trux

trux, ŭcis (abl. usually truci, but truce in Cic. Agr. 2, 25; Ov. Tr. 4, 7, 14), adj. [perh. trux, new, unfermented wine; hence, trop.], wild, rough, hard, harsh, savage, fierce, ferocious, grim, stern (mostly poet.; cf.; truculentus, torvus).

Of living beings:

horridus ac trux tribunus plebis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 65:

M. Catonem oratorem non solum gravem sed interdum etiam trucem esse scimus,

Liv. 34, 5, 6:

insectator,

id. 3, 33, 7:

puer,

i. e. Achilles, Sen. Troad. 832:

puellae,

i. e. Amazons, id. Oedip. 479:

tyrannus,

id. Herc. Fur. 937:

arietes,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 29:

ferae,

Tib. 1, 9, 76:

aper,

Ov. M. 10, 715:

taurus,

id. ib. 7, 111; 8, 297;

9, 81: Theron,

id. ib. 3, 211:

blattae,

ravaging, Mart. 14, 37, 2 et saep.—

With inf.:

trux audere,

bold, daring, Sil. 13, 220. —

Of things concrete and abstract: (testudo) aspectu truci, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 64, 133 (Trag. Rel. v. 3 Rib.):

oculi (draconis), Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 107: vultus,

Hor. Epod. 5, 4:

quemque vocant aliae vultum rigidumque trucemque,

Ov. H. 4, 73:

voltu truci,

Liv. 45, 10, 8:

faciesque truces oculique minaces,

Luc. 7, 291:

pelagus,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 10:

venti,

Plin. 2, 36, 36, § 100:

Eurus, Ov M. 15, 603: classicum,

Hor. Epod. 2, 5:

truci cantu,

Liv. 5, 37, 8:

sonor,

Tac. A. 1, 65:

vox,

Sil. 1, 67:

herbae tactu,

Plin. 22, 6, 7, § 17:

per lucos vetustā religione truces,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 229:

animus,

Ov. A. A. 2, 477:

sententia,

Liv. 29, 19, 4:

genus dicendi trux atque violentum,

Quint. 11, 1, 3:

inimicitiae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 49:

eloquentia,

Tac. A. 6, 48:

oratio,

id. H 4, 42.— Comp. and sup. given without examples in Rhemn. Palaem. p. 1369 P.— Hence, trŭcĭter, adv., fiercely (late Lat.), Aldh. Laud. Virg. 35.

* * *

trux, ŭcis (abl. usually truci, but truce in Cic. Agr. 2, 25; Ov. Tr. 4, 7, 14), adj. [perh. trux, new, unfermented wine; hence, trop.], wild, rough, hard, harsh, savage, fierce, ferocious, grim, stern (mostly poet.; cf.; truculentus, torvus).

Of living beings:

horridus ac trux tribunus plebis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 65:

M. Catonem oratorem non solum gravem sed interdum etiam trucem esse scimus,

Liv. 34, 5, 6:

insectator,

id. 3, 33, 7:

puer,

i. e. Achilles, Sen. Troad. 832:

puellae,

i. e. Amazons, id. Oedip. 479:

tyrannus,

id. Herc. Fur. 937:

arietes,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 29:

ferae,

Tib. 1, 9, 76:

aper,

Ov. M. 10, 715:

taurus,

id. ib. 7, 111; 8, 297;

9, 81: Theron,

id. ib. 3, 211:

blattae,

ravaging, Mart. 14, 37, 2 et saep.—

With inf.:

trux audere,

bold, daring, Sil. 13, 220. —

Of things concrete and abstract: (testudo) aspectu truci, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 64, 133 (Trag. Rel. v. 3 Rib.):

oculi (draconis), Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 107: vultus,

Hor. Epod. 5, 4:

quemque vocant aliae vultum rigidumque trucemque,

Ov. H. 4, 73:

voltu truci,

Liv. 45, 10, 8:

faciesque truces oculique minaces,

Luc. 7, 291:

pelagus,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 10:

venti,

Plin. 2, 36, 36, § 100:

Eurus, Ov M. 15, 603: classicum,

Hor. Epod. 2, 5:

truci cantu,

Liv. 5, 37, 8:

sonor,

Tac. A. 1, 65:

vox,

Sil. 1, 67:

herbae tactu,

Plin. 22, 6, 7, § 17:

per lucos vetustā religione truces,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 229:

animus,

Ov. A. A. 2, 477:

sententia,

Liv. 29, 19, 4:

genus dicendi trux atque violentum,

Quint. 11, 1, 3:

inimicitiae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 49:

eloquentia,

Tac. A. 6, 48:

oratio,

id. H 4, 42.— Comp. and sup. given without examples in Rhemn. Palaem. p. 1369 P.— Hence, trŭcĭter, adv., fiercely (late Lat.), Aldh. Laud. Virg. 35.

trŭcŭlentus, a, um, adj. [trux], savage, fierce, ferocious, stern, grim, harsh, cruel, fell (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; syn.: saevus, crudelis, trux).

