vini+n+n

ămor (old form ămŏs, like honos, labos, colos, etc., Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. I. p. 170), ōris, m. [amo], love (to friends, parents, etc.; and also in a low sense; hence in gen., like amo, while caritas, like diligere, is esteem, regard, etc.; hence amor is used also of brutes, but caritas only of men; v amo init.):

Amicitiae caritate et amore cernuntur. Nam cum deorum, tum parentum, patriaeque cultus, eorumque hominum, qui aut sapientiā aut opibus excellunt, ad caritatem referri solet. Conjuges autem et liberi et fratres et alii, quos usus familiaritasque conjunxit, quamquam etiam caritate ipsā, tamen amore maxime continentur,

Cic. Part. Or. 25, 88; cf. id. ib. 16, 56; Doed. Syn. IV. p. 100 (but amor is related to benevolentia as the cause to the effect, since benevolentia designates only an external, friendly treatment; but amor a real, internal love):

amor, ex quo amicitia nominata, princeps est ad benevolentiam conjungendam,

Cic. Am. 8, 26:

nihil enim est, quod studio et benevolentiā, vel amore potius effici non possit,

id. Fam. 3, 9; cf. Doed. Syn. IV. p. 105 (very freq. in all periods, and in every kind of style; in a low sense most freq. in the com. and eleg. poets, Petron., and similar authors; v. amo init.); constr. with in, erga, or the obj. gen. (with the gen. of the gerund, never in Cic., and perh. in no prose writer; but it is so found in Lucr., Ovid, and Hor.).

Lit.: ab his initiis noster in te amor profectus, Cic. Fam. 13, 29:

si quid in te residet amoris erga me,

id. ib. 5, 5:

amori nostro (i. e. quo a te amamur) plusculum etiam, quam concedit veritas, largiare,

id. ib. 5, 12;

Postquam primus amor deceptam morte fefellit,

Verg. A. 4, 17:

amabilis super amorem mulierum,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 1, 26: in paternitatis amore, brotherly love (Gr. philadelphia), ib. 1 Pet. 1, 22; ib. 2 Pet. 1, 7 bis:

amplecti aliquem amore,

Cic. Att. 7, 1:

habere amorem erga aliquem,

id. ib. 9, 14:

respondere amori amore,

id. ib. 15, 21:

conciliare amorem alicui,

id. de Or. 2, 51 et saep.—Of sexual love, whether lawful or unlawful: Medea amore saevo saucia, Enn. Med. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 22 (as a transl. of the Gr. erôti thumon ekplageis Iasonos, Eur. Med. prol. 8):

videbantur illi (septem anni) pauci dies prae amoris magnitudine,

Vulg. Gen. 29, 20; 29, 30:

is amore projecticiam illam deperit,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 43:

amore perdita est,

id. Mil. 4, 6, 38:

in amore haec omnia sunt vitia,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 14:

aeterno devictus volnere amoris,

Lucr. 1, 35:

qui vitat amorem,

id. 4, 1069:

Nec te noster amor tenet?

Verg. A. 4, 307; 4, 395; Ov. M. 4, 256:

ne sit ancillae tibi amor pudori,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 1:

meretricis amore Sollicitus,

id. S. 2, 3, 252:

ut majus esset odium amore, quo ante dilexerat,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 13, 15:

ambo vulnerati amore ejus,

ib. Dan. 13, 10 al. —In both significations also in the plur.:

amores hominum in te,

Cic. Att. 5, 10:

amores sancti,

id. Fin. 3, 20, 68; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 34, 72:

Ille meos, primus qui me sibi junxit, amores Abstulit,

Verg. A. 4, 28:

est is mihi in amoribus, i. e. valde a me amatur,

Cic. Fam. 7, 32:

meos amores eloquar,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 2:

meretricii amores,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 10:

quem amore venerio dilexerat,

Nep. Paus. 4, 1:

amores et hae deliciae, quae vocantur,

Cic. Cael. 19:

quando Dido tantos rumpi non speret amores,

Verg. A. 4, 292:

Tabuit ex illo dementer amoribus usa,

Ov. M. 4, 259:

insanos fateamur amores,

id. ib. 9, 519 et saep.; Hor. C. 3, 21, 3 et saep.—

Meton.

For the beloved object itself:

amores et deliciae tuae,

Cic. Div. 1, 36;

Pompeius, nostri amores,

id. Att. 2, 19; 16, 6;

and ironic.: sed redeo ad amores deliciasque nostras, L. Antonium,

id. Phil. 6, 5; Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 79; Ov. M. 1, 617; 4, 137 al.—

Personified: Amor, the god of love, Love, Cupid, Erôs:

O praeclaram emendatricem vitae poëticam, quae Amorem flagitii et levitatis auctorem in concilio deorum collocandum putet,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69:

Deum esse Amorem turpis et vitio favens finxit libido,

Sen. Phaedr. 195: Illum conjugem, quem Amor dederat, qui plus pollet potiorque est patre, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69:

Omnia vincit Amor, et nos cedamus Amori,

Verg. E. 10, 69:

Improbe Amor, quid non mortalia corpora cogis?

id. A. 4, 412:

Paret Amor dictis carae genetricis,

id. ib. 1, 689:

Amor non talia curat,

id. E. 10, 28:

nec quid Amor curat,

Ov. M. 1, 480:

Amori dare ludum,

Hor. C. 3, 12, 1; Prop. 1, 2, 8:

non tot sagittis, Spicula quot nostro pectore fixit Amor,

id. 3, 4, 2:

pharetratus,

Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 22:

Notaque purpureus tela resumit Amor,

id. Am. 2, 9, 34:

movit Amor gemmatas aureus alas,

id. R. Am. 39 et saep.—Also in the plur., Cupids, Loves:

corpora nudorum Amorum,

Ov. M. 10, 516:

lascivi Amores,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 7:

parvi Amores,

Prop. 3, 1, 11:

Amores volucres,

Ov. Ep. 16, 201:

pharetrati,

id. R. Am. 519 al. —

A strong, passionate longing for something, desire, lust:

consulatūs amor,

Cic. Sull. 26, 73:

gloriae,

id. Arch. 11, 28:

amicitiae,

id. Tusc. 4, 33, 70:

lactis,

Verg. G. 3, 394:

vini,

Liv. 9, 18:

auri,

Verg. A. 1, 349:

argenti,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 78:

nummi,

Juv. 14, 138:

laudum,

Verg. A. 9, 197 et saep.:

cognitionis,

Cic. Fin. 4, 7, 18.—With gerund:

edundi,

Lucr. 4, 870:

habendi,

Ov. M. 1, 131, and Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 85:

scribendi,

id. S. 2, 1, 10.— Poet., with inf.:

si tantus amor casus cognoscere nostros,

Verg. A. 2, 10:

seu rore pudico Castaliae flavos amor est tibi mergere crines,

Stat. Th. 1, 698.—

Poet., a love-charm, philtre:

quaeritur et nascentis equi de fronte revolsus Et matri praereptus amor,

Verg. A. 4, 516; upon which passage Serv. remarks: Secundum Plinium, qui dicit in Naturali Historiā (8, 42, 66, § 163 sqq.) pullos equinos habere in fronte quandam carnem, quam eis statim natis adimit mater; quam si quis forte [p. 109] praeripuerit, odit pullum et lac ei denegat; v. hippomanes.

ănhēlĭtus, ūs, m. [id.].

A difficulty of breathing, panting, puffing (class. for the post-Aug. anhelatio):

ex cursurā anhelitum ducere,

to pant, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 61:

nimiae celeritates gressus cum fiunt, anhelitus moventur,

quickness of breathing is caused, Cic. Off. 1, 36, 131:

anhelitum vix sufferre,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 4:

anhelitum recipere,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 21: sublimis anhelitus, deep, * Hor. C. 1, 15, 31:

creber,

quick, Quint. 11, 3, 55:

vastos quatit aeger anhelitus artus,

painful panting, Verg. A. 5, 432:

aridus e lasso veniebat anhelitus ore,

Ov. M. 10, 663; Sen. Ep. 54; Gell. 12, 5.—As a disease, the asthma (cf. anhelatio), Plin. 35, 15, 51, § 180.—

A.. In gen., breathing, breath:

unguentorum odor, vini anhelitus,

breath smelling of wine, Cic. Red. in Sen. 7, 16:

male odorati anhelitus oris,

bad breath, Ov. A. A. 1, 521:

anhelitum reddere ac per vices recipere,

to breathe out and in, Plin. 9, 7, 6, § 16 al. —

Metaph., of other things, breath, exhalation, vapor:

credo etiam anhelitus quosdam fuisse terrarum, quibus inflatae mentes oracula funderent,

Cic. Div. 1, 50, 115:

placet Stoicos eos anhelitus terrae, qui frigidi sunt, cum fluere coeperint, ventos esse,

id. ib. 2, 19, 44.

arbĭter, tri, m. [ar = ad (v. ad init.) and bito = eo], orig., one that goes to something in order to see or hear it; hence, a spectator, beholder, hearer, an eye-witness, a witness (class. through all periods; used several times by Plaut., but only twice by Ter.; syn.: testis, speculator, conscius).

