ἐ. τὸ πλοῖον to the ship Ac 20:13. ἀναπεσεῖν ἐ. τὴν γῆν lie down or sit down on the ground Mt 15:35. ἔρριψεν αὐτὸν χαμαὶ ἐ. τὸν σάκκον he threw himself down on the sackcloth GJs 13:1. τιθέναι τι ἐ. τι put someth. on someth. (JosAs 16:11) Mt 5:15; Lk 11:33; Mk 8:25 v.l.; likew. ἐπιτιθέναι (JosAs 29:5) Mt 23:4; Mk 8:25; Lk 15:5; J 9:6, 15; Ac 15:10. ἐπιβάλλειν τ. χεῖρας ἐ. τινα (Gen 22:12 al.) Mt 26:50; Lk 21:12; Ac 5:18. Mainly after verbs of placing, laying, putting, bringing, etc. on, to: ἀναβιβάζω, ἀναφέρω, βάλλω, γράφω, δίδωμι, ἐγγίζω, ἐπιβιβάζω, ἐπιγράφω, ἐποικοδομέω, ἐπιρ(ρ)ίπτω, θεμελιόω, ἵστημι, κατάγω, οἰκοδομέω, σωρεύω; s. these entries. Sim. βρέχειν ἐ. τινα cause rain to fall upon someone Mt 5:45 (cp. PsSol 17:18); also τ. ἥλιον ἀνατέλλειν ἐ. τινα cause the sun to rise so that its rays fall upon someone *ibid. τύπτειν τινὰ ἐ. τὴν σιαγόνα strike on the cheek Lk 6:29. πίπτειν ἐ. (τὸ) πρόσωπον (Jdth 14:6) on the face Mt 17:6; 26:39; Lk 5:12; 17:16; 1 Cor 14:25; Rv 7:11.—To, upon w. acc. of thing πορεύεσθαι ἐ. τὴν ὁδόν go to the road Ac 8:26; cp. 9:11. ἐ. τὰς διεξόδους Mt 22:9. ἵνα μὴ πνέῃ ἄνεμος ἐ. πᾶν δένδρον so that no wind should blow upon any tree Rv 7:1.δ. of closeness to someth. or someone to, up to, in the neighborhood of, on ἐ. τὸ μνημεῖον up to the tomb Mk 16:2; Lk 24:1 v.l., 22, 24; cp. ἐ. τὸ μνῆμα Mk 16:2 v.l.; Lk 24:1. ἔρχεσθαι ἐ. τι ὕδωρ come to some water Ac 8:36. ἐ. τὴν πύλην τὴν σιδηρᾶν to the iron gate 12:10. καταβαίνειν ἐ. τὴν θάλασσαν go down to the sea J 6:16. ἐ. τὸν Ἰορδάνην Mt 3:13 (Just., D. 88, 3 al.). ἀναπίπτειν ἐ. τὸ στῆθος he leaned back on (Jesus’) breast J 13:25; 21:20. πίπτειν ἐ. τοὺς πόδας fall at (someone’s) feet Ac 10:25 (JosAs 14:10 ἔπεσεν ἐ πρόσωπον ἐ. τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ). ἐ. τ. ἀκάνθας among the thorns Mt 13:7.—W. acc. of pers. to someone ἐ. τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐλθόντες they came to Jesus J 19:33; cp. Mt 27:27; Mk 5:21.ε. in imagery of goal or objective to, toward (Just., A II, 7, 6 ἐπʼ ἀμφότερα τρέπεσθαι) ἐπιστρέφειν, ἐπιστρέφεσθαι ἐ. τινα turn to (Dt 30:10; 31:20 al.; Ar. 2, 1 ἔλθωμεν καὶ ἐ. τὸ ἀνθρώπινον γένος ‘let us now turn to …’; Just., D. 56, 11 ἐ. τὰς γραφὰς ἐπανελθών) Lk 1:17; Ac 9:35; 11:21; 14:15; 26:20; Gal 4:9; 1 Pt 2:25.⑤ marker of manner, corresponding to an adv., w. dat. (Aeschyl., Suppl. 628 ἐπʼ ἀληθείᾳ; UPZ 162 VI, 3 [117 B.C.] κακοτρόπως καὶ ἐ. ῥαδιουργίᾳ; POxy 237 VI, 21 ἐ. τῇ τῶν ἀνθρ. σωτηρίᾳ; ἐφʼ ὁράσει En 14:8; Just., A I, 9, 3 ἐφʼ ὕβρει; 55, 7 ἐ. τούτῳ τῷ σχήματι ‘in this form’; Tat. 17, 1 ἐπʼ ἀκριβείᾳ; Ath. 33, 2 ἐφʼ ἑνὶ γάμῳ) ὁ σπείρων ἐπʼ εὐλογίαις (in contrast to ὁ σπείρων φειδομένως one who sows sparingly) one who sows in blessing (i.e. generously) 2 Cor 9:6. ἐπʼ εὐλογίαις θερίζειν reap generously ibid.⑥ marker of basis for a state of being, action, or result, on, w. dat. (Hom. et al.)ⓐ ἐπʼ ἄρτῳ ζῆν live on bread Mt 4:4; Lk 4:4 (both Dt 8:3. cp. Ps.-Pla., Alcib. 1, 105c; Plut., Mor. 526d; Alciphron 3, 7, 5; SibOr 4, 154). ἐ. τῷ ῥήματί σου depending on your word Lk 5:5. οὐ συνῆκαν ἐ. τοῖς ἄρτοις they did not arrive at an understanding (of it) (by reflecting) on (the miracle of) the loaves Mk 6:52 (cp. Demosth. 