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  • 81 bonus

    bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.
    I.
    Attributively.
    A.
    As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.
    1.
    Vir bonus.
    (α).
    A man morally good (kalos kagathos):

    quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

    omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:

    ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,

    id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

    sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,

    id. Off. 3, 15, 64:

    qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,

    id. Lael. 5, 19:

    non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,

    id. Att. 7, 2, 4:

    ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:

    nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,

    id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—
    (β).
    An honest man:

    justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;

    3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,

    id. ib. 3, 19, 77:

    quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,

    id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—
    (γ).
    A man of good standing in the community:

    id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,

    Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:

    tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,

    Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;

    37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:

    vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:

    praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,

    Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—
    (δ).
    Ironically of bad men:

    sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:

    expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,

    Cic. Cael. 26, 63:

    nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,

    id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;

    so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:

    quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—
    (ε).
    Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):

    bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?

    Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—
    (ζ).
    As a conventional courtesy:

    homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:

    bone accusator,

    id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:

    sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,

    gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—
    2.
    Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:

    in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—
    3.
    With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:

    bonus consul,

    Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):

    boni tribuni plebis,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:

    bonus senator,

    id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:

    senator bonus,

    id. Dom. 4, 8:

    bonus judex,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:

    bonus augur (ironically),

    id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:

    bonus vates,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:

    bonus imperator,

    Sall. C. 60, 4:

    bonus dux,

    Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:

    naturam, optimam ducem,

    the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):

    bonus miles,

    Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:

    bonus orator,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

    optimus orator,

    id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:

    poeta bonus,

    id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

    scriptor bonus,

    Quint. 10, 1, 104:

    bonus advocatus,

    id. 5, 13, 10:

    bonus defensor,

    id. 5, 13, 3:

    bonus altercator,

    a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:

    bonus praeceptor,

    id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:

    bonus gubernator,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

    optimus opifex,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:

    sutor bonus,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 125:

    actor optimus,

    Cic. Sest. 57, 122:

    cantor optimus est modulator,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:

    melior gladiator,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

    bonus paterfamilias,

    a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

    bonus servus,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:

    dominus bonus,

    Cato, R. R. 14:

    bonus custos,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:

    filius bonus,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:

    patres,

    Quint. 11, 3, 178:

    parens,

    id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:

    uxor melior,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

    amicus,

    id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:

    amicus optimus,

    Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:

    optimus testis,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:

    auctor, in two senses,

    good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;

    and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),

    Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:

    bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,

    id. ib. 2, 23, 83:

    eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:

    optimus et fortissimus civis,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—
    4.
    Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:

    fata... bonique divi,

    Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:

    divis orte bonis,

    id. ib. 4, 5, 1:

    O bone deus!

    Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—
    (β).
    Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:

    (Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:

    Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 3, 36, 87:

    in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,

    id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:

    nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,

    id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—
    (γ).
    Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:

    di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!

    Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:

    di boni, boni quid porto!

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:

    di boni, quid hoc morbi est,

    id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:

    alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!

    Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—
    (δ).
    Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—
    5.
    Optimus as a laudatory epithet.
    (α).
    Vir optimus:

    per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,

    Cic. Sest. 1, 2:

    virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,

    id. ib. 35, 76:

    fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,

    id. ib.:

    consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,

    id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—
    (β).
    Femina bona, optima:

    tua conjunx bona femina,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

    hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,

    id. ib. —
    (γ).
    Senex, pater, frater, etc.:

    optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,

    Cic. Planc. 41, 97:

    insuevit pater optimus hoc me,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:

    C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—
    (δ).
    With proper names ( poet.):

    optimus Vergilius,

    Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:

    Maecenas optimus,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 27:

    optime Quinti,

    id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—
    (ε).
    Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:

    quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?

    Plin. Pan. 2, 7:

    gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!

    Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:

    ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:

    bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,

    Ov. F. 2, 637:

    optime Romulae Custos gentis,

    Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—
    6.
    Bonus and Bona, names of deities.
    (α).
    Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):

    Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,

    Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.

    in mal. part.,

    Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—
    (β).
    Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—
    (γ).
    Bona Fortuna:

    si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:

    Bonae Fortunae (signum),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:

    FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,

    Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —
    (δ).
    Bona Spes:

    Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,

    Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:

    BONAE SPEI,

    Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—
    (ε).
    BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:

    Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,

    Prop. 3, 24, 19.
    B.
    With nouns denoting things.
    1.
    Things concrete, denoting excellence:

    navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,

    Sen. Ep. 76, 13:

    gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,

    id. ib. 76, 14:

    id vinum erit lene et bono colore,

    Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:

    tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,

    Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:

    per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,

    id. ib. 73; cf.:

    bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:

    praedium bonum caelum habeat,

    good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:

    bona tempestate,

    in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:

    (praedium) solo bono valeat,

    by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:

    bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:

    villam bonam,

    Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

    bonus pons,

    Cat. 17, 5:

    scyphi optimi (= optime facti),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:

    perbona toreumata,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §

    38: bona domicilia,

    comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

    agrum Meliorem nemo habet,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:

    fundum meliorem,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:

    equus melior,

    id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

    bona cena,

    Cat. 13, 3:

    boni nummi,

    good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:

    super omnia vultus accessere boni,

    good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:

    mulier bona forma,

    of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:

    equus formae melioris,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:

    tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,

    fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:

    fruges bonae,

    Cat. 34, 19:

    ova suci melioris,

    of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:

    animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:

    bonum omen, 2. e.),

    Quint. 6, 3, 69:

    scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,

    good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,

    bona firmaque vox,

    Quint. 11, 3, 13.—
    2.
    Things abstract.
    a.
    Of physical well-being:

    ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:

    non bonus somnus de prandio est,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

    bona aetas,

    prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:

    optima aetate,

    id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:

    bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,

    Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—
    b.
    Of the mind and soul:

    meliore esse sensu,

    Cic. Sest. 21, 47:

    optima indoles,

    id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

    bona conscientia,

    Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:

    bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,

    with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:

    mens melior,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:

    duos optimae indolis filios,

    Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:

    bonum consilium,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    bona voluntas,

    a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:

    memoria bona,

    Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

    bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

    bonae rationes,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:

    pronuntiatio bona,

    Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—
    c.
    Of moral relations:

    ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;

    v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,

    Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:

    fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,

    of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:

    bona studia,

    moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:

    quidquid vita meliore parasti,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:

    Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,

    Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—
    d.
    Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:

    bono usui estis nulli,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:

    Optumo optume optumam operam das,

    id. Am. 1, 1, 122:

    bonam dedistis mihi operam,

    a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;

    v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    bonum otium,

    valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:

    bonis versibus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

    versus meliores,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:

    meliora poemata,

    Hor. A. P. 303:

    in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,

    Cic. Or. 8, 26:

    optimas fabulas,

    id. Off. 1, 31, 114:

    melius munus,

    id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—
    e.
    Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:

    de Procilio rumores non boni,

    unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:

    bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,

    about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:

    si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,

    id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.

    fortuna optima esse,

    to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:

    occasio tam bona,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:

    senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,

    Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:

    bona navigatio,

    id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;

    esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:

    ego sum spe bona,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:

    optima spe,

    id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;

    v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,

    more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:

    melior interpretatio,

    Tac. H. 3, 65:

    cum laude et bonis recordationibus,

    id. A. 4, 38:

    amnis Doctus iter melius,

    i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:

    omen bonum,

    a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.

    Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,

    Ov. F. 1, 221;

    optimum,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:

    bona scaeva,

    Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:

    auspicio optumo,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:

    memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—
    f.
    Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:

    optima res publica,

    id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

    minus bonis temporibus,

    id. Dom. 4, 8; so,

    optimis temporibus,

    id. Sest. 3, 6:

    nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:

    lex optima,

    id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—
    g.
    Good = large, considerable:

    bono atque amplo lucro,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 6:

    bona librorum copia,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:

    bona copia cornu,

    Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—
    h.
    Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:

    si bono genere natus sit,

    Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—
    k.
    Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.
    (α).
    Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:

    primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:

    bona tua venia dixerim,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:

    oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 7, 41, 3:

    obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,

    id. 6, 40, 10:

    cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,

    id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.

    . sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—
    (β).
    Bona pax, without quarrelling:

    bona pax sit potius,

    let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;

    so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,

    without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—
    (γ).
    Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:

    igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,

    Sall. J. 5, 5.—
    (δ).
    Bona societas, alliance:

    Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,

    Tac. A. 1, 58.
    C.
    In particular phrases.
    1.
    Bonae res.
    a.
    = Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:

    concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:

    optimis rebus usus est,

    he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—
    b.
    = Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:

    bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:

    in bonis rebus,

    Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —
    c.
    Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:

    homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,

    who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —
    d.
    Costly things, articles of luxury:

    capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:

    nimium rei bonae,

    id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:

    ignorantia bonarum rerum,

    Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:

    re bona copiosum esse,

    Gell. 16, 19, 7.—
    e.
    Moral, morally good:

    illi cum res non bonas tractent,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:

    ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 15:

    quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?

    id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:

    quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,

    id. Sen. 18, 65.—
    f.
    In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:

    res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:

    studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,

    Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—
    2.
    Bonae artes.
    (α).
    A good, laudable way of dealing:

    qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,

    Sall. C. 2, 9:

    huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,

    id. ib. 11, 2:

    quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,

    Tac. A. 6, 46.—
    (β).
    Liberal arts and sciences:

    litteris aut ulli bonae arti,

    Quint. 12, 1, 7:

    conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,

    Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:

    optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—
    3.
    Bona fides, or fides bona.
    a.
    Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:

    dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:

    si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—
    b.
    Jurid. t. t.
    (α).
    Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:

    ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,

    Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;

    41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,

    ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,
    (β).
    Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:

    actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,

    Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:

    quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,

    Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:

    iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,

    id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—
    4.
    Bona verba.
    (α).
    Kind words:

    Bona verba quaeso,

    Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—
    (β).
    Words of good omen (v. omen):

    dicamus bona verba,

    Tib. 2, 2, 1:

    dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,

    Ov. F. 2, 638.—
    (γ).
    Elegant or well-chosen expressions:

    quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,

    Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:

    verborum bonorum cursu,

    id. Brut. 66, 233:

    omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,

    Quint. 10, 1, 9.—
    (δ).
    Moral sayings:

    non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —
    5.
    Bona dicta.
    (α).
    Polite, courteous language:

    hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—
    (β).
    Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:

    dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:

    ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,

    id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—
    6.
    Bona facta.
    (α).
    = bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:

    nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),

    Tac. A. 3, 40.—
    (β).
    Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):

    bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:

    haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,

    id. ib. 45.— Hence,
    (γ).
    Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:

    peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,

    Suet. Caes. 80:

    et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,

    id. Vit. 14:

    hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,

    Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:

    o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,

    Tert. Pud. 1.—
    7.
    Bona gratia.
    (α).
    A friendly understanding:

    cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,

    per gratiam bonam abire,

    to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—
    (β).
    Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—
    8.
    Bona pars.
    (α).
    The well-disposed part of a body of persons:

    ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,

    Liv. 21, 4, 1:

    pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,

    id. 7, 21, 6.—
    (β).
    The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):

    civem bonarum partium,

    Cic. Sest. 32, 77:

    (fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,

    id. Cael. 6, 13:

    qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,

    Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—
    (γ).
    Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):

    bonam partem ad te adtulit,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:

    bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,

    Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:

    bonam magnamque partem exercitus,

    Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:

    bona pars noctium,

    Quint. 12, 11, 19:

    bona pars hominum,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:

    meae vocis... bona pars,

    id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:

    melior pars diei,

    Verg. A. 9, 156.—
    (δ).
    Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:

    nostri melior pars animus est,

    Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:

    quae pars optima est in homine,

    best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:

    major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,

    Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:

    Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,

    Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—
    (ε).
    Adverb.:

    bonam partem = ex magna parte,

    Lucr. 6, 1249.—
    (ζ).
    Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:

    Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,

    id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:

    quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,

    id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—
    9.
    Dies bonus or bona.
    (α).
    A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):

    tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,

    Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:

    nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,

    Ov. F. 1, 72.—
    (β).
    A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—
    10.
    Bonus mos.
    (α).
    Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:

    nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

    nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:

    domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,

    Sall. C. 9, 1:

    propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

    cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,

    Liv. 34, 6, 9:

    mores meliores,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—
    (β).
    Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:

    ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:

    neglegentia boni moris,

    Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:

    conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,

    in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —
    11.
    Adverbial phrases.
    a.
    Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.
    (α).
    To be of good cheer or courage:

    bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,

    Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:

    animo bono es,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:

    bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 26:

    bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:

    bono animo esse jubere eam consul,

    Liv. 39, 13, 7:

    habe modo bonum animum,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:

    habe animum bonum,

    id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:

    bonum animum habe,

    Liv. 45, 8, 5:

    clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,

    id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—
    (β).
    Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:

    audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:

    bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:

    quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—
    (γ).
    Bonus animus, good temper, patience:

    bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:

    vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,

    Ov. M. 9, 433.—
    b.
    Bono modo.
    (α).
    = placide, with composure, moderation:

    si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,

    Cato, R. R. 5:

    haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—
    (β).
    In a decent manner:

    neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —
    c.
    Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:

    te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:

    ut jure optimo me deserere posses,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:

    ne jure optimo irrideamur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;

    similarly, optimo judicio,

    Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.
    II.
    As subst.
    A.
    bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.
    1.
    In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.
    (α).
    Plur.:

    bonis quod bene fit haud perit,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:

    melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,

    Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

    verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,

    id. Lael. 14, 50:

    diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,

    Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:

    oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:

    tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:

    quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—
    (β).
    Sing.:

    malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:

    nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:

    qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—
    2.
    Bonus, a man of honor.
    (α).
    A brave man:

    pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:

    libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,

    Sall. C. 33, 5:

    fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):

    fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,

    Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —
    (β).
    A gentleman:

    quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—
    3.
    Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.
    (α).
    In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;

    so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,

    Cic. Sest. 16, 38:

    audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 47, 100:

    ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,

    id. Pis. 2, 4:

    etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,

    id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:

    maledictis increpat omnes bonos,

    Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,

    optimi,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:

    bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,

    id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—
    (β).
    Without reference to political views;

    opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:

    semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,

    Sall. C. 37, 3:

    elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,

    Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:

    ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:

    da locum melioribus,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—
    4.
    Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—
    5.
    Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.
    (α).
    Referring to morality:

    esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,

    every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

    qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,

    id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:

    quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?

    Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—
    (β).
    Of the educated classes:

    adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:

    Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,

    Sall. C. 34, 2:

    optimo cuique infesta libertas,

    Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—
    (γ).
    Honorable, brave:

    optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri,

    Sall. J. 92, 8.—
    (δ).
    In gen., excellent:

    optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,

    Sall. C. 8, 5.—
    (ε).
    Distributively:

    ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,

    to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—
    (ζ).
    Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):

    hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—
    (η).
    Attributively, with a noun:

    optimam quamque causam,

    Cic. Sest. 43, 93:

    optima quaeque dies,

    Verg. G. 3, 66.
    2.
    bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.
    1.
    Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;

    nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:

    quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,

    id. Par. 1, 1, 9:

    ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,

    id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

    non-est igitur voluptas bonum,

    id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:

    sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—
    2.
    Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:

    quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:

    multa bona vobis volt facere,

    will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:

    tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,

    id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:

    multa tibi di dent bona,

    id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:

    omnia Bona dicere,

    to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:

    sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

    cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,

    id. ib. 5, 41, 120:

    nihil enim boni nosti,

    nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:

    mala pro bonis legere dementia est,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:

    quia bonum sit valere,

    a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):

    melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,

    id. Lael. 6, 20:

    meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,

    id. Or. 1, 10, 43:

    optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,

    id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;

    v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,

    to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:

    ad melius transcurrere,

    to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—
    3.
    Bonum or bona, prosperity:

    fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:

    nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,

    id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:

    unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:

    quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),

    Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—
    4.
    Good qualities, gifts:

    omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:

    magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:

    nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,

    id. Cael. 5, 11:

    hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,

    id. ib. 17, 39:

    non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,

    id. Balb. 28, 63:

    gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,

    id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—
    5.
    Advantage, benefit:

    si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,

    Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:

    saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,

    id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:

    maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,

    Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:

    hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—
    6.
    With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:

    si bonum aequomque oras,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:

    si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:

    a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:

    istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,

    I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—
    7.
    Bona, one ' s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one's possessions.
    a.
    In gen.:

    paterna oportet reddi filio bona,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:

    bona sua med habiturum omnia,

    id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:

    bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,

    Cic. Sest. 24, 54:

    cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,

    id. ib. 30, 65:

    bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,

    id. Caecin. 13, 38:

    at mulctantur bonis exsules,

    id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—
    b.
    Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.
    (α).
    Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—
    (β).
    Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:

    postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:

    edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,

    Liv. 2, 24, 6:

    bona proscribere,

    to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—
    (γ).
    Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—
    c.
    In bonis esse;

    with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),

    Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:

    neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,

    ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.
    III.
    Predicative use.
    A.
    With nouns or pronouns as subjects.
    1.
    Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:

    nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:

    bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,

    id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:

    itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:

    Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,

    Sall. C. 54, 5:

    ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,

    Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin.
    2.
    To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:

    jam istuc non bonumst,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:

    oleum viridius et melius fiet,

    id. ib. 3:

    vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,

    to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:

    quid est homini salute melius?

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:

    non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,

    id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:

    quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?

    Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

    in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,

    id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:

    meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,

    Liv. 2, 51, 3:

    parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,

    Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:

    si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:

    quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,

    Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;

    3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;

    and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—
    3.
    To be kind:

    bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,

    Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:

    hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—
    4.
    With reference to the gods:

    ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:

    Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),

    Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—
    B.
    Impers.
    1.
    Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).
    (α).
    Without a subject:

    bonum sit!

    may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.—
    (β).
    With subject inf.:

    nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:

    bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,

    id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—
    2.
    Melius est.
    (α).
    With subject inf.:

    melius sanam est mentem sumere,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:

    nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,

    melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,

    it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:

    proinde quiesse erit melius,

    Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—
    (β).
    With subject inf.-clause:

    meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—
    (γ).
    With ut-clause:

    quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—
    (δ).
    With subjectclause in the subjunctive:

    nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—
    3.
    Optimum est.
    (α).
    With subject inf.:

    optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,

    Liv. 23, 34, 8:

    si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,

    Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—
    (β).
    With inf.-clause:

    constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—
    (γ).
    With ut and subj:

    hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—
    (δ).
    With quod:

    illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:

    optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,

    id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—
    (ε).
    With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):

    sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:

    optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 30:

    optumum factu credens exercitum augere,

    Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).
    IV.
    Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:

    di melius duint,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:

    di meliora velint!

    Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:

    di meliora! inquit,

    Cic. Sen. 14, 47:

    id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,

    Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;

    similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,

    Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.
    V.
    With object expressed,
    1.
    By dat.
    (α).
    = good, useful, beneficial for:

    ambula, id lieni optumum est,

    Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:

    quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,

    Sall. C. 20, 3:

    bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,

    Verg. G. 2, 447.—
    (β).
    = benignus or propitius, kind to:

    vicinis bonus esto,

    Cato, R. R. 4:

    bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,

    Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:

    vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,

    Verg. A. 12, 647.—
    (γ).
    = idoneus, fit for, adapted to:

    qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,

    Cato, R. R. 6:

    tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,

    id. ib. 26:

    terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,

    Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—
    (δ).
    With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:

    accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:

    bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,

    Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:

    quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:

    cui bono fuisset,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.

    ellipt. form cui bono?

    Prisc. p. 1208 P.—
    (ε).
    With dat. gerund:

    ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,

    Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:

    (mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,

    Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—
    2.
    By ad and acc.:

    refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 91:

    occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,

    Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:

    non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,

    Tac. A. 2, 14.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bonus

  • 82 calumnia

    călumnĭa (old form kălumnĭa; v. the letter K), ae, f. [perh. for calvomnia, from calvor; cf. incīlo], trickery, artifice, chicanery, cunning device.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    per obtrectatores Lentuli calumniā extracta res est,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 3:

    (Lucullus) inimicorum calumniā triennio tardius quam debuerat triumphavit,

    id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

    inpediti ne triumpharent calumniā paucorum, quibus omnia honesta atque inhonesta vendere mos erat,

    Sall. C. 30, 4:

    Metellus calumniā dicendi tempus exemit,

    Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3:

    cum omni morā, ludificatione, calumniā senatūs auctoritas impediretur,

    id. Sest. 35, 75.— Plur.:

    res ab adversariis nostris extracta est variis calumniis,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 4, 1.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    A pretence, evasion, subterfuge:

    juris judicium cum erit et aequitatis, cave in istā tam frigidā, tam jejunā calumniā delitescas,

    Cic. Caecin. 21, 61:

    senatus religionis calumniam non religione, sed malevolentiā... comprobat,

    id. Fam. 1, 1, 1:

    Carneades... itaque premebat alio modo nec ullam adhibebat calumniam,

    id. Fat. 14, 31:

    calumniam stultitiamque ejus obtrivit ac contudit,

    id. Caecin. 7, 18:

    illud in primis, ne qua calumnia, ne qua fraus, ne quis dolus adhibeatur,

    id. Dom. 14, 36:

    quae major calumnia est, quam venire imberbum adulescentulum... dicere se filium senatorem sibi velle adoptare?

    id. ib. 14, 37.—
    2.
    In discourse, etc., a misrepresentation, false statement, fallacy, cavil (cf.:

    cavillatio, perfugium): haec cum uberius disputantur et fusius, facilius effugiunt Academicorum calumniam,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20:

    (Carneades) saepe optimas causas ingenii calumniā ludificari solet,

    id. Rep. 3, 5, 9:

    nec Arcesilae calumnia conferenda est cum Democriti verecundiā,

    id. Ac. 2, 5, 14:

    si in minimis rebus pertinacia reprehenditur, calumnia etiam coërcetur,

    id. ib. 2, 20, 65:

    altera est calumnia, nullam artem falsis adsentiri opinionibus,

    Quint. 2, 17, 18:

    si quis tamen... ad necessaria aliquid melius adjecerit, non erit hac calumniā reprendendus,

    id. 12, 10, 43.—
    3.
    A false accusation, malicious charge, esp. a false or malicious information, or action at law, a perversion of justice ( = sukophantia):

    jam de deorum inmortalium templis spoliatis qualem calumniam ad pontifices adtulerit?

    false report, Liv. 39, 4, 11:

    Scythae... cum confecto jam bello supervenissent, et calumniā tardius lati auxilii, mercede fraudarentur,

    an unjust charge, Just. 42, 1, 2:

    quamquam illa fuit ad calumniam singulari consilio reperta ratio... Quae res cum ad pactiones iniquissimas magnam vim habuit, tum vero ad calumnias in quas omnes inciderent, quos vellent Apronius,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 15, § 38:

    causam calumniae reperire,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8, §

    21: (Heraclius), a quo HS. C. milia per calumniam malitiamque petita sunt,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 27, §

    66: mirari improbitatem calumniae,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 15, §

    37: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumniā quādam et nimis callidā juris interpretatione,

    id. Off. 1, 10, 33:

    iste amplam occasionem calumniae nactus,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 61:

    quem iste in decumis, in rebus capitalibus, in omni calumniā praecursorem habere solebat et emissarium,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 41, § 108; 2, 2, 9, §

    25: ad rapinas convertit animum, vario et exquisitissimo calumniarum et auctionum et vectigalium genere,

    Suet. Calig. 38 init.; cf.

    the context: calumniā litium alienos fundos petere,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 74:

    adeo illis odium Romanorum incussit rapacitas proconsulum, sectio publicanorum, calumniae litium,

    Just. 38, 7, 8:

    calumniarum metum inicere alicui,

    Suet. Caes. 20:

    principes confiscatos ob tam leve ac tam inpudens calumniarum genus, ut, etc.,

    id. Tib. 49:

    calumniis rapinisque intendit animum,

    id. Ner. 32:

    creditorum turbam... nonnisi terrore calumniarum amovit,

    id. Vit. 7:

    fiscales calumnias magna calumniantium repressit,

    id. Dom. 9 fin.Plur.:

    istae calumniae,

    App. Mag. 1, p. 273, 9; cf.:

    calumnia magiae,

    id. ib. 2, p. 274, 10.—
    4.
    Hence, jurid. t. t., the bringing of an action, whether civil or criminal, in bad faith:

    actoris calumnia quoque coërcetur,

    litigiousness on the part of the plaintiff, Just. Inst. 4, 16, 1 Sandars ad loc.; Gai Inst. 4, 174: vetus calumniae actio, a prosecution for blackmail or malicious prosecution, id. ib.: calumniam jurare, to take the oath that the action is brought or defence offered in good faith, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 3: sei juraverit calumniae causā non postulare, Lex Acil. Repetund. 19; Dig. 39, 2, 7; cf.: praeter jusjurandum exigere non calumniae causā infitias ire, Gai Inst. 4, 172:

    jusjurandum exigere non calumniae causā agere,

    id. ib. 4, 176.—Hence:

    nec satis habere bello vicisse Hannibalem, nisi velut accusatores calumniam in eum jurarent ac nomen deferrent,

    Liv. 33, 37, 5 Weissenb. ad loc; so,

    de calumniā jurare,

    Dig. 39, 2, 13, § 3: jusjurandum de calumniā, Gai Inst. 4, 179; Dig. 12, 3, 34 al.: et quidem calumniae judicium adversus omnes actiones locum habet, a conviction in a cross-action for malicious prosecution, Gai Inst. 4, 175:

    turpissimam personam calumniae honestae civitati inponere,

    to fasten the vile character of a malicious prosecutor upon, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 43:

    sine ignominiā calumniae accusationem relinquere non posse,

    id. Clu. 31, 86.— The person convicted of this charge was branded on the forehead with the letter K; v. calumniator.—
    II.
    Transf., a conviction for malicious prosecution ( = calumniae judicium, v. I. A. 4. supra):

    hic illo privato judicio, mihi credite, calumniam non effugiet,

    Cic. Clu. 59, 163: scito C. Sempronium Rufum, mel ac delicias tuas, calumniam maximo plausu tulisse, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 1:

    accusare alienae dominationis scelerisque socius propter calumniae metum non est ausus,

    Cic. Dom. 19, 49:

    perinde poenā teneri ac si publico judicio calumniae condemnatus,

    Tac. A. 14, 41:

    calumniam fictis eludere jocis,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 37.—
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    Of abstr. things: in hac igitur calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento, cum plurima ad alieni sensūs conjecturam, non ad suum judicium scribantur, i. e. when the writer ' s mind is made the fool of his fears, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4. —
    B.
    Contra se, a mistaken severity towards one ' s self:

    inveni qui Ciceroni crederent, eum (Calvum) nimiā contra se calumniā verum sanguinem perdidisse,

    Quint. 10, 1, 115 (referring to Cic. Brut. 82, 283: nimium inquirens in se atque ipse sese observans, metuensque ne vitiosum colligeret, etiam verum sanguinem deperdebat).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > calumnia

