rationis+n+f

exordĭum, ii, n. [exordior, I.].

Prop., the beginning, the warp of a web (rare):

non possum togam praetextam sperare, cum exordium pullum videam,

Quint. 5, 10, 71.—

Transf., in gen., a beginning, commencement (the usual meaning; syn.: initium, principium, primordium): neve inde navis inchoandae exordium Coepisset, quae, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34 (Trag. v. 282 ed. Vahl.):

hujus quoque exordium mali, quoniam principium boni diximus, explicemus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 3, 3; cf.: institutae rei publicae clarum ac tam omnibus notum, id. Rep. 2, 2:

a qua totius vitae ducat exor dium,

id. Fin. 5, 7, 18; cf.:

a quibus tempo ribus scribendi capiat exordium,

id. Leg. 1, 3, 8:

paene ab exordio Urbis,

Suet. Vesp. 8; id. Tib. 42:

tertius (annus) a prima vigilia sumens exordium,

Amm. 26, 1, 9.—In plur.:

rerum,

Lucr. 2, 333; 3, 31; 4, 114; cf. Verg. E. 6, 33:

priva animaï,

Lucr. 3, 380:

solis lunaeque,

id. 5, 471:

rationis,

id. 1, 149:

primae pugnae,

Verg. A. 7, 40 et saep.—

In partic., of speech:

saepe animadverti, summos oratores in dicendi exordio permoveri,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 122:

ergo ita nascetur exordium,

id. Tusc. 1, 4 fin. —As part of a speech or writing, the introduction, exordium, proëm, preface (syn.:

prooemium, praefatio, prologus): exordium est principium orationis, per quod animus auditoris aut judicis constituitur vel apparatur ad audiendum,

Auct. Her. 1, 3, 4; cf. Quint. 4, 1, 1 sq.:

tum denique id, quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 77 fin.:

proximus liber a prima parte, id est exordio incipiet,

Quint. 3, 11, 28; 1, 12, 19:

in exordio pro Milone,

id. 9, 4, 133; 9, 4, 74 et saep.— In plur., Quint. 11, 3, 161:

quae prima exordia sumat?

Verg. A. 4, 284.—

Transf., a writing, treatise, in gen., Col. 5, 11, 13; 7, 5, 1; 7, 12, 1 al.

ex-pers, tis, adj. [pars], having no part in, not sharing in, not privy to.

Prop. (rare but class.).—Constr. with gen.:

ne expers partis esset de nostris bonis,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 39:

communis juris et consilii (opp. particeps libertatis),

Cic. Rep. 1, 27, 43:

sunt expertes imperii, consilii publici, judicii delectorum judicum,

id. ib. 1, 31, 47 Mos.:

tanti tam inusitati consilii,

id. Att. 8, 8, 1; cf.:

animum advorte nunc jam, Quapropter te expertem amoris nati habuerim,

i. e. left ignorant of his amour, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 83.—

Transf., in gen., destitute or devoid of, free from, without (freq. and class.).— Constr. in class. lang. with gen.; ante-class. and in Sall. also with abl.

With gen.: omnium vitiūm expers, Titin. ap. Non. 495, 13:

laboris,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 16:

omnis eruditionis expers atque ignarus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 1, 1:

veritatis,

id. ib. 2, 19, 81:

negotii publici,

id. Rep. 1, 2:

humanitatis,

id. Div. 2, 38, 81:

nuptiarum,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 11:

viri,

Ov. M. 1, 479:

ferae rationis et orationis expertes,

Cic. Off. 1, 16, 50:

Chium (vinum) maris expers,

without sea-water, Hor. S. 2, 8, 15:

sui,

Cic. Lael. 23, 87; cf.:

ut nulla ejus vitae pars summae turpitudinis esset expers,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 191:

vis consili expers,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 65 et saep.: expers matris imperii, free from, i. e. neglectful of, disobedient to, Plaut. As. 3, 1, 2.—

With abl.:

ea res me domo expertem facit,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 40:

eo more,

id. Am. 2, 2, 81:

metu,

id. As. 1, 1, 31: malitiis, Turp. ap. Non. 501, 7:

omnes famā atque fortunis expertes sumus,

Sall. C. 33, 1.

gyrus, i, m., = guros, a circle, esp. that which is described by a horse in its movements (mostly poet.; cf.: circus, circulus, orbis, orbita).

