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1 ἱμάς-
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `leathern strap, for drawing, lashing etc., thong of a sandal, of a door etc.', as building term `beam' (Il.; Delebecque Cheval 63, 187f.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἱμαντ-ελίκται pl. "pricker of tapes-", name of the sophists in Democr. 150, ἱμαντελιγμός name of a game (Poll. 9, 118), compounds of ἱμάντας ἑλίσσειν, cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 244 w. n. 1.Derivatives: Diminut. ἱμάντιον (Hp.), ἱμαντ-άριον (Delos IIa a. o.), - ίδιον (EM), - ίσκος (Herod.); adj. ἱμάντινος `of ropes' (Hdt., Hp.), ἱμαντώδης `rope-like' (Pl., Dsc., Gal.); denomin. verbs: 1. ἱμάσσω, aor. ἱμάσαι a) `lash' (Il.) with ἱμάσθλη `lash, whip' (Il.); also μάσθλης (through cross with μάστιξ?, cf. on μαίο-μαι; diff. on ἱμάσσω, ἱμάσθλη Schwyzer 533, 725 n. 3, Belardi Maia 2, 274ff.); b) `provide with ἱμάντες, i. e. beams' only in ἱμασσια `beams?' (IG 4, 823, 26, Troizen IVa; s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 149 w. n. 1, Bechtel Dial. 2, 510, Scheller Oxytonierung 113 n. 1). 2. ἱμάσκω `wallop' (`fetter'?; Del.3 409, 7; cf. Brugmann IF 29, 214). 3. ἱμαντόω `provide with ἱμάντες, i. e. bed-clothes' in ἱμαντωμένην κλίνην (H. s. πυξ\< ίνην\>; from there ἱμάντωσις (LXX, Poll.), ἱμάντωμα H. - Besides, independent of ἱμάς, but cognate with it: 1. ἱμαῖος (sc. ᾠδή), ἱμαῖον ( μέλος, ᾳ῏σμα) `song at water scooping' (Call., Tryphon, Suid.) with ἱμαοιδός (haplolog. for ἱμαιο-αοιδός) `who sings an ἱμαῖον' (Poll., H.); 2. ἱμάω `bring (water) up with a ropel (from a well)', also metaph. (Arist., Ath.), usually ἀν-, καθ-ιμάω (Ar., X.) with ἱμητήρ ( κάδος, Delos IIa), ἱμητήριος (H. s. ἱβανατρίς), ἀν-, καθ-ίμησις (Plu.); 3. ἱμονιά `well-rope' (Com., Ph., Luc. a. o.; Scheller Oxytonierung 75f.); 4. ἱμανήθρη `id.' s. v.Etymology: As secondary formation in - ντ- (Schwyzer 526, esp. Kretschmer Glotta 14, 99f.) ἱμάς supposes a noun, that is found also in ἱμάω, ἱμαῖος, so e.g. *ἱμᾱ `rope' ( ἱμαῖος from ἱμάω like δαμαῖος from δαμάζω?; cf. Chantr. Form. 48f.); beside it we find in ἱμον-ιά (as in καθ-, κατ-ιμονεύει καθίησι, καθιεῖ H., if not free formed to ἱμονιά) an ν-stem, prob. *ἱμων; thus ἱμανήθρη through *ἱμανάω, perh. *ἱμαίνω goes back on *ἱμάνη (cf. πλεκτάνη, ἀρτάνη; this seems quite doubtful, however), or *ἷμα; cf. e. g. γνώμη: γνῶμα: γνώμων. Note the changing quantity of the anlauting vowel: against length in ἱμονιά, ἱμανήθρη, καθ-ιμάω stands a short in ἱμαῖος, mostly also in ἱμάς (except Φ 544, Κ 475 a. o., cf. Schulze Q. 181, 466 n. 1) with compp. and derivv. The change cannot go back on old ablaut (as Frisl says), but it will continue * sh₁i-, which with metathesis (to * sih₁m-) gives a long, without a short vowel; see Schrijver, Laryngals in Latin 519ff, who supposes that a stressed form resulted in the long vowel. With *ἱ̄μων agrees exactly a Germ. word for `rope', e. g. OWNo. sīmi, OS sīmo m.; with deviant meaning Skt. sīmán- m. f. `skull, boundary', IE * sī-mon-, sī-men- (note that for Germ. also * seh₁i-m- is possible); formally identical are *ἱμᾱ and Skt. sīmā f. `boundary'; an m-suffix also in Irish sim `chain'. The primary verb `bind' is still seen in Indo-Iranian, Baltic and Hittite, e. g. Skt. sy-ati, si-nā́-ti, Ptz. sĭ-ta-, Lith. sienù, siẽti, Hitt. išh̯ii̯a-, 3. sg. išh̯āi. The nominal derivv. are very numerous, a. o. OHG NHG seil (uncertain hypotheses in Specht Ursprung 227). More forms Pok. 891f. - (The group ἰβάνη, ἴβανος etc. (s. v. and s. εἴβω) is rather Pre-Greek (Kuiper Μνήμης χάριν 1, 212f.).Page in Frisk: 1,724-725Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἱμάς-
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2 κόνις
