vīcīnĭa

vīcīnĭa, ae, f. [vicinus], neighborhood, nearness, vicinage, vicinity.

Lit. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

but cf. vicinitas): proximae viciniae habitat,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 27:

hic proximae viciniae,

id. Mil. 2, 3, 2:

mulier quaedam commigravit huc viciniae,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 43:

hic viciniae,

id. Phorm. 1, 2, 45: inde in viciniā nostra Averni lacus, * Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

in viciniā urbis,

Col. 7, 3, 13:

pharetratae vicinia Persidis,

Verg. G. 4, 290:

mons elatus super nubila atque in viciniam lunaris circuli,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 7:

mortis,

proximity, Petr. 93: mortem in viciniā videre, Sen. ap. Lact. 6, 17 fin. —

Transf., concr., neighborhood, i. q. neighbors (freq. but not ante-Aug.; cf.

vicinitas): libertina, non ignota viciniae,

Liv. 39, 12, 1:

funus Egregie factum laudet vicinia,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 106; id. Ep. 1, 16, 44; 1, 17, 62; Ov. M. 2, 688; 4, 636; 8, 689; Pers. 4, 46; Vell. 1, 4; Vall. Max. 5, 7, 3; Suet. Calig. 55; App. M. 7, p. 190, 35; Juv. 14, 154.—With a plur. noun, Ov. F. 2, 657; 3, 189.—

Trop., near likeness, resemblance, similarity, affinity (post-Aug.;

a favorite trope of Quint.): aqua ad viciniam lactis accedens,

Plin. 31, 3, 22, § 37; 37, 9, 40, § 123 (al. ad vicina):

est tamen quamquam diversarum rerum quaedam vicinia,

Quint. 8, 4, 12:

quaedam vicinia virtutum vitiorumque,

id. 2, 12, 4:

est huic tropo quaedam cum synecdoche vicinia,

id. 8, 6, 28; cf. id. 3, 8, 9; 9, 3, 65 sq.

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

grădus, ūs (archaic gen. sing. graduis, Varr. ap. Non. 494, 17; dat. gradu, Lucil. ap. Fest. s. v. remeligines, p. 276 Müll.), m. [kindr. with Sanscr. kram, to go; v. gradior], a step, pace (cf.: gressus, passus, incessus).

Lit.:

ad hanc conversionem, quae pedibus et gradu non egeret, ingrediendi membra non dedit,

Cic. Univ. 6: quaenam vox ex te resonans meo gradu remoram facit? Lucil. l. l.: gradum proferre pedum, Enn. ap. Fest. S. V. PEDUM, p. 249, a Müll. (Trag. v. 248 Vahl.): quo nunc incerta re atque inorata gradum Regredere conare? id. ap. Non. 166, 23 (Trag. v. 12 Vahl.):

gradum facere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249:

tollere gradum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 6:

ad forum suspenso gradu placide ire perrexi,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 27:

quieto et placido gradu sequi,

Phaedr. 2, 7, 6; cf.

, on the contrary: celeri gradu Eunt uterque,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 22:

ut tu es gradibus grandibus,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 11:

citato gradu in hostem ducere,

Liv. 28, 14, 17:

concito gradu properare,

Phaedr. 3, 2, 11:

gradum celerare,

to hasten, Verg. A. 4, 641: so,

corripere,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 33:

addere,

Liv. 26, 9, 5:

sistere,

Verg. A. 6, 465:

sustinere,

Ov. F. 6, 398:

revocare,

Verg. A. 6, 128:

referre,

Ov. F. 5, 502:

vertere,

Stat. Th. 8, 138 et saep.:

peditum aciem instructam pleno gradu in hostem inducit,

at full pace, at a quick step, Liv. 4, 32, 10; 34, 15, 3; 34, 16, 2; cf.: militari gradu viginti milia passuum horis quinque dumtaxat aestivis conficienda sunt;

pleno autem gradu, qui citatior est, totidem horis XXIV. milia peragenda sunt,

Veg. 1, 9:

modico gradu,

Liv. 30, 5, 3: presso gradu, = badên, with measured step, a moderate pace, id. 28, 14, 14:

citato gradu,

id. 28, 14, 17; Trebon. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 2: non gradu, sed praecipiti cursu a virtute descitum, ad vitia transcursum, step by step, = gradatim, Vell. 2, 1, 1:

per gradus,

Ov. M. 2, 354.—

Trop., a step, stage, degree:

quem mortis timuit gradum,

pace, approach, Hor. C. 1, 3, 17:

hunc quasi gradum quendam atque aditum ad cetera factum intelligitis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 15, 38; cf.:

itaque majoribus nostris in Africam ex hac provincia gradus imperii factus est,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 3; Quint. 3, 6, 8; so,

