-
81 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
82 Aufstellung
Aufstellung f 1. BANK making up; 2. COMP tabulation; 3. GEN breakdown, list, (AE) schedule (Aufschlüsslung); 4. IND siting, installation; 5. RW drawing up, preparation • eine Aufstellung anfertigen von GEN make a list of* * *f 1. < Bank> making up; 2. < Comp> tabulation; 3. < Geschäft> Aufschlüsslung breakdown, list, schedule (AE) ; 4. < Ind> siting, installation; 5. < Rechnung> drawing up, preparation ■ eine Aufstellung anfertigen von < Geschäft> make a list of* * *Aufstellung
(Anordnung) arangement, disposition, drawing up, line-up, (Bericht) report, statement, (Kandidat) nomination, (Liste) list, bill, account, (Rechnung) statement;
• laut Aufstellung as per account [rendered], as per statement;
• laut umstehender Aufstellung as stated overleaf;
• laut unten stehender Aufstellung as per statement below;
• amtliche Aufstellung register;
• beiliegende Aufstellung annexed statement;
• detaillierte (genaue) Aufstellung detailed statement, specification, itemized schedule, itemization (US);
• kurze Aufstellung summary schedule;
• statistische Aufstellung statement, (Listen) returns;
• steuerliche Aufstellung tax statement;
• tabellarische Aufstellung tabular statement, table, tabulation, tabularization, schedule;
• Aufstellung der Abgangsdaten list of sailings;
• Aufstellung der Aktiva und Passiva statement of assets and liabilities, schedule;
• jährliche Aufstellung der Aktiva und Passiva annual summary (Br.);
• Aufstellung einer Bilanz striking a balance, preparation of a balance sheet;
• Aufstellung einer versicherungstechnischen Bilanz actuarial valuation;
• Aufstellung über die Einkommensverteilung statement of distribution of income;
• Aufstellung von Flächenabnutzungsplänen zoning (US);
• Aufstellung des Inventars inventory taking, stocktaking;
• Aufstellung von Investitionsplänen capital budgeting;
• Aufstellung eines Kandidaten putting in of a candidate;
• Aufstellung der Kosten statement of charges;
• erläuternde Aufstellung für die Steuererklärung supporting schedule for an income-tax return;
• Aufstellung in Tabellenform table, tabular statement, tabulation;
• Aufstellung über früher gezahlte Vergütungen compensation history;
• Aufstellung der Verlustquellen (Konkursverfahren) deficiency account;
• Aufstellung eines Verteilungsplans (Konkurs) marshal(l)ing [assets];
• Aufstellung eines gemeinsamen Zolltarifs establishment of a common customs tariff;
• Aufstellung anfertigen to draw up a list;
• Richtigkeit einer Aufstellung bestätigen to verify a list;
• Aufstellung auf den neuesten Stand bringen to bring a statement up to date. -
83 gleich
gleich adj STAT equal • alles andere bleibt gleich GEN all else being equal, ceteris paribus • auf gleiche Höhe bringen COMP align • auf gleicher Basis GEN on the same footing • die gleiche Wellenlänge haben wie GEN be on the same wavelength as • gleich bleiben GEN remain constant, remain unchanged • gleich sein STAT equal • gleich und gegensätzlich GEN equal and opposite • gleicher Meinung sein GEN be agreed • mit gleicher Post GEN by the same post • unter sonst gleichen Umständen WIWI all else being equal, other things being equal, ceteris paribus • zu den gleichen Bedingungen GEN on the same terms, on equal terms • zu gleichen Teilen GEN in equal proportions* * *adj < Math> equal ■ alles andere bleibt gleich < Geschäft> all else being equal, ceteris paribus ■ auf gleiche Höhe bringen < Comp> align ■ auf gleicher Basis < Geschäft> on the same footing ■ die gleiche Wellenlänge haben wie jarg < Geschäft> be on the same wavelength as ■ gleich sein < Math> equal ■ gleich und gegensätzlich < Geschäft> equal and opposite ■ gleicher Meinung sein < Geschäft> be agreed ■ mit gleicher Post < Geschäft> by the same post ■ unter sonst gleichen Umständen <Vw> all else being equal, other things being equal, ceteris paribus ■ zu den gleichen Bedingungen < Geschäft> on the same terms, on equal terms ■ zu gleichen Teilen < Geschäft> in equal proportions* * *gleich
same, [a]like, identical, (gleichwertig) equal, equivalent, (auf gleicher Höhe) even, level, (sofort) immediately, right [away];
• gleichen Anteil haben to go equal shares;
• zu gleichen Bedingungen on equal terms;
• gleiche Chancen even odds;
• gleiche Entlohnung equality of pay;
• gleicher Gewinn even break;
• in der gleichen Lage in the same boat;
• gleicher Lohn für gleiche Leistung equal pay for equal work;
• jem. etw. mit gleicher Münze heimzahlen to pay s. o. back in his own coin;
• Preise auf dem gleichen Niveau halten to maintain the same level of prices;
• mit gleicher Post by the same post (mail);
• gleicher Preis same price;
• gleicher Rang equal rank;
• gleicher diplomatischer Rang equality of status;
• mit jem. im gleichen Rang stehen to be on an equal footing with s. o.;
• gleiche Rechte equal rights;
• mit gleichem Schreiben under the same cover;
• mit jem. auf der gleichen Stufe stehen to be on the same level (on an equality) with s. o.;
• zu gleichen Teilen in equal parts, equally;
• zu gleichen Teilen an den Kosten beteiligt sein to contribute equal shares to the expenses;
• vom gleichen Wert equivalent.
groß, gleich
equal in size;
• normal groß full size;
• groß angelegt large-scale;
• groß vertreten well represented;
• groß herausbringen to launch, to star;
• große Auflage (Zeitung) wide circulation;
• großer Auftrag heavy order;
• großer Aufwand large expenditure;
• große Ausgaben heavy expenses;
• große Auswahl wide variety of products (choice);
• in großer Besetzung erscheinen (Delegation) to appear in full force;
• großes Einkommen large income;
• große Fortschritte machen to make great progress;
• auf großem Fuße leben to live in great style;
• großes Geld banknotes;
• große Geschäftsabschlüsse tätigen to deal in big volume;
• große Havarie general average;
• großer Kassenerfolg big-draw moneymaker;
• große Kursspanne wide quotation;
• die große Masse the vulgar herd;
• große Mode sein to be all the vogue (go now);
• in großer Not in sore distress;
• das große Publikum the general public;
• großer Schaden severe loss;
• großer Spielraum wide margin;
• großen Teil seines Einkommens im Provisionswege verdienen to get the bulk of one’s income by way of commission;
• in großem Umfang large-scale;
• großer Verlust severe (heavy) loss;
• großes Vermögen great (large) fortune. -
84 groß
groß adj GEN great, massive; large (Großeinkauf) • das große Geld machen GEN (infrml) strike it rich • groß angelegt GEN, WIWI large-scale (Projekte) • im Großen verkaufen V&M sell in bulk • in großem Maße GEN on a large scale • in großem Umfang GEN to a large extent • in großen Mengen GEN in large quantities • in großen Mengen kaufen GEN buy in large quantities • sich in große Unkosten stürzen GEN go to great expense* * *adj < Geschäft> great, massive, Großeinkauf large ■ das große Geld machen infrml < Geschäft> strike it rich infrml ■ im Großen verkaufen <V&M> sell in bulk ■ in großem Maße < Geschäft> on a large scale ■ in großem Umfang < Geschäft> to a large extent ■ in großen Mengen < Geschäft> in large quantities ■ in großen Mengen kaufen < Geschäft> buy in large quantities ■ ohne große Havarie <Geschäft, Versich> free of general average (fga) ■ sich in große Unkosten stürzen < Geschäft> go to great expense* * *groß, gleich
equal in size;
• normal groß full size;
• groß angelegt large-scale;
• groß vertreten well represented;
• groß herausbringen to launch, to star;
• große Auflage (Zeitung) wide circulation;
• großer Auftrag heavy order;
• großer Aufwand large expenditure;
• große Ausgaben heavy expenses;
• große Auswahl wide variety of products (choice);
• in großer Besetzung erscheinen (Delegation) to appear in full force;
• großes Einkommen large income;
• große Fortschritte machen to make great progress;
• auf großem Fuße leben to live in great style;
• großes Geld banknotes;
• große Geschäftsabschlüsse tätigen to deal in big volume;
• große Havarie general average;
• großer Kassenerfolg big-draw moneymaker;
• große Kursspanne wide quotation;
• die große Masse the vulgar herd;
• große Mode sein to be all the vogue (go now);
• in großer Not in sore distress;
• das große Publikum the general public;
• großer Schaden severe loss;
• großer Spielraum wide margin;
• großen Teil seines Einkommens im Provisionswege verdienen to get the bulk of one’s income by way of commission;
• in großem Umfang large-scale;
• großer Verlust severe (heavy) loss;
• großes Vermögen great (large) fortune.
aufgemacht, groß
(Nachricht) featured, full-blown;
• reißerisch aufgemacht (Zeitschrift) yellow (coll.). -
85 derive
1. transitive verbthe river derives its name from a Greek god — der Name des Flusses geht auf eine griechische Gottheit zurück
2. intransitive verbderive pleasure from something — Freude an etwas (Dat.) haben
derive from — beruhen auf (+ Dat.)
the word derives from Latin — das Wort stammt od. kommt aus dem Lateinischen
* * *1. verb( with from)1) (to come or develop from: The word `derives' is derived from an old French word.) herleiten•- academic.ru/19782/derivation">derivation- derivative 2. noun(a word, substance etc formed from another word, substance etc: `Reader' is a derivative of `read'.) die Ableitung* * *de·rive[dɪˈraɪv]I. vtII. vi\derived quantity MATH, SCI abgeleitete Größe* * *[dI'raɪv]1. vtidea, name, origins her- or ableiten (from von); profit, benefit ziehen (from aus); satisfaction, comfort, pleasure, energy gewinnen (from aus); income beziehen (from aus)this word is derived from the Greek — dieses Wort stammt aus dem Griechischen
2. vito derive from — sich her- or ableiten von; (power, fortune) beruhen auf (+dat), herkommen or -rühren von; (ideas) kommen or stammen von
this derives from the fact that... — das beruht auf der Tatsache, dass...
* * *derive [dıˈraıv]A v/t1. herleiten, übernehmen ( beide:from von):derive one’s name from seinen Namen herleiten von;derived income WIRTSCH abgeleitetes Einkommenfrom aus)from aus):derive pleasure from sth Freude an einer Sache finden oder haben4. (from)b) einen Schluss ziehen (aus)5. LING ab-, herleiten:derived meaning abgeleitete Bedeutung6. CHEM, MATH ableiten:7. ELEK abzweigen, ableiten:derived circuit Abzweigkreis ma) ab-, herstammen, herkommen, -rühren (von, aus), ausgehen (von), seinen Ursprung haben (in dat), sich herschreiben (von)b) sich her- oder ableiten (von)* * *1. transitive verbthe river derives its name from a Greek god — der Name des Flusses geht auf eine griechische Gottheit zurück
2. intransitive verbderive pleasure from something — Freude an etwas (Dat.) haben
derive from — beruhen auf (+ Dat.)
