ˈage-old

παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)

παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)

παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres part act masc nom sg (doric aeolic)

παραγηρᾶ̱ν, παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres inf act (epic doric)

παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres inf act (attic doric)

παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)

παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)

παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres part act masc nom sg (doric aeolic)

παραγηρᾶ̱ν, παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres inf act (epic doric)

παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres inf act (attic doric)

παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)

παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)

παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres part act masc nom sg (doric aeolic)

παραγηρᾶ̱ν, παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres inf act (epic doric)

παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres inf act (attic doric)

παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)

παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)

παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres part act masc nom sg (doric aeolic)

παραγηρᾶ̱ν, παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres inf act (epic doric)

παραγηράω

to be the worse for old age: pres inf act (attic doric)

γήρᾱ, γῆρας

old age: neut nom /voc /acc pl

γήρᾱ, γῆρας

old age: neut nom /voc /acc dual

γήρᾱ, γῆρος

neut nom /voc /acc pl (doric aeolic)

γήρᾱ, γηράσκω

grow old: pres imperat act 2nd sg

γήρᾱ, γηράσκω

grow old: imperf ind act 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

γήρᾱ, γηράω

grow old: pres imperat act 2nd sg

γήρᾱ, γηράω

grow old: imperf ind act 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

γήραϊ, γῆρας

old age: neut dat sg

γήραι, γῆρας

old age: neut dat sg

-ῶνος ⁺ ὁ N 3 25-72-74-348-231=750 Gn 3,22; 6,3.4; 13,15; Ex 12,24

often stereotypical rendition of עולם; lifetime, life Tob^S 14,7; age, generation 1 Ezr 4,40; long space of time, age Ezr 4,15; eternity Tob^S 14,6; world? Wis 14,6; αἰῶνες the ages, eternity Tob 13,4

ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος of old Gn 6,4; ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰῶνος καὶ ἕως τοῦ αἰῶνος from age to age 1 Chr 16,36; δι᾽αἰῶνος

for ever Dt 12,28; εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα for ever Gn 3,22; ἐξ αἰῶνος καὶ ἕως αἰῶνος of old or from long ago and forever Jer 7,7; εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα χρόνον for ever Jdt 15,10; εἰς αἰῶνα αἰῶνος for ever and ever Ps 18(19),10; ἕως (τοῦ) αἰῶνος for ever Gn 13,15; ἕως αἰῶνος οὐκ never, not ever Ps 48(49),20; πρὸ τῶν αἰώνων from eternity Ps 54(55),20; τὸν αἰῶνα Ai‛on, a cosmic deity? or the world? Wis 13,9

*Is 17,2 καταλελειμμένη εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα abandoned for ever-עד עזבת for MT ערי עזבות deserted cities of;

*Is 19,20 εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα for ever-ָלַעד for MT ְלֵעד as a witness; *Ez 32,27 ἀπὸ αἰῶνος of old-מעולם for MT מערלים of the un-circumcised; *Ps 47(48),9 εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα forever -עלמות for MT על־מות unto death; *Ps 89(90),8 ὁ αἰὼν ἡμῶν our age-עלמינו עולם for MT עלמנו עלם our hidden things, secret sins; *Jb 19,18 εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα for ever-עולם for MT עוילים young children; *Est 9,32 εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα onwards, for ever- האָָהְל for MT הלָּהֵאֶ these

Cf. GILBERT 1973 34-35(Wis 13,9); LARCHER 1985 771-772(Wis 13,9; 14,9); LE BOULLUEC 1989

176(Ex 15,18); PIETERSMA 1997, 188; SCHAPER 1995, 54-57; WOSCHITZ 1988, 52-54; →NIDNTT; TWNT

ἧλιξ maar

Grammatical information: m. f.

Meaning: `of the same age, as old' (σ 373).

Other forms: Dor. ἇλιξ

Compounds: As 2. member in παν-αφ-ῆλιξ `completely without companions of his own age' (X 490). Mostly only as age-indication, e. g. ὁμ-ῆλιξ `of the same age' (Il.;with ὁμηλικ-ίη `the same age, those of the same age' (Il.), ἀφ-ῆλιξ, Ion. ἀπ- `beyond youth', `elderly' (h. Cer. 140), but also `youthly' (Phryn. Com.).

Derivatives: Abstract ἡλικία, - ίη `group of the same age' (Π 808) cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 206f., 273 and Ω 487), `manhood'; with ἡλικιώτης, f. - τις `of the same age' (IA.), Cret. Ϝαλικιώτας ( β-της cod.) συνέφηβος H. - On ἧλιξ, ἡλικία s. esp. Chantraine Et. sur le vocab. gr. 155ff.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [882] * sueh₂-lik- `as old'

Etymology: Cret. Ϝαλικιώτας points to original *σϜᾱλιξ, from IE reflexive *su̯e (in Fhe, s. ἕ, ἑ) with the same suffix, as in ἡλίκος, τηλίκος, πηλίκος (s. vv.); cf. Chantraine op. cit. 152ff.). So prop. "who has the same (age)". Cf. Skt. sva-ka- `relative, friend' and ἔτης; also ἀέλιοι; s. vv.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `the old, aged one' (poet. Pi., trag.), `president' (Sparta); pl. πρέσβεις most `ambassador, messenger' (Att., Dor. inscr.); besides πρεσβ-ῆες (Hes. Sc. 245), - εῦσιν (Lyc.), du. -ῆ (Att.); cf. below on πρεσβεύω.

Other forms: Gen. (rare) - εως, - εος, acc. - υν, voc. -υ.

Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in πρεσβυ-γενής `first-born' (A 249 a.o.).