18, 121 τί σαυτὸν οὐκ ἐλλεβορίζεις ἐ. τούτοις [sc. λόγοις];=why do you not come to an understanding concerning these words?). ἐ. τῇ πίστει on the basis of faith Ac 3:16; Phil 3:9. ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι on the basis of hope, supporting itself on hope Ac 2:26 (? s. ἐλπίς 1bα); Ro 4:18; 8:20; 1 Cor 9:10; Tit 1:2.—Ac 26:6 ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι gives the basis of the trial at law, as does ἐ. εὐεργεσίᾳ 4:9. ἀπολύειν τ. γυναῖκα ἐ. πορνείᾳ Mt 19:9 (cp. Dio Chrys. 26 [43], 10 ἀπολύειν ἐπʼ ἀργυρίῳ; Ath. 2, 3 κρίνεσθαι … μὴ ἐ. τῷ ὀνόματι, ἐ. δὲ τῷ ἀδικήματι). γυναικὸς ἐ. πόλλαις ἁμαρτίαις διαβληθείσης Papias (2:17). On the basis of the testimony of two witnesses (cp. Appian, Iber. 79 §343 ἤλεγχον ἐ. μάρτυσι) Hb 10:28 (Dt 17:6); sim. use of ἐ. τινί on the basis of someth.: 8:6; 9:10, 15 (here it may also be taken in the temporal sense; s. 18 below), 17. ἁμαρτάνειν ἐ. τῷ ὁμοιώματι τ. παραβάσεως Ἀδάμ Ro 5:14 (ὁμοίωμα 1). δαπανᾶν ἐ. τινι pay the expenses for someone Ac 21:24. ἀρκεῖσθαι ἐ. τινι be content w. someth. 3J 10.ⓑ w. verbs of believing, hoping, trusting: πεποιθέναι (Wsd 3:9; Sus 35; 1 Macc 10:71; 2 Macc 7:40 and oft.) Lk 11:22; 18:9; 2 Cor 1:9; Hb 2:13 (2 Km 22:3). πιστεύειν Lk 24:25; Ro 9:33; 10:11; 1 Pt 2:6 (the last three Is 28:16). ἐλπίζειν (2 Macc 2:18; Sir 34:7) Ro 15:12 (Is 11:10); 1 Ti 4:10; 6:17; cp. 1J 3:3. παρρησιάζεσθαι Ac 14:3.ⓒ after verbs which express feelings, opinions, etc.: at, because of, from, with (Hom. et al.) διαταράσσεσθαι Lk 1:29. ἐκθαυμάζειν Mk 12:17. ἐκπλήσσεσθαι Mt 7:28; Mk 1:22; Lk 4:32; Ac 13:12. ἐξίστασθαι (Jdth 11:16; Wsd 5:2 al.) Lk 2:47. ἐπαισχύνεσθαι (Is 1:29) Ro 6:21. εὐφραίνεσθαι (Sir 16:1; 18:32; 1 Macc 11:44) Rv 18:20. θαμβεῖσθαι Mk 10:24; cp. Lk 5:9; Ac 3:10. θαυμάζειν (Lev 26:32; Jdth 10:7 al.; Jos., Ant. 10, 277) Mk 12:17 v.l. μακροθυμεῖν (Sir 18:11; 29:8; 35:19) Mt 18:26, 29; Lk 18:7; Js 5:7. μετανοεῖν (Plut., Ag. 803 [19, 5]; Ps.-Lucian, Salt. 84; Prayer of Manasseh [=Odes 12] 7; Just., A I, 61, 10; D. 95, 3 al.) 2 Cor 12:21. ὀδυνᾶσθαι (cp. Tob 6:15) Ac 20:38. ὀργίζεσθαι Rv 12:17. σπλαγχνίζεσθαι Mt 14:14; Lk 7:13. συλλυπεῖσθαι Mk 3:5. στυγνάζειν 10:22. χαίρειν (PEleph 13, 3; Jos., Ant. 1, 294; Tob 13:15; Bar 4:33; JosAs 4:2; Ar. 15, 7) Mt 18:13; Lk 1:14; 13:17; Ro 16:19 al. χαρὰν καὶ παράκλησιν ἔχειν Phlm 7. χαρὰ ἔσται Lk 15:7; cp. vs. 10 (Jos., Ant. 6, 116 ἡ ἐ. τῇ νίκῃ χαρά). Also w. verbs that denote aroused feelings παραζηλοῦν and παροργίζειν make jealous and angry at Ro 10:19 (Dt 32:21). παρακαλεῖν 1 Th 3:7a (cp. Just., D. 78:8 παράκλησιν ἐχουσῶν ἐ.), as well as those verbs that denote an expression of the emotions ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι (cp. Tob 13:15; Ps 69:5) Lk 1:47; Hs 8, 1, 18; 9, 24, 2. καυχᾶσθαι (Diod S 16, 70; Sir 30:2) Ro 5:2. κοπετὸν ποιεῖν (cp. 3 Macc 4:3) Ac 8:2. ὀλολύζειν Js 5:1. αἰνεῖν (cp. X., An. 3, 1, 45 al.) Lk 2:20. δοξάζειν (Polyb. 