In gen.:

aequi et justi hic eritis omnes arbitri,

Plaut. Am. prol. 16:

mi quidem jam arbitri vicini sunt, meae quid fiat domi, Ita per impluvium introspectant,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 3:

ne arbitri dicta nostra arbitrari (i. e. speculari, v. arbitror) queant,

id. Capt. 2, 1, 28; so id. ib. 2, 1, 34; id. Cas. 1, 1, 2; 1, 1, 55; id. Mil. 4, 4, 1; id. Merc. 5, 4, 46; id. Poen. 1, 1, 50; 3, 3, 50; id. Trin. 1, 2, 109:

aut desine aut cedo quemvis arbitrum,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 43:

quis est decisionis arbiter?

Cic. Fl. 36:

ab arbitris remoto loco,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 31:

remotis arbitris,

after the removal of, id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

omnibus arbitris procul amotis,

Sall. C. 20, 1 Corte:

arbitros eicit,

Liv. 1, 41:

remotis arbitris,

id. 2, 4:

sine arbitro,

id. 27, 28:

absque arbitris,

Vulg. Gen. 39, 11:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

Cic. Att. 15, 16 B; Just. 21, 4:

secretorum omnium arbiter, i. e. conscius,

Curt. 3, 12, 9:

procul est, ait, arbiter omnis,

Ov. M. 2, 458 (cf. id. ib. 4, 63: conscius omnis abest).—

Esp.

In judic. lang., t. t., prop., he that is appointed to inquire into a cause (cf. adire hiberna, Tac. H. 1, 52, and intervenio) and settle it; hence, an umpire, arbiter, a judge, in an actio bonae fidei (i. e. who decides acc. to equity, while the judex decides acc. to laws), Sen. Ben. 3, 7 (cf. Zimmern, Rechtsgesch. 3 B, § 8; 3 B, § 42; 3 B, § 60 sq., and the jurists there cited).— So in the fragments of the Twelve Tables: JVDICI. ARBITROVE. REOVE. DIES. DIFFISVS. ESTO., ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. reus, p. 227 Müll.: Prae TOR. ARBITROS. TRES. DATO. ap. Fest. s. v. vindiciae, p. 376 Müll., and the ancient judicial formula:

P. J. A. V. P. V. D., i. e. PRAETOREM JVDICEM ARBITRVMVE POSTVLO VTI DET,

Val. Prob. p. 1539 P.:

ibo ad arbitrum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 101; so id. ib. 4, 3, 104:

Vicini nostri hic ambigunt de finibus: Me cepere arbitrum,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 90 (arbiter dabatur his, qui de finibus regendis ambigerent, Don.); so,

arbiter Nolanis de finibus a senatu datus,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 33.—Of the Hebrew judges:

subjacebit damno, quantum arbitri judicaverint,

Vulg. Exod. 21, 22.—Hence, trop.:

Taurus immensus ipse et innumerarum gentium arbiter,

that sets boundaries to numerous tribes, Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 97:

arbitrum familiae herciscundae postulavit,

Cic. Caecin. 7: arbitrum illum adegit (i. e. ad arbitrum illum egit; cf.

adigo),

id. Off. 3, 16, 66:

quis in hanc rem fuit arbiter?

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12.—In the time of Cicero, when, acc. to the Lex Aebutia, the decisions were given in definite formulae of the praetor, the formal distinction between judex and arbiter disappeared, Cic. Mur. 12 fin. —

Transf. from the sphere of judicial proceedings, a judge, an arbitrator, umpire, in gen.: arbiter inter antiquam Academiam et Zenonem. Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53:

Judicet Dominus, arbiter hujus diei, inter etc.,

Vulg. Jud. 11, 27.—So of Paris:

arbiter formae,

Ov. H. 16, 69: pugnae, the judge, umpire of the contest, ho brabeutês, Hor. C. 3, 20, 11:

favor arbiter coronae,

which adjudged the prize of victory, Mart. 7, 72, 10.—

He that rules over, governs, or manages something, a lord, ruler, master (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose; syn.: rex, dominus): arbiter imperii (Augustus), Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 47:

armorum (Mars),

id. F. 3, 73:

bibendi,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 25 (cf. id. ib. 1, 4, 18: nec regna vini sortiere talis, and in Gr. basileus tou sumposiou):

quo (sc. Noto) non arbiter Hadriae Major,

who rules over the sea, id. ib. 1, 3, 15:

arbiter Eurystheus irae Junonis iniquae,

i. e. the executor, fulfiller of her wrath, Ov. H. 9, 45 al. —In prose, Tac. A. 1, 26:

regni,

id. ib. 13, 14, where Halm reads arbitrium:

rerum,

id. ib. 2, 73:

di potentium populorum arbitri,

id. ib. 15, 24:

(JOVI) RERVM RECTORI FATORVMQVE ARBITRO,

Inscr. Orell. 1269 et saep.

arcesso (and accerso), īvi, ītum, 3, v. a. ( inf. arcessire and arcessiri, like lacessiri instead of lacessi, freq. and in the best class. writers, though the MSS. and editt. vary very much; cf. Struve, p. 198.—The form accerso, used freq. by Sall., has been unjustly repudiated; cf. Doed. Syn. III. p. 281 sq.; Kritz ad Sall. C. 40, 6, and the grammarians cited by both;

Dietsch,

Sall. II. p. 145; Rib. prol. in Verg. p. 388) [causat. from accedo; cf. incesso from incedo; ar = ad].

Lit., to cause any one to come, to call, send for, invite, summon, fetch (while accio designates merely the calling, without indicating the coming of the person called, Doed. Syn. III. p. 283).

In gen.:

aliquem ad aliquem,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 1:

Blepharonem arcessat, qui nobiscum prandeat,

id. Am. 3, 2, 70:

quaeso, hominem ut jubeas arcessi,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 29; so id. Bacch. 2, 3, 120; 4, 6, 26; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28; so,

arcessiturus,

id. Cas. 3, 2, 23; 3, 4, 11:

arcessitum,

id. Rud. 4, 4, 12:

jussit me ad se accersier,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 4 Bentl., where Fleck. reads arcessier:

obstetricem arcesse,

id. Ad. 3, 2, 56; so id. ib. 5, 7, 6; and id. Eun. 3, 5, 44 al.:

cum ab aratro arcessebantur, qui consules fierent,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 18:

sacra ab exteris nationibus ascita atque arcessita,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51 fin.; so id. ib. 5, 18:

ejus librum arcessivi,

id. Att. 16, 11:

ex continenti alios (fabros) accersi jubet,

Caes. B. G. 5, 11 Dinter:

Gabinium accersit,

Sall. C. 40, 6; so id. ib. 52, 24;

60, 4: cunctos senatorii ordinis accersiri jubet,

id. J. 62, 4; so id. ib. 113, 4:

Agrippam ad se arcessi jussit,

Nep. Att. 21, 4:

Pisonem arcessi jubet,

Tac. H. 1, 14 al.:

placere patrem arcessiri,

Liv. 3, 45:

aliquem ab Epidauro Romam arcessendum,

id. 10, 47:

Ityn huc arcessite,

Ov. M. 6, 652; so id. ib. 15, 640; Hor. S. 2, 3, 261:

sin melius quid (sc. vini) habes, arcesse,

order it, let it be brought, id. Ep. 1, 5, 6 al. — Trop.:

Illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit jumento suo, prov.,

this man brings misfortunes upon his own head, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171:

quies molli strato arcessita,

Liv. 21, 4; so,

somnum medicamentis,

Cels. 3, 18:

gloriam ex periculo,

Curt. 8, 13 fin. al.—

Esp. in judic. lang., to summon, arraign one, before a court of justice; hence, in gen., to accuse, inform against; constr. aliquem alicujus rei:

ut hunc hoc judicio arcesseret,

Cic. Fl. 6; so id. Rab. Perd. 9:

ne quem umquam innocentem judicio capitis arcessas,

to accuse of a capital crime, id. Off. 2, 14, 51:

aliquem capitis,

id. Deiot. 11:

pecuniae captae,

Sall. J. 32, 1:

majestatis,

Tac. A. 2, 50:

tumultus hostilis,

id. ib. 4, 29:

veneni crimine,

Suet. Tib. 53; also absol.:

arcessiri statim ac mori jussus est,

id. Claud. 37.— Trop.: inscitiae, Nigid. ap Gell. 19, 14. —

Transf. to mental objects, to bring, fetch, seek, or derive a subject, thought, quality, etc.:

a capite quod velimus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 117; so id. Top. 9:

translationes orationi splendoris aliquid arcessunt,

id. de Or. 3, 38, 156:

ex medio res arcessere,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 168:

longe arcessere fabulas coepi,

to fetch from far, Petr. 37.—Hence, arcessitus (in opp. to that which comes of itself, and is therefore natural), far-fetched, forced, unnatural (syn. durus):

cavendum est, ne arcessitum dictum putetur,

that an expression may not appear forced, far-fetched, Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 256:

frigidi et arcessiti joci,

Suet. Claud. 21:

in Lysiā nihil est inane, nihil arcessitum,

Quint. 10, 1, 78; cf. id. 2, 4, 3; 9, 3, 74; 12, 10, 40 al.

argŭo, ŭi, ūtum (ŭĭtum, hence arguiturus, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 882 P.), 3, v. a. [cf. argês, white; argos, bright; Sanscr. árgunas, bright; ragatas, white; and rag, to shine (v. argentum and argilla); after the same analogy we have clarus, bright; and claro, to make bright, to make evident; and the Engl. clear, adj., and to clear = to make clear; v. Curt. p. 171].

A.. In gen., to make clear, to show, prove, make known, declare, assert, mênuein:

arguo Eam me vidisse intus,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66:

non ex auditu arguo,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 65:

M. Valerius Laevinus... speculatores, non legatos, venisse arguebat,

Liv. 30, 23:

degeneres animos timor arguit,

Verg. A. 4, 13:

amantem et languor et silentium Arguit,

Hor. Epod. 11, 9; id. C. 1, 13, 7.— Pass., in a mid. signif.:

apparet virtus arguiturque malis,

makes itself known, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 80:

laudibus arguitur vini vinosus Homerus,

betrays himself, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 6.—

Esp.

With aliquem, to attempt to show something, in one's case, against him, to accuse, reprove, censure, charge with: Indicāsse est detulisse;

arguisse accusāsse et convicisse,

Dig. 50, 16, 197 (cf. Fest. p. 22: Argutum iri in discrimen vocari): tu delinquis, ego arguar pro malefactis? Enn. (as transl. of Eurip. Iphig. Aul. 384: Eit egô dikên dô sôn kakôn ho mê sphaleis) ap. Rufin. §

37: servos ipsos neque accuso neque arguo neque purgo,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 41, 120:

Pergin, sceleste, intendere hanc arguere?

Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 27; 2, 2, 32:

hae tabellae te arguunt,

id. Bacch. 4, 6, 10:

an hunc porro tactum sapor arguet oris?

Lucr. 4, 487:

quod adjeci, non ut arguerem, sed ne arguerer,

Vell. 2, 53, 4:

coram aliquem arguere,

Liv. 43, 5:

apud praefectum,

Tac. A. 14, 41:

(Deus) arguit te heri,

Vulg. Gen. 31, 42; ib. Lev. 19, 17; ib. 2 Tim. 4, 2; ib. Apoc. 3, 19 al.—

With the cause of complaint in the gen.; abl. with or without de; with in with abl.; with acc.; with a clause as object; or with ut (cf. Ramsh. p. 326; Zumpt, § 446).

With gen.:

malorum facinorum,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 56 (cf. infra, argutus, B. 2.):

aliquem probri, Stupri, dedecoris,

id. Am. 3, 2, 2:

viros mortuos summi sceleris,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 9, 26:

aliquem tanti facinoris,

id. Cael. 1:

criminis,

Tac. H. 1, 48:

furti me arguent,

Vulg. Gen. 30, 33; ib. Eccl. 11, 8:

repetundarum,

Tac. A. 3, 33:

occupandae rei publicae,

id. ib. 6, 10:

neglegentiae,

Suet. Caes. 53:

noxae,

id. Aug. 67:

veneni in se comparati,

id. Tib. 49:

socordiae,

id. Claud. 3:

mendacii,

id. Oth. 10:

timoris,

Verg. A. 11, 384:

sceleris arguemur,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 7, 9; ib. Act. 19, 40 al.—

With abl.:

te hoc crimine non arguo,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 18; Nep. Paus. 3 fin. —

With de:

de eo crimine, quo de arguatur,

Cic. Inv 2, 11, 37:

de quibus quoniam verbo arguit, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 29 fin.:

Quis arguet me de peccato?

Vulg. Joan. 8, 46; 16, 8.—

With in with abl. (eccl. Lat.):

non in sacrificiis tuis arguam te,

Vulg. Psa. 49, 8.—

With acc.: quid undas Arguit et liquidam molem camposque natantīs? of what does he impeach the waves? etc., quid being here equivalent to cujus or de quo, Lucr. 6, 405 Munro.—

With an inf.-clause as object:

quae (mulier) me arguit Hanc domo ab se subripuisse,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 62; id. Mil. 2, 4, 36:

occidisse patrem Sex. Roscius arguitur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 13, 37:

auctor illius injuriae fuisse arguebatur?

id. Verr. 2, 1, 33:

qui sibimet vim ferro intulisse arguebatur,

Suet. Claud. 16; id. Ner. 33; id. Galb. 7:

me Arguit incepto rerum accessisse labori,

Ov. M. 13, 297; 15, 504.—

With ut, as in Gr. hôs (post-Aug. and rare), Suet. Ner. 7:

hunc ut dominum et tyrannum, illum ut proditorem arguentes,

as being master and tyrant, Just. 22, 3.—

Transf. to the thing.

To accuse, censure, blame:

ea culpa, quam arguo,

Liv. 1, 28:

peccata coram omnibus argue,

Vulg. 1 Tim. 5, 20:

tribuni plebis dum arguunt in C. Caesare regni voluntatem,

Vell. 2, 68; Suet. Tit. 5 fin.:

taciturnitatem pudoremque quorumdam pro tristitiā et malignitate arguens,

id. Ner. 23; id. Caes. 75:

arguebat et perperam editos census,

he accused of giving a false statement of property, census, id. Calig. 38:

primusque animalia mensis Arguit imponi,

censured, taught that it was wrong, Ov. M. 15, 73:

ut non arguantur opera ejus,

Vulg. Joan. 3, 20.—

Trop., to denounce as false:

quod et ipsum Fenestella arguit,

Suet. Vit. Ter. p. 292 Roth.—With reference to the person, to refute, confute:

aliquem,

Suet. Calig. 8.—Hence, argūtus, a, um, P. a.

Of physical objects, clear.

To the sight, bright, glancing, lively:

manus autem minus arguta, digitis subsequens verba, non exprimens,

not too much in motion, Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 220 (cf. id. Or. 18, 59: nullae argutiae digitorum, and Quint. 11, 3, [p. 160] 119-123):

manus inter agendum argutae admodum et gestuosae,

Gell. 1, 5, 2:

et oculi nimis arguti, quem ad modum animo affecti sumus, loquuntur,

Cic. Leg. 1, 9, 27:

ocelli,

Ov. Am. 3, 3, 9; 3, 2, 83:

argutum caput,

a head graceful in motion, Verg. G. 3, 80 (breve, Servius, but this idea is too prosaic): aures breves et argutae, ears that move quickly (not stiff, rigid), Pall. 4, 13, 2:

argutā in soleā,

in the neat sandal, Cat. 68, 72.—

a.. To the hearing, clear, penetrating, piercing, both of pleasant and disagreeable sounds, clear-sounding, sharp, noisy, rustling, whizzing, rattling, clashing, etc. (mostly poet.): linguae, Naev. ap. Non. p. 9, 24:

aves,

Prop. 1, 18, 30:

hirundo,

chirping, Verg. G. 1, 377:

olores,

tuneful, id. E. 9, 36: ilex, murmuring, rustling (as moved by the wind), id. ib. 7, 1:

nemus,

id. ib. 8, 22 al.—Hence, a poet. epithet of the musician and poet, clear-sounding, melodious:

Neaera,

Hor. C. 3, 14, 21:

poëtae,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 90:

fama est arguti Nemesis formosa Tibullus,

Mart. 8, 73, 7: forum, full of bustle or din, noisy, Ov. A.A. 1, 80:

serra,

grating, Verg. G. 1, 143:

pecten,

rattling, id. ib. 1, 294; id. A. 7, 14 (cf. in Gr. kerkis aoidos, Aristoph. Ranae, v. 1316) al.—Hence, of rattling, prating, verbose discourse:

sine virtute argutum civem mihi habeam pro preaeficā, etc.,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 14:

[Neque mendaciloquom neque adeo argutum magis],

id. Trin. 1, 2, 163 Ritschl.—

Trop., of written communications, rattling, wordy, verbose:

obviam mihi litteras quam argutissimas de omnibus rebus crebro mittas,

Cic. Att. 6, 5: vereor, ne tibi nimium arguta haec sedulitas videatur, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1. — Transf. to omens, clear, distinct, conclusive, clearly indicative, etc.:

sunt qui vel argutissima haec exta esse dicant,

Cic. Div. 2, 12 fin.:

non tibi candidus argutum sternuit omen Amor?