Crassus Licinius nec consul nec praetor ante fuerat, quam censor est factus: ex aedilitate gradum censuram fecit,

Liv. 27, 6, 17; 6, 35, 2 Drak.:

hunc gradum mei reditus esse, quod mulieres revertissent,

a step towards my return, Cic. Att. 7, 23, 2; cf. Liv. 6, 42, 2:

notitiam primosque gradus vicinia fecit: Tempore crevit amor,

Ov. M. 4, 59; cf. Prop. 1, 13, 8:

cum consuleretur, quid sentiret, Non possum, inquit, tibi dicere: nescio enim quid de gradu faciat: tamquam de essedario interrogaretur,

i. e. of the Peripatetics, Sen. Ep. 29:

etsi spondeus, quod est e longis duabus, hebetior videtur et tardior, habet tamen stabilem quendam et non expertem dignitatis gradum,

pace, Cic. Or. 64, 216.

Transf.

In milit. and gladiator's lang., station, position, ground taken by a combatant:

obnisos vos (velim) stabili gradu impetum hostium excipere,

Liv. 6, 12, 8; cf. Tac. H. 2, 35:

de gradu libero ac stabili conari,

Liv. 34, 39, 3:

in suo quisque gradu obnixi, urgentes scutis, sine respiratione ac respectu pugnabant,

id. 8, 38, 11:

inque gradu stetimus, certi non cedere,

Ov. M. 9, 43:

hostes gradu demoti,

Liv. 6, 32, 8 Drak. N. cr.; for which:

turbare ac statu movere,

id. 30, 18, 4.—

Trop., a firm position or stand:

corda virum mansere gradu,

i. e. firm, steadfast, Sil. 16, 21:

fortis et constantis est, non perturbari in rebus asperis, nec tumultuantem de gradu deici, ut dicitur,

to let one's self be disconcerted, Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80; cf.:

dejectus de gradu,

id. Att. 16, 15, 3: motus gradu, Sen. Const. Sap. 19:

gradu depulsus,

Nep. Them. 5, 1; cf.:

nam si gradum, si caritatem filii apud te haberem,

Liv. 40, 9, 3.—

That on which one steps, a step or round of a ladder, a stair.

Lit. (usu. in plur.): quemadmodum scalarum gradus si alios tollas, alios incidas, etc., Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3:

haerent parietibus scalae, postesque sub ipsos Nituntur gradibus,

Verg. A. 2, 443:

gradus templorum,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 5:

gradus ejusdem templi tollebantur,

id. Sest. 15, 34; cf.:

aerea cui (templo) gradibus surgebant limina,

Verg. A. 1, 448; Vell. 2, 3, 1:

pro Palatii gradibus,

Suet. Ner. 8; id. Vit. 15:

praeceps per gradus ire,

id. Calig. 35:

si gradibus trepidatur ab imis,

Juv. 3, 200.—

Sing.:

cum dextro pede primus gradus ascenditur,

Vitr. 3, 3.—

Transf., of things that rise by steps.

In hair-dressing, a braid of hair:

caput in gradus atque anulos comptum,

Quint. 12, 10, 47:

comam in gradus frangere,

id. 1, 6, 44; cf.:

coma in gradus formata,

Suet. Ner. 51.—

In econom. lang., a spit or such a depth of earth as can be dug at once with the spade, Col. 3, 13, 19; 4, 1, 3.—

In math., a degree of a circle, Manil. 1, 579.—

In veterin. lang., a wrinkle on the roof of a horse's mouth, Veg. Vet. 1, 2; 32; 4, 2.—

Trop., a step, degree in tones, in age, relationship, rank, etc. (equally common in sing. and plur.):

ille princeps variabit et mutabit, omnes sonorum tum intendens tum remittens persequetur gradus,

Cic. Or. 18, 59; cf. id. de Or. 3, 61, 227:

ab ima ad summam (vocem) ac retro multi sunt gradus,

Quint. 11, 3, 15; cf. Vulg. Psa. 119 Tit. et saep.:

Paulatim gradus aetatis scandere adultae,

Lucr. 2, 1123; cf.:

quod tanta penuria est in omni vel honoris vel aetatis gradu, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 3; so,

aetatis,

Vell. 2, 36, 2; Quint. 3, 7, 15; Suet. Aug. 79; id. Tit. 3 al.:

unus gradus et una progenies,

Lact. 2, 10, 10:

nostri quoque sanguinis auctor Juppiter est, totidemque gradus distamus ab illo,

Ov. M. 13, 143; cf.:

a matre Magnum Pompeium artissimo contingebat gradu,

Suet. Aug. 4; id. Ner. 2:

qui (populus) te tam mature ad summum imperium per omnes honorum gradus extulit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

gradus dignitatis,

id. Rep. 1, 27; cf. id. ib. 1, 27 fin.—Sing.:

ex tam alto dignitatis gradu,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12 fin.:

gradus altior, altissimus, amplissimus, dignitatis,

id. Clu. 55, 150; id. Phil. 1, 6, 14; id. Mur. 14, 30; cf. also id. ib. 27, 55:

summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenere et dignitatis et gratiae,

id. Planc. 13, 32:

a senatorio gradu longe abesse,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 21, 61; cf.:

ascendens gradibus magistratuum,

id. Brut. 81, 281.—Without gen.:

etenim quis est civis praesertim hoc gradu, quo me vos esse voluistis, tam oblitus beneficii vestri, etc.,

id. Phil. 6, 7, 18; id. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

omni gradu amplissimo dignissimus,

id. Fam. 6, 10, 2:

gradus officiorum,

id. Off. 1, 45, 160:

temporum servantur gradus,

id. Part. 4, 12: cf.:

non iidem erunt necessitudinum gradus qui temporum,

id. Off. 1, 18, 59:

gradus cognationis,

Dig. 38, 10, 1 sqq.:

v. de gradibus,

Paul. Sent. 4, 11, 1 -8:

agnationis,

Gai. Inst. 3, 10, 11:

si plures eodem gradu sint agnati,

Ulp. Fragm. 26, 5: cognati ex transverso gradu usque ad quartum gradum, i. e. collateral kindred (opp. parentes et liberi), id. ib. 5, 6:

gradus plures sunt societatis hominum,

id. ib. 1, 17, 53:

peccatorum gradus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 74, § 172:

oratorum aetates et gradus,

id. Brut. 32, 122; cf.:

gradus et dissimilitudines Atticorum,

id. ib. 82, 285:

accendendi judicis plures sunt gradus,

Quint. 11, 3, 166; 6, 4, 67: nec gradus est ultra Fabios cognominis ullus;

Illa domus meritis Maxima dicta suis,

Ov. F. 1, 605:

si ita esset, quid opus erat te gradatim istuc pervenire?... A beatis ad virtutem, a virtute ad rationem video te venisse gradibus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 89; cf.:

omnes gradus virtutis implere,

Lact. 5, 14, 18; and:

hi plerumque gradus,

Juv. 11, 46.

pāgus, i (old gen. PAGEIEI, which prob. is an error for PAGEI, Inscr. Orell. 3793), m. [root pak-, pag-, to make fast or firm, whence pango, pax, pagina; Gr. pêgnumi, pagos, etc.; prop., a place with fixed boundaries; hence], a district, canton, province (opp. to the city), the country (cf. vicus):

paganalia (feriae sunt eorum) qui sunt aliquoius pagi,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 24; cf. id. ib. § 26 Müll.: Lemonia tribus a pago Lemonio appellata est, Paul. ex Fest. p. 15:

pagos et compita circum,

Verg. G. 2, 382:

omissis pagis vicisque,

Tac. A. 1, 56:

MAGISTER PAGI,

a country magistrate, Inscr. Orell. 3793 sq.:

si me toto laudet vicinia pago,

Juv. 14, 154.—Of the districts, cantons, of the Gauls and Germans:

in Galliā... in omnibus pagis partibusque,

Caes. B. G. 6, 11; 1, 12; 4, 1; 22; 6, 23; 7, 64; Tac. G. 39:

cum Alamannorum pagos aliquos esse reputaret hostiles,

Amm. 18, 2, 1.—

Transf.

