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1 ἄσις
ἄσις, - ιοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `slime, mud' (Il. Φ 321).Derivatives: ἀσώδης (A. Supp. 31); for *ἀσιώδης after the homonym from ἄση? Ancient commentators derived B 461, the reading Άσίω, without second ι, from this word (Eust.), instead of from Άσία.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unexplained. Schulze BerlAkSb. 1910, 793 (= Kl. Schr. 11 6f.) compared Skt. ásita- `dark, black' (cf. Skt. hári- `yellow' beside hári-ta- `id.'), with ἀ- \< n̥- in order to explain the s in ἄσις, s. Schwyzer 307. - Fur. 80 n. 426 compares ἄα σύστημα ὔδατος H. (but σ\/zero is unknown in Pre-Gr. words).Page in Frisk: 1,162Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄσις
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2 κολοσσός
Grammatical information: m. (Cyrene also f.)Meaning: `gigantic statue, coloss (Hdt. [only about Egypt], hell.), also `statue' in gen. (A., hell.), `figure, puppet' (Cyrene; cf. v. Wilamowitz BerlAkSb. 1927: 19, 155ff.);Compounds: as 1. member e. g. in κολοσσο-ποιός (Hero).Derivatives: κολοσσιαῖος (D. S. [- ττ-], Ph., Pap.), - ικός (D. S. [- ττ-], Str., Plu.) `with the measures of a c., colossal'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The (suffixal) element - σσ- points to foreign Mediterranean origin; s. Chantraine Formation 34, Lamer IF 48, 233, Krahe Die Antike 15, 181; hesitating agreement of Kretschmer Glotta 21, 159. Bq compares the also dark κολεκάνος (- οκ-) `long, meager man' (Stratt., H.). No IE. etymology (no to κολωνός etc.; s. Bq). A typical Pre-Greek word. Ample about κολοσσός Benveniste Rev. de phil. 58, 118ff.Page in Frisk: 1,903-904Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κολοσσός
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3 μέριμνα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `care, anxiety' (h. Merc., Hes., Sapph., Emp., Pi., trag., Ar.; orig. Ionic?, Solmsen [s.below], v. Wilamowitz BerlAkSb. 1909, 810A. 1, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 36);Compounds: Compp., e.g. ἀ-μέριμνος `without care' (S., hell.) with ἀμεριμν-ία `carelessness' (Plu.) etc.Derivatives: μεριμνάω, - ῆσαι `care for, care, be mindful' (S., Ar., X., D.) with μεριμν-ήματα, Dor. - άματα pl. `cares' (Pi., S.), - ητής m. `caring for sth.' (E.), - ητικός (Artem., sch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)Etymology: The generally proposed and on itself obvious idea that μέριμνα is a backformation from μεριμνάω (cf. ἐρευνάω: ἔρευνα etc., see Solmsen Wortforsch. 39 f., 258), is confimed neither by the dates nor the spread of the attestations. Formally closest is μέδιμνος (s. v.); as basis seems to have served a noun *μερ-ί-μων or *μέρ-ι-μα; on the unclear phonology see Schwyzer 352 a. 283. Wrong analysis by Winter Lang. 26, 533. The primary verb to be supposed exists in Skt. smárati, Av. maraiti, paiti-šmaraiti, hi-šmar- `remember, remind'. -- Cognate formations perh. in μέρμερος, μέρμηρα, - ίζω; s. vv., with also further connections. Fur. 246 assumes Pre-Greek origin because of the suffix (- ιμν-).Page in Frisk: 2,209Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέριμνα
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4 μύλλον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `lip' (Poll. 2, 90; pl.).Derivatives: μυλλ-αίνω, - ίζω (Phot., Suid.; Debrunner IF 21, 58 f.), μυλλάω in μεμύλληκε διέστραπται, συνέστραπται H. `distort the mouth, make mouths'. Also with intensive reduplication μοιμύλλειν θηλάζειν, ἐσθίειν. καὶ τὰ χείλη προσάπτειν ἀλλήλοις H. (Hippon., Com. Adesp.; cf. μοιμυάω s. μύω). Adj., prob. a backformation, μυλλός (cod. - ύ-) = καμπύλος, σκολιός, κυλλός, στρεβλός H., also Eust. 906, 54 (= `squint-eyed').Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations]X [probably]Etymology: Like μῦθος(?), μυκάομαι from sound-imitating μῦ with expressive gemination of the λ-suffix (cf. Chantraine Form. 238 f.)? Beside it with single consonant Germ., e.g. OHG mūla f., MHG mūl n. ' Maul', (and also Skt. mū́la- n. `root'? as drinking organ of plants; Wackernagel BerlAkSb. 1918, 410f. a. KZ 59, 28 = Kl. Schriften 1, 329f. a. 348; but DELG notes that for Mayrhofer KEWA a Dravidian origin is not impossible). -- Further cf. μύω.See also: Weiteres s. μύω.Page in Frisk: 2,270Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μύλλον
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5 παλάσσω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to besprinkle, to stain, to taint' (Il.)Compounds: ἐμ-παλάσσομαι `to be tampered, to be entangled', Fr. s' embour-ber (Hdt., Th.), ἐμπαλάξαι ἐμπλέξαι H., with ἐμπαλάγματα pl. `entanglements, embracements' (A. Supp. 296).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: By Curtius 288 with παλύνω connected with πάλη `fine flour', which in spite of Bechtel Lex. s.v. seems semantically without problem; formation after σταλάσσω, αἱμάσσω a.o.; on anal. - άσσω Schwyzer 733. After Fick 1, 478 however to πάλκος πηλός H., to which belong further Lith. pélkė `marsh, peat-moor' a.o.; diff. on πάλκος Schulze BerlAkSb. 1910, 788 (Kl. Schr. 112): to Lith. pálšas `sallow'. Further hypothet. combinations by Bq., WP. 2, 65 f., W.-Hofmann s. 2. palūs, with rich lit.; s. also Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 3, 232 f. (on the Span. riv.name Palantia, supp. "marsh-river"). So no good etym.Page in Frisk: 2,466Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > παλάσσω
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6 πνί̄γω
πνί̄γωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to limit one's breath, to asphyxiate by squeezing, water or vapour, to choke, to drown, to be drowned', also `to muffle, to smother' (Epich., Sophr., IA.); on the meaning `to drown, to be drowned' Schulze BerlAkSb. 1918, 320ff. = Kl. Schr. 148 ff.Other forms: Aor. πνῖξαι, intr. a. pass. πνῐγ-ῆναι w. fut. - ήσομαι, late πνιχθῆναι, perf. midd. πέπνιγμαι.Derivatives: Several nom. actionis: 1. πνῖγος n. `smothery heat' (IA.; opposite ῥῖγος); 2. πνῖγ-μα n. `suffocating' (Hp.), - μός m. `id.' (Hp., X., Arist.) with - μώδης `suffocating' (Hp.), - μονή f. `id.' (Hdn. Epim.: cf. φλεγμονή, πημονή); 3. πνῖξις ( κατά- πνί̄γω) f. `choking, asphyxiation' (Arist., Thphr.), `drowning' ( PMag. Par.); 4. πνίξ, - γός f. `choking, asphyxiation' (Hp., Dsc.; like φρίξ a.o.; Chantraine Form. 2 f.); 5. πνιγετός m. = πνῖγος (Ptol.; H. s. ἀγχόνη); as πυρ-, παγ-ετός; 6. περιπνιγ-ή f. `suffocation' (Vett. Val.). Nom. agentis: 6. πνῐγεύς m. "suffocator", `cover for