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(recession+etc)

  • 21 pull out

    1. transitive verb
    1) (extract) herausziehen; [heraus]ziehen [Zahn]
    2) (take out of pocket etc.) aus der Tasche ziehen; herausziehen [Messer, Pistole]; [heraus]ziehen, (scherzh.) zücken [Brieftasche]
    3) (withdraw) abziehen [Truppen]; herausnehmen [Spieler, Mannschaft]
    2. intransitive verb
    1) (depart) [Zug:] abfahren

    pull out of the stationaus dem Bahnhof ausfahren

    2) (away from roadside) ausscheren
    3) (withdraw) [Truppen:] abziehen (of aus); (from deal, project, competition, etc.) aussteigen (ugs.) (of aus)
    * * *
    I. vi
    1. (move out) vehicle ausscheren
    to \pull out out from behind sth hinter etw dat ausscheren
    to \pull out out of a road von einer Straße abfahren
    to \pull out out onto a road in eine Straße einfahren
    2. (leave) ausfahren
    the train was just \pull outing out of the station der Zug fuhr gerade aus dem Bahnhof
    3. (withdraw) aussteigen fam, einen Rückzieher machen
    to \pull out out of sth sich akk aus etw dat zurückziehen, aus etw dat aussteigen fam
    she knew she had to \pull out out of the relationship ihr war klar, dass sie die Beziehung beenden musste
    4. MIL abziehen
    II. vt
    1. MIL
    to \pull out out troops Truppen abziehen
    2. (get out)
    to \pull out sth out of sth etw aus etw dat [heraus]ziehen [o herausholen
    3. (take out)
    to \pull out out ⇆ sth etw herausziehen
    he \pull outed a box out from under the table er zog eine Kiste unter dem Tisch hervor
    to \pull out out a hair ein Haar ausreißen
    to \pull out out ⇆ money Geld abheben
    * * *
    1. vt sep
    1) (= extract) (of aus) herausziehen; tooth ziehen; page heraustrennen

    to be pulling one's hair out (fig)sich (dat) die Haare ausreißen

    to pull the rug out from under sb (fig)jdm den Boden unter den Füßen wegziehen

    2) (= elongate) table, dough ausziehen
    3) (= withdraw) zurückziehen; troops abziehen
    2. vi
    1) (= come out, become detached) sich herausziehen lassen; (pages) sich heraustrennen lassen
    2) (= elongate) sich ausziehen lassen
    3) (= withdraw) aussteigen (of aus) (inf); (troops) abziehen
    4) (= leave train etc) herausfahren (of aus)
    5) (= move on) herausfahren

    the car/driver pulled out from behind the lorry —

    * * *
    A v/t
    1. a) herausziehen, eine Buchseite etc auch heraustrennen: academic.ru/12346/chestnut">chestnut A 1, fire A 1, pull B 4, B 5, stop C 9 f
    b) einen Tisch etc ausziehen;
    2. FLUG ein Flugzeug hochziehen, (aus dem Sturzflug) abfangen
    3. dehnen
    4. fig in die Länge ziehen
    5. MIL Truppen abziehen
    B v/i
    1. abfahren (Zug etc):
    pull out of the station den Bahnhof verlassen
    2. ausscheren (Fahrzeug)
    3. MIL abziehen
    4. fig sich zurückziehen, auch SPORT aussteigen ( beide:
    of aus)
    * * *
    1. transitive verb
    1) (extract) herausziehen; [heraus]ziehen [Zahn]
    2) (take out of pocket etc.) aus der Tasche ziehen; herausziehen [Messer, Pistole]; [heraus]ziehen, (scherzh.) zücken [Brieftasche]
    3) (withdraw) abziehen [Truppen]; herausnehmen [Spieler, Mannschaft]
    2. intransitive verb
    1) (depart) [Zug:] abfahren
    2) (away from roadside) ausscheren
    3) (withdraw) [Truppen:] abziehen (of aus); (from deal, project, competition, etc.) aussteigen (ugs.) (of aus)
    * * *
    (of) v.
    herausziehen (aus) v. v.
    ausfahren (Leiter, Antenne) v.
    herausreißen v.

    English-german dictionary > pull out

  • 22 slide

    1. intransitive verb,
    1) rutschen; [Kolben, Schublade, Feder:] gleiten

    slide down something — etwas hinunterrutschen

    2) (glide over ice) schlittern
    3) (move smoothly) gleiten
    4) (fig.): (take its own course)

    let something/things slide — etwas/die Dinge schleifen lassen (fig.)

    2. transitive verb,
    2) (place unobtrusively) gleiten lassen
    3. noun
    1) (Photog.) Dia[positiv], das
    2) (chute) (in children's playground) Rutschbahn, die; (for goods etc.) Rutsche, die
    3) see academic.ru/102496/hairslide">hairslide
    4) (fig.): (decline)
    5) (for microscope) Objektträger, der
    * * *
    1. past tense, past participle - slid; verb
    1) (to (cause to) move or pass along smoothly: He slid the drawer open; Children must not slide in the school corridors.) schlittern
    2) (to move quietly or secretly: I slid hurriedly past the window; He slid the book quickly out of sight under his pillow.) gleiten (lassen)
    2. noun
    1) (an act of sliding.) das Schlittern
    2) (a slippery track, or apparatus with a smooth sloping surface, on which people or things can slide: The children were taking turns on the slide in the playground.) die Rutsche
    3) (a small transparent photograph for projecting on to a screen etc: The lecture was illustrated with slides.) das Dia
    4) (a glass plate on which objects are placed to be examined under a microscope.) der Objektträger
    5) ((also hair-slide) a (decorative) hinged fastening for the hair.) die Spange
    - slide-rule
    - sliding door
    * * *
    [slaɪd]
    I. vi
    <slid, slid>
    1. (glide) rutschen; (smoothly) gleiten
    to \slide down the hill/banisters den Hügel/das Geländer herunterrutschen
    to \slide into a room/along an alley person in ein Zimmer/eine Gasse entlang schleichen
    to \slide out of the room sich akk aus dem Zimmer stehlen
    to \slide into chaos in ein Chaos geraten
    to \slide back into one's old habits in seine alten Gewohnheiten zurückfallen
    to \slide into recession in die Rezession abrutschen
    to \slide into war in einen Krieg schlittern
    5. ( fig)
    to let sth/things \slide etw/die Dinge schleifen lassen
    II. vt
    <slid, slid>
    can you \slide your seat forward a little? können Sie mit Ihrem Sitz etwas nach vorne rutschen?
    he slid the drawer in er schob die Schublade zu
    she slid the hatch open sie schob die Luke auf
    III. n
    1. (act of sliding) Rutschen nt
    2. (on ice) Eisbahn f
    3. (at playground) Rutschbahn f, Rutsche f
    earth \slide Erdrutsch m
    mud/rock \slide Schlamm-/Felslawine f
    5. usu sing (decline) Sinken nt; of a currency Wertverlust m
    what we are witnessing is a country's slow \slide into civil war wir beobachten im Moment, wie ein Land allmählich in einen Bürgerkrieg schlittert
    6. (in photography) Dia nt, Diapositiv nt geh
    7. (for microscope) Objektträger m
    8. (moving part) of a trombone Zug m; of a machine Schlitten m
    9. MUS (glissando) Glissando nt
    10. BRIT (hair clip) Haarspange f
    * * *
    [slaɪd] vb: pret, ptp slid [slɪd]
    1. n
    1) (= place for sliding, chute) Rutschbahn f; (in playground, for logs etc) Rutsche f
    2) (fig: fall, drop) Abfall m
    3) (= landslide) Rutsch m, Rutschung f (spec)
    4) (of trombone) Zug m; (= sequence of notes) Schleifer m
    5) (TECH: part) gleitendes Teil, Schlitten m
    6) (esp Brit for hair) Spange f
    7) (PHOT) Dia nt, Diapositiv nt (form); (= microscope slide) Objektträger m

    a lecture with slidesein Diavortrag m, ein Lichtbildervortrag m

    2. vt
    (= push) schieben; (= slip) gleiten lassen

    to slide the drawer ( back) into place — die Schublade (wieder) zurückschieben

    3. vi
    1) (= slip) rutschen
    2) (= move smoothly machine part etc) sich schieben lassen

    it slid into its placees glitt or rutschte an die richtige Stelle

    3) (person) schleichen

    he slid into the roomer kam ins Zimmer geschlichen

    4) (fig)

    to let sth slide — etw schleifen lassen, etw vernachlässigen

    * * *
    slide [slaıd]
    A v/i prät slid [slıd], pperf slid, obs slidden [ˈslıdn]
    1. gleiten (auch Riegel etc), rutschen:
    a) herunter- oder hinunterrutschen, -gleiten,
    b) SPORT (in der Tabelle) abrutschen;
    slide from entgleiten (dat);
    slide out heraus- oder hinausgleiten, -rutschen;
    let things slide fig die Dinge laufen lassen
    2. (aus)gleiten, (-)rutschen
    3. (auf Eis) schlittern
    4. gleiten, schlüpfen:
    5. slide over fig leicht über ein Thema etc hinweggehen
    6. slide into fig in etwas hineinschlittern
    B v/t
    1. gleiten lassen, schieben:
    slide one’s hand into one’s pocket
    2. slide in fig ein Wort einfließen lassen
    3. MUS hinüberziehen
    C s
    1. Rutschen n, Gleiten n
    2. Schlittern n (auf Eis)
    3. a) Schlitterbahn f
    b) Rodelbahn f
    c) ( auch Wasser)Rutschbahn f
    4. Erd-, Fels-, Schneerutsch m
    5. besonders TECH Rutsche f, Gleitfläche f
    6. TECH
    a) Schieber m
    b) Schlitten m (einer Drehbank etc)
    c) Führung f
    d) slideway
    7. Objektträger m (am Mikroskop)
    8. Schieber m (eines Rechenschiebers)
    9. FOTO Dia(positiv) n:
    slide lecture Lichtbildervortrag m;
    slide projector Diaprojektor m;
    slide viewer Diabetrachter m
    10. MIL Visierschieber m
    11. MUS
    a) Schleifer m (Verzierung)
    b) Hinüberziehen n (zwischen Tönen)
    c) Zug m (der Posaune etc)
    12. Br (Haar) Spange f
    * * *
    1. intransitive verb,
    1) rutschen; [Kolben, Schublade, Feder:] gleiten
    2) (glide over ice) schlittern
    3) (move smoothly) gleiten
    4) (fig.): (take its own course)

    let something/things slide — etwas/die Dinge schleifen lassen (fig.)