The country people:

festus in pratis vacat otioso Cum bove pagus,

Hor. C. 3, 18, 11:

pagus agat festum,

Ov. F. 1, 669.—

Novem Pagi, a city in Belgic Gaul, now Dieuze, Amm. 16, 2, 9 (al. Decem Pagi).

raucus, a, um, adj. [from root ru-, to make a loud noise, ravus], hoarse.

Lit. (freq. and class.):

rogitando sum raucus factus,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 1, 16: expurigabo ad raucam ravim omnia, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 164, 19:

nos raucos saepe attentissime audiri video: at Aesopum, si paulum irrauserit, explodi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 259; Prop. 1, 16, 39:

cornices,

Lucr. 6, 751:

palumbes,

Verg. E. 1, 58:

cicadae,

id. ib. 2, 12:

fauces,

Lucr. 6, 1189; cf.

guttur,

Ov. M. 2, 484:

os aselli,

id. F. 1, 433:

vox (ranarum),

id. M. 6, 377:

garrulitas (picarum),

id. ib. 5, 678:

stridor (simiae),

id. ib. 14, 100:

quaere peregrinum vicinia rauca reclamat,

screaming herself hoarse, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 62; cf.

circus,

Juv. 8, 59 Rup.:

causidici,

Mart. 4, 8, 2:

rogatores,

id. 10, 5, 4:

Codrus,

Juv. 1, 2:

cohors (Gallorum),

id. 6, 514:

illa (puella) sonat raucum quiddam,

Ov. A. A. 3, 289; cf. the foll.— Poet., in gen., of the swan:

dant sonitum rauci per stagna loquacia cygni,

Verg. A. 11, 458.— Comp.:

raucior,

Mart. Cap. 1, § 28; Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 704.—

Transf., of inanimate things, hoarse, hollow, or deep sounding, harsh, rough, grating, etc. (only in the poets):

cornu,

Prop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 41:

cymbala,

id. 3, 17 (4, 16), 36:

tibia,

id. 3, 10 (4, 9), 23:

ossa (tubae),

id. 4 (5), 3, 20; cf.

aes (i. e. tuba),

Verg. G. 4, 71 et saep.:

murmur (undae),

id. ib. 1, 109; cf. Hadria, Hor. C. 2, 14, 14:

litus,

Stat. Th. 5, 291:

Aquilo,

Mart. 1, 50, 20:

tonitrua,

Stat. Th. 2, 40:

postes,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 49; cf. Ov. Am. 1, 6, 50: aes (i. e. scutum). Verg. A. 2, 545 et saep.:

amnis Rauca sonans,

id. ib. 9, 125; cf.:

tumidus post flamina pontus Rauca gemit,

Luc. 5, 217:

arma raucum gemuere,

Sil. 2, 245; cf. Ov. A. A. 3, 289.—

Trop.:

te vero nolo, nisi ipse rumor jam raucus erit factus, ad Baias venire,

has become faint, died away, Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 5.

rē̆-clāmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a., to cry out against, exclaim against, contradict loudly.

In gen. (class.):

in his, si paulum modo offensum est, theatra tota reclamant,

Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 196:

reclamat Sicilia tota, propter, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 41:

illi reclamarunt,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 2:

tribuni reclamantibus consulibus refecti,

in spite of their protest, Liv. 3, 21; cf. id. 3, 26; 10, 41 fin.; Suet. Vit. 15; id. Aug. 11; Just. 24, 2, 11:

cum ejus promissis legiones reclamassent,

Cic. Phil. 5, 8, 22:

orationi,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 2.— Pass.:

mihi,

Quint. 12, 1, 14:

mihi pro reo,

Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 25:

unā voce omnes judices, ne is juraret, reclamasse,

Cic. Balb. 5, 12:

quaere peregrinum, vicinia rauca reclamat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 62. — With object-clause:

reclamantibus cunctis, satis majestatem ejus imminui, etc.,

crying out loudly, Suet. Aug. 37 fin.; so Just. 24, 2, 10; Phaedr. 4, 16, 25:

(servus) si ex possessione servitutis in libertatem reclamaverit,

obstinately demands his freedom, Dig. 41, 2, 3, § 10 (more usually: proclamare ad libertatem; v. proclamo). — Impers.:

cum erat reclamatum,

Cic. Sest. 59, 126:

ab universo senatu reclamatum est,

id. Dom. 4, 10:

vehementer ab omnibus reclamatur,

Suet. Aug. 76.— Poet., with abstract subject: quod quoniam ratio reclamat vera, etc., * Lucr. 1, 623.—

Esp.