the word derives from Latin — das Wort stammt od. kommt aus dem Lateinischen
* * *v.ableiten v. -
86 Baranforderungen
Baranforderungen
cash requirements;
• Barangebot cash offer;
• alternatives Barangebot cash alternative;
• investierte Baranlagen cash investment;
• Baransammlung cash buildup;
• Baranschaffung remittance (payment) in cash, cash payment (remittance);
• Baranzahlung (Leihwagen) prepayment;
• Barartikel ready-money article;
• Baraufwand cash outlay (expenditure);
• Baraufwendungen out-of-pocket costs;
• Barausgleich cash adjustment (settlement);
• Barauslagen actual (out-of-pocket, Br.) expenses, actual expenditure, cash expenditure (outlay);
• Barausschüttung cash distribution (share-out);
• Barausschüttung an die Aktionäre cash to shareholders;
• Barausstattung cash allocation;
• Barauszahlung payment in cash, cash payout;
• Barbesitzer nightclub owner;
• Barbestand amount of cash, cash on (in) hand, balance in cash;
• Barbestand einer Bank cash in vaults, vault (hard) cash, cash reserve, effects, cash holdings (US);
• Barbestände cash assets (funds);
• Erhöhung der Barbestände vornehmen to increase one’s holdings of cash;
• Barbetrag amount in cash, cash value;
• weitere Barbeträge der Regierung in Anspruch nehmen to draw another dollop of government cash;
• Barbezüge remuneration in cash;
• Bardarlehn cash loan, advance in cash;
• Bardeckung cash cover (security);
• Bardeckung anschaffen (Börse) to deposit a margin in cash (US);
• Bardepot cash deposit;
• Bardepotpflicht compulsory cash deposit;
• Bardevisen foreign cash, spot exchange;
• Bardiskont cash (time) discount;
• Bardividende (Lebensversicherung) cash benefit (bonus);
• Bareingang cash item, specie payment (US);
• Bareingänge cash receipts;
• Bareinkauf cash purchase;
• Bareinkommen cash income (earnings);
• Bareinlage cash deposit, (Kapitalanteil) contribution in cash, cash investment (contribution);
• Bareinnahmen cash earnings (income, receipts, takings), counter receipt;
• gesamte Bareinnahmen total cash received;
• Bareinschuss leisten (Börse) to deposit a margin in cash (US);
• Bareinzahlung cash item;
• Bareinzahlungspflicht zum Nennwert (Aktienausgabe) true value rule;
• Barentlohnung remuneration in cash;
• Barentnahme cash drawings, withdrawal of cash;
• Barerlös, Barerträgnisse cash proceeds;
• Barfaktura cash invoice;
• Barfinanzierung direct financing;
• Barfonds cash on hand;
• Barforderung money claim;
• Barfreimachung (Post) bulk franking;
• Bargebot cash purchase offer. -
87 Kundschaft
Kundschaft
custom, patronage (coll.), clientele, business, buyers, connection, connexion (Br.), (Einzelkunden) customers, (Firmenwert) goodwill;
• auf die Wünsche der Kundschaft eingestellt customer-directed;
• mit geringer Kundschaft ill-customized;
• mit guter Kundschaft with a good clientele;
• ohne Kundschaft uncustomed;
• zur Unterrichtung der Kundschaft for customer orientation;
• anspruchsvolle Kundschaft demanding customers;
• ausgedehnte Kundschaft wide connection;
• feste Kundschaft steady customers;
• meine Kundschaft my class of business;
• unzufriedene Kundschaft consumer dissatisfaction;
• gut verdienende Kundschaft upper-income customers;
• Kundschaft mit niedrigerem Einkommen lower-income customers;
• jem. die Kundschaft abjagen to alienate s. one’s clients from s. o.;
• Kundschaft anlocken to draw customers into the store;
• Kundschaft anziehen (Anzeige) to pull custom (US);
• seine Kundschaft wegen schlechter Bedienung aufgeben to take away one’s patronage because of poor service;
• Kundschaft bedienen to serve customers;
• neue Kundschaft bekommen to get new customers;
• Kundschaft besuchen to canvass customers;
• Kundschaft erhalten to retain customers;
• sich Kundschaft erwerben to build up custom, to get business, to work up a connection;
• neue Kundschaft gewinnen to acquire customers;
• vornehme Kundschaft haben to have a select patronage;
• wenig Kundschaft haben to have little custom;
• über mangelnde Kundschaft nicht zu klagen haben to lack no clients;
• sich die Aufmerksamkeit seiner Kundschaft sichern to key one’s publicity;
• Kundschaft übernehmen to acquire the goodwill;
• seine Kundschaft verlieren to lose business (one’s customers);
• mit Kundschaft versorgen to custom;
• auf Kundschaft warten (Taxifahrer) to ply for hire (Br.), to cruise;
• jem. die Kundschaft wegnehmen to entice away the custom of s. o.;
• Kundschaft werben to solicit customers. -
88 Obligationen
Obligationen
bonds, [debenture] stock (Br.), debentures, debenture bonds (US), obligations;
• mit Obligationen belastet bonded;
• von Gewinnen in ihrer Verzinsung abhängige Obligationen income bonds (US);
• aufgerufene Obligationen called bonds;
• ausgegebene Obligationen (Bilanz) bonds payable;
• zwecks Ausbau eines Unternehmens ausgegebene Obligationen development bonds (US);
• von einem Konkursverwalter ausgegebene Obligationen receiver's certificates (US);
• noch nicht ausgegebene Obligationen unissued debentures;
• an Stelle von Zinsen ausgegebene Obligationen interest (income) bonds;
• in Stücken ausgegebene Obligationen denominational bonds;
• zur Verbesserung öffentlicher Anlagen ausgegebene Obligationen improvement bonds (US);
• für ungewisse Zeit ausgegebene Obligationen tap bonds (US);
• ausgeloste Obligationen called (drawn) bonds;
• mit Dividendenberechtigung ausgestattete Obligationen dividend bonds (US);
• mit attraktiven Steuervorteilen ausgestattete Obligationen bonds with attractive tax feature;
• ausländische Obligationen foreign bonds;
• auslosbare Obligationen redeemable bonds, bonds callable by lot;
• auswechselbare Obligationen interchangeable bonds;
• nicht mehr bediente Obligationen defaulted bonds (US);
• begebene Obligationen outstanding bonds;
• durch Effektenhinterlegung besicherte Obligationen collateral bonds;
• hypothekarisch besicherte Obligationen mortgage-backed bonds;
• bevorrechtigte Obligationen preferred bonds;
• erstrangige Obligationen first debentures;
• festverzinsliche Obligationen fixed-interest bonds, active bonds (Br.), debenture bonds (US);
• neu fundierte Obligationen redemption bonds;
• erststellig abgesicherte neu fundierte Obligationen refunding first mortgage bonds (US);
• garantierte Obligationen guaranteed debentures;
• durch die Muttergesellschaft garantierte Obligationen indorsed bonds;
• überdurchschnittlich gehandelte Obligationen active bonds (US);
• durch Effektenlombard gesicherte Obligationen collateral trust bonds (US);
• erstrangig gesicherte Obligationen first-lien (senior-lien) bonds;
• durch nachrangige Hypothek gesicherte Obligationen junior-lien bonds;
• hypothekarisch gesicherte Obligationen secured debentures, debenture stock (Br.);
• hypothekarisch nicht gesicherte Obligationen simple bonds (debentures);
• durch Vorranghypothek gesicherte Obligationen prior-lien (underlying, US) bonds;
• klein gestückelte Obligationen fractional debentures, saving (baby) bonds (US);
• getilgte Obligationen cancelled bonds;
• gewinnberechtigte Obligationen profit-sharing bonds, participating bonds (debentures);
• gleichartige Obligationen similar bonds;
• beim (bei einem) Treuhänder hinterlegte Obligationen escrow bonds (US);
• hochverzinsliche Obligationen high-yield bonds;
• indexgekoppelte Obligationen index-linked bonds;
• kommunale Obligationen local government bonds (Br.), municipal bonds (US);
• konvertierbare Obligationen convertible debentures;
• jederzeit kündbare Obligationen callable (redeemable, optional, US) bonds, redeemable debentures;
• nach festgelegten Terminen kündbare Obligationen indeterminate bonds (US);
• kurzfristige Obligationen short[-term] bonds (debentures);
• langfristige Obligationen long[-term] bonds (debentures);
• auf Dollar lautende Obligationen bonds denominated in dollars;
• auf den Inhaber lautende Obligationen bearer (coupon, US) bonds, bonds to bearer, bearer debentures;
• auf den Namen lautende Obligationen registered debentures (bonds, Br.);
• minderwertige Obligationen junk bonds;
• mündelsichere Obligationen legal bonds (US), trustee bonds (Br.);
• Not leidende Obligationen overdue stocks (Br.),defaulted bonds (US);
• öffentlich-rechtliche Obligationen public bonds, bonds of state (public) corporations;
• pfandgesicherte Obligationen secured bonds (debentures);
• prolongierte Obligationen continued (extended, US, renewal) bonds;
• zur Tilgung rückgekaufte Obligationen bonds purchased for cancellation;
• rückkaufbare Obligationen redeemable debentures;
• in Teilzahlungen rückzahlbare Obligationen instal(l)ment bonds (US);
• vorzeitig rückzahlbare Obligationen callable bonds (US);
• steuerfreie Obligationen tax-exempt (-free) bonds, tax-free obligations;
• tilgbare Obligationen callable (redeemable) bonds;
• nicht übertragbare Obligationen registered debentures (bonds, Br.);
• uneingelöste Obligationen unpaid bonds;
• ungesicherte Obligationen unsecured (naked) debentures;
• ungültige Obligationen disabled bonds (Br.);
• unkündbare Obligationen irredeemable bonds, irredeemable (Br.) (perpetual) debentures;
• in Serien unterteilte Obligationen serial bonds;
• unverzinsliche Obligationen non-interest-bearing bonds;
• frei verfügbare Obligationen free bonds;
• durch Wechsel verstärkte Obligationen endorsed bonds;
• vorläufige Obligationen temporary bonds;
• in Währungen verschiedener Länder zahlbare Obligationen multiple-currency bonds (US);
• in gesetzlichen Zahlungsmitteln zahlbare Obligationen legal-tender bonds;
• nur bei Gewinnerträgnissen zinspflichtige Obligationen adjustment bonds;
• zinstragende Obligationen interest-bearing bonds;
• zwecks Tilgung zurückgekaufte Obligationen bonds purchased for cancellation;
• zurückgenommene Obligationen redeemed bonds;
• in Raten zurückzahlbare Obligationen instalment bonds (US);
• zweitrangige Obligationen second debentures;
• Obligationen, deren Besitzer einer Sanierung des Unternehmens nicht zustimmen non-assented bonds;
• Obligationen ausländischer Gesellschaften foreign corporate bonds (US);
• Obligationen mit zusätzlichem Gewinnbeteiligungsrecht participating bonds (debentures);
• Obligationen der öffentlichen Hand public stocks;
• Obligationen eines Immobilienfonds real-estate bonds;
• Obligationen mit Kapital- und Dividendengarantie guaranteed bonds (US);
• Obligationen ohne Konversionsrechte straight bonds;
• Obligationen mit abgetrennten, noch nicht fälligen Kupons ragged bonds (US);
• Obligationen mit kurzer Laufzeit short-term bonds (debentures);
• Obligationen mit langer Laufzeit long-term bonds (debentures);
• Obligationen mit variabler Rendite variable-yield debentures;
• Obligationen in Stückelungen bis 500 Dollar fractional debentures, small (savings) bonds (US);
• Obligationen ohne Tilgungsraten irredeemable bonds (debentures);
• Obligationen öffentlicher Versorgungsbetriebe public-utility bonds;
• Obligationen mit aufgeschobener (allmählich ansteigender) Verzinsung non-interest-bearing discount (deferred, Br.) bonds;
• Obligationen mit gleich bleibender Verzinsung continued bonds (US);
• Obligationen kommunaler Wasserwerke water bonds;
• Obligationen mit Wechselkursfreigabe floating-rate bonds;
• Obligationen mit gestaffeltem Zinssatz graduated interest debentures;
• Obligationen mit Zinsschein coupon bonds;
• Obligationen abrufen to call bonds;
• Obligationen ausgeben to issue bonds;
• Obligationen auslosen to draw bonds;
• Obligationen in großen Mengen auf den Markt bringen to put obligations on the market in large blocks;
• Obligationen einlösen to pay off bonds;
• Obligationen auf den Namen eintragen to register bonds (debentures);
• Obligationen neu emittieren to reissue debentures;
• Obligationen kündigen to call in bonds;
• Obligationen tilgen to redeem bonds (debentures);
• Obligationen unterbringen to place bonds;
• Obligationen mit zweijähriger Laufzeit und einer 11%igen Rendite verkaufen to sell two-year bonds on yield of 11%;
• Obligationenagio bond premium;
• Obligationenangebot debenture offering;
• Obligationenanleihe loan on debentures, debenture loan;
• Obligationenausgabe issue of debentures, bond (debenture) issue;
• Obligationenbesitz bondholdings;
• Obligationenbuch bond register (book);
• Obligationengläubiger bondholder, debenture holder, bond (debenture) creditor;
• Obligationenhandel bond trading;
• Obligationeninhaber bondholder, debenture holder;
• Obligationenkündigung bond retirement;
• Obligationenmarkt bond market;
• Obligationenrecht law of contract;
• Obligationenschuld debenture (bonded) debt;
• Obligationenschulden (Bilanz) bonded debts (indebtedness), bonds payable;
• Obligationenschuldner bond debtor, obligor (US);
• durch nachstehende Hypothek gesicherte Obligationenserie junior issue;
• Obligationentilgung redemption of bonds (debentures);
• Obligationenzinsen interest upon bonds, bond interest, debenture interests (US);
• Obligationenzinsschein bond coupon.