extinguishing the coals' (Ar., Arist.), `air chamber' (Hero, Ph. Bel.), `muzzle' (com.), prob. analog. from πνίγω, πνῐγῆναι after τρῑ̃βω, τρῐβ-ῆναι: -ή: - εύς a.o.; vgl. Bosshardt 48; 7. πνικτήρ m. `choker, choking' (Nonn.). Further 8. πνιγ-ῖτις (sc. γῆ) `kind of clay' (Dsc., Plin.; Redard 109; prob. from πνῖγος); 9. - αλίων, - ωνος m. `nightmare, incubus' (medic.); like αἰθαλ-ίων: αἰθ-άλη: αἴθω; 10. πνῑ-γηρός `smothery', esp. `smotheryly hot' (Hp., Att.; from πνῖγος or πνίγω); 11. πνῐγόεις `id.' (Nic., AP; ῐ metr. condit.); 12. περι-, συμ-πνῐγ-ής `suffocated' (Nic., J., D.S., after πνῐγ-ῆναι); 13. πνικτός `steamed, smothered' (com.), `airtight' (Hero), `suffocated, choked' ( Act. Ap.); 14. enlarged πνιγ-ίζω `to choke, to strangle' (AP; influenced by πυγ-ίζω).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Popular expressive verb without certain connection; one has thought of a cross of several words. The anlaut reminds of πνέω, the auslaut of φρύγω, φώγω, the vowel of κνίψ a. cogn., also of MLG knīpen (s. Κνίφων), but there is no basis for a certain decision. The comparison with some Germ. words for `snuffle', e.g. OHG fnaskazzen (Fick BB 7, 95 etc.; s. Bq and WP. 2, 85), is both semantically and especially phonetically and formally (πνῑγ- from *pnezg- [with reduced vowel]??; but fnaskazzen to OWNo. fnasa) quite unsatisfactory. -- The short in πνῐγ-ῆναι etc. can be analogal. -- So no etym.; is the word Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,567-568Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πνί̄γω
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7 ῥόδον
Grammatical information: n.Other forms: Aeol. βρόδον OKDialectal forms: Myc. wodowe \/ wordo-wen\/ epithet of oil, s. Chadwick-Baumbach 243, Lejeune Mémoires 2, 26.Compounds: Compp., e.g. ῥοδο-δάκτυλος `rosyfingered', adjunct of Ήώς (Hom.), βροδο-δάκτυλος of the moon (Sapph.); cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 18 n. 9), κυνό-ρροδον n. `dog rose, Rosa canina' (Thphr.; Strömberg Pfl.namen 30 a. 98).Derivatives: 1. ῥοδ-έα, - έη, -ῆ f. `rose tree' (Archil.); 2. -( ε)ών, -( ε)ῶνος m. `bed of roses' (AP, pap.) with - ωνιά f. `bed of roses, rose garden, rose tree' (Hecat.; Scheller Oxytonierung 70); 3. - ιη f. `bed of roses' (Mycale IVa); 4. - όεις `of roses' (Ψ 186, B., E. in lyr.), - εος `id, roselike' (poet. h. Cer.), - ινος `of roses' (Anacr.); on the adj. s. Schmid - εος und - ειος 47 w. n.1, Zumbach Neuerungen 14, and Forderer Gnomon 30, 96; 5. - άριον n. `rose ornament' (pap.), - ίς, - ίδος f. `rose pastille' (Dsc.); 6. - ίτης m. `rose wine' (Dsc.; Redard 98), - ῖτις f. n. of a stone, because of the colour (Plin.; Redard 60); 7. - ουντία f. `dish flavoured with roses' (Ath.; as if from *ῥοδοῦς; cf. Scheller l.c. w. n.1); 8. - ίζω `to cover with roses', of a tomb, with - ισμός, - ίσια pl. = Lat. Rosalia (Asia Minor), also `to make smell like roses' (Thphr., Alex. Aphr.), intr. `to resemble a rose' (Dsc.); 9. also the islandname ` Ρόδος ? (Georgacas Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 6,155).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Iran. ?Etymology: PGr. Ϝρόδον (= Aeol. βρόδον) comes from the east, pob. first like Arm. vard `rose' from OIran. *u̯r̥da- ( \> NPers. gul `id.'); Schwyzer 344 n. 2 with Schulze (s.bel.). To this also Aram. wardā', Arab. ward `id.' Further history debated; after Mayrhofer Arch. Or. 18, 74 from Arab. warada `bloom', waruda `be red'; recalled by Mayrhofer Sprache 7(1961)185. Diff. Schulze BerlAkSb. 