Derivatives: 1. Comp. forms: πρεσβύ-τερος (with - τέριον `council of elders' [N.T.]), - τατος `old, venerable, the eldest, most venerable' (Il.); also πρέσβιστος `most venerable' (h. Hom., A., S. a.o.) after κράτιστος, κύδιστος, with the cross πρεσβίστ-ατος (Nic.). 2. Feminins: πρέσβα ( θεά) `the venerable', of Hera a.o. (ep. Il.), after πότνα ( θεά)?; πρέσβεα ( μήτηρ; poet. inscr. from Caria II-I^a), metr. cond.; πρέσβειρα ( θεῶν a.o.; h. Ven. etc.), after πίειρα, - άνειρα a.o.; πρεσβηΐς ( τιμή h. Hom.), after βασιληΐς a.o., cf. πρεσβῆες above. 3. πρεσβ-ήϊον n. `gift of honour' (Θ 289), - εῖον `privilege (of age)' (Att., hell.). 4. - εία f. `right, privilege (of age)' (A., Pl.), usu. `embassy' (Att.; to πρεσβεύω). 5. πρεσβύ̄της m. `the old, aged one', enlargement of πρέσβυς after πολίτης a.o. (not with Fraenkel Glotta 34, 301 ff. innovation to πρεσβῦτις; IA.) with f. - ῦτις, adj. - υτικός `senile' (Att. etc.). 6. πρεσβῠ́της, - ητος f., Dor. - τας. - τατος `(higher) age' (inscr. Messene I<sup>a</sup> [completed] a.o.; after νεότης). 7. πρέσβις f. `age, rank', only in κατὰ πρέσβιν (h. Merc., Pl. a.o.); after κατὰ τάξιν a.o. 8. πρέσβος n. `(object of) veneration', after κῦδος, κράτος a.o. 9. πρεσβ-εύω `to be the eldest, to have precedence, to be ambassador', trans. `to attend, venerate like a πρέσβυς', midd. `to send ambassadors', also w. παρα-, συν-, ἀπο- a.o., with - ευτής m. `ambassador, messenger' (Att.; as singulative to πρέσβεις). - ευτικός, - εύτειρα, - ευτεύω, - ευμα, - ευσις; partly also πρεσβεία (s. ab. 4) and, as backformation, πρεσβεῦσιν dat. pl. (Lyc.; s. ab.; cf. Bosshardt 63). -- 10. Shortnames like Πρέσβων (to πρέσβειρα after πέπειρα: πέπων? Fraenkel KZ 43, 216 n.2). Πρέσβος a.o., s. Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 385. -- On the diff. writings and formations s. Lejeune Mém. de phil. myc. 239ff.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [812] * pres-gʷeu- `who goes in front'

Etymology: Beside the above forms stand in Doric, esp. in Crete, and in Northwestgr. several byforms with γ for β and changing initial syllable: πρεῖγυς, πρείγιστος with comp. πρείγων, πρειγ-εύω with - ευτάς, -ήϊα, - εία; also πρείγα f. `council of elders' (Locris); πρεσγευτάς, πρεγγ-; later πρήγιστος with (Cos) - ιστεύω; πρεσγέα = πρεσβεία (Argos), πρισγε(ι)ες (Boeot.); also σπέργυς πρέσβυς and πέργουν πρέσβεις H. Common basis prob. πρεσγ- (with voiced σ; cf. πρεζβευτάς Delphi); from there through phonetical, in detail uncertain developments the other forms, s. Schwyzer 276, Seiler Steigerungsformen 59, Thumb-Kieckers 158, Kapsomenos Glotta 40, 46ff., Masson Glotta 41, 65ff., Lejeune l.c. (with rejection of Mycenaean interpretations). -- From the interchange β: γ follows an orig. IE labiovelar gʷ; the preceding syllable, prob. to be taken as the 1. member of a compound, contains as is generally assumed a frozen adverb πρές `in front' (s. πρός). The final syllable resp. the final member is debated. By Bezzenberger BB 4, 345, Bloomfield AmJPh 29, 79 ff. compared with Skt. puro-gavá- `leader', of which the 2. member is derived both from gaúḥ = βοῦς (so prop. *"leading bull"), as, and on better grounds, from a word for `go' (in βαίνω, βῆναι resp. Skt. jávate `run') (so prop. *"who goes in fromt"). Thus a.o. Fraenkel Glotta 32, 17 u. 34, 301 ff., who wants to explain also Lith. žmogùs `man' in this way (prop. "going on earth"; s. also Wb. s.v. w. lit.); on the Skt. word esp Mayrhofer s. puráḥ. -- Very temptong is the connection with Arm. erēc̣, gen. eric̣u `elder, priest' (Meillet in Lejeune op. cit. 240 n. 9), of which the ē prob. continues a diphthong ei or oi (IE * preisgʷu-?) and usu. connected with Lat. prīscus. Cf. on μεσσηγύς: the second member continues a root * gʷeu-, a variant of * gʷem-.

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `gift of honour' (Il.); orig. `old age', s. γῆρας.

Dialectal forms: Myc. kera \/ geras\/.

Compounds: Komp. ἀ-γέρασ-τος `without gift of honour' (Il.)

Derivatives: γεραιός `old' (Il., accent as in παλαιός); γεράσμιος `honouring, -ed, aged' (h. Merc., vgl. Schwyzer 493 n. 10); denomin. γεράζω `honour' (EM). - Beside γέρας: γεραρός `honourable' (Il.; hardly old r-stem with Benveniste Origines 16; diff. Schwyzer 516), fem. γέραιρα (Il. [v. l.], s. Bechtel Lex.); γεραίρω `honour, distinguish' (Il.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [390] *ǵerh₂- `old'

Etymology: Cf. Skt. jarás- (f.?) `old age'. - Cognate γέρων, γῆρας, γραῦς, s. vv. S. also γεργέριμος.

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εὐγηρίᾱ, εὐγηρία

green old age: fem nom /voc /acc dual

εὐγηρίᾱ, εὐγηρία

green old age: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)

εὐγηρίᾱͅ, εὐγηρία

green old age: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

τηλῐκόσδε, ήδε, όνδε, and [full] τηλῐκοῦτος, αύτη, οῦτον (also τηλικοῦτος as fem., S.OC 751, El. 614; and - οῦτο in neut., Alex.244), strengthd. forms of τηλίκος (as ὅδε, οὗτος of ὁ, τημοῦτος of τῆμος,

A v. οὗτος A); the latter being more common in Prose:

I of persons, of such an age, usu. meaning so old, with a part.,

τηλικόσδ' ὤν E.Alc. 643

, cf. Pl.Ap. 34e, etc.;

γεγῶσα τηλικήδ' ὅμως E.Fr. 533

;

τηλικοῦτος ὤν Ar.Eq. 881

, Antiph.261, Pl.Grg. 489b, etc.: without part., τηλικόσδε, τηλικοῦτος, S.OC 735, El. 614; νοῦς τηλικοῦτος the mind of one so old as he is, Id.Ant. 767;

τηλικῷδε ἀνθρώπῳ Pl.Ap. 37d

: pleonast.,

τηλικοίδε γέροντες ἄνδρες Id.Cri. 49a

(s.v.l.): with Art.,

διδάσκεσθαι βαρὺ τῷ τηλικούτῳ A.Ag. 1620

, v. infr. 3.