Prop. 2, 3, 24.—

To the smell; sharp, pungent:

odor argutior,

Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—

To the taste; sharp, keen, pungent:

sapor,

Pall. 3, 25, 4; 4, 10, 26.—

Of mental qualities.

In a good sense, bright, acute, sagacious, witty:

quis illo (sc. Catone) acerbior in vituperando? in sententiis argutior?

Cic. Brut. 17, 65:

orator,

id. ib. 70, 247:

poëma facit ita festivum, ita concinnum, ita elegans, nihil ut fieri possit argutius,

id. Pis. 29; so,

dicta argutissima,

id. de Or. 2, 61, 250:

sententiae,

id. Opt. Gen. 2:

acumen,

Hor. A. P. 364:

arguto ficta dolore queri,

dexterously-feigned pain, Prop. 1, 18, 26 al. —

In a bad sense, sly, artful, cunning:

meretrix,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 40: calo. id. Ep. 1, 14, 42:

milites,

Veg. Mil. 3, 6.—As a pun: ecquid argutus est? is he cunning? Ch. Malorum facinorum saepissime (i.e. has been accused of), Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 56 (v. supra, I. B. a.).—Hence, adv.: argūtē (only in the signif. of B.).

Subtly, acutely:

respondere,

Cic. Cael. 8:

conicere,

id. Brut. 14, 53:

dicere,

id. Or. 28, 98.— Comp.:

dicere,

Cic. Brut. 11, 42.— Sup.:

de re argutissime disputare,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 18.—

Craftily:

obrepere,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 132; Arn. 5, p. 181.

aspĕrĭtas, ātis, f. [asper], the quality of asper, unevenness, roughness (opp. 2. levitas).

Lit.:

saxorum asperitates,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98:

asperitas viarum,

id. Phil. 9, 1, 2:

locorum,

Sall. J. 75, 2:

angustiae locorumque asperitas,

Liv. 32, 12 fin.; 43, 21; 44, 5 al.:

linguae,

Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 172:

ventris,

id. 11, 37, 79, § 201:

squamarum,

Gell. 2, 6:

faucium,

Plin. 30, 4, 11, § 32:

animi asperitas seu potius animae,

hoarseness, id. 22, 24, 51, § 111:

ob asperitatem hiemis,

roughness, severity, Tac. A. 4, 56:

asperitas frigorum abest,

id. Agr. 12:

densaque cedit Frigoris asperitas,

Ov. F. 4, 88 al.:

asperitas luti,

dryness, barrenness of the clay, Vitr. 2, 3.—Of raised work (cf. 1. asper, I., and exaspero):

vasa anaglypta in asperitatemque excisa,

with figures in basrelief, Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 139.—

Transf.

Of taste, harshness, sharpness, acidity, tartness:

vini,

Plin. 14, 19, 24, § 120:

pomi,

id. 12, 10, 21, § 38:

aceti,

id. 9, 35, 58, § 120:

aquarum,

the brackish taste of water, id. 12, 9, 20, § 37 al. —

Of hearing, roughness, harshness of tone:

vocis,

Lucr. 4, 542:

soni,

Tac. G. 3.—

Of sight, inequality, contrast:

cum aspectus ejus scaenae propter asperitatem eblandiretur omnium visus,

on account of the contrast of light and shade, Vitr. 7, 5:

intercolumniorum,

id. 3, 3.—

Trop.

Of moral qualities, roughness, harshness, severity, fierceness, asperity:

si quis eā asperitate est et immanitate naturae, congressus ut hominum fugiat atque oderit, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 23, 87:

avunculi,

Nep. Att. 5, 1:

patris,

Ov. M. 9, 752:

artibus ingenuis Pectora mollescunt, asperitasque fugit,

id. P. 1, 6, 8:

asperitatis et invidiae corrector,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 129.—Of a rigid, austere manner of life: quam illorum (Stoicorum) tristitiam atque asperitatem fugiens Panaetius nec acerbitatem sententiarum nec disserendi spinas probavit, Cic. Fin. 4, 28, 79; cf. 1. asper, II. A.—And of rudeness in external appearance, opp. to a polished, cultivated bearing:

asperitas agrestis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 6.—

Of things, adversity, reverse of fortune, trouble, severity, difficulty (cf. 1. asper, II. B., and acerbitas):

in his vel asperitatibus rerum vel angustiis temporis obsequar studiis nostris,

Cic. de Or. 1, 1, 3:

asperitas belli,

Sall. J. 29, 1:

remedii,

Tac. A. 1, 44.—Of style, roughness, harshness, trachutês (cf. 1. asper, II. B.):

oratio in quā asperitas contentionis oratoris ipsius humanitate conditur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 212. judicialis asperitas, id. ib. 2, 15, 64; so Quint. 1, 8, 11; 10, 5, 14 (cf. id. 11, 3, 23):

verborum,

Ov. M. 14, 526.

austērĭtas, ātis, f. [austerus] (perh. not before the Aug. period).

Lit.

Of taste, harshness, sourness (syn.:

acerbitas, tristitia, severitas),

Col. 11, 2, 68:

vini,

Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 24; 14, 6, 8, § 65:

caepae,

id. 19, 6, 32, § 105:

picis,

id. 14, 1, 3, § 17; Pall. 1, 35, 11; and in plur., id. 1, 35, 8.—

Of colors, darkness, dinginess, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 97; 9, 38, 62, § 134; 35, 10, 36, § 97; 35, 11, 40, § 134.—

Trop., severity, austerity, rigor:

magistri,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

qui a te hanc austeritatem exigo,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 5:

cum austeritate imperare,

Vulg. Ezech. 34, 4:

ex bono esse austeritatem,

ib. 2 Macc. 14, 30.

ăvĭdĭtas, ātis, f. [avidus], an eagerness for something (either lawful or unlawful), avidity, longing, vehement desire.

In gen.:

habeo senectuti magnam gratiam, quae mihi sermonis aviditatem auxit, potionis et cibi sustulit,

Cic. Sen. 14, 46:

aviditas legendi,

id. Fin. 3, 2, 7:

suscipere verbum cum omni aviditate,

Vulg. Act. 17, 11:

gloriae,

Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16:

pecuniae,

id. Part. Or. 6, 1:

rapiendi per occasionem triumphi,

Liv. 31, 48, 2:

imperandi,

Tac. H. 1, 52:

vini,

Suet. Tib. 42 al.:

ad cibos,

Plin. 20, 16, 65, § 173.—In plur.:

bestiolarum aviditates,

Plin. 11, 6, 5, § 15:

feminarum,

id. 20, 21, 84, § 227.—

Esp.

Eagerness for money, covetousness, avarice:

Inhaeret etiam aviditas, desidia, injuria, etc.,

Plaut. Merc. prol. 29:

(justitia) eas res spernit et neglegit, ad quas plerique inflammati aviditate rapiuntur,

Cic. Off. 2, 11, 38:

utrumque incredibile est, et Roscium quicquam per aviditatem appetīsse et Fannium quicquam per bonitatem amisisse,

id. Rosc. Com. 7, 21 (B. and K., avaritiam).—

Eagerness in eating, appetite:

lactuca in cibis aviditatem incitat inhibetque eadem,

Plin. 20, 7, 26, § 64; so,

aviditatem excitare,

id. 23, 1, 7, § 12:

facere,

id. 23, 8, 75, § 144; Vulg. Eccli. 37, 33.

băbae or păpae, interj., = babai or papai, an exclamation of wonder and joy, odds bodkins! wonderful! strange!