    2. transitive verb,
    2) (place unobtrusively) gleiten lassen
    3. noun
    1) (Photog.) Dia[positiv], das
    2) (chute) (in children's playground) Rutschbahn, die; (for goods etc.) Rutsche, die
    4) (fig.): (decline)
    5) (for microscope) Objektträger, der
    * * *
    (photography) n.
    Dia -s n. n.
    Rutsch -en m.
    Rutschbahn f.
    Rutsche -n f. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: slid)
    = abgleiten v.
    gleiten v.
    (§ p.,pp.: glitt, ist geglitten)
    rutschen v.
    schieben v.
    (§ p.,pp.: schob, geschoben)

    English-german dictionary > slide

  • 23 stir

    1. transitive verb,
    - rr-
    1) (mix) rühren; umrühren [Tee, Kaffee]

    stir something into somethingetwas in etwas (Akk.) [ein]rühren

    2) (move) bewegen
    3) (fig.): (arouse) bewegen; wecken [Neugier, Interesse, Gefühle, Fantasie]
    2. intransitive verb,
    - rr- (move) sich rühren; (in sleep, breeze) sich bewegen
    3. noun, no pl.
    Aufregung, die; (bustle, activity) Betriebsamkeit, die

    cause or create a [big or great] stir — [großes] Aufsehen erregen

    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/111980/stir_in">stir in
    * * *
    [stə:] 1. past tense, past participle - stirred; verb
    1) (to cause (a liquid etc) to be mixed especially by the constant circular movement of a spoon etc, in order to mix it: He put sugar and milk into his tea and stirred it; She stirred the sugar into the mixture.) rühren
    2) (to move, either slightly or vigorously: The breeze stirred her hair; He stirred in his sleep; Come on - stir yourselves!) (sich) bewegen
    3) (to arouse or touch (a person or his feelings): He was stirred by her story.) aufwühlen
    2. noun
    (a fuss or disturbance: The news caused a stir.) die Aufregung
    - stirring
    - stir-fry
    - stir up
    * * *
    [stɜ:ʳ, AM stɜ:r]
    1. (with spoon) [Um]rühren nt
    to give sth a \stir etw umrühren
    2. (physical movement) Bewegung f; (of emotion) Erregung f
    a \stir of anger ein Anflug m von Wut
    to cause a \stir of interest Interesse wecken
    3. (excitement) Aufruhr f
    to cause [or create] a \stir Aufsehen erregen
    4. ( fam) Knast m fam
    to be in \stir sitzen fam
    II. vt
    <- rr->
    to \stir sth etw rühren
    to \stir sth into sth etw in etw akk [hin]einrühren
    \stir the eggs into the batter one at a time rühren Sie die Eier einzeln unter den Teig
    to \stir the batter/the dough den [Ausback]teig/den Teig rühren
    to \stir the coffee/the soup/the tea den Kaffee/die Suppe/den Tee umrühren
    to \stir a fire ein Feuer [an]schüren
    he \stirred the coals with a poker er stocherte mit einem Schürhaken in den Kohlen
    2. (physically move)
    to \stir sth etw rühren [o bewegen]
    she wouldn't \stir a finger to help anyone sie würde keinen Finger rühren, um jemandem zu helfen
    to \stir oneself sich akk bewegen
    come on, \stir yourselves, or you'll be late kommt, macht voran, sonst kommt ihr noch zu spät fam
    to \stir the curtains/the leaves wind, breeze die Vorhänge/die Blätter bewegen
    to \stir one's stumps BRIT ( fam) sich akk in Bewegung setzen fam
    to \stir water Wasser kräuseln
    3. (awaken)
    to \stir sb from a dream/reverie jdn aus einem Traum/Träumereien reißen
    to \stir sb jdn bewegen [o rühren]
    I was deeply \stirred by her moving performance ich war von ihrem ergreifenden Auftritt tief bewegt
    to \stir anger/curiosity Ärger/Neugier erregen
    to \stir the blood das Blut in Wallung versetzen
    to \stir emotions Emotionen aufwühlen
    to \stir sb's heart jds Herz rühren [o bewegen]
    to \stir the imagination die Fantasie anregen
    to \stir memories [alte] Erinnerungen wachrufen [o wecken]
    to \stir pity Mitleid erregen
    5. (inspire)
    to \stir sb into action jdn zum Handeln bewegen
    to \stir trouble AM Unruhe stiften
    to \stir sb to do sth jdn dazu bewegen, etw zu tun
    III. vi
    <- rr->
    1. (mix) rühren
    2. (move) sich akk regen; person also sich akk rühren [o bewegen]; grass, water, curtains sich akk bewegen
    after three years of recession, the property market is beginning to \stir again ( fig) nach drei Jahren Rezession kommt der Immobilienmarkt wieder in Bewegung
    to \stir from [or out of] one's bed/house/room das Bett/Haus/Zimmer verlassen
    3. (awaken) wach werden, aufwachen
    it was so early, not a soul was \stirring es war so früh, dass noch keine Menschenseele wach war
    to \stir within sb ( fig) emotions sich akk in jdm regen
    4. (circulate) rumour, news die Runde machen fam
    5. BRIT, AUS (cause trouble) Unruhe stiften; (spread gossip) Gerüchte in Umlauf bringen
    * * *
    [stɜː(r)]
    1. n
    1) (lit) Rühren nt

    to give sth a stir — etw rühren; tea etc etw umrühren

    2) (fig: excitement) Aufruhr m
    2. vt
    1) tea, paint, soup umrühren; cake mixture rühren

    he sat there thoughtfully stirring his teaer saß da und rührte gedankenverloren in seinem Tee

    to stir the pot (fig)die Sache am Kochen halten

    2) (= move) bewegen; limbs rühren; water, waves kräuseln

    come on, stir yourself, we're late (inf)

    if you want to pass the exam you'd better stir yourselfwenn du die Prüfung bestehen willst, solltest du dich besser ranhalten (inf)

    3) (fig) emotions aufwühlen; passion, controversy, memories wachrufen; imagination anregen; curiosity anstacheln, erregen; blood in Wallung versetzen; (= incite) person anstacheln; (= move) person, heart rühren, bewegen

    to stir sb to do sth — jdn bewegen, etw zu tun

    to stir sb to pityan jds Herz (acc) rühren, jds Mitleid erregen

    3. vi
    1) (= move) sich regen; (person) sich rühren, sich regen; (leaves, curtains, animal etc) sich bewegen; (emotion, anger etc) wach werden; (pity, love) sich rühren, wach werden
    2) (inf through gossip etc) stänkern (inf)

    he's always stirringer muss immer stänkern (inf)

    * * *
    stir1 [stɜː; US stɜr]
    A v/t
    1. (um)rühren:
    stir one’s tea seinen Tee umrühren, in seinem Tee rühren;
    stir in GASTR einrühren;
    a) GASTR gut durch- oder umrühren,
    b) Schlamm aufwühlen
    2. ein Feuer (an)schüren
    3. ein Glied etc rühren, bewegen: finger A 1, stump A 2
    4. (leicht) bewegen:
    5. stir up fig jemanden auf-, wachrütteln
    6. stir up fig
    a) jemanden aufreizen, -hetzen ( beide:
    against gegen),
    b) jemandes Neugier etc erregen,
    c) einen Streit etc entfachen,
    d) Erinnerungen wachrufen;
    stir up sb’s blood jemandes Blut in Wallung bringen
    7. fig bewegen, erregen, aufwühlen
    B v/i
    1. (um)rühren:
    stirring constantly unter ständigem Rühren
    2. sich rühren, sich bewegen, sich regen:
    not stir from the spot sich nicht von der Stelle rühren
    3. sich rühren (lassen):
    4. sich rühren oder regen, rührig oder geschäftig sein:
    he never stirred out er ging nie aus
    5. a) im Umlauf oder Gange sein, laut werden
    b) geschehen, sich ereignen
    6. wach oder rührig werden, erwachen (auch fig):
    he is not stirring yet er ist noch nicht auf(gestanden)
    C s
    1. Rühren n:
    give sth a stir etwas umrühren
    2. Bewegung f:
    not a stir nicht die geringste Bewegung
    3. Aufregung f, Aufruhr m, Tumult m
    4. Betriebsamkeit f, reges Treiben
    5. Aufsehen n, Sensation f:
    make ( oder cause, create) a stir Aufsehen erregen;
    cause quite a stir für einiges Aufsehen sorgen, die Gemüter bewegen oder erregen
    6. fig (An)Stoß m, Aufrütt(e)lung f
    stir2 [stɜː; US stɜr] s sl Kittchen n:
    be in stir Knast schieben
    * * *
    1. transitive verb,
    - rr-
    1) (mix) rühren; umrühren [Tee, Kaffee]
    2) (move) bewegen
    3) (fig.): (arouse) bewegen; wecken [Neugier, Interesse, Gefühle, Fantasie]
    2. intransitive verb,
    - rr- (move) sich rühren; (in sleep, breeze) sich bewegen
    3. noun, no pl.
    Aufregung, die; (bustle, activity) Betriebsamkeit, die

    cause or create a [big or great] stir — [großes] Aufsehen erregen

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    n.
    Aufregung f.
    Bewegung -en f. v.
    reizen v.
    rühren v.
    sich regen v.
    sich rühren v.

    English-german dictionary > stir

  • 24 weather

    1. noun
    Wetter, das

    what's the weather like? — wie ist das Wetter?

    the weather has turned cooleres ist kühler geworden

    he goes out in all weatherser geht bei jedem Wetter hinaus

    he is feeling under the weather(fig.) er ist [zur Zeit] nicht ganz auf dem Posten

    make heavy weather of something(fig.) sich mit etwas schwer tun

    2. attributive adjective 3. transitive verb
    1) (expose to open air) auswittern [Kalk, Holz]
    2)

    be weathered[Gesicht:] wettergegerbt sein

    3) (wear away) verwittern lassen [Gestein]
    4) (come safely through) abwettern [Sturm]; (fig.) durchstehen [schwere Zeit]
    4. intransitive verb
    1) (be discoloured) [Holz, Farbe:] verblassen; (wear away)

    weather [away] — [Gestein:] verwittern

    2) (survive exposure) wetterfest sein
    * * *
    ['weƟə] 1. noun
    (conditions in the atmosphere, especially as regards heat or cold, wind, rain, snow etc: The weather is too hot for me; stormy weather; ( also adjective) a weather chart/report, the weather forecast.) das Wetter, Wetter-...
    2. verb
    1) (to affect or be affected by exposure to the air, resulting in drying, change of colour, shape etc: The wind and sea have weathered the rocks quite smooth.) verwittern (lassen)
    2) (to survive safely: The ship weathered the storm although she was badly damaged.) überstehen
    - academic.ru/119330/weatherbeaten">weatherbeaten
    - weathercock
    - weathervane
    - weatherperson
    - make heavy weather of
    - under the weather
    * * *
    weath·er
    [ˈweðəʳ, AM -ɚ]
    I. n no pl (air conditions) Wetter nt; (climate) Witterung f; (state of the weather) Wetterlage f
    this front will bring warm \weather to most of the British Isles diese Front wird dem größten Teil der Britischen Inseln warme Witterung bringen
    \weather permitting vorausgesetzt, das Wetter spielt mit, wenn es das Wetter erlaubt
    in all \weathers bei jedem Wetter
    to make heavy \weather of sth (make sth well known) viel Wind um etw akk machen fam; (have problems with sth) sich dat mit etw dat schwertun
    to be under the \weather angeschlagen sein fam
    II. vi object verwittern; person altern
    he's \weathered well er hat sich gut gehalten
    III. vt
    1. usu passive (change through)
    to \weather sth wood etw auswittern; skin etw gerben; rock etw verwittern lassen
    \weathered face vom Wetter gegerbtes Gesicht
    to \weather sth etw überstehen
    to \weather the storm ship dem Sturm trotzen [o standhalten]
    as a small new company they did well to \weather the recession als kleines neues Unternehmen sind sie gut durch die Rezession gekommen
    * * *
    ['weðə(r)]
    1. n
    Wetter nt; (in weather reports) Wetterlage f; (= climate) Witterung f

    in cold/wet/this weather — bei kaltem/nassem/diesem Wetter

    in all weathers — bei jedem Wetter, bei jeder Witterung (geh)

    2. vt
    1) (storms, winds etc) angreifen; skin gerben
    2) (= expose to weather) wood ablagern
    3) (= survive also weather out) crisis, awkward situation überstehen

    to weather (out) the storm (lit, fig)den Sturm überstehen

    3. vi
    (rock etc) verwittern; (paint etc) verblassen; (= resist exposure to weather) wetterfest sein; (= become seasoned wood) ablagern
    * * *
    weather [ˈweðə(r)]
    A s
    1. Wetter n ( RADIO, TV etc, auch Wettervorhersage), Witterung f:
    in fine (bad) weather bei schönem (schlechtem) Wetter;
    a) bei jedem Wetter,
    b) fig in allen Lebenslagen;
    make heavy weather SCHIFF stampfen (Schiff);
    make heavy weather of sth fig sich mit etwas schwertun;
    a) (gesundheitlich) nicht (ganz) auf dem Posten,
    b) angesäuselt,
    c) verkatert; permit1 B 1
    2. Unwetter n oder pl
    B v/t
    1. dem Wetter oder der Witterung aussetzen
    2. GEOL auswittern
    3. a) SCHIFF einen Sturm abwettern
    b) fig eine Gefahr, Krise etc überstehen
    4. SCHIFF luvwärts umschiffen
    C v/i
    1. verblassen (Farbe, Holz)
    2. GEOL aus-, verwittern
    3. weather well wetterfest sein
    4. weather through B 3 b:
    she has weathered through beautifully sie hat alles prima überstanden
    * * *
    1. noun
    Wetter, das

    he is feeling under the weather(fig.) er ist [zur Zeit] nicht ganz auf dem Posten

    make heavy weather of something(fig.) sich mit etwas schwer tun

    2. attributive adjective 3. transitive verb
    1) (expose to open air) auswittern [Kalk, Holz]
    2)

    be weathered[Gesicht:] wettergegerbt sein

    3) (wear away) verwittern lassen [Gestein]
    4) (come safely through) abwettern [Sturm]; (fig.) durchstehen [schwere Zeit]
    4. intransitive verb
    1) (be discoloured) [Holz, Farbe:] verblassen; (wear away)

    weather [away] — [Gestein:] verwittern

    2) (survive exposure) wetterfest sein
    * * *
    v.
    auswittern v.
    dem Wetter aussetzen ausdr.
    verwittern v.
    verwittern lassen ausdr. n.
    Wetter n.
    Witterung f.