Lit.:

agrestis, saevus, tristis, parcus, truculentus, tenax,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 12; cf.:

quam taeter incedebat! quam truculentus! quam terribilis aspectu,

Cic. Sest. 8, 19:

truculentus atque saevus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 3; id. Truc. 2, 2, 10 sq.; 3, 2, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 73; Ov. M. 13, 558:

tigris etiam feris ceteris truculenta,

Plin. 8, 4, 5, § 10.— Hence, subst.: Trŭcŭlentus, i, m., a play by Plautus, Cic. Sen. 14, 50; Varr. L. L. 7, 3.— Comp.:

nulla Getis gens est truculentior,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 31:

quo truculentior visu foret,

Tac. H. 4, 22:

feta truculentior ursa,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Armeniam invasit truculentior quam antea,

Tac. A. 12, 50.—

Of things:

truculentis oculis,

Plaut. As. 2, [p. 1905] 3, 21:

aequor,

wild, stormy, Cat. 64, 179:

vocibus truculentis strepere,

wild, tumultuous, mutinous, Tac. A. 1, 25.— Subst.: trŭcŭlenta, ōrum, fierce conduct or language:

truculenta pelagi tulistis,

Cat. 63, 16; cf.

caeli,

Tac. A. 2, 24:

truculenta loquens,

Ov. M. 13, 558.— Sup.:

truculentissimum ac nefarium facinus,

Auct. Her. 4, 8, 12.— Adv.: trŭcŭlentē or trŭcŭ-lenter, savagely, fiercely, ferociously:

nolite truculenter insequi inania verba populorum,

Cassiod. Var. 1, 13; Ven. Fort. Vit. S. Mart. 4, 541.— Comp.:

quod truculentius se gereret quam ceteri,

Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13:

instans,

Val. Max. 3, 8, 5.— Sup.:

quam potuit truculentissime eum aspexit,

Quint. 6, 1, 43.

trŭcŭlentus, a, um, adj. [trux], savage, fierce, ferocious, stern, grim, harsh, cruel, fell (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; syn.: saevus, crudelis, trux).

Lit.:

agrestis, saevus, tristis, parcus, truculentus, tenax,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 12; cf.:

quam taeter incedebat! quam truculentus! quam terribilis aspectu,

Cic. Sest. 8, 19:

truculentus atque saevus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 3; id. Truc. 2, 2, 10 sq.; 3, 2, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 73; Ov. M. 13, 558:

tigris etiam feris ceteris truculenta,

Plin. 8, 4, 5, § 10.— Hence, subst.: Trŭcŭlentus, i, m., a play by Plautus, Cic. Sen. 14, 50; Varr. L. L. 7, 3.— Comp.:

nulla Getis gens est truculentior,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 31:

quo truculentior visu foret,

Tac. H. 4, 22:

feta truculentior ursa,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Armeniam invasit truculentior quam antea,

Tac. A. 12, 50.—

Of things:

truculentis oculis,

Plaut. As. 2, [p. 1905] 3, 21:

aequor,

wild, stormy, Cat. 64, 179:

vocibus truculentis strepere,

wild, tumultuous, mutinous, Tac. A. 1, 25.— Subst.: trŭcŭlenta, ōrum, fierce conduct or language:

truculenta pelagi tulistis,

Cat. 63, 16; cf.

caeli,

Tac. A. 2, 24:

truculenta loquens,

Ov. M. 13, 558.— Sup.:

truculentissimum ac nefarium facinus,

Auct. Her. 4, 8, 12.— Adv.: trŭcŭlentē or trŭcŭ-lenter, savagely, fiercely, ferociously:

nolite truculenter insequi inania verba populorum,

Cassiod. Var. 1, 13; Ven. Fort. Vit. S. Mart. 4, 541.— Comp.:

quod truculentius se gereret quam ceteri,

Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13:

instans,

Val. Max. 3, 8, 5.— Sup.:

quam potuit truculentissime eum aspexit,

Quint. 6, 1, 43.

trŭcŭlentus, a, um, adj. [trux], savage, fierce, ferocious, stern, grim, harsh, cruel, fell (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; syn.: saevus, crudelis, trux).

Lit.:

agrestis, saevus, tristis, parcus, truculentus, tenax,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 12; cf.:

quam taeter incedebat! quam truculentus! quam terribilis aspectu,

Cic. Sest. 8, 19:

truculentus atque saevus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 3; id. Truc. 2, 2, 10 sq.; 3, 2, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 73; Ov. M. 13, 558:

tigris etiam feris ceteris truculenta,

Plin. 8, 4, 5, § 10.— Hence, subst.: Trŭcŭlentus, i, m., a play by Plautus, Cic. Sen. 14, 50; Varr. L. L. 7, 3.— Comp.:

nulla Getis gens est truculentior,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 31:

quo truculentior visu foret,

Tac. H. 4, 22:

feta truculentior ursa,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Armeniam invasit truculentior quam antea,

Tac. A. 12, 50.—

Of things:

truculentis oculis,

Plaut. As. 2, [p. 1905] 3, 21:

aequor,

wild, stormy, Cat. 64, 179:

vocibus truculentis strepere,

wild, tumultuous, mutinous, Tac. A. 1, 25.— Subst.: trŭcŭlenta, ōrum, fierce conduct or language:

truculenta pelagi tulistis,

Cat. 63, 16; cf.

caeli,

Tac. A. 2, 24:

truculenta loquens,

Ov. M. 13, 558.— Sup.:

truculentissimum ac nefarium facinus,

Auct. Her. 4, 8, 12.— Adv.: trŭcŭlentē or trŭcŭ-lenter, savagely, fiercely, ferociously:

nolite truculenter insequi inania verba populorum,

Cassiod. Var. 1, 13; Ven. Fort. Vit. S. Mart. 4, 541.— Comp.:

quod truculentius se gereret quam ceteri,

Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13:

instans,

Val. Max. 3, 8, 5.— Sup.:

quam potuit truculentissime eum aspexit,

Quint. 6, 1, 43.

trŭcŭlentus, a, um, adj. [trux], savage, fierce, ferocious, stern, grim, harsh, cruel, fell (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; syn.: saevus, crudelis, trux).