Form babae:

huic babae! basilice te intulisti et facete,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 25; so id. Ps. 1, 3, 131; id. Cas. 5, 2, 26; id. Ep. 1, 1, 52; v. under II.; Petr. 37, 9.—

Form papae: Ep. Cadum tibi veteris vini propino. St. Papae! Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 24; 5, 7, 3; id. Rud. 5, 2, 33; id. Bacch. 2, 2, 29; id. Men. 5, 5, 20; Ter Eun. 2, 1, 23; 2, 2, 48; 3, 1, 26.

bĕnignus, a, um, adj. [as if benigenus, from bonus genus, anal. with malignus and privignus], of a good kind or nature, beneficent, kind.

Of feeling or deportment towards others, kind, good, friendly, pleasing, favorable, benignant:

nam generi lenonio, Numquam ullus deus tam benignus fuit qui fuerit propitius,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 34:

benignus et lepidus et comis,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 39:

boni et benigni,

id. Phorm. 5, 2, 2:

comes, benigni, faciles, suaves homines esse dicuntur,

Cic. Balb. 16, 36:

Apelles in aemulis benignus,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 88;

id. praef. § 21: divi,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 52:

numen,

id. ib. 4, 4, 74; cf. Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 34 al.—

Of things, friendly, favorable, pleasant, mild:

animus,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 22:

oratio,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 48:

sociorum comitas vultusque benigni,

Liv. 9, 6, 8; 30, 14, 3; Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 20:

verba,

Prop. 1, 10, 24:

benigniora verba,

Liv. 21, 19, 11.—In the jurists, interpretatio, a mild, favorable interpretation (opp. dura, which follows the strictness of the letter; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31 sq.), Dig. 39, 5, 16:

semper in dubiis benigniora praeferenda sunt,

ib. 50, 17, 56:

benignior sententia,

ib. 37, 6, 8.—

Poet., = faustus, lucky, propitious, favorable:

dies,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 108:

nox,

id. Th. 10, 216.—

More freq. of action, beneficent, obliging, that gives or imparts freely, liberal, bounteous, etc.:

erga te benignus fui, atque opera mea Haec tibi sunt servata,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 33; id. Trin. 3, 3, 12; 2, 4, 58:

fortuna... Nunc mihi, nunc alii benigna,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 52:

qui benigniores volunt esse, quam res patitur, peccant,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44:

qui liberalis benignusque dicitur,

id. Leg. 1, 18, 48:

facilius in timore benigni quam in victoriā grati reperiuntur,

id. ad Brut. 1, 15, 8.— Poet., with gen.:

vini somnique benignus,

a hard drinker and a lover of sleep, Hor. S. 2, 3, 3.—Opp. to bonae frugi = prodigus, prodigal, lavish:

est benignus potius quam bonae frugi,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 20.—

Of things (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose; cf. malignus), yielding liberally, abundant, fruitful, fertile, copious, rich: et magnas messes terra benigna daret, Tib [p. 233] 3, 3, 6:

ager,

Ov. Am. 1, 10, 56:

tellus,

Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 1:

vepres,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 8:

cornu,

id. C. 1, 17, 15:

egens benignae Tantalus semper dapis,

id. Epod. 17, 66:

ingenī Benigna vena est,

id. C. 2, 18, 10:

praeda,

Ov. F. 5, 174:

benigna materia gratias agendi Romanis,

Liv. 42, 38, 6: quem (ordinem) persequi longa est magis quam benigna materia, fruitful, or suitable for exhibition, Mel. prooem. § 1;

so Seneca: primus liber.. benigniorem habuit materiem,

Sen. Ira, 2, 1, 1:

ipse materiā risūs benignissima,

id. Const. 18, 1 (cf. also in Gr. aphthonos):

aestivam sermone benigno tendere noctem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 11 (sermone multo et liberali et largo, Lamb.):

benignissimum inventum, i. e. beneficentissimum,

Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 11. —Hence, adv.: bĕnignē (ante-class. collat. form bĕnignĭter).

In a friendly manner, kindly, benevolently, courteously, benignly:

benigne et amice facere,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 109:

me benignius Omnes salutant quam salutabant prius,

id. Aul. 1, 2, 36:

ecquid ego possiem Blande dicere aut benigne facere,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 24:

viam monstrare,

courteously, politely, Cic. Balb. 16, 36:

salutare,

id. Phil. 13, 2, 4:

audire,

id. Clu. 3, 8:

polliceri,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 3:

servire alicui,

Cat. 76, 3:

respondere,

Sall. J. 11, 1; Liv. 27, 4, 7:

milites adpellare,

Sall. J. 96, 2:

habere,

id. ib. 113, 2:

alloqui,

Liv. 1, 28, 1:

audire aliquem,

id. 1, 9, 4:

excipere aliquem,

id. 2, 35, 6; 21, 19, 7; Tac. A. 1, 57:

arma capere,

readily, willingly, Liv. 3, 26, 1:

audire,

Suet. Aug. 89.—In the ante-class. form benigniter, Titin. ap. Non. p. 510, 13, and Prisc. p 1010 P.—

Mildly, indulgently (in jurid. Lat.):

in poenalibus causis benignius interpretandum est,

Dig. 50, 17, 155; ib. 44, 7, 1, § 13:

benignissime rescripserunt,

ib. 37, 14, 4.—

Benigne dicis, or absol. benigne, used in colloquial lang. in thanking one for something, both when it is taken and when it is refused (the latter a courtly formula like the Gr. ainô se, zêlô se, kalôs, kallista; cf. recte), you are very kind, I thank you very much, am under great obligation; no, I thank you.

In receiving: As. Peregre cum advenis, cena detur. Di. Benigne dicis, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 27; Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 62.—

In declining:

frumentum, inquit, me abs te emere oportet. Optime. Modium denario. Benigne ac liberaliter: nam ego ternis HS non possum vendere, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:

dic Ad cenam veniat.. Benigne Respondet. Neget ille mihi? etc.,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 62; id. ib. 1, 7, 16 Schmid.—

Abundantly, liberally, freely, generously:

pecuniam praebere,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 37; id. Aul. 4, 4, 20; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 15, 52 and 53; Sall. J. 68, 3; Liv. 9, 31, 5; 9, 32. 2:

benignius Deprome quadrimum,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 6:

paulo benignius ipsum Te tractare voles,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 11. —

Benigne facere alicui = bene facere, to do a favor, to show favor, Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 24 Ruhnk.; Cat. 73, 3:

qui plurimis in istā provinciā benigne fecisti,

Cic. Fam. 13, 67, 1; id. Off. 1, 14, 42; id. Inv. 1, 55, 109; Liv. 4, 14, 5; 28, 39, 18; Gell. 17, 5, 10 al.; cf. Rutil. Lup. p. 127 Ruhnk. (175 Frotscher).

bĭbo, bĭbi (post-class. part. fut. bĭbĭtūrus, Hier. Isa. 8, 25, 8; Vulg. Matt. 20, 22; id. Act. 23, 12; Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 1; part. perf. bĭbĭtus, a, um, Cael. Aur. Chron. 4, 3, 60; Capitol. Ver. 5, 3; Aem. Mac. c. de Porro; Plin. Val. 2, 18; inf. apocop. biber, Cato, Titin., and Fannii Annal. ap. Charis. p. 99), 3, v. a. [root bi; Gr. pi-, pinô, pepôka; whence Lat. poto, as if from po; Sanscr. pī; Slav. piti; Lith. pota], to drink (usually from thirst, a natural want; poto, to drink from passion, habit, etc.; but poto is occasionally used of water, etc., e. g. Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179; cf.:

bibere naturae est, potare luxuriae,

Isid. Diff. 1. 74; and the partt. potus and potatus are regularly used instead of the partt. of bibo).

With acc.

Of the liquid drunk:

per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,

Cato, R. R. 73:

jejunus heminam bibito,

id. ib. 126:

si voles vinum Choum bibere, licebit bibas,

id. ib. 48: eapse merum condidicit bibere;

foribus dat aquam quam bibant,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 4:

vicit vinum quod bibi,

Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 1:

Darius in fugā cum aquam turbidam bibisset,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97:

patrono malo suadebat ut mulsum frigidum biberet,

id. de Or. 2, 70, 282:

viveret, nisi illud (i. e. venenum) bibisset,

Quint. 8, 5, 31:

bibo aquam,

id. 6, 3, 93:

cur apud te vinum aetate tuā vetustius bibitur?