Poet., to reverberate, re-echo, resound: scopulis illisa rĕclamant Aequora, * Verg. G. 3, 261:

arva plangoribus,

Stat. Th. 3, 120:

ager canenti domino,

id. S. 4, 5, 20.—

In Val. Fl., to call one aloud or repeatedly:

rursus Hylan et rursus Hylan per longa reclamat Avia,

Val. Fl. 3, 596:

dominam nomine,

id. 8, 172.

urgeo (less correctly urgueo), ursi ( perf. rare; past part. not found), 2, v. a. [Gr. Werg-, heirgnumi, to shut in; Sanscr. varg-, vargami, prevent; Germ. Merk; Engl. work], to press, push, force, drive, impel, urge.

Lit. (mostly poet.;

syn.: pello, trudo): unda impellitur undā Urgeturque eadem veniens urgetque priorem,

Ov. M. 15, 182:

urgeris turbā circum te stante,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 135:

angustoque vagos pisces urgere catino,

id. ib. 2, 4, 77:

trepidique pedem pede fervidus urget,

Verg. A. 12, 748; cf. Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

aut petis aut urges ruiturum, Sisyphe, saxum,

i. e. roll up, Ov. M. 4, 460:

versaque in obnixos urguentur cornua vasto Cum gemitu,

Verg. G. 3, 222:

tres (naves) Eurus ab alto In brevia et Syrtes urget,

id. A. 1, 111:

miserum tenues in jecur urget acus,

Ov. H. 6, 92:

equites in oppidum, Auct. B. Afr. 6, 3: (Mars) aetherias currus urgebat ad arces,

Stat. Th. 3, 222.—

Transf.

To press upon (as something burdensome or compulsory).

To bear hard or close upon; press hard, beset (class.):

Caesar cum septimam legionem, quae juxta constiterat, urgeri ab hoste vidisset,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26; 2, 25; Sall. J. 56, 6; cf.:

hinc Pallas instat et urget Hinc contra Lausus,

Verg. A. 10, 433:

urgent impavidi te Salaminius Teucer, te Sthenelus,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 23:

hac urget lupus, hac canis angit,

id. S. 2, 2, 64. —

To weigh or bear down, to burden, oppress:

at onus urget,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 35; cf.:

onus aut jam urgentis aut certe adventantis senectutis,

Cic. Sen. 1, 2:

quod latus mundi nebulae malusque Juppiter urget,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 20:

quem scabies aut morbus urget,

id. A. P. 453; cf.:

ergo Quintilium perpetuus sopor Urget,

id. C. 1, 24, 5:

omnes illacrimabiles Urgentur ignotique longa Nocte,

id. ib. 4, 9, 27:

populus militiā atque inopiā urguebatur,

Sall. J. 41, 7:

praesens atque urgens malum,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 25, 61.—

To urge, press, stimulate, drive, solicit (syn. insto):

quod te urget, scelus, Qui huic sis molestus?

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 47:

etiam atque etiam insto atque urgeo,

Cic. Planc. 19, 48:

quamobrem, ut facis, urge, insta, perfice,

id. Att. 13, 32, 1: Lepidus ursit me et suis et Antonii litteris, ut, etc., Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 4:

nihil urget,

is pressing, Cic. Att. 13, 27, 2:

cur patrem non urserit ad exsolutionem,

Dig. 23, 3, 33.—

To press, strain, exert in excess, etc.:

vox autem ultra vires urgenda non est,

Quint. 11, 3, 51; cf.

orationem,

id. 11, 3, 102.—

To press upon (by too great nearness), to crowd, hem in, confine:

ne urbem hanc urbe aliā premere atque urgere possitis,

Cic. Agr. 1, 5, 16:

vallis, quam densis frondibus atrum Urget utrimque latus,

Verg. A. 11, 524; 7, 566:

quāque pharetratae vicinia Persidis urget,

id. G. 4, 290.—

Trop.