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `dust, ashes' (Il.).Other forms: dat. -ι, - ειCompounds: As 1. member in κονι-ορ-τός m. `cloud of dust' (IA.), from ὄρ-νυμι with το- (diff. Pisani Ist. Lomb. 77, 558), NGr. κορνιαχτός (Hatzidakis Glotta 3, 70ff.); in the compp. κονί̄-σαλος m. ( κονίσ-σαλος, cf. below) `cloud of dust' (Il.), `the dust with oil- and sweat of a wrestler' (Gal.), also name of a priapus-like demon (com., inscr.) and a lascivious dance (H.; cf. v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 161 a. 279); in the last meaning by Fick a. o. (s. Scheller Oxytonierung 50 n. 2) considered as an independent word; κονί̄-ποδες m. pl. `kind of shoes' (Ar. Ek. 848, Poll.), name of the slaves in Epid. (Plu.; French parallels in Niedermann KZ 45, 182).Derivatives: Denomin. verb κονί̄ω, - ίομαι, fut. κονί̄σω, hell. κονιοῦμαι, aor. κονῖσαι ( κονίσσαι), perf. midd. κεκόνι(σ)μαι, also with ἐν-, δια- a. o., `cover with dust, oneself with sand' (Il.; on the formation below); κόνιμα (Delphi IIIa), - ισμα (Cythera) `dust of the wrestlers place', κόνισις `make dust, training at the wrestlers place' (Arist.), ἐνκονιστάς m. `gymnasta' (Thebes; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 174f.), κονίστρα (Arist.), κονιστήριον (Pergam. IIa) `wrestlers place', κονιστικός `welter in the dust' (Arist.). Enlarged form κονίζεσθαι κυλίεσθαι, φθείρεσθαι, κονιορτοῦσθαι H. (here also κονιοῦμαι?). Further derivv.: κόνιος `dusty' (Pi.), `creating dust' (Paus., surn. of Zeus), κονιώδης `like ashes' (Hp.). - κονία, ep. Ion. - ίη, metr. lengthened -ί̄η ( κόννα σποδός H. Aeol.?) `dust, ashes, sand' (Hom., Hes. Sc., A., E.), `alkaline fluid' (Ar., Pl., Thphr., medic.), `chalk, whitewash, gypsum' (LXX, hell.). κονιάω `smear with chalk ' (D., Arist.) with κονίαμα `id.' (Hp., D., hell.), κονίασις `whitewash' (hell. inscr.), κονιατήρ `whitewasher' (Epid. IVa), κονιατής `id.' (inscr., pap.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 36); κονιατός `whitewashed' (X., Thphr., pap.; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 17), κονιατικά ( ἔργα) `stucco-works' (pap., inscr.). Also κονιάζομαι `be covered with ashes' (Gp.).Etymology: κόνις differs from Lat. cinis, - eris m. (f.) in the o-vocalism (e: o); the s-stem seen in ciner-is and cinis-culus can also be assumed for κονίσ-σαλος, κεκόνισ-μαι, κονί̄ω \< *κονισ-ι̯ω, κονί-α \< *κονισ-α (details in Scheller Oxytonierung 49f.). The word was perhaps originally an neutr. is-(i-?)stem; s. Benveniste Origines 34, Specht Ursprung 298. The basis may hace been a lost verb meaning `scratch, plane, scour'; one also compares - κναίω.Page in Frisk: 1,911-912Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόνις
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3 ναῦς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `ship' (Il.; details on the inflection in Schwyzer 578, with Sommer Μνήμης χάριν 2, 142ff.).Other forms: (ep. Ion. νηῦς), νεώς ( νηός, νεός, Dor. ναός), νηΐ ( ναΐ), ναῦν ( νῆα, νέα), pl. νῆες ( νέες, νᾱ̃ες), νεῶν ( νηῶν, ναῶν), ναυσί ( νηυσί, νήεσσι), ναῦς ( νῆας, νέας).Compounds: Several compp., e.g. ναύ-αρχος `ship-commander' (IA.), νε-ώριον, νε-ωλκέω (s. v.); with dat. pl., e.g. ναυσί-κλυτος, - κλειτος `famous for his ship' (ep. poet. Od.; Leumann Hom. Wörter 37), ναυσί-πορος (X., Arist.) = ναύ-πορος (A., A. R.) `sailed by ships'; as 2. member a.o. in χιλιό-ναυς `consisting of thousand ships' (E., Str.); amalgamation with ία-suffix e.g. ( πεντεκαι-) δεκα-να-ΐα f. `fleet of fifteen\/ten ships' (Plb. resp. D.; Schulze Kl. Schr. 364). On ναυ-αγός, ναύ-κληρος s. v.Derivatives: A. νήϊος, Dor. νάϊος (Il.), νηΐτης (νῃ̃της?; s. Redard 12 a. 43 w. n. a. lit.; Th., A. R.) `consisting of ships, belonging to the ship'. -- B. ναύτης, Dor. - τας ( ναύστης pap. w. anal. - σ-; cf. Schwyzer 500) m. `sailer, ship-passenger', (Il.) with several derivv: 1. f. ναῦτις, - ιδος adjunct of γυναῖκες (Theopomp. Com.), ναύτρια (Ar.Fr.825; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 75; 2, 118); 2. ναυτ-εία f. `shipping' (hell. inscr. a. pap.), after στρατεία (: στρατεύω) a.o.; 3. ναυτ-ία (Arist., Aret.), Ion. ναυσίη (Semon.), `seasickness, disgust' (Scheller Oxytonierung 41) with ναυτι-ώδης `prone to seasickness, sickening' (medic., Plu.), ναυτ-ιάω `be seasick, be disgusted' (Att.; ναυτία partly backformation), - ιασμός = ναυτία (Hippiatr.); 4. ναυτ-ικός `consisting of seamen, nautical' also (referring to ναῦς) `nautical' (IA.; Chantraine