  • 83 capio

    1.
    căpĭo, cepi, captum (old fut. perf. capso, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 61: capsit, Enn. ap. Non. p. 66, 27, or Ann. v. 324 Vahl.; Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 6; Att. ap. Non. p. 483, 12, or Trag. Rel. v. 454 Rib.; Paul. ex. Fest. p. 57 Mull.:

    capsimus,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 15: capsis, acc. to Cic. Or. 45, 154, = cape si vis, but this is an error; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 66; old perf. cepet, Col. Rostr. 5; v. Wordsworth, Fragm. and Spec. p. 170), 3, v. a. [cf. kôpê, handle; Lat. capulum; Engl. haft; Germ. Heft; Sanscr. root hri-, take; cf. Gr. cheir, Engl. and Germ. hand, and Goth. hinthan, seize].
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen., to take in hand, take hold of, lay hold of, take, seize, grasp (cf.:

    sumo, prehendo): si hodie hercule fustem cepero aut stimulum in manum,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 9:

    cape hoc flabellum,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 47:

    cepit manibus tympanum,

    Cat. 6, 3, 8:

    tu, genitor, cape sacra manu patriosque Penatis,

    Verg. A. 2, 717:

    cape saxa manu, cape robora, pastor,

    id. G. 3, 420:

    flammeum,

    Cat. 61, 8:

    acria pocula,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 69:

    lora,

    Prop. 3 (4), 9, 57:

    baculum,

    Ov. M. 2, 789:

    colum cum calathis,

    id. ib. 12, 475:

    florem ternis digitis,

    Plin. 24, 10, 48, § 81:

    pignera,

    Liv. 3, 38, 12; Dig. 48, 13, 9, § 6; Gai Inst. 4, 29:

    ut is in cavea pignus capiatur togae,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 68: rem manu, Gai Inst. 1, 121:

    rem pignori,

    Dig. 42, 1, 15, § 7; cf. ib. 42, 1, 15, § 4:

    scutum laeva,

    Plin. 33, 1, 4, § 13:

    capias tu illius vestem,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 79: cape vorsoriam, seize the sheet, i. e. take a tack, turn about, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 19.—Very freq. of arms (cf. sumo); so in gen.: arma, to take up arms, i. e. engage in war or battle, Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 20 sq.; 9, 27; 11, 31; id. Planc. 36, 88; id. Phil. 4, 3, 7; Caes. B.G. 5, 26; 7, 4; Sall. C. 27, 4; 30, 1; 33, 2; 52, 27; id. J. 38, 5; 102, 12; Ov. M. 3, 115 sq.; 12, 91; 13, 221;

    and of particular weapons: ensem,

    Ov. M. 13, 435:

    tela,

    id. ib. 3, 307; 5, 366 et saep.—Of food, to take, partake of:

    quicum una cibum Capere soleo,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 61; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 77; Sall. J. 91, 2:

    lauti cibum capiunt,

    Tac. G. 22.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Of living objects.
    a. (α).
    Of persons:

    oppidum expugnavimus, et legiones Teleboarum vi pugnando cepimus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 258: summus ibi capitur meddix, occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Mull. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):

    quoniam belli nefarios duces captos jam et comprehensos tenetis,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16:

    ibi Orgetorigis filia atque unus e filiis captus est,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26:

    reges capiuntur,

    Lucr. 4, 1013; Tac. A. 4, 33:

    capta eo proelio tria milia peditum dicuntur,

    Liv. 22, 49, 18:

    quos Byzantii ceperat,

    Nep. Paus. 2, 3; id. Alcib. 9, 2; id. Dat. 2, 5; Quint. 6, 3, 61:

    captos ostendere civibus hostes,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:

    captus Tarento Livius,

    Cic. Brut. 18, 72:

    servus ex hoste captus,

    Quint. 5, 10, 67.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: captus, i, m., = captivus, a prisoner, captive:

    in captos clementia uti,

    Nep. Alcib. 5, 7:

    inludere capto,

    Verg. A. 2, 64:

    quae sit fiducia capto,

    id. ib. 2, 75:

    ex captorum numero,

    Liv. 28, 39, 10; Tac. A. 6, 1; 12, 37; 15, 1.—Also, capta, ae, f., a female captive:

    dicam hanc esse captam ex Caria, Ditem ac nobilem,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 47.—
    (β).
    Of animals, birds, fish, etc., to catch, hunt down, take: quid hic venatu non cepit? Varr. ap. Non. p. 253, 31:

    si ab avibus capiundis auceps dicatur, debuisse ajunt ex piscibus capiundis, ut aucupem, sic piscicupem dici,

    id. L. L. 8, § 61 Mull.:

    hic jaculo pisces, illa capiuntur ab hamis,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 763:

    neque quicquam captum'st piscium,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 12; cf.:

    nisi quid concharum capsimus,

    id. ib. v. 18; Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 27: acipenserem, Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12:

    cervum,

    Phaedr. 1, 5, 5; cf.:

    hic (Nereus) tibi prius vinclis capiendus,

    Verg. G. 4, 396.—
    b.
    To win, captivate, charm, allure, enchain, enslave, fascinate; mostly with abl. of means: Ph. Amore ardeo. Pa. Quid agas? nisi ut te redimas captum quam queas Minumo, Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 29:

    quod insit in iis aliquid probi, quod capiat ignaros,

    Cic. Off. 3, 3, 15: [p. 284] animum adulescentis... pellexit eis omnibus rebus, quibus illa aetas capi ac deleniri potest, id. Clu. 5, 13:

    quamvis voluptate capiatur,

    id. Off. 1, 30, 105; Quint. 5, 11, 19:

    quem quidem adeo sua cepit humanitate,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 3:

    secum habuit Pomponium, captus adulescentis et humanitate et doctrina,

    id. Att. 4, 1:

    nec bene promeritis capitur (deus), nec tangitur ira,

    Lucr. 2, 651: ut pictura poesis;

    erit quae si propius stes Te capiat magis, et quaedam si longius abstes,

    Hor. A. P. 362:

    hunc capit argenti splendor,

    id. S. 1, 4, 28:

    te conjux aliena capit,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 46:

    Cynthia prima suis miserum me cepit ocellis,

    Prop. 1, 1, 1:

    carmine formosae, pretio capiuntur avarae,

    Tib. 3, 1, 7:

    munditiis capimur,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 133; id. M. 4, 170; 6, 465; 7, 802; 8, 124; 8, 435; 9, 511; 10, 529;

    14, 373: amore captivae victor captus,

    Liv. 30, 12, 18:

    dulcedine vocis,

    Ov. M. 1, 709; 11, 170:

    voce nova,

    id. ib. 1, 678:

    temperie aquarum,

    id. ib. 4, 344:

    (bos) herba captus viridi,

    Verg. E. 6, 59:

    amoenitate loci,

    Tac. A. 18, 52:

    auro,

    Hor. C. 2, 18, 36:

    neque honoris neque pecuniae dulcedine sum captus,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    splendore hominis,

    id. Fin. 1, 13, 42: ne oculis quidem captis in hanc fraudem decidisti;

    nam id concupisti quod numquam videras,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 102.—
    c.
    To cheat, seduce, deceive, mislead, betray, delude, catch:

    sapientis hanc vim esse maximam, cavere ne capiatur, ne fallatur videre,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66:

    injurium autem'st ulcisci advorsarios? Aut qua via te captent eadem ipsos capi?

    Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 16: uti ne propter te fidemque tuam captus fraudatusque sim, form. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 17, 70:

    eodem captus errore quo nos,

    involved in the same error, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 6; id. ap. Non. p. 253, 25; cf.:

    ne quo errore milites caperentur,

    Liv. 8, 6, 16:

    capere ante dolis Reginam,

    Verg. A. 1, 673:

    captique dolis lacrimisque coactis (Sinonis),

    id. ib. 2, 196:

    ubi me eisdem dolis non quit capere,

    Sall. J. 14, 11:

    adulescentium animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,

    id. C. 14, 5:

    capi alicujus dolo,

    Nep. Dat. 10, 1:

    dolum ad capiendos eos conparant,

    Liv. 23, 35, 2:

    quas callida Colchis (i.e. Medea) amicitiae mendacis imagine cepit,

    Ov. M. 7, 301.—
    d.
    To defeat, convict, overcome in a suit or dispute (rare):

    tu si me impudicitiae captas, non potes capere,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 189:

    tu caves ne tui consultores, ille ne urbes aut castra capiantur (cf. B. 2. b. infra),

    Cic. Mur. 9, 22:

    callidus et in capiendo adversario versutus (orator),

    id. Brut. 48, 178.—
    e. (α).
    Of the physical powers, to lame, mutilate, maim, impair or weaken in the limbs, senses, etc. (only pass. capi, and esp. in part. perf. captus):

    mancus et membris omnibus captus ac debilis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

    ipse Hannibal... altero oculo capitur,

    loses an eye, Liv. 22, 2, 11:

    captus omnibus membris,

    id. 2, 36, 8:

    capti auribus et oculis metu omnes torpere,

    id. 21, 58, 5:

    oculis membrisque captus,

    Plin. 33, 4, 24, § 83:

    congerantur in unum omnia, ut idem oculis et auribus captus sit,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 117:

    si captus oculis sit, ut Tiresias fuit,

    id. Div. 2, 3, 9; Verg. G. 1, 183:

    habuit filium captum altero oculo,

    Suet. Vit. 6:

    censorem Appium deum ira post aliquot annos luminibus captum,

    Liv. 9, 29, 11; Val. Max. 1, 1, 17:

    lumine,

    Ov. F. 6, 204:

    princeps pedibus captus,

    Liv. 43, 7, 5; cf.:

    captum leto posuit caput,

    Verg. A. 11, 830;

    and of the mole: aut oculis capti fodere cubilia talpae,

    id. G. 1, 183.—
    (β).
    Of the mental powers, to deprive of sense or intellect; only in part. perf. captus, usu. agreeing with pers. subj., and with abl. mente, silly, insane, crazy, crazed, lunatic, mad:

    labi, decipi tam dedecet quam delirare et mente esse captum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    vino aut somno oppressi aut mente capti,

    id. Ac. 2, 17, 53; Quint. 8, 3, 4;

    rarely mentibu' capti,

    Lucr. 4, 1022; so,

    animo,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 107; very rarely with gen.:

    captus animi,

    Tac. H. 3, 73.— Absol.:

    virgines captae furore,

    Liv. 24, 26, 12.—Less freq. agreeing with mens or animus:

    viros velut mente capta cum jactatione fanatica corporis vaticinari,

    Liv. 39, 13, 12:

    captis magis mentibus, quam consceleratis similis visa,

    id. 8, 18, 11; cf.:

    capti et stupentes animi,

    id. 6, 36, 8.—
    f.
    To choose, select, elect, take, pick out, adopt, accept a person for a particular purpose or to sustain a particular office or relation:

    de istac sum judex captus,

    Plaut. Merc. 4, 3, 33:

    Aricini atque Ardeates de ambiguo agro... judicem populum Romanum cepere,

    Liv. 3, 71, 2:

    me cepere arbitrum,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 91:

    te mihi patronam capio, Thais,

    id. Eun. 5, 2, 48:

    quom illum generum cepimus,

    id. Hec. 4, 1, 22; cf.:

    non, si capiundos mihi sciam esse inimicos omnis homines,

    make them enemies thereby, id. And. 4, 2, 12:

    si quis magistrum cepit ad eam rem inprobum,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 21.—So the formula of the Pontifex Maximus, in the consecration of a vestal virgin: sacerdotem Vestalem, quae sacra faciat... ita te, Amata, capio, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 14; cf.:

    plerique autem capi virginem solam debere dici putant, sed flamines quoque Diales, item pontifices et augures capi dicebantur,

    Gell. 1, 12, 15:

    jam ne ea causa pontifex capiar?... ecquis me augurem capiat? Cat. ib. § 17: Amata inter capiendum a pontifice maximo appellatur, quoniam, quae prima capta est, hoc fuisse nomen traditum est, Gell. ib. § 19: rettulit Caesar capiendam virginem in locum Occiae,

    Tac. A. 2, 86; 4, 16; 15, 22:

    religio, quae in annos singulos Jovis sacerdotem sortito capi jubeat,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 127:

    C. Flaccus flamen captus a P. Licinio pontifice maximo erat,

    Liv. 27, 8, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.—
    2.
    Of places.
    a.
    To occupy, choose, select, take possession of, enter into; mostly milit. t. t., to take up a position, select a place for a camp, etc.:

    loca capere, castra munire,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 23:

    castris locum capere,

    Liv. 9, 17, 15; Suet. Aug. 94 fin.:

    locum capere castris,

    Quint. 12, 2, 5:

    ut non fugiendi hostis, sed capiendi loci causa cessisse videar,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 294:

    ad Thebanos transfugere velle, et locum extra urbem editum capere,

    Nep. Ages. 6, 2:

    nocte media profectus, ut locum quem vellet, priusquam hostes sentirent, caperet,

    Liv. 34, 14, 1:

    neminem elegantius loca cepisse, praesidia disposuisse,

    id. 35, 14, 9:

    erat autem Philopoemen praecipuae in ducendo agmine locisque capiendis solertiae atque usus,

    id. 35, 28, 1:

    locum cepere paulo quam alii editiorem,

    Sall. J. 58, 3:

    duces, ut quisque locum ceperat, cedere singulos,

    Dict. Cret. 2, 46; so,

    of position on the battle-field: quod mons suberat, eo se recipere coeperunt. Capto monte, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

    tenuit non solum ales captam semelsedem, sed, etc.,

    Liv. 7, 26, 5:

    quem quis in pugnando ceperat locum, eum amissa anima corpore tegebat,

    Flor. 4, 1; Sall. C. 61, 2; rarely with dat. of pers.:

    tumulum suis cepit,

    Liv. 31, 41, 9, for a tomb: LOCVM SIBI MONVMENTO CEPIT. Inscr. Grut. 346, 6;

    for taking the auspices' se (Gracchum) cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, vitio sibi tabernaculum captum fuisse,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11; cf.:

    Palatium Romulus, Remus Aventinum ad inaugurandum templa capiunt,

    Liv. 1, 6, 4;

    for refuge: omnes Samnitium copiae montes proximos fuga capiunt,

    id. 9, 43, 20:

    Anchises natum Conventus trahit in medios... Et tumulum capit,

    Verg. A. 6, 753; 12, 562:

    ante locum capies oculis ( = eliges),

    Verg. G. 2, 230 Serv. ad loc.: nunc terras ordine longo Aut capere aut captas jam despectare videntur (cycni), to select places on which to light, or to be just settling down on places already selected, id. A. 1, 396 Forbig. ad loc.—
    b.
    To take by force, capture, storm, reduce, conquer, seize:

    invadam extemplo in oppidum antiquom: Si id capso, etc.,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 61: oppidum vi, Cat. ap. Charis. 2, p. 191 P.:

    MACELLAM OPPVGNANDO,

    Col. Rostr. Inscr. Orell. 549:

    CORSICAM,

    Inscr. Orell. 551: oppida, Enn. ap. Prisc. 9, p. 868 P. (Ann. v. 487 Vahl.):

    ad alia oppida pergit, pauca repugnantibus Numidis capit,

    Sall. J. 92, 3; Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 16:

    Troja capta,

    Liv. 1, 1, 1; Hor. S. 2, 3, 191: Coriolos. Liv. 3, 71, 7:

    urbem opulentissimam,

    id. 5, 20, 1:

    ante oppidum Nolam fortissuma Samnitium castra cepit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72:

    castra hostium,

    Nep. Dat. 6, 7:

    concursu oppidanorum facto scalis vacua defensoribus moenia capi possent,

    Liv. 42, 63, 6:

    plurimas hostium vestrorum in Hispania urbes,

    id. 28, 39, 10:

    sedem belli,

    Vell. 2, 74, 3; cf. Cic. Mur. 9, 22 (B. 1. d. supra).— Trop.:

    oppressa captaque re publica,

    Cic. Dom. 10, 26: qui, bello averso ab hostibus, patriam suam cepissent, Liv. 3, 50, 15.—
    c.
    To reach, attain, arrive at, betake one ' s self to (mostly by ships, etc.):

    insulam capere non potuerant,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:

    onerariae duae eosdem quos reliqui portus capere non potuerunt,

    id. ib. 4, 36:

    accidit uti, ex iis (navibus) perpaucae locum caperent,

    id. ib. 5, 23:

    nostrae naves, cum ignorarent, quem locum reliquae cepissent,

    id. B. C. 3, 28: praemiis magnis propositis, qui primus insulam cepisset, Auct. B. Alex. 17.— Trop.:

    qui... tenere cursum possint et capere otii illum portum et dignitatis,

    Cic. Sest. 46, 99.—
    3.
    Of things of value, property, money, etc.
    a.
    In gen., to take, seize, wrest, receive, obtain, acquire, get, etc.:

    AVRVM, ARGENTVM,

    Col. Rostr. Inscr. Orell. 549:

    de praedonibus praedam capere,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 14:

    agros de hostibus,

    Cic. Dom. 49, 128:

    ut ager ex hostibus captus viritim divideretur,

    Liv. 4, 48, 2:

    quinqueremem una cum defensoribus remigibusque, Auct. B. Alex. 16, 7: naves,

    Nep. Con. 4, 4:

    classem,

    id. Cim. 2, 2:

    magnas praedas,

    id. Dat. 10, 2:

    ex hostibus pecuniam,

    Liv. 5, 20, 5; cf.:

    e nostris spolia cepit laudibus, Cic. poet. Tusc. 2, 9, 22: signum ex Macedonia,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 149:

    signum pulcherrimum Carthagine captum,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 38, §

    82: sed eccam ipsa egreditur, nostri fundi calamitas: nam quod nos capere oportet, haec intercipit,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 35:

    cape cedo,

    id. Phorm. 5, 8, 57:

    ut reliqui fures, earum rerum quas ceperunt, signa commutant,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74:

    majores nostri non solum id, quod de Campanis (agri) ceperant, non imminuerunt, etc.,

    id. Agr. 2, 29, 81:

    te duce ut insigni capiam cum laude coronam,

    Lucr. 6, 95.—With abstr. objects:

    paupertatem adeo facile perpessus est, ut de republica nihil praeter gloriam ceperit,

    Nep. Epam. 3, 4:

    ut ceteri, qui per eum aut honores aut divitias ceperant,

    id. Att. 7, 2:

    quoniam formam hujus cepi in me et statum,

    assumed, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 110:

    quare non committeret, ut is locus ex calamitate populi Romani nomen caperet,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 13:

    regnum Tiberinus ab illis Cepit,

    succeeded to, Ov. M. 14, 615.—
    b.
    In particular connections.
    (α).
    With pecuniam (freq. joined with concilio; v. infra), to take illegally, exact, extort, accept a bribe. take blackmail, etc., esp. of magistrates who were accused de pecuniis repetundis:

    his ego judicibus non probabo C. Verrem contra leges pecuniam cepisse?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10:

    HS. quadringentiens cepisse te arguo contra leges,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 10, § 26; cf.:

    quicquid ab horum quopiam captum est,

    id. ib. §

    27: tamen hae pecuniae per vim atque injuriam tuam captae et conciliatae tibi fraudi et damnationi esse deberent,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 40, §

    91: utrum (potestis), cum judices sitis de pecunia capta conciliata, tantam pecuniam captam neglegere?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 94, §

    218: quid est aliud capere conciliare pecunias. si hoc non est vi atque imperio cogere invitos lucrum dare alteri?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 30, §

    71: sequitur de captis pecuniis et de ambitu,

    id. Leg. 3, 20, 46:

    ita aperte cepit pecunias ob rem judicandam, ut, etc.,

    id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:

    quos censores furti et captarum pecuniarum nomine notaverunt,

    id. Clu. 42, 120:

    nondum commemoro rapinas, non exactas pecunias, non captas, non imperatas,

    id. Pis. 16, 38:

    si quis ob rem judicandam pecuniam cepisset... neque solum hoc genus pecuniae capiendae turpe, sed etiam nefarium esse arbitrabantur,

    id. Rab. Post. 7, 16; id. N. D. 3, 30, 70; Sall. J. 32, 1:

    ab regibus Illyriorum,

    Liv. 42, 45, 8:

    saevitiae captarumque pecuniarum teneri reum,

    Tac. A. 3, 67; 4, 31.—
    (β).
    Of inheritance and bequest, to take, inherit, obtain, acquire, get, accept:

    si ex hereditate nihil ceperit,

    Cic. Off, 3, 24, 93:

    qui morte testamentove ejus tantundem capiat quantum omnes heredes,

    id. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

    abdicatus ne quid de bonis patris capiat,

    Quint. 3, 6, 96:

    aut non justum testamentum est, aut capere non potes,

    id. 5, 14, 16:

    si capiendi Jus nullum uxori,

    Juv. 1, 55:

    qui testamentum faciebat, ei, qui usque ad certum modum capere potuerat, legavit, etc.,

    Dig. 22, 3, 27: quod ille plus capere non poterat, ib. fin.:

    qui ex bonis testatoris solidum capere non possit,

    ib. 28, 6, 6; 39, 6, 30.—
    (γ).
    Of regular income, revenue, etc., rents, tolls, profits, etc., to collect, receive, obtain: nam ex [p. 285] eis praediis talenta argenti bina Capiebat statim, Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 7:

    capit ille ex suis praediis sexcenta sestertia, ego centena ex meis,

    Cic. Par. 6, 3, 49:

    stipendium jure belli,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 28:

    quinquagena talenta vectigalis ex castro,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 4:

    vectigal ex agro eorum capimus,

    Liv. 28, 39, 13:

    quadragena annua ex schola,

    Suet. Gram. 23:

    si recte habitaveris... fundus melior erit... fructus plus capies,

    Cato, R. R. 4, 2.—
    C.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of profit, benefit, advantage, to take, seize, obtain, get, enjoy, reap (mostly in phrase fructum capere):

    metuit semper, quem ipsa nunc capit Fructum, nequando iratus tu alio conferas,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 59:

    honeste acta superior aetas fructus capit auctoritatis extremos,

    Cic. Sen. 18, 62:

    ex iis etiam fructum capio laboris mei,

    id. Div. 2, 5:

    ex quibus (litteris) cepi fructum duplicem,

    id. Fam. 10, 5, 1:

    multo majorem fructum ex populi existimatione illo damnato cepimus, quam ex ipsius, si absolutus esset, gratia cepissemus,

    id. Att. 1, 4, 2:

    fructum immortalem vestri in me et amoris et judicii,

    id. Pis. 14, 31:

    aliquem fructum dulcedinis almae,

    Lucr. 2, 971; 5, 1410; Luc. 7, 32.—In other connections:

    quid ex ea re tandem ut caperes commodi?

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 25:

    utilitates ex amicitia maximas,

    Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

    usuram alicujus corporis,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 108.—
    2.
    Of external characteristics, form, figure, appearance, etc., to take, assume, acquire, put on:

    gestum atque voltum novom,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 50 ' faciem aliquam cepere morando, Ov. M. 1, 421; 13, 605:

    figuras Datque capitque novas,

    id. ib. 15, 309:

    formam capit quam lilia,

    id. ib. 10, 212; cf.:

    duritiam ab aere,

    id. ib. 4, 751.— Transf., of plants, etc.:

    radicem capere,

    to take root, Cato, R. R. 51:

    cum pali defixi radices cepissent,

    Plin. 17, 17, 27, § 123:

    siliculam capere,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 23, 3:

    maturitatem capere,

    Col. 4, 23, 1:

    radix libere capit viris,

    Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 161:

    vires cepisse nocendi,

    Ov. M. 7, 417:

    (telinum) rursus refrigeratum odorem suum capit,

    Plin. 13, 1, 2, § 13.—
    3.
    Of mental characteristics, habits, etc., to take, assume, adopt, cultivate, cherish, possess:

    cape sis virtutem animo et corde expelle desidiam tuo,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 24:

    qua re si Glabrionis patris vim et acrimoniam ceperis ad resistendum hominibus audacissimis, si avi prudentiam ad prospiciendas insidias, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 52:

    aliquando, patres conscripti, patrium animum virtutemque capiamus,

    id. Phil. 3, 11, 29:

    consuetudinem exercitationemque,

    id. Off. 1, 18, 59:

    misericordiam,

    id. Quint. 31, 97:

    quam (adsuetudinem) tu dum capias, taedia nulla fuge,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 346:

    disciplinam principum,

    Plin. Pan. 46. —With dat.:

    quorum animis avidis... neque lex neque tutor capere est qui possit modum,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 14 Wagn. ad loc.—
    4.
    Of offices, employments, duties, etc., = suscipio, to undertake, assume, enter upon, accept, take upon one ' s self, etc.:

    nam olim populi prius honorem capiebat suffragio, Quam magistro desinebat esse dicto oboediens,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 34:

    o Geta, provinciam Cepisti duram,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 23:

    in te cepi Capuam, non quo munus illud defugerem,

    took command at Capua, Cic. Att. 8. 3, 4:

    consulatum,

    id. Pis. 2, 3; Sall. J. 63, 2:

    honores,

    Nep. Att. 7, 2; Suet. Aug. 26:

    imperium,

    id. Claud. 10:

    magistratum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 21, 62; Liv. 2, 33, 1; Suet. Aug. 2:

    magistratus,

    Sall. H. 1, 41, 21 Dietsch; Nep. Phoc. 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 75:

    capiatque aliquis moderamina (navis),

    Ov. M. 3, 644:

    rerum moderamen,

    id. ib. 6, 677:

    pontificatum maximum,

    Suet. Vit. 11:

    rem publicam,

    Sall. C. 5, 6:

    neve cui patrum capere eum magistratum liceret,

    Liv. 2, 33, 1:

    ut ceperat haud tumultuose magistratum majore gaudio plebis, etc.,

    id. 5, 13, 2.—Rarely with dat. of pers., to obtain for, secure for:

    patres praeturam Sp. Furio Camillo gratia campestri ceperunt,

    Liv. 7, 1, 2.—
    5.
    In gen., of any occupation, work, or undertaking, to begin, enter upon, take, undertake, etc.:

    augurium ex arce,

    Liv. 10, 7, 10:

    augurium capienti duodecim se vultures ostenderunt,

    Suet. Aug. 95; id. Vesp. 11:

    omen,

    Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104:

    in castris Romanis cum frustra multi conatus ad erumpendum capti essent,

    Liv. 9, 4, 1:

    rursus impetu capto enituntur,

    id. 2, 65, 5; Quint. 6, 1, 28; Suet. Aug. 42; id. Calig. 43: cursum, id. Oth. 6:

    a quibus temporibus scribendi capiatur exordium,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8:

    experimentum eorum inversa manu capitur,

    Plin. 13, 2, 3, § 19 ( poet.):

    nec vestra capit discordia finem,

    Verg. A. 10, 106:

    fugam,

    to take to flight, flee, Caes. B. G. 7, 26; so, capere impetum, to take a start, gather momentum:

    ad impetum capiundum modicum erat spatium,

    Liv. 10, 5, 6; cf.:

    expeditionis Germanicae impetum cepit,

    suddenly resolved to make, Suet. Calig. 43: capere initium, to begin:

    ea pars artis, ex qua capere initium solent,

    Quint. 2, 11, 1.— Transf., of place:

    eorum (finium) una pars, quam Gallos optinere dictum est, initium capit a flumine Rhodano,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

    a dis inmortalibus sunt nobis agendi capienda primordia,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 7.—
    6.
    Of an opportunity or occasion, to seize, embrace, take:

    si occassionem capsit,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 6:

    si lubitum fuerit, causam ceperit,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 8:

    quod tempus conveniundi patris me capere suadeat,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 9:

    si satis commode tempus ad te cepit adeundi,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 1.—
    7.
    Of operations of the mind, resolutions, purposes, plans, thoughts, etc., to form, conceive, entertain, come to, reach:

    quantum ex ipsa re conjecturam cepimus,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 25 MSS. (Fleck. al. ex conj. fecimus); Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 32:

    cum jam ex diei tempore conjecturam ceperat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 35:

    hujusce rei conjecturam de tuo ipsius studio, Servi, facillime ceperis,

    Cic. Mur. 4, 9.— Absol.:

    conjecturam capere,

    Cic. Div. 1, 57, 130:

    nec quid corde nunc consili capere possim, Scio,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 12:

    capti consili memorem mones,

    id. Stich 4, 1, 72:

    quo pacto porro possim Potiri consilium volo capere una tecum,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 66; 5, 2, 28:

    temerarium consilium,

    Liv. 25, 34, 7:

    tale capit consilium,

    Nep. Eum. 9, 3.— With inf.:

    confitendum... eadem te hora consilium cepisse hominis propinqui fortunas funditus evertere,

    Cic. Quint. 16, 53; Caes. B. G. 7, 71 init. —With ut:

    subito consilium cepi, ut exirem,

    Cic. Att. 7, 10 init. —With gen. gerund. (freq.):

    legionis opprimendae consilium capere,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 2:

    obprimundae reipublicae consilium cepit,

    Sall. C. 16, 4.—With sibi:

    si id non fecisset, sibi consilium facturos,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 20:

    ut ego rationem oculis capio,

    Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 2:

    cepi rationem ut, etc.,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 11.—
    8.
    Of examples, instances, proofs, etc., to take, derive, draw, obtain:

    ex quo documentum nos capere fortuna voluit quid esset victis extimescendum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

    quid istuc tam mirum'st, de te si exemplum capit? Ter And. 4, 1, 26: exemplum ex aliqua re,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

    praesagia a sole,

    Plin. 18, 35, 78, § 341:

    illud num dubitas quin specimen naturae capi debeat ex optima quaque natura?

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 32.—
    9.
    Of impressions, feelings, etc., to take, entertain, conceive, receive, be subjected to, suffer, experience, etc.:

    tantum laborem capere ob talem filium?