Lit.:

nec equi variare gyros in morem nostrum docentur,

Tac. G. 6; so of a circular course, ring, for horses, Verg. G. 3, 115:

carpere gyrum,

id. ib. 3, 191:

curvo brevius compellere gyro,

Tib. 4, 1, 93; Manil. 5, 74; Ov. A. A. 3, 384; Luc. 1, 425 et saep.:

adytis cum lubricus anguis ab imis Septem ingens gyros, septena volumina traxit,

Verg. A. 5, 85:

ducensque per aëra gyros Miluus,

Ov. Am. 2, 6, 33:

apes gyros volatu edunt,

Plin. 11, 20, 22, § 68:

grues gyros quosdam indecoro cursu peragunt,

id. 10, 23, 30, § 59:

quem (turbinem) pueri magno in gyro...intenti ludo exercent,

Verg. A. 7, 379:

in gyrum Euripo addito (in Circo),

i. e. around, round about, Suet. Caes. 39.—

Transf., the place where horses are trained, a course ( poet.):

gyrum pulsat equis,

Prop. 3, 14 (4, 13), 11.—

Trop., a circle, circuit, career, course: mensis artiore (quam annus) praecingitur circulo;

angustissimum habet dies gyrum,

Sen. Ep. 12; cf.:

seu bruma nivalem Interiore diem gyro trahit,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 26:

similique gyro venient aliorum vices,

circuit, course, Phaedr. 4, 26, 25:

homines secundis rebus effrenatos tamquam in gyrum rationis et doctrinae duci oportere,

Cic. Off. 1, 26, 70:

oratorem in exiguum gyrum compellere,

id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; Prop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 21; cf.:

attrahe vela Fortius et gyro curre, poëta, tuo,

Ov. R. Am. 398:

in dialecticae gyris consenescere,

Gell. 16, 8, 17.

hăbĭtus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from habeo, q. v. fin.

hăbĭtus, ūs, m. [1. habitus, P. a., from habeo], the condition or state of a thing (class.).

Lit.

In gen., condition, plight, habit, deportment, appearance of the body (in sing. and plur.):

cum ille vir (Q. Metellus) integerrima aetate, optimo habitu, maximis viribus eriperetur bonis omnibus,

Cic. Cael. 24, 59:

qui habitus et quae figura non procul abesse putatur a vitae periculo,

id. Brut. 91, 313; cf.:

qui non tam habitus corporis opimos quam gracilitates consectentur,

id. ib. 16, 64:

mediocris,

id. ib. 91, 316:

oris,

id. N. D. 1, 25, 99:

oris et vultus,

id. Fin. 3, 17, 56:

habitu corporis brevis fuit (Horatius), Suet. Vit. Hor.: corporum,

Tac. G. 4; cf.:

positio caeli corporibus habitum dedit,

id. Agr. 11:

adde vultum habitumque hominis,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 92:

moderati aequabilesque,

Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 36:

signa virginali habitu atque vestitu,

deportment, appearance, id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5; cf.:

Himera in muliebrem figuram habitumque formata,

id. ib. 2, 2, 35, §

87: habitum vestitumque pristinum reducere,

Suet. Aug. 40:

vestitu calciatuque et cetero habitu,

id. Calig. 52:

idem habitus cunctis, tonsi rectique capilli, etc.,

Juv. 11, 149:

nudus agas... en habitum, quo, etc.,

id. 2, 72: diversus est ascendentium habitus et descendentium: qui per pronum eunt, resupinant corpora;

qui in arduum, incumbunt,

carriage, posture, Sen. Ep. 123 fin.:

cujus motum et habitum et incessum imitaretur,

Suet. Claud. 4: morbus est habitus cujusque corporis contra naturam, Cael. Sab. ap. Gell. 4, 2, 3:

puberem esse dicunt qui habitu corporis pubes apparet,

Ulp. Fragm. 11, 28; Gai. Inst. 1, 196.—

Of things, esp. of places (so perh. not till after the Aug. per.), condition, habit, appearance, etc.: (praedisccre) patrios cultusque habitusque locorum, Verg. G. 1, 52, cf.:

longe alius Italiae quam Indiae visus illi habitus esset,

Liv. 9, 17, 17:

maris,

Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 4:

domicilii,

Col. 9, 15, 8:

armorum,

Liv. 9, 36, 6:

pecuniarum,

id. 1, 42, 5:

temporum,

id. 10, 46, 2 et saep.:

urbs in habitum pulveris redacta,

Val. Max. 9, 3, ext. 3.—

In partic., dress, attire (not before the Aug. per.; esp. freq in Suet.; cf.:

vestis, vestitus): Punicus cultus habitusque suspectos legatos fecit Hannibalis,

Liv. 23, 34, 6:

Theopompus permutato cum uxore habitu e custodia, ut mulier, evasit,

Quint. 2, 17, 20; cf. id. 3, 7, 6:

Romano,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 54; cf.:

Graeco, Romano uti,

Suet. Aug. 98:

Gallico,

id. Caes. 58:

pastorum,

Liv. 9, 2, 2:

triumphalis,

Quint. 11, 1, 3; cf.

triumphantis,

Suet. Ner. 13:

lugentis,

id. Calig. 13:

scenico,

id. Ner. 38:

quadrigario,

id. Calig. 19:

suus,

Phaedr. 1, 3, 2:

segmenta et longos habitus et flammea sumit,

Juv. 2, 124; 3, 177; Tac. H. 1, 85 et saep.—

Trop.