To press, ply, urge with argument (a favorite expression of Cic.):

urgerent praeterea philosophorum greges... instaret Academia,

Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

illum neque ursi, neque levavi,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1:

sed urges me meis versibus,

id. Div. 2, 20, 45:

urguebat Arcesilas Zenonem, cum ipse falsa omnia diceret, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 25, 70.—With acc. and inf.:

sed urguetis identidem hominum esse istam culpam non deorum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76:

illud urgeam, non intellegere eum, quid, etc.,

id. Fin. 5, 27, 80.— Absol.:

ut interrogando urgeat,

Cic. Or. 40, 137:

urgent tamen et nihil remittunt,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 77; id. Off. 3, 9, 39; id. Lig. 3, 9 (also ap. Quint. 9, 2, 57).—

To follow up, keep to, stick to, ply hard, push forward, urge on any thing:

eundem locum diutius,

Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 97:

quin tu urges istam occasionem et facultatem,

id. Fam. 7, 8, 2:

jus, aequitatem,

id. Off. 3, 16, 67: idem illud de provinciis, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 3:

propositum,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 6:

et durum terrae rusticus urget opus,

Tib. 1, 9, 8; Ov. M. 4, 390; cf.:

non tacta ligonibus arva,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 26:

vestem,

Verg. A. 9, 489:

iter,

Ov. F. 6, 520:

vestigia ad manes,

Sil. 12, 419:

Romae cum sum et urgeo forum,

am often in the Forum, Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 4; cf. altum, to force or plunge into, Hor. C. 2, 10, 2.— Urgeri, with gen., to be hard pressed, prosecuted for any thing:

male administratae provinciae aliorumque criminum,

Tac. A. 6, 29.— Poet., with inf.:

marisque Baiis obstrepentis urges Summovere litora,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 20.—Hence, urgens, entis, P. a. (acc. to I.B.1.), pressing, cogent, urgent (postclass. and very rare):

urgentior causa,

Tert. Res. Carn. 2 med.:

urgentissima ratio,

Cod. Just. 3, 11, 1.— Adv.: urgenter, pressingly (late Lat.), Cypr. Ep. 30, 1.

urgeo (less correctly urgueo), ursi ( perf. rare; past part. not found), 2, v. a. [Gr. Werg-, heirgnumi, to shut in; Sanscr. varg-, vargami, prevent; Germ. Merk; Engl. work], to press, push, force, drive, impel, urge.

Lit. (mostly poet.;

syn.: pello, trudo): unda impellitur undā Urgeturque eadem veniens urgetque priorem,

Ov. M. 15, 182:

urgeris turbā circum te stante,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 135:

angustoque vagos pisces urgere catino,

id. ib. 2, 4, 77:

trepidique pedem pede fervidus urget,

Verg. A. 12, 748; cf. Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

aut petis aut urges ruiturum, Sisyphe, saxum,

i. e. roll up, Ov. M. 4, 460:

versaque in obnixos urguentur cornua vasto Cum gemitu,

Verg. G. 3, 222:

tres (naves) Eurus ab alto In brevia et Syrtes urget,

id. A. 1, 111:

miserum tenues in jecur urget acus,

Ov. H. 6, 92:

equites in oppidum, Auct. B. Afr. 6, 3: (Mars) aetherias currus urgebat ad arces,

Stat. Th. 3, 222.—

Transf.

To press upon (as something burdensome or compulsory).

To bear hard or close upon; press hard, beset (class.):

Caesar cum septimam legionem, quae juxta constiterat, urgeri ab hoste vidisset,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26; 2, 25; Sall. J. 56, 6; cf.:

hinc Pallas instat et urget Hinc contra Lausus,

Verg. A. 10, 433:

urgent impavidi te Salaminius Teucer, te Sthenelus,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 23:

hac urget lupus, hac canis angit,

id. S. 2, 2, 64. —

To weigh or bear down, to burden, oppress:

at onus urget,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 35; cf.:

onus aut jam urgentis aut certe adventantis senectutis,

Cic. Sen. 1, 2:

quod latus mundi nebulae malusque Juppiter urget,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 20:

quem scabies aut morbus urget,

id. A. P. 453; cf.:

ergo Quintilium perpetuus sopor Urget,

id. C. 1, 24, 5:

omnes illacrimabiles Urgentur ignotique longa Nocte,

id. ib. 4, 9, 27:

populus militiā atque inopiā urguebatur,

Sall. J. 41, 7:

praesens atque urgens malum,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 25, 61.—

To urge, press, stimulate, drive, solicit (syn. insto):

quod te urget, scelus, Qui huic sis molestus?