2 of degrees of youth, so young, τηλικάσδ' ὁρῶν πάντων ἐρήμους girls of so tender age, S. OT 1508, cf. OC 1116; ἀεί σε κηδεύουσα.. τηλικοῦτος ib. 751;

ὃν εἰ τηλικοῦτον ὄντα ἀπεκτείνατε.. Lys.14.16

, cf. Pl.R. 378d, Prt. 361e.

3 repeated in opp. senses, οἱ τηλικοίδε καὶ διδαξόμεσθα δὴ φρονεῖν ὑπ' ἀνδρὸς τηλικοῦδε τὴν φύσιν; shall we old as we are take lessons forsooth from one so young? S.Ant. 726; σὺ ἐμοῦ σοφώτερος εἶ τηλικούτου ὄντος τηλικόσδε ὤν you though so young are wiser than I though so old, Pl.Ap. 25d.

II so great, so large, = τόσος, τοσόσδε, ἐμὲ τηλικόνδε ὄντα the size I am, Id.Tht. 155b;

τ. κακά Lyc.819

, cf. Ath.9.380d; τὰ τ. Pl.Ax. 370c: mostly in the stronger form, ἡ τηλικαύτη [πόλις] Id.R. 423b; ἀνὴρ τ. ὤν being so great, X.HG6.4.31; ἡ τ. ἀρχή, τ. ἔχθρα, Pl.Lg. 755b, 928e; τ. κακά, τ. ἀγαθόν, X.Mem.2.1.5, 4.4.8; τ. [ἀδικήματα] D.18.13;

τ. τιμωρίαι Aeschin.1.173

;

πεπραγμένα τ. τὸ μέγεθος Isoc.5.151

, cf. 98;

τηλικαύτην βλάβην PCair.Zen.378.11

(iii B.C.):— τηλικοῦτος is freq. conjoined with τοιοῦτος and τοσοῦτος, νησύδρια τοιαῦτα καὶ τ. so small, Isoc.12.70;

τ. καὶ τοιοῦτον σύστημα Pl.Lg. 686b

;

τ. καὶ τοσοῦτος θεός Id.Smp. 177a

;

τοσοῦτοι καὶ τ. θόρυβοι Aeschin.1.174

;

τ. καὶ τοσαῦτ' ἀγαθά D.19.24

;

οἱ τ. καὶ τοιοῦτοι τῷ γένει Men.Epit. 120

.

γῆρας

old age: neut gen pl (doric aeolic)

γηράσκω

grow old: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)

γηράσκω

grow old: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)

γηράσκω

grow old: pres part act masc nom sg (doric aeolic)

γηρᾶ̱ν, γηράσκω

grow old: pres inf act (epic doric)

γηράσκω

grow old: pres inf act (attic doric)

γηράω

grow old: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)

γηράω

grow old: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)

γηράω

grow old: pres part act masc nom sg (doric aeolic)

γηρᾶ̱ν, γηράω

grow old: pres inf act (epic doric)

γηράω

grow old: pres inf act (attic doric)

γηράσκω

grow old: pres inf act

γηράω

grow old: pres inf act

ἡλῐκί-α, [dialect] Ion. - ίη, [dialect] Dor. [full] ἁλικία, ἡ, ([etym.] ἧλιξ)

A time of life, age,

ἤν πως ἡλικίην αἰδέσσεται ἠδ' ἐλεήσῃ γῆρας Il.22.419

;

γηραιὸν μέρος ἁλικίας Pi.P.4.157

;

παρὰ τὸν ἁλικίας ἐοικότα χρόνον Id.O.4.29

; τήνδ' ἡ. ἀστῶν, i.e. their old age, A.Pers. 914: acc. used adverbially, in age,

νέος ἡλικίην Hdt.3.134

;

ἐτέων ἐὼν ἡλικίην πέντε καὶ τριήκοντα Id.1.26

, cf. X.Cyn.2.3: so in dat.,

ἡλικίᾳ ἔτι τότε ὢν νέος Th.5.43

; προεληλυθότες ταῖς ἡ. X.HG6.1.4; also ὑπὸ τῆς ἡ. from our age, Pl.La. 180d;

αἱ δι' ἡλικίαν ἄτοκοι Id.Tht. 149c

; οἱ ἐν τῇ αὐτῆ ἡ. Th.1.80; τὸ ἀχρεῖον τῆς ἡ. Id.2.44; ὅταν.. τοῦ γεννᾶν ἐκβῶσι τὴν ἡ. Pl.R. 461b; πόρρω τῆς ἡ. to an advanced age, Id.Grg. 484c; προήκων ἐς βαθὺ τῆς ἡ. Ar. Nu. 514; προϊούσης τῆς ἡ, Pl.Phdr. 279a; ὁ παρ' ἡλικίαν νοῦς beyond one's age, Men.Mon. 690: in pl., ἐν ἁπάσαις ταῖς ἡ. Pl.R. 412e, cf. Lg. 625b, al.

2 prime of life, manhood,

ἐν ἁλικίᾳ πρώτᾳ Pi.N.9.42

;

αὐτὴ ἡ ἡ. τῶν νέων κατέκρινε Antipho 4.4.2

; ἡλικίαν ἔχειν, εἰς ἡ. ἐλθεῖν, ἀφικέσθαι, Pl.Euthd. 306d, Tht. 142d, Men. 89b; ἡλικίην ἔχειν c. inf., to be of fit age for doing, Hdt.1.209, cf. Pl.Tht. 146b;

ἡλικίας μετέχειν Th.7.60

; οἱ ἐν τῇ ἡλικίᾳ men of military age, Id.8.75;

ἐν ἡλικίᾳ στρατεύεσθαι D.4.7

;

ἐστρατευμένος ἁπάσας τὰς ἐν ἡλικίᾳ στρατείας Id.21.95

;

οἱ τῆς ἡ. ἐντὸς γεγονότες Lys.2.50

; ἡ καθεστηκυῖα ἡ. maturity, Th.2.36, cf. IG12(7).239.21 ([place name] Amorgos); of women, womanhood, marriageable age, Hp.Prorrh.2.30, D.59.22;

αἱ ἐν ἡ. γυναῖκες Pl.R. 461b

;

τὴν ἡλικίαν τὴν ἑαντοῦ καταμεμψάμενος Is.7.14

: in pl.,

οἱ ταῖς ἡ. οὐ καλῶς κεχρημένοι Aeschin.1.194

.

3 youthful passion,

ἡλικίῃ καὶ θυμῷ ἐπιτρέπειν Hdt.3.36

;

εἴκειν Id.7.18

.

4 maidenhood,

τὴν ἡ. οὐ καλῶς διαφυλάξασαν Aeschin.1.182

.