    English-german dictionary > weather

  • 25 salido

    Del verbo salir: ( conjugate salir) \ \
    salido es: \ \
    el participio
    Multiple Entries: salido     salir
    salido
    ◊ -da adjetivo ‹ojos/dientes protruding;
    frente/mentón prominent
    salir ( conjugate salir) verbo intransitivo 1 ( partir) to leave;
    ¿a qué hora sale el tren? what time does the train leave?;
    el jefe había salido de viaje the boss was away; salió corriendo (fam) she was off like a shot (colloq); salido de algo to leave from sth; ¿de qué andén sale el tren? what platform does the train leave from?; salgo de casa a las siete I leave home at seven; salido para algo to leave for sth 2 ( al exterioracercándose al hablante) to come out; (— alejándose del hablante) to go out; no puedo salido, me he quedado encerrado I can't get out, I'm trapped in here; salido de algo to come out/get out of sth; ¡sal de ahí/de aquí! come out of there/get out of here!; ¿de dónde salió este dinero? where did this money come from?; nunca ha salido de España he's never been out of Spain; salido por la ventana/por la puerta to get out through the window/leave by the door; salieron al balcón/al jardín they went out onto the balcony/into the garden; ¿por aquí se sale a la carretera? can I get on to the road this way?; salió a hacer las compras she's gone out (to do the) shopping 3 ( habiendo terminado algo) to leave;
    ¿a qué hora sales de clase? what time do you get out of class o finish your class?;
    ¿cuándo sale del hospital? when is he coming out of (the) hospital? 4 salido con algn to go out with sb 5 [clavo/tapón/mancha] to come out; [ anillo] to come off 1 (aparecer, manifestarse)
    a) [cana/sarpullido] to appear;
    (+ me/te/le etc) le están saliendo los dientes she's teething; me salió una ampolla I've got a blister; le salió un sarpullido he came out in a rash; me salieron granos I broke out o (BrE) came out in spots; me sale sangre de la nariz my nose is bleeding; a la planta le están saliendo hojas nuevas the plant's putting out new leaves ( de detrás de una nube) to come out
    c) ( surgir) [tema/idea] to come up
    2
    a) [revista/novela] to come out;
    [ disco] to come out, be released;
    b) (en televisión, en el periódico) to appear
    (+ compl) 1 ( expresando logro) (+ me/te/le etc): ahora mismo no me sale su nombre (fam) I can't think of her name right now; no le salían las palabras he couldn't get his words out 2
    sale más barato/caro it works out less/more expensive
    b) ( resultar):
    todo salió bien everything turned out o worked out well;
    salió tal como lo planeamos it turned out just as we planned; no salió ninguna de las fotos none of the photographs came out; ¿qué número salió premiado? what was the winning number?; salido bien/mal en un examen (Chi fam) to pass/fail an exam; (+ me/te/le etc) 3 (de situación, estado) salido de algo ‹ de apuro to get out of sth; ‹ de depresión to get over sth; salido adelante [ negocio] to stay afloat, survive; [ propuesta] to prosper;
    lograron salido adelante they managed to get through it
    4 ( con preposición)
    a)
    b)
    salirse verbo pronominal 1
    a) (de borde, límite) [ agua] to overflow;
    [ leche] to boil over; salidose de algo ‹ de carreterato come/go off sth; ‹ de tema to get off sth; procura no salidote del presupuesto try to keep within the budget
    b) (por orificio, grieta) [agua/tinta] to leak (out), come out;
    [ gas] to escape, come out 2 ( soltarse) [pedazo/pieza] to come off; (+ me/te/le etc) 3 ( irse) to leave; salidose de algo ‹ de asociación to leave sth;
    salidose con la suya to get one's (own) way

    salido,-a adjetivo
    1 (saliente, prominente) projecting (frente, pómulos, etc) prominent (ojos) bulging familiar sticky-out
    2 fam pey (cachondo) horny, randy
    salir verbo intransitivo
    1 (de un lugar) to go out: nunca ha salido de su país, he's never been out of his country
    el ladrón salió por la ventana, the burglar got out through the window (si el hablante está fuera) to come out: ¡sal de la habitación, por favor! please, come out of the room!
    2 Inform to exit (de un sistema) to log off
    3 (partir) to leave: salí de casa a mediodía, I left home at noon
    nuestro avión sale a las seis, our plane departs at six
    4 (para divertirse) to go out: siempre sale los viernes, she always goes out on Friday
    5 (tener una relación) to go out: está saliendo con Ana, he's going out with Ana
    6 Dep to start (en juegos) to lead
    7 (manifestarse, emerger) le ha salido un grano en la cara, he has got a spot on his face
    me salió sangre de la nariz, my nose was bleeding (un astro) to rise: la Luna sale al atardecer, the moon comes out in the evening (retoñar, germinar) to sprout
    8 (surgir) la idea salió de ti, it was your idea
    9 (aparecer) mi hermana salía en (la) televisión, my sister appeared on television (un libro, un disco, etc) to come out
    10 salir a (parecerse) ha salido a su hermano, he takes after his brother (costar) el almuerzo sale a 800 pesetas cada uno, lunch works out at 800 pesetas a head
    11 (resultar) su hija le ha salido muy estudiosa, her daughter has turned out to be very studious
    salió premiado el número 5.566, the winning number was 5,566 (una operación matemática) a él le da 20, pero a mí me sale 25, he gets 20, but I make it 25
    12 (costar) nos sale barato, it works out cheap
    13 (superar una situación, una gran dificultad) to come through, get over: estuvo muy enfermo, pero salió de esa, he was very ill, but he pulled through
    14 (ser elegido por votación) salió alcalde, he was elected mayor Locuciones: salir con, (manifestación inesperada) no me salgas ahora con estupideces, stop talking nonsense ' salido' also found in these entries: Spanish: beneficiada - beneficiado - cascarón - contingente - escopetada - escopetado - mancha - movida - movido - respondón - respondona - sabrosa - sabroso - salir - salida - salirse - alegrar - calle - deber - parado - señor English: bump - out of - recession - spring - up - abroad - far - inkling - protrude

    English-spanish dictionary > salido

  • 26 period

    1. noun
    1) (distinct portion of history or life) Periode, die; Zeit, die

    the Classical / Romantic / Renaissance period — die Klassik/Romantik/Renaissance

    of the period(of the time under discussion) der damaligen Zeit

    2) (any portion of time) Zeitraum, der; Zeitspanne, die

    over a period [of time] — über einen längeren Zeitraum

    showers and bright periods(Meteorol.) Schauer und Aufheiterungen

    3) (Sch.) Stunde, die
    4) (occurrence of menstruation) Periode, die; Regel[blutung], die

    have her/a period — ihre Periode od. Regel od. (ugs. verhüll.) Tage haben

    5) (punctuation mark) Punkt, der
    6) (appended to statement)

    we can't pay higher wages, period — wir können keine höheren Löhne zahlen, da ist nichts zu machen

    7) (Geol.) Periode, die
    2. adjective
    zeitgenössisch [Tracht, Kostüm]; Zeit[roman, -stück]; antik [Möbel]
    * * *
    ['piəriəd] 1. noun
    1) (any length of time: a period of three days; a period of waiting.) die Zeitspanne
    2) (a stage in the Earth's development, an artist's development, in history etc: the Pleistocene period; the modern period.) das Zeitalter
    3) (the punctuation mark (.), put at the end of a sentence; a full stop.)), put at the end of a sentence; a full stop.der Punkt
    2. adjective
    (of furniture, costumes etc) of or from the same or appropriate time in history; antique or very old: period costumes; His house is full of period furniture (=antique furniture). zeitgeschichtlich, Stil...
    - academic.ru/54621/periodic">periodic
    - periodically
    - periodical
    3. adjective
    (see periodic.)
    * * *
    pe·ri·od
    [ˈpɪəriəd, AM ˈpɪr-]
    I. n
    1. (length of time) Zeitspanne f, Zeitraum m, Periode f
    he was unemployed for a long \period [of time] er war lange [Zeit] arbeitslos
    \period of gestation Schwangerschaftsdauer f
    \period of grace Nachfrist f
    for a \period of three months für die Dauer von drei Monaten
    \periods of sun sonnige Abschnitte
    trial \period Probezeit f
    during [or in] [or over] a \period of ten years in einem [o über einen] Zeitraum von zehn Jahren
    within the agreed \period innerhalb der festgelegten Frist
    a fixed \period eine festgelegte Frist
    2. (lesson) Stunde f
    what have you got [in] third \period? was hast du in der dritten Stunde?
    3. (time in life, history, development) Zeit f; (distinct time) Zeitabschnitt m, Periode f geh; (phase) Phase f
    incubation \period Inkubationszeit f
    \period of office Amtszeit f
    colonial \period Kolonialzeit f
    Dali's surrealistic \period Dalis surrealistische Periode
    the Victorian \period das viktorianische Zeitalter
    of the \period der damaligen Zeit
    4. GEOL Periode f geh
    Precambrian \period Präkambrium nt fachspr
    5. ( fam: menstruation) Periode f
    she missed her \period ihre Periode ist ausgeblieben
    to get/have one's \period seine Periode bekommen/haben
    6. AM LING ( also fig: full stop) Punkt m a. fig
    you are not getting into the team, \period! du kommst nicht in die Mannschaft, Punkt, aus!
    II. n modifier
    1. (of an earlier period) chair, clothing, vase historisch; (set in an earlier period) drama, novel historisch
    2. (concerning menstruation) cramps, days Menstruations-
    \period pain Menstruationsschmerzen pl
    * * *
    ['pIərɪəd]
    n
    1) (= length of time) Zeit f; (= age, epoch) Zeitalter nt, Epoche f; (GEOL) Periode f

    for a period of eight weeks/two hours — für eine (Zeit)dauer or einen Zeitraum von acht Wochen/zwei Stunden

    at that period (of my life) — zu diesem Zeitpunkt (in meinem Leben)

    2) (SCH) (Schul)stunde f
    3) (form of sentence) Periode f; (esp US = full stop) Punkt m

    I'm not going period! (esp US) — ich gehe nicht, Schluss or und damit basta (inf)!