Obligationen, deren Besitzer einer Sanierung des Unternehmens nicht zustimmen
non-assented bonds -
89 bastante
adj.1 enough (suficiente).no tengo dinero bastante I haven't got enough money2 a lot of, sufficient, enough, plenty of.adv.1 quite, pretty (considerablemente).es bastante fácil it's pretty o quite easybastante mejor quite a lot betterme gustó bastante I enjoyed it quite a lot2 a lot, very much, a great deal.pron.enough, a good deal, a lot, a sufficient quantity.* * *► adjetivo1 enough, sufficient■ ¿tienes bastante dinero? have you got enough money?2 (abundante) quite a lot of► adverbio1 enough2 (un poco) fairly, quite3 (tiempo) some time, quite a while* * *1. adv.1) enough, sufficiently2) quite, rather2. pron. 3. adj.1) enough, sufficient3) quite a few* * *1. ADJ1) (=suficiente) enough ( para for)¿no tienes ya bastantes? — haven't you got enough?
2) (=mucho) quite a lot of, a fair amount ofhan dejado bastante comida — they've left quite a lot of o a fair amount of food
3) (=muchos) quite a lot of, quite a fewhabía bastantes invitados en la recepción — there were quite a lot of o quite a few guests at the reception
-¿tienes muchos cuadros? -bastantes — "do you have many paintings?" - "quite a few"
4) Méx (=demasiado) too much2. ADV1) (=suficiente) enoughya tienen bastante como para que vayamos también nosotros con nuestros problemas — they've got enough on their plate already without us taking our problems along
2) (=de forma considerable) [con verbos] quite a lot; [con adjetivos, adverbios] quitelo he visto bastante últimamente — I've seen a fair amount of him o quite a lot of him recently
me gusta bastante — I quite like it, I like it quite a lot
el libro está bastante bien — it's a fairly good book, it's quite a good book
estoy bastante cansado — I'm rather o quite tired
habla inglés bastante bien — she speaks quite good English, her English is quite good
* * *I1) ( suficiente) enoughbastantes vasos/bastante vino — enough glasses/wine
2) ( cantidad o número considerable) plenty of, quite a lot ofII1) ( suficiente) enough2) ( demasiado)III1) ( suficientemente) enough2) ( considerablemente) (con verbos) quite a lot; (con adjetivos, adverbios) quiteme pareció bastante aburrido/agradable — I thought he was rather boring/quite pleasant
es bastante fácil de curar — it's quite o fairly easy to cure
* * *= a good deal of, a great deal of, enough, plenty of, pretty much, substantive, plenty, a good many, numerable, fair share.Ex. There is a good deal of scope for users and novice cataloguers to find difficulty in identifying the appropriate heading for many of the works which are the responsibility of corporate bodies.Ex. As earlier sections amply demonstrate, there is a great deal of choice with regards to data bases.Ex. Also, the supplier with a number of clients has enough maintenance income to justify the establishment of a sound maintenance service.Ex. There are plenty of omission failures of this sort, and they litter most of the Hennepin County Library Cataloging Bulletins.Ex. Of course, suspicion always arises that both are weak; for where the library is a vital force, the public is usually pretty much alive to its worth.Ex. In Zimbabwe out of the seven universities with substantive librarians in the country, six of them were headed by women.Ex. One of the great glories of books is that there are plenty to suit everybody, no matter what our taste, our mood, our intellectual ability, age or living experience.Ex. A good many heavily gilt retailers' bindings (such as the small English devotional books that were sold in large numbers from the 1560s until the later seventeenth century) were indeed intended to look expensive while really being cheaply executed.Ex. During the past decade both groups have developed numerable measures to assess creative potential.Ex. Some librarians complain that they are not getting a fair share of these funds.----* ayudar bastante a = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.* bastante + Adjetivo = fairly + Adjetivo, pretty + Adjetivo, rather + Adjetivo, reasonably + Adjetivo.* bastante bien = good enough, rather well, fairly + Verbo.* bastante desarrollado = well-developed.* bastante extenso = longish.* bastante general = wide-ranging [wide ranging].* bastante grande = largish.* bastante largo = longish.* bastante lejos de = well away from.* bastante malo = third rate [third-rate].* bastante más = rather more.* bastante para todos = enough to go round.* bastante tiempo = ample time.* con bastante antelación = well in advance, far in advance.* con bastante frecuencia = quite frequently, fairly often.* dar bastante importancia a = place + great store on.* dejar bastante que desear = leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.* estar bastante acostumbrado a = be all too familiar with.* estar bastante alejado = be a distance apart.* ganar bastante dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.* lo bastante elevado = high enough.* lo bastante extenso = adequately scoped.* no lo bastante lejos = not far enough.* Participio Pasado + bastante bueno = decently + Participio Pasado.* que necesita bastante dedicación de personal = staff-intensive [staff intensive].* que necesita bastante mano de obra = labour-intensive [labour intensive].* remontarse bastante en el tiempo = go back + a long way.* ya es bastante = enough is enough.* ya hace bastante tiempo = for quite a while now.* ya hemos hablado bastante de = so much for.* * *I1) ( suficiente) enoughbastantes vasos/bastante vino — enough glasses/wine
2) ( cantidad o número considerable) plenty of, quite a lot ofII1) ( suficiente) enough2) ( demasiado)III1) ( suficientemente) enough2) ( considerablemente) (con verbos) quite a lot; (con adjetivos, adverbios) quiteme pareció bastante aburrido/agradable — I thought he was rather boring/quite pleasant
es bastante fácil de curar — it's quite o fairly easy to cure
* * *= a good deal of, a great deal of, enough, plenty of, pretty much, substantive, plenty, a good many, numerable, fair share.Ex: There is a good deal of scope for users and novice cataloguers to find difficulty in identifying the appropriate heading for many of the works which are the responsibility of corporate bodies.
Ex: As earlier sections amply demonstrate, there is a great deal of choice with regards to data bases.Ex: Also, the supplier with a number of clients has enough maintenance income to justify the establishment of a sound maintenance service.Ex: There are plenty of omission failures of this sort, and they litter most of the Hennepin County Library Cataloging Bulletins.Ex: Of course, suspicion always arises that both are weak; for where the library is a vital force, the public is usually pretty much alive to its worth.Ex: In Zimbabwe out of the seven universities with substantive librarians in the country, six of them were headed by women.Ex: One of the great glories of books is that there are plenty to suit everybody, no matter what our taste, our mood, our intellectual ability, age or living experience.Ex: A good many heavily gilt retailers' bindings (such as the small English devotional books that were sold in large numbers from the 1560s until the later seventeenth century) were indeed intended to look expensive while really being cheaply executed.Ex: During the past decade both groups have developed numerable measures to assess creative potential.Ex: Some librarians complain that they are not getting a fair share of these funds.* ayudar bastante a = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.* bastante + Adjetivo = fairly + Adjetivo, pretty + Adjetivo, rather + Adjetivo, reasonably + Adjetivo.* bastante bien = good enough, rather well, fairly + Verbo.* bastante desarrollado = well-developed.* bastante extenso = longish.* bastante general = wide-ranging [wide ranging].* bastante grande = largish.* bastante largo = longish.* bastante lejos de = well away from.* bastante malo = third rate [third-rate].* bastante más = rather more.* bastante para todos = enough to go round.* bastante tiempo = ample time.* con bastante antelación = well in advance, far in advance.* con bastante frecuencia = quite frequently, fairly often.* dar bastante importancia a = place + great store on.* dejar bastante que desear = leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.* estar bastante acostumbrado a = be all too familiar with.* estar bastante alejado = be a distance apart.* ganar bastante dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.* lo bastante elevado = high enough.* lo bastante extenso = adequately scoped.* no lo bastante lejos = not far enough.* Participio Pasado + bastante bueno = decently + Participio Pasado.* que necesita bastante dedicación de personal = staff-intensive [staff intensive].* que necesita bastante mano de obra = labour-intensive [labour intensive].* remontarse bastante en el tiempo = go back + a long way.* ya es bastante = enough is enough.* ya hace bastante tiempo = for quite a while now.* ya hemos hablado bastante de = so much for.* * *A (suficiente) enough¿tenemos bastantes vasos/bastante vino? do we have enough glasses/wine?B (una cantidad o un número considerable) plenty ofcompra bastantes aceitunas buy plenty of olivesnecesita bastante sal it needs plenty of o quite a lot of saltnos dio bastantes ejemplos he gave us plenty of o quite a lot of o quite a few examplesA (en cantidad o número suficiente) enoughvámonos, ya he visto bastante let's go, I've seen enoughya tenemos bastantes we already have enoughB(en cantidad o número considerable): la traducción deja bastante que desear the translation leaves rather a lot to be desiredA (suficientemente) enoughno te has esforzado bastante you haven't tried hard enoughel río no es lo bastante profundo the river isn't deep enoughes lo bastante fácil como para que lo pueda hacer sola it's easy enough for her to do on her ownme ayudó bastante he gave me quite a lot of help, he helped me quite a lotme pareció bastante aburrido/agradable I thought he was rather boring/quite pleasantllegó bastante cansado he was pretty o quite tired when he arrivedlo que tiene es bastante fácil de curar what she has is quite o fairly easy to curehabla español bastante bien she speaks Spanish quite o pretty welllos resultados fueron bastante decepcionantes the results were rather disappointing* * *
bastante adjetivo
◊ bastantes vasos/bastante vino enough glasses/wine
◊ había bastante gente/bastantes coches there were plenty of people/cars
■ pronombre
1 ( suficiente) enough;
2 ( demasiado):
■ adverbio
1 ( suficientemente) enough;
2 ( considerablemente) ( con verbos) quite a lot;
(con adjetivos, adverbios) quite;
me pareció bastante agradable/aburrido I thought he was quite pleasant/rather boring
bastante
I adjetivo
1 (suficiente) enough: ¿tenéis bastantes mantas?, do you have enough blankets?
bastante dinero/azúcar, enough money/sugar
2 (en abundancia) quite a lot of: tiene bastante valor, he's quite brave
bastantes personas, quite a lot of people
II adverbio
1 (suficiente) enough: nunca tiene bastante, it's never enough for her
es lo bastante inteligente como para..., he's clever enough to...
2 (muy, mucho) fairly, quite: conduces bastante bien, you drive rather well
es una película bastante buena, it's quite a good film
viaja bastante, she travels quite often ➣ Ver nota en quite
1) Cuando quieres decir suficiente, debes usar la palabra enough, que se coloca detrás de un adjetivo o adverbio, pero delante de un sustantivo: Tengo bastante dinero. I have enough money. No es bastante grande. It's not big enough.
Recuerda que nunca puedes usar enough cuando bastante significa muy: Este libro es bastante (muy) interesante. This book is very interesting. Hace bastante calor. It's very hot.
2) Cuando quieres decir abundante, puedes emplear la palabra quite, pero también:
fairly: bastante pero no suficiente
pretty: más o mejor de lo esperado (informal)
rather: más o mejor de lo esperado (formal)
En una escala de nada a muy, el orden sería: not-fairly-quite-rather/pretty-very.