    Ter. And. 5, 2, 29:

    omnes mihi labores fuere quos cepi leves,

    id. Heaut. 2, 4, 19:

    laborem inanem ipsus capit,

    id. Hec. 3, 2, 9:

    ex eo nunc misera quem capit Laborem!

    id. And. 4, 3, 4: miseriam omnem ego capio;

    hic potitur gaudia,

    id. Ad. 5, 4, 22:

    satietatem dum capiet pater Illius quam amat,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 10:

    plus aegri ex abitu viri quam ex adventu voluptatis cepi,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 9:

    cum illa quacum volt voluptatem capit,

    id. ib. prol. 114:

    angor iste, qui pro amico saepe capiendus est,

    Cic. Lael. 13, 48:

    quae (benevolentia) quidem capitur beneficiis maxime,

    id. Off. 2, 9, 32:

    laetitiam quam capiebam memoria rationum inventorumque nostrorum,

    id. Fin. 2, 30, 96:

    lenire desiderium quod capiebat e filio,

    id. Sen. 15, 54:

    opinione omnium majorem animo cepi dolorem,

    id. Brut. 1, 1:

    itaque cepi voluptatem, tam ornatum virum fuisse in re publica,

    id. ib. 40, 147:

    ex civibus victis gaudium meritum capiam,

    Liv. 27, 40, 9:

    ne quam... invidiam apud patres ex prodiga largitione caperet,

    id. 5, 20, 2:

    ad summam laetitiam meam, quam ex tuo reditu capio, magnus illius adventu cumulus accedet,

    id. Att. 4, 19, 2 (4, 18, 3):

    laetitia, quam oculis cepi justo interitu tyranni,

    id. ib. 14, 14, 4:

    ex praealto tecto lapsus matris et adfinium cepit oblivionem,

    lost his memory, Plin. 7, 24, 24, § 90: virtutis opinionem, Auct. B. G. 8, 8: somnum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 44: taedium vitae, Nep. ap. Gell. 6 (7), 18, 11:

    maria aspera juro Non ullum pro me tantum (me) cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,

    Verg. A. 6, 352 Forbig. ad loc.:

    et in futurum etiam metum ceperunt,

    Liv. 33, 27, 10:

    voluptatem animi,

    Cic. Planc. 1, 1:

    malis alienis voluptatem capere laetitiae (cum sit),

    id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66:

    quaeque mihi sola capitur nunc mente voluptas,

    Ov. P. 4, 9, 37.—
    10.
    Transf., with the feelings, experience, etc., as subj., to seize, overcome, possess, occupy, affect, take possession of, move, etc. (cf. lambanô, in this sense and like 9. supra): nutrix: Cupido cepit miseram nunc me, proloqui Caelo atque terrae Medeai miserias, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63 (Trag. Rel. v. 291 Vahl.):

    edepol te desiderium Athenarum arbitror cepisse saepe,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 14:

    numquam commerui merito ut caperet odium illam mei,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

    sicubi eum satietas Hominum aut negoti odium ceperat,

    id. Eun. 3, 1, 14:

    nos post reges exactos servitutis oblivio ceperat,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 9:

    te cepisse odium regni videbatur,

    id. ib. 2, 36, 91:

    Romulum Remumque cupido cepit urbis condendae,

    Liv. 1, 6, 3:

    cupido eum ceperat in verticem montis ascendendi,

    id. 40, 21, 2:

    etiam victores sanguinis caedisque ceperat satietas,

    id. 27, 49, 8; Mel. 3, 5, 2:

    qui pavor hic, qui terror, quae repente oblivio animos cepit?

    Liv. 27, 13, 2:

    oblivio deorum capiat pectora vestra,

    id. 38, 46, 12:

    tantane te cepere oblivia nostri?

    Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 11:

    ut animum ejus cura sacrorum cepit,

    Liv. 27, 8, 6:

    hostis primum admiratio cepit, quidnam, etc.,

    id. 44, 12, 1:

    tanta meae si te ceperunt taedia laudis,

    Verg. G. 4, 332; cf. Anthol. Lat. I. p. 178;

    I. p. 196 Burm.: ignarosque loci passim et formidine captos Sternimus,

    Verg. A. 2, 384:

    infelix, quae tanta animum dementia cepit!

    id. ib. 5, 465; id. E. 6, 47:

    cum subita incautum dementia cepit amantem,

    id. G. 4, 488; cf. Anthol. Lat. I. p. 170, 15;

    I. p. 168, 14 Burm.: Tarquinium mala libido Lucretiae stuprandae cepit,

    Liv. 1, 57, 10:

    ingens quidem et luctus et pavor civitatem cepit,

    id. 25, 22, 1:

    tantus repente maeror pavorque senatum eorum cepit,

    id. 23, 20, 7:

    senatum metus cepit,

    id. 23, 14, 8: si me... misericordia capsit. Att. ap. Non. p. 483, 11 (Trag. Rel. v. 454 Rib.): nec tuendi capere satietas potest, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24 (Trag. Rel. v. 410 ib.):

    quantus timor socios populi Romani cepisset,

    Liv. 43, 11, 9.—
    11.
    Of injury, damage, loss, etc., to suffer, take, be subjected to:

    calamitatem,

    Cic. Div. 1, 16, 29:

    detrimenti aliquid in aliqua re,

    Col. 1, 8, 2.—Esp., in the legal formula, by which dictatorial powers were conferred by the senate upon the consuls or the entire magistracy in times of extreme danger to the state;

    videant ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat: decrevit quondam senatus, ut L. Opimius consul videret ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 4:

    Hernici tantum terrorem incussere patribus, ut, quae forma senatus consulti ultimae semper necessitatis habita est, Postumio, alteri consulum, negotium daretur, videret, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 3, 4, 9; cf. id. 6, 19, 2 sqq.:

    quod plerumque in atroci negotio solet, senatus decrevit, darent operam consules, ne quid, etc.... Ea potestas per senatum more Romano magistratui maxuma permittitur, exercitum parare, bellum gerere, coercere omnibus modis socios atque civis, domi militiaeque inperium atque judicium summum habere,

    Sall. C. 29, 2 sq.
    II.
    To take in, receive, hold, contain, be large enough for.
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen.: Ph. Sitit haec anus. Pa. Quantillum sitit? Ph. Modica'st, capit quadrantal, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 8:

    parte quod ex una spatium vacat et capit in se (ferrum),

    Lucr. 6, 1030:

    jam mare litus habet, plenos capit alveus amnes,

    Ov. M. 1, 344; cf.:

    terra feras cepit, volucres agitabilis aer,

    id. ib. 1, 75:

    dum tenues capiat suus alveus undas,

    id. ib. 8, 558:

    cunctosque (deos) dedisse Terga fugae, donec fessos Aegyptia tellus Ceperit,

    id. ib. 5, 324.—
    2.
    Esp., with negatives, not to hold, to be too small for, etc.; cf.:

    di boni, quid turba est! Aedes nostrae vix capient, scio,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 13:

    qui cum una domo jam capi non possunt, in alias domos exeunt,

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 54: nec jam se capit [p. 286] unda;

    volat vapor ater ad auras,

    Verg. A. 7, 466:

    non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 46:

    non capit se mare,

    Sen. Agam. 487:

    neque enim capiebant funera portae,

    Ov. M. 7, 607:

    officium populi vix capiente domo,

    id. P. 4, 4, 42:

    si di habitum corporis tui aviditati animi parem esse voluissent, orbis te non caperet,

    Curt. 7, 8, 12:

    ut non immerito proditum sit... Graeciam omnem vix capere exercitum ejus (Xerxis) potuisse,

    Just. 2, 10, 19.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To swallow up, ingulf, take in (rare):

    tot domus locupletissimas istius domus una capiet?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 7.—
    2. a.
    Affirmatively (rare):

    quidquid mortalitas capere poterat, implevimus,

    Curt. 9, 3, 7:

    si puer omni cura et summo, quantum illa aetas capit, labore, scripserit,

    Quint. 2, 4, 17:

    dummodo ejus aetatis sit, ut dolum capiat,

    Dig. 40, 12, 15.—
    b.
    With negatives:

    non capiunt angustiae pectoris tui (tantam personam),

    Cic. Pis. 11, 24:

    leones, qui... nec capere irarum fluctus in pectore possunt,

    Lucr. 3, 298:

    nec capiunt inclusas pectora flammas,

    Ov. M. 6, 466:

    vix spes ipse suas animo capit,

    id. ib. 11, 118:

    ardet et iram Non capit ipsa suam Progne,

    id. ib. 6, 610; cf.:

    sic quoque concupiscis quae non capis,

    Curt. 7, 8, 13:

    majora quam capit spirat,

    id. 6, 9, 11:

    ad ultimum magnitudinem ejus (fortunae) non capit,

    id. 3, 12, 20:

    infirma aetas majora non capiet,

    Quint. 1, 11, 13.—
    3.
    Transf., of things, to admit of, be capable of, undergo (post-Aug. and rare):

    rimam fissuramque non capit sponte cedrus,

    Plin. 16, 40, 78, § 212:

    molluscum... si magnitudinem mensarum caperet,

    id. 16, 16, 27, § 68:

    res non capit restitutionem, cum statum mutat,

    Dig. 4, 4, 19.—
    4.
    With inf., to be susceptible of, to be of a nature to, etc., = endechetai (late Lat.):

    nec capit humanis angoribus excruciari (Deus),

    Prud. Apoth. 154:

    crimina, quae non capiunt indulgeri,

    Tert. Pud. 1 fin.; id. Apol. 17; id. adv. Haer. 44 fin.; Paul. Nol. Carm. 9, 22.—
    5.
    Of the mind, to take, receive into the mind, comprehend, grasp, embrace (cf. intellego, to penetrate mentally, have insight into):

    sitque nonnumquam summittenda et contrahenda oratio, ne judex eam vel intellegere vel capere non possit,

    Quint. 11, 1, 45:

    nullam esse gratiam tantam, quam non vel capere animus meus in accipiendo... posset,

    id. 2, 6, 2:

    quae quidem ego nisi tam magna esse fatear, ut ea vix cujusquam mens aut cogitatio capere possit,

    Cic. Marcell. 2, 6; id. N. D. 1, 19, 49:

    senatus ille, quem qui ex regibus constare dixit, unus veram speciem Romani senatus cepit,

    Liv. 9, 17, 14:

    somnium laetius, quam quod mentes eorum capere possent,

    id. 9, 9, 14.—P. a. as subst.: Capta, ae, f., a surname of Minerva, as worshipped on the Coelian Mount, but for what reason is not known, Ov. F. 3, 837 sq.
    2.
    căpĭo, ōnis, f. [1. capio]; in the Lat. of the jurists,
    I.
    A taking:

    dominii,

    Dig. 39, 2, 18; Gell. 6 (7), 10, 3.—
    II.
    = usu capio or usucapio, the right of property acquired by prescription, Dig. 41, 1, 48, § 1; 41, 3, 21; 41, 5, 4; v. 1. usucapio.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > capio

  • 84 Capta

    1.
    căpĭo, cepi, captum (old fut. perf. capso, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 61: capsit, Enn. ap. Non. p. 66, 27, or Ann. v. 324 Vahl.; Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 6; Att. ap. Non. p. 483, 12, or Trag. Rel. v. 454 Rib.; Paul. ex. Fest. p. 57 Mull.:

    capsimus,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 15: capsis, acc. to Cic. Or. 45, 154, = cape si vis, but this is an error; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 66; old perf. cepet, Col. Rostr. 5; v. Wordsworth, Fragm. and Spec. p. 170), 3, v. a. [cf. kôpê, handle; Lat. capulum; Engl. haft; Germ. Heft; Sanscr. root hri-, take; cf. Gr. cheir, Engl. and Germ. hand, and Goth. hinthan, seize].
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen., to take in hand, take hold of, lay hold of, take, seize, grasp (cf.:

    sumo, prehendo): si hodie hercule fustem cepero aut stimulum in manum,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 9:

    cape hoc flabellum,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 47:

    cepit manibus tympanum,

    Cat. 6, 3, 8:

    tu, genitor, cape sacra manu patriosque Penatis,

    Verg. A. 2, 717:

    cape saxa manu, cape robora, pastor,

    id. G. 3, 420:

    flammeum,

    Cat. 61, 8:

    acria pocula,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 69:

    lora,

    Prop. 3 (4), 9, 57:

    baculum,

    Ov. M. 2, 789:

    colum cum calathis,

    id. ib. 12, 475:

    florem ternis digitis,

    Plin. 24, 10, 48, § 81:

    pignera,

    Liv. 3, 38, 12; Dig. 48, 13, 9, § 6; Gai Inst. 4, 29:

    ut is in cavea pignus capiatur togae,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 68: rem manu, Gai Inst. 1, 121:

    rem pignori,

    Dig. 42, 1, 15, § 7; cf. ib. 42, 1, 15, § 4:

    scutum laeva,

    Plin. 33, 1, 4, § 13:

    capias tu illius vestem,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 79: cape vorsoriam, seize the sheet, i. e. take a tack, turn about, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 19.—Very freq. of arms (cf. sumo); so in gen.: arma, to take up arms, i. e. engage in war or battle, Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 20 sq.; 9, 27; 11, 31; id. Planc. 36, 88; id. Phil. 4, 3, 7; Caes. B.G. 5, 26; 7, 4; Sall. C. 27, 4; 30, 1; 33, 2; 52, 27; id. J. 38, 5; 102, 12; Ov. M. 3, 115 sq.; 12, 91; 13, 221;

    and of particular weapons: ensem,

    Ov. M. 13, 435:

    tela,

    id. ib. 3, 307; 5, 366 et saep.—Of food, to take, partake of:

    quicum una cibum Capere soleo,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 61; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 77; Sall. J. 91, 2:

    lauti cibum capiunt,

    Tac. G. 22.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Of living objects.
    a. (α).
    Of persons:

    oppidum expugnavimus, et legiones Teleboarum vi pugnando cepimus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 258: summus ibi capitur meddix, occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Mull. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):

    quoniam belli nefarios duces captos jam et comprehensos tenetis,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16:

    ibi Orgetorigis filia atque unus e filiis captus est,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26:

    reges capiuntur,

    Lucr. 4, 1013; Tac. A. 4, 33:

    capta eo proelio tria milia peditum dicuntur,

    Liv. 22, 49, 18:

    quos Byzantii ceperat,

    Nep. Paus. 2, 3; id. Alcib. 9, 2; id. Dat. 2, 5; Quint. 6, 3, 61:

    captos ostendere civibus hostes,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:

    captus Tarento Livius,

    Cic. Brut. 18, 72:

    servus ex hoste captus,

    Quint. 5, 10, 67.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: captus, i, m., = captivus, a prisoner, captive:

    in captos clementia uti,

    Nep. Alcib. 5, 7:

    inludere capto,

    Verg. A. 2, 64:

    quae sit fiducia capto,

    id. ib. 2, 75:

    ex captorum numero,

    Liv. 28, 39, 10; Tac. A. 6, 1; 12, 37; 15, 1.—Also, capta, ae, f., a female captive:

    dicam hanc esse captam ex Caria, Ditem ac nobilem,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 47.—
    (β).
    Of animals, birds, fish, etc., to catch, hunt down, take: quid hic venatu non cepit? Varr. ap. Non. p. 253, 31:

    si ab avibus capiundis auceps dicatur, debuisse ajunt ex piscibus capiundis, ut aucupem, sic piscicupem dici,

    id. L. L. 8, § 61 Mull.:

    hic jaculo pisces, illa capiuntur ab hamis,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 763:

    neque quicquam captum'st piscium,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 12; cf.:

    nisi quid concharum capsimus,

    id. ib. v. 18; Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 27: acipenserem, Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12:

    cervum,

    Phaedr. 1, 5, 5; cf.:

    hic (Nereus) tibi prius vinclis capiendus,

    Verg. G. 4, 396.—
    b.
    To win, captivate, charm, allure, enchain, enslave, fascinate; mostly with abl. of means: Ph. Amore ardeo. Pa. Quid agas? nisi ut te redimas captum quam queas Minumo, Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 29:

    quod insit in iis aliquid probi, quod capiat ignaros,

    Cic. Off. 3, 3, 15: [p. 284] animum adulescentis... pellexit eis omnibus rebus, quibus illa aetas capi ac deleniri potest, id. Clu. 5, 13:

    quamvis voluptate capiatur,

    id. Off. 1, 30, 105; Quint. 5, 11, 19:

    quem quidem adeo sua cepit humanitate,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 3:

    secum habuit Pomponium, captus adulescentis et humanitate et doctrina,

    id. Att. 4, 1:

    nec bene promeritis capitur (deus), nec tangitur ira,

    Lucr. 2, 651: ut pictura poesis;

    erit quae si propius stes Te capiat magis, et quaedam si longius abstes,

    Hor. A. P. 362:

    hunc capit argenti splendor,

    id. S. 1, 4, 28:

    te conjux aliena capit,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 46:

    Cynthia prima suis miserum me cepit ocellis,

    Prop. 1, 1, 1:

    carmine formosae, pretio capiuntur avarae,

    Tib. 3, 1, 7:

    munditiis capimur,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 133; id. M. 4, 170; 6, 465; 7, 802; 8, 124; 8, 435; 9, 511; 10, 529;

    14, 373: amore captivae victor captus,

    Liv. 30, 12, 18:

    dulcedine vocis,

    Ov. M. 1, 709; 11, 170:

    voce nova,

    id. ib. 1, 678:

    temperie aquarum,

    id. ib. 4, 344:

    (bos) herba captus viridi,

    Verg. E. 6, 59:

    amoenitate loci,

    Tac. A. 18, 52:

    auro,

    Hor. C. 2, 18, 36:

    neque honoris neque pecuniae dulcedine sum captus,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    splendore hominis,

    id. Fin. 1, 13, 42: ne oculis quidem captis in hanc fraudem decidisti;

    nam id concupisti quod numquam videras,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 102.—
    c.
    To cheat, seduce, deceive, mislead, betray, delude, catch:

    sapientis hanc vim esse maximam, cavere ne capiatur, ne fallatur videre,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66:

    injurium autem'st ulcisci advorsarios? Aut qua via te captent eadem ipsos capi?

    Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 16: uti ne propter te fidemque tuam captus fraudatusque sim, form. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 17, 70:

    eodem captus errore quo nos,

    involved in the same error, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 6; id. ap. Non. p. 253, 25; cf.:

    ne quo errore milites caperentur,

    Liv. 8, 6, 16:

    capere ante dolis Reginam,

    Verg. A. 1, 673:

    captique dolis lacrimisque coactis (Sinonis),

    id. ib. 2, 196:

    ubi me eisdem dolis non quit capere,

    Sall. J. 14, 11:

    adulescentium animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,

    id. C. 14, 5:

    capi alicujus dolo,

    Nep. Dat. 10, 1:

    dolum ad capiendos eos conparant,

    Liv. 23, 35, 2:

    quas callida Colchis (i.e. Medea) amicitiae mendacis imagine cepit,

    Ov. M. 7, 301.—
    d.
    To defeat, convict, overcome in a suit or dispute (rare):

    tu si me impudicitiae captas, non potes capere,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 189:

    tu caves ne tui consultores, ille ne urbes aut castra capiantur (cf. B. 2. b. infra),

    Cic. Mur. 9, 22:

    callidus et in capiendo adversario versutus (orator),

    id. Brut. 48, 178.—
    e. (α).
    Of the physical powers, to lame, mutilate, maim, impair or weaken in the limbs, senses, etc. (only pass. capi, and esp. in part. perf. captus):

    mancus et membris omnibus captus ac debilis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

    ipse Hannibal... altero oculo capitur,

    loses an eye, Liv. 22, 2, 11:

    captus omnibus membris,

    id. 2, 36, 8:

    capti auribus et oculis metu omnes torpere,

    id. 21, 58, 5:

    oculis membrisque captus,

    Plin. 33, 4, 24, § 83:

    congerantur in unum omnia, ut idem oculis et auribus captus sit,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 117:

    si captus oculis sit, ut Tiresias fuit,

    id. Div. 2, 3, 9; Verg. G. 1, 183:

    habuit filium captum altero oculo,

    Suet. Vit. 6:

    censorem Appium deum ira post aliquot annos luminibus captum,

    Liv. 9, 29, 11; Val. Max. 1, 1, 17:

    lumine,

    Ov. F. 6, 204:

    princeps pedibus captus,

    Liv. 43, 7, 5; cf.:

    captum leto posuit caput,

    Verg. A. 11, 830;

    and of the mole: aut oculis capti fodere cubilia talpae,

    id. G. 1, 183.—
    (β).
    Of the mental powers, to deprive of sense or intellect; only in part. perf. captus, usu. agreeing with pers. subj., and with abl. mente, silly, insane, crazy, crazed, lunatic, mad:

    labi, decipi tam dedecet quam delirare et mente esse captum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    vino aut somno oppressi aut mente capti,

    id. Ac. 2, 17, 53; Quint. 8, 3, 4;

    rarely mentibu' capti,

    Lucr. 4, 1022; so,

    animo,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 107; very rarely with gen.:

    captus animi,

    Tac. H. 3, 73.— Absol.:

    virgines captae furore,

    Liv. 24, 26, 12.—Less freq. agreeing with mens or animus:

    viros velut mente capta cum jactatione fanatica corporis vaticinari,

    Liv. 39, 13, 12:

    captis magis mentibus, quam consceleratis similis visa,

    id. 8, 18, 11; cf.:

    capti et stupentes animi,

    id. 6, 36, 8.—
    f.
    To choose, select, elect, take, pick out, adopt, accept a person for a particular purpose or to sustain a particular office or relation:

    de istac sum judex captus,

    Plaut. Merc. 4, 3, 33:

    Aricini atque Ardeates de ambiguo agro... judicem populum Romanum cepere,

    Liv. 3, 71, 2:

    me cepere arbitrum,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 91:

    te mihi patronam capio, Thais,

    id. Eun. 5, 2, 48:

    quom illum generum cepimus,

    id. Hec. 4, 1, 22; cf.:

    non, si capiundos mihi sciam esse inimicos omnis homines,

    make them enemies thereby, id. And. 4, 2, 12:

    si quis magistrum cepit ad eam rem inprobum,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 21.—So the formula of the Pontifex Maximus, in the consecration of a vestal virgin: sacerdotem Vestalem, quae sacra faciat... ita te, Amata, capio, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 14; cf.:

    plerique autem capi virginem solam debere dici putant, sed flamines quoque Diales, item pontifices et augures capi dicebantur,

    Gell. 1, 12, 15:

    jam ne ea causa pontifex capiar?... ecquis me augurem capiat? Cat. ib. § 17: Amata inter capiendum a pontifice maximo appellatur, quoniam, quae prima capta est, hoc fuisse nomen traditum est, Gell. ib. § 19: rettulit Caesar capiendam virginem in locum Occiae,

    Tac. A. 2, 86; 4, 16; 15, 22:

    religio, quae in annos singulos Jovis sacerdotem sortito capi jubeat,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 127:

    C. Flaccus flamen captus a P. Licinio pontifice maximo erat,

    Liv. 27, 8, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.—
    2.
    Of places.
    a.
    To occupy, choose, select, take possession of, enter into; mostly milit. t. t., to take up a position, select a place for a camp, etc.:

    loca capere, castra munire,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 23:

    castris locum capere,

    Liv. 9, 17, 15; Suet. Aug. 94 fin.:

    locum capere castris,

    Quint. 12, 2, 5:

    ut non fugiendi hostis, sed capiendi loci causa cessisse videar,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 294:

    ad Thebanos transfugere velle, et locum extra urbem editum capere,

    Nep. Ages. 6, 2:

    nocte media profectus, ut locum quem vellet, priusquam hostes sentirent, caperet,

    Liv. 34, 14, 1:

    neminem elegantius loca cepisse, praesidia disposuisse,

    id. 35, 14, 9:

    erat autem Philopoemen praecipuae in ducendo agmine locisque capiendis solertiae atque usus,

    id. 35, 28, 1:

    locum cepere paulo quam alii editiorem,

    Sall. J. 58, 3:

    duces, ut quisque locum ceperat, cedere singulos,

    Dict. Cret. 2, 46; so,

    of position on the battle-field: quod mons suberat, eo se recipere coeperunt. Capto monte, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

    tenuit non solum ales captam semelsedem, sed, etc.,

    Liv. 7, 26, 5:

    quem quis in pugnando ceperat locum, eum amissa anima corpore tegebat,

    Flor. 4, 1; Sall. C. 61, 2; rarely with dat. of pers.:

    tumulum suis cepit,

    Liv. 31, 41, 9, for a tomb: LOCVM SIBI MONVMENTO CEPIT. Inscr. Grut. 346, 6;

    for taking the auspices' se (Gracchum) cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, vitio sibi tabernaculum captum fuisse,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11; cf.:

    Palatium Romulus, Remus Aventinum ad inaugurandum templa capiunt,

    Liv. 1, 6, 4;

    for refuge: omnes Samnitium copiae montes proximos fuga capiunt,

    id. 9, 43, 20:

    Anchises natum Conventus trahit in medios... Et tumulum capit,

    Verg. A. 6, 753; 12, 562:

    ante locum capies oculis ( = eliges),

    Verg. G. 2, 230 Serv. ad loc.: nunc terras ordine longo Aut capere aut captas jam despectare videntur (cycni), to select places on which to light, or to be just settling down on places already selected, id. A. 1, 396 Forbig. ad loc.—
    b.
    To take by force, capture, storm, reduce, conquer, seize:

    invadam extemplo in oppidum antiquom: Si id capso, etc.,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 61: oppidum vi, Cat. ap. Charis. 2, p. 191 P.:

    MACELLAM OPPVGNANDO,

    Col. Rostr. Inscr. Orell. 549:

    CORSICAM,

    Inscr. Orell. 551: oppida, Enn. ap. Prisc. 9, p. 868 P. (Ann. v. 487 Vahl.):

    ad alia oppida pergit, pauca repugnantibus Numidis capit,

    Sall. J. 92, 3; Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 16:

    Troja capta,

    Liv. 1, 1, 1; Hor. S. 2, 3, 191: Coriolos. Liv. 3, 71, 7:

    urbem opulentissimam,

    id. 5, 20, 1:

    ante oppidum Nolam fortissuma Samnitium castra cepit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72:

    castra hostium,

    Nep. Dat. 6, 7:

    concursu oppidanorum facto scalis vacua defensoribus moenia capi possent,

    Liv. 42, 63, 6:

    plurimas hostium vestrorum in Hispania urbes,

    id. 28, 39, 10:

    sedem belli,

    Vell. 2, 74, 3; cf. Cic. Mur. 9, 22 (B. 1. d. supra).— Trop.:

    oppressa captaque re publica,

    Cic. Dom. 10, 26: qui, bello averso ab hostibus, patriam suam cepissent, Liv. 3, 50, 15.—
    c.
    To reach, attain, arrive at, betake one ' s self to (mostly by ships, etc.):

    insulam capere non potuerant,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:

    onerariae duae eosdem quos reliqui portus capere non potuerunt,

    id. ib. 4, 36:

    accidit uti, ex iis (navibus) perpaucae locum caperent,

    id. ib. 5, 23:

    nostrae naves, cum ignorarent, quem locum reliquae cepissent,

    id. B. C. 3, 28: praemiis magnis propositis, qui primus insulam cepisset, Auct. B. Alex. 17.— Trop.:

    qui... tenere cursum possint et capere otii illum portum et dignitatis,

    Cic. Sest. 46, 99.—
    3.
    Of things of value, property, money, etc.
    a.
    In gen., to take, seize, wrest, receive, obtain, acquire, get, etc.:

    AVRVM, ARGENTVM,

    Col. Rostr. Inscr. Orell. 549:

    de praedonibus praedam capere,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 14:

    agros de hostibus,

    Cic. Dom. 49, 128:

    ut ager ex hostibus captus viritim divideretur,

    Liv. 4, 48, 2:

    quinqueremem una cum defensoribus remigibusque, Auct. B. Alex. 16, 7: naves,

    Nep. Con. 4, 4:

    classem,

    id. Cim. 2, 2:

    magnas praedas,

    id. Dat. 10, 2:

    ex hostibus pecuniam,

    Liv. 5, 20, 5; cf.:

    e nostris spolia cepit laudibus, Cic. poet. Tusc. 2, 9, 22: signum ex Macedonia,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 149:

    signum pulcherrimum Carthagine captum,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 38, §

    82: sed eccam ipsa egreditur, nostri fundi calamitas: nam quod nos capere oportet, haec intercipit,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 35:

    cape cedo,

    id. Phorm. 5, 8, 57:

    ut reliqui fures, earum rerum quas ceperunt, signa commutant,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74:

    majores nostri non solum id, quod de Campanis (agri) ceperant, non imminuerunt, etc.,

    id. Agr. 2, 29, 81:

    te duce ut insigni capiam cum laude coronam,

    Lucr. 6, 95.—With abstr. objects:

    paupertatem adeo facile perpessus est, ut de republica nihil praeter gloriam ceperit,

    Nep. Epam. 3, 4:

    ut ceteri, qui per eum aut honores aut divitias ceperant,

    id. Att. 7, 2:

    quoniam formam hujus cepi in me et statum,

    assumed, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 110:

    quare non committeret, ut is locus ex calamitate populi Romani nomen caperet,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 13:

    regnum Tiberinus ab illis Cepit,

    succeeded to, Ov. M. 14, 615.—
    b.
    In particular connections.
    (α).
    With pecuniam (freq. joined with concilio; v. infra), to take illegally, exact, extort, accept a bribe. take blackmail, etc., esp. of magistrates who were accused de pecuniis repetundis:

    his ego judicibus non probabo C. Verrem contra leges pecuniam cepisse?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10:

    HS. quadringentiens cepisse te arguo contra leges,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 10, § 26; cf.:

    quicquid ab horum quopiam captum est,

    id. ib. §

    27: tamen hae pecuniae per vim atque injuriam tuam captae et conciliatae tibi fraudi et damnationi esse deberent,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 40, §

    91: utrum (potestis), cum judices sitis de pecunia capta conciliata, tantam pecuniam captam neglegere?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 94, §

    218: quid est aliud capere conciliare pecunias. si hoc non est vi atque imperio cogere invitos lucrum dare alteri?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 30, §

    71: sequitur de captis pecuniis et de ambitu,

    id. Leg. 3, 20, 46:

    ita aperte cepit pecunias ob rem judicandam, ut, etc.,

    id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:

    quos censores furti et captarum pecuniarum nomine notaverunt,

    id. Clu. 42, 120:

    nondum commemoro rapinas, non exactas pecunias, non captas, non imperatas,

    id. Pis. 16, 38:

    si quis ob rem judicandam pecuniam cepisset... neque solum hoc genus pecuniae capiendae turpe, sed etiam nefarium esse arbitrabantur,

    id. Rab. Post. 7, 16; id. N. D. 3, 30, 70; Sall. J. 32, 1:

    ab regibus Illyriorum,

    Liv. 42, 45, 8:

    saevitiae captarumque pecuniarum teneri reum,

    Tac. A. 3, 67; 4, 31.—
    (β).
    Of inheritance and bequest, to take, inherit, obtain, acquire, get, accept:

    si ex hereditate nihil ceperit,

    Cic. Off, 3, 24, 93:

    qui morte testamentove ejus tantundem capiat quantum omnes heredes,

    id. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

    abdicatus ne quid de bonis patris capiat,

    Quint. 3, 6, 96:

    aut non justum testamentum est, aut capere non potes,

    id. 5, 14, 16:

    si capiendi Jus nullum uxori,

    Juv. 1, 55:

    qui testamentum faciebat, ei, qui usque ad certum modum capere potuerat, legavit, etc.,

    Dig. 22, 3, 27: quod ille plus capere non poterat, ib. fin.:

    qui ex bonis testatoris solidum capere non possit,

    ib. 28, 6, 6; 39, 6, 30.—
    (γ).
    Of regular income, revenue, etc., rents, tolls, profits, etc., to collect, receive, obtain: nam ex [p. 285] eis praediis talenta argenti bina Capiebat statim, Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 7:

    capit ille ex suis praediis sexcenta sestertia, ego centena ex meis,

    Cic. Par. 6, 3, 49:

    stipendium jure belli,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 28:

    quinquagena talenta vectigalis ex castro,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 4:

    vectigal ex agro eorum capimus,

    Liv. 28, 39, 13:

    quadragena annua ex schola,

    Suet. Gram. 23:

    si recte habitaveris... fundus melior erit... fructus plus capies,

    Cato, R. R. 4, 2.—
    C.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of profit, benefit, advantage, to take, seize, obtain, get, enjoy, reap (mostly in phrase fructum capere):

    metuit semper, quem ipsa nunc capit Fructum, nequando iratus tu alio conferas,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 59:

    honeste acta superior aetas fructus capit auctoritatis extremos,

    Cic. Sen. 18, 62:

    ex iis etiam fructum capio laboris mei,

    id. Div. 2, 5:

    ex quibus (litteris) cepi fructum duplicem,

    id. Fam. 10, 5, 1:

    multo majorem fructum ex populi existimatione illo damnato cepimus, quam ex ipsius, si absolutus esset, gratia cepissemus,

    id. Att. 1, 4, 2:

    fructum immortalem vestri in me et amoris et judicii,

    id. Pis. 14, 31:

    aliquem fructum dulcedinis almae,

    Lucr. 2, 971; 5, 1410; Luc. 7, 32.—In other connections:

    quid ex ea re tandem ut caperes commodi?

