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1 ὄστρακον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `bony, hard shell of snails, mussels, turtles etc.' (h. Merc., A., Hp., Arist.), `earthen potsherd (for writing, e.g. at a voting), earthen vessel' (Hp., Att.).Compounds: Few compp., e.g. ὀστρακό-δερμος `having a bony shell for skin, with a hard skin' (Batr., Arist.), μαλακ-όστρακος `with a soft shell' (Arist.).Derivatives: A. Subst. 1. Dimin. ὀτράκ-ιον n. (Arist., Str.); 2. - ίς, - ίδος f. `pine-cone' (Mnesith. ap. Ath.); 3. - εύς m. `potter' ( APl.; Bosshardt 68). 4. - ᾶς m. `id.' (inscr. Corycos, Hdn. Gr.); 5. - ίτης m. name of a stone (Dsc., Plin.), of a kitchen (Ath.), f. - ῖτις `calamine' (Dsc., Plin.), Redard 59 a. 90; 6. - ίας m. name of a stone (Plin.). -- B. Adj. 7. - ινος, 8. - ε(ι)ος, 9. - όεις (AP), - οῦς (Gal.) `earthen'; 10. - ώδης `shell- or sherd-like, full of sherds' (Arist., LXX, pap.). 11. - ηρά n. pl. `crustaceans' (Arist.). -- C. Adv. 12. - ίνδα `played with potsherds' (Ar.; Taillardat Rev. et. anc. 58, 189ff.). -- D. Verbs. 13. - ίζω 'to write sbds. name on a potsherd and by that vote for his exile, to exile' (At., Arist.) with - ισμός m. `ostracism' (Arist.); 14. - όομαι `to crack in pieces' (A.), `to become covered with a shell' (Lyc., Gal.), - όω `to turn into a shell, to harden' (Arist.), `to cover with sherds' (Att. inscr. IVa).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Formation in - ακο- (Schwyzer 497, Chantraine Form. 384), like ὄστρεον (s.v.) first from an r-stem ὀστ-ρ-, which has been assumed to interchange with the i: n-stem in Skt. ásth-i, asth-n-ás (s. ὀστέον); cf. on ἀστακός, ἀστράγαλος, which are however unrelated; Schwyzer 518 w. lit., WP. 1, 185f., Pok. 783 W.-Hofmann s. os; older lit. in Bq. However, there is no alternation between r\/n and i in IE, nor a suffix -n̥ko- (as DELG) to give - ακο-. So the word is Pre-Greek (not in Furnée).Page in Frisk: 2,437-438Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄστρακον
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2 κόχλος
Grammatical information: m. (f.)Meaning: `shell-fish with a spiral shell, sea-, land-snail', also `purple-scnail, kohl' (E., Arist., Theoc.).Derivatives: Several diminutiveformations: κοχλίς f. (Luc., Man.); also name of an Arabic stone (Plin.); κοχλία = ξιφύδρια, `shell' (H.); κοχλίδιον (pap., Epict.), - άδιον (sch.). - Further: κοχλίας m. ` snail with spiral shell', often metaph. `waterscrew, spiral stair etc.' (com., Arist., hell.); Lat. LW coc(h)lea, cf. Ernout Aspects du vocab. latin 54f.; κοχλιός `id.' (Paul. Aeg., Aët., Gloss.); κόχλᾱξ m. = κάχληξ (LXX, Dsc.); Lat. LW coclāca (Orib. lat.; cf. Ernout l. c.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unclear κοχλιάξων (- άζων), - οντος m. kind of machine-screw (Orib.; after ἄξων?). - From Lat. coc(h)lear, - āris n. (from coc(h)lea) as backformation κοχλιάριον ` spoon', also as measure (Dsc., medic.); orig. name of a spoon, of which the sharp end was used to draw the snail from its shell; cf. W.-Hofmann s. coc(h)lear. Connection with κόγχος, κόγχη (s. v.) is evident; it has (Pre-Greek) prenasalization. Note also the vowel-variation in κόχλαξ\/ κά-.Page in Frisk: 1,937Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόχλος
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3 πῶρος (1)
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `tuff' (Arist., Thphr., hell. inscr. a.o.), in Anatolia `stone- or chalk-formation, concretion, stone in the bladder, kidney etc.' (Hp., Arist. a.o.).Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in πωρ-όμφαλον n. subst. bahuvrihi `concretion in the navel' (Gal.).Derivatives: 1. Dimin. πωρ-ίον, - ίδιον n. `callosity' (medic.); 2. adj. πώρ-ινος `of tuff' (Hdt., Ar., hell. inscr. a.o.), - εία λίθος `tuff' (Str.), - ώδης 'π. -like' (Gal.); 3. verb πωρ-όομαι, - όω, also w. δια-, ἐπι-, συν-, `to petrify, to harden, to grow together in a concretion, grow hard' (Hp., Arist., Thphr., NT) with ( ἐπι-) πώρ-ωμα, - ωσις `petrification, concretion' (Hp., Gal., NT). 