In gen., quality, nature, character:

qui manet ut moneatur semper... servos is habitu hau probost,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 2:

justitia est habitus animi communi utilitate conservata suam cuique tribuens dignitatem,

Cic. Inv. 2, 53, 160:

naturae ipsius habitu prope divino,

id. Arch. 7, 15:

prudentem non ex ipsius habitu, sed ex aliqua re externa judicare,

id. Leg. 1, 16, 45:

aut habitu aut natura... habitu, ut facile et cito irascatur, etc.,

id. Top. 16, 62:

ad rationis habitum perducere,

id. Fin. 4, 14, 37:

ne gloriari libeat alienis bonis Suoque potius habitu vitam degere,

Phaedr. 1, 3, 2:

si habitum etiam orationis et quasi colorem aliquem requiritis,

Cic. de Or. 3, 52, 199:

habitus quidam et quasi gestus (sermonis),

Quint. 9, 1, 13; 5, 12, 18; cf. id. 11, 3, 62.—

In partic.

A state of feeling, disposition (friendly or hostile) with regard to any one (mostly post-Aug.):

quis fuerit eo tempore civitatis habitus, qui singulorum animi, etc.,

Vell. 2, 99, 3; cf.:

quae mens exercituum, quis habitus provinciarum,

Tac. H. 1, 4:

hic quidem Romae habitus animorum fuit,

id. ib. 1, 8:

ex praesenti eos potius quam praeterito aestimat habitu,

Liv. 32, 14, 6.—

In philos. lang., an acquired perfect state or condition:

habitum appellamus animi aut corporis constantem et absolutam aliqua in re perfectionem: ut virtutis aut artis perceptionem alicujus, aut quamvis scientiam, et item corporis aliquam commoditatem, non natura datam, sed studio et industria partam,

Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 36:

habitus... in aliqua perfecta et constanti animi aut corporis absolutione consistit, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 9, 30.

hŏmo, ĭnis (archaic form hemonem hominem dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 100 Müll.; cf. humanus init., and nēmo, from nĕ-hĕmo: homōnem, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 683 P. = [p. 860] Ann. v. 141 Vahl.:

hŏmōnes,

Naev. 1, 1), comm. [root in humus, Gr. chamai; cf. Germ. -gam in Bräutigam; O. H. Germ. gomo; Goth. guma; Old Engl. goom; Engl. groom; cf. also Gr. epichthonioi; Hebr. Adam], a human being, man.

Lit.

In gen.:

animal hoc providum, sagax, multiplex, acutum, memor, plenum rationis et consilii quem vocamus hominem, praeclara quadam condicione generatum esse a summo deo, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 22; cf.

, on the natural history of man,

Plin. 7 praef. sq.; § 5 sq.: decem hominibus vitam eripis, indictā causā, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 25 (24), 12: dum quidem unus homo Romanus toga superescit, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 302 Müll. (Ann. v. 486 Vahl.); cf.: unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 313 ib.): navus repertus homo Graio patre Graius homo rex, id. ap. Fest. p. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 183 ib.):

homo jam grandior,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 15:

homo amicus nobis... homo antiqua virtute ac fide,

id. Ad. 3, 3, 86 sq.; cf.:

bonus homo et nobis amicus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 18 fin.: quid est, quod homo masculus lubentius videre debeat bella uxore? Varr. ap. Non. 248, 16:

infelix,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169:

homo omni doctrina eruditus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13; cf.:

homo summā prudentiā, multā etiam doctrinā,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 5:

de hujus hominis (i. e. Pompei) felicitate, etc.,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:

iners atque inutilis,

id. Off. 3, 6, 31; cf.:

contemptus et abjectus,

id. Agr. 2, 34, 93:

insulsus,

id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15; cf.

also: hominum homo stultissime,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10:

quid hoc homine faciatis?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 16, § 42:

consulere generi hominum,

the human race, mankind, id. Rep. 3, 12:

genus hominum,

id. ib. 2, 26; id. de Or. 1, 9, 36; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7 et saep. (more freq., genus humanum; v. humanus and genus); cf.:

natura hominem conciliat homini... hominum coetus et celebrationes,

Cic. Off. 1, 4, 12:

placet Stoicis, quae in terris gignantur, ad usum hominum omnia creari, homines autem hominum causa esse generatos,

id. ib. 1, 7, 22:

homines plurimum hominibus et prosunt et obsunt,

id. ib. 2, 5, 17: is dictus popularibus olim, Qui tum vivebant homines, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 15, 58 (Ann. v. 308 Vahl.):

homines Romani,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:

lege conciliati homines cum dis putandi sunt,

id. Leg. 1, 7, 23:

pro deum atque hominum fidem!

Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 16 et saep.: divumque hominumque pater, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 65 Müll. (Ann. v. 566 Vahl.); so, id. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 4 (Ann. v. 567) and ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 254); but homo, sing., is used of the human race, mankind (= homines, genus humanum), when it has no predicate joined with it:

qua haud scio an quidquam melius sit homini datum,

Cic. Lael. 6, 20; 3, 11:

taces, Monstrum hominis?

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 29; cf.:

odium illud hominis impuri,

Cic. Fam. 12, 1, 1:

quid hoc sit hominis?

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 26; cf.:

quid illuc hominus est?

Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 17;

in addresses: nisi caves tu homo, etc.,

id. Heaut. 5, 3, 1:

tu homo adigis me ad insaniam,

id. Ad. 1, 2, 31.—In apposition:

mares homines,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 32:

amanti homini adulescenti,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 94; cf.:

filius homo adulescens,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 52;

v. adulescens: verberare hominem senem,

id. Ad. 4, 2, 23:

servom hominem,

id. Phorm. 2, 1, 62:

oculi hominis histrionis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 193:

nemo homo,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 29; cf.:

ut homo nemo velit nisi hominis similis esse,

Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78;

v. nemo. —Of females: mater, cujus ea stultitia est, ut eam nemo hominem appellare possit,

Cic. Clu. 70, 199:

quae (Io) bos ex homine est,

Ov. F. 5, 620; Juv. 6, 284:

dulcissimum ab hominis camelinum lac,

Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 123: homines feminae (opp. mares homines), Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 3.—

Prov.

Quot homines, tot sententiae, many men, many minds, i. e. every one has his own opinion, Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 14; Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 15.—

Ut homo est, ita morem geras, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 77 (but in Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 36 spurious, v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—

Homines, dum docent, discunt, Sen. Ep. 7, 8 fin. —

Aiunt homines plus in alieno negotio videre quam in suo, the lookers-on see farther in the game than the players, id. ib. 109, 16. —

Homo nulli coloris, neither fish nor flesh, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 99.—

Homo sum; humani nihil a me alienum puto, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 25; cf.:

homo ego sum, homo tu es,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 46.—

Lupus homo homini, non homo, quom qualis sit non novit, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 88.—

In partic.

Pregn., in a good or a bad sense.

In a good sense (cf. vir), a man, as a reasonable or moral being:

homo es, qui me emunxisti mucidum,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 57:

si homo esset, eum potius legeret,

Cic. Att. 2, 2, 2:

nox te expolivit hominemque reddidit,

id. de Or. 2, 10, 40:

si vis homo esse,

id. Att. 4, 15, 2:

homines visi sumus,

id. ib. 13, 52, 2:

nos quod simus, quod habeamus, quod homines existimemur, id omne abs te habere,

id. Fam. 7, 29, 1:

si tu sis homo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 11:

et tu illum tuom, si esses homo, sineres, etc.,

if you had a man's sense, id. ib. 1, 2, 27:

exuens hominem ex homine,

Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35: cum Socrates Alcibiadi persuasisset, eum nihil hominis esse, that he was nothing of a man (i. e. in no respect such as a man should be), id. Tusc. 3, 32, 77:

(Nero) dicebat se quasi hominem tandem habitare coepisse,

like a human being, Suet. Ner. 31:

me hominem inter homines voluit esse,

Petr. 39. —

In a bad sense, a man, as a weak, mortal being, subject to error, of low condition (rare):

fateor me saepe peccasse, nam et homo sum et adhuc juvenis,

Petr. 130: cf.

homines sumus, non dei,

id. 75:

(Demosthenes, Homerus) summi sunt, homines tamen,

Quint. 10, 1, 25.—In fem.: quae si hoc tempore non diem suum obiisset, paucis post annis tamen ei moriendum fuit, quoniam homo nata fuerat, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4.—Also of servants (as distinguished from a free Roman): homo P. Quinti, Quintus's man, i. e. his slave, servant, Cic. Quint. 19, 61:

vinum familiae... Saturnalibus et Compitalibus in singulos homines congios,

Cato, R. R. 57, 2; Cat. 10, 16.—

In opp. to a woman, a man (anteand post-class., and very rare):

mi homo et mea mulier, vos saluto,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 57; Lact. 2, 12; Dig. 48, 19, 38.—

In milit. lang., homines, opp. to cavalry, foot-soldiers, infantry:

capti homines equitesque producebantur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 39, 5; cf. vir. —

Homo novus, v. novus.—

Bodies, corpses:

jam pigritia singulos sepeliendi promisce acervatos cumulos hominum urebant,

Liv. 5, 48, 3.—

Particular phrases.

Paucorum hominum esse, to have but few intimates, be choice in one's company: (Maecenas) paucorum hominum et mentis bene sanae. Hor. S. 1, 9, 44:

homo est Perpaucorum hominum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 19.— Hence, comically, of the favorite but rare fish, acipenser: Scipio vide, quid agas: acipenser iste paucorum hominum est, Cic. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12 (see the anecdote in connection).—

Inter homines esse (agere).

To be among the living, to be alive, to live (very rare):

Hercules numquam abiisset ad deos, nisi cum inter homines esset, eam sibi viam munivisset,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 32:

inter homines esse desinere,

i. e. to die, Dig. 31, 1, 59; so,

agere inter homines desinere,

Tac. A. 15, 74 fin.:

ab hominibus ereptus est,

Dig. 31, 1, 58.—

To see the world, be among men:

iste homo qui numquam inter homines fuerit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 28, 76.—

Transf., esp. in familiar lang., the man, the fellow, instead of the pron. he, his, him:

haben argentum ab homine?