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 25:

    utilitates ex amicitia maximas,

    Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

    usuram alicujus corporis,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 108.—
    2.
    Of external characteristics, form, figure, appearance, etc., to take, assume, acquire, put on:

    gestum atque voltum novom,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 50 ' faciem aliquam cepere morando, Ov. M. 1, 421; 13, 605:

    figuras Datque capitque novas,

    id. ib. 15, 309:

    formam capit quam lilia,

    id. ib. 10, 212; cf.:

    duritiam ab aere,

    id. ib. 4, 751.— Transf., of plants, etc.:

    radicem capere,

    to take root, Cato, R. R. 51:

    cum pali defixi radices cepissent,

    Plin. 17, 17, 27, § 123:

    siliculam capere,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 23, 3:

    maturitatem capere,

    Col. 4, 23, 1:

    radix libere capit viris,

    Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 161:

    vires cepisse nocendi,

    Ov. M. 7, 417:

    (telinum) rursus refrigeratum odorem suum capit,

    Plin. 13, 1, 2, § 13.—
    3.
    Of mental characteristics, habits, etc., to take, assume, adopt, cultivate, cherish, possess:

    cape sis virtutem animo et corde expelle desidiam tuo,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 24:

    qua re si Glabrionis patris vim et acrimoniam ceperis ad resistendum hominibus audacissimis, si avi prudentiam ad prospiciendas insidias, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 52:

    aliquando, patres conscripti, patrium animum virtutemque capiamus,

    id. Phil. 3, 11, 29:

    consuetudinem exercitationemque,

    id. Off. 1, 18, 59:

    misericordiam,

    id. Quint. 31, 97:

    quam (adsuetudinem) tu dum capias, taedia nulla fuge,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 346:

    disciplinam principum,

    Plin. Pan. 46. —With dat.:

    quorum animis avidis... neque lex neque tutor capere est qui possit modum,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 14 Wagn. ad loc.—
    4.
    Of offices, employments, duties, etc., = suscipio, to undertake, assume, enter upon, accept, take upon one ' s self, etc.:

    nam olim populi prius honorem capiebat suffragio, Quam magistro desinebat esse dicto oboediens,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 34:

    o Geta, provinciam Cepisti duram,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 23:

    in te cepi Capuam, non quo munus illud defugerem,

    took command at Capua, Cic. Att. 8. 3, 4:

    consulatum,

    id. Pis. 2, 3; Sall. J. 63, 2:

    honores,

    Nep. Att. 7, 2; Suet. Aug. 26:

    imperium,

    id. Claud. 10:

    magistratum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 21, 62; Liv. 2, 33, 1; Suet. Aug. 2:

    magistratus,

    Sall. H. 1, 41, 21 Dietsch; Nep. Phoc. 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 75:

    capiatque aliquis moderamina (navis),

    Ov. M. 3, 644:

    rerum moderamen,

    id. ib. 6, 677:

    pontificatum maximum,

    Suet. Vit. 11:

    rem publicam,

    Sall. C. 5, 6:

    neve cui patrum capere eum magistratum liceret,

    Liv. 2, 33, 1:

    ut ceperat haud tumultuose magistratum majore gaudio plebis, etc.,

    id. 5, 13, 2.—Rarely with dat. of pers., to obtain for, secure for:

    patres praeturam Sp. Furio Camillo gratia campestri ceperunt,

    Liv. 7, 1, 2.—
    5.
    In gen., of any occupation, work, or undertaking, to begin, enter upon, take, undertake, etc.:

    augurium ex arce,

    Liv. 10, 7, 10:

    augurium capienti duodecim se vultures ostenderunt,

    Suet. Aug. 95; id. Vesp. 11:

    omen,

    Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104:

    in castris Romanis cum frustra multi conatus ad erumpendum capti essent,

    Liv. 9, 4, 1:

    rursus impetu capto enituntur,

    id. 2, 65, 5; Quint. 6, 1, 28; Suet. Aug. 42; id. Calig. 43: cursum, id. Oth. 6:

    a quibus temporibus scribendi capiatur exordium,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8:

    experimentum eorum inversa manu capitur,

    Plin. 13, 2, 3, § 19 ( poet.):

    nec vestra capit discordia finem,

    Verg. A. 10, 106:

    fugam,

    to take to flight, flee, Caes. B. G. 7, 26; so, capere impetum, to take a start, gather momentum:

    ad impetum capiundum modicum erat spatium,

    Liv. 10, 5, 6; cf.:

    expeditionis Germanicae impetum cepit,

    suddenly resolved to make, Suet. Calig. 43: capere initium, to begin:

    ea pars artis, ex qua capere initium solent,

    Quint. 2, 11, 1.— Transf., of place:

    eorum (finium) una pars, quam Gallos optinere dictum est, initium capit a flumine Rhodano,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

    a dis inmortalibus sunt nobis agendi capienda primordia,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 7.—
    6.
    Of an opportunity or occasion, to seize, embrace, take:

    si occassionem capsit,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 6:

    si lubitum fuerit, causam ceperit,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 8:

    quod tempus conveniundi patris me capere suadeat,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 9:

    si satis commode tempus ad te cepit adeundi,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 1.—
    7.
    Of operations of the mind, resolutions, purposes, plans, thoughts, etc., to form, conceive, entertain, come to, reach:

    quantum ex ipsa re conjecturam cepimus,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 25 MSS. (Fleck. al. ex conj. fecimus); Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 32:

    cum jam ex diei tempore conjecturam ceperat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 35:

    hujusce rei conjecturam de tuo ipsius studio, Servi, facillime ceperis,

    Cic. Mur. 4, 9.— Absol.:

    conjecturam capere,

    Cic. Div. 1, 57, 130:

    nec quid corde nunc consili capere possim, Scio,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 12:

    capti consili memorem mones,

    id. Stich 4, 1, 72:

    quo pacto porro possim Potiri consilium volo capere una tecum,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 66; 5, 2, 28:

    temerarium consilium,

    Liv. 25, 34, 7:

    tale capit consilium,

    Nep. Eum. 9, 3.— With inf.:

    confitendum... eadem te hora consilium cepisse hominis propinqui fortunas funditus evertere,

    Cic. Quint. 16, 53; Caes. B. G. 7, 71 init. —With ut:

    subito consilium cepi, ut exirem,

    Cic. Att. 7, 10 init. —With gen. gerund. (freq.):

    legionis opprimendae consilium capere,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 2:

    obprimundae reipublicae consilium cepit,

    Sall. C. 16, 4.—With sibi:

    si id non fecisset, sibi consilium facturos,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 20:

    ut ego rationem oculis capio,

    Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 2:

    cepi rationem ut, etc.,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 11.—
    8.
    Of examples, instances, proofs, etc., to take, derive, draw, obtain:

    ex quo documentum nos capere fortuna voluit quid esset victis extimescendum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

    quid istuc tam mirum'st, de te si exemplum capit? Ter And. 4, 1, 26: exemplum ex aliqua re,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

    praesagia a sole,

    Plin. 18, 35, 78, § 341:

    illud num dubitas quin specimen naturae capi debeat ex optima quaque natura?

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 32.—
    9.
    Of impressions, feelings, etc., to take, entertain, conceive, receive, be subjected to, suffer, experience, etc.:

    tantum laborem capere ob talem filium?

    Ter. And. 5, 2, 29:

    omnes mihi labores fuere quos cepi leves,

    id. Heaut. 2, 4, 19:

    laborem inanem ipsus capit,

    id. Hec. 3, 2, 9:

    ex eo nunc misera quem capit Laborem!

    id. And. 4, 3, 4: miseriam omnem ego capio;

    hic potitur gaudia,

    id. Ad. 5, 4, 22:

    satietatem dum capiet pater Illius quam amat,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 10:

    plus aegri ex abitu viri quam ex adventu voluptatis cepi,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 9:

    cum illa quacum volt voluptatem capit,

    id. ib. prol. 114:

    angor iste, qui pro amico saepe capiendus est,

    Cic. Lael. 13, 48:

    quae (benevolentia) quidem capitur beneficiis maxime,

    id. Off. 2, 9, 32:

    laetitiam quam capiebam memoria rationum inventorumque nostrorum,

    id. Fin. 2, 30, 96:

    lenire desiderium quod capiebat e filio,

    id. Sen. 15, 54:

    opinione omnium majorem animo cepi dolorem,

    id. Brut. 1, 1:

    itaque cepi voluptatem, tam ornatum virum fuisse in re publica,

    id. ib. 40, 147:

    ex civibus victis gaudium meritum capiam,

    Liv. 27, 40, 9:

    ne quam... invidiam apud patres ex prodiga largitione caperet,

    id. 5, 20, 2:

    ad summam laetitiam meam, quam ex tuo reditu capio, magnus illius adventu cumulus accedet,

    id. Att. 4, 19, 2 (4, 18, 3):

    laetitia, quam oculis cepi justo interitu tyranni,

    id. ib. 14, 14, 4:

    ex praealto tecto lapsus matris et adfinium cepit oblivionem,

    lost his memory, Plin. 7, 24, 24, § 90: virtutis opinionem, Auct. B. G. 8, 8: somnum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 44: taedium vitae, Nep. ap. Gell. 6 (7), 18, 11:

    maria aspera juro Non ullum pro me tantum (me) cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,

    Verg. A. 6, 352 Forbig. ad loc.:

    et in futurum etiam metum ceperunt,

    Liv. 33, 27, 10:

    voluptatem animi,

    Cic. Planc. 1, 1:

    malis alienis voluptatem capere laetitiae (cum sit),

    id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66:

    quaeque mihi sola capitur nunc mente voluptas,

    Ov. P. 4, 9, 37.—
    10.
    Transf., with the feelings, experience, etc., as subj., to seize, overcome, possess, occupy, affect, take possession of, move, etc. (cf. lambanô, in this sense and like 9. supra): nutrix: Cupido cepit miseram nunc me, proloqui Caelo atque terrae Medeai miserias, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63 (Trag. Rel. v. 291 Vahl.):

    edepol te desiderium Athenarum arbitror cepisse saepe,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 14:

    numquam commerui merito ut caperet odium illam mei,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

    sicubi eum satietas Hominum aut negoti odium ceperat,

    id. Eun. 3, 1, 14:

    nos post reges exactos servitutis oblivio ceperat,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 9:

    te cepisse odium regni videbatur,

    id. ib. 2, 36, 91:

    Romulum Remumque cupido cepit urbis condendae,

    Liv. 1, 6, 3:

    cupido eum ceperat in verticem montis ascendendi,

    id. 40, 21, 2:

    etiam victores sanguinis caedisque ceperat satietas,

    id. 27, 49, 8; Mel. 3, 5, 2:

    qui pavor hic, qui terror, quae repente oblivio animos cepit?

    Liv. 27, 13, 2:

    oblivio deorum capiat pectora vestra,

    id. 38, 46, 12:

    tantane te cepere oblivia nostri?

    Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 11:

    ut animum ejus cura sacrorum cepit,

    Liv. 27, 8, 6:

    hostis primum admiratio cepit, quidnam, etc.,

    id. 44, 12, 1:

    tanta meae si te ceperunt taedia laudis,

    Verg. G. 4, 332; cf. Anthol. Lat. I. p. 178;

    I. p. 196 Burm.: ignarosque loci passim et formidine captos Sternimus,

    Verg. A. 2, 384:

    infelix, quae tanta animum dementia cepit!

    id. ib. 5, 465; id. E. 6, 47:

    cum subita incautum dementia cepit amantem,

    id. G. 4, 488; cf. Anthol. Lat. I. p. 170, 15;

    I. p. 168, 14 Burm.: Tarquinium mala libido Lucretiae stuprandae cepit,

    Liv. 1, 57, 10:

    ingens quidem et luctus et pavor civitatem cepit,

    id. 25, 22, 1:

    tantus repente maeror pavorque senatum eorum cepit,

    id. 23, 20, 7:

    senatum metus cepit,

    id. 23, 14, 8: si me... misericordia capsit. Att. ap. Non. p. 483, 11 (Trag. Rel. v. 454 Rib.): nec tuendi capere satietas potest, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24 (Trag. Rel. v. 410 ib.):

    quantus timor socios populi Romani cepisset,

    Liv. 43, 11, 9.—
    11.
    Of injury, damage, loss, etc., to suffer, take, be subjected to:

    calamitatem,

    Cic. Div. 1, 16, 29:

    detrimenti aliquid in aliqua re,

    Col. 1, 8, 2.—Esp., in the legal formula, by which dictatorial powers were conferred by the senate upon the consuls or the entire magistracy in times of extreme danger to the state;

    videant ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat: decrevit quondam senatus, ut L. Opimius consul videret ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 4:

    Hernici tantum terrorem incussere patribus, ut, quae forma senatus consulti ultimae semper necessitatis habita est, Postumio, alteri consulum, negotium daretur, videret, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 3, 4, 9; cf. id. 6, 19, 2 sqq.:

    quod plerumque in atroci negotio solet, senatus decrevit, darent operam consules, ne quid, etc.... Ea potestas per senatum more Romano magistratui maxuma permittitur, exercitum parare, bellum gerere, coercere omnibus modis socios atque civis, domi militiaeque inperium atque judicium summum habere,

    Sall. C. 29, 2 sq.
    II.
    To take in, receive, hold, contain, be large enough for.
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen.: Ph. Sitit haec anus. Pa. Quantillum sitit? Ph. Modica'st, capit quadrantal, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 8:

    parte quod ex una spatium vacat et capit in se (ferrum),

    Lucr. 6, 1030:

    jam mare litus habet, plenos capit alveus amnes,

    Ov. M. 1, 344; cf.:

    terra feras cepit, volucres agitabilis aer,

    id. ib. 1, 75:

    dum tenues capiat suus alveus undas,

    id. ib. 8, 558:

    cunctosque (deos) dedisse Terga fugae, donec fessos Aegyptia tellus Ceperit,

    id. ib. 5, 324.—
    2.
    Esp., with negatives, not to hold, to be too small for, etc.; cf.:

    di boni, quid turba est! Aedes nostrae vix capient, scio,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 13:

    qui cum una domo jam capi non possunt, in alias domos exeunt,

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 54: nec jam se capit [p. 286] unda;

    volat vapor ater ad auras,

    Verg. A. 7, 466:

    non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 46:

    non capit se mare,

    Sen. Agam. 487:

    neque enim capiebant funera portae,

    Ov. M. 7, 607:

    officium populi vix capiente domo,

    id. P. 4, 4, 42:

    si di habitum corporis tui aviditati animi parem esse voluissent, orbis te non caperet,

    Curt. 7, 8, 12:

    ut non immerito proditum sit... Graeciam omnem vix capere exercitum ejus (Xerxis) potuisse,

    Just. 2, 10, 19.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To swallow up, ingulf, take in (rare):

    tot domus locupletissimas istius domus una capiet?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 7.—
    2. a.
    Affirmatively (rare):

    quidquid mortalitas capere poterat, implevimus,

    Curt. 9, 3, 7:

    si puer omni cura et summo, quantum illa aetas capit, labore, scripserit,

    Quint. 2, 4, 17:

    dummodo ejus aetatis sit, ut dolum capiat,

    Dig. 40, 12, 15.—
    b.
    With negatives:

    non capiunt angustiae pectoris tui (tantam personam),

    Cic. Pis. 11, 24:

    leones, qui... nec capere irarum fluctus in pectore possunt,

    Lucr. 3, 298:

    nec capiunt inclusas pectora flammas,

    Ov. M. 6, 466:

    vix spes ipse suas animo capit,

    id. ib. 11, 118:

    ardet et iram Non capit ipsa suam Progne,

    id. ib. 6, 610; cf.:

    sic quoque concupiscis quae non capis,

    Curt. 7, 8, 13:

    majora quam capit spirat,

    id. 6, 9, 11:

    ad ultimum magnitudinem ejus (fortunae) non capit,

    id. 3, 12, 20:

    infirma aetas majora non capiet,

    Quint. 1, 11, 13.—
    3.
    Transf., of things, to admit of, be capable of, undergo (post-Aug. and rare):

    rimam fissuramque non capit sponte cedrus,

    Plin. 16, 40, 78, § 212:

    molluscum... si magnitudinem mensarum caperet,

    id. 16, 16, 27, § 68:

    res non capit restitutionem, cum statum mutat,

    Dig. 4, 4, 19.—
    4.
    With inf., to be susceptible of, to be of a nature to, etc., = endechetai (late Lat.):

    nec capit humanis angoribus excruciari (Deus),

    Prud. Apoth. 154:

    crimina, quae non capiunt indulgeri,

    Tert. Pud. 1 fin.; id. Apol. 17; id. adv. Haer. 44 fin.; Paul. Nol. Carm. 9, 22.—
    5.
    Of the mind, to take, receive into the mind, comprehend, grasp, embrace (cf. intellego, to penetrate mentally, have insight into):

    sitque nonnumquam summittenda et contrahenda oratio, ne judex eam vel intellegere vel capere non possit,

    Quint. 11, 1, 45:

    nullam esse gratiam tantam, quam non vel capere animus meus in accipiendo... posset,

    id. 2, 6, 2:

    quae quidem ego nisi tam magna esse fatear, ut ea vix cujusquam mens aut cogitatio capere possit,

    Cic. Marcell. 2, 6; id. N. D. 1, 19, 49:

    senatus ille, quem qui ex regibus constare dixit, unus veram speciem Romani senatus cepit,

    Liv. 9, 17, 14:

    somnium laetius, quam quod mentes eorum capere possent,

    id. 9, 9, 14.—P. a. as subst.: Capta, ae, f., a surname of Minerva, as worshipped on the Coelian Mount, but for what reason is not known, Ov. F. 3, 837 sq.
    2.
    căpĭo, ōnis, f. [1. capio]; in the Lat. of the jurists,
    I.
    A taking:

    dominii,

    Dig. 39, 2, 18; Gell. 6 (7), 10, 3.—
    II.
    = usu capio or usucapio, the right of property acquired by prescription, Dig. 41, 1, 48, § 1; 41, 3, 21; 41, 5, 4; v. 1. usucapio.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Capta

  • 85 circumfluo

    circum-flŭo, xi, 3, v. n. and a., to flow round (class. in prose and poetry).
    (α).
    Neutr.:

    in poculis repletis circumfluere quod supersit,

    flows over all around, Plin. 2, 65, 68, § 163; cf. Curt. 8, 8, 12.—
    (β).
    Act.:

    utrumque latus circumfluit aequoris unda,

    Ov. M. 13, 779:

    Cariam circumfluunt Maeander et Orsinus,

    Plin. 5, 29, 29, § 108; cf.:

    cum aliae aquae subterfluant terras, aliae circumfluant,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; Dig. 41, 1, 30, § 2; Ov. M. 3, 74:

    cum (oceanus) omnis terras circumfluat,

    Gell. 12, 13, 20:

    Smyrna, quam circumfluit Meles fluvius,

    Mart. Cap. 6, § 686; Sen. Suas. 1, 4; 2, 5.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to flock around, encompass, surround:

    mulos circumfluxisse (lupum) et ungulis caedendo eum occidisse,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 2:

    circumfluxit nos cervorum, aprorum, etc., multitudo,

    id. ib. 3, 13, 3; cf.

    robora (dracones),

    Luc. 3, 421.—
    B.
    To be present or exist in rich abundance, to abound, overflow: circumfluentibus undique eloquentiae copiis, * Quint. 12, 10, 78:

    circumfluentibus quietae felicitatis insignibus,

    Just. 18, 7, 10.—Also with acc. pers.:

    secundis rebus, quae circumfluunt vos, insanire coepistis,

    Curt. 10, 2, 2.—
    C.
    Circumfluere aliquā re, like abundare, to overflow with, to have an abundance, to be rich in:

    omnibus copiis, atque in omnium rerum abundantiā vivere,

    Cic. Lael. 15, 52:

    circumfluens gloriā,

    id. Att. 2, 21, 3:

    Catilina circumfluens Arretinorum exercitu,

    id. Mur. 24, 49.—Also absol.:

    circumfluere atque abundare,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 9:

    insatiabilis avaritiae est, adhuc inplere velle, quod jam circumfluit,

    Curt. 8, 8, 12.—Of too great copiousness of diction:

    nec redundans, nec circumfluens oratio,

    too copious, Cic. Brut. 55, 203.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > circumfluo

  • 86 conclamo

    con-clāmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a., to cry or call out together.
    I.
    (Con subject.) To call or cry out together or in a body (hence often joined with omnes, universi, pariter, omnes pariter, Liv. 34, 61, 8; Curt. 5, 13, 5; 8, 11, 22; 10, 17, 3), to shout, esp. in approbation or assent (class. in prose and poetry).
    A.
    In gen., with acc. and inf.:

    cum vos universi, unā mente atque voce, iterum a me conservatam esse rem publicam conclamastis,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 3, 18; id. B. C. 1, 7; Tac. A. 1, 8;

    ducendum ad sedes simulacrum... conclamant,

    Verg. A. 2, 233 al. —With acc.:

    quod Mithridates se velle dixit, id sutores et zonarii conclamarunt,

    Cic. Fl. 7, 17:

    victoriam suo more,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 37:

    laetum paeana,

    Verg. A. 10, 738 al. —With ut:

    tum suo more conclamaverunt, uti, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 26 fin. —So with simple subj.:

    conclamantibus omnibus, imperaret quod vellet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 6; cf.:

    igitur, conclamant, duceret quo videretur,

    Curt. 4, 1, 29.— Absol.:

    conclamat vir paterque,

    Liv. 1, 58, 12:

    ad quorum casum, cum conclamasset gaudio exercitus,

    id. 1, 25, 6; Tac. A. 3, 74.— Poet.:

    planctu conclamat uterque Isthmos,

    Stat. Th. 6, 13.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Conclamare ad arma, milit. t. t., to call to arms, to give the signal for an attack, Liv. 3, 50, 11; 7, 12, 3; 10, 32, 9; 41, 26, 2 al.—
    2.
    Conclamare vasa, to give the signal, before breaking up, for packing, i. e. to give the order for decamping (ellipt. for conclamare, ut vasa colligantur), Caes. B. C. 1, 66. In the same sense without vasa, id. ib. 1, 67, and id. ib. 3, 75.—
    II.
    To call together, to call to one's help (very rare):

    socios,

    Ov. M. 13, 73:

    duros agrestes,

    Verg. A. 7, 504. —
    III.
    (Con intens.) Of a single person, to call or cry out loudly or violently, to shout, exclaim (class.).
    A.
    In gen.:

    ubi abit, conclamo: Heus quid agis tu, etc.?

