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1 πόντος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `sea, high sea' (ep. Il.), often in PN, e.g. ὁ Εὔξεινος πόντος `the Black Sea', for which also (ὁ) Πόντος (IA.), also as name of the south coast of the Black Sea and a state there (App. a.o.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. ποντο-πόρος `crossing the sea' (ep.Il.) with ποντοπορ-έω, - εύω `to cross the sea' (Od.; on the formation Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 62, 95 a. 368, Sommer Sybaris 146ff.); on Έλλήσποντος s. v.Derivatives: 1. πόντ-ιος `belonging to the sea' (h. Hom., Pi.), f. - ιάς (Pi.); 2. - ικός `from Pontos' (IA.; Chantraine Études 109 f., 122); 3. - ίλος m. name of a mollusc (Arist.; s. ναυτ-ίλος); 4. - εύς m. name of a Phaeacian (θ 113; Bosshardt 100); 5. ποντ-ίζω (A., S.), sonst κατα- πόντος (Att., N. T.) `to sink in the sea' with ποντίσματα pl. n. `oblations sunk in the sea' (E.), καταποντ-ισμός m. `the drowning' (Isoc., LXX), - ιστής m. `one who throws in to the sea, lets drown' (Att.); 6. κατα-ποντ-όω `id.' (IA.); ποντ-όομαι `to form a sea' (Q.S.), - όω = - ίζω (Nic. Dam.) with - ωσις f. (Tz.).Etymology: As against the ο-stm in πόντος stand diff. formations in other languages in diff. meanings: in Indo-Iran. an ablauting pant(h)ā- (e.g. nom. sg. Skt. pánthā-ḥ, Av. pantā̊): path(i)- (e.g. instr. sg. path-ā́, paʮ-a, pl. pathí-bhiḥ, padǝ-bīš) m. `road, path'; in other languages a fullgrade i-stem: Arm. hun, gen. hn-i `ford', Lat. pons, gen. pl. ponti-um m. `bridge, passage', OCS pǫtь m. `road'. Both these widespread i-flexion and the Greek o-flexion have arisen from an older, in Indo-Iran. still living, rather complicated paradigm ( pont-eh₁-, pn̥t-h₁-). A deriv. of the in Skt. path-ā́ etc. appearing zerograde (IE *pn̥th₁-) is found in πάτος `road, path' (and in OPr. pintis `road'); s. on πατέω. Details on the morphology w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 26f., Pok. 808f., Mayrhofer s. pánthāḥ, W.-Hofmann s. pons, Vasmer s. putь. -- As orig. meaning. must be assumed `unpaved road, leading through country, water etc.'; cf. Benveniste Word 10, 256 f.; so πόντος prop. "fairway" (cf. ὑγρὰ κέλευθα) referring to a for a seefaring nation primary function of the sea. Cf. on θάλασσα, πέλαγος.Page in Frisk: 2,578-579Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πόντος
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2 Μελαινίδ'
Μελαινίδα, Μελαινίςthe black: fem acc sgΜελαινίδι, Μελαινίςthe black: fem dat sgΜελαινίδε, Μελαινίςthe black: fem nom /voc /acc dual -
3 μελαινίδ'
μελαινίδα, μελαινίςthe black: fem acc sgμελαινίδι, μελαινίςthe black: fem dat sgμελαινίδε, μελαινίςthe black: fem nom /voc /acc dual -