6, 53, 10; cp. Diod S 17, 21, 4 δόξα ἐ. ἀνδρείᾳ=fame because of bravery) Ac 4:21; 2 Cor 9:13. εὐχαριστεῖν give thanks for someth. (s. εὐχαριστέω 2; UPZ 59, 10 [168 B.C.] ἐ. τῷ ἐρρῶσθαί σε τ. θεοῖς εὐχαρίστουν) 1 Cor 1:4; cp. 2 Cor 9:15; 1 Th 3:9.—ἐφʼ ᾧ = ἐπὶ τούτῳ ὅτι for this reason that, because (Diod S 19, 98; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 112 §520; Ael. Aristid. 53 p. 640 D.; Synes., Ep. 73 p. 221c; Damasc., Vi. Isid. 154; Syntipas p. 12, 9; 127, 8; Thomas Mag. ἐφʼ ᾧ ἀντὶ τοῦ διότι; cp. W-S. §24, 5b and 12f. S. WKümmel, D. Bild des Menschen im NT ’48, 36–40) Ro 5:12 (SLyonnet, Biblica 36, ’55, 436–56 [denies a causal sense here]. On the probability of commercial idiom s. FDanker, FGingrich Festschr. ’72, 104f, also Ro 5:12, Sin under Law: NTS 14, ’68, 424–39; against him SPorter, TynBull 41, ’90, 3–30, also NTS 39, ’93, 321–33; difft. JFitzmyer, Anchor Bible Comm.: Romans, ad loc. ‘w. the result that all have sinned’); 2 Cor 5:4; Phil 3:12; for, indeed 4:10.⑦ marker of addition to what is already in existence, to, in addition to. W. dat. (Hom. et al.; PEleph 5, 17 [284/283 B.C.] μηνὸς Τῦβι τρίτῃ ἐπʼ εἰκάδι; Tob 2:14; Sir 3:27; 5:5) προσέθηκεν τοῦτο ἐ. πᾶσιν he added this to everything else Lk 3:20 (cp. Lucian, Luct. [On Funerals], 24). ἐ. τ. παρακλήσει ἡμῶν in addition to our comfort 2 Cor 7:13. λύπη ἐ. λύπῃ grief upon grief Phil 2:27 v.l. (cp. Soph., Oed. C. 544, also Polyb. 1, 57, 1 πληγὴ ἐ. πληγῇ; Plut., Mor. 123f; Polyaenus 5, 52 ἐ. φόνῳ φόνον; Quint. Smyrn. 5, 602 ἐ. πένθει πένθος=sorrow upon sorrow; Sir 26:15). ἐ. τῇ σῇ εὐχαριστίᾳ to your prayer of thanks 1 Cor 14:16. So perh. also Hb 8:1. ἐ. πᾶσι τούτοις to all these Col 3:14; Lk 16:26 v.l. (X., Mem. 1, 2, 25 al.; Sir 37:15; cp. 1 Macc 10:42; Just., D. 133, 1 ἐ. τούτοις πᾶσι).—W. acc.: addition to someth. of the same kind Mt 6:27; Lk 12:25; Rv 22:18a. λύπην ἐ. λύπην sorrow upon sorrow Phil 2:27 (cp. Is 28:10, 13; Ezk 7:26; Ps 68:28).⑧ marker of perspective, in consideration of, in regard to, on the basis of, concerning, about, w. gen. (Antig. Car. 164 ἐ. τῶν οἴνων ἀλλοιοῦσθαι; 4 Macc. 2:9 ἐ. τῶν ἑτέρων … ἔστιν ἐπιγνῶναι τοῦτο, ὅτι …; Ath. 29, 2 τὰ ἐ. τῆς μανίας πάθη) ἐ. δύο ἢ τριῶν μαρτύρων on the evidence of two or three witnesses 1 Ti 5:19 (cp. TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 22ff. [Stone p. 32]). Sim. in the expr. ἐ. στόματος δύο μαρτύρων (Dt 19:15) Mt 18:16; 2 Cor 13:1. ἐπʼ αὐτῆς on the basis of it Hb 7:11. ἐπʼ ἀληθείας based on truth = in accordance w. truth, truly (Demosth. 18, 17 ἐπʼ ἀληθείας οὐδεμιᾶς εἰρημένα; POxy 255, 16 [48 A.D.]; Da 2:8; Tob 8:7; En 104:11) Mk 12:14, 32; Lk 4:25; 20:21; Ac 4:27. ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῦ based on himself = to or by himself (X., An. 2, 4, 10; Demosth. 18, 224 ἐκρίνετο ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῦ; Dionys. Hal., Comp. Verb. 16 ἐ. σεαυτοῦ. Cp. Kühner-G. I 498e) 2 Cor 10:7.—To introduce the object which is to be discussed or acted upon λέγειν ἐ. τινος speak of, about someth. (Pla., Charm., 155d, Leg. 2, 662d; Isocr. 