Lit.:

agrestis, saevus, tristis, parcus, truculentus, tenax,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 12; cf.:

quam taeter incedebat! quam truculentus! quam terribilis aspectu,

Cic. Sest. 8, 19:

truculentus atque saevus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 3; id. Truc. 2, 2, 10 sq.; 3, 2, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 73; Ov. M. 13, 558:

tigris etiam feris ceteris truculenta,

Plin. 8, 4, 5, § 10.— Hence, subst.: Trŭcŭlentus, i, m., a play by Plautus, Cic. Sen. 14, 50; Varr. L. L. 7, 3.— Comp.:

nulla Getis gens est truculentior,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 31:

quo truculentior visu foret,

Tac. H. 4, 22:

feta truculentior ursa,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Armeniam invasit truculentior quam antea,

Tac. A. 12, 50.—

Of things:

truculentis oculis,

Plaut. As. 2, [p. 1905] 3, 21:

aequor,

wild, stormy, Cat. 64, 179:

vocibus truculentis strepere,

wild, tumultuous, mutinous, Tac. A. 1, 25.— Subst.: trŭcŭlenta, ōrum, fierce conduct or language:

truculenta pelagi tulistis,

Cat. 63, 16; cf.

caeli,

Tac. A. 2, 24:

truculenta loquens,

Ov. M. 13, 558.— Sup.:

truculentissimum ac nefarium facinus,

Auct. Her. 4, 8, 12.— Adv.: trŭcŭlentē or trŭcŭ-lenter, savagely, fiercely, ferociously:

nolite truculenter insequi inania verba populorum,

Cassiod. Var. 1, 13; Ven. Fort. Vit. S. Mart. 4, 541.— Comp.:

quod truculentius se gereret quam ceteri,

Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13:

instans,

Val. Max. 3, 8, 5.— Sup.:

quam potuit truculentissime eum aspexit,

Quint. 6, 1, 43.

* * *

* * *

* * *

ărĭēs, ĭētis, m. (for the kindr. forms arvix and harvix, in Varr. and Fest.; v. arvix; poet. aries sometimes dissyl., like abies; hence, a long, Carey, Lat. Pros. § 47: āriĕtis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 45: āriĕtes, trisyl., Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44; so,

āriĕtĕ,

Verg. A. 2, 492) [some derive this from arên, arrên, qs. the male sheep; others compare ho eriphos, a he-goat, buck, and ho elaphos, a stag; and arna, q. v.], a ram.

Lit., Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 24; 2, 2, 13; Col. 7, 2, 4; 7, 2, 5; 7, 3, 6; Vulg. Gen. 15, 9; ib. Lev. 4, 35 et persaepe.—Of the golden fleece: petebant (Argonautae) illam pellem inauratam arietis Colchis, Enn. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 22; Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 7; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6 al.—

Transf.

The Ram, a sign of the zodiac, Cic. Arat. 230; 244; Hyg. Fab. 133; id. Astr. 2, 20; Manil. 2, 246; Ov. M. 10, 165; Vitr. 9, 5; Plin. 18, 25, 59, § 221 al. —

An engine for battering down walls, a battering-ram: v. Vitr. 10, 19; Veg. 4, 14, and Smith, Dict. Antiq.:

quamvis murum aries percusserit,

Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35:

ab ariete materia defendit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23:

arietibus aliquantum muri discussit,

Liv. 21, 12; so id. 31, 32; 31, 46; 32, 23; 38, 5; Vulg. Ezech. 26, 9; ib. 2 Macc. 12, 15 al.—

A beam for support, a prop or buttress: quae (sublicae) pro ariete subjectae vim fluminis exciperent, as a shore or prop, * Caes. B. G. 4, 17 (dikên kriou, Paraphr.);

corresp. to capreolus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10 q. v.— Trop.:

ex quo aries ille subicitur in vestris actionibus,

Cic. Top. 17, 64.—

An unknown sea-monster, very dangerous to ships, Plin. 9, 44, 67, § 145; 32, 11, 53 (where two kinds of them are mentioned); cf. id. 9, 5, 4: trux aries, Claud. Nupt. Hon. et Mar. 163; cf. Aelian. H. A. 15, 2, and Oppian. Hal. 1, 372.

dīrus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root dī, to flee; Gr. deos, deidô, deinos], fearful, awful (for syn. cf.: saevus, atrox, ferox, crudelis, trux, furens, furiosus, immitis).

Orig. belonging to the lang. of augurs; of fate, ill-omened, ominous, boding, portentous:

QVAE AVGVR INIVSTA, NEFASTA VITIOSA DIRA DEFIXERIT, IRRITA INFECTAQVE SVNTO,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8 fin.; cf. id. Div. 1, 16:

tristissima exta sine capite fuerunt, quibus nihil videtur esse dirius,

id. ib. 2, 15 fin.; cf.:

bubo, dirum mortalibus omen,

Ov. M. 5, 550:

omen,

Tac. H. 3, 56; Suet. Aug. 92; id. Tib. 1, 3, 17:

aves,

Tac. A. 12, 43; Suet. Claud. 22:

alites,

Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 4:

somnia,

Val. Fl. 3, 59:

tempus, Cic. Poët. Div. 1, 11, 18: exsecrationes,

Liv. 40, 56; 28, 22; Suet. Claud. 12; cf.

deprecationes,

Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 19:

detestatio,

Hor. Epod. 5, 89:

ritus sacrorum,

Tac. A. 16, 8:

religio loci,

Verg. A. 8, 350 et saep.—Hence, as subst.:

dīrae, ārum, f.