4 Εὔξεινος πόντος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `the Black Sea' (Hdt., Pi.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] Iran.Etymology: Prob. euphemistic for ἄξε(ι)νος `inhospitable' (of the Black Sea e. g. Pi. P. 4, 263, E. IT 348), from Iranian (Scythian?) through folk-etymology, cf. Av. axšaēna- `dark-coloured'. Vasmer Osteur. Ortsnamen (Acta Univ. Dorp. B: I 3 [1921]) 3ff., Jacobsohn KZ 54, 254ff. S. also Allen Class. Quart. 41, 86ff.; 42, 60 against Moorhouse ib. 34, 123ff.; 42, 59f., who rejects Iranian origin. Recently R. Schmitt, Sel. Onom. Writings (2000) 158-163, who assumes that these names did not refer to a reality, but that the colour-names were used to indicate the cardinal points, for which he gives reff. in n. 7 (but none about Persia); the use of the colour names would have to be the same as in the Slavic world; his reference to the interest of the Persian kings in maritime connections proves nothing. Also the fact that several southern seas were called `red' might better be connected with the fact that Homer knows two Ethiopia's; and καλεομένη just means `(was) called', not `so-called' and is not "a clear hint on the improper or figurative use of the \<colour\>word."Page in Frisk: 1,590Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Εὔξεινος πόντος
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5 κύκλῳ
κύκλῳ dat. (of κύκλος) of place, fixed as an adv. (B-D-F §199; Rob. 295f; 644) ‘around, all around’, lit. ‘in a circle’ (Hom.+).① pert. to encirclement, around as adv. (Jos., Ant. 14, 418; 15, 337) κ. περιτειχίζειν MPol 15:2. πόλις περιτετειχισμένη κύκλῳ Hm 12, 9, 5. οἱ περὶ αὐτὸν κύκλῳ καθήμενοι Mk 3:34 (cp. 1 Esdr 4:11 and κύκλῳ περί τι Hdt. 1, 185; Pla., Phd. 111c; EpArist 63).—Sim. used as prep. w. gen. (X., Cyr. 4, 5, 5; Polyb. 4, 21, 9; OGI 455, 12; CPR I, 42, 10; PFay 110, 7; PTebt 342, 26; Gen 35:5; Ex 7:24; 16:13 al.; En 14:11; OdeSol 11:16; TestAbr A 15 p. 95, 22 [Stone p. 38] and B 8 p. 112, 23 [St. p. 72]) κ. τοῦ θρόνου around the throne Rv 4:6; 5:11 (s. κυκλόθεν 2 end); 7:11. κ. τοῦ πύργου around the tower Hv 3, 2, 8; 3, 4, 2; 3, 8, 2; Hs 9, 7, 3; 9, 9, 6; 9, 11, 4; κ. τοῦ πεδίου around the plain 9, 1, 4; cp. τὰ κ. τοῦ πύργου 9, 7, 6; 9, 10, 1f; κ. τῆς πύλης around the gate 9, 2, 3; 9, 3, 1; 9, 4, 1; around Christ 9, 6, 2.② pert. to all directions from a point of reference, around, as adv. περιῆγεν τ. κώμας κ. he went around among the villages Mk 6:6.—Sim. preceded by the art., and used as an adj. around, nearby (X., Cyr. 7, 2, 23; Arrian, Anab. 6, 15, 7 τὰ κύκλῳ ἔθνη; Bar 2:4b; 2 Macc 4:32 αἱ κ. πόλεις TestJob 30:5) εἰς τοὺς κ. ἀγρούς into the farms nearby Mk 6:36. εἰς τὰς κ. κώμας into the villages around here Lk 9:12.③ pert. to completion of a circuit, around, as adv. ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ κύκλῳ Ro 15:19 (AGeyser, Un Essai d’Explication de Ro 15:19, NTS 6, ’60, 156–59) is either (beginning) from Jerusalem and its environs (BWeiss) or prob. better beginning from Jerus. and traveling around (describing a circle) (Zahn, Ltzm., Sickenberger, Althaus). This avoids giving the impression that Paul traveled in a straight line, and agrees better w. the comprehensive nature of his activity (cp. PLond III, 981, 8–11 p. 242 [IV A.D.] ἡ εὐφημία σου περιεκύκλωσεν τ. κόσμον ὅλον=‘travel about in’. Maximus Tyr. 25, 1c Ἀνάχαρσις περιῄει τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐν κύκλῳ). Perhaps it would be better to render κύκλῳ with in an arc or curve (Appian, Mithrid. 101 §467: Mithridates, on his march from Dioscurias on the east shore of the Black Sea wishes to go around τὸν Πόντον ὅλον ἐν κύκλῳ=the whole Black Sea in a curved path, as far as Lake Maeotis=the Sea of Azov).—περιάγειν κύκλῳ τοῦ πύργου Hs 9, 11, 4f.—See B. 905. DELG s.v. κύκλος. M-M. -
6 κεραϊς
κεραί̈ςGrammatical information: f.Other forms: only acc. κεραϊν (Thphr. HP 9, 15, 5; cerain Plin. HN 19, 82); [the accent given by Frisk is prob. wrong].Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] BalkanEtymology: The agreement with the Slavic word for `horse-radish, Cochlearia Armoracia', e. g. Russ. chrén, Czech. křen, must, if not accidental, be a loan from a common source (the coasts of the Black Sea?). Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 55; Further Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v.Page in Frisk: 1,822Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κεραϊς
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7 Πόντος
Πόντος, ου, ὁ (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; ins; Philo, Deus Imm. 174; Joseph.; Just., A I, 58, 1) Pontus, orig. the name of a sea (the Euxine, or Black Sea), then the designation of an empire founded by the Achaemenid Persians in northeast Asia Minor, extending fr. the Black Sea to the Caucasus. After Pompey’s conquest a part of it was made a Roman province. Acc. to Appian, Mithrid. 15 §53 many Ἕλληνες had settled there. Ac 2:9; 1 Pt 1:1 (on the address Ps.-Callisth. 2, 11, 2, an encyclical letter of Alexander [s. Καππαδοκία]). JMarquardt, Römische Staatsverwaltung I2, 1881, 349ff; VSchultze, Altchristl. Städte u. Landschaften II/1, 1922; Pauly-W. III 507–42; Kl. Pauly IV 1050f; BHHW III 1480. -
8 μέλας
μέλας, μέλαινα, μέλαν gen. ανος, αίνης, ανος (s. prec. entry; Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, JosAs 10:1; 14:15; Sib. Or. 4, 75; Philo, Joseph.; Tat. 33, 3) by-form μελανός (acc. sg.-όν JosAs 10:9; 13:2; 14:12 [each μέλαν cod. B]; pl.-ούς TestSol 9:9 C) comp. μελανώτερος (Strabo 16, 4, 12) 1 Cl 8:3.① blackⓐ hair (Lev 13:37) Mt 5:36 (opp. λευκός as Artem. 1, 32 p. 34, 5; 9f). Of clothing used in mourning (Polyaenus 6, 7, 1 ἐν μελαίνῃ ἐσθῆτι; Jos., Vi. 138) μ. ὡς σάκκος τρίχινος Rv 6:12; cp. 1 Cl 8:3.