Études 116ff.); 5. ναυτ-ίλος subst. m. a. adj. `shipper, seaman, nautical' (Hdt., trag.), also name of a mollusc, `paper nautilus, Argonauta argo' (Arist.; Thompson Fishes s.v.; on the formation Schwyzer 484 f., Chantraine Form. 248 f.); ναυτιλ-ία, - ίη `navigation, sea-journey' (θ 253; also connected with ναυτίλλομαι, Scheller Oxytonierung 35; cf. also Krarup Class. et Med. 10, 9), ναυτίλλομαι `be sailor, sail' (Od.); 6. Ναυτεύς m. PN (θ 112 beside πρυμνεύς; Wackernagel KZ 24, 297 = Kl. Schr. 758, Bosshardt 94). -- C. On ναῦλον and ναῦσθλον s. v.Etymology: Old IE word for `ship', which is also found in Indo-Iran., Armen., Lat., Celt., Germ. and Illyr. The original inflection is in Greek as in Skt. and in Lat. largely preserved, e.g. ναῦς = Skt. náuṣ, IE * neh₂u-s; νῆ(Ϝ)α = Skt. nā́vam (with analog. -m), Lat. nāv-em (to which nom. nāvis), IE *neh₂u̯-m̥; νῆ(Ϝ)ες = Skt. nā́vas, IE *neh₂u̯-es, νῆ(Ϝ)ας = Skt. nā́v-as, IE *neh₂u̯-n̥s etc. -- Forms from other languages: Iran., e.g. NPers. nāv, Arm. naw (iran. LW [loanword]?), Celt., e.g. OIr. nau, Germ., e.g. OWNo. nōr m., Illyr. ON Nau-na, Nau-portus. Details in Schwyzer 578, W.-Hofmann s. nāvis, Mayrhofer s. náuḥ, Wackernagel -Debrunner III 217ff. On the laryngeals Szemerenyi KZ 73, 185ff. -- Lat. LW [loanword] nauta, nausea.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ναῦς
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4 αἱμασιά
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `wall around a terrain', of stone (thus Hdt. 2, 138) or thorns (Od.), cf. αἱμοί δρυμοί. Αἰσχύλος Αἰτναίαις H.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Compared with Lat. saepes (e.g. Specht KZ 68, 124, who tries to explain p: m morphologically). Fur. 223 finds the variation in other non-IE loans, e.g. Πενέσται \/ Μ. (Schwyzer 333 Zus. 2), γέφυρα \/ Arm. kamurǰ. On the accentuation Scheller Oxytonierung 87f., on the meaning Picard Rev. Arch. 1946, 68f.Page in Frisk: 1,39Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἱμασιά
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5 ἁρμαλιά
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `ration, food' (Hes.).Other forms: Also αρμολια, - εα (Pap.), and ἄρμωλα ἀρτύματα. Άρκάδες H. Cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 388 (- ωλ- of course not old ablaut). Other glosses ἀρμόγαλα τὰ ἀρτύματα. Ταραντῖνοι (in wrong place) and ἀρμώμαλα (read - ματα?) may contain mistakes. Cf. further ἡρμαλώσατο συνέλαβεν H.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Cf. ἄρμενα `food' and 2. ἄρμα `id.' S. Scheller Oxytonierung 88 (also on - ία). On the suffix Chantr. Form. 82, Schwyzer 469, 483. The variation - αλ-, - ολ-, - ωλ- suggests a loanword.Page in Frisk: 1,143-144Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἁρμαλιά
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6 ἀρτηρία
Grammatical information: f.Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Like the semantically comparable ἀορτή (s. 2. ἀείρω) prob. to ἀείρω `bind, hang up'. On the formation Chantr. Form. 81, Scheller Oxytonierung 59.Page in Frisk: 1,155Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀρτηρία
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7 ἄχυρα
Grammatical information: n. pl.Meaning: `chaff' (Com.).Other forms: rarely sg. - ον; collective sing. ἀχυρός or ἄχυρος m. `chaff-heap'. ἄχορα· τὰ πίτῡρα `chaff'). ἔνιοι δε κρανίον H.Compounds: ἀχυροθήκη (X.)Derivatives: ἀχυρώδης (Arist.), ἀχύρινος (Plu.) etc.; ἀχυρών, - ῶνος m. `storehouse for chaff' (Delos). Verb ἀχυρόω `mix with chaff' etc. (Arist.). - Remarkable, ἀχυρμιαί f. Pl. `chaff-heap' (Ε 502, AP 9, 384, 15; also NGr., s. Scheller Oxytonierung 4ff., 85ff.; cf. also Fraenkel Glotta 32, 18); the same formation in ἀχύρμιος (Arat. 1097, of ἄμητος), or from ἀχυρμιαι?; doubtful ἀχυρμός (Ar. V. 1310; conj. by Dindorf for ἀχυρός); a form in - ιά from a noun in - μος. The form in - αί is probably an old locative; Dürbeck MSS 37, 1978, 39 - 57.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Agrees in form and meaning with ἄχνη. Further unclear; to ἄχωρ (q. v.)? Not an old r: n-stem, which would have - υν-). Improbable Petersson KZ 47, 267f. Clearly identical with ἄχορα, a gloss not mentioned in the literature. It shows that the word is Pre-Greek (Fur. 362). This explains the relation to ἄχνη: Pre-Greek has often a suffix with - ν-(η) beside the more frequent -VC-suffixes; - υρ- is well known. Wrong therefore vW. (copulative ἁ- and χέω; the combination is improbable).Page in Frisk: 1,203-204Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄχυρα
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8 βορέας
βορέας, - ουGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `north wind, north', also PN (Il.); s. Nielsen, Class. et Mediaeval. 7, 1ff.Dialectal forms: (Att.) contr. βορρᾶς, -ᾶ(s. Scheller, Oxytonierung 114), Ion. βορέης, contr. βορῆς, - έω (Ion.), Lesb. βορίαις (ι \< ε; αι for ā).Derivatives: βόρειος, Ion. βορήιος (Chantr. Form 52, Schwyzer 468: 3) `of the north wind' ; fem. also βορε(ι)άς, βορηιάς (A.).- Local ladverbs: βορέηθεν, βορρᾶθεν, βορρόθεν etc. - Denom.: βορεύω `come from the north' (Thphr.).Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [477] *gʷ(o)rH- `mountain'Etymology: Uncertain. Taken as `wind from the mountains', to a word for `mountain' seen in Skt.. girí-, Av. gairi-, Lith. gìrė `wood', OCS. gora, cf. Illyr. bora `mountain' in names (Krahe IF 57, 125ff.); s. also δειράς. So the `Υπερ-βόρεοι prop. are `those living beyond the mountains' (Pedersen KZ 36, 319). The formation, however, is unclear; s. Pedersen Cinq. décl. lat. 66, Schwyzer 461. (On wind names in - ίας Chantr. Form. 95.). Is it an IE formation?-Page in Frisk: 1,252-253Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βορέας
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9 βύβλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: The Egyptian papyrus, `Cyperus Papyrus', `its stalks, bark, roll, paper' (Hdt.).Other forms: βίβλος, βὶμβλις; Βίμβλινος (or - ινων) εἶδος οἴνου καὶ γένος ἀμπέλου ἐν Θρᾳκῃ καὶ ὁ παλαιὸς οἶνος. Ε᾽πίχαρμος δε ἀπ' ὀρῶν Βιβλίνων. ἔστι δε Θρᾳκης H.Derivatives: βύβλινος (Od.), βίβλινος (Pap.) `made of p.'; (both) also a kind of wine, s. DELG; also βίμβλινος (LSJSup.and H., s. above). βυβλιά (accent s. Wackernagel-Debrunner Phil. 95, 191f.) `plantation of p.' (Tab. Heracl.; but s. Scheller Oxytonierung 47). - βυβλίον, βιβλίον ( s. Kretschmer KZ 57, 253 A.) `paper, book' (Ion.-Att.). βιβλῑ́διον with strange long i. βίμβλις, - ιδος `cords of β.', cf. βιβλίδες τὰ βιβλία η σχοινία τὰ ἐκ βίβλου πεπλεγμένα (EM 197, 30).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The papyrusrind was supposedly called after the Phoenician harbour Byblos, from where it was brought to Greece. But as this town was Phoen. Gbl, Acc. Gublu, Hebr. Gebāl the Greek form is difficult to understand. E. Masson, Emprunts 101-7 concludes that the word is of unknown origin and the town was called after it. Objections by Hemmerdinger, Glotta 48 (1970) 253 (unclear). Therefore Alessio Studi etr. 18 (1944) 122f. assumed that the word was Pre-Gr. Furnée 364 gives evidence for υ\/ι in Pre-Greek (the forms with - ι- appears to be old, not due to late assimilation; cf. Kretchmer, KZ 57, 253). Pre-Greek origin is also strongly suggested by the prenasalised forms (hardly expressive). - Cf. πάπυρος.See also: s. βίβλος.Page in Frisk: 1,275Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βύβλος
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10 γέννα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `descent, birth' (Pi.).Derivatives: γεννάδᾱς m. `noble (of birth)' (Ar.; parodistic-ironic formation, Björck Alpha impurum 51ff.), Att. γεννήτης `member of the γ.' (Is.); γεννικός `noble' (Com., Pl.); γεννήεις `begetting' to γεννάω, s. below - Old is γενναῖος `of good origin' (Il.) with γενναιότης (E.). - Beside γέννα, γενναῖος there is γεννάω `beget, generate' (Pi.) with γέννημα (S.; γένημα after γένος) etc., γέννησις, γεννητής `begetter' (S.); γεννήτωρ (A.) and γεννητήρ (App.) `id.', γεννήτειρα (Pl.), γεννήτρια (Phryn.). - From γεννάω also γεννητικός (Arist.) and γεννήεις (Emp.