Sen. Vit. Beat. 17, 2:

nisi Hy. mettia mella Falerno Ne biberis diluta,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 15:

et Veientani bibitur faex crassa rubelli,

Mart. 1, 103, 9:

lac bibere,

to suck, Ov. Am. 3, 10, 22; id. M. 9, 377; 9, 615.—Also nutricem bibere (i. e. lac de nutrice), App. M. 2, p. 115, 29.— Poet.;

Caecubam... Tu bibes uvam (i. e. vinum),

Hor. C. 1, 20, 10:

in usu radix tantum duabus drachmis bibenda (i. e. sucus radicis),

Plin. 25, 6, 30, § 67.—

Pocula or cyathos bibere.

Poet., = vinum (cf. pinein kratêras):

tristia cum multo pocula felle bibat,

Tib. 1, 5, 50:

ipse bibebam Sobria suppositā pocula victor aquā,

id. 1, 6, 28:

plura pocula = plus vini,

id. 1, 9, 59; so,

nomismata and aera,

id. 1, 26, 3.—

Of the number of cups drunk at a merry-making: vide quot cyathos bibimus: St. Tot quot digiti sunt tibi in manu, Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 24.—Esp. of the custom of drinking names, i. e. as many cups as there are letters in a name proposed; the number is frequently expressed by fractional parts of the as (uncia = a cyathus;

quincunx = 5 cyathi, etc.): quincunces et sex cyathos bessemque bibamus, Gaius ut fiat, Julius, et Proculus,

Mart. 11, 36, 7:

crebros ergo licet bibas trientes,

id. 1, 106, 8:

diluti bibis unciam Falerni,

id. v. 3 (cf. with potare:

sextantes et deunces,

id. 12, 28).—Hence, nomen bibere, Julium, etc., bibere:

ut jugulem curas, nomen utrumque bibam,

Mart. 8, 57, 26:

Laevia sex cyathis, septem Justina bibatur, Quinque Lycas, Lyde quattuor, Ida tribus,

id. 1, 71, 1 sq.:

Astyanacta bibes,

id. 8, 6, 16.—

Fluvium, undam, pruinas bibere ( poet.).

= aquam ex flumine bibere:

priusquam Pabula gustassent Trojae Xanthumque bibissent,

Verg. A. 1, 473:

jam crassus torrens bibitur tamen,

Stat. Th. 4, 821:

puram bibis amnibus undam,

Claud. Laud. Herc. 74.—

Trop., to arrive at the region of the river:

non illum nostri possunt mutare labores, Nec si... Hebrumque bibamus Sithoniasque nives... subeamus (i. e. si Thraciam adeamus),

Verg. E. 10, 65:

ante... Aut Ararim Parthus bibet, aut Germania Tigrim Quam, etc.,

sooner will the Parthians come to Germany, or the Germans to the country of the Parthians, id. ib. 1, 63:

turbaque Phasiacam Graia bibistis aquam,

Ov. H. 12, 10.—Hence,

Qui flumen bibunt, = the inhabitants of the country through which the river passes:

qui Tiberim Fabarimque bibunt,

Verg. A. 7, 715:

qui profundum Danubium bibunt,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 21:

qui Nilum ex ipso protinus ore bibunt,

Mart. 7, 88, 6:

populosque bibentes Euphraten,

Luc. 8, 213:

qui te, Nile, bibit, Claud. Prob. et Olybr. 38.—So of an inland sea: caesamque bibens Maeotin Alanus,

Claud. in Rufin. 1, 812.—Of a single person:

extremum Tanaim si biberes, Lyce,

Hor. C. 3, 10, 1.—Similarly, montium pruinas bibere, of the rivers fed by a mountain range:

amniumque... quicunque Odrysias bibunt pruinas,

Mart. 10, 7, 2: fluvios qui... Alpinasque bibunt de more pruinas, Claud. Prob. et Olybr. 255.—

Bibere aquas, to be drowned:

neu bibat aequoreas naufragus hostis aquas,

Ov. H. 7, 62.— Transf., of ships, to founder, to be wrecked: o utinam... Argo funestas pressa bibisset aquas! Ov. Am. 2, 11, 6.—

Sanguinem or cruorem bibere.

Sanguinem, in a figurative sense, = sanguinem sitire:

cujus sanguinem (Antonium) non bibere censeatis? (sitire, animo bibere),

Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 10.—

Cruorem bibere, to draw blood, to kill:

hasta virgineum alte bibit acta cruorem,

Verg. A. 11, 803; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 78.—

Transf. to things other than liquids.

Of concrete things: dixit et ardentes avido bibit ore favillas, breathed in, drew in (of the sparks of a funeral pyre), Mart. 1, 42, 5:

vigilandae noctes et fuligo lucubrationum bibenda,

inhale, Quint. 11, 3, 23.—

Figuratively, of abstract things.

= cupideaudire, legere:

pugnas et exactos tyrannos... bibit aure vulgus,

eagerly listens to, Hor. C. 2, 13, 32:

incipe: suspensis auribus ista bibam,

Prop. 3, 4, 8: hinc ille justitiae haustus bibat, imbibe (by reading) the love of justice, Quint. 12, 2, 31: illa divino fruitur sermone parentis, maternosque bibit mores, Claud. Nupt. Hon. et Mar. 231.—

To imbibe, be affected with:

infelix Dido, longumque bibebat amorem,

Verg. A. 1, 749:

totisque novum bibit ossibus ignem,

the fire of love, Stat. Achill. 1, 303.—

To draw out, exhaust: nudae illae artes omnem sucum ingenii bibunt, Quint. prooem. 24.—

To swallow, i. e. forget:

quamquam ego vinum bibo, mandata hau consuevi simul bibere una,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 1, 3. —

Transf., of inanim. subjects, to absorb liquids, draw, imbibe them:

id si feceris metreta oleum non bibet,

Cato, R. R. 100. —So trop.:

claudite jam rivos... sat prata biberunt,

Verg. E. 3, 111:

inriguumque bibant violaria fontem,

id. G. 4, 32:

quae (terra) bibit humorem,

absorbs moisture, id. ib. 2, 218:

amphora fumum bibere instituta,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 11:

mista bibunt molles lacrimis unguenta favillae,

Ov. F. 3, 561:

tunc bibit irriguus fertilis hortus aquas,

Tib. 2, 1, 44:

lanarum nigrae nullum colorem bibunt,

take no color, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 193; so,

candorem (i. e. colorem candidum) bibere,

id. 31, 11, 47, § 123: arcus bibit (aquas) and nubes bibunt (aquas), the rainbow, the clouds draw water (according to a popular belief among the ancients):

cur bibit arcus aquas?

Prop. 3, 5 (4, 4), 32:

et bibit ingens Arcus,

Verg. G. 1, 380.—And, jestingly, of an old woman given to drink: ecce autem, bibit arcus;

hercle, credo, hodie pluet,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 39 (44):

unde aures nubesque bibunt atque imbrifer arcus,

Stat. Th. 9, 405.—So with object understood:

bibite, festivae fores,

with reference to the wine spilled, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 88:

palma toto anno bibere amat, i. e. aquam,

Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 28.—

Absol. (the obj. acc. understood).

Sc. aquam:

nec sitis est exstincta priusquam vita bibendo (of those seized by the plague),

Ov. M. 7, 569.—

Of liquids in general:

numquam sitiens biberat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97:

edendi mihi erit bibendique finis desideria naturae restinguere,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:

ut nec bibant sine ambitione, nec edant,

id. ib. 12, 5:

conducit inter cibos bibere,

Plin. 23, 1, 23, § 41:

vino debemus homines quod soli animalium non sitientes bibimus,

id. 23, 1, 23, § 42.—

Esp. of wine:

es, bibe, animo obsequere mecum,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 82:

quamquam illud est dulce, esse et bibere,

id. Trin. 2, 1, 37:

jam diu factum postquam bibimus: nimis diu sicci sumus,

id. Pers. 5, 2, 45; id. Poen. 4, 2, 13:

decet luxuriosum bibendo mori,

Quint. 8, 5, 23:

ut jejuni biberent,

Plin. 14, 28 med. — Pass. impers. bibitur, they drink, he drinks, people drink:

dies noctisque estur, bibitur,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 78:

ab tertiā horā bibebatur, ludebatur, vomebatur,

Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 104:

bibitur usque eo dum de solio ministretur,

id. Pis. 27, 67.—

With adverbs or adverbial phrases.

Of manner:

jucundius bibere,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97; id. Att. 13, 52, 1:

large,

Plin. 10, 34, 52, § 105:

fit invitatio ut Graeco more biberetur, i. e. propinando,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66.—

With num. adv. denoting the number of cups:

jam bis bibisse oportuit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 122:

sic ago, semel bibo,

id. Rud. 3, 6, 46:

plus quam deciens, Sextiliane, bibis,

Mart. 1, 26, 10:

quare bis deciens, Sextiliane bibis?

id. 1, 11, 2.—

With abl. or prep. and abl.