(sc. res), ill-boding things, portents, unlucky signs:

dirarum obnuntiatio,

id. ib.; Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17; 28, 2, 5, § 26; Tac. A. 6, 24 al.; Hor. Epod. 5, 89; Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 117.—

As a nom. propr., Dīrae, the Furies, Verg. A. 12, 845 sq.; 4, 473; Val. Fl. 1, 804; Aur. Vict. Epit. 21 al.;

called also Dirae deae, sorores,

Verg. A. 7, 324 and 454.—

dīra, ōrum, n., fearful things, ill-boding events:

in dira et in vitiosa incurrimus,

Cic. Div. 1, 16, 29; id. Leg. 2, 8, 21; cf.:

me mihi dira precari cogis,

to curse, invoke curses on, Tib. 2, 6, 17:

dira passus,

Vulg. Sirach, 38, 16.

Transf., of character, dreadful, horrible, terrible, abominable, detestable (so almost exclusively poet.; a very favorite expression with the Aug. poets; in the Ciceron. per. not at all; but cf. diritas, II.): senex dirissimus, Varr. Poët. ap. Non. 100, 30:

Dea,

i. e. Circe, Ov. M. 14, 278:

Ulixes,

Verg. A. 2, 261; 762:

Hannibal,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 2 al.:

durum,

id. ib. 3, 6, 36 (also ap. Quint. 8, 2, 9):

Afer,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 42:

Amulius,

Ov. F. 4, 53:

noverca,

id. H. 12, 188:

pellex,

id. ib. 5, 60 et saep.:

hydra,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 10:

serpens,

Ov. M. 2, 651:

victima,

id. A. A. 1, 334:

parens,

fell, cruel, id. ib. 2, 383:

soror,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 84:

parentes,

Manil. 5, 541.—

Of inanimate and abstr. subjects:

regio,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 5:

facies,

id. F. 1, 553:

dapes,

id. ib. 6, 663:

venena,

Hor. Epod. 5, 61; id. S. 1, 9, 31:

Asphaltites lacus,

Plin. 5, 15, 15, § 71:

scopulus,

id. 4, 11, 18, § 51:

duarum Syrtium vadoso mari diri sinus,

id. 5, 4, 4, § 26 et saep.:

bellum,

Verg. A. 11, 217:

nefas,

id. ib. 4, 563:

sollicitudines,

Hor. Epod. 13, 10:

amores,

Ov. M. 10, 426:

superbia,

id. ib. 3, 354:

quies,

Tac. A. 1, 65 et saep.— Poet., answering to the Gr. deinos, with inf.:

dira portas quassare trabs,

Sil. 4, 284.—

Skilful:

in complicandis negotiis,

Amm. 14, 5, 8.

dīrus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root dī, to flee; Gr. deos, deidô, deinos], fearful, awful (for syn. cf.: saevus, atrox, ferox, crudelis, trux, furens, furiosus, immitis).

Orig. belonging to the lang. of augurs; of fate, ill-omened, ominous, boding, portentous:

QVAE AVGVR INIVSTA, NEFASTA VITIOSA DIRA DEFIXERIT, IRRITA INFECTAQVE SVNTO,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8 fin.; cf. id. Div. 1, 16:

tristissima exta sine capite fuerunt, quibus nihil videtur esse dirius,

id. ib. 2, 15 fin.; cf.:

bubo, dirum mortalibus omen,

Ov. M. 5, 550:

omen,

Tac. H. 3, 56; Suet. Aug. 92; id. Tib. 1, 3, 17:

aves,

Tac. A. 12, 43; Suet. Claud. 22:

alites,

Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 4:

somnia,

Val. Fl. 3, 59:

tempus, Cic. Poët. Div. 1, 11, 18: exsecrationes,

Liv. 40, 56; 28, 22; Suet. Claud. 12; cf.

deprecationes,

Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 19:

detestatio,

Hor. Epod. 5, 89:

ritus sacrorum,

Tac. A. 16, 8:

religio loci,

Verg. A. 8, 350 et saep.—Hence, as subst.:

dīrae, ārum, f.

(sc. res), ill-boding things, portents, unlucky signs:

dirarum obnuntiatio,

id. ib.; Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17; 28, 2, 5, § 26; Tac. A. 6, 24 al.; Hor. Epod. 5, 89; Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 117.—

As a nom. propr., Dīrae, the Furies, Verg. A. 12, 845 sq.; 4, 473; Val. Fl. 1, 804; Aur. Vict. Epit. 21 al.;

called also Dirae deae, sorores,

Verg. A. 7, 324 and 454.—

dīra, ōrum, n., fearful things, ill-boding events:

in dira et in vitiosa incurrimus,

Cic. Div. 1, 16, 29; id. Leg. 2, 8, 21; cf.:

me mihi dira precari cogis,

to curse, invoke curses on, Tib. 2, 6, 17:

dira passus,

Vulg. Sirach, 38, 16.