    4) (= menstruation) Periode f, Monatsblutung f, Tage pl (inf)
    5) (CHEM) Periode f
    * * *
    period [ˈpıərıəd]
    A s
    1. Periode f, Zyklus m, regelmäßige Wiederkehr
    2. Periode f, Zeit(dauer) f, -raum m, -spanne f, Frist f:
    period of appeal Berufungsfrist;
    period of exposure FOTO Belichtungszeit;
    period of incubation MED Inkubationszeit;
    period of office Amtsdauer f;
    period of pressure SPORT Drangperiode;
    period of recession WIRTSCH Rezessionsphase f;
    period of validity Gültigkeitsdauer f;
    the Reformation period die Reformationszeit;
    for a period für einige Zeit;
    for a period of für die Dauer von; observation A 1, probation 3, remand B 1 b
    3. a) Zeit(alter) f(n): glacial 2, etc
    b) (das) gegenwärtige Zeitalter, (die) Gegenwart:
    the fashion of the period die augenblickliche Mode;
    a girl of the period ein modernes Mädchen
    4. ASTRON Umlaufzeit f
    5. SCHULE (Unterrichts)Stunde f
    6. SPORT Spielabschnitt m, z. B. Eishockey: Drittel n
    7. ELEK, PHYS Periode f, Schwingdauer f
    8. MATH Periode f (wiederkehrende Gruppe von Ziffern im Dezimalbruch)
    9. MUS ( besonders Achttakt)Periode f
    10. PHYSIOL Periode f (der Frau): miss2 A 1
    11. (Sprech)Pause f, Absatz m
    12. LING
    a) besonders US Punkt m
    b) Gliedersatz m, Satzgefüge n
    c) allg wohlgefügter Satz
    B adj
    a) zeitgeschichtlich, -genössisch, historisch, Zeit…
    b) Stil…:
    a period play ein Zeitstück n;
    period furniture Stilmöbel pl;
    period house Haus n im Zeitstil;
    period dress historisches Kostüm
    per. abk
    2. person Pers.
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (distinct portion of history or life) Periode, die; Zeit, die

    the Classical / Romantic / Renaissance period — die Klassik/Romantik/Renaissance

    2) (any portion of time) Zeitraum, der; Zeitspanne, die

    over a period [of time] — über einen längeren Zeitraum

    showers and bright periods(Meteorol.) Schauer und Aufheiterungen

    3) (Sch.) Stunde, die
    4) (occurrence of menstruation) Periode, die; Regel[blutung], die

    have her/a period — ihre Periode od. Regel od. (ugs. verhüll.) Tage haben

    5) (punctuation mark) Punkt, der

    we can't pay higher wages, period — wir können keine höheren Löhne zahlen, da ist nichts zu machen

    7) (Geol.) Periode, die
    2. adjective
    zeitgenössisch [Tracht, Kostüm]; Zeit[roman, -stück]; antik [Möbel]
    * * *
    Punkt -e (Satzzeichen) m. (of time) n.
    Zeitabschnitt m. (school) n.
    Unterrichtsstunde f. n.
    Frist -en f.
    Periode -n (Mathematik) f.
    Periode -n f.
    Schwingungszeit f.
    Zeitraum -¨e m.

    English-german dictionary > period

  • 27 depth

    noun
    1) (lit. or fig.) Tiefe, die

    at a depth of 3 metresin einer Tiefe von 3 Metern

    from/in the depths of the forest/ocean — aus/in der Tiefe des Waldes/des Ozeans

    in the depths of winterim tiefen Winter

    2)

    in depth — gründlich, intensiv [studieren]

    an in-depth study/analysis — etc. eine gründliche Untersuchung/Analyse usw.

    3)

    be out of one's depthnicht mehr stehen können; keinen Grund mehr unter den Füßen haben; (fig.) ins Schwimmen kommen (ugs.)

    get out of one's depth(lit. or fig.) den Grund unter den Füßen verlieren

    * * *
    [depƟ]
    1) (the distance from the top downwards or from the surface inwards especially if great: Coal is mined at a depth of 1,000 m.) die Tiefe
    2) (intensity or strength especially if great: The depth of colour was astonishing; The depth of his feeling prevented him from speaking.) die Stärke
    - academic.ru/115852/depths">depths
    - in-depth
    - in depth
    * * *
    [depθ]
    n
    1. (distance downward) Tiefe f
    what is the \depth of this part of the sea? wie tief ist das Meer hier?
    2. no pl (distance from front to back) Tiefe f
    \depth of the shelf Regaltiefe f
    3. no pl (profundity) Tiefe f
    he spoke with great \depth of feeling er erzählte tief gerührt; (seriousness, profoundness) Tiefgründigkeit f, Tiefe f
    \depth of experience Erfahrungsreichtum m
    4. (middle part)
    \depths pl Tiefe f; (intense period) Tiefpunkt m
    the house is in the \depths of the forest das Haus liegt mitten im Wald
    in the \depth of winter mitten im tiefsten Winter
    to be in the \depths of despair zutiefst verzweifelt sein
    the \depths pl die Tiefen pl
    the \depths of the ocean die Tiefen des Ozeans
    \depths pl Tiefe f, Tiefgründigkeit f kein pl; (serious qualities) Talente pl
    he has hidden \depths er hat verborgene Talente
    7. no pl (in detail)
    in \depth gründlich, genau
    8. no pl (lowness of pitch) Tiefe f
    9. no pl (intensity of colour) Tiefe f, Intensität f
    10.
    to get [or go] out of one's \depth den Boden unter den Füßen verlieren
    to be out of [or beyond] one's \depth für jdn zu hoch sein fam
    to sink to a \depth [or \depths] tief sinken
    * * *
    [depɵ]
    n
    1) Tiefe f

    at a depth of 3 feetin einer Tiefe von 3 Fuß, in 3 Fuß Tiefe

    to be out of one's depth (lit) — den Boden unter den Füßen verlieren; (fig also) ins Schwimmen geraten

    2) (of knowledge, feeling, colour) Tiefe f

    he had no idea of the depth of feeling against him — er hatte keine Ahnung, wie abgrundtief die Abneigung gegen ihn war

    they now understood the depth of feeling on this issue — sie wussten jetzt, wie sehr dieses Thema die Gemüter bewegte

    he has depth of character —

    in depth — eingehend, intensiv; interview ausführlich

    See:
    3) (fig)

    in the depths of winter/the forest — im tiefsten Winter/Wald

    in the depths of recession —

    from the depths of the earthaus den Tiefen der Erde (geh)

    to sink to new depthsso tief wie nie zuvor sinken

    * * *
    depth [depθ] s
    1. Tiefe f:
    at a depth of in einer Tiefe von;
    eight feet in depth 8 Fuß tief;
    what is the depth of …? wie tief ist …?;
    it is beyond ( oder out of) his depth fig das geht über seinen Horizont;
    get out of one’s a. fig den Boden unter den Füßen verlieren;
    be out of one’s depth
    a) nicht mehr stehen können,
    b) auch feel out of one’s depth fig ratlos oder unsicher sein, schwimmen umg;
    swim out of one’s depth so weit hinausschwimmen, bis man nicht mehr stehen kann
    2. Tiefe f (als dritte Dimension):
    depth of column MIL Marschtiefe
    3. PHYS
    a) auch depth of field ( oder focus) Schärfentiefe f
    b) besonders FOTO Tiefenschärfe f
    4. meist pl Tiefe f, Mitte f, (das) Innerste (auch fig):
    in the depths of the slums mitten in den Slums;
    in the depth of night in tiefer Nacht, mitten in der Nacht;
    in the depth of winter im tiefsten Winter
    5. meist pl Tiefe f, Abgrund m (auch fig):
    from the depths of misery aus tiefstem Elend
    6. fig
    a) Tiefe f (der Bedeutung etc)
    b) tiefer Sinn, tiefe Bedeutung
    c) Tiefe f, Intensität f:
    in depth bis in alle Einzelheiten, eingehend, ausführlich;
    with great depth of feeling sehr gefühlvoll
    d) Tiefe f, Ausmaß n (der Schuld etc)
    e) (Gedanken)Tiefe f, Tiefgründigkeit f, -gang m
    f) Scharfsinn m
    g) Dunkelheit f, Unklarheit f, Unergründlichkeit f
    7. Tiefe f (eines Tones etc)
    8. Stärke f, Tiefe f (von Farben)
    9. Bergbau: Teufe f
    10. PSYCH Unterbewusstsein n:
    depth analysis tiefenpsychologische Analyse;
    depth interview Tiefeninterview n;
    depth psychology Tiefenpsychologie f
    * * *
    noun
    1) (lit. or fig.) Tiefe, die

    from/in the depths of the forest/ocean — aus/in der Tiefe des Waldes/des Ozeans

    2)

    in depth — gründlich, intensiv [studieren]

    an in-depth study/analysis — etc. eine gründliche Untersuchung/Analyse usw.

    3)

    be out of one's depth — nicht mehr stehen können; keinen Grund mehr unter den Füßen haben; (fig.) ins Schwimmen kommen (ugs.)

    get out of one's depth(lit. or fig.) den Grund unter den Füßen verlieren

    * * *
    n.
    Tiefe -n f.

    English-german dictionary > depth

  • 28 feature

    1. noun
    1) usu. in pl. (part of face) Gesichtszug, der
    2) (distinctive characteristic) [charakteristisches] Merkmal

    make a feature of something — etwas [sehr] betonen od. herausstellen

    3) (Journ. etc.) Reportage, die; Feature, das
    4) (Cinemat.)

    feature [film] — Hauptfilm, der; Spielfilm der

    5) (Radio, Telev.)

    feature [programme] — Feature, das

    2. transitive verb
    (make attraction of) vorrangig vorstellen; (give special prominence to) (in film) in der Hauptrolle zeigen; (in show) als Stargast präsentieren
    3. intransitive verb
    1) (be feature) vorkommen
    2) (be [important] participant)

    feature in something — eine [bedeutende] Rolle bei etwas spielen

    * * *
    ['fi: ə] 1. noun
    1) (a mark by which anything is known; a quality: The use of bright colours is one of the features of her painting.) das Merkmal
    2) (one of the parts of one's face (eyes, nose etc): She has very regular features.) der Gesichtszug
    3) (a special article in a newspaper: `The Times' is doing a feature on holidays.) der Sonderartikel
    4) (the main film in a cinema programme etc: The feature begins at 7.30; ( also adjective) a feature film.) der Hauptfilm, Haupt-...
    2. verb
    (to give or have a part (especially an important one): That film features the best of the British actresses.) darstellen
    * * *
    fea·ture
    [ˈfi:tʃəʳ, AM -ɚ]
    I. n
    1. (aspect) Merkmal nt, Kennzeichen nt, Charakteristikum nt
    key \feature Hauptmerkmal nt
    the best \feature of sb/sth das Beste an jdm/etw
    distinguishing \feature besonderes Merkmal, Unterscheidungsmerkmal nt
    redeeming \feature ausgleichendes Moment, Lichtblick m
    regular \feature fester Bestandteil
    the worst \feature of sb/sth die negativste Eigenschaft einer Person/einer S. gen
    to make a \feature of sth (in room) etw zu einem Blickfang machen; (event) etw zu einer Attraktion machen
    2. (equipment) Ausrüstung f
    special \feature Besonderheit f; (in a car) Extra nt
    standard \feature serienmäßiges Zubehörteil
    3. usu pl (land) Besonderheit f
    landscape \feature landschaftliche Besonderheit
    \features pl Gesichtszüge pl
    to have regular/strong \features regelmäßige/ausgeprägte Gesichtszüge haben
    5. (report) Sonderbeitrag m (on + gen)
    6. (film) Spielfilm m
    double \feature zwei Spielfilme in einem
    main \feature Hauptfilm m
    II. vt
    to \feature sth etw aufweisen
    the new model \features air-conditioning as standard das neue Modell ist serienmäßig mit einer Klimaanlage ausgestattet
    2. (star)
    to \feature sb jdn in der Hauptrolle zeigen
    3. (exhibit)
    to \feature sth etw groß herausbringen; in an exhibition etw ausstellen [o zeigen
    to \feature sth über etw akk groß berichten
    to \feature a product für ein Produkt besonders werben
    III. vi
    1. (appear)
    to \feature somewhere irgendwo erscheinen [o vorkommen]
    a good salary \features high on the list of things she wants from a job ein gutes Gehalt steht ganz oben auf der Liste der Dinge, die sie von einer Stelle erwartet
    to \feature in sth in one's plans in etw dat vorkommen
    2. (act)
    to \feature in a film in einem Film [mit]spielen
    * * *
    ['fiːtʃə(r)]
    1. n
    1) (facial) (Gesichts)zug m

    to have strong/delicate features — markante/feine Gesichtszüge haben

    2) (= characteristic) Merkmal nt, Kennzeichen nt, Charakteristikum nt; (of sb's character) Grundzug m

    a feature of his style is... — sein Stil ist durch... gekennzeichnet

    a feature of this book is... — das Buch zeichnet sich durch... aus

    3) (= focal point of room, building etc) besonderes or herausragendes Merkmal

    to make a feature of sth — etw besonders betonen, etw zur Geltung bringen

    the old volcano, the dominant feature of the island,... — der die Insel dominierende alte Vulkan...