6, 41; Aelian, VH 1, 30; Jer 35:8; EpArist 162; 170; Ath. 5:1 ἐ. τοῦ νοητοῦ … δογματίζειν) Gal 3:16. Do someth. on, in the case of (cp. 1 Esdr 1:22) σημεῖα ποιεῖν ἐ. τῶν ἀσθενούντων work miracles on the sick J 6:2.—On B 13:6 s. τίθημι 1bζ.—In ref. to someth. (Aristot., Pol. 1280a, 17; 4 Macc 12:5 τῶν ἐ. τῆς βασιλείας … πραγμάτων; Just., A I, 5, 1 ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ‘in our case’, D. 131, 4; Ath. 15, 3 ἐ. τῆς ὕλης καὶ τοῦ θεοῦ ‘as respects God and matter, so …’) ἐ. τινων δεῖ ἐγκρατεύεσθαι in certain matters one must practice self-control Hm 8:1. οὔτε … οἴδασι τὸν ἐ. τοῦ πυροῦ σπόρον nor do they comprehend (the figurative sense of) the sowing of wheat AcPlCor 2:26 (cp. 1 Cor 15:36f).⑨ marker of power, authority, control of or over someone or someth., overⓐ w. gen. (Hdt. 5, 109 al.; Mitt-Wilck. I/1, 124, 1=BGU 1120, 1 [5 B.C.] πρωτάρχῳ ἐ. τοῦ κριτηρίου; 287, 1; LXX; AscIs 2:5 τοῦ ἐ. τῶν πραγματε[ι] ῶν=Denis p. 109) βασιλεύειν ἐ. τινος (Judg 9:8, 10; 1 Km 8:7) Rv 5:10. ἔχειν βασιλείαν ἐ. τῶν βασιλέων 17:18. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐ. τινος have power over someone 20:6. διδόναι ἐξουσίαν ἐ. τινος 2:26. καθιστάναι τινὰ ἐ. τινος set someone over, put someone in charge, of someth. or someone (Pla., Rep. 5, 460b; Demosth. 18, 118; Gen 39:4f; 1 Macc 6:14; 10:37; 2 Macc 12:20 al.; EpArist 281; τεταγμένος En 20:5) Mt 24:45; Lk 12:42; Ac 6:3. εἶναι ἐ. τινος (Synes., Ep. 79 p. 224d; Tob 1:22; Jdth 14:13; 1 Macc 10:69) ὸ̔ς ἦν ἐ. πάσης τῆς γάζης αὐτῆς who was in charge of all her treasure 8:27. Of God ὁ ὢν ἐ. πάντων (Apollonius of Tyana [I A.D.] in Eus., PE 4, 13) Ro 9:5; cp. Eph 4:6. ὁ ἐ. τινος w. ὤν to be supplied (Demosth. 18, 247 al.; Diod S 13, 47, 6; Plut., Pyrrh. 385 [5, 7], Aemil. Paul. 267 [23, 6]; PTebt 5, 88 [118 B.C.] ὁ ἐ. τ. προσόδων; 1 Macc 6:28; 2 Macc 3:7; 3 Macc 6:30 al.; EpArist 110; 174) ὁ ἐ. τοῦ κοιτῶνος the chamberlain Ac 12:20.ⓑ w dat. (X., Cyr. 1, 2, 5; 2, 4, 25 al., An. 4, 1, 13; Demosth. 19, 113; Aeschines 2, 73; Esth 8:12e; Just., A II, 5, 2 ἀγγέλοις οὓς ἐ. τούτοις ἔταξε; cp. Ath. 24, 3; Ath. 6, 4 τὸν ἐ. τῇ κινήσει τοῦ σώματος λόγον) Mt 24:47; Lk 12:44.ⓒ w. acc. (X., Hell. 3, 4, 20 al.; Dionys. Byz. §56 θεῷ ἐ. πάντα δύναμις; LXX; PsSol 17:3, 32) βασιλεύειν ἐ. τινα rule over someone (Gen 37:8; Judg 9:15 B al.) Lk 1:33; 19:14, 27; Ro 5:14. καθιστάναι τινὰ ἐ. τινα set someone over someone (X., Cyr. 4, 5, 58) κριτὴν ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς as judge over you Lk 12:14; ἡγούμενον ἐπʼ Αἴγυπτον Ac 7:10; cp. Hb 2:7 v.l. (Ps 8:7); 3:6; 10:21. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐ. τι Rv 16:9. ἐξουσίαν διδόναι ἐ. τι (Sir 33:20) Lk 9:1; 10:19; Rv 6:8; cp. 22:14. φυλάσσειν φυλακὰς ἐ. τι Lk 2:8 (cp. En 100:5). ὑπεραίρεσθαι ἐ. τινα exalt oneself above someone 2 Th 2:4 (cp. Da 11:36); but here the mng. against is also poss. (s. 12b below). πιστὸς ἐ. τι faithful over someth. Mt 25:21, 23.