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 65:

ibi homo coepit me obsecrare, ut, etc.,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 30:

itast homo,

id. Ad. 1, 2, 63:

dixit, se senatui roganti de Marcello ne hominis quidem causa negaturum,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 3:

ei medico imperasti, ut venas hominis incideret,

id. Pis. 34, 83:

tantum esse in homine sceleris,

id. Sest. 9, 22 Halm.; 41, 89; id. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62:

persuasit homini,

Nep. Dat. 10, 3:

aut insanit homo aut versus facit,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 117:

agnoscit hominem Caesar,

Phaedr. 2, 5, 19 Burm. ad loc.; al.—

Hic homo, this man, = I, myself (ante-class. and poet.):

hunc hominem velles si tradere,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 47:

solus hic homo est, qui sciat, etc.,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 33:

tibi verba, huic homini verbera,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 114 (cf. hic, G.).

ignārus, a, um (also, ‡ ignarures agnoountes, Gloss. Philox.; v. gnarus init.), adj. [in-gnarus, like ignavus, ignotus, from the negative in and gnavus, gnotus], ignorant of a thing, not knowing, unacquainted with, inexperienced, unaware (syn.: inscius, nescius, insciens).

Lit. (freq. and class.); constr. usu. with the gen.; less frequently with a rel.-clause, with acc. and inf., with inf. alone, or absol.

With gen.:

ait se peregrinum esse, hujus ignarum oppidi,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 43:

imprudens harum rerum ignarusque omnium,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 56:

audi, ne te ignarum fuisse dicas meorum morum,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 6; id. Hec. 4, 4, 53:

ignara artis meretriciae,

id. Heaut. 2, 1, 14:

oratorem ne physicorum quidem esse ignarum volo,

Cic. Or. 34, 119; cf.:

physicae rationis ignari,

id. N. D. 2, 21, 54:

ignarus si sit facundiae ac poliendae orationis,

id. de Or. 1, 14, 63:

alicujus rei ignarus atque insolens,

id. ib. 1, 48, 207:

magna pars Pisonis ignari,

i. e. not knowing him, Tac. H. 4, 50; cf.:

alter alterius ignarus,

Plin. 11, 30, 36, § 109:

ignara puella mariti,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 132:

formica haud ignara ac non incauta futuri,

id. S. 1, 1, 35.—Of inanim. and abstr. things:

qui gurges aut quae flumina lugubris Ignara belli,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 34; Stat. S. 2, 2, 149:

non ignara philosophiae grammatice,

Quint. 1, 4, 4:

ignara hujusce doctrinae loquacitas,

id. 12, 2, 20.—

With rel. clause:

ignari, quid gravitas, quid integritas... quid denique virtus valeret,

Cic. Sest. 28, 60; id. Top. 20, 75:

cum quid ageretur in locis reliquis, essent ignari,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 43, 2:

haud ignari quanta invidiae immineret, tempestas,

Liv. 3, 38, 6:

quo essent in loco ignari,

Quint. 8, 3, 4.—

With acc. and inf.:

quamquam non sumus ignari multos studiose contra esse dicturos,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 3:

ignari venisse dictatorem,

Liv. 8, 36, 2; 21, 22, 1:

ignarus, non omnes esse rogandos,

Ov. M. 6, 263:

non quidem sibi ignarum, posse argui quod, etc.,

i. e. he well knew, Tac. A. 4, 8.—

With inf. alone:

placito ignara moveri Atropos,

Stat. Th. 3, 67.—

Absol.:

tu me ignaro nec opinante, inscio notes et tuos et tuorum amicorum necessarios, etc.,

Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

ubi imperium ad ignaros pervenit, etc.,

Sall. C. 51, 27; id. J. 91, 1; cf. id. Quint. 20, 64: obpressit igitur necopinantes ignarosque omnes Perseus. Liv. 40, 57, 1:

si quis laudat Arelli Sollicitas ignarus opes,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 79:

quisnam ignarum nostris deus appulit oris?

Verg. A. 3, 338.— Sup.: Ba. An nescis quae sit haec res? Si. Juxta cum ignarissimis, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 62.—

Transf.

Unmindful, regardless of any thing:

o socii (neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum), O passi graviora, etc.,

Verg. A. 1, 198.—

Pass. (like gnarus), not known, unknown, = ignotus (mostly poet.;

not in Cic.): ignarus aeque (ac nescius) utroqueversum dicitur, non tantum qui ignorat, sed et qui ignoratur. Sallustius: more humanae cupidinis ignara visundi. Vergilius (A. 10, 706),

Gell. 9, 12, 20 sq.; cf. Non. 129, 18 sq.:

mare magnum et ignara lingua commercia prohibebant,

Sall. J. 18, 6:

quibus agrestis vita est, circumscriptio ignara est et fraus, Sen. de Ira, 3, 2: quem (amorem) non Fors ignara dedit, sed saeva Cupidinis ira,

unknown, obscure, Ov. M. 1, 453. —

With dat.: pauci interiere: plerosque velocitas et regio hostibus ignara tutata [p. 880] sunt, Sall. J. 52, 4; cf. Tac. A. 2, 13:

jamque aderat Theseus, proles ignara parenti,

Ov. M. 7, 404:

non quidem sibi ignara, quae de Silano vulgabantur,

Tac. A. 3, 69.— Sup.:

quaedam (sidera) sunt aliis omnino ignarissima,

Gell. 14, 1, 13.

impĕtus ( inp-), ūs (dat. impetu, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 3; no gen. plur.; abl. impetibus, Lucr. 1, 293; v. also impes), m. [impeto], an attack, assault, onset (freq. and class.; in sing. and plur. equally common).