    4) (PRESS) (Sonder)beitrag m, Feature nt; (RAD, TV) (Dokumentar)bericht m, Feature nt
    5) (= film) Spielfilm m
    2. vt
    1) (PRESS) story, picture bringen
    2)

    the album features their latest hit singleauf dem Album ist auch ihre neueste Hitsingle

    3. vi
    1) (= occur) vorkommen
    2) (FILM) (mit)spielen
    * * *
    feature [ˈfiːtʃə(r)]
    A s
    1. (Gesichts)Zug m, pl Gesicht(szüge) n(pl), Züge pl, Aussehen n
    2. charakteristischer oder wichtiger (Bestand)Teil, Grundzug m
    3. Merkmal n ( auch JUR einer Erfindung), Charakteristikum n, (Haupt)Eigenschaft f, Hauptpunkt m, Besonderheit f:
    feature of construction TECH Konstruktionsmerkmal;
    distinctive feature Unterscheidungsmerkmal;
    make a feature of sth etwas besonders hervorheben
    4. (Haupt)Attraktion f
    5. Feature n:
    a) auch feature program(me) ( RADIO, TV) Sendung in Form eines aus Reportagen, Kommentaren und Dialogen zusammengesetzten (Dokumentar)Berichtes
    b) auch feature article ( oder story) (Zeitung) zu einem aktuellen Anlass herausgegebener, besonders aufgemachter Text- od Bildbeitrag
    c) auch feature film Haupt-, Spielfilm m
    B v/t
    1. charakterisieren, in den Grundzügen schildern
    2. als (Haupt)Attraktion zeigen oder bringen, groß herausbringen oder -stellen
    3. in der Hauptrolle zeigen:
    a film featuring X ein Film mit X in der Hauptrolle
    4. kennzeichnen, bezeichnend sein für
    5. (als Besonderheit) haben oder aufweisen, sich auszeichnen durch
    6. US umg sich etwas vorstellen
    7. umg jemandem ähnlich sehen
    C v/i sl bumsen (Geschlechtsverkehr haben) ( with mit)
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) usu. in pl. (part of face) Gesichtszug, der
    2) (distinctive characteristic) [charakteristisches] Merkmal

    make a feature of something — etwas [sehr] betonen od. herausstellen

    3) (Journ. etc.) Reportage, die; Feature, das
    4) (Cinemat.)

    feature [film] — Hauptfilm, der; Spielfilm der

    5) (Radio, Telev.)

    feature [programme] — Feature, das

    2. transitive verb
    (make attraction of) vorrangig vorstellen; (give special prominence to) (in film) in der Hauptrolle zeigen; (in show) als Stargast präsentieren
    3. intransitive verb
    1) (be feature) vorkommen
    2) (be [important] participant)

    feature in something — eine [bedeutende] Rolle bei etwas spielen

    * * *
    (article) n.
    feuilleton (Artikel) n. n.
    Eigenschaft f.
    Einrichtung f.
    Fähigkeit f.
    Gesichtszug m.
    Merkmal -e n. v.
    sich auszeichnen durch ausdr.

    English-german dictionary > feature

  • 29 slump

    1. noun
    Sturz, der (fig.); (in demand, investment, sales, production) starker Rückgang (in Gen.); (economic depression) Depression, die (Wirtsch.); (in morale, support, popularity) Nachlassen, das (in Gen.)
    2. intransitive verb
    1) (Commerc.) stark zurückgehen; [Preise, Kurse:] stürzen (fig.)
    2) (be diminished) [Popularität, Moral, Unterstützung usw.:] nachlassen
    3) (collapse) fallen
    * * *
    1. verb
    1) (to fall or sink suddenly and heavily: He slumped wearily into a chair.) plumpsen
    2) ((of prices, stocks, trade etc) to become less; to lose value suddenly: Business has slumped.) fallen
    2. noun
    1) (a sudden fall in value, trade etc: a slump in prices.) der Sturz
    2) (a time of very bad economic conditions, with serious unemployment etc; a depression: There was a serious slump in the 1930s.) die Wirtschaftskrise
    * * *
    [slʌmp]
    I. n ECON
    1. (decline) [plötzliche] Abnahme; STOCKEX Baisse f, [Kurs]einbruch m
    there has been a \slump in demand for beef die Nachfrage nach Rindfleisch ist drastisch zurückgegangen
    \slump in prices Preissturz m
    \slump in production Produktionseinbruch m
    2. (recession) Rezession f
    economic \slump Wirtschaftskrise f
    to be in a \slump sich akk in einer Krise befinden
    II. vi
    1. (fall dramatically) prices stürzen, fallen; numbers, sales zurückgehen
    the value of property has \slumped Immobilien haben drastisch an Wert verloren
    2. (fall heavily) fallen, zusammensacken
    to \slump into a chair sich akk in einen Stuhl fallen lassen
    * * *
    [slʌmp]
    1. n
    (in sth etw gen) (in numbers, popularity, morale etc) (plötzliche) Abnahme; (in production, sales) Rückgang m; (= state) Tiefstand m; (FIN) Sturz m, Baisse f (spec); (of prices) plötzliches Absinken

    slump in pricesPreissturz m (of bei)

    2. vi
    1) ( FIN, COMM prices) stürzen, fallen; (sales, production) plötzlich zurückgehen; (fig, morale etc) sinken, fallen
    2) (= sink) fallen, sinken

    he was slumped over the wheeler war über dem Steuer zusammengesackt

    he was slumped on the floorer lag in sich (dat) zusammengesunken auf dem Fußboden

    * * *
    slump [slʌmp]
    A v/i
    1. plumpsen ( into in akk):
    slump into a chair sich in einen Sessel plumpsen lassen
    2. meist slump down (in sich) zusammensacken (Person)
    3. WIRTSCH stürzen (Preise)
    4. zurückgehen
    5. GEOL rutschen
    B s
    1. WIRTSCH
    a) auch slump in prices (Preis)Sturz m, Baisse f (an der Börse)
    b) (starker) Konjunkturrückgang
    2. allg (plötzlicher) Rückgang (in gen oder in dat):
    be in a slump rückläufig sein;
    there is a slump in attendance die Teilnehmerzahlen gehen zurück
    3. SPORT Schwächeperiode f
    4. GEOL Rutschung f
    * * *
    1. noun
    Sturz, der (fig.); (in demand, investment, sales, production) starker Rückgang (in Gen.); (economic depression) Depression, die (Wirtsch.); (in morale, support, popularity) Nachlassen, das (in Gen.)
    2. intransitive verb
    1) (Commerc.) stark zurückgehen; [Preise, Kurse:] stürzen (fig.)
    2) (be diminished) [Popularität, Moral, Unterstützung usw.:] nachlassen
    3) (collapse) fallen
    * * *
    (financial) n.
    plötzlicher Rückgang m. n.
    Baisse -s f.
    Börsensturz m.
    Kurseinbruch m.
    Preissturz m.
    Wirtschaftskrise f.
    starker Konjunkturrückgang m. v.
    erweichen v.
    hineinplumpsen v.
    plumpsen v.
    völlig versagen ausdr.

    English-german dictionary > slump

  • 30 under

    1. preposition
    1) (underneath, below) (indicating position) unter (+ Dat.); (indicating motion) unter (+ Akk.)

    from under the table/bed — unter dem Tisch/Bett hervor

    under treatmentin Behandlung

    under repairin Reparatur

    fields under cultivation — bebaute Felder; see also academic.ru/20932/discussion">discussion 2); influence 1.; pain 1. 5)

    3) (in conditions of) bei [Stress, hohen Temperaturen usw.]
    4) (subject to) unter (+ Dat.)

    under the doctor, under doctor's orders — in ärztlicher Behandlung

    5) (in accordance with)

    under the terms of the contract/agreement — nach den Bestimmungen des Vertrags/Abkommens

    6) (with the use of) unter (+ Dat.)
    7) (less than) unter (+ Dat.)

    for under five poundsfür weniger als fünf Pfund; see also age 1. 1)

    2. adverb
    1) (in or to a lower or subordinate position) darunter

    stay under(under water) unter Wasser bleiben; see also go under

    2) (in/into a state of unconsciousness)

    be under/put somebody under — in Narkose liegen/jemanden in Narkose versetzen

    * * *
    1. preposition
    1) (in or to a position lower than, or covered by: Your pencil is under the chair; Strange plants grow under the sea.) unter
    2) (less than, or lower in rank than: Children under five should not cross the street alone; You can do the job in under an hour.) unter,weniger als
    3) (subject to the authority of: As a foreman, he has about fifty workers under him.) unter
    4) (used to express various states: The fort was under attack; The business improved under the new management; The matter is under consideration/discussion.) unter,in
    2. adverb
    (in or to a lower position, rank etc: The swimmer surfaced and went under again; children aged seven and under.) (dar-)unter
    * * *
    un·der
    [ˈʌndəʳ, AM -ɚ]
    I. prep
    1. (below) unter + dat; with verbs of motion unter + akk
    he hid \under the bed er versteckte sich unterm Bett
    she put the thermometer \under my tongue sie steckte mir das Thermometer unter die Zunge
    \under water unter Wasser
    2. (supporting) unter + dat
    it felt good to have the earth \under my feet again es war schön, wieder festen Boden unter meinen Füßen zu haben
    3. (covered by) unter + dat
    he wore a white shirt \under his jacket unter seiner Jacke trug er ein weißes Hemd
    4. (one side to other) unter + dat
    a cold draught blew \under the door ein kalter Zug blies unter der Tür durch
    5. (less than) unter + dat
    all items cost \under a pound alle Artikel kosten weniger als ein Pfund
    \under a minute weniger als eine Minute
    6. (inferior to)
    to be \under sb unter jdm sein [o stehen
    7. (governed by) unter + dat
    the Colonel has hundreds of soldiers \under him dem Oberst unterstehen Hunderte von Soldaten
    they are \under strict orders sie haben strenge Anweisungen
    to be \under sb's influence unter jds Einfluss stehen
    \under the Romans unter römischer Herrschaft
    \under the supervision of sb unter jds Aufsicht
    8. (in condition/state of) unter + dat
    \under anaesthetic unter Betäubung [o Narkose]
    \under arrest/control/quarantine unter Arrest/Kontrolle/Quarantäne
    \under [no] circumstances unter [keinen] Umständen
    \under oath unter Eid
    \under pressure/stress unter Druck/Stress
    \under repair in Reparatur
    \under suspicion unter Verdacht
    9. (in accordance to) gemäß + dat
    \under our agreement gemäß unserer Vereinbarung
    10. (referred to as) unter + dat
    he writes \under a pseudonym er schreibt unter einem Pseudonym
    11. (in the category of) unter + dat
    you'll find that \under Goethe das finden Sie unter Goethe
    12. (during time of)
    \under Pisces/Virgo/Aries im Sternzeichen Fische/Jungfrau/Widder
    13.
    [already] \under way [bereits [o schon]] im Gange
    to get \under way anfangen, beginnen
    II. adv inv
    1. ( also fig: sink)
    to go \under untergehen a. fig
    thousands of companies went \under during the recession tausende Firmen machten während der Rezession Pleite
    2. (below specified age, amount)
    suitable for kids of five and \under geeignet für Kinder von fünf Jahren und darunter
    £30 and \under 30 Pfund und weniger
    3.
    to get out from \under sich akk aufrappeln fam
    III. adj pred, inv
    to be \under unter Narkose stehen
    * * *
    ['ʌndə(r)]
    1. prep
    1) (= beneath place) unter (+dat); (direction) unter (+acc)

    it's under therees ist da drunter (inf)

    under barleymit Gerste bebaut

    2) (= less than) unter (+dat)

    there were under 50 of them — es waren weniger als 50, es waren unter 50

    3) (= subordinate to, under influence of etc) unter (+dat)

    to study under sb —

    which doctor are you under? —

    it's classified under history — es ist unter "Geschichte" eingeordnet

    you'll find the number under "garages" — Sie finden die Nummer unter "Werkstätten"