ⓑ apocal. color: w. others Rv 6:5 (cp. Zech 6:2, 6 and s. πυρρός); Hv 4, 1, 10; 4, 3, 2; named alone, and as the color of evil, forming a contrast to the world of light (evil, malignant in the moral realm Solon, Pind. et al.; Diphilus Com. [IV/III B.C.] 91e of a woman; Plut., Mor. 12d μ. ἄνθρωποι; M. Ant. 4, 28 μ. ἦθος; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 5, 36 p. 196, 19 of misused gold) Hs 9, 1, 5; 9, 6, 4; 9, 8, 1f; 4f; 9, 9, 5; 9, 13, 8; 9, 15, 1; 3; 9, 19, 1. Hence ὁ μ. the Black One of the devil B 4:9; 20:1 (Lucian, Philops. 31 ὁ δαίμων μελάντερος τοῦ ζόφου).—FDölger, D. Sonne der Gerechtigkeit u. der Schwarze 1918; LZiehen, ARW 24, 1926, 48ff; RGradwohl, Die Farben im AT Beih. ZAW 83, ’63, 50–53. S. also AcThom 55 [Aa II/2, 171, 15]; 64 [180, 16].② neut. τὸ μέλαν, ανος ink (Pla., Phdr. 276c; Demosth. 18, 258; Plut., Mor. 841e, Solon 17, 3; Synes., Ep. 157 p. 294b κάλαμον κ. χάρτην κ. μέλαν; PGrenf II, 38, 8 [81 B.C.]; POxy 326; PLeid X, 10, 1ff; ParJer 6:19 χάρτην καὶ μέλανα; TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 3f [Stone p. 30] χάρτην καὶ μέλανα καὶ κάλαμον; loanw. in rabb.) ἐπιστολὴ ἐγγεγραμμένη μέλανι 2 Cor 3:3. διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου γράφειν write with pen and ink 3J 13. διὰ χάρτου καὶ μέλανος 2J 12.—Pauly-W. Suppl. VII 1574ff; Kl. Pauly V 856; BHHW III 1991. B. 1052; 1055; 1291. DELG. M-M. TW. -
9 μελανείμων
A black-clad, μ. ἔφοδοι the assaults of the black-robed ones (the Furies), A.Eu. 375 (lyr.); μ. ἑορτή a public lamentation, D.H.2.19, cf. Plb.2.16.13, J.AJ16.8.6; cf. μελανοείμων.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μελανείμων
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10 μελαμβόρειον
μελαμβόρειοςof the black north: masc /fem acc sgμελαμβόρειοςof the black north: neut nom /voc /acc sg -
11 μελαμβόρειος
A of the black north: πνεῦμα μ. the black north wind in Southern Gaul and Palestine, Str.4.1.7, J.BJ3.9.3.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μελαμβόρειος
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12 πελᾱργός
πελᾱργόςGrammatical information: m.Other forms: On the quantity of the α s. bel.Derivatives: πελαργ-ιδεύς m. `young stork' (Ar., Plu.; Bosshardt 46), - ικός `belonging to the stork' (H., Suid.), - ώδης `stork-like' (Str.), - ῖτις f. `kind of ἀναγαλλίς and γεράνιον' (Ps.-Dsc.), after the beak-like form of the fruit (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54). Denom. ἀντι-πελαργ-έω `to show love in return (in the way of storks)' (Aristaenet., Iamb.; on the facts Thompson Birds s. πελαργός); ἀντιπελάργ-ωσις, - ησις, - ία ( Com. Adesp. 939, 1570). -- On Πελαργικόν ( τεῖχος) s. Πελασγοί.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Not certainly explained. Already by EM 659, 7 connected with the black\/white feathers and therefore by Kretschmer Glotta 3, 294 f. analysed as *πελαϜ-αργός; from ἀργός `white' and *πελαϜός `blackish' (to Lith. pal̃vas `sallow', πελιός etc.); improbable. The length of the α is mentioned by Phrynichos 88 (and at the same time rejected on the basis of a false etymology); cf. Schulze KZ 44, 353 f. = Kl. Schr. 268 f. -- Diff. Risch IF 59, 33: 1. member *πέλα- `skin' in ἐρυσί-πελας; not to be preferred.Page in Frisk: 2,494Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πελᾱργός