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 22; id. Men. 5, 9, 94:

    Italiam primus conclamat Achates,

    Verg. A. 3, 523:

    hei mihi! conclamat,

    Ov. M. 6, 227; 7, 843:

    capta castra conclamavit,

    Tac. H. 3, 29 fin.:

    Ariovistus conclamavit, quid ad se venirent, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 47 fin.:

    deos omnes,

    to call upon, invoke, Sen. Oedip. 974:

    saxa querelis,

    to fill with cries, Mart. 9, 46, 5.— Absol.:

    conclamat virgo,

    cries out, Ov. M. 4, 691; 10, 385; Quint. 2, 2, 12 al.—
    B.
    Esp., with aliquem (mortuum), t. t. in the lang. of religion; of the dead, to call repeatedly by name, and lament him seven (acc. to others, eight) days, until his burial (cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 218; Schol. Luc. 2, 23;

    Dict. Antiq. p. 459, a.): ut ex maestis paulo ante domibus, quae conclamaverant suos, procurreretur in vias,

    Liv. 4, 40, 3:

    cum corpora nondum conclamata jacent,

    Luc. 2, 23:

    post conclamata imperatoris suprema,

    i. e. after this cry, Amm. 30, 10, 1:

    partem conclamare tori,

    Stat. S. 2, 6, 5.—
    b.
    In gen., to bewail, complain; cf.:

    videris immensis conclamata querelis Saxa,

    Mart. 9, 45, 5.—
    c.
    Prov.:

    jam conclamatum est,

    it is all over, all is lost, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 57 Don.—Hence,
    A.
    conclāmans, ntis, P. a. (post-class.), noisy:

    conclamantissimus fons,

    Sid. Ep. 2, 2.—
    B.
    conclāmā-tus, a, um, P. a. (post-class.).
    A.
    Published abroad by crying out, i. e. known, celebrated:

    conclamatissimus primipilaris,

    Sid. Ep. 6, 1:

    conclamatissimae declamationes,

    id. ib. 8, 3.—
    B.
    (Acc. to III. B.) Lamentable, unfortunate:

    res,

    Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 233:

    frigus,

    Macr. S. 7, 5, 26.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conclamo

  • 87 considero

    con-sīdĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [acc. to Corss. Nachtr. p. 43, from sidus, prop. to observe the stars; and so Paul. ex Fest. p. 42, 4, and 75, 8 Müll.; cf. desidero], to look at closely, attentively, carefully, to inspect, examine (class. in prose and poetry, esp. in the trop. signif.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    contemplari unum quidque otiose et considerare coepit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33:

    candelabrum etiam atque etiam,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 28, §

    65: argentum (with contemplari),

    id. ib. 2, 4, 15, §

    33: opus (pictorum),

    id. Off. 1, 41, 147:

    aliquem,

    Sall. C. 58, 18:

    pallium diligentius,

    Petr. 12, 3; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 63:

    feminas diligenter ac lente mercantium more,

    Suet. Calig. 36:

    formam, quā ludum gladiatorium erat aedificaturus,

    id. Caes. 31:

    lucentia sidera,

    Gell. 2, 21, 2:

    spatium,

    Ov. M. 3, 95 al. —
    (β).
    With acc. and inf. as object, to observe, perceive (very rare):

    cum folia decidere considerassent (corresp. with videre and animadvertere),

    Col. 11, 2, 67.—
    (γ).
    With a rel.-clause:

    num tamen exciderit ferrum considerat, hastae,

    Ov. M. 12, 105.—
    II.
    Trop., to consider maturely, to reflect, contemplate, meditate; constr. with the acc., with de, a rel.-clause, ut, or absol.
    (α).
    With acc.:

    mecum in animo vitam tuam,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 5; so,

    eos casus mecum ipse,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 1, 3:

    reliquum est, quod ipsae optime considerabitis, vestri similes feminae sintne Romae,

    id. Fam. 14, 14, 1:

    res atque pericula nostra,

    Sall. C. 52, 2:

    simul ipse qui suadet considerandus est,

    Tac. H. 2, 76.— With ex:

    Rosciorum factum ex ipsius Chrysogoni judicio,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 108. —With aliquid ex aliquā re:

    aliquid ex se et ex suā naturā,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 10, 14; 2, 58, 176.—
    (β).
    With de:

    cum de me ipso ac de meis te considerare velim,

    Cic. Att. 7, 13, 3:

    his de rebus velim cum Pomponio consideretis,

    id. ib. 14, 14, 2:

    de quā (intercessione) isti ipsi considerabunt,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

    de totā re,

    id. Att. 12, 24, 1.— Impers.:

    quale sit id, de quo consideretur,

    inquiry is made, Cic. Off. 3, 4, 18.—
    (γ).
    With rel.-clause:

    considerate cum vestris animis vosmet ipsi, ecquem putetis, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 29:

    sed velim consideres, quid faciendum putes,

    id. Att. 7, 13, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 174; Liv. 45, 12, 5:

    consideres quid agas, quo progrediare, quem hominem et quā ratione defendas,

    Cic. Verr 2, 5, 68, § 174; Sall. C. 20, 6; 44, 5; Quint. 8, 3, 15; 3, 8, 51 al.: finitimos hostes an amicos velis esse considera, Curt. 7, 8, 30.—So impers.:

    in quā (parte) quid juris sit consideratur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 11, 14.—
    (δ).
    With ut or ne, to take care, to be considerate (rare):

    considerandum erit, ut solum pingue sit,

    Col. 2, 2, 17; so,

    ut lunā crescente id fiat,

    id. 8, 5, 9.— Impers.:

    considerandum est, ne aut temere desperet, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 21, 73.—
    (ε).
    Absol.:

    ille se considerare velle (ait),

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1.—Hence,
    A.
    con-sīdĕranter, adv. (of the P. a. considerans. which is not used), = considerate, in a deliberate, considerate manner (post-Aug. and rare):

    agere,

    Val. Max. 8, 1, Ambust. 2:

    cuneum deponere,

    Pall. Febr. 17, 2.— Comp. considerantius, acc. to Fronto, p. 2194 P., but without voucher.— Sup. not in use.—
    B.
    consīdĕrātus, a, um, P. a., in acc. with 11., maturely reflected upon, considerate, circumspect, cautious, etc. (in good prose; most freq. in Cic.; not in Quint.).
    1.
    Of things:

    verbum consideratissimum, arbitror,

    Cic. Font. 9, 19 (v. arbitror, II.):

    considerata atque provisa via vivendi,

    id. Par. 5, 1, 34; cf.:

    considerata (et diligens) excogitatio faciendi aliquid aut non faciendi,

    id. Inv. 2, 5, 18:

    nihil,

    id. Har. Resp. 2, 3:

    factum,

    id. Sull. 26, 72:

    ratio,

    id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:

    tarditas,

    id. Brut. 42, 154: facilitas parum considerata, Cod. Th. 8, 5, 19.— Comp.:

    consilium,

    Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2.—
    2.
    Transf., as in Engl., to the person:

    homo,

    Cic. Caecin. 1, 1; id. Quint. 3, 11:

    consideratus ac sapiens,

    Plin. Pan. 44, 5:

    tardum pro considerato vocent,

    Liv. 22, 39, 20.— Comp.: consideratior factus Caesar (with tardior), Auct. B. Afr. 73; cf.:

    unā in re paulo minus consideratus,

    Cic. Quint. 3, 11.— Adv.: consīdĕrātē, considerately:

    fieri,

    Cic. Quint. 16, 51; id. Off. 1, 38, 136:

    agere,

    id. ib. 1, 27, 94 al.— Comp., Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 9; Liv. 4, 45, 8; Suet. Caes. 77.— Sup., Cic. Att. 9, 10, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > considero

  • 88 conspiciens

    1.
    con-spĭcĭo, spexi, spectum, 3, v. a. and n., to look at attentively, to get sight of, to descry, perceive, observe (class. in prose and poetry).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    inter eas regiones, quā oculi conspiciant,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 9 Müll.:

    in tabernam,

    Petr. 140, 14.—
    (β).
    With acc.:

    me interrogas, Qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 122:

    quae aedes... quas quotiensquomque conspicio, fleo,

    id. Capt. 1, 1, 29:

    si queat usquam Conspicere amissum fetum,

    Lucr. 2, 358: quandoque te in jure conspicio, Leg. Act. ap. Cic. Caecin. 19, 54, and id. Mur. 12, 26:

    ut procul novum vehiculum Argonautarum e monte conspexit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 35, 89:

    quisque... quae prima signa conspexit, ad haec constitit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

    quos cum apud se in castris Ariovistus conspexisset,

    id. ib. 1, 47:

    ubi primum nostros equites conspexerunt,

    id. ib. 4, 12;

    2, 26: sidus in regione caeli, etc.,

    Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 94:

    qui lucus ex insulā conspiciebatur,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 3:

    conspici inter se,

    to be visible to one another, Liv. 37, 41, 4:

    cum inter se conspecti essent,

    id. 33, 6, 4:

    hunc simulac cupido conspexit lumine virgo,

    Cat. 64, 86:

    conspectis luminibus crebris,

    Liv. 31, 24, 7:

    locum insidiis conspeximus ipsi,

    Verg. A. 9, 237:

    quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

    Ov. M. 12, 526:

    super tabernaculum... unde ab omnibus conspici posset, imago Solis fulgebat,

    Curt. 3, 3, 8:

    conspecto delatore ejus,

    Suet. Dom. 11:

    rugas in speculo,

    Ov. M. 15, 232:

    cornua in undā,

    id. ib. 1, 640:

    arcem,

    id. ib. 2, 794:

    scopulum,

    id. ib. 4, 731.—Of an inanimate subject:

    si illud signum (Jovis) solis ortum et forum curiamque conspiceret,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20.—With two accus., when an action, condition, etc., is the object:

    quam (matrem) paucis ante diebus laureatam in suā gratulatione conspexit, eandem, etc.... eundem (filium) spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,

    Cic. Mur. 41, 88:

    strata volgi pedibus detrita viarum Saxea,

    Lucr. 1, 315:

    superiora loca multitudine armatorum completa,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 3:

    quos laborantes,

    id. ib. 4, 26:

    aliquos ex nave egredientes,

    id. ib.:

    aliquem conspiciens ad se ferentem,

    Nep. Dat. 4, 5:

    naves suas oppletas serpentibus,

    id. Hann. 11, 6:

    (Hannibalem) humi jacentem,

    Liv. 21, 4, 7:

    adrasum quendam,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 49; cf., pass.:

    quamvis non alius flectere equum sciens Aeque conspicitur,

    id. C. 3, 7, 26:

    cum interim Metellus, monte degrediens cum exercitu, conspicitur,

    Sall. J. 49, 5 dub.;

    v. conspicor: terribilior niger conspicitur (canis),

    Col. 7, 12, 4.—
    (γ).
    With acc. and inf.:

    corpus ut exanimum siquod procul ipse jacere Conspicias hominis,

    Lucr. 6, 706:

    qui nostros victores flumen transisse conspexerant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

    centum procurrere currus,

    Cato, 64, 389; Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45.—
    B.
    Pregn., to look at with admiration or close attention, to gaze upon, observe, contemplate.
    (α).
    Act.:

    quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis?

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78:

    orabat, ne se, quem paulo ante cum egregiā stirpe conspexissent, orbum liberis facerent,

    Liv. 1, 26, 9:

    Demetrium ut pacis auctorem cum ingenti favore conspiciebant,

    id. 39, 53, 2:

    quem cum omnes conspicerent propter novitatem ornatūs ignotamque formam,

    Nep. Dat. 3, 3:

    cum bene notum Porticus Agrippae te conspexerit,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 26.—
    (β).
    Esp. pass.: conspici, to attract attention, to be conspicuous, noticed, observed, distinguished, admired:

    inania sunt ista... delectamenta paene puerorum, captare plausus, vehi per urbem, conspici velle,

    Cic. Pis. 25, 60: in gestu nec [p. 436] venustatem conspiciendam, nec turpitudinem esse, Auct. Her. 3, 15, 26:

    sic quisque hostem ferire, murum adscendere, conspici dum tale facinus faceret, properabat,

    Sall. C. 7, 6:

    supellex modica, non multa, ut in neutram partem conspici posset,

    Nep. Att. 13, 5:

    quid te ut regium juvenem conspici sinis?

    Liv. 1, 47, 5:

    maxime conspectus ipse est, curru equis albis juncto urbem invectus,

    id. 5, 23, 5:

    vestitus nihil inter aequales excellens, arma atque equi conspiciebantur,

    id. 21, 4, 8; 5, 52, 3; 39, 6, 9:

    quorum Conspicitur nitidis fundata pecunia villis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 46:

    tu formosissimus alto Conspiceris caelo ( = inter deos versaris),

    Ov. M. 4, 19:

    prima bonis animi conspicerere tui,

    id. Tr. 1, 6, 34; Vell. 2, 91, 4; Quint. 11, 3, 137.—Less freq. in an unfavorable sense, to be notorious, to be gazed at with dislike or contempt:

    carere me adspectu civium quam infestis oculis omnium conspici mallem,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17: ne quid faciat, quod conspici et derideri posset, Aug. ap. Suet. Claud. 4.—
    II.
    Trop., to perceive mentally, to understand, comprehend:

    satis in rem quae sint meam ego conspicio mihi,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 10:

    quantum ego nunc corde conspicio meo,

    id. Ps. 3, 1, 3; cf.:

    ut conspiciatis eum mentibus, quoniam oculis non potestis,

    Cic. Balb. 20, 47:

    nullus error talis in L. Aemilio Paulo conspectus est,

    Val. Max. 7, 5, 3.—Hence,
    A.
    conspĭcĭens, entis, P. a. (acc. to II. B.), having understanding, intelligent:

    ad quas (contumelias) despiciendas non sapiente opus est viro, sed tantum conspiciente,

    Sen. Const. 16, 3 Haase (al. consipiente). —
    B.
    conspectus, a, um, P. a.
    1.
    (Acc. to I. A. 1.) Visible:

    tumulus hosti conspectus,

    Liv. 22, 24, 5; cf. id. 10, 40, 8; 32, 5, 13:

    agmina inter se satis conspecta,

    id. 22, 4, 6. —
    2.
    (Acc. to I. B.) Striking, distinguished, remarkable, gazed at, = conspicuus (perh. not ante-Aug.):

    Pallas chlamyde et pictis conspectus in armis,

    Verg. A. 8, 588 (conspicuus, conspicabilis, Serv.); so,

    victor Tyrio in ostro,

    id. G. 3, 17; cf. Hor. A. P. 228:

    juventus,

    Ov. M. 12, 553:

    patris avique fama conspectum eum faciebat,

    Liv. 45, 7, 3:

    conspectus elatusque supra modum hominis privati,

    id. 4, 13, 3.— Comp., Ov. M. 4, 796; Liv. 2, 5, 5; Tac. H. 4, 11; Just. 11, 5; Juv. 8, 140 al.— Sup. and adv. apparently not in use.—
    C.
    conspĭcĭendus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B.), worth seeing, worthy of attention, distinguished (perh. not ante-Aug.):

    insideat celeri conspiciendus equo,

    Tib. 1, 2, 70:

    Nemesis donis meis,

    id. 2, 3, 52:

    Hyas formā,

    Ov. F. 5, 170:

    mater formosa Inter Dictaeos greges,

    id. ib. 5, 118:

    eques,

    id. Tr. 2, 114:

    opus vel in hac magnificentiā urbis,

    Liv. 6, 4, 11; Val. Fl. 1, 261; Mart. 9, 50, 10.
    2.
    conspĭcĭo, ōnis, f. [1. conspicio], the survey taken by the augur in fixing the limits of the templum, Varr. L. L. 7, § 9 Müll.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conspiciens

  • 89 conspicio

    1.
    con-spĭcĭo, spexi, spectum, 3, v. a. and n., to look at attentively, to get sight of, to descry, perceive, observe (class. in prose and poetry).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    inter eas regiones, quā oculi conspiciant,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 9 Müll.:

    in tabernam,

    Petr. 140, 14.—
    (β).
    With acc.:

    me interrogas, Qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 122:

    quae aedes... quas quotiensquomque conspicio, fleo,

    id. Capt. 1, 1, 29:

    si queat usquam Conspicere amissum fetum,

    Lucr. 2, 358: quandoque te in jure conspicio, Leg. Act. ap. Cic. Caecin. 19, 54, and id. Mur. 12, 26:

    ut procul novum vehiculum Argonautarum e monte conspexit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 35, 89:

    quisque... quae prima signa conspexit, ad haec constitit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

    quos cum apud se in castris Ariovistus conspexisset,

    id. ib. 1, 47:

    ubi primum nostros equites conspexerunt,

    id. ib. 4, 12;

    2, 26: sidus in regione caeli, etc.,

    Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 94:

    qui lucus ex insulā conspiciebatur,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 3:

    conspici inter se,

    to be visible to one another, Liv. 37, 41, 4:

    cum inter se conspecti essent,

    id. 33, 6, 4:

    hunc simulac cupido conspexit lumine virgo,

    Cat. 64, 86:

    conspectis luminibus crebris,

    Liv. 31, 24, 7:

    locum insidiis conspeximus ipsi,

    Verg. A. 9, 237:

    quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

    Ov. M. 12, 526:

    super tabernaculum... unde ab omnibus conspici posset, imago Solis fulgebat,

    Curt. 3, 3, 8:

    conspecto delatore ejus,

    Suet. Dom. 11:

    rugas in speculo,

    Ov. M. 15, 232:

    cornua in undā,

    id. ib. 1, 640:

    arcem,

    id. ib. 2, 794:

    scopulum,

    id. ib. 4, 731.—Of an inanimate subject:

    si illud signum (Jovis) solis ortum et forum curiamque conspiceret,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20.—With two accus., when an action, condition, etc., is the object:

    quam (matrem) paucis ante diebus laureatam in suā gratulatione conspexit, eandem, etc.... eundem (filium) spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,

    Cic. Mur. 41, 88:

    strata volgi pedibus detrita viarum Saxea,

    Lucr. 1, 315:

    superiora loca multitudine armatorum completa,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 3:

    quos laborantes,

    id. ib. 4, 26:

    aliquos ex nave egredientes,

    id. ib.:

    aliquem conspiciens ad se ferentem,

    Nep. Dat. 4, 5:

    naves suas oppletas serpentibus,

    id. Hann. 11, 6:

    (Hannibalem) humi jacentem,

    Liv. 21, 4, 7:

    adrasum quendam,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 49; cf., pass.:

    quamvis non alius flectere equum sciens Aeque conspicitur,

    id. C. 3, 7, 26:

    cum interim Metellus, monte degrediens cum exercitu, conspicitur,

    Sall. J. 49, 5 dub.;

    v. conspicor: terribilior niger conspicitur (canis),

    Col. 7, 12, 4.—
    (γ).
    With acc. and inf.:

    corpus ut exanimum siquod procul ipse jacere Conspicias hominis,

    Lucr. 6, 706:

    qui nostros victores flumen transisse conspexerant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

    centum procurrere currus,

    Cato, 64, 389; Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45.—
    B.
    Pregn., to look at with admiration or close attention, to gaze upon, observe, contemplate.
    (α).
    Act.:

    quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis?

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78:

    orabat, ne se, quem paulo ante cum egregiā stirpe conspexissent, orbum liberis facerent,

    Liv. 1, 26, 9:

    Demetrium ut pacis auctorem cum ingenti favore conspiciebant,

    id. 39, 53, 2:

    quem cum omnes conspicerent propter novitatem ornatūs ignotamque formam,

    Nep. Dat. 3, 3:

    cum bene notum Porticus Agrippae te conspexerit,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 26.—
    (β).
    Esp. pass.: conspici, to attract attention, to be conspicuous, noticed, observed, distinguished, admired:

    inania sunt ista... delectamenta paene puerorum, captare plausus, vehi per urbem, conspici velle,

    Cic. Pis. 25, 60: in gestu nec [p. 436] venustatem conspiciendam, nec turpitudinem esse, Auct. Her. 3, 15, 26:

    sic quisque hostem ferire, murum adscendere, conspici dum tale facinus faceret, properabat,

    Sall. C. 7, 6:

    supellex modica, non multa, ut in neutram partem conspici posset,

    Nep. Att. 13, 5:

    quid te ut regium juvenem conspici sinis?

    Liv. 1, 47, 5:

    maxime conspectus ipse est, curru equis albis juncto urbem invectus,

    id. 5, 23, 5:

    vestitus nihil inter aequales excellens, arma atque equi conspiciebantur,

    id. 21, 4, 8; 5, 52, 3; 39, 6, 9:

    quorum Conspicitur nitidis fundata pecunia villis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 46:

    tu formosissimus alto Conspiceris caelo ( = inter deos versaris),

    Ov. M. 4, 19:

    prima bonis animi conspicerere tui,

    id. Tr. 1, 6, 34; Vell. 2, 91, 4; Quint. 11, 3, 137.—Less freq. in an unfavorable sense, to be notorious, to be gazed at with dislike or contempt:

    carere me adspectu civium quam infestis oculis omnium conspici mallem,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17: ne quid faciat, quod conspici et derideri posset, Aug. ap. Suet. Claud. 4.—
    II.
    Trop., to perceive mentally, to understand, comprehend:

    satis in rem quae sint meam ego conspicio mihi,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 10:

    quantum ego nunc corde conspicio meo,

    id. Ps. 3, 1, 3; cf.:

    ut conspiciatis eum mentibus, quoniam oculis non potestis,

    Cic. Balb. 20, 47:

    nullus error talis in L. Aemilio Paulo conspectus est,

    Val. Max. 7, 5, 3.—Hence,
    A.
    conspĭcĭens, entis, P. a. (acc. to II. B.), having understanding, intelligent:

    ad quas (contumelias) despiciendas non sapiente opus est viro, sed tantum conspiciente,

    Sen. Const. 16, 3 Haase (al. consipiente). —
    B.
    conspectus, a, um, P. a.
    1.
    (Acc. to I. A. 1.) Visible:

    tumulus hosti conspectus,

    Liv. 22, 24, 5; cf. id. 10, 40, 8; 32, 5, 13:

    agmina inter se satis conspecta,

    id. 22, 4, 6. —
    2.
    (Acc. to I. B.) Striking, distinguished, remarkable, gazed at, = conspicuus (perh. not ante-Aug.):

    Pallas chlamyde et pictis conspectus in armis,

    Verg. A. 8, 588 (conspicuus, conspicabilis, Serv.); so,

    victor Tyrio in ostro,

    id. G. 3, 17; cf. Hor. A. P. 228:

    juventus,

    Ov. M. 12, 553:

    patris avique fama conspectum eum faciebat,

    Liv. 45, 7, 3:

    conspectus elatusque supra modum hominis privati,

    id. 4, 13, 3.— Comp., Ov. M. 4, 796; Liv. 2, 5, 5; Tac. H. 4, 11; Just. 11, 5; Juv. 8, 140 al.— Sup. and adv. apparently not in use.—
    C.
    conspĭcĭendus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B.), worth seeing, worthy of attention, distinguished (perh. not ante-Aug.):

    insideat celeri conspiciendus equo,

    Tib. 1, 2, 70:

    Nemesis donis meis,

    id. 2, 3, 52:

    Hyas formā,

    Ov. F. 5, 170:

    mater formosa Inter Dictaeos greges,

    id. ib. 5, 118:

    eques,

    id. Tr. 2, 114:

    opus vel in hac magnificentiā urbis,

    Liv. 6, 4, 11; Val. Fl. 1, 261; Mart. 9, 50, 10.
    2.
    conspĭcĭo, ōnis, f. [1. conspicio], the survey taken by the augur in fixing the limits of the templum, Varr. L. L. 7, § 9 Müll.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conspicio

  • 90 consto

    con-sto, stĭti, stātum (constātūrus, Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 3; Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 30; Luc. 2, 17; Mart. 10, 41, 5; Lact. Opif. Dei, 7, 11), 1, v. n.
    I.
    To stand together, stand with some person or thing.
    A.
    Lit. (very rare):

    constant, conserunt sermones inter se drapetae,

    Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 11.—
    B.
    Trop., to stand with, to agree with, be in accord or agreement, to correspond, fit.
    1.
    With cum and abl. (cf. consisto, II. B. 3.):

    considerabit, constetne oratio aut cum re aut ipsa secum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 14, 45:

    sententiā non constare cum superioribus et inferioribus sententiis, etc.,

    Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14.—
    2.
    Absol.:

    veri similis narratio erit, si spatia temporum, personarum dignitates, consiliorum rationes, locorum opportunitates constabunt,

    Auct. Her. 1, 9, 16.—
    3.
    With dat.:

    si humanitati tuae constare voles,

    Cic. Att. 1, 11, 1.—And esp. with sibi, to agree, accord with itself, to remain like one's self, be consistent:

    in Oppianico sibi constare et superioribus consentire judiciis debuerunt,

    Cic. Clu. 22, 60; so,

    with consentire,

    id. Univ. 3 init.; id. Fin. 2, 11, 35:

    ut constare in vitae perpetuitate possimus nobismetipsis nec in ullo officio claudicare,

    id. Off. 1, 33, 119; so,

    sibi (opp. titubare),

    Quint. 5, 7, 11:

    sibi et rei judicatae,

    Cic. Clu. 38, 106:

    sibi,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 16; id. A. P. 127; cf.:

    constat idem omnibus sermo,

    Liv. 9, 2, 3.—
    4.
    In the phrase ratio constat, mercantile t. t., the account agrees or is correct, is or proves right:

    auri ratio constat: aurum in aerario est,

    Cic. Fl. 28, 69:

    quibus ratio impensarum constaret,

    was correct, accurately kept, Suet. Ner. 30.—
    (β).
    In postAug. prose, esp. in the younger Pliny, transf. from the sphere of business:

    mirum est, quam singulis diebus in urbe ratio aut constet aut constare videatur,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 1; cf. id. ib. 1, 5, 16; 3, 18, 10; 2, 4, 4; 7, 6, 4; id. Pan. 38, 4; Just. praef. § 5: eam condicionem esse imperandi, ut non aliter ratio [p. 439] constet, quam si uni reddatur, Tac. A. 1, 6 fin.
    II.
    With the access. idea of firmness, to stand firm, to remain immovable, unchanging, steadfast, to abide, last, endure, persevere, etc. (very freq. in all perr. and styles).
    A.
    In gen.:

    prius quam totis viribus fulta constaret hostium acies,

    Liv. 3, 60, 9; cf.:

    nec pugna deinde illis constare,

    id. 1, 30, 10:

    ut non color, non vultus ei constaret,

    id. 39, 34, 7; cf.:

    valetudo ei neque corporis neque animi constitit,

    Suet. Calig. 50; and:

    dum sanitas constabit,

    Phaedr. 4, 24, 30:

    non mentibus solum consipere, sed ne auribus quidem atque oculis satis constare poterant,

    Liv. 5, 42, 3; cf.:

    in ebrietate lingua non constat,

    Sen. Ep. 83, 27:

    mente vix constare,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39; cf. Liv. 8, 19, 6; 44, 20, 7:

    quā in sententia si constare voluissent,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 14; cf. Caes. B. G. 5, 36 fin.:

    numerus legionum constat,

    id. ib. 7, 35:

    ceteris exercitibus constare fidem,

    Tac. H. 2, 96:

    utrimque fides constitit,

    kept their word, Liv. 37, 32, 13; 2, 13, 9.— Poet.: cum sint huc forsitan illa, Haec translata illuc;

    summā tamen omnia constant,

    i. e. the principal sum remains always the same, Ov. M. 15, 258:

    postquam cuncta videt caelo constare sereno,

    every thing continues in unbroken serenity, Verg. A. 3, 518:

    constitit in nullā qui fuit ante color,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 120.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Milit. t. t., to stop, halt: multitudinem procul hostium constare videtur, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 273, 4.—
    2.
    Of facts, reports, etc., to be established, settled, certain, manifest, evident, well known:

    quae cum constent, perspicuum debet esse, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    eorum quae constant exempla ponemus, horum quae dubia sunt, exempla adferemus, id. mv 1, 38, 68: quod nihil nobis constat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 5:

    cum et factum constet et nomen, qualia sint vocatur in dubium,

    Cic. Part. Or. 12, 42; cf.:

    cum factum constat, sed a quo sit factum in controversiam venit,

    Quint. 7, 2, 8; and impers., with acc. and inf.:

    mihi multa agitanti constabat, paucorum civium egregiam virtutem cuncta patravisse,

    Sall. C. 53, 4; cf.:

    quod omnibus constabat, hiemari in Gallia oportere,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 29 fin., and Cic. Clu. 13, 38.—
    b.
    Constat (constabat, constabit, etc., it is settled, established, undisputed, certain, well known, etc.), Cic. Mil. 6, 14; id. Quint. 29, 89; Caes. B. G. 3, 6; 3, 9 al.; Ov. M. 7, 533; Quint. 4, 2, 90 et saep.—So freq.: constat inter omnes, with acc. and inf., all agree, all are convinced:

    sed tum nimis inter omnis constabat neminem esse resalutatum,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 106:

    quae propositio in se quiddam continet perspicuum et quod constare inter omnis necesse est, hanc velle approbare et firmare nihil attinet,

    in which all must agree, id. Inv. 1, 36, 62 dub. (B. and K. stare); Caes. B. G. 7, 44; Nep. Alcib. 1, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 8 et saep.; cf.

    also: constare inter homines sapientissimos (for which, just after: omnium consensu sic esse judicatum),

    Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 3:

    inter suos,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 47:

    inter augures, Liv 10, 6, 7 et saep.: cum de Magio constet,

    Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3; cf.:

    de facto constat,

    Quint. 7, 2, 7; so with de, id. 7, 2, 11; 4, 2, 5:

    etsi non satis mihi constiterat, cum aliquāne animi mei molestiā an potius, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 1:

    nec satis certum constare apud animum poterat, utrum, etc.,

    Liv. 30, 28, 1:

    quid cuique sit opus constare decet,

    Quint. 3, 9, 8; so id. 3, 8, 25:

    quid porro quaerendum est? Factumne sit? At constat. A quo? At patet,

    Cic. Mil. 6, 15; so absol., id. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 54.—
    3.
    Of a resolve.
    (α).
    Impers.: mihi (ei) constat, = certum est, it is my ( his) fixed determination, I am determined, I am fully resolved (rare): mihi quidem constat, nec meam contumeliam, nec meorum ferre, Anton. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 42:

    neque satis Bruto neque tribunis militum constabat, quid agerent,

    were undecided, Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

    ut nihil ei constet quod agat,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 35.—
    (β).
    With the resolve as subject:

    animo constat sententia,

    Verg. A. 5, 748:

    cum constitit consilium,

    when my mind was fully made up, Cic. Att. 8, 11, 1.—
    4.
    In gen., as opp. to that which has no existence, to exist, be, abide (esp. in Lucr.):

    (corpora) quoniam fragili naturā praedita constant,

    Lucr. 1, 582; 1, 246; 1, 510 et saep.:

    antiquissimi fere sunt, quorum quidem scripta constent,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 22, 93; id. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 187: qui sine manibus et pedibus constare deum posse decreverunt, id. N. D. 1, 33, 92:

    si ipsa mens constare potest vacans corpore,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 25.—
    5.
    With ex, in, de, or the abl. (in Cic. only with ex; cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 4, 8, 19), to consist in or of, to be composed of, to rest upon something, etc.
    (α).
    With ex (very freq. in prose and poetry):

    fulminis ignem e parvis constare figuris,

    Lucr. 2, 385:

    homo ex animo constat et corpore,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 98;

    id. Fin. l. l.: simplex (jus) e dulci constat olivo,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 64:

    ea virtus, quae constat ex hominibus tuendis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 44, 157 et saep.—
    (β).
    With in and abl. (very rare):

    victoriam in earum cohortium virtute constare,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 89 fin.; Nep. Att. 14 fin.
    * (γ).
    With de:

    partus duplici de semine,

    Lucr. 4, 1229.—
    (δ).
    With abl. (freq. in Lucr. and Quint.):

    aeterno quia constant semine quaeque,

    Lucr. 1, 221; 1, 484; 1, 518 et saep.:

    agri campis, vineis, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 5:

    constat tota oratio longioribus membris, brevioribus periodis,

    Quint. 9, 4, 134; 5, 10, 63 et saep.:

    causa constat aut unius rei controversiā aut plurium,

    id. 3, 10, 1. omnis disciplina memoriā, id. 11, 2, 1. omne jus aut scripto aut moribus, id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.—
    6.
    Mercantile t. t., like our phrase, to stand at, i. e. to cost; constr. with abl.. gen., etc., of price (cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 444).
    a.
    Lit.
    (α).
    With abl.:

    ut unae quadrigae Romae constiterint quadringentis milibus,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 14; Suet. Vit. 19:

    filius auro,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 57:

    navis gratis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48 (al. stare):