⑩ marker of legal proceeding, before, w. acc. in the lang. of the law-courts ἐ. ἡγεμόνας καὶ βασιλεῖς ἄγεσθαι be brought before governors and kings Mt 10:18; cp. Lk 21:12 (cp. BGU 22, 36 [114 A.D.] ἀξιῶ ἀκθῆναι [=ἀχθῆναι] τ. ἐνκαλουμένους ἐ. σὲ πρὸς δέουσαν ἐπέξοδον; Just., A II, 2, 12 ἐ. Οὔρβικον). ὑπάγεις ἐπʼ ἄρχοντα you are going before the magistrate Lk 12:58; cp. Ac 16:19. ἤγαγον αὐτὸν ἐ. τὸν Πιλᾶτον Lk 23:1. ἐ. τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς Ac 9:21. ἐ. Καίσαρα πορεύεσθαι come before the emperor 25:12. ἐ. τὰς συναγωγάς Lk 12:11. ἐ. τὸ βῆμα Ac 18:12. Cp. 3 above. Here the focus is on transfer to the judiciary.⑪ marker of purpose, goal, result, to, for, w. acc. (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 2, 3 Jac. ἐ. κατοικίαν) ἐ. τὸ βάπτισμα for baptism=to have themselves baptized Mt 3:7 (cp. Just., A I, 61, 10 ἐ. τὸ λουτρόν; D. 56, 1 ἐ. τὴν … κρίσιν πεμφθεῖσι). ἐ. τὴν θεωρίαν ταύτην for (i.e. to see) this sight Lk 23:48 (sim. Hom. et al.; POxy 294, 18 [22 A.D.]; LXX; Tat. 23, 2 ἐ. τὴν θέαν). ἐ. τὸ συμφέρον to (our) advantage Hb 12:10 (cp. Tat. 6, 1; 34, 2 οὐκ ἐ. τι χρήσιμον ‘to no purpose’). ἐ. σφαγήν Ac 8:32 (Is 53:7); cp. Mt 22:5; ἐ. τ. τελειότητα Hb 6:1. ἐ. τοῦτο for this (X., An. 2, 5, 22; Jos., Ant. 12, 23) Lk 4:43. ἐφʼ ὅ; for what (reason)? Mt 26:50 v.l. (s. ὅς 1bα and 1iβ). Cp. 16.⑫ marker of hostile opposition, againstⓐ w. dat. (Hom. et al.; 2 Macc 13:19; Sir 28:23 v.l.; fig. Ath. 22, 7 τοὺς ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς λόγους ‘counter-evidence’) Lk 12:52f (s. use of acc. b below); Ac 11:19. Cp. J 8:7 v.l. (1bβ above).ⓑ w. acc. (Hdt. 1, 71; X., Hell. 3, 4, 20 al.; Jos., Ant. 13, 331; LXX; En; TestJud 3:1 al.; JosAs 19:2; Just., D. 103, 7; Tat. 36, 2) ὥρμησαν ἐ. αὐτόν Ac 7:57. ἔρχεσθαι Lk 14:31. ἐπαναστήσονται τέκνα ἐ. γονεῖς Mt 10:21; Mk 13:12; cp. ἔθνος ἐ. ἔθνος Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8. ἐφʼ ἑαυτόν divided against himself Mt 12:26; Mk 3:24f, 26; Lk 11:17f; cp. J 13:18 (s. Ps 40:10); Ac 4:27; 13:50 al.—Lk 12:53 (4 times; the first and third occurrences w. the acc. are prob. influenced by usage in Mic 7:6; the use of the dat. Lk 12:52f [s. a above] w. a verb expressing a circumstance is in accord with older Gk. [Il. et al.], which prefers the acc. with verbs of motion in ref. to hostility). Cp. 15.⑬ marker of number or measure, w. acc. (Hdt. et. al.; LXX; GrBar 3:6) ἐ. τρίς (CIG 1122, 9; PHolm α18) three times Ac 10:16; 11:10. So also ἐ. πολύ more than once Hm 4, 1, 8. ἐ. πολύ (also written ἐπιπολύ) in a different sense to a great extent, carefully (Hdt., Thu. et al.; Lucian, D. Deor. 6, 2; 25, 2; 3 Macc 5:17; Jos., Ant. 17, 107) B 4:1. ἐ. πλεῖον to a greater extent, further (Hdt., Thu. et al.; Diod S 11, 60, 5 al.; prob. 2 Macc 12:36; TestGad 7:2; Ar. 4, 3; Ath. 7, 1 ἐ. το πλεῖστον) 2 Ti 3:9; 1 Cl 18:3 (Ps 50:4). ἐ. τὸ χεῖρον 2 Ti 3:13. ἐφʼ ὅσον to the degree that, in so far as (Diod S 1, 93, 2; Maximus Tyr. 11, 3c ἐφʼ ὅσον δύναται; Hierocles 14 p. 451) Mt 25:40, 45; B 4:11; 17:1; Ro 11:13.⑭ marker indicating the one to whom, for whom, or about whom someth. is done, to, on, aboutⓐ w. dat. πράσσειν τι ἐ. τινι do someth. to someone Ac 5:35 (thus Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 15 §51; cp. δρᾶν τι ἐ. τινι Hdt. 3, 14; Aelian, NA 11, 11); about γεγραμμένα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ J 12:16 (cp. Hdt. 1, 66). προφητεύειν ἐ. τινι Rv 10:11. μαρτυρεῖν bear witness about Hb 11:4; Rv 22:16. ἐ. σοὶ … φανερώσει κύριος τὸ λύτρον the Lord will reveal the salvation to you GJs 7:2.