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13 πόντος
Aἐκ ποντόφιν Od.24.83
:—sea, esp. open sea, common from Hom. downwds., exc. in Prose, where it is chiefly used of special seas (v. infr. 11); in the general sense,ὁπότε πνεῦμα ἐκ πόντου εἴη Th.4.26
, cf. Pl.R. 611e, Ti. 25a, LXX Ex.15.5; π. ἀπείριτος, ἀπείρων, εὐρύς, μεγακήτης, Od.10.195, Il.1.350,6.291, Od.3.158; π. ἠεροειδής, ἰοειδής, μέλας, οἶνοψ, 2.263, 11.107, Il.24.79, 23.316; π. ἀτρύγετος, ἰχθυόεις, 15.27,19.378; opp. γαῖα, 8.479, etc.; κέλευθοι, πλάξ, πεδίον πόντου, Pi.P.4.195,1.24, A.Fr. 150 (anap.); π. ἁλὸς πολιῆς the wide waters of the grey brine, Il.21.59, Thgn.10, 106; πόντου γέφυρα, πύλαι, of the Isthmus, Pi.N.6.39,10.27.2 metaph.,π. ἀγαθῶν Sophr.159
;π. χρυσίου Phoen.1.2
;ἐκπεσεῖν εἰς τὸν ἀνομοιότητος π. Pl.Plt. 273d
(ap.Dam.Pr.5).II of special seas, π. Ἰκάριος, Γρηΐκιος, Il.2.145, 23.230;ὁ Αἰγαῖος π. Hdt.2.97
, etc.;ὁ π. οὗτος Id.4.177
(v.l.); Ἰόνιος, Σαρωνικός, Σικελός, E.Tr. 225 (lyr.), Hipp. 1200, Cyc. 703: esp. π. Εὔξεινος, Id.IT 125 (lyr., nisi leg. Ἄξεινος ); ὁ Εὔξεινος π. Hdt. 1.6
, Th.2.96,97 (called Ἄξεινος, E.IT 218 (lyr.)); generally called simply ὁ Πόντος or Πόντος, A.Pers. 878 (lyr.), Hdt.7.147, Ar.V. 700, Arist.Mete. 354a14, al.; but Hdt. has also ὁ πόντος for the sea, 4.99, 177.2 the country Pontus on the S. shore of the Black Sea, App.Mith.8, etc.: Adj. Ποντικός (q.v.). -
14 πίτυς
πίτυς, - υοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `pine, fir, spruce' (Hom., Hdt., Thphr.).Other forms: ep. dat. pl. - υσσιν.Compounds: Some compp., e.g. πιτυο-κάμπη f. `pine-caterpillar' (Dsc.; Strömberg Wortstud. 9), χαμαί-πιτυς f. plant-name (Nic., Dsc.; Strömberg Pfl. 61f., 109).Derivatives: Demin. πιτύ-διον n. (Plin., Theognost.). - ίς, - ίδος f. `pine-seed' (Dsc.), - ινος `made of pinewood' (Hp. Thphr.), - ώδης `rich in pines' (Alcm., Str.); - ουσα (v. l. - οῦσσα) f. `kind of milkweed, Euphorbia' (Dsc.; on the formation Strömberg Pfl. 43); - οῦσσαι f. pl. name of a group of islands on the Spanish coast; - οῦς, - οῦντος m. name of a town in the Black Sea (Str.), - εια f. town in Mysia (Β 829), - ασσος f. town in Pisidia (Str.); cf. v. Blumenthal ZONF 13, 155 a. 158.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: To πίτυς resemble on one hand Lat. pīnus f. `fir, pine' and Alb. pishë `fir, pine', both with unclear basis, on the other Skt. pī́tudāru-, pūtúdru etc. m. name of a tree. Further analysis quite uncertain; cf. the extensive treatment in Mayrhofer s. v. w. lit. Older lit. with untenable or quite doubtful conclusions in Bq, WP. 2, 74f., (Pok. 794), W.