Lit.

In gen.:

incursio atque impetus armatorum,

Cic. Caecin. 15, 44:

gladiis destrictis in eos impetum fecerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 2:

impetum facere in aliquem,

id. ib. 1, 46 fin.; Hirt. B. G. 8, 18, 4:

in agros,

Liv. 1, 5, 4:

ad regem,

id. 1, 5, 7; cf.:

in hostes,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 3:

dare impetum in aliquem,

Liv. 4, 28, 1; 2, 19, 7:

capere impetum in aliquem,

Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 91:

hostes impetu facto celeriter nostros perturbaverunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 1:

oppidum magno impetu oppugnare,

id. ib. 2, 6:

primo hostium impetu pulsi,

id. ib. 2, 24, 1:

impetus gladiorum excipere,

id. ib. 1, 52, 4:

impetum sustinere,

id. ib. 3, 2, 4:

ferre impetum,

id. ib. 3, 19, 3:

fracto impetu levissimi hominis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2:

impetum propulsare,

id. Mur. 1, 2:

nec primum quidem impetum, nec secundum, nec tertium, sustinere potuerunt,

Flor. 3, 3, 4; Liv. 33, 36, 11:

uno impetu,

Curt. 8, 14, 18; Lact. 3, 26, 10; 5, 4, 1:

coërcere,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 180:

aquarum domare,

id. 31, 6, 31, § 58:

nec tantum (cupiditates) in alios caeco impetu incurrunt, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 44.— Poet.: biformato impetu Centaurus, with double - shaped attack, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8 fin.; v. biformatus.—

In partic.

In medic. lang., an attack of a disease, a fit, paroxysm:

febris,

Cels. 2, 15:

pituitae,

Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 183:

coeliacorum,

id. 20, 14, 53, § 148: oculorum, i. e. inflammation, id. 20, 3, 8, § 16:

thymum e vino tumores et impetus tollit,

id. 21, 21, 89, § 157; so absol., id. 22, 25, 58, § 122. —

In mechanics, the pressure of a load, Vitr. 6, 3.—

Transf., in gen. (without reference to an object), violent impulse, violent or rapid motion, impetus, impetuosity, violence, fury, vehemence, vigor, force.

Physical: labitur uncta carina, volat super impetus undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.):

in magno impetu maris atque aperto,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8, 1:

Hebri,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 59:

impetus caeli,

i. e. rapid motion, Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Lucr. 5, 200. — Hence also poet.: quieti corpus nocturno impetu Dedi, in the nocturnal revolution, i. e. in the night, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

impetus ipse animaï Et fera vis venti,

Lucr. 6, 591; cf.:

tantos impetus ventorum sustinere,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6.—

Mental, impulse, vehemence, ardor, passion, etc.

Sing.:

repentino quodam impetu animi incitatus,

internal pressure, impulse, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49; cf.:

ut tota mente omnique animi impetu in rem publicam incumbas,

id. Fam. 10, 5, 2; id. Att. 11, 5, 1:

impetu magis quam consilio,

Liv. 42, 29, 11:

aliter in oratione nec impetus ullus nec vis esse potest,

Cic. Or. 68, 229; cf.:

ad omnem impetum dicendi,

id. Deiot. 2, 5:

actiones quae recitantur impetum omnem caloremque perdunt,

Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 2:

resumere impetum fractum omissumque,

id. ib. 7, 9, 6:

adulescens impetus ad bella maximi,

Vell. 2, 55, 2:

est prudentis, sustinere ut currum sic impetum benevolentiae,

Cic. Lael. 17, 63:

divinus impetus,

id. Div. 1, 49, 111:

si ex hoc impetu rerum nihil prolatando remittitur,

Liv. 37, 19, 5:

donec impetus famae et favor exercitus languesceret,

Tac. Agr. 39 fin.:

est mihi per saevas impetus ire feras,

I feel an impulse, Ov. H. 4, 38:

Bessus occidendi protinus regis impetum ceperat,

had formed a sudden purpose, Curt. 5, 12, 1:

statim moriendi impetum cepit,

Suet. Oth. 9.—

Prov.: Da spatium tenuemque moram, male cuncta ministrat impetus,

haste makes waste, Stat. Th. 10, 704 sq. —

Plur.:

animalia, quae habent suos impetus et rerum appetitus,

impulses, instincts, Cic. Off. 2, 3, 11:

an fortitudo, nisi insanire coeperit, impetus suos non habebit?

id. Tusc. 4, 22, 50:

temperantia est rationis in libidinem atque in alios non rectos impetus animi firma et moderata dominatio,

id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:

insanos atque indomitos impetus vulgi cohibere,

id. Rep. 1, 5.

inculcātor, ōris, m. [id.].