ⓑ w. acc.α. ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν γεγόνει τὸ σημεῖον the man on whom the miracle had been performed Ac 4:22 (cp. Just., D. 128, 1 κρίσεως γεγενημένης ἐ. Σόδομα). ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν λέγεται ταῦτα the one about whom this was said Hb 7:13 (cp. ἐ. πόρρω οὖσαν [γενεὰν] ἐγὼ λαλῶ En 1:2). γέγραπται ἐπʼ αὐτόν Mk 9:12f; cp. Ro 4:9; 1 Ti 1:18; βάλλειν κλῆρον ἐ. τι for someth. Mk 15:24; J 19:24 (Ps 21:19). ἀνέβη ὁ κλῆρος ἐ. Συμεών the lot came up in favor of Simeon GJs 24:4.β. of powers, conditions, etc., which come upon someone or under whose influence someone is: on, upon, to, over ἐγένετο ῥῆμα θεοῦ ἐ. Ἰωάννην the word of God came to John Lk 3:2 (cp. Jer 1:1). Of divine blessings (cp. En 1:8; ParJer 5:28) Mt 10:13; 12:28; Lk 10:6; 11:20; cp. 10:9; Ac 10:10. ἵνα ἐπισκηνώσῃ ἐπʼ ἐμὲ ἡ δύναμις τ. Χριστοῦ that the power of Christ may rest upon me 2 Cor 12:9. χάρις θεοῦ ἦν ἐπʼ αὐτό Lk 2:40. Various verbs are used in ref. to the Holy Spirit, either in pass. or act. role, in connection w. ἐ. τινα: ἐκχεῖν Ac 2:17f (Jo 3:1f); cp. 10:45; Tit 3:6. ἀποστέλλειν (ἐξαποστέλλειν v.l.) Lk 24:49. ἐπέρχεσθαι 1:35; Ac 1:8 (Just., D. 87, 3; cp. ἔρχεσθαι A I, 33, 6; D. 49, 7 ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἠλίου ἐ. τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐλθεῖν). ἐπιπίπτειν 10:44. καταβαίνειν Lk 3:22; J 1:33. τίθεσθαι Mt 12:18 (cp. Is 42:1). Also εἶναι Lk 2:25. μένειν J 1:32f. ἀναπαύεσθαι 1 Pt 4:14. Of unpleasant or startling experiences Lk 1:12, 65; 4:36; Ac 13:11; 19:17; Rv 11:11.—Lk 19:43; 21:35, cp. vs. 34; J 18:4; Eph 5:6; cp. Rv 3:3.—Ro 2:2, 9; 15:3 (Ps 68:10). Of the blood of the righteous, that comes over or upon the murderers Mt 23:35; 27:25; Ac 5:28. Of care, which one casts on someone else 1 Pt 5:7 (Ps 54:23).⑮ marker of feelings directed toward someone, in, on, for, toward, w. acc., after words that express belief, trust, hope: πιστεύειν ἐ. τινα, w. acc. (Wsd 12:2; Just., D. 16:4 al.) Ac 9:42; 11:17; 16:31; 22:19; Ro 4:24. πίστις Hb 6:1. πεποιθέναι (Is 58:14) Mt 27:43; 2 Th 3:4; 2 Cor 2:3. ἐλπίζειν (1 Ch 5:20; 2 Ch 13:18 al.; PsSol 9:10; 17:3; Just., D. 16:4 al.) 1 Pt 1:13; 1 Ti 5:5. After words that characterize an emotion or its expression: for κόπτεσθαι (Zech 12:10) Rv 1:7; 18:9. κλαίειν Lk 23:28; Rv 18:9 (cp. JosAs 15:9 χαρήσεται ἐ. σέ). σπλαγχνίζεσθαι Mt 15:32; Mk 8:2; 9:22; Hm 4, 3, 5; Hs 9, 24, 2. χρηστός toward Lk 6:35. χρηστότης Ro 11:22; Eph 2:7; cp. Ro 9:23. Esp. also if the feelings or their expressions are of a hostile nature: toward, against (cp. λοιδορεῖν Just., D. 137, 2) ἀποτομία Ro 11:22. μαρτύριον Lk 9:5. μάρτυς ἐ. τ. ἐμὴν ψυχήν a witness against my soul (cp. Dssm., LO 258; 355 [LAE 304; 417]) 2 Cor 1:23. ἀσχημονεῖν 1 Cor 7:36. μοιχᾶσθαι Mk 10:11. τολμᾶν 2 Cor 10:2 (En 7:4). βρύχειν τ. ὀδόντας Ac 7:54. Cp. 12.