-Hofmann s.v.; s. esp. Benveniste BSL 51, 29 ff. with well-argued criticism of the usual collecting of several phonetically resembling forms which are semantically to be separated ( πίων, πίνω, πίτυς etc.). -- Furnée 260 compares the place names Πισύη = Πιτύη St. Byz. and concludes that the word is Pre-Greek; not very certain.Page in Frisk: 2,545-546Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πίτυς
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15 βωμός
βωμός (-ός, -οῖο, -ῷ, -όν; -ῶν, -οῖς, -ούς)1 altar τύμβον ἀμφίπολον ἔχων πολυξενωτάτῳ παρὰ βωμῷ (sc. Πέλοψ. i. e. the altar of Zeus at Olympia) O. 1.93 πατρὶ μὲν βωμῶν ἁγισθέντων (sc. Ζηνί. at Olympia) O. 3.19 βωμοὺς ἓξ διδύμους ἐγέραρεν (sc. Ψαῦμις) ἑορταῖς θεῶν μεγίσταις ὑπὸ βουθυσίαις ἀέθλων τε πεμπαμέροις ἁμίλλαις at Olympia O. 5.5 εἰ δ' εἴη μὲν Ὀλυμπιονίκας βωμῷ τε μαντείῳ ταμίας Διὸς ἐν Πίσᾳ (the Iamidai were hereditary priests of the oracle of Olympian Zeus: δἰ ἐμπύρων ἐν Ἤλιδι Ἰαμίδαι ἐμαντεύοντο. Σ.) O. 6.5 cf. Ζηνὸς ἐπ' ἀκροτάτῳ βωμῷ τότ αὖ χρηστήριον θέσθαι κέλευσεν (sc. Ἴαμον Ἀπόλλων) O. 6.70 ὡς ἂν θεᾷ πρῶτοι κτίσαιεν βωμὸν ἐναργέα i. e. to Athene in Rhodes O. 7.42 Αἶαν, τεόν τἐν δαιτί, Ἰλιάδα, νικῶν ἐπεστεφάνωσε βωμόν at Opous O. 9.112 Διός, ὃν ἀρχαίῳ σάματι πὰρ Πέλοπος βωμῳἑξάριθμον ἐκτίσσατο (βωμῷ, -ῶν codd. contra metr.) O. 10.25τὸν εἶδον κρατέοντα χερὸς ἀλκᾷ βώμὸν παρ' Ὀλύμπιον O. 10.101
ἀνὰ βωμῷ θεᾶς κοιμάξατο (of Athene at Korinth: a ref. to ἐγκοίμησις) O. 13.75 κελήσατό μιν θέμεν Ἱππίᾳ βωμὸν εὐθὺς Ἀθάνᾳ at Korinth O. 13.82 μαρτυρήσει Λυκαίου βωμὸς ἄναξ the altar of Zeus on Mt. Lykaion O. 13.108 ἀγέλα ταύρων ὑπᾶρχεν καὶ νεόκτιστον λίθων βωμοῖο θέναρ an altar to Poseidon on the Black Sea P. 4.206 πὰρ βωμὸν πατέρος Ἑλλανίου στάντες (sc. Αἰακίδαι at Aigina) N. 5.10 τῷ μὲν (sc. Ἡρακλεῖ) Ἀλεκτρᾶν ὕπερθεν δαῖτα πορσύνοντες ἀστοὶ καὶ νεόδματα στεφανώματα βωμῶν αὔξομεν ἔμπυρα χαλκοαρᾶν ὀκτὼ θανόντων (the altar to the eight children of Herakles by Megara. v. νεόδματος) I. 4.62 ]καὶ θυοε[ντα ] βωμὸν[ Pae. 3.9
γέρονθ' ὅτι Πρίαμον πρὸς ἑρκεῖον ἤναρε βωμὸν ἐπενθορόντα (= Διὸς ἑρκείου βωμόν) Πα.. 11. βω[μο (supp. Zuntz) Πα. 13. 1. θεῶν ἐπὶ βωμοῖς (haec verba praebet Plutarchi citatio, consol. ad Apoll. 35; desunt in Π.) Θρ.. 1. ζαθέας Πάρου ἐν γυάλοις ἕσσατο (sc. Ἡρακλέης) ἄνακτι βωμὸν πατρί τε Κρονίῳ fr. 140a. 64 (38). ] ωβωμ[ P. Oxy. 2442. fr. 104. -
16 λάσκω
A (lyr.): [tense] fut. , 384: [tense] aor. 1 ἐλάκησα [ᾰ] ib. 382 (δια-λᾱκήσας Id.Nu. 410
is prob. from διαλᾱκέω, [dialect] Dor. for - ληκέω): [tense] aor. 2 ἔλᾰκον, [dialect] Ep.λάκον Il.14.25
, al.: [tense] aor. 1ἔληξα Herod.8.65
: [tense] pf.λέληκα Il.22.141
, Arist.HA 618b31, (lyr.), Ar.Ach. 410 (paratrag.); part. fem.λελᾰκυῖα Od.12.85