II as collective Noun,= οἱ ἥλικες, those of the same age, comrades,

ὃς ἡλικίην ἐκέκαστο ἔγχεϊ Il.16.808

, cf. Pi.P.1.74; esp. those of military age,

τῆς ἡ. ἀπούσης ἐν ταῖς ναυσί Lys.2.49

, cf. Th.3.67, 8.1, etc.; also, men of any age, παίδων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν καὶ πάσης ἡ. Pl.Lg. 959e.

III time, ταῦτα ἡλικίην ἂν εἴη κατὰ Λάϊον about the time of Laius, Hdt.5.59, cf. 60, 71;

ἡ. τετρακοσίοισι ἔτεσι.. πρεσβυτέρους Id.2.53

.

IV age, generation, ἐπὶ τῆς νῦν ἡ. Isoc.4.167; πρὸ τῆς ἡμετέρας ἡ. Din. 1.38; εἰς τὴν νῦν ζῶσαν ἡ. D.60.11; πολλαῖς ἔμπροσθεν ἡ. Plu.Per. 27, cf. D.L.5.37.

V of the body, stature, as a sign of age, Hdt. 3.16, Pl.Euthd. 271b, D.40.56;

τῇ ἡ. μικρός Ev.Luc.19.3

(but προσθεῖναι ἐπὶ τὴν ἡ. πῆχυν ἕνα add a cubit to one's age (cf. πήχυιος), Ev.Matt.6.27); ἄνδρας ἡμισταδιαίους τὰς ἡ. Luc.VH1.40; height of a pillar, Id.Syr.D.28.

αἰών, ῶνος, ὁ (Hom.+; gener. ‘an extended period of time’, in var. senses)

① a long period of time, without ref. to beginning or end,

ⓐ of time gone by, the past, earliest times, readily suggesting a venerable or awesome eld οἱ ἅγιοι ἀπʼ αἰῶνος προφῆται the holy prophets fr. time immemorial (cp. Hes., Theog. 609; Περὶ ὕψους 34, 4 τοὺς ἀπʼ αἰ. ῥήτορας; Cass. Dio 63, 20 τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰ. Ῥωμαίων; IMagnMai 180, 4; SIG index; Gen 6:4; Tob 4:12; Sir 14:17; 51:8; En 14:1; 99:14; Jos., Bell. 1, 12; Just., D. 11, 1) Lk 1:70; Ac 3:21; make known from of old Ac 15:18; πρὸ παντὸς τ. αἰ. before time began Jd 25a (for the combination with πᾶς cp. Sallust. 20 p. 36, 5 τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα=through all eternity); pl. πρὸ τῶν αἰ. 1 Cor 2:7 (cp. Ps 54:20 θεὸς ὁ ὑπάρχων πρὸ τῶν αἰ. [PGM 4, 3067 ἀπὸ τ. ἱερῶν αἰώνων]); ἐξ αἰ. since the beginning D 16:4 (Diod S 1, 6, 3; 3, 20, 2; 4, 83, 3; 5, 2, 3; Sext. Emp., Math. 9, 62; OGI 669, 61; Philo, Somn. 1, 19; Jos., Bell. 5, 442; Sir 1:4; SibOr Fgm. 1, 16 of God μόνος εἰς αἰῶνα κ. ἐξ αἰῶνος). W. neg. foll. ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος οὐκ ἠκούσθη never has it been heard J 9:32.

ⓑ of time to come which, if it has no end, is also known as eternity (so commonly in Gk. lit. Pla. et al.); εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα (since Isocr. 10, 62, also Diod S 1, 56, 1 εἰς τ. αἰ.=εἰς ἅπαντα τ. χρόνον; 4, 1, 4; SIG 814, 49 and OGI index VIII; POxy 41, 30=‘Long live the Caesars’; PGM 8, 33; 4, 1051 [εἰς αἰ.]; LXX; En 12:6; 102:3; PsSol 2:34, 37; ParJer 8:5; JosAs 15:3 εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα χρόνον 4:10 al. Jos., Ant. 7, 356 [εἰς αἰ.]) to eternity, eternally, in perpetuity: live J 6:51, 58; B 6:3; remain J 8:35ab; 12:34; 2 Cor 9:9 (Ps. 111:9); 1 Pt 1:23 v.l., 25 (Is 40:8); 1J 2:17; 2J 2; be with someone J 14:16. Be priest Hb 5:6; 6:20; 7:17, 21, 24, 28 (each Ps 109:4). Darkness reserved Jd 13. W. neg.=never, not at all, never again (Ps 124:1; Ezk 27:36 al.) Mt 21:19; Mk 3:29; 11:14; 1 Cor 8:13. ἕως αἰῶνος (LXX) 1 Cl 10:4 (Gen 13:15); Hv 2, 3, 3; Hs 9, 24, 4. In Johannine usage the term is used formulaically without emphasis on eternity (Lackeit [s. 4 below] 32f): never again thirst J 4:14; never see death 8:51f; cp. 11:26; never be lost 10:28; never (= by no means) 13:8. εἰς τὸν αἰ. τοῦ αἰῶνος (Ps 44:18; 82:18 al.) Hb 1:8 (Ps 44:7). ἕως αἰῶνος (LXX; PsSol 18:11) Lk 1:55 v.l. (for εἰς τὸν αἰ.); εἰς ἡμέραν αἰῶνος 2 Pt 3:18.—The pl. is also used (Emped., Fgm. 129, 6 αἰῶνες=generations; Theocr. 16, 43 μακροὺς αἰῶνας=long periods of time; Philod. περὶ θεῶν 3 Fgm. 84; Sext. Emp., Phys. 1, 62 εἰς αἰῶνας διαμένει; SibOr 3, 767; LXX, En; TestAbr B 7 p. 112, 3 [Stone p. 72].—B-D-F §141, 1), esp. in doxologies: εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας (Ps 60:5; 76:8) Mt 6:13 v.l.; Lk 1:33 (cp. Wsd 3:8); Hb 13:8. εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰ. (Tob 13:4; Da 3:52b; En 9:4; SibOr 3, 50) Jd 25b. εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας to all eternity (cp. Ps 88:53) Ro 1:25; 9:5; 2 Cor 11:31. αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰ. Ro 11:36; ᾧ κτλ. 16:27 (v.l. αὐτῷ). τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰ. 1 Pt 5:11; more fully εἰς τοὺς αἰ. τῶν αἰώνων (Ps 83:5; GrBar 17:4; PGM 4, 1038; 22b, 15) for evermore in doxologies Ro 16:27 v.l.; Gal 1:5; Phil 4:20; 1 Ti 1:17; 2 Ti 4:18; Hb 13:21; 1 Pt 4:11; 5:11 v.l.; Rv 1:6, 18; 5:13; 7:12; 11:15 al. 1 Cl 20:12; 32:4; 38:4; 43:6; εἰς πάσας τὰς γενεὰς τοῦ αἰῶνος τῶν αἰ. Eph 3:21 (cp. Tob 1:4; 13:12; En 103:4; 104:5). Of God ὁ ζῶν εἰς τοὺς αἰ. (cp. Tob 13:2; Sir 18:1; Da 6:27 Theod.) Rv 4:9f; 10:6; 15:7; formulaically= eternal 14:11; 19:3; 20:10; 22:5.—κατὰ πρόθεσιν τῶν αἰώνων according to the eternal purpose Eph 3:11. All-inclusive ἀπὸ αἰώνων καὶ εἰς τ. αἰῶνας from (past) eternity to (future) eternity B 18:2 (cp. Ps 40:14 and Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 7, 401a, 16 ἐξ αἰῶνος ἀτέρμονος εἰς ἕτερον αἰῶνα; M. Ant. 9, 28, 1 ἐξ αἰῶνος εἰς αἰῶνα; SibOr Fgm. 1, 16 of God μόνος εἰς αἰῶνα κ. ἐξ αἰῶνος).