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 47:

etiam atque etiam insto atque urgeo,

Cic. Planc. 19, 48:

quamobrem, ut facis, urge, insta, perfice,

id. Att. 13, 32, 1: Lepidus ursit me et suis et Antonii litteris, ut, etc., Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 4:

nihil urget,

is pressing, Cic. Att. 13, 27, 2:

cur patrem non urserit ad exsolutionem,

Dig. 23, 3, 33.—

To press, strain, exert in excess, etc.:

vox autem ultra vires urgenda non est,

Quint. 11, 3, 51; cf.

orationem,

id. 11, 3, 102.—

To press upon (by too great nearness), to crowd, hem in, confine:

ne urbem hanc urbe aliā premere atque urgere possitis,

Cic. Agr. 1, 5, 16:

vallis, quam densis frondibus atrum Urget utrimque latus,

Verg. A. 11, 524; 7, 566:

quāque pharetratae vicinia Persidis urget,

id. G. 4, 290.—

Trop.

To press, ply, urge with argument (a favorite expression of Cic.):

urgerent praeterea philosophorum greges... instaret Academia,

Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

illum neque ursi, neque levavi,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1:

sed urges me meis versibus,

id. Div. 2, 20, 45:

urguebat Arcesilas Zenonem, cum ipse falsa omnia diceret, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 25, 70.—With acc. and inf.:

sed urguetis identidem hominum esse istam culpam non deorum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76:

illud urgeam, non intellegere eum, quid, etc.,

id. Fin. 5, 27, 80.— Absol.:

ut interrogando urgeat,

Cic. Or. 40, 137:

urgent tamen et nihil remittunt,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 77; id. Off. 3, 9, 39; id. Lig. 3, 9 (also ap. Quint. 9, 2, 57).—

To follow up, keep to, stick to, ply hard, push forward, urge on any thing:

eundem locum diutius,

Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 97:

quin tu urges istam occasionem et facultatem,

id. Fam. 7, 8, 2:

jus, aequitatem,

id. Off. 3, 16, 67: idem illud de provinciis, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 3:

propositum,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 6:

et durum terrae rusticus urget opus,

Tib. 1, 9, 8; Ov. M. 4, 390; cf.:

non tacta ligonibus arva,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 26:

vestem,

Verg. A. 9, 489:

iter,

Ov. F. 6, 520:

vestigia ad manes,

Sil. 12, 419:

Romae cum sum et urgeo forum,

am often in the Forum, Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 4; cf. altum, to force or plunge into, Hor. C. 2, 10, 2.— Urgeri, with gen., to be hard pressed, prosecuted for any thing:

male administratae provinciae aliorumque criminum,

Tac. A. 6, 29.— Poet., with inf.:

marisque Baiis obstrepentis urges Summovere litora,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 20.—Hence, urgens, entis, P. a. (acc. to I.B.1.), pressing, cogent, urgent (postclass. and very rare):

urgentior causa,

Tert. Res. Carn. 2 med.:

urgentissima ratio,

Cod. Just. 3, 11, 1.— Adv.: urgenter, pressingly (late Lat.), Cypr. Ep. 30, 1.

urgeo (less correctly urgueo), ursi ( perf. rare; past part. not found), 2, v. a. [Gr. Werg-, heirgnumi, to shut in; Sanscr. varg-, vargami, prevent; Germ. Merk; Engl. work], to press, push, force, drive, impel, urge.

Lit. (mostly poet.;

syn.: pello, trudo): unda impellitur undā Urgeturque eadem veniens urgetque priorem,

Ov. M. 15, 182:

urgeris turbā circum te stante,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 135:

angustoque vagos pisces urgere catino,

id. ib. 2, 4, 77:

trepidique pedem pede fervidus urget,

Verg. A. 12, 748; cf. Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

aut petis aut urges ruiturum, Sisyphe, saxum,

i. e. roll up, Ov. M. 4, 460:

versaque in obnixos urguentur cornua vasto Cum gemitu,

Verg. G. 3, 222:

tres (naves) Eurus ab alto In brevia et Syrtes urget,

id. A. 1, 111:

miserum tenues in jecur urget acus,

Ov. H. 6, 92:

equites in oppidum, Auct. B. Afr. 6, 3: (Mars) aetherias currus urgebat ad arces,

Stat. Th. 3, 222.—

Transf.

To press upon (as something burdensome or compulsory).