Quite se coloca delante de a/an + sustantivo
pretty y fairly entre a/an y el sustantivo, y rather en ambas posiciones: It's quite/ rather a nice day today o it's a pretty/fairly/rather nice day today. Hoy es un día bastante agradable.
En la comparación sólo puedes emplear rather: It's rather warmer today. Hoy hace bastante más calor.
Con un verbo sólo podemos usar quite o rather: I rather/ quite liked it. Me gustó bastante.
' bastante' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abundante
- animosidad
- apolillada
- apolillado
- chillón
- chillona
- decente
- dentro
- descreída
- descreído
- desear
- destreza
- eufórica
- eufórico
- excitable
- informal
- lucir
- miedosa
- miedoso
- ordinaria
- ordinario
- parecerse
- pedestre
- pequeña
- pequeño
- potable
- rancia
- rancio
- reparación
- suficiente
- tonta
- tonto
- adelantado
- alto
- creer
- defender
- guisar
- hombre
- para
English:
accurately
- aspect
- by
- carefree
- close
- considerably
- deal
- decent
- draw on
- enough
- explode
- fairly
- have
- lengthy
- livable
- morale
- near
- OK
- okay
- pretty
- quite
- rather
- reasonable
- reasonably
- some
- sufficient
- sufficiently
- tolerably
- warm
- way
- bit
- considerable
- decently
- desire
- fair
- good
- nice
- nip
- ropey
- rough
- shape
- stock
- well
- while
* * *♦ adj1. [suficiente] enough;no tengo dinero bastante I haven't got enough money;no es lo bastante ancha para que entre el piano it's not wide enough to get the piano throughtienen bastante dinero they're quite o pretty well off;bastantes libros quite a lot of books, a fair number of books;tenemos bastante tiempo we have quite a lot of time♦ adv1. [suficientemente]es lo bastante lista para… she's smart enough to…;ya has hablado bastante, ahora cállate you've done enough talking, be quiet now2. [considerablemente] [con adjetivos, adverbios] quite;[con verbos] quite a lot;es bastante fácil it's pretty o quite easy;es una práctica bastante común it's quite a common practice, it's a pretty common practice;bastante mejor quite a lot better;me gustó bastante I enjoyed it quite a lot;he cenado bastante I had a pretty big dinner;desde que le operaron ha mejorado bastante he's quite a lot better o he's improved quite a lot since he had the operation3. [con frecuencia] quite a lot;voy bastante por ahí I go there quite a lot;¿viajas mucho? – bastante do you do much travelling? – yes, quite a lot o a fair bit♦ pronéramos bastantes there were quite a few o a lot of us;hay bastantes que piensan así there are quite a few people who share the same opinion;queda bastante there's quite a lot left* * *I adj1 enough2 número ocantidad considerable plenty of;quedan bastantes plazas there are plenty of seats leftbebe bastante she drinks quite a lot* * *bastante adv1) : enough, sufficientlyhe trabajado bastante: I have worked enough2) : fairly, rather, quitellegaron bastante temprano: they arrived quite earlybastante adj: enough, sufficientbastante pron: enoughhemos visto bastante: we have seen enough* * *bastante1 adj1. (suficiente) enough¿habrá bastante comida para todos? will there be enough food for everyone?¿tenemos bastantes sillas? have we got enough chairs?2. (no poco) quite a lot ofbastante2 adv1. (no poco) quite2. (suficiente) enoughbastante3 pron1. (suficente) enoughno eches más agua a la planta, ya tiene bastante don't water the plant any more, that's enough2. (mucho) quite a lot -
90 desempleo
m.unemployment.desempleo de larga duración long-term unemploymentpres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: desemplear.* * *1 unemployment\cobrar el desempleo to be on the dole, (US be on welfare)* * *noun m.* * *SM1) (=falta de trabajo) unemployment2) (=subsidio) unemployment benefit* * *a) ( situación) unemploymentb) ( subsidio) unemployment benefit* * *= unemployment, joblessness.Ex. But the good times ran out and the world recession of the 1970s brought rising inflation, unemployment and increasing pressure for better social services.Ex. The growth of poverty and joblessness, new immigrant populations, and the ubiquitous need for technical literacy continue to increase the significance of the public library's role in lifelong learning = En los Estados Unidos, el aumento de la pobreza y el desempleo, la nueva población de inmigrantes y la necesidad de poseer conocimientos básicos en tecnología continúa aumentando la importancia del papel de la biblioteca pública en el aprendizaje permanente.----* desempleo oculto = hidden unemployment.* oficina de desempleo = employment bureau, employment centre, job centre.* reducto de desempleo = pocket of unemployment.* subsidio de desempleo = income continuation insurance, unemployment compensation, unemployment benefit.* tasa de desempleo = unemployment rate, jobless rate.* zona de desempleo = pocket of unemployment.* * *a) ( situación) unemploymentb) ( subsidio) unemployment benefit* * *= unemployment, joblessness.Ex: But the good times ran out and the world recession of the 1970s brought rising inflation, unemployment and increasing pressure for better social services.
Ex: The growth of poverty and joblessness, new immigrant populations, and the ubiquitous need for technical literacy continue to increase the significance of the public library's role in lifelong learning = En los Estados Unidos, el aumento de la pobreza y el desempleo, la nueva población de inmigrantes y la necesidad de poseer conocimientos básicos en tecnología continúa aumentando la importancia del papel de la biblioteca pública en el aprendizaje permanente.* desempleo oculto = hidden unemployment.* oficina de desempleo = employment bureau, employment centre, job centre.* reducto de desempleo = pocket of unemployment.* subsidio de desempleo = income continuation insurance, unemployment compensation, unemployment benefit.* tasa de desempleo = unemployment rate, jobless rate.* zona de desempleo = pocket of unemployment.* * *1 (situación) unemploymentnivel de desempleo level of unemployment2 (subsidio) unemployment benefitcobrar el desempleo to receive unemployment benefit* * *
desempleo sustantivo masculino
desempleo sustantivo masculino unemployment
' desempleo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
paro
- prestación
- subsidio
- tasa
- cesantía
- seguro
English:
idleness
- joblessness
- redundancy
- unemployment
- unemployment benefit
- unemployment compensation
- dole
- high
- sign
* * *desempleo nm1. [falta de empleo] unemployment;una de las tasas de desempleo más altas de Europa one of the highest unemployment rates in Europe;estar en el desempleo to be unemployeddesempleo de larga duración long-term unemployment2. [subsidio] unemployment benefit;cobrar el desempleo to receive unemployment benefit* * *m unemployment;desempleo de larga duración long-term unemployment* * *desempleo nm: unemployment* * *desempleo n unemployment -
91 exposición
f.1 exposition, show, display, exhibit.2 exposure, exposed position, exposition.Exposición al sol Exposure to the sun.3 exposé.4 exposition, dissertation.5 exposure.6 time exposure.7 libel, exposé.* * *1 (de arte) exhibition, show; (de mercancías) display2 (explicación) account, explanation; (hechos, ideas) exposé3 (al sol etc) exposure4 (fotografía) exposure5 (riesgo) risk\exposición universal world fair* * *noun f.1) exhibition, show2) display3) exposure* * *SF1) (=muestra) (Arte) exhibition; (Com) show, fairexposición itinerante — travelling show, traveling show (EEUU)
2) (=acto) [gen] exposing, exposure; (Fot) exposure; (Com) display3) (=enunciado) [de hechos] statement; [de teoría] expositionexposición de motivos — (Jur) explanatory preamble
* * *1)a) ( acción) exhibition, showingb) (muestra - de cuadros, esculturas) exhibition; (- de productos, maquinaria) show2) (de hechos, razones) statement, exposition (frml); (de tema, teoría) exposition (frml), presentation3) (al aire, sol) exposure; (Fot) exposure* * *= account, display, exhibition, exposition, exposure, show, exhibit, art show, viewing.Ex. In the interests of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.Ex. Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.Ex. Special rules are includes for specific types of corporate bodies, such as exhibitions, conferences, subordinate and related bodies, governments bodies and officials, and radio and television stations.Ex. Ninety-nine years ago Charles Cutter began his exposition of a set of cataloging rules with the following objectives.Ex. The 1850s also saw the appearance of photolithography, whereby a chemical film spread on the surface of a litho stone or plate was rendered insoluble and water-repellent by exposure to light.Ex. Locate the exhibit catalog for a show of American impressionists held at the Corcoran Gallery in 1985.Ex. Models and displays set up in the salesrooms or as special exhibits are both decorative and interesting.Ex. The library provides a range of services to its community, including homebound service, story hours, film series, literacy tutoring, income tax assistance, art shows, to name a few.Ex. There will be a private viewing for conference-goers of Chicago's Art Institute and a reception at the Newberry Library with culinary delights created by Chef Louis Szathmary.----* ajustar la exposición = adjust + exposure.* catálogo de exposición = exhibit catalogue, exhibition catalogue.* celebrar una exposición = hold + exhibition.* claridad de exposición = clarity of exposition.* en exposición = on exhibit, on show, on display.* exposición al sol = sun exposure.* exposición comercial = trade show, trade exhibition.* exposición de arte = art exhibit, art exhibition.* exposición de fotografías = photographic exhibition.* exposición de inauguración = opening exhibition.* exposición de libros = book display.* exposición de los hechos = statement of fact.* exposición de museo = museum exhibit.* exposición de productos artesanales = craft show.* exposiciones de fotografía = salon photography.* exposición fotográfica = photographic exhibition, photo gallery.* exposición indecente = indecent exposure.* exposición itinerante = travelling exhibition.* inauguración de la exposición = exhibition opening.* industria de las exposiciones comerciales = trade show industry.* montar una exposición = mount + display, mount + exhibition, put on + display, put on + exhibition.* participante en la exposición comercial = exhibitor.* sala de exposiciones = exhibition room, exhibit hall.* sala de exposición y venta = show room [showroom].* salón de exposición y ventas = salesroom [saleroom].* * *1)a) ( acción) exhibition, showingb) (muestra - de cuadros, esculturas) exhibition; (- de productos, maquinaria) show2) (de hechos, razones) statement, exposition (frml); (de tema, teoría) exposition (frml), presentation3) (al aire, sol) exposure; (Fot) exposure* * *= account, display, exhibition, exposition, exposure, show, exhibit, art show, viewing.Ex: In the interests of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.