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [373] *ǵenh₁- `beget'Etymology: Either γέννα was derived from γεννάω (Wackernagel KZ 30, 300 and 314) or the verb from the noun (DELG). Thus γενναῖος seems an old derivation from γέννα. It has been suggested that γενναῖος stands for *γενε̯αῖος (Schwyzer Glotta 5, 195f. (cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 114f. m. A. 1). Or γέννα has expressive gemination, which was introduced in γεννάω and γέννα (Meillet BSL 26, 15f., Chantr. Form. 46). γεννάω has been explained as a νᾱ-verb ( δάμνημι, δαμνάω), with the stem γεν-introduced from γένος - The noun in short -α supposes -i̯a \< *- ih₂; perhaps the development to - νν- is irregular (the -n- being analogically retained). - See further γίγνομαι.Page in Frisk: 1,296-297Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γέννα
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11 γέρων
γέρων, - οντοςGrammatical information: m.Derivatives: γερούσιος `concerning the elders' (Il.), γερουσία `council of the elders' (in Sparta, Carthago etc., D.), γερουσίας `member of the γ.' (Sparta), γερουσιαστής `id.' (Plb.; Chantraine 316ff.), γερουσιακός. - Demin. γερόντιον (Ar.), γερόντειος (Ar.) etc. Denom. γεροντεύω `be senator' (Sparta), with γεροντεία (Ephesos). γεροντιάω `get older' (D. L.). - Beside γέρων, γέροντ- there are a few formation with γερυ-: γέρυς and γερύτας γέρων H., (cf. πρέσβυς und πρεσβύτας). PN Γερύλος, Γέρυλλος, Γερυς, - υδος hypocoristic? (Bechtel Namenstudien 15). - Of the forms with - οι- γεροίταν πάππον. Κρῆτες H. is inverted writing for γερύταν; γεροῖα n. pl. `old stories' (Corinn.), if correct, perhaps after the adj. in - οῖος (s. Bechtel Dial. 1, 304). - Unclear is (cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 33 n. 2) γερωνία (H.), s. Latte. - γερωχία (Ar. Lys. 980) is perhaps graphic for Lak. γερω`ία (v. Fritz AmJPh 66, 196f.; but s. Wackernagel Unt. 208 n. 2; also Schwyzer 218 n. 1). - γεράτης of a horse, `old' (P.Oxy 6, 922; DELG refers to γερατία not in LSJ).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [390] *ǵerh₂- `be, become old'Etymology: Identical with Skt. járant-, Osset. zärond `old (man)'. In the RV. still ptc. to járati `make, become old' (beside jū́ryati, jī́ryati `become old'). - Cf. further Arm. cer, -oy `old man' (o-stem), NPers. zar `id.' - On the word for `corn', Lat. grānum etc., s. γίγαρτον. - Cf. γέρας, γῆρας, γραῦς.Page in Frisk: 1,301-302Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γέρων
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12 γραῦς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `old woman' (Il.); a sea-crab (Artem., H., s. Strömberg Fischnamen 95, thus also γραῖα [Epich.]); said of the scum of boiled milk (Ar.)Other forms: Gen. γρᾱός (Schwyzer 574)Derivatives: Also γραῖα (Od., also adj. `old') \< *γραῖϜα \< *γρᾱϜ-ιᾰ; coll. γραιβία η γραιτία (i. e. γραιϜία) πανήγυρις. Ταραντῖνοι H.; s. Scheller Oxytonierung 32. - And γρᾱΐς, - ίδος (Charito), Dor. γραῦις (Call.). - γραώδης `like old women' (Chrysipp.), from γραῖα: γραιολέας πονηρὰς η ὀλεθρίας γραίας H. (cf. the adj. in - όλης, but s. DELG; the translation ὀλεθρίας is folk etymology). - Denom. γραΐζω `remove the γραῦς of the milk' (Ar.); from γραῖα: γραιόομαι `get old', of wine (AP).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [390] **greh₂-i̯u- `old woman'Etymology: From the root * gerh₂- in γέρων, γέρας. Prob. \< *γρᾱ-ι̯υ- \<*greh₂-i̯u- with -ι̯υ- as in ὑύς `son' (pl. υἷες). - S. Berger Münch. Stud. z. Sprachwiss. 3, 5f.. Cf. γέρων, γέρας, γῆρας. (Does not contain * h₂oiu, αἰών with Szemerényi.)Page in Frisk: 1,324Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γραῦς