To bear hard or close upon; press hard, beset (class.):

Caesar cum septimam legionem, quae juxta constiterat, urgeri ab hoste vidisset,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26; 2, 25; Sall. J. 56, 6; cf.:

hinc Pallas instat et urget Hinc contra Lausus,

Verg. A. 10, 433:

urgent impavidi te Salaminius Teucer, te Sthenelus,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 23:

hac urget lupus, hac canis angit,

id. S. 2, 2, 64. —

To weigh or bear down, to burden, oppress:

at onus urget,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 35; cf.:

onus aut jam urgentis aut certe adventantis senectutis,

Cic. Sen. 1, 2:

quod latus mundi nebulae malusque Juppiter urget,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 20:

quem scabies aut morbus urget,

id. A. P. 453; cf.:

ergo Quintilium perpetuus sopor Urget,

id. C. 1, 24, 5:

omnes illacrimabiles Urgentur ignotique longa Nocte,

id. ib. 4, 9, 27:

populus militiā atque inopiā urguebatur,

Sall. J. 41, 7:

praesens atque urgens malum,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 25, 61.—

To urge, press, stimulate, drive, solicit (syn. insto):

quod te urget, scelus, Qui huic sis molestus?

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 47:

etiam atque etiam insto atque urgeo,

Cic. Planc. 19, 48:

quamobrem, ut facis, urge, insta, perfice,

id. Att. 13, 32, 1: Lepidus ursit me et suis et Antonii litteris, ut, etc., Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 4:

nihil urget,

is pressing, Cic. Att. 13, 27, 2:

cur patrem non urserit ad exsolutionem,

Dig. 23, 3, 33.—

To press, strain, exert in excess, etc.:

vox autem ultra vires urgenda non est,

Quint. 11, 3, 51; cf.

orationem,

id. 11, 3, 102.—

To press upon (by too great nearness), to crowd, hem in, confine:

ne urbem hanc urbe aliā premere atque urgere possitis,

Cic. Agr. 1, 5, 16:

vallis, quam densis frondibus atrum Urget utrimque latus,

Verg. A. 11, 524; 7, 566:

quāque pharetratae vicinia Persidis urget,

id. G. 4, 290.—

Trop.

To press, ply, urge with argument (a favorite expression of Cic.):

urgerent praeterea philosophorum greges... instaret Academia,

Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

illum neque ursi, neque levavi,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1:

sed urges me meis versibus,

id. Div. 2, 20, 45:

urguebat Arcesilas Zenonem, cum ipse falsa omnia diceret, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 25, 70.—With acc. and inf.:

sed urguetis identidem hominum esse istam culpam non deorum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76:

illud urgeam, non intellegere eum, quid, etc.,

id. Fin. 5, 27, 80.— Absol.:

ut interrogando urgeat,

Cic. Or. 40, 137:

urgent tamen et nihil remittunt,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 77; id. Off. 3, 9, 39; id. Lig. 3, 9 (also ap. Quint. 9, 2, 57).—

To follow up, keep to, stick to, ply hard, push forward, urge on any thing:

eundem locum diutius,

Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 97:

quin tu urges istam occasionem et facultatem,

id. Fam. 7, 8, 2:

jus, aequitatem,

id. Off. 3, 16, 67: idem illud de provinciis, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 3:

propositum,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 6:

et durum terrae rusticus urget opus,

Tib. 1, 9, 8; Ov. M. 4, 390; cf.:

non tacta ligonibus arva,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 26:

vestem,

Verg. A. 9, 489:

iter,

Ov. F. 6, 520:

vestigia ad manes,

Sil. 12, 419:

Romae cum sum et urgeo forum,

am often in the Forum, Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 4; cf. altum, to force or plunge into, Hor. C. 2, 10, 2.— Urgeri, with gen., to be hard pressed, prosecuted for any thing:

male administratae provinciae aliorumque criminum,

Tac. A. 6, 29.— Poet., with inf.:

marisque Baiis obstrepentis urges Summovere litora,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 20.—Hence, urgens, entis, P. a. (acc. to I.B.1.), pressing, cogent, urgent (postclass. and very rare):

urgentior causa,

Tert. Res. Carn. 2 med.:

urgentissima ratio,

Cod. Just. 3, 11, 1.— Adv.: urgenter, pressingly (late Lat.), Cypr. Ep. 30, 1.