Ex: Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.Ex: Special rules are includes for specific types of corporate bodies, such as exhibitions, conferences, subordinate and related bodies, governments bodies and officials, and radio and television stations.Ex: Ninety-nine years ago Charles Cutter began his exposition of a set of cataloging rules with the following objectives.Ex: The 1850s also saw the appearance of photolithography, whereby a chemical film spread on the surface of a litho stone or plate was rendered insoluble and water-repellent by exposure to light.Ex: Locate the exhibit catalog for a show of American impressionists held at the Corcoran Gallery in 1985.Ex: Models and displays set up in the salesrooms or as special exhibits are both decorative and interesting.Ex: The library provides a range of services to its community, including homebound service, story hours, film series, literacy tutoring, income tax assistance, art shows, to name a few.Ex: There will be a private viewing for conference-goers of Chicago's Art Institute and a reception at the Newberry Library with culinary delights created by Chef Louis Szathmary.* ajustar la exposición = adjust + exposure.* catálogo de exposición = exhibit catalogue, exhibition catalogue.* celebrar una exposición = hold + exhibition.* claridad de exposición = clarity of exposition.* en exposición = on exhibit, on show, on display.* exposición al sol = sun exposure.* exposición comercial = trade show, trade exhibition.* exposición de arte = art exhibit, art exhibition.* exposición de fotografías = photographic exhibition.* exposición de inauguración = opening exhibition.* exposición de libros = book display.* exposición de los hechos = statement of fact.* exposición de museo = museum exhibit.* exposición de productos artesanales = craft show.* exposiciones de fotografía = salon photography.* exposición fotográfica = photographic exhibition, photo gallery.* exposición indecente = indecent exposure.* exposición itinerante = travelling exhibition.* inauguración de la exposición = exhibition opening.* industria de las exposiciones comerciales = trade show industry.* montar una exposición = mount + display, mount + exhibition, put on + display, put on + exhibition.* participante en la exposición comercial = exhibitor.* sala de exposiciones = exhibition room, exhibit hall.* sala de exposición y venta = show room [showroom].* salón de exposición y ventas = salesroom [saleroom].* * *A1 (acción) exhibition, showing2 (muestra — de cuadros, esculturas) exhibition; (— de productos, maquinaria) showuna exposición de flores a flower showuna exposición itinerante a traveling exhibitionCompuestos:dog showtrade fairtrade fairworld fairB (de hechos, razones) statement, setting out, exposition ( frml); (de un tema, una teoría) exposition ( frml), presentationhizo una exposición detallada de lo ocurrido she gave a detailed account of what had happenedC1 (al aire, sol) exposure2 ( Fot) exposure* * *
exposición sustantivo femenino
1
(— de productos, maquinaria) show
2 (de hechos, razones) statement;
(de tema, teoría) presentation
3 (al aire, sol) exposure;
(Fot) exposure
exposición sustantivo femenino
1 Arte exhibition
exposición universal, world fair
2 (de un argumento, proyecto) account: me hizo una breve exposición de lo que había pasado, he gave a short account of what happened
3 Fot exposure
' exposición' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
caseta
- desarrollo
- discurso
- granada
- granado
- pabellón
- planteamiento
- salón
- sede
- albergar
- alegato
- auspiciar
- circuito
- concurrido
- conjunto
- didáctico
- feria
- inaugurar
- informe
- montar
- muestra
- panel
- relación
- surrealista
- urna
English:
auspice
- display
- draw
- exhibit
- exhibition
- exposition
- exposure
- opening
- show
- showroom
- stand
- statement
- dog
- on
- retrospective
- sales
- speed
* * *exposición nf1. [de arte] exhibition;[de objetos en vitrina] display; [de máquinas, aparatos, herramientas] show, fair;una exposición de flores a flower show;una exposición canina a dog showexposición universal international exposition o exhibition, US world's fair2. [de teoría] exposition;[de tema] presentation; [de ideas, propuesta] setting out, explanation; [de argumentos, razones] setting out, statement;ofreció una detallada exposición de los hechos she gave a detailed account of the events3. [al sol, calor, radiaciones] exposure4. Fot exposure5. Mús exposition* * *f exhibition* * *exposición nf, pl - ciones1) exhibición: exposition, exhibition2) : exposure3) : presentation, statement* * *1. (de arte) exhibition2. (de productos) show -
92 separar
v.1 to separate.las hojas se han pegado y no las puedo separar the pages have stuck together and I can't separate them o get them apartson muchas las cosas que nos separan there are many differences between usMaría separó las galletas Mary separated the cookies.2 to move away.separa un poco las sillas move the chairs apart a bit3 to put aside.4 to split, to draw apart, to pull away, to pull apart.El adulterio separa a las parejas Adultery splits couples.5 to set apart, to put away.6 to abduce.* * *1 (gen) to separate2 (hacer grupos) to separate, sort out3 (guardar aparte) to set aside, put aside4 (apartar) to move away (de, from)5 (de empleo, cargo) to remove (de, from), dismiss (de, from)6 figurado (mantener alejado) to keep away (de, from)1 (tomar diferente camino) to separate, part company2 (matrimonio) to separate3 (apartarse) to move away (de, from)4 (desprenderse) to separate (de, from), come off (de, -)5 (de amigo etc) to part company (de, with)6 separarse de (dejar algo) to part with* * *verb1) to separate2) divide•* * *1. VT1) (=apartar) to separatela maestra nos separó para que no habláramos — the teacher split us up o separated us so that we wouldn't talk
si no los llegan a separar se matan — if no one had pulled them apart o separated them, they would have killed each other
separar algn/algo de algn/algo — to separate sb/sth from sb/sth
al nacer los separaron de sus padres — they were taken (away) o separated from their parents at birth
los separaron del resto de los pasajeros — they were split up o separated from the rest of the passengers
2) (=distanciar)éramos buenos amigos, pero la política nos separó — we were good friends but politics came between us
3) (=existir entre)el abismo que separa a los ricos de los pobres — the gulf between o separating (the) rich and (the) poor
4) (=deslindar)unas barreras de protección separaban el escenario de la plaza — there were crash barriers separating the stage from the rest of the square
la frontera que separa realidad y ficción — the dividing line between reality and fiction, the line that separates reality from o and fiction
5) (=dividir) to divide6) (=poner aparte)¿me puedes separar un poco de tarta? — can you put aside some cake for me?
7) (=destituir) [de un cargo] to remove, dismissser separado del servicio — (Mil) to be discharged
2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) (apartar, alejar) to separate; < boxeadores> to separate, partno se aconseja separar a la madre de su ternero — it is not advisable to take the calf away from its mother
b) ( dividir un todo) to divide2)a) ( deslindar) to separate, divideb) ( despegar)3) (frml) ( destituir) to dismiss (frml)2.fue separado de su cargo/sus funciones — he was removed from office/relieved of his duties (frml)
separarse v prona) matrimonio to separatese separaron hace un mes — they separated o split up a month ago
b) (apartarse, alejarse) to split upno se separen, que los pequeños se pueden perder — please stay together in case the children get lost
separarse DE algo/alguien: esta niña no se separa del televisor this child is always glued to the television; no me he separado nunca de mis hijos I've never been away o apart from my children; no se separen de su equipaje — do not leave your luggage unattended
c) (guardar, reservar) to put o set aside* * *= carry off, cut off, detach, put by, segregate, separate, sift, screen out, tell out into, sort out + Nombre + from + Nombre, drive + a wedge between, hive off, disaggregate, sever, prise + Nombre + apart, unbundle, spread out, sift out, cleave, tease apart, balkanize, sunder, decouple, strip off, splay.Ex. The 'sweated' rags were pounded to a pulp (or stuff) by water-powered hammers, impurities being carried off through filters by running water.Ex. The stages are not cut off from one another, are not sharply defined.Ex. The words from the deleted abstract in the abstract word file will be detached when DOBIS/LIBIS is not busy with other work.Ex. The raw material of white paper was undyed linen -- or in very early days hempen -- rags, which the paper-maker bought in bulk, sorted and washed, and then put by in a damp heap for four or five days to rot.Ex. In summary, the advantages of the electronic catalog is the ability to segregate the fast searches from the slowest.Ex. The description of the component part is separated from that of the host document by a double slash.Ex. Thus many non-relevant documents have been retrieved and examined in the process of sifting relevant and non-relevant documents.Ex. Most journals rely for a substantial part of their income on advertisements; how would advertisers view the prospect of being selectively screened out by readers?.Ex. The finished paper was sorted for imperfections and told out into quires and reams for sale.Ex. Ward's study is likely to remain a standard reference source for years to come, but trying to sort out the generalities from the particularities is a very difficult business.Ex. While the current problems associated with serial economics have driven a wedge between vendors, librarians and publishers, they should be cooperating and communicating in order to withstand the information explosion.Ex. Non-fiction is normally shelved according to the Dewey decimal system with perhaps a major category such as autobiography and biography hived off as a completely separate ad hoc classification.Ex. Outcomes can be disaggregated along age, class, ethnic, racial, & gender dimensions.Ex. This art is is mass produced, often mechanically, and thus severed from tradition.Ex. The symbiotic relationship between scholarly discourse and scholarly publication that has existed for 3 centuries is being prised apart by new technology.Ex. It is recommended that CD-ROM producers unbundle the retrieval software from the data.Ex. For instance, in reproduction of Renoir's work under the subject IMPRESSIONISM, Renoir's works would not stand together in the catalog but be spread out according to their titles.Ex. Whichever he chooses he will still have to sift out and categorize the numerous errors that disfigure all the early texts of the play.Ex. Ethnic and racial differences cleaved the American working class.Ex. The author and his colleagues embarked on a series of studies to tease apart hereditary and environmental factors thought to be implicated in schizophrenia.Ex. The scholarly system has become balkanized into autonomous, even antagonistic, cultures or camps based on differing technological competencies and interests.Ex. Both novels tell essentially the same story, that of a woman sundered from her high estate and her betrothed.Ex. The physical library will probably become less viable over time and so it is important to decouple the information professional from the library unit.Ex. They gathered a whole sackful, stripped off the husks, and filled the sack again.Ex. Walk your feet up the wall, then take the belt and place it on your upper arms right above your elbows to keep your arms from splaying.----* Hasta que la muerte nos separe = Till death do us part.* que se puede separar = detachable.* separar aun más = widen + the gap between... and.* separar con una cortina = curtain off.* separar de = wean from, isolate from, divide from, wean away from.* separar el grano de la paja = divide into + Adjetivo + sheep and + Adjetivo + goats, sort the + Adjetivo + sheep from the + Adjetivo + goats, separate + the wheat from the chaff, sort out + the wheat from the chaff, sift + the wheat from the chaff.* separar haciendo palanca = pry + Nombre + out, prise + Nombre + out.* separar la realidad de la ficción = distinguish + fact from fiction.* separar las manos = spread out + hands.* separar + Nombre + de + Nombre = discern + Nombre + from + Nombre.* separarse = drift apart, part, divorce, go (our/their) separate ways, fork.* separarse (de) = become + parted from, move away from, turn away from, secede (from).* separarse descendiendo = droop away from.* separar una pelea = break up + fight, break up + fight.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) (apartar, alejar) to separate; < boxeadores> to separate, partno se aconseja separar a la madre de su ternero — it is not advisable to take the calf away from its mother
b) ( dividir un todo) to divide2)a) ( deslindar) to separate, divideb) ( despegar)3) (frml) ( destituir) to dismiss (frml)2.fue separado de su cargo/sus funciones — he was removed from office/relieved of his duties (frml)
separarse v prona) matrimonio to separatese separaron hace un mes — they separated o split up a month ago
b) (apartarse, alejarse) to split upno se separen, que los pequeños se pueden perder — please stay together in case the children get lost
separarse DE algo/alguien: esta niña no se separa del televisor this child is always glued to the television; no me he separado nunca de mis hijos I've never been away o apart from my children; no se separen de su equipaje — do not leave your luggage unattended
c) (guardar, reservar) to put o set aside* * *= carry off, cut off, detach, put by, segregate, separate, sift, screen out, tell out into, sort out + Nombre + from + Nombre, drive + a wedge between, hive off, disaggregate, sever, prise + Nombre + apart, unbundle, spread out, sift out, cleave, tease apart, balkanize, sunder, decouple, strip off, splay.Ex: The 'sweated' rags were pounded to a pulp (or stuff) by water-powered hammers, impurities being carried off through filters by running water.