⑯ marker of object or purpose, with dat. in ref. to someth. (Hom., Thu. et al.; SIG 888, 5 ἐ. τῇ τῶν ἀνθρ. σωτηρίᾳ; PTebt 44, 6 [114 B.C.] ὄντος μου ἐ. θεραπείᾳ ἐν τῷ Ἰσιείω; LXX; TestJob 3:5 ὁ ἐ. τῇ σωτηρίᾳ τῆς ἐμῆς ψυχῆς ἐλθών; Jos., Ant. 5, 101; Just., A I, 29, 1 ἐ. παίδων ἀναστροφῇ; D. 91, 4 ἐ. σωτηρίᾳ τῶν πιστευόντων) καλείν τινα ἐ. τινι call someone for someth. Gal 5:13 (on ἐπʼ ἐλευθερίᾳ cp. Demosth. 23, 124; [59], 32); ἐ. ἀκαθαρσίᾳ for impurity, i.e. so that we should be impure 1 Th 4:7. κτισθέντες ἐ. ἔργοις ἀγαθοῖς for good deeds Eph 2:10. λογομαχεῖν ἐ. καταστροφῇ τῶν ἀκουόντων for the ruin of those who hear 2 Ti 2:14 (cp. Eur., Hipp. 511; X., Mem. 2, 3, 19 ἐ. βλάβη; Hdt. 1, 68 ἐ. κακῷ ἀνθρώπου; Polyb. 27, 7, 13 and PGM 4, 2440 ἐπʼ ἀγαθῷ=‘for good’). Cp. 11.⑰ marker in idiom of authorization, w. dat.: the formula ἐ. τῷ ὀνοματί τινος, in the name of someone, used w. many verbs (Just., D. 39, 6 w. γίνεσθαι, otherw. ἐ. ὀνόματος, e.g. A I, 61, 13; w. διὰ τοῦ ὀ. and in oaths κατὰ τοῦ ὀ. A II, 6, 6, D. 30, 3; 85, 2.—Ath. 23, 1 ἐ. ὀνόματι εἰδώλων.—ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι LXX; JosAs 9:1), focuses on the authorizing function of the one named in the gen. (cp. WHeitmüller [‘Im Namen Jesu’ 1903, 13ff], ‘in connection with, or by the use of, i.e. naming, or calling out, or calling upon the name’ [88]): βαπτίζειν Ac 2:38. δέχεσθαί τινα Mt 18:5; Mk 9:37; Lk 9:48. διδάσκειν Ac 4:18; 5:28. δύναμιν ποιεῖν Mk 9:39. ἐκβάλλειν δαιμόνια Lk 9:49 v.l. ἔρχεσθαι Mt 24:5; Mk 13:6; Lk 21:8. κηρύσσειν 24:47. λαλεῖν Ac 4:17; 5:40. Semantically divergent from the preceding, but formulaically analogous, is καλεῖν τινα ἐ. τῷ ὀν. τινος name someone after someone (2 Esdr 17:63) Lk 1:59.—ὄνομα 1dγג.—M-M.⑱ marker of temporal associations, in the time of, at, on, forⓐ w. gen., time within which an event or condition takes place (Hom.+) in the time of, under (kings or other rulers): in the time of Elisha Lk 4:27 (cp. Just., D. 46, 6 ἐ. Ἠλίου). ἐ. τῆς μετοικεσίας at the time of the exile Mt 1:11. Under=during the rule or administration of (Hes., Op. 111; Hdt. 6, 98 al.; OGI 90, 15; PAmh 43, 2 [173 B.C.]; UPZ 162 V, 5 [117 B.C.]; 1 Esdr 2:12; 1 Macc 13:42; 2 Macc 15:22; Jos., Ant. 12, 156 ἐ. ἀρχιερέως Ὀ.) ἐ. Ἀβιαθὰρ ἀρχιερέως under, in the time of, Abiathar the high priest Mk 2:26. ἐ. ἀρχιερέως Ἅννα καὶ Καιάφα Lk 3:2. ἐ. Κλαυδίου Ac 11:28 (Just., A I, 26, 2). ἐ. τῶν πατέρων in the time of the fathers 1 Cl 23:3. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν in the last days (Gen 49:1; Num 24:14; Mi 4:1; Jer 37:24; Da 10:14) 2 Pt 3:3; Hs 9, 12, 3; cp. Hb 1:2. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τοῦ χρόνου in the last time Jd 18. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τῶν χρόνων at the end of the times/ages 1 Pt 1:20. ἐ. τῶν προσευχῶν μου when I pray, in my prayers (cp. PTebt 58, 31 [111 B.C.] ἐ. τ. διαλόγου, ‘in the discussion’; 4 Macc 15:19 ἐ. τ. βασάνων ‘during the tortures’; Sir 37:29; 3 Macc 5:40; Demetr.: 722, Fgm. 1, 14 Jac. ἐ. τοῦ ἀρίστου; Synes., Ep. 121 p. 258c ἐ. τῶν κοινῶν ἱερῶν) Ro 1:10; Eph 1:16; 1 Th 1:2; Phlm 4.