    HS. sex milibus tibi constant,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 12, §

    28: tanto nobis deliciae,

    Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 84:

    magno tibi,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 4:

    parvo,

    Pall. Febr. 9, 12; cf.

    gratis,

    Sen. Ep. 104, 34; Aug. Serm. 385, 6.—
    (β).
    With gen.:

    (ambulatiuncula) prope dimidio minoris constabit isto loco,

    Cic. Att. 13, 29, 2; Suet. Ner. 27 fin.:

    quanti funus,

    id. Vesp. 19; Juv. 7, 45.—
    (γ).
    With adv.: quod mihi constat carius, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 272, 25; so,

    vilissime,

    Col. 9, 1. 6.—
    (δ).
    With sup.:

    cujus area super HS. millies constitit,

    Suet. Caes. 26.—
    b.
    Trop.:

    edocet, quanto detrimento et quot virorum fortium morte necesse sit constare victoriam,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

    odia constantia magno,

    Ov. H. 7, 47:

    imperia pretio quolibet constant bene,

    Sen. Phoen. 664.—Hence, constans, antis, P. a. (acc. to II. 1.), standing firm, firm, unchangeable, constant, immovable, uniform, fixed, stable, invariable (freq. and class.).
    A.
    Lit.:

    mellis constantior est natura (sc. quam aquae),

    Lucr. 3, 192:

    constans uva contra tenorem unum algoris aestusve,

    Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 27:

    cujus in indomito constantior inguine nervus, Quam nova arbor, etc.,

    Hor. Epod. 12, 19:

    cursus certi et constantes,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 9, 24; cf.:

    constans reversio stellarum (with conveniens),

    id. ib. 2, 21, 54:

    constantissimus motus lunae,

    id. Div. 2, 6, 17:

    nihil (mundo) motu constantius,

    id. N. D. 3, 9, 23; 2, 21, 54:

    constanti vultu graduque,

    Liv. 5, 46, 3: aetas, the mature age (of an adult), Cic. Sen. 10, 33; cf.:

    constans aetas, quae media dicitur,

    id. ib. 20, 76:

    aetate nondum constanti,

    Suet. Galb. 4:

    pax,

    firm, secure, Liv. 6, 25, 6:

    fides,

    Hor. C. 3, 7, 4:

    an ire comminus et certare pro Italiā constantius foret,

    safer, Tac. H. 3, 1. —
    b.
    Agreeing or accordant with itself, consistent, harmonious:

    quemadmodum in oratione constanti, sic in vitā omnia sint apta inter se et convenientia,

    Cic. Off. 1, 40, 144:

    nihil intellego dici potuisse constantius,

    id. Tusc. 5, 9, 25; cf.:

    incredibilia an inter se constantia,

    Quint. 5, 4, 2:

    rumores,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 9, 1:

    constans parum memoria hujus anni,

    Liv. 10, 37, 13:

    constans fama erat,

    Suet. Caes. 6; so,

    opinio,

    id. Tib. 39; id. Vesp. 4 al.—
    B.
    Trop., intellectually or morally certain, sure, steadfast, constant, faithful, steady, unchanging:

    firmi et stabiles et constantes amici,

    Cic. Lael. 17, 62; cf. Nep. Lys. 2, 2:

    quem hominem? Levem? imo gravissimum. Mobilem? imo constantissimum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 49; cf. opp. varium, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 48 Spald.:

    pater amens at is quidem fuit omnium constantissimus,

    a very constant, steadfast man, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 41; cf.:

    prudens et constans (testis),

    Quint. 5, 7, 26; and under adv.:

    (Helvidius Priscus) recti pervicax, constans adversus metus,

    Tac. H. 4, 5 fin.:

    constans Fortuna tantum in levitate suā,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 18; cf.: neque fidei constans, neque strenuus in perfidiā, Tac. H. 3, 57:

    constantior In vitiis, etc.,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 18.— Adv.: constanter.
    1.
    (Acc. to A.) Firmly, immovably, steadily, constantly:

    manere in suo statu,

    Cic. Univ. 13: constanter ac perpetuo placet consilium, Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 16, 9:

    vitiis gaudere constanter,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 6.— Comp.:

    ut maneamus in perspicuis firmius et constantius,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 45.— Sup.:

    impetus caeli constantissime conficiens vicissitudinis anniversarias,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97.—
    b.
    Harmoniously, evenly, uniformly, consistently:

    constanter et aequaliter ingrediens oratio,

    Cic. Or. 58, 198:

    sibi constanter convenienterque dicere,

    id. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; cf. id. ib. 5, 9, 24; in comp., id. ib. 5, 9, 25; in sup., id. ib. 5, 8, 23; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; so,

    hi constanter omnes nuntiaverunt,

    with one voice, unanimously, Caes. B. G. 2, 2:

    aequabilius atque constantius sese res humanae haberent,

    Sall. C. 2, 3:

    aequabilius atque constantius regere provincias,

    Tac. A. 15, 21 fin.
    2.
    (Acc. to B.) Steadily, calmly, tranquilly, sedately:

    constanter ac non trepide pugnare,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 25; cf.

    agere, Auct. B. Afr. 84: proelium inire,

    Suet. Vesp. 4; id. Tib. 19:

    constanter et sedate ferre dolorem,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 20, 46:

    constanter et libere se gerere,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

    constanter prudenterque fit,

    id. Tusc. 4, 6, 12:

    constanter delata beneficia (with judicio, considerate, and opp. repentino quodam impetu),

    id. Off. 1, 15, 49.— Comp.:

    cetera exsequi,

    Suet. Aug. 10:

    acrius quam constantius proelium inire,

    Curt. 4, 6, 14.— Sup.:

    amicitias retinere,

    Suet. Aug. 66; id. Tib. 45 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > consto

  • 91 de

    1.
    , adv.: of place, down, only in the phrase susque deque, q. v.
    2.
    , prep. [perh. for ded; cf. Oscan dat, old abl. of pronom. stem da; cf. also Lith. praep. da, as far as; and the suffixes, old case-forms, -dam, -dem, -dum, -do, with the locative -de; v. Ribbeck, Beitr. z. L. v. d. Lat. Part. p. 4 sq.] (with abl., denotes the going out, departure, removal, or separating of an object from any fixed point. Accordingly, it occupies a middle place between ab, away from, which denotes a mere external departure, and ex, out of, which signifies from the interior of a thing. Hence verbs compounded with de are constr. not only with de, but quite as freq. with ab and ex; and, on the other hand, those compounded with ab and ex often have the terminus a quo indicated by de), from, away from, down from, out of, etc.
    A.
    In space, lit. and trop. with verbs of motion: animam de corpore mitto, Enn. ap. Non. p. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 216 Vahl.):

    aliquo quom jam sucus de corpore cessit,

    Lucr. 3, 224:

    (quod Ariovistus) de altera parte agri Sequanos decedere juberet,

    to depart, withdraw from, Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 10; cf.:

    civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent,

    id. ib. 1, 2:

    decedere de provincia,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 49 ( = ex provincia, id. ib. 2, 2, 65, §

    147): de vita decedere,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 11:

    exire de vita,

    id. Lael. 4, 15 (cf.:

    excedere e vita,

    id. ib. 3, 12):

    de triclinio, de cubiculo exire,

    id. de Or. 2, 65 fin.:

    hamum de cubiculo ut e navicula jacere,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 7, 4:

    de castris procedere,

    Sall. C. 61, 8 et saep.:

    brassica de capite et de oculis omnia (mala) deducet,

    Cato R. R. 157, 6:

    de digito anulum detraho,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 38; cf.:

    de matris complexu aliquem avellere atque abstrahere,

    Cic. Font. 17:

    nomen suum de tabula sustulit,

    id. Sest. 33, 72:

    ferrum de manibus extorsimus,

    id. Cat. 2, 1, 2:

    juris utilitas vel a peritis vel de libris depromi potest,

    id. de Or. 1, 59, 252 et saep.:

    ... decido de lecto praeceps,

    Plaut. Casin. 5, 2, 50:

    de muro se deicere,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 18, 3:

    de sella exsilire,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30 fin.:

    nec ex equo vel de muro, etc., hostem destinare,

    Tert. adv. Jud. 9, p. 192:

    de caelo aliquid demittere,

    Lucr. 2, 1155; cf. Cato R. R. 14, 3 et saep.—
    b.
    In gen., to indicate the person or place from which any thing is taken, etc., with verbs of taking away, depriving, demanding, requesting, inquiring, buying; as capere, sumere, emere, quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and their compounds; cf.:

    emere de aliquo,

    Cato R. R. 1, 4:

    aliquid mercari de aliquo,

    Cic. Fl. 20 et saep.:

    de aliquo quaerere, quid, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2:

    saepe hoc audivi de patre,

    id. de Or. 3, 33, 133; cf.:

    de mausoleo exaudita vox est,

    Suet. Ner. 46:

    ut sibi liceret discere id de me,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 31;

    so with petere, of place (class.): de vicino terra petita solo,

    Ov. F. 4, 822;

    so of persons (late Lat.): peto de te,

    Dig. 36, 1, 57, § 2; Apul. M. 6, p. 179, 40.
    2.
    To point out the place from which any thing is brought; and hence, trop., to indicate its origin, derivation, etc.: of, from: de circo astrologi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58; so,

    caupo de via Latina,

    Cic. Clu. 59, 163:

    nescio qui de circo maximo,

    id. Mil. 24, 65:

    declamator aliqui de ludo aut rabula de foro,

    id. Or. 15, 47:

    homo de schola atque a magistro... eruditus,

    id. de Or. 2, 7, 28:

    nautae de navi Alexandrina,

    Suet. Aug. 98:

    aliquis de ponte,

    i. e. a beggar, Juv. 14, 134:

    Libyca de rupe leones,

    Ov. F. 2, 209:

    nostro de rure corona,

    Tib. 1, 1, 15:

    Vaticano fragiles de monte patellas,

    Juv. 6, 344 al.:

    de summo loco Summoque genere eques,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 30; cf. id. Aul. prol. 28; id. Poen. 3, 1, 13:

    genetrix Priami de gente vetusta,

    Verg. A. 9, 284; cf. id. ib. 10, 350; Stat. S. 5, 3, 126:

    de Numitore sati,

    Ov. F. 5, 41:

    de libris,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 252:

    de Philocteta, id,

    ib. 3, 35, 141 (cf.:

    e Philocteta versus,

    Quint. 3, 1, 14).
    3.
    Transf., to indicate the quarter from which motion proceeds (cf. ab), from, and because motion is so often and naturally downwards, down from:

    haec agebantur in conventu, palam, de sella ac de loco superiore,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40; cf. ib. 2, 2, 38:

    quem ad se vocari et de tribunali citari jussit,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 7:

    qui nihil ex occulto, nihil de insidiis, agendum putant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109; cf.

    de tergo plagas dare,

    from behind, Plaut. Asin. 2, 2, 10; Just. 20, 5, 5:

    de paupere mensa dona,

    Tib. 1, 1, 37 et saep.—In jurid. Latin: de plano discutere, interloqui, cognoscere, etc., i. e. on level ground, not on the tribunal (cf. chamothen, opp. pro bêmatos, Dig. 27, 1, 13, § 10), Dig. 1, 4, 1; 1, 16, 9; 14. 3, 11 et saep.; so, de plano, off-hand, without formal consideration, Lucr. 1, 411;

    v. planus.—And with pendeo, etc. (the motion in the eye transferred to the object): deque viri collo dulce pependit onus,

    Ov. F. 2, 760:

    lucerna de camera pendebat,

    Petr. 30, 3; cf.:

    et nova de gravido palmite gemma tumet,

    Ov. F. 1, 152:

    de qua pariens arbore nixa dea est,

    leaning downwards against the tree, id. H. 21, 100.
    B.
    In time.
    1.
    Immediately following a given moment of time, after, directly after (very rare):

    de concursu,

    Lucr. 1, 384 (cf. Munro, ad loc.):

    velim scire hodiene statim de auctione aut quo die venias,

    Cic. Att. 12, 3:

    non bonus somnus est de prandio,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

    de eorum verbis prosilui, etc.,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 178.—Hence, diem de die, from day to day, day after day, Liv. 5, 48:

    cum is diem de die differret, dum, etc.,

    id. 25, 25; cf.:

    diem de die proferendo,

    Just. 2, 15, 6: de die in diem, from day to day, daily (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 60, 8; 2 Pet. 2, 8; Cypr. Ep. 3, 11.
    2.
    De nocte, de vigilia, etc., to designate an act which begins or takes its origin from the night-time, Engl. during or in the course of the night, at night, by night, etc.: De. Rus cras cum filio Cum primo lucu ibo hinc. Mi. Imo de nocte censeo, to-night rather, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55: in comitium Milo de nocte venit, in the night (cf. shortly before, Milo media nocte in campum venit), Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4; cf. id. Mur. 33, 69:

    vigilas tu de nocte,

    id. ib. 9, 22; cf.:

    de nocte evigilabat,

    Suet. Vesp. 21:

    ut jugulent homines, surgunt de nocte latrones,

    at night, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 32;

    and Hannibal surgere de nocte solitus, Frontin Strat. 4, 3, 7 et saep.: ut de nocte multa impigreque exsurrexi,

    late in the night, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 10; so,

    multa de nocte,

    Cic. Sest. 35, 75; id. Att. 7, 4 fin. (for which multa nocte, id. Q. Fr. 2, 9); cf.

    also: si de multa nocte (al. de nocte) vigilassent,

    id. Att. 2, 15, 2:

    Caesar mittit complures equitum turmas eo de media nocte,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 45; 7, 88; so,

    media de nocte,

    at midnight, Suet. Calig. 26; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 91:

    Caesar de tertia vigilia e castris profectus,

    in the third night-watch, Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

    de tertia vigilia,

    id. ib. 1, 21; Liv. 9, 44 Drak.; 40, 4 al.; cf.:

    de quarta vigilia,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21, 3 al.; v. vigilia. —As in this manner de nocte became adverbially = nocte, so de die was sometimes used for die or per diem:

    de die potare,

    by day, in the daytime, Plaut. Asin. 4, 2, 16:

    epulari de die,

    Liv. 23, 8; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 8; Catull. 47, 6; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Domit. 21; cf.:

    bibulus media de luce Falerni,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 34;

    and in a lusus verbb. with in diem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 34 fin. —Less freq., de mense:

    navigare de mense Decembri,

    in December, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1 fin. —And once de tempore for tempore: ipse de tempore coenavit, Auct. B. Hisp. 33, 5.
    C.
    In other relations, implying separation, departure from, etc.
    1.
    To designate the whole, from which a part is taken, or of which a part is separately regarded, etc., from among, out of, from:

    hominem certum misi de comitibus meis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2:

    gladio percussus ab uno de illis,

    id. Mil. 24, 65:

    si quis de nostris hominibus,

    id. Flacc. 4:

    quemvis de iis qui essent idonei,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 4 fin.:

    de tribus et decem fundis tres nobilissimi fundi,

    id. Rosc. Am. 35, 99 et saep.:

    accusator de plebe,

    id. Brut. 34, 131:

    pulsare minimum de plebe Quiritem,

    Ov. Am. 1, 7, 29; cf. Liv. 7, 17:

    malus poëta de populo,

    Cic. Arch. 10, 25 et saep.:

    partem solido demere de die,

    Hor. Od. 1, 1, 20:

    quantum de vita perdiderit,

    Petr. 26:

    praeteriine tuas de tot caelestibus aras,

    Ov. Her. 21, 179; Juv. 1, 138. —
    b.
    Sometimes de with abl. takes the place of the gen. partit. or gen. obj. In the best writers this occurs mainly
    (α).
    to avoid ambiguity where genitives would be multiplied:

    ne expers partis esset de nostris bonis,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 39:

    ut aliquem partem de istius impudentia reticere possim,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 32;
    (β).
    for greater precision:

    si quae sunt de eodem genere,

    id. Tusc. 4, 7, 16:

    persona de mimo,

    id. Phil. 2, 27, 65;
    (γ).
    in the poets, metri gratiā:

    aliquid de more vetusto,

    Ov. F. 6, 309; Grat. Cyneg. 17:

    laudes de Caesare,

    Ov. Pont. 4, 13, 23:

    cetera de genere hoc,

    Hor. Sat. 1, 1, 13; Lucr. 4, 746. This circumlocution was freq. [p. 514] in comic writers and in vulgar lang., and became more common in the declining periods of the lang., so that in the Romance tongues de, di, etc., with a case represent the earlier genitive (so, conscius, conscientia, meminisse, mentionem facere, recordari, etc., de aliqua re for alicujus rei, v. h. vv.).
    2.
    To indicate the property from which the costs of any thing are taken:

    obsonat, potat, olet unguenta de meo,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 37; so,

    de tuo,

    Plaut. Bac. 1, 1, 65:

    de suo,

    Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, 5; Suet. Caes. 19:

    de nostro,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 11:

    de vestro,

    Liv. 6, 15, 10; cf.:

    de vestris,

    Ov. F. 3, 828:

    de alieno,

    Liv. 3, 1, 3; Just. 36, 3 fin.:

    de publico,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44; Liv. 1, 20; 2, 16; 4, 60. For de tuo, once de te:

    de te largitor puer,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 17.—Also in a trop. sense:

    ad tua praecepta de meo nihil his novum apposivi,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; cf. id. Men. 1. 2, 40; Cic. Fam. 4, 3; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 8.— Poet., to denote that out of which, or by which, one pays a penalty or suffers punishment:

    has vestro de sanguine poenas datis,

    Luc. 4, 805; cf.:

    cum de visceribus tuis satisfacturus sis quibus debes,

    Cic. Q. Frat. 1, 3, 7.
    3.
    To designate the material of which any thing is made, of, out of, from:

    niveo factum de marmore signum,

    Ov. M. 14, 313; cf. Verg. G. 3, 13:

    verno de flore corona,

    Tib. 2, 1, 59:

    sucus de quinquefolio,

    Plin. 26, 4, 11:

    cinis de fico,

    Pall. 1, 35, 3 et saep.:

    de templo carcerem fleri,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 7; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 32:

    captivum de rege facturi,

    Just. 7, 2, 11; cf.:

    inque deum de bove versus erat,

    Ov. F. 5, 616 et saep.:

    fles de rhetore consul,

    Juv. 7, 197.—Cf. trop. by means of:

    de eodem oleo et opera exaravi nescio quid ad te,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38.—Prov.:

    de nihilo nihilum,

    Pers. 3, 84; cf. Lucr. 1, 157 sq.
    4.
    In mental operations, to indicate the subject-matter or theme on which any mental act (thinking, considering, advising, determining, etc.; discoursing, informing, exhorting, deciding, disputing, doubting, etc.) is founded; of, about, concerning, Gr. peri:

    cogitare de aliqua re, etc. (the most common signification): multa narrare de Laelio,

    Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    dubitare de re,

    id. Fam. 3, 10, 15:

    de suo adventu docere,

    Suet. Caes. 9:

    de moribus admonere,

    Sall. Cat. 5, 9 et saep.—With this, too, is connected its use,
    5.
    To indicate the producing cause or reason, for, on account of, because of:

    nam id nisi gravi de causa non fecisset,

    Cic. Att. 7, 7, 3; cf. id. de Or. 1, 41, 186; Cael ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15; Cic. Att. 11, 3:

    de quo nomine ad arbitrum adiisti, de eo ad judicium venisti,

    id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12:

    flebat uterque non de suo supplicio, sed pater de filii morte, de patris filius,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76:

    de labore pectus tundit,

    with pain, Plaut. Casin. 2, 6, 63:

    incessit passu de vulnere tardo,

    Ov. M. 10, 49:

    humus fervet de corpore,

    id. ib. 7, 560:

    facilius de odio creditur,

    Tac. H. 1, 34:

    quod erat de me feliciter Ilia mater,

    through me, Ov. F. 3, 233 et saep.
    6.
    To indicate the thing with reference to which any thing is done, with respect to, concerning:

    de istac re in oculum utrumvis conquiescito,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 121: nil peccat de savio, Caec. ap. Gell. 2, 23, 11 (v. 161 Ribbeck):

    credere de numero militum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 1, 2:

    de numero dierum fidem servare,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 36; Sall. C. 50, 3:

    de ceteris senatui curae fore,

    id. Jug. 26, 1:

    concessum ab nobilitate de consule plebeio,

    Liv. 6, 42:

    solem de virgine rapta consule,

    Ov. F. 4, 581 et saep.—Ellipt.:

    de argento somnium,

    as for the money, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 50 (for which id. Heaut. 4, 2, 4: quod de argento sperem, nihil est): Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 1:

    de Dionysio sum admiratus,

    Cic. Att. 9, 12; id. Off. 1, 15, 47:

    de me autem suscipe paullisper meas partes,

    id. Fam. 3, 12, 2; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 36 et saep.:

    de Samnitibus triumphare,

    concerning, over, Cic. Sen. 16, 55; cf. Hor. 4, 2, 88:

    de Atheniensibus victoria,

    Curt. 8, 1, 33.
    7.
    To indicate the thing in conformity with which any thing is done, according to, after:

    secundum: DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD, S. C. de Bac.: fecisse dicas de mea sententia,

    Plaut. Bac. 4, 9, 115; cf.:

    de suorum propinquorum sententia atque auctoritate fecisse dicatur,

    Cic. Cael. 29: de consilii sententia Mamertinis se frumentum non imperare pronunciat, id. Verr. 2, 5, 21 al.:

    de ejus consilio velle sese facere,

    Ter. Ph. 3, 1, 17:

    vix de mea voluntate concessum est,

    Cic. Att. 4, 2, 4:

    de exemplo meo ipse aedificato,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 86:

    de more vetusto,

    Verg. A. 11, 142; Ov. M. 7, 606:

    de nomine,

    id. ib. 1, 447:

    patrioque vocat de nomine mensem,

    id. F. 3, 77.
    8.
    With adjectives to form adverbial expressions.
    a.
    De integro, anew ( = ab integro, ex integro; cf.: iterum, rursus, denuo), indidemque eadem aeque oriuntur de integro, atque eodem occidunt, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll. (v. 92 Ribb.):

    ratio de integro ineunda est mihi,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 7; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56; id. Att. 13, 27; id. Fam. 12, 30, 2 et saep. (The combination de novo appears only in the contracted form denuo, v. h. v.).—
    b.
    De improviso, unexpectedly:

    ubi de improviso interventum est mulieri,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 40; id. And. 2, 2, 23; id. Ad. 3, 3, 53; Caes. B. G. 2, 3; 5, 22; 5, 39 et saep.; Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151 et saep.—
    c.
    De transverso, unexpectedly:

    ecce autem de transverso L. Caesar ut veniam ad se rogat,

    Cic. Att. 15, 4 fin.; Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14.
    De is often put between an adj.
    or pron. and its substantive; cf.

    above multa de nocte, media de nocte, gravi de causa, etc.: qua de re,

    Ter. Andr. 1, 2, 13; esp. in the judic. formula: qua de re agitur; cf. Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6; Cic. Brut. 79 fin. Also freq. after a simple relative:

    quo de,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 41; 54, 104; 2, 11, 37:

    qua de,

    id. ib. 2, 23, 70 et saep.
    II.
    In composition the e becomes short before a vowel, as in dĕhisco, dĕhinc, dĕorsum, and coincides with it in the poets by synaeresis; cf.: dehinc, deinde, deinceps, deorsum; sometimes contraction takes place, as in debeo, debilis, dego, demo, from dehabeo, de-habilis, de-ago, de-emo.—
    2.
    Signif.
    a.
    Separation, departure, removal, taking away; off, away, down, out: decedo, demigro, demeto, depromo, descendo, devolvo, derivo, deflecto, etc.; and trop. dedico, denuntio; and in a downward direction, decido, decumbo, deprimo, demergo, delabor, defluo, demitto, desido, desideo, declivis, deculco, degredior, deicio, etc.—
    b.
    Cessation, removal of the fundamental idea ( = un-, de-, dis-): dearmo, deartuo, decresco, dedisco, dedecoro, dedignor, dedoceo, denascor, denormo, desum, etc.; and hence direct negation, as in dedecet, deformis, demens, etc.—
    c.
    With reference to the terminus of the action: defero, defigo, demitto, etc.; hence also trop., with reference to the extent of the action, to the uttermost, to exhaustion, through. out: debacchor, debello, dedolo, delino, delibuo, etc.: defatigo, delaboro, delasso, etc.; hence freq. a mere strengthening of the fundamental idea, = valde, thoroughly, much: demiror, demitigo, etc.—
    d.
    Giving a bad sense to the verb: decipio, delinquo, deludo, derideo, detestor.—
    e.
    Rarely, contraction from a broad into a narrow space, together: deligo, devincio. See also Hand Turs. II. p. 183-229.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > de

  • 92 debeo

    dēbĕo ( dehibeo, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24 infra, cf. Ritschl, Opusc. Phil. 2, 590), ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a. [de-habeo], (lit., to have or keep from some one: "qui pecuniam dissolvit, statim non habet id quod reddidit, qui autem debet, aes retinet alienum," Cic. Planc. 28, 68 Wund.; hence), to owe (Gr. opheilô; opp. reddo, solvo, dissolvo, persolvo, freq. and class.).
    I.
    Lit., of money and money's worth.
    a.
    Act.,
    (α).
    with acc.:

    quas (drachmas) de ratione dehibuisti,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24; cf. Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 43:

    Mylasis et Alabandis pecuniam Cluvio debent,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 56; so,

    pecuniam alicui,

    id. ib. 13, 14 et saep.:

    qui dissolverem quae debeo,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 51:

    appellatus es de pecunia, quam pro domo, pro hortis, pro sectione debebas,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 71; so,

    grandem pecuniam,

    Sall. C. 49, 3: quadringenties HS. Cic. Phil. 2, 37:

    talenta CC,

    id. Att. 5, 21, 12:

    quadruplum, duplum,

    Quint. 7, 4, 44 et saep.—
    (β).
    Without acc.:

    illis quibus debeo,

    Ter. Ph. 5, 7, 30:

    ut illi quam plurimi deberent,

    Sall. J. 96, 2:

    nec ipsi debeo,

    Quint. 4, 4, 6: Cal. Jan. debuit;

    adhuc non solvit,

    Cic. Att. 14, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3 et saep.— Part. pres. as subst.: debentes, ium, m., debtors, Liv. 6, 27, 3; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 5.—
    b.
    Pass.:

    dum pecunia accipitur, quae mihi ex publica permutatione debetur,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 4; id. Verr. 2, 3, 82; cf.:

    quam ad diem legioni frumentum deberi sciebat,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

    a publicanis suae provinciae debitam biennii pecuniam exegerat,

    id. B. C. 3, 31; Quint. 5, 10, 117:

    quod si omnino non debetur? Quid? praetor solet judicare deberi?

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10; cf.:

    quaeretur an debeatur,

    Quint. 7, 1, 21 et saep.—Hence,
    (β).
    Dēbĭ-tum, i, n., what is owing, a debt, Cic. Att. 13, 23 fin.:

    ne de bonis deminui paterentur priusquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

    tamquam debito fraudetur,

    id. Or. 53, 178:

    ex quibus unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,

    will pay a debt with one, Sen. Ep. 7, 10:

    reddere,

    to repay, Col. 10, pr. 1.
    2.
    Prov.:

    animan debere,

    to be over head and ears in debt, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 56 ("Graecum proverbium, kai autên tên psuchên opheilei," Don.).
    II.
    Trop., to owe something, i. e. to be under obligation, both to and for something.
    A.
    To owe, i. e. to be bound or under obligation to render, pay, etc., something (for syn. cf.: necesse est, oportet, cogo, decet, opus est, par est, meum, tuum... alicujus est).
    1.
    In gen.
    a.
    Act.
    (α).
    with acc.:

    ego hoc tibi pro servitio debeo,

    Ter. Andr. 4, 1, 51:

    quo etiam majorem ei res publica gratiam debet,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 27; so,

    gratiam,

    Sall. J. 110; cf. no. b:

    videris patriae hoc munus debere,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 25:

    si fidem debet tutor,

    Quint. 5, 10, 73 (acc. to Cic. Top. 10, 42, si tutor fidem praestare debet); cf. no. b:

    dies longa videtur opus debentibus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 21:

    quos mundo debes oculos,

    Ov. M. 4, 197:

    debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum,

    Verg. A. 10, 853; cf. Ov. M. 6, 538; id. F. 5, 648:

    juvenem nil jam caelestibus ullis debentem,

    Verg. A. 11, 51; cf. Sil. 15, 371: navis, quae tibi creditum Debes Vergilium finibus Atticis, Hor. Od. 1, 3, 6; Ov. M. 1, 481 sq.:

    Turnum debent haec jam mihi sacra,

    Verg. A. 12, 317 Wagn. N. cr.; cf. id. ib. 11, 179:

    isti tibi quid homines debent?

    i. e. what business have you with those men? Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 51; cf. infra b fin.
    (β).
    With inf., to be bound, in duty bound to do something; I ought, must, should, etc., do it (in class. prose always in the sense of moral necessity; in the poets sometimes for necesse est):

    debetis velle quae velimus,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 39:

    num ferre contra patriam arma illi cum Coriolano debuerunt?