Transf., of character, dreadful, horrible, terrible, abominable, detestable (so almost exclusively poet.; a very favorite expression with the Aug. poets; in the Ciceron. per. not at all; but cf. diritas, II.): senex dirissimus, Varr. Poët. ap. Non. 100, 30:

Dea,

i. e. Circe, Ov. M. 14, 278:

Ulixes,

Verg. A. 2, 261; 762:

Hannibal,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 2 al.:

durum,

id. ib. 3, 6, 36 (also ap. Quint. 8, 2, 9):

Afer,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 42:

Amulius,

Ov. F. 4, 53:

noverca,

id. H. 12, 188:

pellex,

id. ib. 5, 60 et saep.:

hydra,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 10:

serpens,

Ov. M. 2, 651:

victima,

id. A. A. 1, 334:

parens,

fell, cruel, id. ib. 2, 383:

soror,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 84:

parentes,

Manil. 5, 541.—

Of inanimate and abstr. subjects:

regio,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 5:

facies,

id. F. 1, 553:

dapes,

id. ib. 6, 663:

venena,

Hor. Epod. 5, 61; id. S. 1, 9, 31:

Asphaltites lacus,

Plin. 5, 15, 15, § 71:

scopulus,

id. 4, 11, 18, § 51:

duarum Syrtium vadoso mari diri sinus,

id. 5, 4, 4, § 26 et saep.:

bellum,

Verg. A. 11, 217:

nefas,

id. ib. 4, 563:

sollicitudines,

Hor. Epod. 13, 10:

amores,

Ov. M. 10, 426:

superbia,

id. ib. 3, 354:

quies,

Tac. A. 1, 65 et saep.— Poet., answering to the Gr. deinos, with inf.:

dira portas quassare trabs,

Sil. 4, 284.—

Skilful:

in complicandis negotiis,

Amm. 14, 5, 8.

dīrus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root dī, to flee; Gr. deos, deidô, deinos], fearful, awful (for syn. cf.: saevus, atrox, ferox, crudelis, trux, furens, furiosus, immitis).

Orig. belonging to the lang. of augurs; of fate, ill-omened, ominous, boding, portentous:

QVAE AVGVR INIVSTA, NEFASTA VITIOSA DIRA DEFIXERIT, IRRITA INFECTAQVE SVNTO,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8 fin.; cf. id. Div. 1, 16:

tristissima exta sine capite fuerunt, quibus nihil videtur esse dirius,

id. ib. 2, 15 fin.; cf.:

bubo, dirum mortalibus omen,

Ov. M. 5, 550:

omen,

Tac. H. 3, 56; Suet. Aug. 92; id. Tib. 1, 3, 17:

aves,

Tac. A. 12, 43; Suet. Claud. 22:

alites,

Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 4:

somnia,

Val. Fl. 3, 59:

tempus, Cic. Poët. Div. 1, 11, 18: exsecrationes,

Liv. 40, 56; 28, 22; Suet. Claud. 12; cf.

deprecationes,

Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 19:

detestatio,

Hor. Epod. 5, 89:

ritus sacrorum,

Tac. A. 16, 8:

religio loci,

Verg. A. 8, 350 et saep.—Hence, as subst.:

dīrae, ārum, f.

(sc. res), ill-boding things, portents, unlucky signs:

dirarum obnuntiatio,

id. ib.; Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17; 28, 2, 5, § 26; Tac. A. 6, 24 al.; Hor. Epod. 5, 89; Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 117.—

As a nom. propr., Dīrae, the Furies, Verg. A. 12, 845 sq.; 4, 473; Val. Fl. 1, 804; Aur. Vict. Epit. 21 al.;

called also Dirae deae, sorores,

Verg. A. 7, 324 and 454.—

dīra, ōrum, n., fearful things, ill-boding events:

in dira et in vitiosa incurrimus,

Cic. Div. 1, 16, 29; id. Leg. 2, 8, 21; cf.:

me mihi dira precari cogis,

to curse, invoke curses on, Tib. 2, 6, 17:

dira passus,

Vulg. Sirach, 38, 16.

Transf., of character, dreadful, horrible, terrible, abominable, detestable (so almost exclusively poet.; a very favorite expression with the Aug. poets; in the Ciceron. per. not at all; but cf. diritas, II.): senex dirissimus, Varr. Poët. ap. Non. 100, 30:

Dea,

i. e. Circe, Ov. M. 14, 278:

Ulixes,

Verg. A. 2, 261; 762:

Hannibal,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 2 al.:

durum,

id. ib. 3, 6, 36 (also ap. Quint. 8, 2, 9):

Afer,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 42:

Amulius,

Ov. F. 4, 53:

noverca,

id. H. 12, 188:

pellex,

id. ib. 5, 60 et saep.:

hydra,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 10:

serpens,

Ov. M. 2, 651:

victima,

id. A. A. 1, 334:

parens,

fell, cruel, id. ib. 2, 383:

soror,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 84:

parentes,

Manil. 5, 541.—

Of inanimate and abstr. subjects:

regio,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 5:

facies,

id. F. 1, 553:

dapes,

id. ib. 6, 663:

venena,

Hor. Epod. 5, 61; id. S. 1, 9, 31:

Asphaltites lacus,

Plin. 5, 15, 15, § 71:

scopulus,

id. 4, 11, 18, § 51:

duarum Syrtium vadoso mari diri sinus,

id. 5, 4, 4, § 26 et saep.:

bellum,

Verg. A. 11, 217:

nefas,

id. ib. 4, 563:

sollicitudines,

Hor. Epod. 13, 10:

amores,

Ov. M. 10, 426:

superbia,

id. ib. 3, 354:

quies,

Tac. A. 1, 65 et saep.— Poet., answering to the Gr. deinos, with inf.:

dira portas quassare trabs,

Sil. 4, 284.—

Skilful:

in complicandis negotiis,

Amm. 14, 5, 8.