Ex: The stages are not cut off from one another, are not sharply defined.Ex: The words from the deleted abstract in the abstract word file will be detached when DOBIS/LIBIS is not busy with other work.Ex: The raw material of white paper was undyed linen -- or in very early days hempen -- rags, which the paper-maker bought in bulk, sorted and washed, and then put by in a damp heap for four or five days to rot.Ex: In summary, the advantages of the electronic catalog is the ability to segregate the fast searches from the slowest.Ex: The description of the component part is separated from that of the host document by a double slash.Ex: Thus many non-relevant documents have been retrieved and examined in the process of sifting relevant and non-relevant documents.Ex: Most journals rely for a substantial part of their income on advertisements; how would advertisers view the prospect of being selectively screened out by readers?.Ex: The finished paper was sorted for imperfections and told out into quires and reams for sale.Ex: Ward's study is likely to remain a standard reference source for years to come, but trying to sort out the generalities from the particularities is a very difficult business.Ex: While the current problems associated with serial economics have driven a wedge between vendors, librarians and publishers, they should be cooperating and communicating in order to withstand the information explosion.Ex: Non-fiction is normally shelved according to the Dewey decimal system with perhaps a major category such as autobiography and biography hived off as a completely separate ad hoc classification.Ex: Outcomes can be disaggregated along age, class, ethnic, racial, & gender dimensions.Ex: This art is is mass produced, often mechanically, and thus severed from tradition.Ex: The symbiotic relationship between scholarly discourse and scholarly publication that has existed for 3 centuries is being prised apart by new technology.Ex: It is recommended that CD-ROM producers unbundle the retrieval software from the data.Ex: For instance, in reproduction of Renoir's work under the subject IMPRESSIONISM, Renoir's works would not stand together in the catalog but be spread out according to their titles.Ex: Whichever he chooses he will still have to sift out and categorize the numerous errors that disfigure all the early texts of the play.Ex: Ethnic and racial differences cleaved the American working class.Ex: The author and his colleagues embarked on a series of studies to tease apart hereditary and environmental factors thought to be implicated in schizophrenia.Ex: The scholarly system has become balkanized into autonomous, even antagonistic, cultures or camps based on differing technological competencies and interests.Ex: Both novels tell essentially the same story, that of a woman sundered from her high estate and her betrothed.Ex: The physical library will probably become less viable over time and so it is important to decouple the information professional from the library unit.Ex: They gathered a whole sackful, stripped off the husks, and filled the sack again.Ex: Walk your feet up the wall, then take the belt and place it on your upper arms right above your elbows to keep your arms from splaying.* Hasta que la muerte nos separe = Till death do us part.* que se puede separar = detachable.* separar aun más = widen + the gap between... and.* separar con una cortina = curtain off.* separar de = wean from, isolate from, divide from, wean away from.* separar el grano de la paja = divide into + Adjetivo + sheep and + Adjetivo + goats, sort the + Adjetivo + sheep from the + Adjetivo + goats, separate + the wheat from the chaff, sort out + the wheat from the chaff, sift + the wheat from the chaff.* separar haciendo palanca = pry + Nombre + out, prise + Nombre + out.* separar la realidad de la ficción = distinguish + fact from fiction.* separar las manos = spread out + hands.* separar + Nombre + de + Nombre = discern + Nombre + from + Nombre.* separarse = drift apart, part, divorce, go (our/their) separate ways, fork.* separarse (de) = become + parted from, move away from, turn away from, secede (from).* separarse descendiendo = droop away from.* separar una pelea = break up + fight, break up + fight.* * *separar [A1 ]vtA1 (apartar, alejar) to separatedos transeúntes intentaron separarlos two passersby tried to separate o part themha hecho todo lo posible por separarnos he has done everything he can to split us uplas consonantes dobles no se separan en español in Spanish, double consonants should not be split upla maestra las separó porque charlaban mucho the teacher separated them o split them up because they were talking so muchsepara la cama de la pared move the bed away from the wallno se aconseja separar a la madre de su ternero it is not advisable to take the calf away from its motherseparar la yema de la clara separate the white from the yolkseparar los machos de las hembras to separate the males from the females2 (dividir un todo) to divideseparar las palabras en sílabas divide the words into syllablesla guerra separó a muchas familias the war divided many families3 (guardar, reservar) to put o set asidesepárame un trocito para Pablo, que va a venir más tarde can you put o set aside a slice for Pablo, he'll be coming latersepara la ropa que llevarás puesta put the clothes you're going to wear on one sideB1 (deslindar) to separate, divideuna valla separa a los hinchas de los dos equipos there is a fence separating the fans of the two teamslos separan profundas diferencias they are divided by deepseated differencesseparar algo DE algo to separate sth FROM sthlos Andes separan Argentina de Chile the Andes separate Argentina from Chile2(despegar): no puedo separar estas dos fotos I can't get these two photographs apartsepara las lonchas de jamón separate the slices of hamno separe la etiqueta antes de rellenarla do not remove o detach the label before filling it infue separado de su cargo/sus funciones he was removed from office/relieved of his duties ( frml)separar del servicio ( Mil) to discharge1 «matrimonio» to separatese separaron tras diez años de matrimonio they separated o split up after ten years of marriagees hijo de padres separados his parents are separatedsepararse DE algn to separate FROM sbse separó de su marido en octubre she separated from her husband in October2 (alejarse, apartarse) to split upa mitad de camino nos separamos we split up half waylos socios se separaron en 1996 they dissolved their partnership in 1996 ( frml), the partners split up in 1996no se separen, que los pequeños se pueden perder please don't split up o divide up o please stay together in case the children get lostsepararse DE algo/algn:esta niña no se separa del televisor this child is always glued to the televisionno me he separado nunca de mis hijos I've never been away o apart from my childrenno se separen de su equipaje do not leave your luggage unattended* * *
separar ( conjugate separar) verbo transitivo
1
separa la cama de la pared move the bed away from the wall
c) (guardar, reservar) to put o set aside
2
b) ( despegar):
separarse verbo pronominal
separarse DE algn to separate from sb
c) (apartarse, alejarse):◊ no se separen, que los pequeños se pueden perder please stay together in case the children get lost;
no me he separado nunca de mis hijos I've never been away o apart from my children
separar verbo transitivo
1 (aumentar la distancia física) to move apart
2 (poner aparte) to separate: separa las rosas de los claveles, separate the roses from the carnations
3 (reservar) to save
4 (algo pegado, grapado) to detach
5 (distanciar, disgregar) to divide
' separar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abrir
- desgajar
- desunir
- paja
- quitar
- segregar
- aislar
- apartar
- cortar
- desmontar
- desprender
English:
detach
- divide
- divorce
- fence off
- part
- peel off
- prise
- pull apart
- screen off
- separate
- sort out
- space
- split up
- twist off
- wall off
- fence
- pull
- screen
- sort
- splay
- split
- wall
* * *♦ vt1. [alejar, dividir, aislar] to separate (de from);lo han separado de sus hijos they've taken his children away from him;tuvo que venir la policía para separarlos the police had to be called to break them up o separate them;el muro que separa los dos campos the wall separating o that separates the two fields;separar algo en grupos/partes iguales to divide sth into groups/equal parts;son muchas las cosas que nos separan there are many differences between us;quiere separar su vida privada de su vida pública she wants to keep her private life separate from her public life2. [apartar, dejar espacio entre] to move away (de from);separe el cuerpo del volante keep your body away from the steering wheel;separa un poco las sillas move the chairs apart a bit;separa bien las piernas open your legs wide3. [desunir, quitar]las hojas se han pegado y no las puedo separar the pages have stuck together and I can't separate them o get them apart;separe la carne del caldo remove the meat from the stock;no separaba los ojos del reloj she never took her eyes off the clock4. [reservar] to put asidefue separado del cargo he was removed (from his post), he was dismissed (from his job);separaron al coronel del servicio the colonel was removed from active service* * *v/t separate* * *separar vt1) : to separate, to divide2) : to split up, to pull apart♦ separarse vr* * *separar vb1. (en general) to separate2. (apartar) to move away -
93 bond
n бірж. облігація; a облігаційнийдовгострокове боргове зобов'язання з фіксованою відсотковою ставкою, сума якої виплачується через рівні проміжки часу, поки облігація належить кредитору (creditor); ♦ облігація є видом цінних паперів (securities), що видаються підприємством, державною установою або приватною організацією на підставі встановленої юридичної процедури═════════■═════════active bond облігація з фіксованою відсотковою ставкою; adjustment bonds облігації, які випускаються для зміни структури основного капіталу • реорганізовані облігації; annuity bond рентна облігація; arbitrage bond арбітражна облігація; assumed bond облігація, яка випускається однією компанією і гарантується іншою; baby bond дрібна облігація • облігація з низьким номіналом; bearer bond облігація на пред'явника • облігація на подавця; benchmark government bonds базові урядові облігації; blanket bond бланкова облігація; book-entry bonds балансові облігації; callable bond облігація з правом дострокової сплати; called bond облігація, яка пред'явлена до сплати; collateral bond облігація, яка забезпечена іншими цінними паперами; collateral mortgage bond облігація, яка забезпечена заставою • облігація, яка забезпечена іншими цінними паперами під заставу нерухомості; collateral trust bond облігація, яка забезпечена цінними паперами інших компаній; consolidated bond консолідований цінний папір; consolidated mortgage bonds облігації, які забезпечені сукупною заставою; continued bond облігація, яка не сплачена у визначений термін і продовжена на наступний період; convertible bond оборотна облігація • конвертована облігація; corporate bonds облігації компаній; coupon bond облігація на пред'явника; currency bond облігація, яка виплачується будь-якими видами законних платіжних засобів • облігація, яка випускається і сплачується у валюті іншої країни; cushion bonds облігації з високою купонною ставкою і помірною премією під час продажу; debenture bond облігація, яка не має спеціального забезпечення • сертифікат митниці для зворотного одержання імпортного мита; defaulted bond облігація, яка не сплачена в строк; deferred bond облігація з відстроченим платежем; definitive bond постійна облігація корпорації; detachable bond облігація з відривним сертифікатом; discount bond дисконтна облігація • облігація, при якій відсоток оплачується по закінченні терміну разом зі сплатою основного боргу; divisional bond облігація, яка забезпечена заставною на частину майна компанії; dual currency bonds дво-валютні облігації; equipment bond облігація, яка забезпечена рухомим майном; escrow bond облігація, яку зберігає довірена особа; exchequer bond облігація державної скарбниці; extended bond облігація, яка не сплачена у визначені строки і продовжена на наступний період; external bond закордонна облігація; farm loan bonds облігації, які випускаються федеральними земельними банками під заставу земельних ділянок; first lien bond облігація, яка забезпечена пріоритетною заставною; first mortgage bond облігація, яка забезпечена першою заставною; flat-income bond облігація, ціна якої включає визначену суму несплачених відсотків; floating rate bond облігація із гнучкою ставкою; foreign bond закордонна облігація; foreign currency bond облігація, яка виплачується будь-якими видами законних платіжних засобів • облігація, яка випускається і сплачується у валюті іншої країни; full-coupon bond облігація з повним купоном; general mortgage bond облігація, забезпечена пріоритетною заставною • облігація, забезпечена заставною на всю власність корпорації; gold bond облігація, сплачувана золотом; government bonds державні облігації • урядові облігації • державні цінні папери; guaranteed bonds гарантовані облігації; high yield bond облігація з високим доходом; income bonds облігації, за якими відсотки сплачуються лише за наявності прибутків компанії • прибуткові облігації; indexed bond індексована облігація; indorsed bond облігація, випущена однією компанією і гарантована іншою; industrial bond облігація промислової компанії; industrial development bond (IDB) облігація промислової компанії, забезпечена доходом; industrial revenue bond облігація промислової компанії, забезпечена доходом; instalment bond рентна облігація; interchangeable bond облігація з правом заміни на зобов'язання