    under sentence of death —

    4) (= according to) nach (+dat), gemäß (+dat), laut (+dat)
    2. adv
    1) (= beneath) unten; (= unconscious) bewusstlos
    2) (= less) darunter
    * * *
    under [ˈʌndə(r)]
    A präp
    1. allg unter (dat oder akk)
    2. (Lage) unter (dat), unterhalb von (oder gen):
    from under the table unter dem Tisch hervor
    3. (Richtung) unter (akk):
    4. unter (dat), am Fuße von (oder gen):
    5. (zeitlich) unter (dat), während:
    he lived under the Stuarts er lebte zur Zeit der Stuarts;
    under the date of unter dem Datum vom 1. Januar etc
    6. unter der Führung von (oder gen), auch MUS unter der Leitung von (oder gen), unter (dat):
    have sb under one jemanden unter sich haben
    7. unter (dat), unter dem Schutz von (oder gen), unter Zuhilfenahme von (oder gen):
    under arms unter Waffen;
    under darkness im Schutz der Dunkelheit
    8. unter (dat), geringer als, weniger als:
    persons under 40 (years of age) Personen unter 40 (Jahren);
    the under-thirties die Personen unter 30 Jahren;
    in under an hour in weniger als einer Stunde;
    he cannot do it under an hour er braucht mindestens eine Stunde dazu oder dafür;
    it cost him under £20 es kostete ihn weniger als 20 Pfund
    9. fig unter (dat):
    a criminal under sentence of death ein zum Tode verurteilter Verbrecher;
    under supervision unter Aufsicht;
    under alcohol unter Alkohol, alkoholisiert;
    under an assumed name unter einem angenommenen Namen
    10. gemäß, laut, nach:
    a) nach den gesetzlichen Bestimmungen,
    b) im Rahmen des Gesetzes;
    claims under a contract Forderungen aus einem Vertrag
    11. in (dat):
    under treatment in Behandlung
    12. bei:
    13. mit:
    under sb’s signature mit jemandes Unterschrift, (eigenhändig) von jemandem unterschrieben oder unterzeichnet
    B adv
    1. darunter, unter:
    children of five and under fünfjährige und jüngere Kinder. go under, keep under, etc
    2. unten:
    as under wie unten (angeführt);
    a) sich herauswinden,
    b) den Verlust wettmachen
    C adj (oft in Zusammensetzungen)
    1. unter(er, e, es), Unter…:
    the under layers die unteren Schichten oder Lagen;
    the under surface die Unterseite
    2. unter(er, e, es), nieder(er, e, es), untergeordnet, Unter…:
    the under classes die unteren oder niederen Klassen
    3. (nur in Zusammensetzungen) ungenügend, zu gering: underdose A, etc
    * * *
    1. preposition
    1) (underneath, below) (indicating position) unter (+ Dat.); (indicating motion) unter (+ Akk.)

    from under the table/bed — unter dem Tisch/Bett hervor

    fields under cultivation — bebaute Felder; see also discussion 2); influence 1.; pain 1. 5)

    3) (in conditions of) bei [Stress, hohen Temperaturen usw.]
    4) (subject to) unter (+ Dat.)

    under the doctor, under doctor's orders — in ärztlicher Behandlung

    under the terms of the contract/agreement — nach den Bestimmungen des Vertrags/Abkommens

    6) (with the use of) unter (+ Dat.)
    7) (less than) unter (+ Dat.)

    for under five pounds — für weniger als fünf Pfund; see also age 1. 1)

    2. adverb
    1) (in or to a lower or subordinate position) darunter

    stay under (under water) unter Wasser bleiben; see also go under

    2) (in/into a state of unconsciousness)

    be under/put somebody under — in Narkose liegen/jemanden in Narkose versetzen

    * * *
    (with) full reserve to my rights n.
    unter Wahrung meiner Rechte m. adj.
    unten adj. prep.
    darunter präp.
    unter präp.

    English-german dictionary > under

  • 31 slide

    I [slaɪd]
    1) (chute) (in playground, factory; for logs) scivolo m.; (on ice) lastra f., lastrone m.
    2) fot. diapositiva f.
    3) (microscope plate) vetrino m.
    4) BE (hair clip) fermacapelli m., fermaglio m.
    5) mus. (slur) portamento m.
    6) mus. (of trombone) coulisse f.
    7) fig. (decline) diminuzione f., ribasso m. (in di)
    II 1. [slaɪd]
    verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. slid) (move) fare entrare, infilare [bolt, component]

    to slide sth. forward — fare scivolare o scorrere qcs. in avanti

    2.
    verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. slid)
    1) (anche slide about, BE slide around) (slip) [ car] sdrucciolare; [ person] scivolare

    to slide offscivolare o cadere da [roof, table]; uscire di, andare fuori [ road]

    to slide down — scivolare giù per [ slope]

    to slide in and out — [drawer, component] scorrere

    to slide up and down — [ window] scorrere su e giù

    to slide out of — uscire furtivamente da [ room]; infilarsi in, uscire da [ seat]

    3) (decline) [ prices] essere in ribasso

    to let sth. slide — fig. lasciare andare alla deriva qcs

    * * *
    1. past tense, past participle - slid; verb
    1) (to (cause to) move or pass along smoothly: He slid the drawer open; Children must not slide in the school corridors.) scivolare
    2) (to move quietly or secretly: I slid hurriedly past the window; He slid the book quickly out of sight under his pillow.) far scivolare
    2. noun
    1) (an act of sliding.) scivolata
    2) (a slippery track, or apparatus with a smooth sloping surface, on which people or things can slide: The children were taking turns on the slide in the playground.) scivolo
    3) (a small transparent photograph for projecting on to a screen etc: The lecture was illustrated with slides.) diapositiva
    4) (a glass plate on which objects are placed to be examined under a microscope.) vetrino
    5) ((also hair-slide) a (decorative) hinged fastening for the hair.) molletta, fermacapelli
    - sliding door
    * * *
    slide /slaɪd/
    n.
    1 scivolata; scivolone; sdrucciolone
    2 scivolo ( anche per bambini); sdrucciolo ( su ghiaccio, ecc.); piano inclinato
    3 (mecc.) scorrimento
    4 (scient.) vetrino ( da microscopio)
    5 (fotogr.) diapositiva: a lecture with slides, una conferenza con proiezione di diapositive; slide projector, proiettore per diapositive; diascopio
    6 (comput., Internet) slide; diapositiva
    7 (= landslide) frana; lavina; slavina
    10 ( di strumento) corsoio; cursore: slide bed, guida di corsoio
    11 (mecc.) slitta; parte scorrevole; corsoio
    13 ( per capelli, = hair slide) forcina; molletta; fermacapelli
    14 (autom., bob, ecc.) sbandata: to go into a slide, sbandare
    15 (fig.) scivolata, scivolone ( di una moneta); slittamento ( di prezzi); tracollo: ( Borsa) big slide, scivolone; to halt the economic slide, frenare il tracollo dell'economia
    16 (mus.) elemento mobile ( di una tromba, ecc.)
    17 (mus., di chitarra) slide
    19 ( sci) discesa; ( anche) pista di discesa
    21 ( per barche) scivolo; rampa di messa in acqua
    22 (pl.) (mus.) note scivolate
    ● (mecc.) slide bar, asta di guida □ slide caliper, calibro a corsoio □ (comput., Internet) slide deck, presentazione □ ( sport) slide defence, difesa scorrevole □ slide fastener, chiusura lampo; (la) lampo (fam.) □ slide knot, nodo scorsoio □ ( canottaggio) slide rail, guida di scorrimento □ ( pesca) slide rod, canna con anima metallica regolabile □ slide rule, regolo calcolatore □ slide-rule precision, precisione millimetrica □ slide runner = slide rail ► sopra □ slide showslideshow □ ( calcio, ecc.) slide tackle, entrata (o intervento) in scivolata □ slide tray, caricatore ( di diascopio) □ (mecc.) slide valve, valvola a cassetto, cassetto di distribuzione; valvola a saracinesca □ (autom.) to go into a slide, prendere una sbandata; sbandare ( sul bagnato, ecc.): The car went into a slide on the ice, sul ghiaccio la macchina ha sbandato □ to be on the slide, essere in discesa (o in diminuzione, in calo).
    ♦ (to) slide /slaɪd/
    (pass. e p. p. slid)
    A v. i.
    1 scivolare ( anche fig.); sdrucciolare: Mr Pickwick's friends were sliding on the ice, gli amici di Mr Pickwick scivolavano sul ghiaccio; The sword slid from his hand, la spada gli è scivolata di mano
    2 scorrere: The piston slides up and down, il pistone scorre su e giù
    3 ( anche to slide in) infilarsi; entrare di soppiatto
    4 (autom., ecc.) slittare; sbandare: The car slid on the ice, l'auto ha slittato sul ghiaccio
    5 ( canottaggio, vela) ( di manovre, ecc.) scivolare; scorrere
    B v. t.
    1 far scivolare; far scorrere: DIALOGO → - Explaining how to do something- Gently slide the cartridge out, sfila delicatamente la cartuccia; to slide a coin into sb. 's hand, far scivolare una moneta in mano a q.
    2 infilare: to slide a coin into a slot-machine, infilare una moneta in un distributore automatico; She slid the key into her bag, s'infilò la chiave nella borsetta
    3 ( calcio, ecc.) infilare; far filtrare
    ● (mus.) to slide from one note to another, eseguire note scivolate □ to slide on one's back, cadere sulla schiena scivolando □ to let st. slide, lasciare peggiorare (o deteriorare) qc.; lasciare andare a rotoli qc. NOTA D'USO: - to slide o to slip?-.
    * * *
    I [slaɪd]
    1) (chute) (in playground, factory; for logs) scivolo m.; (on ice) lastra f., lastrone m.
    2) fot. diapositiva f.
    3) (microscope plate) vetrino m.
    4) BE (hair clip) fermacapelli m., fermaglio m.
    5) mus. (slur) portamento m.
    6) mus. (of trombone) coulisse f.
    7) fig. (decline) diminuzione f., ribasso m. (in di)
    II 1. [slaɪd]
    verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. slid) (move) fare entrare, infilare [bolt, component]

    to slide sth. forward — fare scivolare o scorrere qcs. in avanti

    2.
    verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. slid)
    1) (anche slide about, BE slide around) (slip) [ car] sdrucciolare; [ person] scivolare

    to slide offscivolare o cadere da [roof, table]; uscire di, andare fuori [ road]

    to slide down — scivolare giù per [ slope]

    to slide in and out — [drawer, component] scorrere

    to slide up and down — [ window] scorrere su e giù

    to slide out of — uscire furtivamente da [ room]; infilarsi in, uscire da [ seat]

    3) (decline) [ prices] essere in ribasso

    to let sth. slide — fig. lasciare andare alla deriva qcs

    English-Italian dictionary > slide

  • 32 business

    ['bɪznɪs] 1.
    1) U (commerce) affari m.pl.

    to do business with sb. — trattare o fare affari con qcn.

    to go out of business — fare fallimento, ritirarsi dagli affari

    "business as usual" — (on shop window) "siamo aperti"

    2) (custom, trade)
    3) (trade, profession) mestiere m.
    4) (company, firm) azienda f., impresa f.; (shop) negozio m.
    5) U (important matters) questioni f.pl. importanti; (duties, tasks) doveri m.pl., compiti m.pl.

    to go about one's business — svolgere le proprie attività quotidiane, occuparsi delle proprie cose

    "any other business" — (on agenda) "varie ed eventuali"

    mind your own business!colloq. fatti gli affari tuoi!

    7) (affair) storia f., affare m.
    8) (bother, nuisance)
    2.
    modificatore [letter, transaction] commerciale; [ pages] di economia, affari; [meeting, travel, trip] d'affari
    ••

    to be in the business of doingoccuparsi di o avere intenzione di fare

    she can play the piano like nobody's businesscolloq. suona il piano come se niente fosse

    to work like nobody's businesscolloq. lavorare in fretta e bene

    * * *
    ['biznis]
    1) (occupation; buying and selling: Selling china is my business; The shop does more business at Christmas than at any other time.) affari, attività
    2) (a shop, a firm: He owns his own business.) attività, lavoro, occupazione
    3) (concern: Make it your business to help him; Let's get down to business (= Let's start the work etc that must be done).) affari
    - businessman
    - on business
    * * *
    ['bɪznɪs] 1.
    1) U (commerce) affari m.pl.

    to do business with sb. — trattare o fare affari con qcn.

    to go out of business — fare fallimento, ritirarsi dagli affari

    "business as usual" — (on shop window) "siamo aperti"

    2) (custom, trade)
    3) (trade, profession) mestiere m.
    4) (company, firm) azienda f., impresa f.; (shop) negozio m.
    5) U (important matters) questioni f.pl. importanti; (duties, tasks) doveri m.pl., compiti m.pl.

    to go about one's business — svolgere le proprie attività quotidiane, occuparsi delle proprie cose

    "any other business" — (on agenda) "varie ed eventuali"

    mind your own business!colloq. fatti gli affari tuoi!