ărĭēs, ĭētis, m. (for the kindr. forms arvix and harvix, in Varr. and Fest.; v. arvix; poet. aries sometimes dissyl., like abies; hence, a long, Carey, Lat. Pros. § 47: āriĕtis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 45: āriĕtes, trisyl., Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44; so,

āriĕtĕ,

Verg. A. 2, 492) [some derive this from arên, arrên, qs. the male sheep; others compare ho eriphos, a he-goat, buck, and ho elaphos, a stag; and arna, q. v.], a ram.

Lit., Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 24; 2, 2, 13; Col. 7, 2, 4; 7, 2, 5; 7, 3, 6; Vulg. Gen. 15, 9; ib. Lev. 4, 35 et persaepe.—Of the golden fleece: petebant (Argonautae) illam pellem inauratam arietis Colchis, Enn. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 22; Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 7; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6 al.—

Transf.

The Ram, a sign of the zodiac, Cic. Arat. 230; 244; Hyg. Fab. 133; id. Astr. 2, 20; Manil. 2, 246; Ov. M. 10, 165; Vitr. 9, 5; Plin. 18, 25, 59, § 221 al. —

An engine for battering down walls, a battering-ram: v. Vitr. 10, 19; Veg. 4, 14, and Smith, Dict. Antiq.:

quamvis murum aries percusserit,

Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35:

ab ariete materia defendit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23:

arietibus aliquantum muri discussit,

Liv. 21, 12; so id. 31, 32; 31, 46; 32, 23; 38, 5; Vulg. Ezech. 26, 9; ib. 2 Macc. 12, 15 al.—

A beam for support, a prop or buttress: quae (sublicae) pro ariete subjectae vim fluminis exciperent, as a shore or prop, * Caes. B. G. 4, 17 (dikên kriou, Paraphr.);

corresp. to capreolus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10 q. v.— Trop.:

ex quo aries ille subicitur in vestris actionibus,

Cic. Top. 17, 64.—

An unknown sea-monster, very dangerous to ships, Plin. 9, 44, 67, § 145; 32, 11, 53 (where two kinds of them are mentioned); cf. id. 9, 5, 4: trux aries, Claud. Nupt. Hon. et Mar. 163; cf. Aelian. H. A. 15, 2, and Oppian. Hal. 1, 372.

immītis ( inm-), e, adj. [in-mitis], not soft or mellow, harsh, rough, sour (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. or Cæs.).

Lit., of fruit:

uva,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 10:

fructus (opp. dulcis),

Plin. 13, 4, 6, § 26. —More freq.,

Transf., in gen., rough, rude, harsh, hard, severe, stern, fierce, savage, inexorable (syn.:

barbarus, trux, torvus, immanis, ferox, crudelis, saevus): naturā et moribus immitis ferusque,

Liv. 23, 5, 12; cf.

asper et immitis,

Suet. Tib. 59:

arrogans, profusus, immitis,

id. Ner. 4:

tyrannus (i. e. Pluto),

Verg. G. 4, 492:

Parcae,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 13:

Glycera,

Hor. C. 1, 33, 2:

immitibus et desertis locis,

Plin. 17, 16, 26, § 120:

insulam Gyarum immitem et sine cultu hominum esse,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

immite et turbidum caelum,

Plin. Ep. 8, 17, 1:

venti,

Tib. 1, 1, 45:

oculi,

Ov. M. 6, 621:

nidi (i. e. hirundinum apibus infestarum),

Verg. G. 4, 17:

ara (on which human beings are offered),

Ov. P. 3, 2, 71:

claustra,

id. Am. 1, 6, 17:

vulnera,

id. de Nuce 69:

fata,

id. M. 13, 260:

mandata,

Tac. A. 15, 27:

rescriptum,

id. ib. 6, 9:

mors,

Tib. 1, 3, 55:

caedes pariter fugientium ac resistentium,

Liv. 4, 59, 6.—As subst.: immītĭa, ium, n., barbarous acts:

ausae immitia nuptae (i. e. abortus),

Ov. F. 1, 625.— Comp.:

vetus operis ac laboris, et eo immitior, quia toleraverat,

Tac. A. 1, 20; Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 1:

calcato immitior hydro,

Ov. M. 13, 804.— Sup.:

serpentes immitissimum animalium genus,

Plin. 10, 74, 96, § 207.— Adv.: im-mīte, rudely, harshly:

stridorque immite rudentum Sibilat,

Sil. 17, 257.

immītis ( inm-), e, adj. [in-mitis], not soft or mellow, harsh, rough, sour (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. or Cæs.).