іншого типу; interest bearing bond облігація, виручка від продажу якої використовується для виплати відсотків за іншими облігаціями; interim bond тимчасова облігація; investment grade bonds облігації інвестиційного класу; irredemable bond облігація без права дострокової сплати; joint(-and-several) bond облігація, гарантована двома або більшим числом поручителів; junior(-lien) bond облігація без переважного права вимоги на майно компанії; junk bonds облігація з високим ступенем ризику; lien bonds облігації із заставою нерухомості; long-dated bond державна облігація терміном понад 15 років; long-term bond державна облігація терміном понад 15 років; lottery bond лотерейна облігація; matured bond облігація до сплати; medium-dated bond державна облігація терміном від 5 до 15 років; medium-term bond державна облігація терміном від 5 до 15 років; mortgage bonds облігації, забезпечені заставою нерухомості; mortgage revenue bond прибуткові облігації, забезпечені заставною під нерухомість; municipal bonds муніципальні облігації; naked bond незабезпечена облігація; noncallable bond облігація без права дострокової сплати; optional bond облігація з правом дострокової сплати; outstanding bond випущена облігація • несплачена облігація; overlying bond облігація без переважного права вимоги на майно компанії; participating bond облігація з правом на участь у прибутках компанії; passive bond безвідсоткова облігація; perpetual bond облігація без кінцевого терміну сплати • рентна облігація; plain bond облігація без спеціального забезпечення; preference bond облігація з першочерговою виплатою відсотків і першочерговою сплатою; premium bond преміальна облігація; prior lien bond облігація, забезпечена пріоритетною заставною; privilege bond облігація з правом конверсії; profit sharing bond облігація з правом на участь у прибутках компанії; public bond облігація, випущена урядом або іншим органом державної влади; purchasing power bonds облігації, що зберігають свою купівельну спроможність (в умовах інфляції); qualified redevelopment bonds пільгові облігації для поновлення економіки; redeemable bond облігація з правом дострокової сплати; refunding bond облігація, випущена для рефінансування • облігація, випущена для сплати попередніх облігацій; registered bonds зареєстровані облігації • іменні облігації; reorganization bonds облігації, випущені для зміни структури позичкового капіталу; revenue bonds прибуткові облігації, забезпечені доходами від об'єкта; savings bond ощадна облігація; second mortgage bond облігація, забезпечена другою заставною; secured bonds забезпечені облігації • заставні облігації; senior bond облігація з переважним правом вимоги; serial bonds облігації, випущені серіями із різними термінами сплати; short bond короткострокова облігація; short-dated bond державна облігація терміном до 5 років; short-term bond державна облігація терміном до 5 років; sinking-fund bonds облігації, що передбачають утворення викупного фонду • облігації з викупним фондом; special assessment bond муніципальна облігація спеціального призначення; split-coupon bond неіменна облігація з купоном із двох частин; stamped bond облігація зі штампом; state bond урядова облігація • облігація, випущена урядом штату; straight bond звичайна облігація; straw bond знецінене боргове зобов'язання; stripped bond облігація, з якої вилучені купони; T-bonds облігації державної скарбниці; tax-exempt bond облігація, дохід якої не оподатковується; term bonds строкові облігації; treasury bonds облігації державної скарбниці; underlying bond облігація, забезпечена пріоритетною заставною; unified bond консолідований цінний папір; unredeemed bonds невикуплені облігації; unsecured bonds незабезпечені облігації • беззаставні облігації; voting bonds облігації з правом голосу; zero-coupon bonds облігації з нульовим купоном═════════□═════════bond auction аукціон з продажу облігацій; bond certificate сертифікат облігації; bond coupon купон облігації; bond debt борг за облігацією; bond dividend облігаційний дивіденд; bond drawn for early redemption облігація з фіксованою ставкою для швидкої виплати; bond from bulk issue облігація масового випуску; bond holder власник облігацій; bond interest облігаційний відсоток; bond issue випуск облігацій; bond issued at par облігація за номіналом; bond issuing institution установа-емітент облігацій; bond market ринок облігацій • ринок цінних паперів з фіксованим відсотковим прибутком; bond of restricted negotiability облігація обмеженого обігу; bond price курс облігацій; bond price index курсовий індекс облігацій; bond purchase купівля облігацій; bond quotation курс облігацій; bond redeemed at a premium облігація, сплачена вище від номіналу; bond redemption сплачення облігації; bond register журнал реєстрації операцій з облігаціями; bond series серія облігації; bond sold on tap облігація відкритої серії; bond s redeemable by installments облігації з правом дострокового сплачення часткової виплати; bond subscription підписка на облігації; bond yield прибуток від облігацій • відсоток з облігацій; to call bonds оголошувати/оголосити сплачення облігацій; to draw bonds for redemption сплачувати/сплатити облігації; to issue bonds випускати/випустити облігації; to pay off bonds сплачувати/сплатити облігації; to pay off bonds at maturity сплачувати/сплатити облігації у визначений термін; to redeem bonds сплачувати/сплатити облігації; to register bonds реєструвати облігації; to secure bonds забезпечувати/забезпечити облігаціїbond ‡ securities (391)═════════◇═════════облігація < лат. obligatio — зобов'язання* * *облігація; борговой інструмент; гарантійний фонд; боргове зобов'язання; митне зобов'язання; застава -
94 budget
(bdgt)n фін., бухг. бюджет; кошторис; план координації ресурсів; a бюджетний; кошториснийплан майбутнього фінансування діяльності підприємства, організації, установи і т. ін., в якому передбачаються їхні доходи (income¹) і видатки (expenditure²) на певний період часу; ♦ бувають різні види бюджетів: касовий (cash budget:: cash-flow budget:: cash-flow forecast), в якому відтворюються надходження та витрати готівкою; фінансовий (financial budget), в якому відтворюються капітальні витрати (capital expenditure) та готівкові надходження і витрати, що спільно з бюджетом поточних витрат (operational budget) становлять загальний фінансовий бюджет (master budget:: comprehensive budget), і т. ін.═════════■═════════ad budget бюджет реклами • кошторис витрат на рекламу; administrative budget адміністративний фінансовий кошторис; advertising budget рекламний бюджет • кошторис асигнування на рекламу • кошторис витрат на рекламу; advertising and promotion budget кошторис витрат на рекламу і просування; annual budget річний бюджет; approved budget схвалений бюджет; average budget середній бюджет; balanced budget збалансований бюджет; capital budget; capital assets budget бюджет капіталовкладень • бюджет основного капіталу • кошторис основних грошових засобів; capital expenditure budget; cash budget; cash flow budget; complete budget загальний фінансовий кошторис • загальний сукупний фінансовий бюджет; comprehensive budget; consolidated budget консолідований бюджет • зведений бюджет; consumer budget споживацький бюджет; continuous budget; current budget поточні статті доходів і видатків бюджету; defense budget асигнування на оборону • державні витрати на військові потреби; deficit-free budget бездефіцитний бюджет; department budget бюджет департаменту • бюджет відділу • фінансовий кошторис міністерства • фінансовий кошторис установи • цеховий кошторис • цеховий фінансовий план; direct labour budget кошторис прямих витрат на оплату робочої сили • кошторис прямих витрат на оплату праці; direct materials budget кошторис прямих витрат на основні матеріали; double budget подвійний бюджет; draft budget проект бюджету; expense budget кошторис витрат; extraordinary budget незвичайний бюджет; factory overhead budget кошторис загальнофабричних накладних витрат; family budget родинний бюджет • сімейний бюджет; federal budget федеральний бюджет; financial budget; fixed budget твердий кошторис; fixed assets budget бюджет капіталовкладень • бюджет основного капіталу • кошторис основних грошових засобів; flexible budget гнучка виробнича програма-кошторис • гнучкий кошторис • гнучкий план; forecast budget кошторисні пропозиції • перспективний кошторис; government budget державний бюджет; household budget бюджет домогосподарства; labour budget кошторис по праці; local budget місцевий бюджет; long-range budget довгостроковий план; manpower budget перспективний план підготовки і використання робочої сили; manufacturing overhead budget кошторис фабрично-заводських накладних витрат • кошторис цехових накладних витрат; marketing budget бюджет маркетингу • кошторис витрат на маркетинг; master budget; materials budget кошторис витрат на придбання матеріалів; mini budget міні-бюджет; multiple budget багатоступеневий план • перспективний ковзний бюджет; municipal budget муніципальний бюджет; national budget державний бюджет; national advertising budget кошторис на загальнонаціональну рекламу • загальнонаціональні витрати на рекламу; national income accounts budget бюджет, обрахований за статистикою національного доходу; nation's economic budget економічний бюджет країни; operating budget; ordinary budget звичайний бюджет; overhead budget кошторис накладних витрат • кошторис накладних видатків • фінансовий план накладних витрат; partial budget частковий фінансовий кошторис; performance budget функціональний кошторис • функціональний фінансовий кошторис; perpetual budget; physical budget кошторис, упорядкований за стандартом • кошторис в натуральних одиницях • кошторис в натуральному обрахуванні; production budget виробничий план; program budget кошторис витрат цільового призначення • кошторис фінансування програми • кошторис цільової програми; project budget кошторис витрат на проект; promotion budget кошторис витрат на стимулювання попиту • сума асигнувань на стимулювання попиту; proposed budget пропонований бюджет; publicity budget кошторис представницьких витрат • кошторис витрат на популяризацію; purchase budget кошторис витрат на закупівлю • кошторис витрат на придбання; regulatory budget бюджет діяльності федерального уряду на регулювання економіки; research budget кошторис асигнувань на дослідження; rolling forward budget; sales budget програма збуту • план збуту • бюджет на збут; sales promotion budget кошторис витрат на стимулювання збуту; single-service budget бюджет, який передбачає один вид асигнувань; sliding-scale budget гнучка програма-кошторис • гнучка виробнича програма-кошторис • гнучкий кошторис • гнучкий план; state budget державний бюджет • бюджет штату • бюджет регіону; static budget твердий план • фіксований кошторис; step budget багатоступеневий державний бюджет; supplementary budget додатковий бюджет; supporting budget допоміжний кошторис; surplus budget бюджет, в якому доходи перевищують видатки; tight budget напружений бюджет; total budget загальний бюджет • генеральний бюджет; training budget кошторис на навчання; transitional budget перехідний бюджет; travel budget кошторис на відрядження; unbalanced budget незбалансований бюджет; unified budget уніфікований бюджет; variable budget гнучкий кошторис • гнучкий план; voted budget затверджений бюджет; zero base budget бюджет на нульовій основі═════════□═════════budget account бюджетний рахунок • рахунок споживацького кредиту • родинний рахунок; budget assumption бюджетна передумова; budget ceiling максимальний розмір бюджету; budget constraint бюджетне обмеження • обмеження на величину капіталовкладень; budget contribution відрахування в бюджет; budget control кошторисна методика контролю; budget controller бюджетний контролер; budget costs бюджетні витрати; budget cutback зменшення бюджету; budget deficit дефіцит бюджету • перевищення урядових видатків над доходами • бюджетний дефіцит; budget department бюджетний відділ; budget division бюджетний відділ; budget estimate оцінка бюджету • підрахунок бюджету; budget estimates бюджетні припущення; budget evaluation обрахування бюджету; budget line рядок бюджету • курс бюджету; budget management контроль і регулювання бюджету; budget manager керівник бюджетного відділу; budget of expenditure кошторис витрат; budget of profit and loss кошторис прибутків і збитків; budget of volume and expenditure виробнича програма і кошторис витрат • план виробництва і витрат; budget on accruals basis бюджет на основі нагромаджень; budget proposal бюджетна пропозиція; budget restraint межа споживчого бюджету; budget set множина можливостей споживача; budget simulation моделювання бюджету; budget statement проект бюджету; budget surplus бюджетний надлишок • перевищення доходів над витратами • актив бюджету; to approve the budget затверджувати/затвердити бюджет • ухвалювати/ухвалити бюджет; to balance the budget збалансувати бюджет • ліквідувати дефіцит бюджету; to bring in the budget подавати/подати бюджет • подавати/подати на розгляд проект бюджету; to cut the budget зменшувати/зменшити бюджет; to decrease the budget зменшувати/зменшити бюджет; to do a budget готувати/підготувати бюджет; to draw up the budget укладати/укласти бюджет • готувати/підготувати бюджет; to increase the budget збільшувати/збільшити бюджет; to pass the budget затверджувати/затвердити бюджет; to plan a budget укладати/укласти план бюджету; to prepare the budget готувати/підготувати бюджет; to present the budget подавати/подати проект бюджету на розгляд; to reduce a budget зменшувати/зменшити бюджет; to set a budget визначати/визначити розмір бюджету; to submit the budget представляти/представити бюджет • подавати/подати на розгляд проект бюджету═════════◇═════════бюджет < фр. budget < англ. budget — мішок скарбника < лат. bulga — шкіряний мішок; у середньовічній Англії скарбник зі шкіряним мішком, наповненим грішми, ставав перед парламентом і виголошував фінансову промову (ЕС-СУМ 1: 191; ЕСУМ 1: 315); кошторис < польс. kosztorys, koszt — витрати, вартість, кошт і rys — риса, нарис (ЕСУМ 3:69)* * *1.бюджет; кошторис; фінансовий кошторис; план щодо витрат; плановані витрати; план щодо витрат і доходів; кошторис витрат і доходів2. v.асигнувати; передбачати у бюджеті; виділяти кошти ( на що-небудь); розробляти кошторис; виділяти фонди під статтю витрат -