② a segment of time as a particular unit of history, age

ⓐ ὁ αἰὼν οὗτος (הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה) the present age (nearing its end) (Orig., C. Cels. 1, 13, 15, in ref. to 1 Cor 3:18; s. Bousset, Rel. 243ff; Dalman, Worte 120ff; Schürer II 537f; NMessel, D. Einheitlichkeit d. jüd. Eschatol. 1915, 44–60) contrasted w. the age to come (Philo and Joseph. do not have the two aeons) Mt 12:32. A time of sin and misery Hv 1, 1, 8; Hs 3:1ff; ending of Mk in the Freer ms. 2; ἡ μέριμνα τοῦ αἰ. (v.l. + τούτου) the cares of the present age Mt 13:22; pl. cp. Mk 4:19. πλοῦτος earthly riches Hv 3, 6, 5. ματαιώματα vain, futile things Hm 9:4; Hs 5, 3, 6. πραγματεῖαι m 10, 1, 4. ἐπιθυμία m 11:8; Hs 6, 2, 3; 7:2; 8, 11, 3. πονηρία Hs 6, 1, 4. ἀπάται Hs 6, 3, 3 v.l. οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰ. τούτου the children of this age, the people of the world (opp. children of light, enlightened ones) Lk 16:8; 20:34.—The earthly kingdoms βασιλεῖαι τοῦ αἰ. τούτου IRo 6:1. συσχηματίζεσθαι τῷ αἰ. τούτῳ be conformed to this world Ro 12:2. As well as everything non-Christian, it includes the striving after worldly wisdom: συζητητὴς τοῦ αἰ. τούτου searcher after the wisdom of this world 1 Cor 1:20. σοφία τοῦ αἰ. τούτου 2:6. ἐν τῷ αἰ. τούτῳ 3:18 prob. belongs to what precedes=those who consider themselves wise in this age must become fools (in the estimation of this age). The ruler of this age is the devil: ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰ. τούτου 2 Cor 4:4 (θεός 5). ἄρχων τοῦ αἰ. τούτου IEph 17:1; 19:1; IMg 1:3; ITr 4:2; IRo 7:1; IPhld 6:2; his subordinate spirits are the ἄρχοντες τοῦ αἰ. τούτου 1 Cor 2:6, 8 (ἄρχων 1c).—Also ὁ νῦν αἰών (Did., Gen. 148, 21): πλούσιοι ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰ. 1 Ti 6:17; ἀγαπᾶν τὸν νῦν αἰ. 2 Ti 4:10; Pol 9:2. Cp. Tit 2:12. Or (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 42, 30) ὁ αἰ. ὁ ἐνεστώς the present age Gal 1:4 (cp. SIG 797, 9 [37 A.D.] αἰῶνος νῦν ἐνεστῶτος). The end of this period (cp. SibOr 3, 756 μέχρι τέρματος αἰῶνος) συντέλεια (τοῦ) αἰ. Mt 13:39f, 49; 24:3; 28:20 (cp. TestJob 4:6; TestBenj 11:3; JRobinson, Texts and Studies V introd. 86). συντέλεια τῶν αἰ. Hb 9:26; on GMary 463, 1 s. καιρός end.

ⓑ ὁ αἰὼν μέλλων (הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא) the age to come, the Messianic period (on the expr. cp. Demosth. 18, 199; Hippocr., Ep. 10, 6 ὁ μ. αἰ.=the future, all future time; Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 310 D.: ἡ τοῦ παρελθόντος χρόνου μνεία κ. ὁ τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος λόγος; Jos., Ant. 18, 287; Ar. 15, 3; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 24, 20; Did., Gen. 164, 2) in 2 Cl 6:3, cp. Hs 4:2ff, opposed to the αἰὼν οὗτος both in time and quality, cp. Mt 12:32; Eph 1:21; δυνάμεις μέλλοντος αἰ. Hb 6:5. Also αἰ. ἐκεῖνος: τοῦ αἰ. ἐκείνου τυχεῖν take part in the age to come Lk 20:35. ὁ αἰ. ὁ ἐρχόμενος Mk 10:30; Lk 18:30; Hs 4:2, 8. ὁ αἰ. ὁ ἐπερχόμενος Hv 4, 3, 5: pl. ἐν τοῖς αἰῶσιν τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις in the ages to come Eph 2:7. As a holy age ὁ ἅγιος αἰ. (opp. οὗτος ὁ κόσμος; cp. εἰς τὸν μείζονα αἰ. TestJob 47:3) B 10:11 and as a time of perfection αἰ. ἀλύπητος an age free from sorrow 2 Cl 19:4 (cp. αἰ. … τοῦ ἀπαραλλάκτου TestJob 33:5), while the present αἰών is an ‘aeon of pain’ (Slav. Enoch 65, 8).—The plurals 1 Cor 10:11 have been explained by some as referring to both ages, i.e. the end-point of the first and beginning of the second; this view urges that the earliest Christians believed that the two ages came together during their own lifetimes: we, upon whom the ends of the ages have come (JWeiss. A Greek would not refer to the beginning as τέλος. The Gordian knot has οὔτε τέλος οὔτε ἀρχή: Arrian, Anab. 2, 3, 7). But since τὰ τέλη can also mean ‘end’ in the singular (Ael. Aristid. 44, 17 K.=17 p. 406 D.: σώματος ἀρχαὶ κ. τέλη=‘beginning and end’; 39 p. 737 D.: τὰ τέλη … δράματος; Longus 1, 23, 1 ms. ἦρος τέλη; Vi. Thu. 2, 2 [=OxfT ΘΟΥΚΥΔΙΔΟΥ ΒΙΟΣ 2] τέλη τοῦ πολέμου; Aëtius, Eye Diseases p. 120, 25 Hirschb. after Galen: τὰ τέλη τ. λόγου=the close of the section; Philo, Virt. 182) and, on the other hand, the pl. αἰῶνες is often purely formal (s. above 1a and b, 2a at end) τὰ τέλη τῶν αἰ. can perh. be regarded as equal to τέλος αἰώνων (SibOr 8, 311)=the end of the age(s). Cp. TestLevi 14:1 ἐπὶ τὰ τέλη τῶν αἰώνων.—For the essential equivalence of sing. and pl. cp. Maximus Tyr. 14, 8b τὰ τῆς κολακείας τέλη beside τέλος τῆς σπουδῆς. Cp. also τέλος 5.