1910, 806ff.: with Germ., e.g. OE word `thorn-bush', Lat. rubus `blackberry-bush' from IE *u̯r̥dho-; to be rejected. Pelasgian etymology by v. Windekens Le Pélasgique 132. -- From Greek prob. Lat. rosa, in detail unlear (s. W.-Hofmann s.v.).Page in Frisk: 2,660-661Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥόδον
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8 Ζεύς
Grammatical information: m.Other forms: Boeot. Lac. etc. Δεύς, voc. Ζεῦ, gen. Δι(Ϝ)ός, dat. (loc.) Δι(Ϝ)ί, dat. also ΔιϜεί (e. g. ΔιϜεί-φιλος;), acc. Ζῆν, since Hom. also Δί-α, Ζῆν-α with Ζην-ός, -ί; nom. Ζήν (A. Supp. 162 [lyr.]; or voc.?), Ζάν (Pythag., Ar.), Ζάς (Pherec. Syr.), gen. Ζανός (inscr. Chios IVa [? ] a. o.); note Δᾶν (Theocr. 4, 17); more forms in Schwyzer 576f., Leumann Hom. Wörter 288ff. and the dict.Dialectal forms: Myc. dat. diwe \/diwei\/Compounds: As 1. member in univerbations like Διόσ-κουροι (gen.; also Διεσ-κουρίδου [Priene a. o.]), ΔιϜεί-φιλος (dat.), stemform e. g. in διο-γενής; also Ζηνό-δοτος (for Διόσ-δοτος) a. o.; as 2. member in ἔνδιος, εὑδία, s. vv.; cf. also αὑτόδιον.Derivatives: δῖος, s. v.Etymology: Ols name of heaven, of the god of heaven, of the day, preserved esp. in Sanskrit, Greek and Italic, and prob. in Hittite, with several related forms: Ζεύς = Skt. dyáuḥ `(god of) heaven, day', Lat. Iovis and pob. in nu-diūs tertius `(it is) now the third day', i. e. `the day before yesterday', IE *d(i)i̯ēus; also Hitt. * šiuš, šiun(i)- `god'; Ζεῦ πάτερ = Lat. Iūpiter, Ζῆν = Skt. dyā́m, Lat. diem (with new nom. diēs, Diēspiter; cf. also Illyr. Δειπάτυρος); the other oblique cases, ΔιϜ-ός, - εί, -ί, Δία agree with Skt. diváḥ, divé, diví, dívam (partly parallell innovations). New in Greek are Ζῆν-α (after Δί-α) with Ζηνός, -ί, which contains the old acc. *Di̯ē(u)m with early loss of the u̯ seen also in Skt. Dyām; not to IE * din- `day' in Lat. nun-dinae `market-day', Skt. madhyán-dinam `midday' a. o. (after Kretschmer Glotta 14, 303f. also Τιν-δαρίδαι and 30, 93ff). - The α in Ζάς, Ζάν, Ζανός was spread from Elean Olympia, where η became ᾱ, s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 288ff. (after Kretschmer Glotta 17, 197) and Fraenkel Gnomon 23, 373. - It is generally assumed that IE *d(i)i̯ēus is an agent noon of the verb seen in Skt. dī́-de-ti `shine', gr. δέατο (s. v.) meaning `shine, glow, light'; *d(i)i̯ēus prop. "the shining, gleaming". Objections in Wackernagel BerlAkSb. 1918, 396ff. (= Kl. Schr. 1, 315ff.), Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 391. Beside Ζεύς etc. there is an old appellative for `god' in Skt. deváḥ = Lat. deus = Lith. diẽvas a. o., IE *deiu̯os; prop. "the heavenly, caelestis" as deriv. from the noun for `heaven'. - Except Bq see W.-Hofmann s. diēs, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. diẽvas, Wackernagel-Debrunner Aind. Gramm. 3, 219ff., Mayrhofer EWAia. s. dyáuh, Benveniste Origines 59f, 166. (Cf. also Τινδαρίδαι).Page in Frisk: 1,610-611Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Ζεύς
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