:—[voice] Med., v. infr. 11:—ring, rattle, crash:I of things, ring when struck, ;λάκε δ' ἀσπίς 20.277
; also λάκε δ' ὀστέα the bones cracked, broke with a crash, 13.616; λάκε δ' ἀμφὶ πυρὶ ὕλη crackled, Hes. Th. 694; ἔλακον ἀξόνων βριθομένων χνόαι creaked under the weight, A.Th. 153 (lyr.):—this sense occurs only in [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Act.II of animals, scream, of the falcon,ὀξὺ λεληκώς Il.22.141
; of the nightingale in the falcon's talons, τί λέληκας; Hes.Op. 207; also, of dogs, howl, bay, Σκύλλη.. δεινὸν λελακυῖα Od.l.c.; rare in Prose, οὐ μινυρίζει οὐδὲ λέληκεν, of the black eagle, Arist.l.c.:—this sense occurs only in [tense] pf., exc. in [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. [voice] Med.,κύνες λελάκοντο h.Merc. 145
.III of human beings, shout, scream, cry aloud,λέληκεν ἢν καὶ μηδέν' ἀνθρώπων ὁρᾷ Semon.7.15
;φόβος μυχόθεν ἔλακε A.Ch.35
(lyr.), cf. S.Ant. 1094, etc.; τί λέλακας; Ar.Ach. l. c.;μή νυν λακήσῃς Id. Pax 382
: hence of Oracles, utter, A.Ag. 1426 (lyr.), S.Tr. 824 (lyr.), Ar.Pl. 39; also, sing,πρὸς αὐλόν E.Alc. 346
.2 c. acc. cogn., shriek forth, utter aloud, ; στονόεν λέλακε χώρα Id. Pr.l.c.;λ. βοάν E.El.
l.c., cf. Ion 776 (anap.); (anap.); ;ῥῆμα γενναῖον Ar.Ra.97
: c. dupl. acc., τοιαῦτα λάσκεις τοὺς.. φίλους; E.Andr. 671:—in this sense only in Trag. and (rarely) Com. -
17 Μαιώτης
Μαιῶται, [dialect] Ion. [full] Μαιῆται, οἱ, Maeotians, a Scythian tribe to the north of the Black Sea, Hdt.4.123, X.Mem.2.1.10.II as Adj. [full] Μαιώτης, ου, Maeotian, ποταμὸς M. the Tanais, Hdt.4.45:—fem. [full] Μαιῶτις λίμνη the Palus Maeotis, Sea of Azof, A.Pr. 418 (lyr.), etc.; ἡ λίμνη ἡ Μαιῆτις ([dialect] Ion.) Hdt.1.104, etc.: [full] μαιώτης, ου, ὁ,A a fish caught there, and in the Nile, Archipp.26, Ael.NA10.19.2 [full] Μαιωτικός, ή, όν, αὐλὼν M., i.e. the Cimmerian Bosporus, A.Pr. 731.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > Μαιώτης
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18 δαίω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `kindle',Other forms: intr. perf. δέδηα `burn', ptc. δεδαυμένος (Semon. 30 B), δάηται (Υ 316, Φ 375), aor. δαῆναι, ἐκδαβῃ̃ (= -Ϝῃ̃) ἐκκαυθῃ̃. Λάκωνες H. (Il.).Compounds: Compp. ἀνα- (A.) κατα- (H.). θεσπι-δᾰές ( πῦρ, Μ 177 etc.) `flaming godlike' (rather to aor. δαῆναι then to δάος?). δᾳδοῦχος `holding a torch'.Derivatives: δάος n. (\< *δάϜος) `torch' (Hom.) with δᾱνός \< *δαϜεσ-νός `good for a torch, dry' (ο 322, Ar. Pax 1134 [lyr.]). δᾱλός m. `fire-brand' (Il.) \< *δᾰϜελός (= δαβελός δαλός. Λάκωνες H.), δαελός (Sophr.); *δάϜος:* δαϜελ-ός like νέφος: νεφέλ-η; further δαῦλον ἡμίφλεκτον ξύλον H. Demin. δᾱλίον (Ar.); δᾱλός also = μελάνουρος ἰχθύς H. (from the light-organs, Strömberg Fischnamen 55f., or because of the black tail?), metaph. `burnt out = old man' (AP), with hypocoristic gemination δαλλώ ἡ ἀπόπληκτος. οἱ δε την ἔξωρον παρθένον η γυναῖκα καὶ πρεσβυτέραν H. δαΐς (\< *δαϜίς), - ίδος, Att. δᾳς, δᾳδός (s. below) f. `torch' (Il.), from where the demin. δᾳδίον (Ar.), δᾳδίς `torch-feast' (Luc.), δᾳδινος `to the torch, of pine-wood' (Gal.), δᾳδώδης `resinous' (Thphr., Plut.) to δᾳς `fire-brand', `disease in pines, resin-glut' (Thphr.); δᾳδόομαι `become afflicted with resin-glut' with δᾳδωσις (Thphr.), s. Strömberg Theophrastea 167. δαύακες θυμάλωπες H., cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 118, Grošelj Živa Ant. 2, 206. δαερόν μέλαν. καὶ τὸ καιόμενον H., perh. also Emp. 90 for δαλερός. δαηρόν θερμόν, καυματηρόν, λαμπρόν, προφανές H. δαηθμόν ἐμπρησμόν H., on the formation s. Chantr. Form. 137f.; Latte with Voß for it δαιθμόν. δαῦκος ὁ θρασύς. καὶ βοτάνη τις Κρητική H., s. s. v. Here also δαΐ `in battle' \< *δαϜ-ί, loc. of a root noun *δαῦς (Schwyzer 578)?.Etymology: As shown by δεδαυμένος, δαίω is from *δαϜ-ι̯ω. From metathesized (cf Kor. ΔιδαίϜων) *δαίϜω originates Att. δᾳς (δᾱις \< *δαιϜ-ις). The perfect δέδηα \< *δέ-δᾱϜ-α resembles Skt. du-dāv-a (gramm.), to which present du-nó-ti `burn'. Further Skt. forms in Pok. 179f. So IE *d(e)h₂u̯-? Further perhaps OIr. dōim `burn', OHG zuscen `id.'. See δύη; and δήϊος.Page in Frisk: 1,342-343Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δαίω
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19 σαπέρδης
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: name of a fish, that is identified with κορακῖνος and πλατίστακος and which is suspected to be from the Nile, the Black Sea but also from other waters (Hp., com. etc.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)Etymology: Foreign word. Thompson Fishes s. v. (with extensive treatment) reminds of Arab. ṣabār, Copt. šabouri, name of a well known fish of the Nile, Tilapia nilotica. Phonetically closer is the Lyd. PN Sa-par-da-a-a (Grošelj Živa Ant. 7, 43), but there is no indication that the word belongs to the fish name. -- Furnée 153 connects σάβειρος κόραξ. (Lat. saperda, a fish, is prob. a loan from Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,676-677Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σαπέρδης
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20 Σκύθης
Σκύθης, ου, ὁ the Scythian, living in the region of the Black Sea (Hes., Hdt. et al.; ins, LXX, Philo, Joseph.), frequently viewed as the epitome of unrefinement or savagery (uncouth ways are satirized Aristoph., Lysist. 451ff, Thesm. 1017; cp. Cicero, In Pis. 8, Nat. Deor. 2, 34, 88; Seneca, In Troad. 1104; 2 Macc 4:47; 3 Macc 7:5) w. βάρβαρος (Philostrat., Ep. 5) Col 3:11.—THermann, Barbar u. Sk.: ThBl 9, 1930, 106; WKnox, St. Paul and the Church of the Gentiles ’39, 175 w. note 4; TRice, The Scythians ’57; Reader, Polemo 383; OEANE IV 503–5.—M-M. TW.
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