4. πωρ-ίασις f. `callus on the eye-lid' (Gal.), as if from *πωρ-ιᾶν (Schwyzer 732).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Orig. indicating a kind of stone and at home in building, πῶρος with its derivv. was used esp. by the medics. No etymology. Acc. to Haupt Actes du 16. congr. des orient. (1912) 84f. from Assyr. pûlu `shell-lime'. With πωρεῖν κηδεύειν, πενθεῖν, πωρῆσαι λυπῆσαι H. and πωρητύς f. `pain' (Antim.) no connection seems possible. Cf. however ταλαίπωρος. -- Furnée 328 connects *ψῶρος in ψωρίτης λίθος `a kind of marble' (Cyran 46), and Hitt. purut- `loam, chalk, mortar'.Page in Frisk: 2,635Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πῶρος (1)
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4 στρόβιλος
A round ball, στρόβιλος ἀμφάκανθον εἱλίξας δέμας rolling its prickly body into a ball, of the hedgehog ([etym.] ἐχῖνος), Ion Trag.38.4; ὀστράκου ς. the ball of an egg-shell, i.e. a round egg-shell, Lyc.506, cf. 89.3 cyclone, whirlwind, Arist.Mu. 395a7, Epicur.Ep.2p.47U., Men.536.4 (metaph., Id.Sam. 210); τρικυμίαι καὶ ς. Luc.Tox.19, cf. Aristid.1.164J., Poll.4.159.6 later (Phryn.374, Gal.6.591, 15.848), = κῶνος, pine-cone, Thphr.HP3.9.1, POxy.1088.55 (i A.D.), 1211.6 (ii A.D.), etc.;κόκκοι στροβίλου IG14.966.12
([place name] Rome).7 fir, pine, PCair.Zen.157 (iii B.C.), Plu.2.648d.8 stone pine, Pinus Cembra, Dsc.1.69, Gp.11.11.1.9 winch, or perh. rotating shaft, POxy. 1704.11 (iii A.D.); τὸ μυλαῖον σὺν τῷ στροβίλλῳ (sic) PMerton 39.9 (v/vi A.D.).11 dub. sens. in PMag.Osl.1.339, BCH51.395. [[pron. full] ῑ regularly, as in ll.cc.; but [pron. full] ῐ in signf. 6, AP6.232 (Crin.(?), dub.).]Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > στρόβιλος
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5 λέπας
Grammatical information: n. (only nom.-acc. sg.)Meaning: `bare rock, mountain' (Simon., A., E., Th.).Derivatives: λεπαῖος `rocky' (E.); λεπάς, - άδος f. `limpet' (Alc. Z 36, 2 [not certain], Epich., com., Arist.), as the animal clings with his foot to the rock (cf. H. λεπάδες τὰ πρὸς ταῖς πέτραις κεκολλημένα κογχύλια); acc. to WP. 2, 429 and W.-Hofmann s. lepidus however of λέπος, λεπίς `shell, scale'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: From λέπας: λεπαστή (- άστη) f. `limpet-like beaker' (com.) with λεπαστίς, - ίδος `id.' (vase-inscr., H.); on the formation Schwyzer 503; Lat. LW [loanword] lepista, - esta; λέπαστρον σκεῦός τι ἁλιευτικόν H. (cf. δέπαστρον a.o.; Chantraine Form. 333 f.); λεπαδεύομαι 'collect λ.' (H., Phot.). The similarity between λέπας and Lat. lapis, - idis m. (f.) `stone' shows a common origin (against this Ernout-Meillet s. v.); the Lat. a-vowel is explained as ablaut (s. W.-Hofmann s. v. [most improbable]), also as derailment (after capis `bowl with one handle' [idem]; Petersen Lang. 14, 49[?]). WP. 2, 431 considers (doubting) a loan from a mediterranean language; thus Hubschmid 3me Congrès int. de toponymie et d'anthroponymie II 189 (to Iberorom. lapa `flat stone, hollow' etc). Improbable Alessio Onomastica 2, 189; s. Belardi Doxa 3, 212. - The old connection with λέπω `peel off' ( λέπας `bare rock') is still (despite Bq) considered.Page in Frisk: 2,105Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λέπας
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6 πτύξαγρις
A which extracts the flesh of the oyster from its shell by putting a small stone between the valves ( πτύχες or πυξία), Zonar.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πτύξαγρις
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7 κάλυξ
κάλυξ, -ῠκοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `cup, calyx of a flower, husk, shell, pod, rosebud', also metaph. for the ornament of a woman (Σ 401).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in καλυκοστέφανος `crowned with buds' (B.).Derivatives: Dimin. καλύκιον (Dsc., H.); καλυκώδης `κ.-like' (Thphr.), καλύκειος λίθος name of a stone found in the fish called σάλπη (H.); also κάλυξις κόσμος τις ἐκ ῥόδων, καλύξεις ῥόδων καλύκια H., καλύκωσις `rosebud?' (Aq.), as if from *καλύσσω, or *καλυκόω; cf. the formations in Chantraine Formation 288 and καλυκίζειν ἀνθεῖν H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: On the ending - υξ cf. Chantraine 383. The word resembles Skt. (class.) kalikā `but', but it must prob. be kept separate, s. Mayrhofer KEWA s. v. Cf. κύλιξ, and σκαλλίον. Both root and suffix look Pre-Greek ( καλ-υκ-).Page in Frisk: 1,768Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάλυξ
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8 μαργαρίτης
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `pearl' (Thphr., Str., Ael., Arr., NT).Derivatives: f. - ῖτις ( λίθος) `id.' (Ath., Isid. Char.), dimin. - ιτάριον ( PHolm.). Besides, prob. as backformation (cf. below), μάργαρον `id.' ( Anacreont., PHolm.), - ος m. f. `id.' (Tz.), also `Indian pearlmussel' (Ael.), - ίς ( λίθος) `pearl' (Philostr.,Hld.), pl. - ίδες as name of a pearllike kind of date-palm (Plin.); - ίδης m. (Praxag.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Iran.Etymology: Oriental LW [loanword], acc. to Schiffer Rev. de phil. 63, 45ff. first from Iranian, MPers. marvārīt, NPers. marvā-rī δ `pearl'; details in Redard 56 f. Acc. to older view (s. Bq and Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 159) from Skt. mañjarī `flowering but' (ep. class.), `pearl' (lex.), with - ίτης added after the many stone-names. The by-form mañjara- n. would agree well with μάργαρον, but the late and rare ocurrence of both the Skt. and Greek form is no support for a direct identification. See now Gershevitch in De Fochécour-P. Gignoux, Etudes iranoaryennes G. Lazars, 1989, 113-136 (from Iran. *mr̥ga-ahri-ita- `born from the shell of a bird' = oyster). - From μαργαρίτης Lat. margarita etc., s. W.-Hofmann s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,174-175Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μαργαρίτης
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9 ὄστρειον
ὄστρειον, - εονGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `oyster, mussel, sea-snail; purple paint' (A., Epich., Att.).Compounds: Compp. ὀστρειο-γραφής `painted with purple' (Eleg. ap. Plu.), λιμν-όστρεα pl. `pond oyster' (Arist.).Derivatives: ὀστρ-έϊνος `musselish, provided with a shell(?)' (Pl.), - ῖνος `purple' ( POxy. 109, 5; III--IVp), prob. from Lat. ostrīnus `id.' (since Varro), cf. below; - ε(ι)ώδης `oyster-like' (Arist., Str.), - ειακός `belonging to oysters' (Zonar.), - ίτης m. kind of stone (Orph. L.; Redard 59).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Prop. "Knochentier" (= `bony animal'), with ε(ι)ο-suffix from a noun ὀστρ-'bone', assumed for s. ὄστρακον. Lat. LW [loanword] ostreum n., ostre- f. (from ὄστρεα n. pl.) with ostr-īnus (from where Gr. ὀστρῖνος, s. above), - eātus, - eārius a.o.; from there NHG Auster etc. - As there is no IE evidence for * ostr- meaning `bone' (s. on ο῎στρακον), the old etymology is wrong; the word must be Pre-Greek. Note that "la forme usuelle semble avoir été le collectif ὄστρα ou ὄστρεια" (the notion `collective' is introduced here assuming that the form is of IE origin); " ὄστρεια est la forme la plus ancienne" (Chantraine, Form. 62). I assume that - ε(ι)- continues a Pre-Greek suffix - ay- (Beekes, Pre-Greek, Suffixes s.v. - αι-\/- ε(ι)-). That a word with this meaning would come from a substratum seems only to be expected.Page in Frisk: 2,438Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄστρειον
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10 πορφύρα
πορφύρα, ας, ἡ (Aeschyl., Hdt.et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 21 [Stone p. 8]; TestLevi 8:7; JosAs, EpArist; Philo, Congr. Erud. Gr. 117; Jos., Bell. 6, 390; loanw. in rabb.) the purple fish (a shell-fish, murex), then a purple dye obtained fr. it, finally the cloth, clothing, etc. In our lit. only in the last-named sense (so Aeschyl. et al.; Aristot., Polyb., Lucian; Jos., Ant. 8, 185; EpArist 320; LXX) purple ( cloth) w. βύσσος (q.v.) Lk 16:19; GJs 10:(2), twice w. κόκκινον (s. the Bodmer pap and deStrycker’s ed. on this disputed text); 12:1. ἔλαβεν τὴν π. … καὶ ἧλκεν τὴν π. 11:1. Purple garment (Appian, Liby. 66, 297) w. τὸ βύσσινον (s. βύσσινος and cp. JosAs 5:6 πορφύρα ἐκ βύσσου χρυσοϋφής) Rv 18:12. Cp. 17:4 v.l. (w. κόκκινον). Of the red garment which the soldiers put on Jesus Mk 15:17, 20; GPt 3:7 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 150 the Roman soldier’s cloak is called ἡ πορφύρα; s. χλαμύς.