ⓑ w. dat., time at or during which (Hom. et al.; PTebt 5, 66 [118 B.C.]; PAmh 157; LXX; Just., A I, 13, 3 ἐ. χρόνοις Τίερίου) at, in, at the time of, during: ἐ. τοῖς νῦν χρόνοις in these present times 2 Cl 19:4. ἐ. τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ at the time of the first covenant Hb 9:15. ἐ. συντελείᾳ τ. αἰώνων at the close of the age 9:26 (Tat. 13, 1 ἐ. ς. τοῦ κόσμου; cp. Sir 22:10 and PLond III, 954, 18 p. 154 [260 A.D.] ἐ. τέλει τ. χρόνου; POxy 275, 20 [66 A.D.] ἐ. συνκλεισμῷ τ. χρόνου; En 27:3 ἐπʼ ἐσχάτοις αἰώσιν). ἐ. τῇ θυσίᾳ at the time of, together with, the sacrifice Phil 2:17. ἐ. πάσῃ τῇ μνείᾳ ὑμῶν at every remembrance of you Phil 1:3. ἐ. παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν during your wrath, i.e. while you are angry Eph 4:26. ἐ. πάσῃ τῇ ἀνάγκῃ in all (our) distress 1 Th 3:7b. ἐ. πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει 2 Cor 1:4. ἐ. τούτῳ in the meanwhile J 4:27 (Lucian, Dial. Deor. 17, 2, cp. Philops. 14 p. 41; Syntipas p. 76, 2 ἐφʼ ἡμέραις ἑπτα; 74, 6).ⓒ w. acc.α. answering the question ‘when?’ on: ἐ. τὴν αὔριον (Sb 6011, 14 [I B.C.]; PRyl 441 ἐ. τὴν ἐπαύριον) (on) the next day Lk 10:35; Ac 4:5. ἐ. τὴν ὥραν τ. προσευχῆς at the hour of prayer 3:1 (Polyaenus 8, 17 ἐ. ὥραν ὡρισμένην).β. answering the qu. ‘how long?’ for, over a period of (Hom. et al.; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 170, 8=BGU 1058, 9 [13 B.C.]; POxy 275, 9; 15 ἐ. τὸν ὅλον χρόνον; PTebt 381, 19 ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν χρόνον περίεστιν ἡ μήτηρ; LXX; En 106:15; TestJob 30:2 ἐ. ὥρας τρεῖς; TestJud 3:4; TestGad 5:11; Jos., Ant. 11, 2; Just., D. 142, 1 ἐ. ποσόν ‘for awhile’) ἐ. ἔτη τρία for three years (Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 2, 1 Jac.) Lk 4:25. ἐ. τρεῖς ἡμέρας for three days (Diod S 13, 19, 2; Arrian, Anab. 4, 9, 4; GDI 4706, 119 [Thera] ἐπʼ ἀμέρας τρεῖς) GPt 8:30 al. ἐ. ἡμέρας πλείους over a period of many days (Jos., Ant. 4, 277) Ac 13:31.—16:18 (ἐ. πολλὰς ἡμέρας as Appian, Liby. 29 §124; cp. Diod S 3, 16, 4); 17:2; 19:8, 10, 34; 27:20; Hb 11:30. ἐ. χρόνον for a while (cp. Il. 2, 299; Hdt. 9, 22, 1; Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1257; Jos., Vi. 2) Lk 18:4. ἐ. πλείονα χρόνον (Diod S 3, 16, 6; Hero Alex. I p. 344, 17) Ac 18:20. ἐφʼ ὅσον χρόνον as long as Ro 7:1; 1 Cor 7:39; Gal 4:1. Also ἐφʼ ὅσον as long as Mt 9:15; 2 Pt 1:13 (for other mngs. of ἐφʼ ὅσον s. above under 13). ἐφʼ ἱκανόν (sc. χρόνον) for a considerable time (EpArist 109) Ac 20:11. ἐ. χρόνον ἱκανόν Qua. ἐ. πολύ for a long time, throughout a long period of time (Thu. 1, 7; 1, 18, 1; 2, 16, 1 al.; Appian, Liby. 5 §21; Arrian, Cyneg. 23, 1; Lucian, Toxar. 20; Wsd 18:20; Sir 49:13; JosAs 19:3; Jos., Vi. 66: Just., A I, 65, 3) Ac 28:6. ἐ. πλεῖον the same (schol. on Pind., N. 7, 56b; PLille 3, 16 [III B.C.]; Jdth 13:1; Sir prol. l. 7; Jos., Ant. 18, 150) Ac 20:9; any longer (Lucian, D. Deor. 5, 3; Appian, Hann. 54 §227; 3 Macc 5:8; Wsd 8:12; Ath. 12, 3) Ac 24:4; 1 Cl 55:1.
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