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13 δίκτυον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `net, strick' (Od.).Dialectal forms: Myc. dekutuwoko \/ dektuworgos\/Compounds: δικτυ-βόλος (AP, Opp.) beside δικτυο-βόλος (Poll.) after δικτυ-αρχέω (inscr.) with elided -o-?Derivatives: Dimin. δικτύδιον (Poll.); δικτυεύς `fisher (with a net)' (Str.) with δικτυεία `fishing' (Ael.); also δικτυΐα, s. Scheller Oxytonierung 41. - δικτυώδης `netlike' (Hp. Ep.), δικτυωτός `forming a net' (LXX); from δικτυόομαι? (LXX). PN Δίκτυς.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: From an u-stem ( δίκτυ only EM 275, 27; from the plural δίκτυα, Schwyzer 460f.) of δικεῖν `throw' (s. v.). The Myc. form has -e- as variant of -i-, which points to a Pre-Greek word (see Bader, Type Demiourgos $ 23; Chadwick, Myc. Studies Wingspread, 19-21; cf. on δίσκος); on Pre-Greek u-stems Heubeck, Praegraeca 36; to avoid this conclusion Chantraine, REG 80 (1967)1-5 assumes deiktu- for Mycenaean. So the Myc. form nicely confirms Furnée's conclusion that δικ- is Pre-Greek (s. δίσκος).Page in Frisk: 1,394-395Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δίκτυον
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14 δρόσος
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `dew', often of several fluids (Hdt., Pi.); in A. Ag. 141 (lyr., pl.) = `young animals' ( λεόντων), thus Call. Hek. 1, 2, 3; after Bechtel Lex. 139 and Benveniste BSL 45, 102 A. 1 metonymia; diff. Leumann Hom. Wörter 258 n. 11; cf. on ἕρσαι.Other forms: on the genus Schwyzer-Debrunner 32 n. 4, 34 n. 1)Derivatives: Adjectives `dewy, fluid': δροσόεις (Sapph.), δροσώδης (com.), δροσερός (E.), δροσινός (AP), δρόσιμος (Plu.; s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 98). Abstract δροσία (Orac. ap. Luk. Alex. 53, Cat. Cod. Astr., also NGr.; on the meaning Scheller Oxytonierung 54f.). - Hypocorist. δροσαλλίς name of a Bithynian wine (Gp.); s. Chantr. Form. 252. - Denomin. δροσίζω `sprinkle, make dew' (Ar.) with δροσισμός (Olymp. Alch.); δροσόομαι `be sprinkled with dew' (Anakreont.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unexplained. Older views in Bq; wrong also Sapir Lang. 15, 185. No doubt Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,419-420Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δρόσος
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15 ἑστία
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `hearth, fireplace, altar', metaph.. `house, family etc.' (Od.), also with beginning of a personification as goddess of the hearth (h. Hom., Hes. Th. 454 etc.); later identified with Lat. Vesta (Str.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἑστι-οῦχος `containing the hearth' = `domestic', `protecting the hearth' (trag. etc.); as 2. member in ἐφ-έστιος, Ion. ἐπ-ίστιος `on the hearth, belonging to...' (Β 125), ἀν-έστιος `without hearth' (Ι 63), συν-, ὁμ-έστιος etc.; on Att. - έστιος in Homer Wackernagel Unt. 9ff., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 15; diff. Solmsen Wortforsch. 214.Derivatives: Ίστιήϊα n. pl. `monetary means of a `I.-temple' (Miletos Va); ἑστιῶτις `belonging to hearth (house)' (S. Tr. 954 [lyr.]; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 208 n. 2); Έστ-ιασταί m. pl. name of the der H.-adorers (Rhod.; cf. Άπολλων-ιασταί a. o.); ἕστιος `belonging to the hearth' (Hld., after ὁμέστιος a. o.). As translation of Lat. Vesta, Vestālēs Έστιαῖον `Vesta-temple' (D. C.), Έστιάδες pl. `Vestales' (D. H., Plu.). Normal denomin. ἑστιάω, ἱστιάω (augm. εἱσ- in εἱστίων [Lys.] etc.), also with prefix, e. g. συν-, `receive at the hearth, feed, receive as guest' (Ion.-Att. Dor.) with several derivv.: ἑστί-ασις, -ᾱμα, - ασμός `entertain', ἑστιάτωρ ( ἱστ-) `host', with ἑστιατόριον ( ἱστια-, ἱστιη-), also ἑστιατήριον (after the nouns in - ήριον) `dining-room' (cf. Benveniste Noms d'agent 34 and 48); ἑστιατορία ( ἱστ-) `feast'. - Also ἑστιόομαι (E. Ion 1464 [lyr.] δῶμα) `get a hearth, be settled'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: As collective- or abstractformation in - ία (cf. esp. οἰκ-ία, κλισ-ία) ἑστία, from where secondarily ἱστία, - ίη through sound-reduction or assimilation (Schwyzer 256 and 531, Lejeune Traité de phon. 208; diff. Buck IF 25, 259 [after ἵστημι] and Solmsen l. c. [unaccented ἱ-]), presupposes a noun ἑστο-, -ᾱ v. t.. - For the etymology the question of the anlaut is decisive. Against the evidence for anlaut. Ϝ-, Ϝιστιαυ (PN, Mantineia IVa), γιστία ἐσχάρη (cod. - τη) H., which are doubted, there are dialect forms, where expected F fails; s. Solmsen Unt. 213ff. Therefore the old, still defended equation with Lat. Vesta is uncertain. Another explanation has not been found: to ἐσχάρα (Solmsen l.c.), Lat. sīdus (Ehrlich KZ 41, 289ff.), ἕζομαι (Bq; with ἱστία after ἵζω?), Slav. jestěja `hearth' (Machek Lingua posnan. 