—Dio Chrys. 4, 71 and Jos., Ant. 11, 256; 257 of a royal purple garment; cp. 1 Macc 10:62).—Lit. s. κόκκινος, also RGradwohl, Die Farben im AT, Beih. ZAW 83, ’63, 66–73 and lit.; Pauly-W. XXIII 2200–220; Kl. Pauly IV 1243f; BHHW III 1532f; ABD s.v. ‘Purple’ (V 557–60) and ‘Zoology (Animal Profiles)’ (VI 1149f); New Docs 2, 25–27 (lit.); CHemer, New Docs 3, 53–55; also Hemer, Acts 114; HStulz, Die Farbe Purpur im frühen Griechentum ’90.—Schmidt, Syn. III 44–51. DELG. M-M.
См. также в других словарях:
stone fruit — noun fleshy indehiscent fruit with a single seed: e.g. almond; peach; plum; cherry; elderberry; olive; jujube • Syn: ↑drupe • Derivationally related forms: ↑drupaceous (for: ↑drupe), ↑drupelet … Useful english dictionary
shell — less, adj. shell like, adj. /shel/, n. 1. a hard outer covering of an animal, as the hard case of a mollusk, or either half of the case of a bivalve mollusk. 2. any of various objects resembling such a covering, as in shape or in being more or… … Universalium
Shell — Shell, n. [OE. shelle, schelle, AS. scell, scyll; akin to D. shel, Icel. skel, Goth. skalja a tile, and E. skill. Cf. {Scale} of fishes, {Shale}, {Skill}.] 1. A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal. Specifically: (a) The covering, or … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Shell bit — Shell Shell, n. [OE. shelle, schelle, AS. scell, scyll; akin to D. shel, Icel. skel, Goth. skalja a tile, and E. skill. Cf. {Scale} of fishes, {Shale}, {Skill}.] 1. A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal. Specifically: (a) The… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Shell button — Shell Shell, n. [OE. shelle, schelle, AS. scell, scyll; akin to D. shel, Icel. skel, Goth. skalja a tile, and E. skill. Cf. {Scale} of fishes, {Shale}, {Skill}.] 1. A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal. Specifically: (a) The… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Shell cameo — Shell Shell, n. [OE. shelle, schelle, AS. scell, scyll; akin to D. shel, Icel. skel, Goth. skalja a tile, and E. skill. Cf. {Scale} of fishes, {Shale}, {Skill}.] 1. A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal. Specifically: (a) The… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Shell flower — Shell Shell, n. [OE. shelle, schelle, AS. scell, scyll; akin to D. shel, Icel. skel, Goth. skalja a tile, and E. skill. Cf. {Scale} of fishes, {Shale}, {Skill}.] 1. A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal. Specifically: (a) The… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Shell gland — Shell Shell, n. [OE. shelle, schelle, AS. scell, scyll; akin to D. shel, Icel. skel, Goth. skalja a tile, and E. skill. Cf. {Scale} of fishes, {Shale}, {Skill}.] 1. A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal. Specifically: (a) The… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Shell gun — Shell Shell, n. [OE. shelle, schelle, AS. scell, scyll; akin to D. shel, Icel. skel, Goth. skalja a tile, and E. skill. Cf. {Scale} of fishes, {Shale}, {Skill}.] 1. A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal. Specifically: (a) The… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Shell ibis — Shell Shell, n. [OE. shelle, schelle, AS. scell, scyll; akin to D. shel, Icel. skel, Goth. skalja a tile, and E. skill. Cf. {Scale} of fishes, {Shale}, {Skill}.] 1. A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal. Specifically: (a) The… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Shell jacket — Shell Shell, n. [OE. shelle, schelle, AS. scell, scyll; akin to D. shel, Icel. skel, Goth. skalja a tile, and E. skill. Cf. {Scale} of fishes, {Shale}, {Skill}.] 1. A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal. Specifically: (a) The… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