Lit., of fruit:

uva,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 10:

fructus (opp. dulcis),

Plin. 13, 4, 6, § 26. —More freq.,

Transf., in gen., rough, rude, harsh, hard, severe, stern, fierce, savage, inexorable (syn.:

barbarus, trux, torvus, immanis, ferox, crudelis, saevus): naturā et moribus immitis ferusque,

Liv. 23, 5, 12; cf.

asper et immitis,

Suet. Tib. 59:

arrogans, profusus, immitis,

id. Ner. 4:

tyrannus (i. e. Pluto),

Verg. G. 4, 492:

Parcae,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 13:

Glycera,

Hor. C. 1, 33, 2:

immitibus et desertis locis,

Plin. 17, 16, 26, § 120:

insulam Gyarum immitem et sine cultu hominum esse,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

immite et turbidum caelum,

Plin. Ep. 8, 17, 1:

venti,

Tib. 1, 1, 45:

oculi,

Ov. M. 6, 621:

nidi (i. e. hirundinum apibus infestarum),

Verg. G. 4, 17:

ara (on which human beings are offered),

Ov. P. 3, 2, 71:

claustra,

id. Am. 1, 6, 17:

vulnera,

id. de Nuce 69:

fata,

id. M. 13, 260:

mandata,

Tac. A. 15, 27:

rescriptum,

id. ib. 6, 9:

mors,

Tib. 1, 3, 55:

caedes pariter fugientium ac resistentium,

Liv. 4, 59, 6.—As subst.: immītĭa, ium, n., barbarous acts:

ausae immitia nuptae (i. e. abortus),

Ov. F. 1, 625.— Comp.:

vetus operis ac laboris, et eo immitior, quia toleraverat,

Tac. A. 1, 20; Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 1:

calcato immitior hydro,

Ov. M. 13, 804.— Sup.:

serpentes immitissimum animalium genus,

Plin. 10, 74, 96, § 207.— Adv.: im-mīte, rudely, harshly:

stridorque immite rudentum Sibilat,

Sil. 17, 257.

ingĕnĭum, ii, n. [in-geno, from gigno], innate or natural quality, nature.

In gen. (so mostly poet.; in Sall. and in postAug. prose;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): pro ingenio ego me liberum esse ratus sum, pro imperio tuo tibi servire aequom censeo,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22: ite in frundiferos locos Ingenio arbusta ubi nata sunt, non obsita, by their own nature, Naev. ap. Non. 323, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 28 Rib.); so,

loci,

Sall. H. 3, 18 Dietsch:

locorum hominumque ingenia,

Liv. 28, 12, 11; Tac. A. 6, 41; id. H. 1, 51; Flor. 2, 6, 16 al.:

terrae,

Liv. 37, 54, 21:

montis,

Tac. H. 2, 4; cf.:

campi suopte ingenio humentes,

id. ib. 5, 14:

arvorum,

Verg. G. 2, 177;

and, portūs,

Sil. 14, 283:

arbores sui cujusque ingenii poma ferunt,

Col. 3, 1, 2:

lactis ingenia et proprietates,

Gell. 12, 1, 14:

ingenium velox igni, Sev. Aetn. 214: crines ingenio suo flexi,

naturally, Petr. 126:

ut magistratus imperio suo vehemens mansueto permitteretur ingenio,

Liv. 2, 30, 4; cf.:

cum honesta suopte ingenio peterentur,

in consequence of its own nature, Tac. A. 3, 26:

mitis ingenio,

id. ib. 6, 15:

cunctator ingenio,

id. ib. 15, 1:

ingenio trux,

id. H. 1, 21.—

Rarely of beasts: mitior ad feras bestias, praecipitia ingenia sortitas,

Curt. 8, 1, 35.—

In partic., of persons.

Natural disposition, temper, mode of thinking, character, bent, inclination:

feci ego ingenium meum,

have acted out, Plaut. Merc. 4, 1, 2:

ita ingenium meumst,

id. Am. 3, 2, 18:

ut ingenium est omnium hominum ab labore proclive ad lubidinem,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 50:

liberale,

id. ib. 4, 5, 59:

pium ac pudicum,

id. Hec. 1, 2, 77:

durum atque inexorabile,

id. Phorm. 3, 2, 12:

inhumanum,

id. Eun. 5, 2, 41:

lene in liberos,

id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99:

utinam nunc matrescam ingenio,

Pac. Con. Rel. v. 139 Rib. (1 Rib., maturescam):

mobile,

Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 22:

cicur et mansuetum,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 91 Müll.:

inverecundum animi,

Cic. Inv. 1, 45, 83: vera loqui etsi meum ingenium non moneret. Liv. 3, 68, 9:

ingenio suo vivere,

id. 3, 36, 1: redire ad ingenium, to return to one ' s natural bent, to one ' s old courses, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 46:

Volscis levatis metu suum rediit ingenium,

Liv. 2, 22, 3: quae maxime ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces sunt, id. 1, 9, 16:

vanum dictatoris,

id. 1, 27, 1:

mitis ingenii juvenem,

id. 1, 46, 4:

Turni ferox,

id. 1, 51, 7:

temperare suum,

to control his temper, id. 8, 36, 5:

horrida,

Curt. 4, 6, 3:

molliora,

id. 5, 6, 18:

humana,

id. 5, 10, 13:

felix,

Sen. Ep. 95, 36:

rapax,

id. ad Helv. 17, 4:

atrox,

Tac. A. 4, 50:

procax,

id. H. 3, 32: ingenium ingeni, in Plautus, signifies peculiarity of disposition, Stich. 1, 2, 69.—

Concr. collect.:

tanto corruptius iter immixtis histrionibus et spadonum gregibus et cetero Neronianae aulae ingenio,

the people who gave character to the court, Tac. H. 2, 71.—

With respect to intelligence.