    7) (affair) storia f., affare m.
    8) (bother, nuisance)
    2.
    modificatore [letter, transaction] commerciale; [ pages] di economia, affari; [meeting, travel, trip] d'affari
    ••

    to be in the business of doingoccuparsi di o avere intenzione di fare

    she can play the piano like nobody's businesscolloq. suona il piano come se niente fosse

    to work like nobody's businesscolloq. lavorare in fretta e bene

    English-Italian dictionary > business

  • 33 deepening

    deep·en·ing
    [ˈdi:pənɪŋ]
    adj tiefer werdend attr
    * * *
    ['diːpənIŋ]
    1. adj
    sorrow, concern etc zunehmend, wachsend; friendship, love also sich vertiefend; crisis, recession sich verschärfend; colour, mystery sich vertiefend, tiefer werdend
    2. n
    (of hole, mystery) Vergrößerung f; (of sorrow, interest, concern) Zunahme f; (of friendship, love) Vertiefung f; (of crisis, recession) Verschärfung f
    * * *
    n.
    Vertiefung f.

    English-german dictionary > deepening

  • 34 grip

    grip [grɪp]
    1. noun
       a. poigne f
    the country is in the grip of a recession/of a severe drought le pays est en proie à la récession/à une sécheresse terrible to lose one's grip (on object) lâcher prise
    I must be losing my grip! (inf) je ne fais que des bêtises !
    to get a grip on o.s. (inf) se ressaisir
    get a grip on yourself! (inf) ressaisis-toi !
       b. ( = handle) poignée f ; (on racket) prise f de raquette ; (on golf club, bat) prise f
       c. ( = suitcase) valise f ; (US) ( = bag) sac m de voyage
       a. ( = grasp) [+ rope, sb's arm] saisir ; ( = hold) tenir serré
    to grip sb's hand ( = grasp) saisir la main de qn ; ( = hold) tenir la main de qn serrée
       b. [fear] saisir
       c. ( = interest strongly) [film, story] captiver
    [wheels] adhérer ; [screw, vice, brakes] mordre
    * * *
    [grɪp] 1.
    1) ( hold) prise f (on sur)

    to tighten/relax one's grip on — resserrer/relâcher sa prise sur

    2) ( control)
    3) ( ability to hold) ( of tyre) adhérence f
    4) ( clutches)
    5) ( bag) sac m de voyage
    6) Cinema accessoiriste mf
    2.
    transitive verb (p prés etc - pp-)
    1) ( grab) agripper; ( hold) serrer
    2) ( adhere to) [tyres] adhérer à [road]; [shoes] accrocher à [ground]
    3) ( captivate) captiver

    English-French dictionary > grip

  • 35 key

    key [ki:]
    1. noun
       a. clé f
       b. (to map, diagram) légende f
       c. [of piano, computer] touche f
       d. [of music] ton m
    ( = crucial) clé inv
    also key in [+ text, data] saisir
    key worker noun (especiallyBritish) (Medicine, social work) coordinateur m, - trice f de soins
    * * *
    [kiː] 1.
    1) ( locking device) clé f

    a set ou bunch of keys — un jeu de clés

    2) ( for clock) clé f (de pendule), remontoir m
    3) Technology clé f

    radiator keyclavette f à radiateur

    4) (on computer, piano, phone) touche f; (on oboe, flute) clé f
    5) fig ( vital clue) clé f, secret m (to de)
    6) ( explanatory list) ( on map) légende f; (to abbreviations, symbols) liste f; ( for code) clé f
    7) ( answers) (to test, riddle) solutions fpl; School corrigé m
    8) Music ton m, tonalité f

    to sing in/off key — chanter juste/faux

    9) Geography caye m
    2.
    noun modifier [ industry, job, document, figure, role] clé inv (after n); [ difference, point] capital
    3.
    1) ( type) saisir
    2) ( adapt) adapter (to à)
    Phrasal Verbs:

    English-French dictionary > key

  • 36 plunge

    plunge [plʌndʒ]
    1. noun
    [of bird, diver] plongeon m ; ( = steep fall) chute f
    they were plunged into darkness/despair ils ont été plongés dans l'obscurité/le désespoir
    plonger ; [sales, prices, profits, temperature] chuter
    to plunge into debt/recession sombrer dans les dettes/la récession
    * * *
    [plʌndʒ] 1.
    1) ( from height) plongeon m

    to take a plunge — ( dive) piquer une tête

    2) Finance ( of share prices etc) chute f libre
    2.
    transitive verb plonger ( into dans)

    to be plunged intoêtre plongé dans [darkness, crisis, strike]; être submergé de [debt]

    3.
    intransitive verb [road, cliff, waterfall] plonger; [bird, plane] piquer; [person] ( dive) plonger; ( fall) tomber ( from de); fig [rate, value] chuter

    to plunge intofig se lancer dans [activity, career]; sombrer dans [chaos]

    Phrasal Verbs:
    ••

    English-French dictionary > plunge

  • 37 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 38 drift

    A n
    1 (flow, movement) the drift of the current le sens du courant ; to be carried downstream by the drift of the current être emporté en aval par le courant ; the drift of events fig le cours des événements ; the drift from the land l'exode m rural ; the drift of refugees to the border l'afflux m des réfugiés à la frontière ; the slow drift of strikers back to work le lent retour des grévistes au travail ;
    2 ( ocean current) also Geol dérive f ; North Atlantic drift dérive nord-atlantique ;
    3 ( deviation) ( of projectile) dérivation f ; (of ship, plane) dérive f ;
    4 ( mass) ( of snow) congère f ; (of leaves, sand) tas m, amoncellement m ; (of smoke, mist) nuage m, traînée f ; the rain/snow was falling in drifts il y avait des bourrasques de pluie/de neige ;
    5 ( general meaning) sens m (général) ; to catch the drift of sb's argument comprendre où quelqu'un veut en venir ; I don't catch ou follow your drift je ne comprends pas où vous voulez en venir ; get the drift ? tu piges ? ;
    6 Geol ( glacial deposit) drift m, sédiments mpl glaciaires ;
    7 ( in mining) galerie f en allongement ;
    8 Ling évolution f ;
    9 Elec, Radio dérive f.
    B vi
    1 (be carried by tide, current) [boat] dériver ; ( by wind) [balloon] voler à la dérive ; [smoke, fog] flotter ; to drift out to sea dériver vers le large ; to drift off course [boat] dériver hors-cap ; [plane] dériver hors de route ; to drift downstream être emporté or entraîné en aval par le courant ; to drift onto the rocks s'échouer sur les rochers ; clouds drifted across the sky des nuages traversaient le ciel ; mist was drifting in from the sea il y avait de la brume qui venait de la mer ; voices drifted into the garden des voix parvenaient dans le jardin ;
    2 ( pile up) [snow] former des congères fpl ; [leaves] s'amonceler ; drifting snow des bourrasques fpl de neige ; drifted snow des congères ;
    3 to drift along [person] lit flâner ; fig se laisser aller ; to drift around ou about the house traîner sans but dans la maison ; the strikers are drifting back to work les grévistes retournent progressivement au travail ; to drift into/out of the room entrer dans une/sortir d'une pièce d'un pas nonchalant ; to drift from job to job passer d'un emploi à un autre ; to drift from town to town errer de ville en ville ; to drift through life errer sans but dans la vie ; the country is drifting towards recession/war le pays glisse vers la récession/la guerre ; I'm content to let things drift je me borne à laisser les événements suivre leur cours ;
    4 fig ( stray) to drift into teaching/publishing se retrouver dans l'enseignement/l'édition ; to drift into crime/prostitution sombrer dans la criminalité/la prostitution ; the conversation drifted onto politics la conversation a dérivé vers la politique.
    drift apart [friends, couple, lovers] se détacher progressivement (from de) ; we have drifted apart nous sommes moins proches qu'avant.
    drift away [crowd, spectators] s'éloigner (from de) ; fig [person] ( from belief etc) s'éloigner progressivement (from de).
    1 ( doze off) s'assoupir ;
    2 ( leave) s'en aller lentement.

    Big English-French dictionary > drift

  • 39 advantage

    advantage [əd'vɑ:ntɪdʒ]
    1 noun
    (a) (benefit) avantage m;
    her experience gives her an advantage over the other candidates son expérience lui donne un avantage sur les autres candidats;
    they have an advantage over us or the advantage of us ils ont un avantage sur nous;
    the plan has the advantage of being extremely cheap le plan présente l'avantage d'être extrêmement bon marché;
    it's to your advantage to learn another language c'est (dans) ton intérêt d'apprendre une autre langue;
    that would be to their advantage cela leur serait avantageux, ils y auraient intérêt;
    the recession/weather worked to their advantage la récession/le temps les a avantagés ou a travaillé pour eux;
    to turn sth to advantage tirer parti de qch, mettre qch à profit;
    she turned the situation to her advantage elle a tiré parti de la situation, elle a tourné la situation à son avantage;
    to turn out to sb's advantage (event) tourner à l'avantage de qn, profiter à qn;
    to take advantage of sth (to do sth) profiter de qch (pour faire qch);
    we took advantage of the holiday weekend to do some gardening nous avons profité du long week-end pour faire du jardinage;
    to take advantage of sb (make use of) profiter de qn; (exploit) exploiter qn; (abuse sexually) abuser de qn;
    they'll only take advantage (of your generosity etc) ils ne feront qu'en profiter;
    that would be taking advantage! ce serait abuser!;
    she uses her charm to great advantage elle sait user de son charme;
    that colour shows her eyes off to great advantage cette couleur met ses yeux en valeur;
    this lighting shows the pictures to their best advantage cet éclairage met les tableaux en valeur;
    British formal you have the advantage of me à qui ai-je l'honneur?
    (b) Sport (in tennis) avantage m;
    advantage Henman avantage Henman
    to play advantage (in football, rugby) laisser l'avantage, appliquer la règle de l'avantage
    avantager
    ►► Sport advantage rule (in football, rugby) règle f de l'avantage;
    to play the advantage rule laisser l'avantage, appliquer la règle de l'avantage