Of the liquid, river, etc.:

de eo vino... bibito ante cenam,

Cato, R. R. 114: a fonte bibatur... [p. 236] an lacu, Mart. 9, 99, 9:

ab amne,

id. 12, 11:

ex aquā,

Prop. 2, 30, 32:

ex fonte,

id. 4, 4, 14.—

Of the vessel.

Abl.:

gemmā, i. e. poculo ex gemmā facto,

Verg. G. 2, 506:

caelato = e poculo caelato,

Juv. 12, 47:

conchā,

id. 6, 304:

fictilibus,

id. 10, 25:

testā,

Mart. 3, 82, 3:

vitro,

id. 1, 37, 2; 4, 85, 1:

ossibus humanorum capitum,

Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 12.—And bibere understood:

poscunt majoribus poculis, i. e. bibi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66.—

With ex: ex solido auro, L. Varius ap. Macr. 6, 1:

e gemmā,

Prop. 3, 3, 26.—

With in:

hac licet in gemmā bibas,

Mart. 14, 120:

in Priami calathis,

id. 8, 6, 16:

in auro,

Sen. Thyest. 453:

in argento potorio,

Dig. 34, 12, 21:

in ossibus capitum,

Flor. 3, 4, 2.—

Particular phrases.

Bibe si bibis = bibe nunc, si omnino bibere vis, a formula urging to drink, Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 33; 5, 4, 51 (cf.:

age, si quid agis,

id. ib. 5, 4, 35).—

Dare bibere, to give to drink, a Grecism, perh. only in the foll. passages: date illi biber, Titin ap. Charis. p. 99 P. (Com. Rel. v. 78 Rib.):

jubebat biber dari, Fann. Ann. ib: bibere da usque plenis cantharis,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 40 (45):

quod jussi ei dari bibere,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 4; cf.:

ut Jovi bibere ministraret,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 65:

ut bibere sibi juberet dari,

Liv. 40, 47, 5: cf.: dare with subj.:

tum vos date bibat tibicini,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 16.—And with rel. and subj.:

nimium dabat quod biberem,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 19:

dat aquam quam bibant,

id. Curc. 1, 3, 4.—

Prov.:

aut bibat aut abeat, taken from the Greek banquets, in which the chairman (arbiter bibendi,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 25) could demand unconditional submission to the drinking laws (ê pithi, ê apithi), Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 118.

bĭbo, ōnis, m. [1. bibo], a tippler, drunkard, Firm. Math. 5, 4 fin. —

Esp., a kind of worm bred in wine, Afran. ap. Isid. Orig. 12, 8, 16 (Com. Rel. v. 406 Rib.; al. bibiones).

bŏnĭtas, ātis, f. [bonus], the good quality of a thing, goodness, excellence (cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 28 Herz.; class., but mostly in prose).

Of concrete objects:

bonitas praediorum,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 7, 20:

agrorum,

id. Agr. 2, 16, 41; Caes. B. G. 1, 28:

agri aut oppidi,

Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 76:

praediorum,

id. Rosc. Am. 7, 20; Dig. 50, 16, 86:

terrae,

Lucr. 5, 1247:

soli,

Quint. 2, 19, 2:

aquae,

Phaedr. 4, 9, 8:

vini,

Plin. 14, 4, 6, § 55:

arboris,

id. 13, 9, 17, § 61:

gemmarum,

id. 37, 8, 37, § 116 al.:

vocis,

Cic. Or. 18, 59:

verborum,

id. ib. 49, 164:

mutuum eādem bonitate solvatur quā datum est,

Dig. 12, 1, 3:

secunda bonitas (amomi),

the second quality, Plin. 12, 13, 28, § 48; Dig. 45, 1, 75, § 2.—

Of abstract objects:

ingenii,

Cic. Off. 3, 3, 14:

causae,

id. Dom. 22, 57:

naturae,

id. Off. 1, 32, 118:

sapientiae,

Quint. 5, 10, 75. —

Esp. freq. of character, good, honest, or friendly conduct; goodness, virtue, integrity, blamelessness:

neque ego nunc de illius bonitate, sed de generi impudentiā disputo,

Cic. Agr. 3, 3, 13:

rustici cum fidem alicujus bonitatemque laudant, dignum esse dicunt, quīcum in tenebris mices, id. Off, 3, 19, 77: quae tuae fidei, justitiae bonitatique commendo,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 3; id. N. D. 3, 30, 75:

si recte vestram bonitatem atque prudentiam cognovi,

id. Quint. 17, 54:

nec justitiae ullus esset nec bonitati locus,

id. Fin. 3, 20, 66:

perennis,

Ov. Tr. 4, 5, 27:

eam potestatem bonitate retinebat,

integrity, Nep. Milt. 8, 3; so id. Timol. 5, 1.—

Kindness, friendliness, benevolence, benignity, affability: perpetua naturalis bonitas ( kind-heartedness, benevolence), quae nullis casibus neque agitur, neque minuitur, Nep. Att. 9, 1:

te oro per mei te erga bonitatem patris,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 54; Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

bonitas et beneficentia,

id. ib. 1, 43, 121;

3, 34, 84: homo liberalis et dissolutus et bonitate affluens,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

utrumque incredibile est, et Roscium quicquam per avaritiam appetisse, et Fannium quicquam per bonitatem amisisse,

id. ib. 7, 21:

multas hereditates nullā aliā re quam bonitate consecutus est,

Nep. Att. 21, 1:

bonitas, humanitas, misericordia,

Quint. 5, 1, 22; Tac. H. 1, 52. —

Esp., parental love, tenderness:

quid dicam... de bonitate in suos,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

facit parentes bonitas, non necessitas,

Phaedr. 3, 15, 18.

cădus, i ( gen. plur. cadūm, v. II. infra), m., = kados [Slav. kad, kadĭ; Serv. kada; Magyar, kád; Rouman. Kadŭ].

Lit., a large vessel for containing liquids, esp. wine; a bottle, jar, jug; mostly of earthen-ware, but sometimes of stone, Plin. 36, 22, 43, § 158; or even of metal, Verg. A. 6, 228.

A wine-jar, wine-flask:

cadi = vasa, quibus vina conduntur,

Non. p. 544, 11:

cadus erat vini: inde implevi hirneam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 273; so id. As. 3, 3, 34; id. Aul. 3, 6, 35; id. Mil. 3, 2, 36; 3, 2, 37; id. Poen. 1, 2, 47; id. Stich. 3, 1, 24:

cadum capite sistere,

to upset, id. Mil. 3, 2, 36:

vertere,

id. Stich. 5, 4, 39; 5, 4, 1:

vina bonus quae deinde cadis onerarat Acestes,

Verg. A. 1, 195:

fragiles,

Ov. M. 12, 243.—Hence poet., wine:

Chius,

Tib. 2, 1, 28; Hor. C. 3, 19, 5:

nec Parce cadis tibi destinatis,

id. ib. 2, 7, 20; 3, 14, 18.—

For other uses:

for containing honey,

Mart. 1, 56, 10;

oil,

id. 1, 44, 8;

hence, olearii,

oil-jars, Plin. 18, 30, 73, § 307;

for fruits,

id. ib.;

figs,

id. 15, 19, 21, § 82;

aloes,

id. 27, 4, 5, § 14; cf. id. 16, 8, 13, § 34.—As a money-pot, Mart. 6, 27, 6; also = urna, a funeral urn:

aënus,

Verg. A. 6, 228 Heyne.—

Transf., a measure for liquids (in this sense, gen. plur. cadum, Lucil. and Varr. ap. Non. p. 544, 13 and 16; Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96); syn. with amphora Attica (usu. = 1 1/2 amphorae, or 3 urnae, or 4 1/2 modii, or 12 congii, or 72 sextarii), Rhemn. Fann. Ponder. 84; Plin. 14, 15, 17, § 96 sq.; Isid. Orig. 16, 26, 13.

cārĭtas, ātis, f. [carus].