Natural capacity, talents, parts, abilities, genius:

docilitas, memoria, quae fere appellantur uno ingenii nomine,

Cic. Fin. 5, 13, 36:

ingenium ad fingendum,

id. Font. 14, 30:

excellens ac singulare,

id. de Or. 2, 74, 298:

vir acerrimo ingenio,

id. Or. 5, 18:

cujus tanta vis ingenii est, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 74, 299:

tardum,

id. ib. 2, 27, 117:

acutum aut retusum,

id. de Div. 1, 36, 72:

eximium,

id. Tusc. 5, 24, 68:

praestantissimum,

id. Fin. 2, 16, 51:

magnum,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:

illustre,

id. Cael. 1, 1:

oratorium,

Tac. Dial. 10:

pulcherrimum et maximum,

Plin. Ep. 8, 12, 4:

hebetatum, fractum, contusum,

id. ib. 8, 14, 9:

celeres ingenii motus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 113:

ingenii acies,

id. ib. 3, 5, 20:

ingenii lumen,

id. Brut. 15, 59:

ingenii vis,

id. Phil. 5, 18, 49:

ingenii vena,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 9:

ingenii vigor,

Ov. M. 8, 254:

ingenii celeritas,

Nep. Eum. 1:

ingenii docilitas,

id. Att. 1:

ingenio abundare,

Cic. Fam. 4, 8, 1:

ingenio valere,

Quint. 1, 8, 8:

ingenio divino esse,

Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 117:

ingenio hebeti esse,

id. Phil. 10, 8, 17:

in eo ingenium ejus elucere videbatis,

id. Cael. 19, 45:

colere et imbuere ingenium artibus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 16:

acuere,

Quint. 1, 4, 7:

alere,

id. 1, 8, 8:

exercere multiplici variāque materiā,

id. 2, 4, 20:

versabatur in hoc nostro studio cum ingenio,

with cleverness, Cic. Fam. 13, 10, 2; so,

cum ingenio,

Dig. 1, 16, 9:

ingenii memoria immortalis est,

Sen. Polyb. 18, 2.— Plur.:

acutiora ingenia et ad intellegendum aptiora eorum, qui, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 16, 42:

aliae (partes agrorum) quae acuta ingenia gignant, aliae quae retusa,

intellects, id. Div. 1, 36, 79 fin. —

Transf.

A genius, i. e. a man of genius, a clever, ingenious person:

excepi voluntatem tam excellens ingenium fuisse in civitate,

Cic. Brut. 40, 147; id. Rep. 2, 1, 2; Liv. 41, 4, 3:

nullum magnum ingenium sine mixtura dementiae fuit,

Sen. Tranq. An. 17, 10. — Plur.:

ut saepe summa ingenia in occulto latent,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 62:

decora,

Tac. A. 1, 1:

magna,

id. H. 1, 1:

nostra (i. e. oratores,

id. Dial. 1; id. Agr. 2; Sen. Ep. 2, 1; id. ad Polyb. 27, 1:

candidissimus omnium magnorum ingeniorum aestimator Livius,

id. Suas. 6, 22:

ingenia et artes vel maxime fovit,

Suet. Vesp. 18; id. Aug. 89:

id in magnis animis ingeniisque plerumque contingit,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 74.—

Of things, an invention, a clever thought:

exquisita ingenia cenarum,

Plin. Pan. 49, 7; cf. Tac. H. 3, 28:

noctium suarum ingenia (= flagitiosae libidinis inventiones),

voluptuous inventions, id. A. 16, 20.

immītis ( inm-), e, adj. [in-mitis], not soft or mellow, harsh, rough, sour (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. or Cæs.).

Lit., of fruit:

uva,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 10:

fructus (opp. dulcis),

Plin. 13, 4, 6, § 26. —More freq.,

Transf., in gen., rough, rude, harsh, hard, severe, stern, fierce, savage, inexorable (syn.:

barbarus, trux, torvus, immanis, ferox, crudelis, saevus): naturā et moribus immitis ferusque,

Liv. 23, 5, 12; cf.

asper et immitis,

Suet. Tib. 59:

arrogans, profusus, immitis,

id. Ner. 4:

tyrannus (i. e. Pluto),

Verg. G. 4, 492:

Parcae,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 13:

Glycera,

Hor. C. 1, 33, 2:

immitibus et desertis locis,

Plin. 17, 16, 26, § 120:

insulam Gyarum immitem et sine cultu hominum esse,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

immite et turbidum caelum,

Plin. Ep. 8, 17, 1:

venti,

Tib. 1, 1, 45:

oculi,

Ov. M. 6, 621:

nidi (i. e. hirundinum apibus infestarum),

Verg. G. 4, 17:

ara (on which human beings are offered),

Ov. P. 3, 2, 71:

claustra,

id. Am. 1, 6, 17:

vulnera,

id. de Nuce 69:

fata,

id. M. 13, 260:

mandata,

Tac. A. 15, 27:

rescriptum,

id. ib. 6, 9:

mors,

Tib. 1, 3, 55:

caedes pariter fugientium ac resistentium,

Liv. 4, 59, 6.—As subst.: immītĭa, ium, n., barbarous acts:

ausae immitia nuptae (i. e. abortus),

Ov. F. 1, 625.— Comp.:

vetus operis ac laboris, et eo immitior, quia toleraverat,

Tac. A. 1, 20; Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 1:

calcato immitior hydro,

Ov. M. 13, 804.— Sup.:

serpentes immitissimum animalium genus,

Plin. 10, 74, 96, § 207.— Adv.: im-mīte, rudely, harshly:

stridorque immite rudentum Sibilat,

Sil. 17, 257.