5, 59ff.). - See Bq and W.-Hofmann s. Vesta; also Schwyzer 58 and 227 w. n. 1, Scheller Oxytonierung 60, Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 237, Benveniste BSL 44, 53. On Έστία in gen. Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 337f., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 156ff. - As the wau is improbable, the old etymology is prob. incorrect; also ε \> ι is unusual, unexpected, whereas ε\/ι in Pre-Greek is frequent; so there are two serious problems. The conclusion must be that the word is of Pre-Greek origin. Cf. Furnée, 358 A 2.Page in Frisk: 1,576-577Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑστία
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16 ἔσχατος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `the uttermost, last' (Il.).Compounds: Rarely in compp. like ἐσχατό-γηρως (- ος) `in the last age' (hell.), παρ-έσχατος `the last but one' (Ph.).Derivatives: ἐσχατιά, - ιή `uttermost part, frontier, extreme position' (Ion.Hes., Att.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 81f. (Tenos; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 9); poet. enlargement ἐσχάτιος (Nic.). Denomin. verbs. ἐσχατάω `be the uttermost, the last', only in ptc. ἐσχατάων, - όων (Il.; cf. Shipp Studies 62). ἐσχατεύω `id.' (Arist.). ἐσχατίζω `come too late' (LXX).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [292] *h₁eǵʰs `out'Etymology: Adjectival deriv. of ἐξ, but in detail unclear. The opposite ἔγ-κατα, to ἐν, presupposes a formation *ἔξ-κατος; the tenuis aspirata χ then requires as protoform *ἔχσ-κατος, what seems to give for ἐξ an IE basis *eǵʰs; but note in older alphabets the notation χσ = ξ (Schwyzer 210), which suggests aspiration of a velar before σ. - The suffix - κατος would have a velar element (cf. πρό-κα, Lat. reci-pro-cus; *ἐχσ-κο- `what is outside') and a dental ( μέσ(σ)-ατος, τρίτ-ατος a. o.). Wackernagel KZ 33, 40f. = Kl. Schr. 1, 719f., Leumann Hom. Wörter 158 n. 1. On the phonetics also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 29ff.Page in Frisk: 1,578Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔσχατος
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17 θάλαμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `inside room at the back of a house' (as opposed to μέγαρον, δῶμα), as room for women and sleepingroom, also as room for provisions (Il.; on the meaning Wace JournofHellStud. 71, 203ff.), in mariners' language `the lowest deck of a ship' (Timae., Poll.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in θαλαμη-πόλος f., late m. `lady's-maid, -servant; eunuch' (Od.; - η- rhythmically conditioned, Schwyzer 438f.). - θαλάμη f. `lair, den, cavity of the body' (ε 432, E., Hp., Arist.), as nautical term = θάλαμος (Luc.): on θάλαμος θάλαμος - μη Porzig Satzinhalte 284.Derivatives: θαλαμιά `rowers shutter on the lowest deck of the ship' (Hdt. 5, 33), also `the oar at this deck' (Ar. Ach. 533, inscr.); cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 129, on the meaning Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 125ff.; with θαλαμίας m. `the rower in the θάλαμος or in the θαλαμιά' (Th. 4, 32, App., Them.), with this meaning also θαλάμᾱξ (Ar. Ra. 1074; Schwyzer 497, Chantraine Formation 381) and θαλαμίτης (sch. ad loc.). From θάλαμος still the rare θαλαμήϊος (Hes. Op. 807, A. R.), θαλαμαῖος (Ph.), θαλαμίς (An. Ox.) and the denominative θαλαμεύομαι, - εύω `being brought into the θάλαμος, take as wife' (Ph., Hld. u. a.) with θαλαμεύτρια = νυμφεύτρια (Poll.); θαλάμευμα = θάλαμος E. Ba. 120 (lyr.), cf. Chantraine Formation 185; θαλαμευτός (Tim. Pers. 245).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: reminds of θόλος (s. v.), further unknown; Pre-Greek origin is quite possible. Acc. to E. Maaß RhM 77, 1ff. also to θάλος, θαλλός; well-founded doubts in Wahrmann Glotta 19, 213. Pelasgian etymology in v. Windekens Le Pélasgique 88f.; diff. Haas Jb. f. kleinas. Forsch. 3, 129ff. - [Not to ὀφθαλμός, s. v.]- The structure of the word (CαC-αC-) is typically Pre-Greek; it can be cognate with θόλος (Fur. 342).Page in Frisk: 1,648Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θάλαμος