95 derive
[dɪ'raɪv] 1.verbo transitivo trarre [benefit, satisfaction]; ricavare [ income]2.to be derived from — [name, word] derivare da; [ vitamin] essere un derivato di; [ data] provenire da
to derive from — [power, idea, custom] provenire da; [ word] derivare da
* * *1. verb( with from)1) (to come or develop from: The word `derives' is derived from an old French word.) derivare da2) (to draw or take from (a source or origin): We derive comfort from his presence.) trarre da•- derivative 2. noun(a word, substance etc formed from another word, substance etc: `Reader' is a derivative of `read'.) derivato, derivativo* * *[dɪ'raɪv] 1.verbo transitivo trarre [benefit, satisfaction]; ricavare [ income]2.to be derived from — [name, word] derivare da; [ vitamin] essere un derivato di; [ data] provenire da
to derive from — [power, idea, custom] provenire da; [ word] derivare da
-
96 bring
bring [brɪŋ](preterite, past participle brought) transitive verba. [+ person, animal, vehicle, peace] amener ; [+ object, news, information] apporter• to bring sb up/down faire monter/faire descendre qn (avec soi)• to bring sth up/down monter/descendre qchb. ( = cause) [+ problems] créer• to bring sth (up)on o.s. s'attirer qch• to bring sth to a close or an end mettre fin à qch• to bring sth into question ( = throw doubt on) remettre qch en questionc. ► to bring o.s. to do sth• can I bring a friend along? est-ce que je peux amener un ami ?► bring back separable transitive verbb. ( = call to mind) rappelera. [+ plane] faire atterrir ; ( = shoot down) [+ animal, bird, plane] abattreb. [+ dictator, government] faire tomber ; [+ temperature, prices, cost of living] faire baisserb. ( = advance time of) avancera. [+ person] faire entrer ; [+ object, harvest] rentrerb. [+ custom, legislation] introduire ; [+ expert, army] faire appel àc. [+ income] rapporterd. to bring in a verdict [jury] rendre un verdict[+ plan, deal] mener à bien( = cause) [+ illness, quarrel] provoquerb. [+ book] faire paraître ; [+ new product] lancerb. [+ unconscious person] ranimerc. ( = convert) gagner (to à)a. ( = put in touch) [+ people] mettre en contactb. ( = end quarrel between) réconcilierc. [+ facts, documents] rassemblera. [+ person] faire monter ; [+ object] monterb. [+ child] élever• well/badly brought-up child enfant m bien/mal élevéc. ( = vomit) vomird. [+ fact, allegation, problem] mentionner ; [+ question] soulever* * *[brɪŋ] 1.(prét, pp brought) transitive verb1) (convey, carry) apporterto bring somebody wealth/fame — rendre quelqu'un riche/célèbre
to bring something to — ( contribute) apporter quelque chose à [school, work, area]
to bring something into — faire entrer quelque chose dans [room]; introduire quelque chose dans [conversation]
to bring shame/disgrace on somebody — attirer la honte/le déshonneur sur quelqu'un
to bring something on ou upon oneself — attirer quelque chose
2) ( come with) amener [friend, relative, dog]3) (lead, draw)to bring somebody/a dog into the country — faire entrer or introduire quelqu'un/un chien dans le pays
to bring somebody home — ( transport home) raccompagner quelqu'un, ramener quelqu'un; ( to meet family) amener quelqu'un à la maison
4) Television, Radio5) Law, Administration2.I couldn't bring myself to get up/to tell him — je n'ai pas pu me lever/le lui dire
Phrasal Verbs:- bring in- bring on- bring up -
97 bond
n2) залог, закладная4) облигация
- active bonds
- adjustment bonds
- administration bond
- annuity bond
- arbitrage bond
- assented bonds
- assumed bond
- average bond
- baby bond
- bail bond
- bailout bonds
- bank quality bond
- bear bond
- bearer bond
- benchmark government bonds
- bid bond
- blanket bond
- bottomry bond
- bull and bear bond
- bullet bond
- bunny bond
- callable bond
- called bond
- called away bond
- classified bonds
- collateral bond
- collateral mortgage bond
- collateral trust bond
- collaterized bond
- collateralized floating rate bond
- commodity-backed bond
- commodity-indexed bond
- commodity-linked bond
- consolidated bond
- consolidated mortgage bond
- convertible bond
- corporate bond
- coupon-bearing bond
- currency bond
- cushion bonds
- customs bond
- debenture bond
- deep-discount bond
- defaulted bond
- deferred bond
- definitive bond
- disabled bond
- discount bond
- domestic bond
- double-barrelled bond
- droplock bonds
- dual currency bonds
- due bond
- equipment bond
- equity-linked bonds
- equity-related bonds
- escrow bond
- Exchequer bond
- extended bond
- extendible maturity bond
- external bond
- farm loan bonds
- fidelity bond
- first lien bond
- first mortgage bond
- flat-income bond
- floating rate bond
- flower bond
- foreign bond
- foreign currency bond
- full-coupon bond
- general average bond
- general mortgage bond
- general obligation bonds
- gold bond
- gold-indexed bond
- government bond
- guarantee bond
- guaranteed bond
- high grade bond
- high yield bond
- income bonds
- indemnity bond
- indexed bond
- index-linked bond
- industrial bond
- industrial revenue bond
- instalment bond
- interchangeable bond
- interest bearing bond
- internal bond
- international bonds
- investment bonds
- irredeemable bond
- joint bond
- junior bonds
- junk bonds
- land bond
- life bond
- Lloyd's bottomry bond
- local bond
- local authority bond
- long bond
- long-dated bond
- long-term bond
- lottery bond
- matured bond
- maturing bond
- medium-term bonds
- merchandise bond
- mortgage bond
- multiple currency option bond
- municipal bond
- naked bond
- nominal bond with attached commodity option
- noncallable bond
- nonmarketable bond
- nonmaturing bond
- nonredeemable government bond
- open-end bond
- option bond
- optional bond
- optional payment bond
- order bond
- original issue discount bond
- outstanding bond
- overdue bond
- partial bond
- participating bond
- passive bond
- payable bond
- performance bond
- perpetual bond
- power bond
- preference bond
- premium bonds
- premium savings bonds
- prior-lien bonds
- private activity bonds
- private purposes bond
- profit sharing bond
- property bond
- put bond
- redeemable bond
- redemption bonds
- refunding bonds
- regional bonds
- registered bond
- rescission bond
- respondentia bond
- retractable bond
- revenue bond
- salvage bond
- samurai bond
- savings bond
- second mortgage bond
- secured bond
- senior bond
- serial bonds
- Series E bonds
- Series N bonds
- short bond
- short-dated bond
- short-term bond
- sinking-fund bonds
- state bonds
- stepped rate bond
- straight bond
- straw bond
- stripped bond
- subordinated bonds
- surety bond
- tax bond
- tax-exempt bond
- temporary bond
- term bonds
- top-rated bond
- treasury bonds
- unredeemed bonds
- unsecured bonds
- warehouse bond
- warrant bond
- yankee bond
- yearling bond
- zero coupon bond
- in bond
- out of bond
- call bonds
- draw bonds for redemption
- float new bonds
- issue bonds
- pay off bonds
- pay off bonds at maturity
- place into bond
- process goods in bond
- redeem bonds
- register bonds
- retire bonds
- retire a bond at maturity
- secure bonds
- store in bond
- take in bond
- take out of bond
- trade bonds -
98 bond
-
99 interest
сущ. сокр. Int1)а) фин., банк. процент, процентный доход (доход, получаемый с вложенного капитала и измеряемый как доля от его величины)interest on deposits — процент по депозитам [вкладам]
to bear [carry] interest — приносить процент (о финансовом активе)
The loan will carry interest of LIBOR plus 3.8 percent. — Заем принесет процент по ставке ЛИБОР плюс 3,8%.
See:and interest, after-tax interest, interest coupon, interest in possession trust, interest income, interest period, interest return, interest yield, interest spread, interest warrant, interest-bearing, interest-earning assets, interest-free, interest-only strip, interest-paying, accreted interest, accrued interest, accumulated interest, added interest, annual interest, any-interest-date call, area of interest fund, bearing interest, bearing no interest, bond interest, broken period interest, carried interest, cash flow interest coverage ratio, cash interest coverage ratio, deferred interest bond, draw interest, earn interest, field of interest fund, foreign interest payment security, income from interest, liquidity preference theory of interest, semiannual interest, separate trading of registered interest and principal of securitiesб) фин., банк. (ссудный) процент (стоимость использования заемных денег; выражается в виде процентной доли от величины займа за определенный период)interest payment, payment of interest — процентный платеж, выплата процентов
computation of interest, calculation of interest — расчет процентов
date from which interest is computed — дата, с которой начисляются проценты
Banks create money and lend it at interest. — Банки создают деньги и ссужают их под процент.
See:interest rate, bank interest, days of interest, deferred interest, interest on interest, interest amount, interest on interest, interest policy, add-on interest, annual interest, balloon interest, Boston interest, compound interest, compound interest bond, compound interest formula, covered interest arbitrage, cum interest, discount interest, exact interest, exact day interest, ex-interest, future value interest factor, gross interest, imputed interest, net interest, net interest cost, New York interest, simple interest, simple interest formula2) фин., банк. = interest rateSee:interest allowed, interest parity, interest risk, interest sensitive, interest-induced wealth effect, bank interest, base rate of interest, cross-currency interest rate swap, current interest, effective annual rate of interest, effective interest, fixed interest, Fixed Interest Savings Certificates, fixed interest security, illegal interest, loanable funds theory of interest, monetary theory of interest, nominal interestThe new English-Russian dictionary of financial markets > interest
-
100 deduction
1. n вычитание, удержание2. n удержание, вычет3. n мат. вычитаемое4. n скидка, сбавка; уступка5. n вывод, заключение, следствие6. n лог. выведение, дедукцияto draw a deduction — сделать вывод, вывести следствие
Синонимический ряд:1. inference (noun) answer; conclusion; illation; inference; judgement; judgment; ratiocination; result; sequitur2. inferring (noun) concluding; inferring; reasoning3. reduction (noun) abatement; abstraction; discount; excision; rebate; reduction; removal; subtraction
См. также в других словарях:
income withdrawal — Members of money purchase schemes that are under age 75 may draw an annual income from their unsecured pension while leaving the remainder invested. If they have reached age 75, the members may continue the arrangement as an alternatively secured … Law dictionary
income tax — a tax levied on incomes, esp. an annual government tax on personal incomes. [1790 1800] * * * Levy imposed by public authority on the incomes of persons or corporations within its jurisdiction. In nations with an advanced system of private… … Universalium
draw — [c]/drɔ / (say draw) verb (drew /dru / (say drooh), drawn, drawing) –verb (t) 1. (sometimes followed by along, away, in, out …
draw — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) v. t. haul, drag, pull, tub, extract; attract, allure; depict, sketch; draft; win, receive; displace; inhale; elicit, get; disembowel, eviscerate. See attraction, painting, traction. n. tie. See equality … English dictionary for students
Measures of national income and output — A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate total economic activity in a country or region, including gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), and net national income (NNI). All are… … Wikipedia
Interdealer Brokers in the Fixed Income Markets — (from the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association’s educational piece [http://www.sifma.net/assets/files/InterdealerBrokers 0320.pdf] explaining the role of Interdealer Brokers. IDBs are specialized securities companies serving as… … Wikipedia
Annuity (European financial arrangements) — An annuity can be defined as a contract which provides an income stream in return for an initial payment.Immediate annuityAn immediate annuity is an annuity for which the income stream begins at a time after the initial payment which is less than … Wikipedia
Retirement plans in the United States — A retirement plan is an arrangement to provide people with an income, possibly a pension, during retirement, when they are no longer earning a steady income from employment, or an asset from which a person may draw an income from as needed. There … Wikipedia
box office — Synonyms and related words: attendance, avails, booking office, branch, branch office, cabinet, chambers, chancellery, chancery, closet, commissions, consulate, corporate headquarters, credit, credits, den, disposable income, dividend, dividends … Moby Thesaurus
Bangkok — Infobox Settlement name = Bangkok official name = Krung Thep Maha Nakhon native name = กรุงเทพมหานคร nickname = motto = image size = 800 × 533 pixels image caption = Bangkok flag size = image seal size = mapsize = 178px map caption = Location… … Wikipedia
Something Awful — LLC. Type Limited Liability Company (LLC) Industry Web based Founded 1999 Founder(s) Richa … Wikipedia