③ the world as a spatial concept, the world (αἰ. in sg. and pl. [B-D-F §141, 1]: Hippocr., Ep. 17, 34; Diod S 1, 1, 3 God rules ἅπαντα τὸν αἰῶνα; Ael. Aristid. 20, 13 K.=21 p. 434 D.: ἐκ τοῦ παντὸς αἰῶνος; Maximus Tyr. 11, 5e; IAndrosIsis, Cyrene 4 [103 A.D.] P. p. 129]; Ps 65:7; Ex 15:18 [cp. Philo, Plant. 47; 51]; Wsd 13:9; 14:6; 18:4; αἰῶνες οἱ κρείττονε Tat. 20:2) ApcPt 4:14. Created by God through the Son Hb 1:2; through God’s word 11:3. Hence God is βασιλεὺς τῶν αἰ. 1 Ti 1:17; Rv 15:3 (v.l. for ἐθνῶν); 1 Cl 61:2 (cp. PGM 12, 247 αἰώνων βασιλεῦ; Tob 13:7, 11, cp. AcPh 2 and 11 [Aa II/2, 2, 20 and 6, 9]); πατὴρ τῶν αἰ. 35:3 (cp. Just., A I, 41, 2; AcPh 144 [Aa II/2, 84, 9]); θεὸς τῶν αἰ. 55:6 (cp. Sir 36:17; ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰ.; En 1:4; PGM 4, 1163; TSchermann, Griech. Zauber-pap 1909, 23; AcJ 82 [Aa II/1, 191, 24f]). But many of these pass. may belong under 2.

④ the Aeon as a person, the Aeon (Rtzst., Erlösungsmyst. 268 index under Aion, Taufe 391 index; Epict. 2, 5, 13 οὐ γάρ εἰμι αἰών, ἀλλʼ ἄνθρωπος=I am not a being that lasts forever, but a human being [and therefore I know that whatever is must pass away]; Mesomedes 1, 17=Coll. Alex. p. 197, 17; Simplicius in Epict. p. 81, 15 οἱ αἰῶνες beside the μήτηρ τῆς ζωῆς and the δημιουργός; En 9:4 κύριος τ. κυρίων καὶ θεὸς τ. θεῶν κ. βασιλεὺς τ. αἰώνων; PGM 4, 520; 1169; 2198; 2314; 3168; 5, 468; AcPh 132 [Aa II/2, 63, 5]; Kephal. I p. 24, 6; 45, 7) ὁ αἰ. τοῦ κόσμου τούτου Eph 2:2. The secret hidden from the Aeons Col 1:26; Eph 3:9 (Rtzst., Erlösungsmyst. 235f); IEph 19:2 (Rtzst. 86, 3); cp. 8:1 (Rtzst. 236, 2). Various other meanings have been suggested for these passages.—CLackeit, Aion I, diss. Königsbg. 1916; EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 426–32; HJunker, Iran. Quellen d. hellenist. Aionvorstellung: Vortr. d. Bibl. Warburg I 1923, 125ff; ENorden, D. Geburt des Kindes 1924; MZepf, D. Gott Αιων in d. hellenist. Theologie: ARW 25, 1927, 225–44; ANock, HTR 27, 1934, 78–99=Essays I, ’72, 377–96; RLöwe, Kosmos u. Aion ’35; EOwen, αἰών and αἰώνιος: JTS 37, ’36, 265–83; 390–404; EJenni, Das Wort ˓ōlām im AT: ZAW 64, ’52, 197–248; 65, ’53, 1–35; KDeichgräber, RGG I³ 193–95; HSasse, RAC I 193–204; MNilsson, Die Rel. in den gr. Zauberpapyri, K. humanist. Vetenskapssamfundets Lund II ’47/48, 81f; GJennings, A Survey of αιων and αιωνιος and their meaning in the NT, ’48; GStadtmüller, Aion: Saeculum 2, ’51, 315–20 (lit.); EDegani, ΑΙΩΝ da Omero ad Aristotele ’61 (s. Classen, Gnomon 34, ’62, 366–70; D.’s reply in RivFil 91, ’63, 104–10); MTreu, Griech. Ewigkeitswörter, Glotta 43, ’65, 1–24; JBarr, Biblical Words for Time² ’69; OCullman, Christus u. die Zeit³ ’62.—B. 13. EDNT. DDD s.v. Aion. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

⁺ τό N 3 8-2-0-3-22=35 Gn 21,2.7; 25,8; 42,38; 44,29

old age Gn 21,2

*Ps 91(92),11 τὸ γῆράς μου my old age-בלה old for MT בבלתיבלל I have made a mixture

see γῆρος

Grammatical information: Adv.

Meaning: `of old, formerly, long ago, bygone, earlier' (Il.; supposition on the development of the meaning in Treu Von Hom. zur Lyrik 127).

Dialectal forms: Myc. parajo \/ palaios\/.

Compounds: Compp., e.g. παλαι-γενής `born long ago, highly aged' (Il.). ἔκ-παλαι `long since, long ago' (hell.).