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18 θάλλω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: aor. 2 ἔθᾱ̆λον (h. Hom. 19, 33, hell.), perf. with pres. meaning τέθηλα, Aeol. Dor. τέθᾱλα (Il.); later forms aor. 1 ἀν-έθηλα (Ael.), fut. ἀνα-θᾰλήσομαι (AP),Compounds: also with prefix ( ἀνα- a. o.)Derivatives: 1. From the root aorist: θάλος n. `sprout', only metaph. (Il.) with ἀμφι-θαλής `surrounded by θάλος (θάλεα), rich' (Χ 496; also to θαλεῖν); adj. f. θάλεια `flowering, rich' (Il.; on the accent cf. ἐλάχεια, s. ἐλαχύς), m. n. *θαλύς, -ύ only in gen. pl. θαλέων (Χ 504); for it (Il.) θαλερός (as γλυκερός to γλυκύς). θαλία, - ίη `flower, abundance', pl. `feast' (Il., Hdt.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 39 w. diff. analysis) with θαλιάζω `amuse oneself' (Plu.). PN Θάλης (- ῆς), gen. Θάλεω, Θάλητος etc.. (Schwyzer 461f.). On θαλύσια s. v. 2. From the present: θαλλός m. `green twig, esp. of the olive, sprout', also `(festive) gift' (ρ 224) with θαλλία f. sg. `foliage' (Thphr.), θαλλία n. pl. `gifts' (pap.), θάλλῐνος `consisting of θαλλοι' (Rhodes). Θαλλώ f. `goddess of Growth' (Iusi. ap. Lykurg. 77, Paus. 9, 35, 2). - Sec. presents. 1. to the root aorist: θᾰλ-έθω (Il.; s. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 327, Shipp Studies 39). 2. to the perfect: θηλέω, θᾱλέω, aor. θηλῆσαι, θᾱλ- (Il.) with ἐρι-θηλής `richly growing' (Il., Hes.) etc. (but ἐριθαλίς εἶδος δένδρου H., erithales n. Plin. to θάλος). From θηλέω lengthened: τηλεθάω, old only Ptc. τηλεθάων (Il.; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 359).Etymology: A certain agreement to this richly developped family only in Albanian and Armenian with the present Alb. dal `sprout' \< IE * dhal-nō, which can even be identical with θάλλω (*θαλ-ι̯ω is also possible; cf. on βάλλω), the aor. dol(l)a (IE * dhāl- as τέ-θᾱλ-α) and Arm. adj. dalar `green, fresh', which one compares with θαλερός. Celtic and - even more - Germanic material can better remain apart; s. Pok. 234; also Mann Lang. 26, 380; 28, 36.Page in Frisk: 1,649-650Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θάλλω
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19 θεοπρόπος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `fortune-teller, seer', also adj. `prophetic'Derivatives: θεοπροπέω (only ptc.) `prophesy' and θεοπρόπιον, - ία `prophecy, oracle' (Il.; on - ιον, - ία Scheller Oxytonierung 30f.).Etymology: Prob. with Bechtel Lex. s. v. after Buttmann from θεός and πρέπειν as "the one who appears from god"; diff. Runes IF 50, 272). Not with L. Meyer KZ 22, 54ff. a. o. (to Lat. precor, procus) or Bonfante Ist. Lomb. 65, 66ff. (to Lat. reciprocus).Page in Frisk: 1,662Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θεοπρόπος
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20 θυεία
Grammatical information: f.Dialectal forms: Myc. tuweta \/thuestās\/Derivatives: Diminut. θυ(ε)ίδιον (Ar.); with backformation θυΐς, - ίδος f. (Damokr. ap. Gal.)? - Beside it θυέστης m. `pestle' (Dionys. Trag.).Etymology: Formation like ἐγχείη (: ἔγχος) a. o.; so \< *θυεσ-ίᾱ as ία-deriv. from θύος `burnt sacrifice' (Solmsen Wortf. 250 n.); cf. the concrete words in - ία, esp. names of vases like ὑδρία, ἀντλία, in Scheller Oxytonierung 48ff. From the meaning `vase for pounding the incense' developed through generalization resp. specialization `mortar' and `oil-press' (the development of the meaning is rather strange). - θυεῖον like ἀγγεῖον. - The pestle, θυέσ-της (s. Chantraine Formation 312f.), was conceived quite personally. - Wrong Persson Stud. 204 n. 1 (s. Bq).Page in Frisk: 1,690Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θυεία
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