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > advantage

  • 40 high

    high [haɪ]
    haut1 (a), 1 (b), 1 (d), 1 (f), 1 (g), 1 (m), 1 (o), 1 (p), 2 (a), 2 (b), 3 (a), 3 (b) élevé1 (b)-(e), 1 (k) grand1 (c), 1 (d) noble1 (e) aigu1 (g) excité1 (s) en haut2 (a)
    (a) (tall) haut;
    how high is that building? quelle est la hauteur de ce bâtiment?;
    the walls are three metres high les murs ont ou font trois mètres de haut, les murs sont hauts de trois mètres;
    the building is eight storeys high c'est un immeuble de ou à huit étages;
    the highest mountain in the country la plus haute montagne du pays;
    when I was only so high quand je n'étais pas plus grand que ça
    (b) (above ground level → river, tide) haut; (→ altitude, shelf) haut, élevé;
    built on high ground construit sur un terrain élevé;
    the sun was high in the sky le soleil était haut
    (c) (above average → number) grand, élevé; (→ speed, value) grand; (→ cost, price, rate) élevé; (→ salary) élevé, gros (grosse); (→ pressure) élevé, haut; (→ polish) brillant;
    to the highest degree au plus haut degré, à l'extrême;
    of the highest importance de première importance;
    to pay a high price payer le prix fort;
    to fetch a high price se vendre cher;
    to make a higher bid faire une offre supérieure, surenchérir;
    highest bidder surenchérisseur(euse) m,f;
    she suffers from high blood pressure elle a de la tension;
    also figurative to play for high stakes jouer gros (jeu);
    built to withstand high temperatures conçu pour résister à des températures élevées;
    he has a high temperature il a beaucoup de température ou fièvre;
    areas of high unemployment des régions à fort taux de chômage;
    ore with a high mineral content minerai m à haute teneur;
    milk is high in calcium le lait contient beaucoup de calcium;
    high winds des vents mpl violents, de grands vents mpl;
    Mathematics the highest common factor le plus grand commun diviseur
    (d) (better than average → quality) grand, haut; (→ standard) haut, élevé; (→ mark, score) élevé, bon; (→ reputation) bon;
    our chances of success remain high nos chances de succès restent très bonnes;
    to have a high opinion of sb avoir une bonne ou haute opinion de qn;
    he has a high opinion of himself il a une haute idée de lui-même;
    to have a high profile être très en vue;
    she speaks of you in the highest terms elle dit le plus grand bien de vous;
    one of the highest honours in the arts l'un des plus grands honneurs dans le monde des arts;
    Commerce & Finance high value added à haute valeur ajoutée
    (e) (honourable → ideal, thought) noble, élevé; (→ character) noble;
    a man of high principles un homme qui a des principes (élevés);
    he took a very high moral tone il prit un ton très moralisateur;
    she has very high moral standards elle a des principes (de moralité) très élevés
    a high official un haut fonctionnaire;
    we have it on the highest authority nous le tenons de la source la plus sûre;
    to have friends in high places avoir des relations haut placées, avoir le bras long;
    of high rank de haut rang
    (g) (sound, voice) aigu(uë); Music (note) haut
    high summer plein été m;
    it was high summer c'était au cœur de l'été;
    it's high time we were leaving il est grand temps qu'on parte
    resentment was high il y avait énormément de ressentiment;
    moments of high drama des moments mpl extrêmement dramatiques;
    high adventure grande aventure f;
    to be high farce tourner à la farce
    (j) British (complexion) rougeaud, rubicond;
    to have a high colour avoir le visage congestionné
    (k) (elaborate, formal → language, style) élevé, soutenu
    (l) (prominent → cheekbones) saillant
    (m) Cards haut;
    the highest card la carte maîtresse
    (n) British (meat) avancé, faisandé; (butter, cheese) rance
    (o) (remote) haut
    a high Tory un tory ultra-conservateur;
    a high Anglican un(e) anglican(e) de tendance conservatrice
    (s) (excited) excité, énervé; (cheerful) plein d'entrain, enjoué;
    to be in high spirits être plein d'entrain;
    our spirits were high nous avions le moral;
    familiar old-fashioned we had a high old time on s'est amusés comme des fous
    to be high (drugged) planer; figurative (euphoric) être dans un état d'euphorie ;
    high on cocaine défoncé à la cocaïne;
    figurative they were high on success ils ne se sentaient plus après ce succès;
    figurative he gets high on sailing il prend son pied en faisant de la voile;
    they were (as) high as kites (drunk) ils étaient bien partis; (drugged) ils planaient; (happy) ils avaient la pêche
    (a) (at, to a height) haut, en haut; (at a great altitude) à haute altitude, à une altitude élevée;
    up high en haut;
    higher up plus haut;
    higher and higher de plus en plus haut;
    he raised both hands high il a levé les deux mains en l'air;
    the kite flew high up in the sky le cerf-volant est monté très haut dans le ciel;
    she threw the ball high into the air elle a lancé le ballon très haut;
    the geese flew high over the fields les oies volaient très haut au-dessus des champs;
    the shelf was high above her head l'étagère était bien au-dessus de sa tête;
    he rose high in the company il a accédé aux plus hauts échelons de la société;
    figurative we looked high and low for him nous l'avons cherché partout;
    figurative to set one's sights high, to aim high viser haut;
    figurative they're flying high ils visent haut, ils voient grand;
    also figurative to hold one's head high porter la tête haute;
    figurative to leave sb high and dry laisser qn en plan
    they set the price/standards too high ils ont fixé un prix/niveau trop élevé;
    I turned the heating up high j'ai mis le chauffage à fond;
    he rose higher in my esteem il est monté encore plus dans mon estime;
    salaries can go as high as £50,000 les salaires peuvent monter jusqu'à ou atteindre 50 000 livres;
    I had to go as high as £50 il a fallu que j'aille ou que je monte jusqu'à 50 livres;
    the card players played high les joueurs de cartes ont joué gros (jeu);
    to run high (river) être en crue; (sea) être houleuse ou grosse;
    feelings were running high les esprits se sont échauffés
    (c) (in tone) haut;
    I can't sing that high je ne peux pas chanter aussi haut
    to live high off or on the hog vivre comme un roi ou nabab
    3 noun
    (a) (height) haut m;
    humorous the decision came from on high la décision fut prononcée en haut lieu
    to reach a new high atteindre un nouveau record;
    prices are at an all-time high les prix ont atteint leur maximum;
    the Stock Market reached a new high la Bourse a atteint un nouveau record ou maximum;
    the highs and lows (of share prices, career, life) les hauts mpl et les bas mpl
    (c) (setting → on iron, stove)
    I put the oven on high j'ai mis le four sur très chaud
    (d) Cars (fourth gear) quatrième f; (fifth gear) cinquième f
    (e) Meteorology (anticyclone) anticyclone m
    she's been on a permanent high since he came back elle voit tout en rose depuis son retour
    Religion the Most High le Très-Haut
    ►► Religion high altar maître-autel m;
    History High Antiquity Haute Antiquité f;
    American Cars high beam feux mpl de route;
    Swimming high board plongeoir m le plus haut;
    high camp (affectation) affectation f, cabotinage m; (effeminate behaviour) manières fpl efféminées; (style) kitsch m;
    high chair chaise f haute (pour enfants);
    British Religion High Church
    1 noun
    = fraction de l'Église d'Angleterre accordant une grande importance à l'autorité du prêtre, au rituel etc
    (a) = de tendance conservatrice dans l'Église anglicane;
    British Religion High Churchman = membre du mouvement conservateur à l'intérieur de l'Église anglicane;
    high comedy Theatre comédie f au dialogue brillant;
    figurative the debate ended in scenes of high comedy le débat se termina par des scènes du plus haut comique;
    Military high command haut commandement m;
    Administration high commission haut-commissariat m;
    Administration high commissioner haut-commissaire m;
    Law the High Court (of Justice) le tribunal de grande instance (principal tribunal civil en Angleterre et au pays de Galles);
    Law High Court judge juge m du tribunal de grande instance;
    Law the High Court of Judiciary = la plus haute instance de justice en Écosse;
    Military high explosive explosif m puissant;
    high fashion haute couture f;
    high fidelity haute-fidélité f;
    high finance haute finance f;
    familiar high five = tape amicale donnée dans la paume de quelqu'un, bras levé, pour le saluer, le féliciter ou en signe de victoire;
    they always give each other a high five when they meet ils se tapent dans la main à chaque fois qu'ils se voient;
    Electronics high frequency haute fréquence f;
    high gear Cars (fourth) quatrième f (vitesse f); (fifth) cinquième f (vitesse f);
    figurative they moved into high gear ils se sont dépêchés;
    High German haut allemand m;
    high heels hauts talons mpl;
    high jump Sport saut m en hauteur;
    British familiar figurative you're for the high jump when he finds out! qu'est-ce que tu vas prendre quand il l'apprendra!;
    Sport high jumper sauteur(euse) m,f (qui fait du saut en hauteur);
    the high life la grande vie;
    she has a taste for the high life elle a des goûts de luxe;
    to lead or to live the high life mener la grande vie;
    Religion high mass, High Mass grand-messe f;
    Computing high memory mémoire f haute;
    Computing high memory area zone f de mémoire haute;
    History the High Middle Ages le Haut Moyen Âge;
    high noon plein midi m;
    at high noon à midi pile;
    American Transport High Occupancy Vehicle = voiture particulière transportant au moins deux passagers;
    Religion high place haut lieu m;
    high point (major event → of news) événement m le plus marquant; (→ of evening, holiday) point m culminant, grand moment m; (→ of film, novel) point m culminant;
    the high point of the party le clou de la soirée;
    high priest Religion grand prêtre m;
    figurative the high priests of fashion les gourous mpl de la mode;
    high priestess Religion grande prêtresse f;
    figurative the high priestess of rock la grande prêtresse du rock;
    Linguistics high register language langage m élevé ou soutenu;
    Art high relief haut-relief m;
    high rise tour f (immeuble);
    high road (main road) route f principale, grand-route f; figurative (most direct route) bonne voie f;
    he's on the high road to success il est en bonne voie de réussir;
    the high road to fame la voie de la gloire;
    American familiar high roller (spendthrift) dépensier(ère) mf; (gambler) flambeur(euse) m,f;
    high school School (in UK) = établissement d'enseignement secondaire regroupant collège et lycée; (in US) lycée m;
    she's still at high school elle est toujours scolarisée ou va toujours au lycée;
    the high seas la haute mer;
    on the high seas en haute ou pleine mer;
    high season haute ou pleine saison f;
    during the high season en haute ou pleine saison;
    British Administration High Sheriff = dans les comtés anglais et gallois, représentant officiel du monarque;
    American high sign signe m;
    to give sb the high sign faire signe à qn;
    high society haute société f, grand monde m;
    high spirits pétulance f, vitalité f, entrain m;
    to be in high spirits avoir de l'entrain, être plein d'entrain;
    to put sb in high spirits mettre qn de bonne humeur;
    (a) (major event → of news) événement m le plus marquant; (→ of evening, holiday) point m culminant, grand moment m; (→ of film, novel) point m culminant
    (b) American (place) endroit m intéressant;
    we hit all the high spots (tourists) nous avons vu toutes les attractions touristiques;
    British the high street (street) la grand-rue, la rue principale; (shops) les commerçants mpl, le commerce;
    Commerce & Economics the high street has been badly hit by the recession les commerçants ont été durement touchés par la récession;
    British high table (for guests of honour) table f d'honneur; School & University table f des professeurs;
    British high tea = repas léger pris en début de soirée et accompagné de thé;
    high tech (technology) technologie f avancée ou de pointe; (style) hi-tech m inv;
    high tide (of ocean, sea) marée f haute; figurative (of success) point m culminant;
    at high tide à marée haute;
    Theatre high tragedy grande tragédie f;
    high treason haute trahison f;
    Electricity high voltage haute tension f;
    high water (of ocean, sea) marée f haute; (of river) crue f;
    the river is at high water le fleuve est en crue;
    high wire corde f raide ou de funambule;
    to walk the high wire marcher sur la corde raide
    ✾ Film 'High Noon' Zinnemann 'Le Train sifflera trois fois'

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > high

См. также в других словарях:

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  • Recession Proof — A term used to describe an asset, company, industry or other entity that is believed to be economically resistant to the outcomes of a recession. Oftentimes, recession proof stocks are added to many investment portfolios during times of economic… …   Investment dictionary

  • recession — recession1 /ri sesh euhn/, n. 1. the act of receding or withdrawing. 2. a receding part of a wall, building, etc. 3. a withdrawing procession, as at the end of a religious service. 4. Econ. a period of an economic contraction, sometimes limited… …   Universalium

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  • recession — I. /rəˈsɛʃən / (say ruh seshuhn) noun 1. the act of receding or withdrawing. 2. a receding part of a wall, etc. 3. a procession at the end of a church service. 4. a decline in business. 5. a period of adverse economic circumstances during which… …  

  • recession — re•ces•sion [[t]rɪˈsɛʃ ən[/t]] n. 1) a period of economic decline when production, employment, and earnings fall below normal levels 2) the act of receding or withdrawing 3) a receding part of a wall, building, etc 4) a withdrawing procession, as …   From formal English to slang

  • Crise économique dite de la Grande Récession (2008 et après) — La crise économique de 2008, appelée souvent dans le monde anglophone Grande Récession (Great Recession, en référence à la Grande Dépression de 1929)[1],[2],[3] …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Late-2000s recession — This article is about economic recession during the early twenty first century. For background financial market events dating from 2007, see Late 2000s financial crisis. Late 2000s recession around the world Africa Americas South America United… …   Wikipedia

  • Clouscard — Michel Clouscard Michel Clouscard Philosophe Occidental Époque Contemporaine Michel Clouscard Naissance : 1928 à Montpinier …   Wikipédia en Français

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  • cede — [17] Cede comes, either directly or via French céder, from Latin cēdere ‘go away, withdraw, yield’. The Latin verb provided the basis for a surprisingly wide range of English words: the infinitive form produced, for instance, accede, concede,… …   The Hutchinson dictionary of word origins

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