Prop., dearness, costliness, high price, etc. (opp. vilitas):

annonae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47; 2, 3, 92, § 215; id. Off. 3, 12, 50; Liv. 44, 7, 10; Suet. Ner. 45:

rei frumentariae (opp. vilitas annonae),

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:

nummorum,

id. Att. 9, 9, 4:

olei,

Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 273:

vini,

Suet. Aug. 42.—Also absol. caritas (sc. annonae), high prices, Cato, R. R. 3:

ut tum vendas cum caritas est,

Varr. R. R. 1, 69:

cum alter annus in vilitate, alter in summā caritate fuerit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 93, § 216; id. Off. 2, 17, 58.—

Trop., regard, esteem, affection, love (cf. amor, I.; in good prose;

syn.: benevolentia, favor, studium): cum deorum tum parentum patriaeque cultus eorumque hominum, qui aut sapientiā aut opibus excellunt, ad caritatem referri solet: conjuges autem et liberi, et fratres et alii, quos usus familiaritasque conjunxit, quamquam etiam caritate ipsā, tamen amore maxime continentur,

Cic. Part. Or. 25, 88; hence, opp. amor, as esteem to personal affection:

si id videare, quod sit utile ipsis, defendere... haec res amorem magis conciliat, illa virtutis defensio caritatem,

id. de Or. 2, 51, 206; cf. Treb. ap. id. Fam. 12, 16, 2; Liv. 24, 4, 8:

ut qui pacem belli amore turbaverant, bellum pacis caritate deponerent,

Tac. H. 2, 37: amor pathos, caritas êthos, Quint. 6, 2, 12:

caritas, quae est inter natos et parentes,

Cic. Lael. 8, 27;

Quint. prooem. § 6: liberalitate qui utuntur benevolentiam sibi conciliant et caritatem,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; id. Lael. 27, 102; Quint. 11, 1, 72:

ingenita erga patriam caritas,

Liv. 1, 34, 5:

retinere caritatem in aliquem,

Cic. Lael. 19, 70:

sanguine et caritate propior,

Tac. A. 6, 46:

caritatem paraverat loco auctoritatis,

id. Agr. 16 fin. — The subjoined gen. is usu. objective:

patriae et suorum,

Cic. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Sest. 24, 53; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1:

rei publicae,

Cic. Phil. 12, 8, 20; Liv. 2, 2, 5:

domini,

id. 1, 51, 8:

Syracusanorum,

id. 25, 28, 7:

Hieronis,

id. 24, 5, 1:

liberum,

id. 8, 7, 18:

filiae,

Tac. A. 12, 4:

ipsius soli,

Liv. 2, 1, 5:

sedium suarum,

id. 5, 42, 2; Quint. 6, 2, 14.—But sometimes also subjective, love entertained by one:

hominum, deorum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 122; id. de Or. 2, 58, 237:

civium,

id. Phil. 1, 12, 29; Liv. 24, 4, 8 (with amor);

or, more rarely, of the cause or ground of the love: caritas illius necessitudinis,

Cic. Sest. 3, 6:

benevolentiae,

id. Lael. 9, 32.—In plur. of the different species of affection:

omnes omnium caritates patria una complexa est,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57; id. Fin. 3, 22, 73:

liberum,

App. M. 5, p. 171.—

In late Lat., meton., caritates = cari, the loved persons, Amm. 18, 8, 14; 24, 1, 9.

censūra, ae, f. [censor].

The office of censor, censorship, Liv. 4, 8, 2; 4, 24, 3 sq.; 9, 34, 16 sq.; 9, 46, 10 et saep.; Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48; Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 44; Ov. F. 6, 647 et saep.—Prov.:

dat veniam corvis, vexat censura columbas,

Juv. 2, 63.—

Trop.

A judgment, opinion, in gen. (prob. not ante-Aug.), Ov. R. Am. 362:

vivorum,

Vell. 2, 36, 3:

vini,

Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 72:

culinarum,

id. 9, 54, 79, § 169:

cachinni,

Juv. 10, 31:

de omni scripto (Senecae) judicium censuramque facere,

Gell. 12, 2, 2. —

A severe, rigid judgment, severity: parentis, Treb. Gall. 3; Capitol. M. Aur. 22.

certāmen, ĭnis, n. [id.], a contest, struggle, strife, whether friendly or hostile, physical or intellectual; most freq. of a pugilistic contest of any kind; but also of contention in war.

A contest, struggle in games or otherwise.

Lit.:

videmusne apud quos eorum ludorum, qui gymnici nominantur, magnus honos sit, nullum ab iis, qui in id certamen descendant, devitari dolorem?

Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 62; cf. id. de Or. 2, 78, 317:

Hac celebrata tenus sancto certamina patri,

Verg. A. 5, 603; cf. Ov. M. 1, 446:

luctandi,

Quint. 12, 2, 12:

saliendi,

id. 10, 3, 6:

citharoedorum,

id. 4, 1, 2:

sacra,

id. 2, 8, 7 Spald.:

quinquennale triplex, musicum, gymnicum, equestre,

Suet. Ner. 12; cf. id. Vit. 4; id. Dom. 4:

bijugum,

Verg. A. 5, 144:

quadrigarum,

Suet. Claud. 21:

pedum,

Ov. M. 12, 304:

cursus,

id. ib. 7, 792;

10, 560: disci,

id. ib. 10, 177:

Veneris,

id. Am. 2, 10, 29 et saep.—

Meton., poet., the object contended for, the prize, Ov. M. 13, 129:

pecoris magistris Velocis jaculi certamina ponit in ulmo,

Verg. G. 2, 530 Heyne.—

Trop., a rivalry, contest, struggle, emulation, etc.:

certamen honestum (Stoicorum et Peripateticorum),

Cic. Fin. 2, 21, 68:

est mihi tecum pro aris et focis certamen,

id. N. D. 3, 40, 94:

est alicui certamen cum aliquo de principatu,

Nep. Them. 6, 3: certamen honoris et gloriae. Cic. Lael. 10, 34; cf. id. Off. 1, 12, 38; Sall. J. 41, 2; Quint. 10, 5, 5:

bona ratio cum perditā confligit. In ejus modi certamine ac proelio,

Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

pugna forensium certaminum,

id. 5, 12, 22:

eloquentiae inter juvenes,

Quint. 2, 17, 8:

verborum linguaeque,

Liv. 10, 22, 6:

laboris ac periculi,

id. 28, 19, 14:

amicitiae, benevolentiae,

id. 37, 53, 7:

bonae artis ac virtutis,

id. 37, 54, 19:

irarum,

id. 1, 7, 2; cf. id. 3, 39, 3:

conferendi (pecuniam),

id. 4, 60, 8:

patrum animos certamen regni ac cupido versabat,

id. 1, 17, 1; cf. id. 21, 31, 6:

leti (inter mulieres Indas),

Prop. 3 (4), 13, 19:

diu magnum inter mortales certamen fuit, vine corporis an virtute animi, etc.,

Sall. C. 1, 5; cf. Tib. 4, 1, 37.—Rarely with gen. of adversary:

si in virtutis certamen venerint ( = cum virtute),

Cic. Fin. 5, 24, 71 Madv. ad loc.— Poet.:

mite vini,

a drinking bout, Tib. 3, 6, 11.—Also poet.: certamina ponere, syn. with certamina instituere = agôna protithenai, to order, arrange a fight or contest, Verg. A. 5, 66; 8, 639; cf. id. G. 2, 530 Wagn.—Of inanimate things:

Arboribusque datumst variis exinde per auras Crescendi magnum inmissis certamen habenis,

Lucr. 5, 787.—

Esp., a military strife, battle, engagement, contest, fight, combat.

Subject. (diff. from the objective; cf.:

proeliam, pugna, bellum, etc.): horrida Romuleum certamina pango duellum,

Enn. Ann. 1, 1; 1, 476; 2, 6; 5, 1295; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 2; Lucr. 4, 844; Ov. M. 12, 180; Liv. 36, 19, 13:

aeterno certamine proelia pugnasque edere,

Lucr. 2, 117:

fit proelium acri certamine,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 28; cf.:

proelii certamen,

id. B. Alex. 16:

certamine,

with zeal, emulously, earnestly, Verg. A. 5, 197; Curt. [p. 320] 9, 4; Sil. 10, 536; cf.:

nec magni certaminis ea dimicatio fuit,

not severe, Liv. 21, 60, 7. —

Object., = proelium, pugna, etc.:

vario certamine pugnatum est,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

erat in celeritate omne positum certamen, utri, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 70:

bella atque certamina,

Sall. C. 33, 5:

ubi res ad certamen venit,

id. J. 13, 4:

in certamine ipso,

Liv. 2, 44, 11:

navalia,

a naval engagement, sea-fight, id. 31, 14, 4:

classicum,

Vell. 2, 85, 2:

saevit medio in certamine Mavors,

Verg. A. 8, 700 et saep.—Hence.

In the postAug. histt. for war in gen., Flor. 1, 20; Eutr. 1, 16; Just. 7, 2, 6; 7, 6, 6.