    Cic. Lael. 11:

    multo illa gravius aestimare debere,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 14 fin.:

    Africam forte Tubero obtinere debebat,

    id. B. C. 1, 30:

    debes hoc etiam rescribere,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 30 et saep.:

    ut agri vastari, oppida expugnari non debuerint, Caes, B. G. 1, 11: summae se iniquitatis condemnari debere, si, etc.,

    id. ib. 7, 19 fin.:

    scriptor... inter perfectos veteresque referri debet, etc.,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 37 (for which ib. 41: inter quos referendus erit? cf. also ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini;

    dicique beatus Ante obitum nemo debet,

    Ov. M. 3, 137):

    ut jam nunc dicat, jam nunc debentia dici,

    Hor. A. P. 43 et saep.— Poet. for necesse est, oportet, it is necessary, it must needs (so almost everywhere in Lucret.):

    omnia debet enim cibus integrare novando et fulcire cibus, etc.,

    Lucr. 2, 1146; 3, 188; 4, 61; 1, 232 Munro.—
    b.
    Pass., to be due or owing:

    Veneri jam et Libero reliquum tempus deberi arbitrabatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11:

    quanta his (sc. dis) gratia debeatur,

    id. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9 fin.:

    honores non ex merito, sed quasi debitos repetere,

    Sall. J. 85, 37 et saep.:

    persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant Debita!

    Verg. A. 2, 538:

    debita quam sulcis committas semina,

    id. G. 1, 223; Prop. 1, 6, 17; 2, 28, 60 (3, 26, 14 M.):

    debitae Nymphis opifex coronae,

    Hor. Od. 3, 27, 30:

    calentem debita sparges lacrima favillam,

    id. ib. 2, 6, 23; Prop. 3, 7, 9 (4, 6, 9 M.):

    soli mihi Pallas debetur,

    Verg. A. 10, 443 et saep.:

    quid tibi istic debetur?

    what business have you there? Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 18; id. Truc. 2, 2, 8; id. Rud. 1, 1, 34; cf. supra, a
    (α).
    .—Hence, Dēbĭtum, i, n., what is due, debt, duty, obligation (post-Aug. and rare):

    velut omni vitae debito liberatus,

    Curt. 10, 5, 3:

    nepotum nutriendorum,

    Val. Max. 2, 9, 1:

    non secundum gratiam, sed secundum debitum,

    Vulg. Rom. 4, 4; 1 Cor. 7, 3:

    solvere debito,

    to free from obligation, Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1.—
    2.
    Poet. (esp. in Verg.) and in post-Aug. prose like the Gr. opheilô and ophliskanô.
    a.
    To owe, i. e. to be bound or destined by fate or by nature (v. Lidd. and Scott sub. opheilô, no. 3).
    (α).
    Act.. urbem et jam cerno Phrygios debere nepotes, i. e. are destined to found, Ov. M. 15, 444:

    debet multas hic legibus aevi (i. e. fato) Ante suam mortes,

    Luc. 2, 82; cf. id. 6, 530.—More usually,
    (β).
    pass., to be due i. e. to be destined:

    cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus Debentur,

    Verg. A. 4, 276; cf. id. ib. 3, 184; 7, 120;

    145: indigetem Aeneam scis Deberi caelo,

    id. ib. 12, 795:

    animae, quibus altera fato Corpora debentur,

    id. ib. 6, 714:

    sors ista senectae Debita erat nostrae,

    id. ib. 11, 166:

    fatis debitus Arruns,

    i. e. devoted to death, id. ib. 11, 759:

    dum bello Argolici vastabant Pergama reges Debita casurasque inimicis ignibus arces,

    id. ib. 8, 375 (" fataliter ad exitium destinata," Serv.); cf. so absol.:

    tempora Parcae debita complerant,

    id. ib. 9, 108:

    morbo naturae debitum reddiderunt,

    Nep. Reg. 1 fin.: DEBITVM NATVRAE PERSOLVIT, etc., Inscr. Orell. no. 3453;

    and simply DEBITVM PERSOLVIT,

    id. ib. no. 4482.—
    b.
    So, because what one is destined by the fates to suffer is regarded as his debt (ophliskanein gelôta tini):

    tu nisi ventis debes ludibrium, cave,

    Hor. Od. 1, 14, 16.
    B.
    To owe something to some one, to be indebted to or to have to thank one for something.
    (α).
    With acc.:

    ut hoc summum beneficium Q. Maximo debuerim,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121; so magna beneficia mihi, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12;

    qui mihi laudem illam eo minus deberet,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 3:

    me paene plus tibi quam ipsi Miloni debiturum,

    id. Fam. 2, 6 fin.; cf. id. Planc. 28;

    and quantum cuique deberet,

    Nep. Epam. 3 fin.; Plin. Pan. 30, 1 et saep.:

    o cui debere salutem Confiteor,

    Ov. M. 7, 164;

    so vitam,

    id. Pont. 4, 5, 31;

    and in a like sense: se,

    id. M. 7, 48; 2, 644; so,

    in a bad sense, hoc quoque Tarquinio debebimus,

    id. Fast. 2, 825. —
    (β).
    Absol., to be indebted, obliged, under obligation to one:

    verum fac me multis debere, et in iis Plancio, etc.,

    Cic. Planc. 28; cf.

    with a clause: tibi nos debere fatemur, quod, etc.,

    Ov. M. 4, 76.
    C.
    To continue to owe something; i. e. to withhold, keep back:

    quod praesenti tibi non tribueram, id absenti debere non potui,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 19, init. —So pass.:

    sic enim diximus, et tibi hoc video non posse debere,

    id. Tusc. 2, 27, 67 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > debeo

  • 93 Debitum

    dēbĕo ( dehibeo, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24 infra, cf. Ritschl, Opusc. Phil. 2, 590), ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a. [de-habeo], (lit., to have or keep from some one: "qui pecuniam dissolvit, statim non habet id quod reddidit, qui autem debet, aes retinet alienum," Cic. Planc. 28, 68 Wund.; hence), to owe (Gr. opheilô; opp. reddo, solvo, dissolvo, persolvo, freq. and class.).
    I.
    Lit., of money and money's worth.
    a.
    Act.,
    (α).
    with acc.:

    quas (drachmas) de ratione dehibuisti,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24; cf. Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 43:

    Mylasis et Alabandis pecuniam Cluvio debent,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 56; so,

    pecuniam alicui,

    id. ib. 13, 14 et saep.:

    qui dissolverem quae debeo,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 51:

    appellatus es de pecunia, quam pro domo, pro hortis, pro sectione debebas,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 71; so,

    grandem pecuniam,

    Sall. C. 49, 3: quadringenties HS. Cic. Phil. 2, 37:

    talenta CC,

    id. Att. 5, 21, 12:

    quadruplum, duplum,

    Quint. 7, 4, 44 et saep.—
    (β).
    Without acc.:

    illis quibus debeo,

    Ter. Ph. 5, 7, 30:

    ut illi quam plurimi deberent,

    Sall. J. 96, 2:

    nec ipsi debeo,

    Quint. 4, 4, 6: Cal. Jan. debuit;

    adhuc non solvit,

    Cic. Att. 14, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3 et saep.— Part. pres. as subst.: debentes, ium, m., debtors, Liv. 6, 27, 3; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 5.—
    b.
    Pass.:

    dum pecunia accipitur, quae mihi ex publica permutatione debetur,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 4; id. Verr. 2, 3, 82; cf.:

    quam ad diem legioni frumentum deberi sciebat,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

    a publicanis suae provinciae debitam biennii pecuniam exegerat,

    id. B. C. 3, 31; Quint. 5, 10, 117:

    quod si omnino non debetur? Quid? praetor solet judicare deberi?

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10; cf.:

    quaeretur an debeatur,

    Quint. 7, 1, 21 et saep.—Hence,
    (β).
    Dēbĭ-tum, i, n., what is owing, a debt, Cic. Att. 13, 23 fin.:

    ne de bonis deminui paterentur priusquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

    tamquam debito fraudetur,

    id. Or. 53, 178:

    ex quibus unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,

    will pay a debt with one, Sen. Ep. 7, 10:

    reddere,

    to repay, Col. 10, pr. 1.
    2.
    Prov.:

    animan debere,

    to be over head and ears in debt, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 56 ("Graecum proverbium, kai autên tên psuchên opheilei," Don.).
    II.
    Trop., to owe something, i. e. to be under obligation, both to and for something.
    A.
    To owe, i. e. to be bound or under obligation to render, pay, etc., something (for syn. cf.: necesse est, oportet, cogo, decet, opus est, par est, meum, tuum... alicujus est).
    1.
    In gen.
    a.
    Act.
    (α).
    with acc.:

    ego hoc tibi pro servitio debeo,

    Ter. Andr. 4, 1, 51:

    quo etiam majorem ei res publica gratiam debet,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 27; so,

    gratiam,

    Sall. J. 110; cf. no. b:

    videris patriae hoc munus debere,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 25:

    si fidem debet tutor,

    Quint. 5, 10, 73 (acc. to Cic. Top. 10, 42, si tutor fidem praestare debet); cf. no. b:

    dies longa videtur opus debentibus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 21:

    quos mundo debes oculos,

    Ov. M. 4, 197:

    debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum,

    Verg. A. 10, 853; cf. Ov. M. 6, 538; id. F. 5, 648:

    juvenem nil jam caelestibus ullis debentem,

    Verg. A. 11, 51; cf. Sil. 15, 371: navis, quae tibi creditum Debes Vergilium finibus Atticis, Hor. Od. 1, 3, 6; Ov. M. 1, 481 sq.:

    Turnum debent haec jam mihi sacra,

    Verg. A. 12, 317 Wagn. N. cr.; cf. id. ib. 11, 179:

    isti tibi quid homines debent?

    i. e. what business have you with those men? Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 51; cf. infra b fin.
    (β).
    With inf., to be bound, in duty bound to do something; I ought, must, should, etc., do it (in class. prose always in the sense of moral necessity; in the poets sometimes for necesse est):

    debetis velle quae velimus,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 39:

    num ferre contra patriam arma illi cum Coriolano debuerunt?

    Cic. Lael. 11:

    multo illa gravius aestimare debere,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 14 fin.:

    Africam forte Tubero obtinere debebat,

    id. B. C. 1, 30:

    debes hoc etiam rescribere,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 30 et saep.:

    ut agri vastari, oppida expugnari non debuerint, Caes, B. G. 1, 11: summae se iniquitatis condemnari debere, si, etc.,

    id. ib. 7, 19 fin.:

    scriptor... inter perfectos veteresque referri debet, etc.,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 37 (for which ib. 41: inter quos referendus erit? cf. also ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini;

    dicique beatus Ante obitum nemo debet,

    Ov. M. 3, 137):

    ut jam nunc dicat, jam nunc debentia dici,

    Hor. A. P. 43 et saep.— Poet. for necesse est, oportet, it is necessary, it must needs (so almost everywhere in Lucret.):

    omnia debet enim cibus integrare novando et fulcire cibus, etc.,

    Lucr. 2, 1146; 3, 188; 4, 61; 1, 232 Munro.—
    b.
    Pass., to be due or owing:

    Veneri jam et Libero reliquum tempus deberi arbitrabatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11:

    quanta his (sc. dis) gratia debeatur,

    id. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9 fin.:

    honores non ex merito, sed quasi debitos repetere,

    Sall. J. 85, 37 et saep.:

    persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant Debita!

    Verg. A. 2, 538:

    debita quam sulcis committas semina,

    id. G. 1, 223; Prop. 1, 6, 17; 2, 28, 60 (3, 26, 14 M.):

    debitae Nymphis opifex coronae,

    Hor. Od. 3, 27, 30:

    calentem debita sparges lacrima favillam,

    id. ib. 2, 6, 23; Prop. 3, 7, 9 (4, 6, 9 M.):

    soli mihi Pallas debetur,

    Verg. A. 10, 443 et saep.:

    quid tibi istic debetur?

    what business have you there? Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 18; id. Truc. 2, 2, 8; id. Rud. 1, 1, 34; cf. supra, a
    (α).
    .—Hence, Dēbĭtum, i, n., what is due, debt, duty, obligation (post-Aug. and rare):

    velut omni vitae debito liberatus,

    Curt. 10, 5, 3:

    nepotum nutriendorum,

    Val. Max. 2, 9, 1:

    non secundum gratiam, sed secundum debitum,

    Vulg. Rom. 4, 4; 1 Cor. 7, 3:

    solvere debito,

    to free from obligation, Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1.—
    2.
    Poet. (esp. in Verg.) and in post-Aug. prose like the Gr. opheilô and ophliskanô.
    a.
    To owe, i. e. to be bound or destined by fate or by nature (v. Lidd. and Scott sub. opheilô, no. 3).
    (α).
    Act.. urbem et jam cerno Phrygios debere nepotes, i. e. are destined to found, Ov. M. 15, 444:

    debet multas hic legibus aevi (i. e. fato) Ante suam mortes,

    Luc. 2, 82; cf. id. 6, 530.—More usually,
    (β).
    pass., to be due i. e. to be destined:

    cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus Debentur,

    Verg. A. 4, 276; cf. id. ib. 3, 184; 7, 120;

    145: indigetem Aeneam scis Deberi caelo,

    id. ib. 12, 795:

    animae, quibus altera fato Corpora debentur,

    id. ib. 6, 714:

    sors ista senectae Debita erat nostrae,

    id. ib. 11, 166:

    fatis debitus Arruns,

    i. e. devoted to death, id. ib. 11, 759:

    dum bello Argolici vastabant Pergama reges Debita casurasque inimicis ignibus arces,

    id. ib. 8, 375 (" fataliter ad exitium destinata," Serv.); cf. so absol.:

    tempora Parcae debita complerant,

    id. ib. 9, 108:

    morbo naturae debitum reddiderunt,

    Nep. Reg. 1 fin.: DEBITVM NATVRAE PERSOLVIT, etc., Inscr. Orell. no. 3453;

    and simply DEBITVM PERSOLVIT,

    id. ib. no. 4482.—
    b.
    So, because what one is destined by the fates to suffer is regarded as his debt (ophliskanein gelôta tini):

    tu nisi ventis debes ludibrium, cave,

    Hor. Od. 1, 14, 16.
    B.
    To owe something to some one, to be indebted to or to have to thank one for something.
    (α).
    With acc.:

    ut hoc summum beneficium Q. Maximo debuerim,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121; so magna beneficia mihi, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12;

    qui mihi laudem illam eo minus deberet,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 3:

    me paene plus tibi quam ipsi Miloni debiturum,

    id. Fam. 2, 6 fin.; cf. id. Planc. 28;

    and quantum cuique deberet,

    Nep. Epam. 3 fin.; Plin. Pan. 30, 1 et saep.:

    o cui debere salutem Confiteor,

    Ov. M. 7, 164;

    so vitam,

    id. Pont. 4, 5, 31;

    and in a like sense: se,

    id. M. 7, 48; 2, 644; so,

    in a bad sense, hoc quoque Tarquinio debebimus,

    id. Fast. 2, 825. —
    (β).
    Absol., to be indebted, obliged, under obligation to one:

    verum fac me multis debere, et in iis Plancio, etc.,

    Cic. Planc. 28; cf.

    with a clause: tibi nos debere fatemur, quod, etc.,

    Ov. M. 4, 76.
    C.
    To continue to owe something; i. e. to withhold, keep back:

    quod praesenti tibi non tribueram, id absenti debere non potui,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 19, init. —So pass.:

    sic enim diximus, et tibi hoc video non posse debere,

    id. Tusc. 2, 27, 67 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Debitum

  • 94 decet

    dĕcet, cuit, 2, v. impers. [Sanscr. dacas, fame; Gr. dokeô, to seem, think; Lat. decus, dignus]. It is seemly, comely, becoming,; it beseems, behooves, is fitting, suitable, proper (for syn. v. debeo init.):

    decere quasi aptum esse consentaneumque tempori et personae,

    Cic. Or. 22, 74; cf. also nunc quid aptum sit, hoc est, quid maxime deceat in oratione videamus, id. de Or. 3, 55, 210 (very freq. and class.; not in Caes.).—Constr., with nom. or inf. of the thing, and with acc.; less freq. with dat. of the pers.; sometimes absol.
    a.
    With nom. rei
    (α).
    and acc. pers.: Ph. Quin me aspice et contempla, ut haec (sc. vestis) me decet. Sc. Virtute formae id evenit, te ut deceat, quicquid habeas, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 16 sq.; cf.:

    quem decet muliebris ornatus, quem incessus psaltriae, Cic. Clod. fragm. 5, p. 105 ed. Beier: te toga picta decet,

    Prop. 4, 4, 53 al.; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 30; Quint. 8, 5, 28;

    and nec habitus triumphalis feminas deceat,

    id. 11, 1, 3; cf.:

    omnis Aristippum color decuit,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 23:

    intonsus crinis deum,

    Tib. 1, 4, 38; cf.:

    neglecta decet multas coma,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 153; id. F. 2, 106 et saep.:

    id maxime quemque decet, quod est cujusque maxime suum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113:

    quod omnes et semper et ubique decet,

    Quint. 11, 1, 14:

    non si quid Pholoen satis, Et te, Chlori, decet,

    Hor. Od. 3, 15, 8 et saep.:

    qui flexus deceat miserationem,

    Quint. 1, 11, 12:

    civitatem quis deceat status,

    Hor. Od. 3, 29, 25 et saep.—In plur.:

    quem tenues decuere togae nitidique capilli,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 32:

    te non citharae decent,

    id. Od. 3, 15, 14:

    alba decent Cererem: vestes Cerealibus albas Sumite,

    Ov. F. 4, 619; id. M. 1, 457 et saep.:

    nec velle experiri, quam se aliena deceant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113; Quint. 6, 1, 25:

    illa quoque diversa bonum virum decent,

    id. 11, 1, 42 et saep.:

    duo verba uni apposita ne versum quidem decuerint,

    id. 8, 6, 43.—
    (β).
    Without acc. pers.:

    nihil est difficilius quam quid deceat videre,

    Cic. Or. 21, 70; cf.:

    quid deceat et quid aptum sit personis,

    id. Off. 1, 34 fin.:

    casus singularis magis decuit,

    Quint. 8, 3, 20; id. 11, 3, 161 et saep.:

    idem fere in omni genere causarum et proderit et decebit,

    id. 11, 1, 14; cf. id. 9, 4, 21.—In plur.:

    ubi lepos, joci, risus, vinum, ebrietas decent,

    Plaut. Ps. prol. 20:

    cum magna pars est exhausta orationis, pene omnia decent,

    Quint. 11, 3, 147; 150; id. 11, 1, 48 et saep. —
    (γ).
    With dat.:

    istuc facinus nostro generi non decet,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 188: certa est ratio quae deceat philosopho, Apul. Flor. 3, p. 355, 13; Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 34; cf. infra. —
    b.
    With inf.
    (α).
    and acc. pers.:

    non te mihi irasci decet,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 24:

    hanc maculam nos decet effugere,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 31:

    oratorem irasci minime decet,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 25; Quint. 12, 6, 3; Ov. M. 3, 265; so freq. with inf. pass.:

    specimen naturae capi debet ex optima quaque natura,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 32:

    mortalin' decuit violari vulnere divum?

    Verg. A. 12, 797; Ter. And. prol. 16. —
    (β).
    Without acc.:

    injusta ab justis impetrare non decet,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 35:

    exemplis grandioribus decuit uti,

    Cic. Div. 1, 20; Ov. M. 8, 27:

    nunc decet caput impedire myrto: nunc et in umbrosis Fauno decet immolare lucis,

    Hor. Od. 1, 4, 9 sq.; id. Ep. 1, 17, 2; Pers. 3, 27.—
    (γ).
    With dat.:

    decet tantae majestati eas servare leges, quibus, etc.,

    Dig. 32, 1, 23:

    ita uti liberali esse ingenio decet,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 89:

    prima certe pensari decet populo utrum, etc.,

    Liv. 34, 58, 8.
    c.
    Absol.
    (α).
    with acc. pers.:

    ita ut vos decet,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 40; cf.:

    facis, ut te decet,

    Ter. Andr. 2, 5, 10; id. Heaut. 5, 5, 10:

    ita uti fortes decet milites,

    id. Eun. 4, 7, 44; cf.: id. Andr. 2, 6, 14:

    illum decet,

    Quint. 9, 4, 15 et saep.—
    (β).
    Without case:

    eia haud sic decet,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 35; cf. id. Hec. 2, 2, 10:

    fecisti ut decuerat,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 66:

    minus severe quam decuit,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 1:

    velata parte oris, quia sic decebat,

    it was becoming, Tac. A. 13, 45:

    nihil aliter ac deceat,

    id. Att. 6, 3, 8: perge;

    decet,

    Verg. A. 12, 153 et saep.—
    (γ).
    With dat.:

    ita nobis decet,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 5; id. Heaut. 5, 2, 12:

    locum editiorem quam victoribus decebat,

    Sall. H. 1, 98 (Serv. Verg. A. 8, 127.)— Hence, dĕcens, entis, P. a. (freq. in Hor., Ov., and post-Aug. prose, esp. Quint.; not in Verg.; in Cic. once adverbially, and cf. decentia), seemly, becoming, decent, proper, fit:

    amictus,

    Ov. Pont. 2, 5, 52; cf.:

    decentior amictus,

    Quint. 11, 3, 156;

    and sinus (togae) decentissimus,

    id. 11, 3, 140:

    ornatus,

    id. 2, 15, 21:

    motus,

    Hor. Od. 4, 13, 17; Quint. 1, 10, 26; cf.:

    corporis decens et accommodatus orationi motus,

    id. 11, 3, 29;

    and allevatio atque contractio humerorum,

    id. 11, 3, 83:

    decentissimum sponsalium genus,

    Sen. Ben. 1, 9 et saep.:

    quid verum atque decens,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 11:

    decentius erit servare pudorem,

    Quint. 11, 1, 78; cf. 8, 6, 6.—
    2.
    Esp. of corporeal fitness and symmetry, regularly, symmetrically, handsomely shaped; well-formed; noble:

    forma,

    Ov. Am. 3, 1, 9; cf.:

    habitus decentior quam sublimior,

    Tac. Agr. 44:

    facies,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 33:

    malae,

    Hor. Od. 3, 27, 53:

    Venus,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 6; cf.:

    Cynthia,

    Prop. 4, 8, 52 (5, 8, 52 M.):

    Gratiae,

    Hor. Od. 1, 4, 6:

    (Paullus) et nobilis et decens,

    id. ib. 4, 1, 13: pulcher et decens toto corpore, Suct. Dom. 18; cf. Juv. 6, 161:

    sumptis decentior armis Minerva,

    Ov. H. 5, 35; Quint. 8, 3, 10 et saep.— Adv.: decenter (acc. to no. 1), becomingly, decently, properly, fitly:

    fictis nominibus decenter uti,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 21, 5; cf.:

    fieri,

    Quint. 11, 1, 79:

    singula quaeque locum teneant sortita decenter,

    Hor. A. P. 92; cf.:

    maesta,

    Ov. Am. 2, 5, 44.— Comp.: Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 216; Quint. 9, 1, 21 al.— Sup., a false reading for diligentissime, Cic. Caes. 26, 74.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > decet

  • 95 demum

    dēmum (also demus, like prorsus, quorsus, rursus, deorsus, Liv. Andr. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 70, 8 Müll.; Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 51 Ritschl and Brix), adv. [a sup. form from de, downmost; cf.: sub, summus], used to give prominence to an idea in opposition to or restriction of another, at length, at last, not till then; just, precisely; only, etc.
    I.
    In Latin of every period and description of writing (for syn. cf.: tandem, denique, postremum, primo).
    A.
    Enclitically with pronouns, like adeo (but less freq.), just, precisely, especially, exactly, indeed; also translated by an emphasis of the pronoun:

    id demum lepidumst,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 14; cf.:

    sic sentio, id demum aut potius id solum esse miserum, quod turpe sit,

    Cic. Att. 8, 8 init.:

    idem velle atque idem nolle, ea demum firma amicitia est,

    Sall. C. 20, 4; cf. id. ib. 12 fin.:

    relinquere aculeum in audientium animis is demum potest, qui, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 18:

    tamquam ad eam linguam demum natus esset,

    Quint. 6 prooem. §

    11: me fortuna hac demum voluit consistere terra,

    Verg. A. 1, 629; cf. id. ib. 2, 743 al.:

    ille demum antiquis est adulescens moribus,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 20:

    per quaedam parva sane, si ipsa demum aestimes, ducunt,

    Quint. 1, 10, 5:

    vos demum, ut video, legem antiquastis sine tabella. Sed ego, etc.,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 38 (but Bait. vos quidem):

    quae demum causae secundam valetudinem praestent, Cels. praef.: jam vero exsilium, si rerum naturam, non ignominiam nominis quaerimus, quantum demum a perpetua peregrinatione differt?

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107:

    sciscitando eo demum pervenit, ut haud procul esset, quin Remum agnosceret,

    Liv. 1, 5 fin.
    (β).
    Strengthened by a preceding verum enim vero, or a following profecto:

    verum enim vero id demum juvat, si quem, etc.,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 2; Sall. C. 2, 9; cf. Liv. 4, 4:

    is demum profecto vitam aequa lance pensitabit, etc.,

    Plin. 7, 7, 5.—
    (γ).
    Separated from the pronoun:

    hoc est demum quod percrucior,

    Plaut. Bac. 5, 1, 13:

    illa seges demum,

    Verg. G. 1, 47.—
    B.
    Enclitically with the adverbs nunc, tum, or tunc, post, modo, jam, ibi, sic, etc.; just, precisely, not till; also freq. expressed by more strongly accenting those particles.—
    a.
    Nunc demum, Gr. nun dê, now, now at length, at last (cf.: nunc adeo, under 2. adeo, no. B. 2. c.):

    nunc demum ego cum illa fabulabor libere,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 40;

    so with scio,

    id. Epid. 3, 4, 22; id. Mil. 2, 6, 62;

    with intellego,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 12; cf.:

    nunc demum rescribo iis litteris, quas, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 16, 3; and:

    undevicesimo aetatis anno dicere in foro coepi et nunc demum, quid praestare debeat orator, adhuc tamen per caliginem video,

    yet it is only now that I am at length beginning to see, Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 8 et saep.—
    (β).
    In Plautus with following conjunctions, cum, quoniam, etc.:

    nunc demum a me insipienter factum esse arbitror, Cum rem cognosco,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 80; cf. id. Rud. 4, 4, 78.—
    (γ).
    Separated by pol, edepol, or other words:

    nunc pol demum ego sum liber,

    Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 14:

    nunc edepol demum in memoriam regredior, cum cogito, etc.,

    id. Capt. 5, 4; 25; id. Cas. 4, 4, 14; id. Aul. 1, 2, 1:

    heu, nunc misero mihi demum Exsilium infelix!

    Verg. A. 10, 849.—
    b.
    Tum demum, then at length, then indeed (so most freq., esp. in the historians;

    in Caes. only in this connection): tum demum Liscus oratione Caesaris adductus, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 50, 2; 1, 51, 2; Liv. 2, 20; 3, 12; Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6; Verg. A. 6, 330; 573; id. G. 3, 205; Ov. F. 4, 615 et saep.:

    utraque re satis experta tum demum consules,

    Liv. 2, 29.—
    (β).
    With foll. conjunct. ubi, si, cum, etc. (and in Plautus also separate; cf. above, no. 1. b. and c.):

    ubi expolivero, Magis hoc tum demum dices,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 61; Sall. J. 46; Cels. 7, 27 fin.:

    si id facies, tum demum scibis, etc.,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 56; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Cic. Rep. 1, 24; cf. with quodsi, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 4:

    ac tum demum, cum medium tenuere, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7:

    tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, Ubi, etc.,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—Once in this connection demum alone:

    servata res est demum, si illam videro,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 68.—
    c.
    Tunc demum (cf. Drak. Liv. 41, 3, 5):

    tunc demum intelleges, etc.,

    Sen. Ep. 121; Suet. Calig. 9; Vulg. Gen. 41, 9; and with cum, Col. praef. fin.;

    with ubi,

    Cels. 3, 6, and 10.—
    d.
    Post demum, afterwards, not till after:

    post eum demum huc cras adducam,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 65:

    post igitur demum, etc.,

    id. Amph. 3, 1, 16.—With post as praep.: unas enim post idus Martias, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 4:

    post biduum demum,

    Suet. Aug. 10 fin.
    e.
    Modo demum, only now, now for the first time:

    modone id demum sensti,

    Ter. And. 5, 3, 11.—
    f.
    Jam demum, now at last, now (cf. dê... êdê, Eurip. Suppl. 980;

    Troad. 235),

    Ov. Tr. 2, 8.—
    g.
    Ibi demum, just there:

    illic ibi demum'st locus, ubi, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 3; Quint. 10, 3, 13:

    ibi demum morte quievit,

    Verg. A. 9, 445; cf. id. ib. 1, 629; Stat. Th. 2, 474; id. Silv. 2, 3, 14; cf.

    also ibi demum, of time,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 53.—
    h.
    Sic demum:

    sic demum socios consumpta nocte reviso,

    Verg. A. 2, 795; 6, 154.—
    k.
    Ita demum, Vulg. 2 Mac. 6, 15.—
    2.
    With the abl. temp. or absol.:

    ego novus maritus anno demum quinto et sexagesimo fiam?

    Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 15:

    decimo demum pugnavimus anno,

    Ov. M. 13, 209:

    quarta vix demum exponimur hora,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 23:

    hieme demum,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 2, 2:

    pontificatum maximum, quem numquam vivo Lepido auferre sustinuerat, mortuo demum suscepit,

    Suet. Aug. 31; cf.:

    appellato demum collegio obtinuit,

    id. Caes. 23:

    his demum exactis,

    Verg. A. 6, 637:

    noctu demum rex recessit,

    Curt. 7, 11, 20.—And once with the nominative of the part. perf.:

    damnatus demum, vi coactus reddidit Mille et ducentos Philippos,

    i. e. not until condemned, Plaut. Bac. 2, 4, 38.—
    C.
    To add emphasis to the idea contained in a proposition, in fact, in very truth, certainly, indeed (rare):

    ea sunt enim demum non ferenda in mendacio, quae, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 15:

    immemor est demum, nec frugum munere dignus, qui, etc.,

    Ov. M. 15, 122; Quint. 10, 6, 5;

    so to strengthen a comparative (cf.: adeo, etiam): latius demum ire,

    further yet, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 156:

    num expositio haec longior demum esse debeat,

    Quint. 4, 2, 79.—
    II.
    In postAug. Latin.
    A.
    Only, solely, exclusively ( = duntaxat, tantum, solum, tantummodo, modo): ne vulgarem viam ingressus, alienis demum vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. § 3; id. 2, 15, 1:

    adeo suis demum oculis credidit,

    id. 11, 3, 68: quaedam (verba) tertiae demum personae figura dicuntur, ut licet, piget, id. 1, 4, 29: [p. 545] qui (Cicero) non assecutus esset docendo judicem tantum et utiliter demum ac Latine perspicueque dicendo, ut, etc., id. 8, 3, 3 et saep.:

    nihil magis pro contione testatus est, quam id demum se habiturum, quod, etc.,

    but just that, Suet. Oth. 6 et saep.:

    ut non is demum sit veneficus, qui vitam abstulit data potione, sed etiam qui mentem,

    Quint. 9, 2, 105; cf.

    with the following verum etiam,

    id. 7 prooem. § 1.—
    b.
    Ita demum, only so; then or in that case only; not till then ( = tum demum);

    esp. freq. in conditional propositions: si plus humoris excernitur quam assumitur, ita demum secundae valetudinis spes est,

    Cels. 3, 21; Plin. Ep. 3, 3, 2; Suet. Claud. 25 al.—
    B.
    To point out something as taking place only after previous delay, at length, at last = tandem:

    quod oppidum Hispaniae frustra diu oppugnatum illitis demum galbano facibus succenderit,

    Suet. Galb. 3; cf. corresp. with tandem, id. Calig. 6.—
    * 2.
    For denique no. II. 2, finally, in fine:

    ex quibus alium Ciceroni, alium Caesari, singulis demum singulos opponeremus,

    Tac. Or. 26 fin. Cf. Hand Turs. II. p. 250-260; Zumpt ad Curt. 6, 39, 25; Mützell ad Curt. 3, 7, 8; 3, 22, 26.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > demum

  • 96 dimitto

    dī-mitto, mīsi, missum, 3, v. a.
    I.
    With particular reference to the prep., to send different ways, to send apart, i. e.,
    A.
    [p. 582] To send out or forth in different directions, to send about (class.).
    (α).
    With acc.:

    Naevius pueros circum amicos dimittit,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 2:

    consules designatos circum provincias,

    Suet. Aug. 64:

    litteras circum municipia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 22, 1; cf.:

    litteras circa praefectos,

    Liv. 42, 51:

    litteras per omnes provincias,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 4;

    with which cf.: nuntios per agros,

    id. B. G. 6, 31, 2:

    librum per totam Italiam,

    Plin. Ep. 4, 7, 2:

    edicta per provincias,

    Suet. Galb. 10:

    certos per litora,

    Verg. A. 1, 577 et saep.:

    nuntios tota civitate Aeduorum,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 38, 9:

    nuntios in omnes partes,

    id. ib. 4, 19, 2; 4, 34, 5; cf. ib. 5, 49, 8; and poet.:

    aciem (i. e. oculos) in omnes partes,

    Ov. M. 3, 381:

    praefectos in finitimas civitates,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 3; cf.:

    Manlium Faesulas,

    Sall. C. 27 et saep.:

    nuntios ad Centrones, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 39, 1; so with ad, id. ib. 6, 34, 8; id. B. C. 1, 52 fin. al.:

    legatos quoquoversus,

    id. B. G. 3, 23, 2; 7, 4, 5; id. B. C. 1, 36, 2:

    dimissos equites pabulandi causa,

    id. ib. 1, 80, 3; cf.

    equitatum,

    id. B. G. 7, 71, 5:

    omnem ab se equitatum,

    id. ib. § 1.— Trop.:

    animum ignotas in artes,

    Ov. M. 8, 188, directs, applies (al. demittit).—
    (β).
    Without object acc.:

    dimisit circum omnes propinquas regiones,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 112, 6:

    per provincias,

    Liv. 29, 37: ad amicos, Cic. Tull. Fragm. § 22; cf.:

    in omnes partis,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 43, 1.—
    B.
    To separate a multitude, to break up, dissolve; and subjectively, to dismiss (from one's self), to discharge, disband:

    senatu dimisso,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    senatum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 65:

    concilium,

    id. Leg. 2, 12, 31; id. Vatin. 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 31; id. B. C. 1, 32, 4 et saep.; cf.

    conventum,

    Sall. C. 21 fin.: exercitum (a standing military t. t.; cf. Vell. 2, 52, 4), Caes. B. C. 1, 2, 6; 1, 9, 5 et saep.:

    plures manus (with diducere, and opp. continere manipulos ad signa),

    Caes. B. G. 6, 34, 5:

    delectum,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 8, 15:

    convivium,

    to break up, Liv. 36, 29; Tac. A. 15, 30 et saep.
    II.
    With particular reference to the verb, to send away either an individual or a body; to let go, discharge, dismiss, release.
    A.
    Lit.:

    aliquem ab se et amandare in ultimas terras,

    Cic. Sull. 20, 57; so,

    aliquem ab se,

    id. Fam. 13, 63; Nep. Att. 4, 2:

    discedentem aliquem non sine magno dolore,

    id. ib. 12, 18 fin.:

    aliquos aequos placatosque,

    id. Or. 10, 34; so,

    aliquem incolumem,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 18, 4; 1, 23, 3:

    ex custodia,

    Liv. 23, 2, 14:

    e carcere,

    Just. 21, 1, 5:

    impunitum,

    Sall. C. 51, 5:

    saucium ac fugatum,

    Nep. Hann. 4:

    neminem nisi victum,

    id. ib. 3 et saep.; cf.:

    aliquem ludos pessumos, i. e. pessime ludificatum,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 12:

    uxorem,

    i. e. to put her away, repudiate her, Suet. Aug. 63 al.:

    Cossutia dimissa, quae desponsata fuerat, etc.,

    id. Caes. 1:

    sponsam intactam,

    id. Aug. 62: cf.

    also: aliquam e matrimonio,

    Suet. Tib. 49; v. also under no. B.:

    creditorem,

    i. e. to pay him, Dig. 31, '72:

    debitorem,

    i. e. to forgive him the debt, ib. 50, 9, 4:

    equos, in order to fight on foot,

    Tac. Agr. 37 fin.; Verg. A. 10, 366;

    but also in order to flee,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 69 fin.:

    hostem ex manibus,

    id. ib. 1, 64, 2; 3, 49, 2; cf.

    also: Demosthenem (i. e. his orations) e manibus,

    to put out of one's hands, to lay down, Cic. Or. 30; cf.:

    istos sine ulla contumelia dimittamus,

    id. de Or. 3, 17, 64:

    milites, in oppidum,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 21, 2:

    a turpissima suspicione,

    to free, relieve, Petr. 13, 4.— Absol.:

    dimittam, ut te velle video,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 106; Cic. de Or. 1, 28; Quint. 11, 3, 86 al. —
    2.
    Transf., of inanimate objects:

    eum locum, quem ceperant,

    to abandon, desert, Caes. B. C. 1, 44, 4:

    Italiam,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 4:

    ripas,

    id. B. G. 5, 18 fin.:

    complura oppida,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 5:

    provinciam,

    Liv. 40, 43:

    captam Trojam,

    Ov. M. 13, 226 et saep.:

    fortunas morte,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12; cf.

    patrimonium,

    id. Caecin. 26 fin.:

    speratam praedam ex manibus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 1:

    signa ex metu,

    id. B. C. 3, 69 fin.; cf.

    arma,

    Sen. Ep. 66 fin.; Luc. 3, 367 et saep.— Esp.: dimissis manibus, with hands relaxed, i. e. in all haste:

    ibi odos dimissis manibus in caelum volat,

    Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 52; cf.:

    dimissis pedibus,

    id. ib. v. 54:

    dimissis manibus fugere domum,

    id. Ep. 3, 1, 16.—
    B.
    Trop., to renounce, give up, abandon, forego, forsake:

    ista philosophia, quae nunc prope dimissa revocatur,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 4, 11:

    rem saepius frustra tentatam,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 26 fin.:

    exploratam victoriam,

    id. B. G. 7, 52, 2:

    oppugnationem,

    id. ib. 7, 17, 4; id. B. C. 3, 73, 1:

    occasionem rei bene gerendae,

    id. B. G. 5, 57, 1; cf. id. B. C. 1, 72, 4; 3, 25, 4:

    rei gerendae facultatem,

    id. ib. 1, 28, 2;

    3, 97, 1: omnem rei frumentariae spem,

    id. ib. 1, 73, 1:

    condiciones pacis,

    id. ib. 1, 26, 2:

    principatum,

    id. B. G. 6, 12, 6:

    tempus,

    id. ib. 2, 21 fin.; Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 89:

    suum jus (opp. retinere),

    id. Balb. 13, 31:

    vim suam,

    id. Fam. 9, 12: libertatem; id. Planc. 34 fin.:

    amicitias,

    id. Lael. 21:

    commemorationem nominis nostri,

    id. Arch. 11 fin.:

    quaestionem,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 30:

    curam,

    id. Att. 14, 11; Tac. Or. 3:

    praeterita, instantia, futura pari oblivione,

    id. H. 3, 36:

    matrimonia,

    Suet. Calig. 25:

    fugam,

    Verg. A. 11, 706:

    coeptum iter,

    Ov. M. 2, 598:

    cursus,

    id. ib. 11, 446 et saep.:

    tantam fortunam ex manibus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 37 fin.:

    studium et iracundiam suam rei publicae dimittere, i. q. condonare,

    to sacrifice to the good of the state, id. B. C. 3, 69, 3; cf.:

    tributa alicui,

    i. e. to remit, Tac. H. 3, 55:

    laudibus nomen alicujus in longum aevum,

    to transmit, Luc. 1, 448:

    dimissum quod nescitur, non amittitur,

    is foregone, not lost, Pub. Syr. 138 (Rib.).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dimitto

  • 97 eisdem

    īdem, ĕădem, ĭdem ( masc. eidem, freq. in MSS. and inscrr.; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 1, 120; rarely isdem or eisdem; plur. nom. eidem; dat. and abl. eisdem; usu. contr. idem, isdem; not iidem, iisdem; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 198 sqq.), pron. [from the pronom. root I, whence is, and the demonstr. suff. dem; root of dies, day, time; hence, just, exactly, Corss. Aussp. 2, 855], the same.
    I.
    In gen.:

    deinde quod nos eadem Asia atque idem iste Mithridates initio belli Asiatici docuit,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

    quam (sphaeram) ab eodem Archimede factam posuerat in templo Virtutis Marcellus idem,

    id. Rep. 1, 14:

    id, quod eidem Ciceroni placet,

    Quint. 10, 7, 28:

    jure erat semper idem vultus (Socratis),

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

    idem semper vultus eademque frons,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    tu autem eodem modo omnes causas ages? aut in iisdem causis perpetuum et eundem spiritum sine ulla commutatione obtinebis?

    id. Or. 31, 110:

    non quod alia res esset: immo eadem,

    id. Clu. 29, 80:

    etiam si verbo differre videbitur, re tamen erit unum et omnibus in causis idem valebit,

    id. Caecin. 21, 59:

    ad causas simillimas inter se vel potius easdem,

    id. Brut. 94, 324. —
    II.
    In partic., idem is used,
    A.
    When two predicates are referred to the same subject.
    1.
    When the predicates are of the same kind it may often be rendered, at the same time, likewise, also, etc., or = is (ea, id) with quoque, etiam, simul, etc.:

    cum Academico et eodem rhetore congredi conatus sum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 1; cf.:

    oratio splendida et grandis et eadem in primis faceta,

    id. Brut. 79, 273:

    avunculus meus, vir innocentissimus idemque doctissimus,

    id. N. D. 3, 32, 80:

    jam M. Marcellus ille quinquies consul totum (auspicium) omisit, idem imperator, idem augur optimus,

    id. Div. 2, 36, 77:

    ubi Xenocrates, ubi Aristoteles ista tetigit? hos enim quasi eosdem esse vultis,

    id. Ac. 2, 44, 136; cf.:

    viros fortes, magnanimos, eosdem bonos et simplices esse volumus,

    id. Off. 1, 19, 63:

    Caninius idem et idem noster cum ad me pervesperi venisset, etc.,

    id. Fam. 9, 2, 1:

    amicus est tamquam alter idem,

    a second self, id. Lael. 21, 80:

    ad idem semper exspectandum paratior,

    id. Off. 2, 15, 53:

    nam idem velle atque idem nolle, ea demum firma amicitia est,

    Sall. C. 20, 5; cf.:

    quos omnes eadem odisse, eadem metuere in unum coeëgit,

    id. J. 31, 14:

    Hisdem diebus, for eisdem,

    Pall. 10, 13:

    hic finis belli,... idemque finis regni,

    Liv. 45, 9, 2; 2, 12, 2:

    quae ab condita urbe Roma ad captam urbem eandem Romani... gessere,

    id. 6, 1, 1:

    ut pars militum gladiatores, qui e servitio Blaesi erant, pars ceteram ejusdem familiam vincirent,

    Tac. A. 1, 23:

    erepta mihi prius eorundem matre,

    Quint. 6 prooem. 4:

    fervida aestas, longinqua itinera sola ducis patientia mitigabantur, eodem plura quam gregario milite tolerante,

    Tac. A. 14, 24.—
    2.
    When the predicates are in contrast with one another it may be rendered, nevertheless, yet, on the contrary:

    (Epicurus) cum optimam et praestantissimam naturam dei dicat esse, negat idem esse in deo gratiam,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 43, § 121; cf. Curt. 5, 1, 14.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    Connected or corresp. with the pronouns ego, tu, hic, ille, iste, qui, and with unus:

    idem ego ille (non enim mihi videor insolenter gloriari, etc.) idem inquam ego recreavi afflictos animos, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8:

    ego idem, qui, etc.,

    id. Or. 7, 23; cf.:

    habitae sunt multae de me contiones... habuit de eodem me P. Lentulus consul contionem,

    id. Sest. 50, 107:

    cedo nunc ejusdem illius inimici mei de me eodem contionem,

    id. ib. §

    108: de me eodem,

    id. ib. 51, 109:

    quin tu igitur concedis idem, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 39 fin. Mos.; cf.:

    cognoram te in custodia salutis meae diligentem: eundemque te, etc.,

    id. Att. 4, 1, 1:

    Sopater quidam fuit, etc.... huic eidem Sopatro eidem inimici ad C. Verrem ejusdem rei nomen detulerunt,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 68:

    cum est idem hic Sopater absolutus,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 29, §

    70: hoc idem facere,

    id. Rep. 1, 35:

    ab hisce eisdem permotionibus,

    id. de Or. 1, 12, 53:

    idem ille tyrannus,

    id. Rep. 1, 42:

    in eisdem illis locis,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 56:

    eandem illam (sphaeram),

    id. Rep. 1, 14:

    eum et idem qui consuerunt et idem illud alii desiderent,

    id. Off. 2, 15 fin.:

    idem iste Mithridates,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19 (Klotz, Orell., B. and K.;

    older edd., idem ipse): musici qui erant quondam idem poëtae,

    id. de Or. 3, 44, 174; cf.:

    beneficentia, quam eandem benignitatem appellari licet,

    id. Off. 1, 7, 20:

    quod idem in ceteris artibus non fit,

    id. Fin. 3, 7, 24 fin.:

    exitus quidem omnium unus et idem fuit,

    id. Div. 2, 47, 97:

    in qua (causa) omnes sentirent unum atque idem,

    id. Cat. 4, 7, 14; cf.

    in an inverted order: ut verset saepe multis modis eandem et unam rem,

    id. Or. 40, 137:

    neque ego aliter accepi: intellexi tamen idem, non existimasse te, etc.,

    id. Fam. 9, 15, 3; id. Att. 3, 12, 1; 8, 3, 3.—
    2.
    As a word of comparison, with et, ac, que, ut, qui ( quae, quod), quam, quasi, cum, or (mostly poet.) with the dat., the same as, identical with, of the same meaning as, etc.:

    si quaeratur, idemne sit pertinacia et perseverantia,

    Cic. Top. 23, 87: videmus fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent, at the same time and as well as, id. Or. 7, 22; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51:

    imperii nostri terrarumque idem est extremum,

    id. Prov. Cons. 13, 33; cf. id. Cael. 28, 67:

    disputationem habitam non quasi narrantes exponimus, sed eisdem fere verbis, ut actum disputatumque est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 3, 9:

    idem abeunt, qui venerant,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

    quoniam earum rerum quas ego gessi, non est eadem fortuna atque condicio, quae illorum qui, etc.,

    id. Cat. 3, 12, 27:

    non quo idem sit servulus quod familia,

    id. Caecin. 20, 58:

    qui (servi) et moribus eisdem essent, quibus dominus, et eodem genere ac loco nati,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:

    eandem constituit potestatem quam si, etc.,

    id. Agr. 2, 12, 30:

    eodem loco res est, quasi ea pecunia legata non esset,

    id. Leg. 2, 21, 53; cf.:

    sensu amisso fit idem, quasi natus non esset omnino,

    id. Lael. 4, 14.—With cum:

    tibi mecum in eodem est pistrino vivendum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144:

    hunc eodem mecum patre genitum, etc.,

    Tac. A. 15, 2:

    in eadem mecum Africa geniti fides,

    Liv. 30, 12, 15; 28, 28, 14.—With dat.:

    (Homerus) Sceptra potitus, eadem aliis sopitu' quiete est,

    Lucr. 3, 1038; cf.:

    invitum qui servat idem facit occidenti,

    Hor. A. P. 467; so Ov. M. 13, 50; id. Am. 1, 4, 1 al.:

    quod non idem illis censuissemus,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 6, 3; Just. 2, 4, 10:

    ille eadem nobis juratus in arma,

    Ov. M. 13, 50.—In neutr. with gen.:

    si idem nos juris haberemus quod ceteri,

    Cic. Balb. 12, 29:

    tibi idem consilii do, quod, etc.,

    id. Fam. 9, 2, 2:

    omnes qui ubique idem operis efficiunt,

    Lact. 5, 4, 1:

    non habet officii lucifer omnis idem,

    Ov. F. 1, 46.— Advv.: eādem, eodem, v. h. v.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > eisdem

  • 98 excusatio

    excūsātĭo ( excuss-), ōnis, f. [excuso], an excusing, excuse (freq. and class.); constr. with obj. or subj. gen., absol., with cur, quominus, etc.
    (α).
    With gen. obj.:

    peccati,

    Cic. Lael. 11, 37:

    intermissionis litterarum,

    id. Fam. 16, 25:

    valent apud me excusationes injuriae tuae,

    id. Sull. 16, 47.—
    (β).
    With gen. subj.:

    pauci ejusdem generis addit cum excusatione Pompeii conjuncta (shortly before: velle Pompeium se Caesari purgatum),

    Caes. B. C. 1, 8, 4.—With both constructions:

    excusatio Ser. Sulpicii legationis obeundae,

    Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 8.—
    (γ).
    With a causal gen. (freq.):

    hic dies summa'st apud me inopiae excusatio,

    Plaut. As. 3, 1, 31:

    excusatio vel pietatis, vel necessitatis, vel aetatis,

    Cic. Cael. 1, 2; cf.

    adolescentiae,

    id. ib. 18, 43:

    me neque honoris neque aetatis excusatio vindicat a labore,

    id. Sull. 9, 26:

    aetatis,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 85, 9:

    valetudinis,

    Cic. Pis. 6, 13:

    oculorum,

    id. de Or. 2, 68, 275: [p. 681] familiaris funeris, id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8:

    amicitiae,

    id. Lael. 12, 43:

    necessitatis,

    id. Rab. Post. 10, 27:

    summae stultitiae,

    id. Caecin. 11, 30 et saep.—
    (δ).
    Absol.:

    turpis enim excusatio est si quis contra rem publicam se amici causa fecisse fateatur,

    Cic. Lael. 12, 40:

    illa perfugia, quae sumunt sibi ad excusationem,

    id. Rep. 1, 5:

    (Sappho) dat tibi justam excusationem,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 126:

    libenter Caesar petentibus Aeduis dat veniam excusationemque accipit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 4, 3:

    triduum disputationibus excusationibusque extrahitur,

    id. B. C. 1, 33, 3 et saep.—
    (ε).
    With cur and quominus:

    accipio excusationem tuam, qua usus es, cur, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 1:

    nemini civi ullam, quominus adesset, satis justam excusationem esse visam,

    id. Pis. 15, 36.—
    (ζ).
    With acc. and inf.:

    habent excusationem legitimam, exsilii causa solum vertisse nec esse postea restitutos,

    id. Phil. 5, 5, 14.—
    (η).
    With kindr. accus.:

    ad excusandas excusationes in peccatis,

    Vulg. Psa. 140, 4.—
    II.
    Transf., a being excused, a release, discharge from any thing (post-class.):

    tria onera tutelarum dant excusationem,

    Dig. 27, 1 (De excusationibus), 3; cf.:

    omnibus excusatio a tutela competit,

    ib. 5 et saep. (vid. the whole title).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > excusatio

  • 99 excussatio

    excūsātĭo ( excuss-), ōnis, f. [excuso], an excusing, excuse (freq. and class.); constr. with obj. or subj. gen., absol., with cur, quominus, etc.
    (α).
    With gen. obj.:

    peccati,

    Cic. Lael. 11, 37:

    intermissionis litterarum,

    id. Fam. 16, 25:

    valent apud me excusationes injuriae tuae,

    id. Sull. 16, 47.—
    (β).
    With gen. subj.:

    pauci ejusdem generis addit cum excusatione Pompeii conjuncta (shortly before: velle Pompeium se Caesari purgatum),

    Caes. B. C. 1, 8, 4.—With both constructions:

    excusatio Ser. Sulpicii legationis obeundae,

    Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 8.—
    (γ).
    With a causal gen. (freq.):

    hic dies summa'st apud me inopiae excusatio,

    Plaut. As. 3, 1, 31:

    excusatio vel pietatis, vel necessitatis, vel aetatis,

    Cic. Cael. 1, 2; cf.

    adolescentiae,

    id. ib. 18, 43:

    me neque honoris neque aetatis excusatio vindicat a labore,

    id. Sull. 9, 26:

    aetatis,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 85, 9:

    valetudinis,

    Cic. Pis. 6, 13:

    oculorum,

    id. de Or. 2, 68, 275: [p. 681] familiaris funeris, id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8:

    amicitiae,

    id. Lael. 12, 43:

    necessitatis,

    id. Rab. Post. 10, 27:

    summae stultitiae,

    id. Caecin. 11, 30 et saep.—
    (δ).
    Absol.:

    turpis enim excusatio est si quis contra rem publicam se amici causa fecisse fateatur,

    Cic. Lael. 12, 40:

    illa perfugia, quae sumunt sibi ad excusationem,

    id. Rep. 1, 5:

    (Sappho) dat tibi justam excusationem,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 126:

    libenter Caesar petentibus Aeduis dat veniam excusationemque accipit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 4, 3:

    triduum disputationibus excusationibusque extrahitur,

    id. B. C. 1, 33, 3 et saep.—
    (ε).
    With cur and quominus:

    accipio excusationem tuam, qua usus es, cur, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 1:

    nemini civi ullam, quominus adesset, satis justam excusationem esse visam,

    id. Pis. 15, 36.—
    (ζ).
    With acc. and inf.:

    habent excusationem legitimam, exsilii causa solum vertisse nec esse postea restitutos,

    id. Phil. 5, 5, 14.—
    (η).
    With kindr. accus.:

    ad excusandas excusationes in peccatis,

    Vulg. Psa. 140, 4.—
    II.
    Transf., a being excused, a release, discharge from any thing (post-class.):

    tria onera tutelarum dant excusationem,

    Dig. 27, 1 (De excusationibus), 3; cf.:

    omnibus excusatio a tutela competit,

    ib. 5 et saep. (vid. the whole title).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > excussatio

  • 100 exstinguo

    ex-stinguo ( ext-), nxi, nctum, 3 (archaic perf. subj. exstinxit, for exstinxerit, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 43.—Contracted forms exstinxsti, Verg. A. 4, 682; Pac. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 193;

    and exstinxem,

    Verg. A. 4, 606), v. a., to put out what is burning, to quench, extinguish (class.; esp. freq. in Cic. and in the trop. signif.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    recens exstinctum lumen,

    Lucr. 6, 791:

    exstincta lumina,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 2:

    faces,

    Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 228:

    lucernam,

    id. 31, 3, 28, § 49; cf.:

    senes mori sic videntur ut sua sponte nulla adhibita vi consumptus ignis exstinguitur,

    goes out, Cic. de Sen. 19, 71:

    ignem,

    Ov. F. 2, 712:

    incendium,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 2:

    sol exstinguitur,

    id. Rep. 6, 22: exstincto calore ipsi exstinguimur, id. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

    calx exstincta,

    i. e. slaked, Vitr. 2, 5.—
    B.
    Transf., to deprive of life or strength, to kill, destroy:

    animam alicui,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 16:

    nolite, hunc jam natura ipsa occidentem velle maturius exstingui vulnere vestro,

    Cic. Cael. 32, 79; cf. id. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

    juvenem fortuna morbo exstinxit,

    Liv. 8, 3, 7:

    vir egregius exstinctus,

    cut off, Cic. Brut. 1, 1; id. Rep. 6, 14; Verg. E. 5, 20; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 14; Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 25; Tac. A. 3, 7 et saep.:

    rapitur miser exstinguendus Messalinae oculis,

    Juv. 10, 332:

    vel modico tepore sucus exstinguitur,

    i. e. is dried up, Curt. 6, 4, 11:

    mammas,

    Plin. 23, 2, 32, § 67:

    odorem alii,

    to destroy, id. 19, 6, 34, § 113:

    venena,

    to render powerless, id. 20, 17, 69, § 179: aquam Albanam dissipatam rivis, to consume, get rid of, an old prophecy in Liv. 5, 16, 9.—
    II.
    Trop., to abolish, destroy, annihilate, annul (syn.: tollo, deleo, opprimo, diruo, everto, demolior, destruo;

    opp. inflammo): tyrannis institutis leges omnes exstinguuntur atque tolluntur,

    Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 5:

    ea, quae antea scripserat,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172:

    improbitas exstinguenda atque delenda est,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 26:

    potentiam exstinguere atque opprimere,

    id. Rosc. Am. 13, 36;

    but also distinguished from opprimere: ut exstinctae potius amicitiae quam oppressae esse videantur,

    extinct, id. Lael. 21, 78:

    ad sensus animorum atque motus vel inflammandos vel etiam exstinguendos,

    id. de Or. 1, 14, 60:

    sermo omnis ille oblivione posteritatis extinguitur,

    id. Rep. 6, 23 fin.; cf.:

    exstinctis rumoribus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 60 fin.:

    ad ejus salutem exstinguendam,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    nomen populi Romani,

    id. Cat. 4, 4, 7:

    superiorem gloriam rei militaris,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29, 4:

    memoriam publicam,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    gratiam,

    id. Fam. 1, 1, 4:

    familiaritates,

    id. Lael. 10, 35:

    invidiam,

    id. Balb. 6, 16:

    infamiam,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 168: causam nascentem dissensionis, Matius in Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    consuetudinem,

    Cic. Cael. 25, 61:

    reliquias belli,

    id. Fam. 10, 25, 1:

    bellum civile,

    Plin. 7, 26, 27, § 96:

    jus pignoris,

    Dig. 20, 1, 9; cf.

    fideicommissum,

    ib. 32, 1, 11:

    actionem,

    ib. 47, 2, 42 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exstinguo

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