One who tramples upon:

diaboli,

Tert. adv. Gnost. 6. —

One who insists on or inculcates:

rationis,

Cassiod. Var. 12, 1 fin.

infirmātĭo, ōnis. f. [1. infirmo], a weakening, invalidating.

Rerum judicatarum, Cic. Agr. 2, 3, 8; 2, 4, 10.—

Transf., a refuting, disproving:

judicatio est, quae ex infirmatione et confirmatione rationis nascitur controversia,

Cic. Inv. 1, 13, 18; 2, 21, 62.

ĭnops, ŏpis, adj. [2. in-opis], without resources, helpless, weak (class.).

In gen.:

ab ope inops, qui ejus indiget,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 92 Müll.:

inopes relicti a duce,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34:

nihil cum potentiore juris humani relinquitur inopi,

Liv. 9, 1, 8:

solare inopem et succurre relictae,

Verg. A. 9, 290.—

With ab:

sic inopes et ab amicis, et ab existimatione sunt,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 2. —

With inf.:

inopes laudis conscendere carmen,

unable, Prop. 2, 10, 23 (3, 1, 23 Müll.).—

In partic., helpless through poverty, destitute, needy, indigent.

Lit.:

res pauperes inopesque,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 24:

aerarium inops et exhaustum,

empty, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 70, § 164:

te semper inops vexet cupido,

unsated, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 98:

domus cujusvis inopis,

Nep. Ages. 7, 4. —Esp., of the dead who could not pay Charon's fee:

haec omnis inops inhumataque turba est,

Verg. A. 6, 325; cf.:

infletaeque jacent inopes super arva catervae,

Aus. Mos. 4: mortuis in ore nummum immittere, ut apud inferos non tamquam inopes errent, Schol. Juv. 3, 267. —

With gen., destitute of, without:

humanitatis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 10, 40:

amicorum,

id. Lael. 15:

animi,

Verg. A. 4, 300:

mentis,

Ov. F. 4, 457:

consilii,

Liv. 26, 18, 6:

rationis,

Stat. Th. 1, 373:

senatus auxilii humani,

Liv. 3, 7, 7:

terra pacis,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 96:

somni cibique,

id. M. 14, 424:

provinciae virorum,

Tac. H. 2, 67:

miles Martis,

that never fights, Sil. 9, 334.—

Plur. as subst.: ĭnŏpes, um, opp. potentes, Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 61, 17 Dietsch.— Sing.:

si nihil cum potentiore juris humani relinquitur inopi,

Liv. 9, 1, 8. —

Trop.

Of inanimate things, mean, wretched, contemptible:

inopis et pusilli animi esse,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 17:

nostras inopes noluit esse vias,

Ov. Ib. 24:

advorsus atque inops amor,

Lucr. 4, 1142:

odia aegra sine armis errabant, iraeque inopes,

impotent, Val. Fl. 5, 147:

vita,

Vell. 2, 19, 4. —

Of speech, poor in words or ideas, meagre:

non erat abundans, non inops tamen,

Cic. Brut. 67, 238:

non inops verbis,

id. ib. 70, 247:

ad ornandum,

id. ib. 76, 263:

Latinam linguam non modo non inopem, sed locupletiorem etiam esse quam Graecam,

id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

vir inopi lingua et infacundus,

Gell. 18, 8, 6.

ĭnops, ŏpis, adj. [2. in-opis], without resources, helpless, weak (class.).

In gen.:

ab ope inops, qui ejus indiget,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 92 Müll.:

inopes relicti a duce,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34:

nihil cum potentiore juris humani relinquitur inopi,

Liv. 9, 1, 8:

solare inopem et succurre relictae,

Verg. A. 9, 290.—

With ab:

sic inopes et ab amicis, et ab existimatione sunt,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 2. —

With inf.:

inopes laudis conscendere carmen,

unable, Prop. 2, 10, 23 (3, 1, 23 Müll.).—

In partic., helpless through poverty, destitute, needy, indigent.

Lit.:

res pauperes inopesque,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 24:

aerarium inops et exhaustum,

empty, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 70, § 164:

te semper inops vexet cupido,

unsated, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 98:

domus cujusvis inopis,

Nep. Ages. 7, 4. —Esp., of the dead who could not pay Charon's fee:

haec omnis inops inhumataque turba est,

Verg. A. 6, 325; cf.:

infletaeque jacent inopes super arva catervae,

Aus. Mos. 4: mortuis in ore nummum immittere, ut apud inferos non tamquam inopes errent, Schol. Juv. 3, 267. —

With gen., destitute of, without:

humanitatis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 10, 40:

amicorum,

id. Lael. 15:

animi,

Verg. A. 4, 300:

mentis,

Ov. F. 4, 457:

consilii,

Liv. 26, 18, 6:

rationis,

Stat. Th. 1, 373:

senatus auxilii humani,

Liv. 3, 7, 7:

terra pacis,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 96:

somni cibique,

id. M. 14, 424:

provinciae virorum,

Tac. H. 2, 67:

miles Martis,

that never fights, Sil. 9, 334.—

Plur. as subst.: ĭnŏpes, um, opp. potentes, Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 61, 17 Dietsch.— Sing.:

si nihil cum potentiore juris humani relinquitur inopi,

Liv. 9, 1, 8. —

Trop.