Derivatives: παλαιός `old, ancient, former' (Il.) with παλαι-ότης f. `age, ancientness' (Att.), - όομαι, - όω `to grow old, to make age, to declare archaic' (Hp., Pl., Arist.); from it παλαί-ωσις f. `aging' (Hp., LXX, Str.), - ώματα pl. `antiquity' (LXX). Comp. forms παλαί-τερος, - τατος (Pi.), also παλαιό-τερος (Ψ 788 [metr. condit.] etc.; Schwyzer 534 w. n.6), - τατος (Pl.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [640] * kʷel-? `far'

Etymology: Formation (except for the accent) like χαμαί, παραί; so prop. a frozen case-form (dat.?, s. Schwyzer 548 w. lit.). Ablauting τῆλε `far away, far' (s. v.), Boeot πήλυι `id.'; the spatial meaning is evidently the older one. Skt. caramá- `the utmost, the last', which has been connected with it, forms a connection with τέλος `end, goal'; so πάλαι orig. `at the end' (prop. `at the turning point of the career'), `in the distance', `in remote time(s)'. It is unnecessary to assume a separate * kʷel- `far away' (WP. 1, 517, Pok. 640). The Mycenaean form presents difficulties for a labio-velar. -- Cf. πάλιν and πέλομαι. - The - α- has not yet been explained; one might think of *kʷl̥h₂-ei.

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πρεσβύτερος, α, ον (Hom.+; comp. of πρέσβυς)

① pert. to being relatively advanced in age, older, old

ⓐ of an individual person older of two ὁ υἱὸς ὁ πρ. (cp. Aelian, VH 9, 42; TestJob 15:2 τῷ ἀδελφῷ τῷ πρεσβυτέρῳ; JosAs; Just., A II, 6, 1) Lk 15:25; of Manasseh (w. Ephraim) B 13:5. In contrast to the younger generation οἱ πρεσβύτεροι the older ones J 8:9. Opp. οἱ νεανίσκοι Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1). Opp. νεώτεροι (s. νεός 3aβ) 1 Ti 5:1 (similar advice, containing a contrast betw. πρ. and νεώτ., from ins and lit. in MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.); 1 Pt 5:5 (though here the πρεσβύτεροι are not only the older people, but at the same time, the ‘elders’; s. 2bβ). The same double mng. is found for πρεσβύτεροι in 1 Cl 1:3 beside νέοι, while in 3:3; 21:6, beside the same word, the concept of being old is the dominant one (as Jos., C. Ap. 2, 206). On the disputed pass. Hv 3, 1, 8 (οἱ νεανίσκοι … οἱ πρεσβύτεροι) cp. MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.—Fem. πρεσβυτέρα old(er) woman (opp. νεωτέρα, as Gen 19:31) 1 Ti 5:2.—With no ref. to younger persons, w. complete disappearance of the comparative aspect: πρεσβύτερος an old man (Jos., Ant. 13, 226; 292 [as a witness of events in the past, as Ps.-Pla., Virt. 3, 377b; 4, 377c]) Hv 3, 12, 2; cp. 3, 11, 3. The personified church is called λίαν πρεσβυτέρα very old 3, 10, 3; cp. 3, 11, 2. She appears as ἡ πρ. the elderly woman 2, 1, 3; 3, 1, 2; 3, 10, 6; 9 and has τὰς τρίχας πρεσβυτέρας the hair of an old woman 3, 10, 4; 5; 3, 12, 1.

ⓑ of a period of time (Petosiris, Fgm. 3 and 4 mention οἱ πρεσβύτεροι and οἱ νεώτεροι. In both instances the context shows that the reference is to astrologers from earlier and more recent times) οἱ πρεσβύτεροι the men of old, our ancestors Hb 11:2. ἡ παράδοσις τῶν πρεσβυτέρων the tradition of the ancients (cp. Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 35, 253 τῶν π. συγγράμματα) Mt 15:2; Mk 7:3, 5 (ELohse, D. Ordination im Spätjudentum u. NT, ’51, 50–56: scholars).

② an official (cp. Lat. senator), elder, presbyter

ⓐ among the Jews (the congregation of a synagogue in Jerusalem used πρεσβύτεροι to denote its officers before 70 A.D.: SEG VIII, 170, 9; cp. Dssm., LO 378–80 [LAE 439–41]).

α. for members of local councils in individual cities (cp. Josh 20:4; Ruth 4:2; 2 Esdr 10:14; Jdth 8:10; 10:6) Lk 7:3; 1 Cl 55:4.—Schürer II, 185.

β. for members of a group in the Sanhedrin (Schürer II, 206–8; JJeremias, Jerusalem z. Zt. Jesu II B 1: Die gesellschaftl. Oberschicht 1929, 88ff). They are mentioned together w. (the) other groups: ἀρχιερεῖς (Ac 4:5 has ἄρχοντες for this), γραμματεῖς, πρεσβύτεροι (the order is not always the same) Mt 16:21; 26:3 v.l.; 27:41; Mk 8:31; 11:27; 14:43, 53; 15:1; Lk 9:22; 20:1.—Only ἀρχιερεῖς (Ac 4:8 has for this ἄρχοντες τοῦ λαοῦ) and πρεσβύτεροι (τοῦ λαοῦ: cp. Ex 19:7; Num 11:16b, 24; 1 Macc 7:33; 12:35; Just., D. 40, 4 al.) Mt 21:23; 26:3, 47, 59 v.l.; 27:1, 3, 12, 20; 28:(11), 12; Lk 22:52 (here, as an exception, οἱ στρατηγοὶ τοῦ ἱεροῦ); Ac 4:23; 23:14; 25:15; cp. 24:1. Also οἱ πρεσβύτεροι καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς GPt 7:25 (for this combination cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 83; 12, 406).—Only πρεσβύτεροι and γραμματεῖς Mt 26:57; Ac 6:12.—The use of πρεσβύτερος as a title among the Jews of the Diaspora appears quite late, except for the allusions in the LXX (cp. Schürer III/1, 102; MAMA III [Cilicia], 344; 448 [cp. ZNW 31, ’32, 313f]. Whether πρεσβύτερος is to be understood in the older Roman inscriptions [CIJ 378] as a title [so CIJ p. lxxxvi], remains doubtful).

ⓑ among the Christians (for their use of the word as a title one must bear in mind not only the Jewish custom, but also its use as a t.t. among the ἔθνη, in connection w. associations of the ‘old ones’ [FPoland, Geschichte des griech. Vereinswesens 1909, 98ff] and to designate civic as well as religious officials [Dssm., B 153ff=BS 154–57, NB 60ff=BS 233–35, also LO 315, 5; HHausschildt, ZNW 4, 1903, 235ff; MStrack, ibid. 213ff; HLietzmann, ZWT 55, 1914, 116–32 [=Kl. Schr. I ’58, 156–69]; MDibelius, exc. on 1 Ti 5:17ff; RAlastair-Campbell, The Elders, Seniority within Earliest Christianity ’94.].—BGU 16, 6 [159 A.D.] πρεσβύτεροι ἱερεῖς θεοῦ Σοκνοπαίου; 347, 6; PVindBosw 1, 31 [87 A.D.].—As honorary title: Iren. 4, 26, 5 [Harv. II 238, 3]. The Engl. word ‘priest’ comes fr. πρεσβύτερος via Lat. presbyter; later Christian usage is largely, if not entirely, responsible for this development; s. OED s.v. ‘priest’ B).

α. Ac 11:30; 14:23; 15:2, 4, 6, 22f; 16:4 (in all the places in Ac 15 and 16 mention is made of οἱ ἀπόστολοι καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι in the Jerusalem church); 20:17; 21:18; 1 Ti 5:17, 19 (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 103a Jac. νεωτέρῳ πρεσβυτέρου καταμαρτυρεῖν οὐκ ἔξεστι); Tit 1:5; Js 5:14; 1 Pt 5:1, 5 (s. 1a above); 1 Cl 44:5; 47:6; 54:2; 57:1. WWrede, Untersuchungen zum 1 Cl 1891, 8ff.—Acc. to 2 Cl 17:3, 5 exhortation and preaching in the church services were among their duties.—In Ign. the πρεσβύτεροι come after the bishop, to whom they are subordinate IMg 2; 3:1; 6:1, or betw. the bishop and the deacons IPhld inscr.; 10:2; IPol 6:1, or the higher rank of the bishop in comparison to them is made plain in some other way ITr 3:1; 12:2 (s. πρεσβυτέριον b; cp. Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 22).—Polycarp—an ἐπίσκοπος, accord. to the title of the Ep. bearing his name—groups himself w. πρεσβύτεροι in Pol inscr., and further takes the presence of presbyters in Philippi for granted (beside deacons, though no ἐπίσκοπος is mentioned; cp. Hdb. on Pol inscr.) Pol 5:3.

β. Just how we are to understand the words ὁ πρεσβύτερος, applied to himself by the author of the two smallest Johannine letters 2J 1; 3J 1, remains in doubt. But in any case it is meant to indicate a position of great dignity the elder.—HWindisch, exc. on 3J, end; ESchwartz, Über den Tod der Söhne Zebedaei 1904, 47; 51; HWendt, ZNW 23, 1924, 19; EKäsemann, ZTK 48, ’51, 292–311; DWatson, NTS 35, ’89, 104–30, rhetorical analysis of 2J.—ὁ πρ. and οἱ πρ. are mentioned by Papias in these much-discussed passages: 2:3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 15. For some of the lit. s. the note on JKleist’s transl. ’48, p. 207 n. 18.

γ. In Rv there are 24 elders sitting on thrones about the throne of God; they form a heavenly council of elders (cp. Is 24:23) 4:4, 10; 5:5–14; 7:11, 13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4. The elders have been understood as glorified human beings of some kind or astral deities (or angels) (for the var. views s. RCharles, ICC Rv I 128–33; JMichl, D. 24 Ältesten in d. Apk. d. hl. J. ’38); the number 24 has been referred to the following: the 24 priestly classes of the Jews (1 Ch 24:7–18; Jos., Ant. 7, 365–67) whose heads were called ‘elders’ (Yoma 1, 5; Tamid 1, 1; Middoth 1, 8); the 24 stars which, according to Babylonian belief, stood half on the north and half on the south of the zodiac (Diod S 2, 31, 4; POsl 4, 19: HGunkel, Z. religionsgesch. Verständnis des NT 1903, 42f; Boll 35f); the 24 hours of the day, represented as old men w. shining garments and w. crowns (acc. to the Test. of Adam [ed. CBezold, TNöldeke Festschr. 1906, 893–912]: JWellhausen, Analyse der Offb. Joh. 1907, p. 9, 1; NMorosof, Offb. Joh. 1912, 32); the 24 Yazatas in the state of the gods in heaven, acc. to Persian thought (Bousset). It is certainly an open question whether, or how far, the writer of Rv had any of these things in mind.—On the presbyters, and esp. on the question how ἐπίσκοπος and πρεσβύτερος were originally related to each other (a question which is raised particularly in the pastorals; cp. MDibelius, Hdb. exc. after 1 Ti 3:7 section 2 [w. lit.] and before 5:17), s. the lit. s.v. ἐπίσκοπος.—BEaston, Pastoral Epistles ’47, 188–97; WMichaelis, Das Ältestenamt ’53; GBornkamm, πρεσβύτερος; RCampbell, The Elders ’94.—B. 1472. DELG s.v. πρέσβυς. M-M. EDNT. TW.

γῆρας

old age: neut gen pl (attic epic ionic)

γῆρος

neut gen pl (attic epic doric)

γηράσκω

grow old: pres part act masc voc sg

γηράσκω

grow old: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg

γηράσκω

grow old: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic ionic)

γηράω

grow old: pres part act masc voc sg

γηράω

grow old: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg

γηράω

grow old: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic ionic)

γηράω

grow old: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric ionic)

γῆρας

old age: neut gen pl (attic epic ionic)

γῆρος

neut gen pl (attic epic doric)

γηράσκω

grow old: pres part act masc voc sg

γηράσκω

grow old: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg

γηράσκω

grow old: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic ionic)

γηράω

grow old: pres part act masc voc sg

γηράω

grow old: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg

γηράω

grow old: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic ionic)

γηράω

grow old: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric ionic)

ὑπεργήρ-ως, ων,

A exceedingly old, of extreme age, Ph.1.622, Babr.47.1, Luc.DMort.27.9, etc.;

τὸ ὑ.

extreme old age,

A.Ag.79

(anap.); past the age of service, PGiss. 59iv 14 (ii A. D.): prob. proparox.: sts. [full] ὑπέργηρος, ον, in codd. (so in Gloss.); pl.

ὑπέργηροι Vett.Val.350.19

.

γῆρας (Hom.+), ως (Jos., Bell. 5, 461; Ant. 6, 32; Ath. R. 69, 11) or ους (TestJud 15, 4), τό, dat. γήρᾳ or γήρει (1 Ch 29:28; Ps 91:15; Da 6:1 al.; s. Helbing 42) as in Ionic (W-S. §9, 2; B-D-F §47, 1; Mlt-H. 140) advancement in years or age w. ref. to passage of a relatively long period of time (in our lit. of pers.), old age ἐν γήρει Lk 1:36 (TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 19 [Stone p. 18]); but ἐν γήρᾳ (as Lk 1:36 v.l.; Sir 3:12; 25:3) 1 Cl 10:7. ἕως γήρους (Ps 70:18) to old age 63:3 (s. Reinhold 51).—DELG. M-M.