Of inanimate things, mean, wretched, contemptible:

inopis et pusilli animi esse,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 17:

nostras inopes noluit esse vias,

Ov. Ib. 24:

advorsus atque inops amor,

Lucr. 4, 1142:

odia aegra sine armis errabant, iraeque inopes,

impotent, Val. Fl. 5, 147:

vita,

Vell. 2, 19, 4. —

Of speech, poor in words or ideas, meagre:

non erat abundans, non inops tamen,

Cic. Brut. 67, 238:

non inops verbis,

id. ib. 70, 247:

ad ornandum,

id. ib. 76, 263:

Latinam linguam non modo non inopem, sed locupletiorem etiam esse quam Graecam,

id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

vir inopi lingua et infacundus,

Gell. 18, 8, 6.

impĕtus ( inp-), ūs (dat. impetu, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 3; no gen. plur.; abl. impetibus, Lucr. 1, 293; v. also impes), m. [impeto], an attack, assault, onset (freq. and class.; in sing. and plur. equally common).

Lit.

In gen.:

incursio atque impetus armatorum,

Cic. Caecin. 15, 44:

gladiis destrictis in eos impetum fecerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 2:

impetum facere in aliquem,

id. ib. 1, 46 fin.; Hirt. B. G. 8, 18, 4:

in agros,

Liv. 1, 5, 4:

ad regem,

id. 1, 5, 7; cf.:

in hostes,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 3:

dare impetum in aliquem,

Liv. 4, 28, 1; 2, 19, 7:

capere impetum in aliquem,

Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 91:

hostes impetu facto celeriter nostros perturbaverunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 1:

oppidum magno impetu oppugnare,

id. ib. 2, 6:

primo hostium impetu pulsi,

id. ib. 2, 24, 1:

impetus gladiorum excipere,

id. ib. 1, 52, 4:

impetum sustinere,

id. ib. 3, 2, 4:

ferre impetum,

id. ib. 3, 19, 3:

fracto impetu levissimi hominis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2:

impetum propulsare,

id. Mur. 1, 2:

nec primum quidem impetum, nec secundum, nec tertium, sustinere potuerunt,

Flor. 3, 3, 4; Liv. 33, 36, 11:

uno impetu,

Curt. 8, 14, 18; Lact. 3, 26, 10; 5, 4, 1:

coërcere,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 180:

aquarum domare,

id. 31, 6, 31, § 58:

nec tantum (cupiditates) in alios caeco impetu incurrunt, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 44.— Poet.: biformato impetu Centaurus, with double - shaped attack, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8 fin.; v. biformatus.—

In partic.

In medic. lang., an attack of a disease, a fit, paroxysm:

febris,

Cels. 2, 15:

pituitae,

Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 183:

coeliacorum,

id. 20, 14, 53, § 148: oculorum, i. e. inflammation, id. 20, 3, 8, § 16:

thymum e vino tumores et impetus tollit,

id. 21, 21, 89, § 157; so absol., id. 22, 25, 58, § 122. —

In mechanics, the pressure of a load, Vitr. 6, 3.—

Transf., in gen. (without reference to an object), violent impulse, violent or rapid motion, impetus, impetuosity, violence, fury, vehemence, vigor, force.

Physical: labitur uncta carina, volat super impetus undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.):

in magno impetu maris atque aperto,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8, 1:

Hebri,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 59:

impetus caeli,

i. e. rapid motion, Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Lucr. 5, 200. — Hence also poet.: quieti corpus nocturno impetu Dedi, in the nocturnal revolution, i. e. in the night, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

impetus ipse animaï Et fera vis venti,

Lucr. 6, 591; cf.:

tantos impetus ventorum sustinere,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6.—

Mental, impulse, vehemence, ardor, passion, etc.

Sing.:

repentino quodam impetu animi incitatus,

internal pressure, impulse, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49; cf.:

ut tota mente omnique animi impetu in rem publicam incumbas,

id. Fam. 10, 5, 2; id. Att. 11, 5, 1:

impetu magis quam consilio,

Liv. 42, 29, 11:

aliter in oratione nec impetus ullus nec vis esse potest,

Cic. Or. 68, 229; cf.:

ad omnem impetum dicendi,

id. Deiot. 2, 5:

actiones quae recitantur impetum omnem caloremque perdunt,

Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 2:

resumere impetum fractum omissumque,

id. ib. 7, 9, 6:

adulescens impetus ad bella maximi,

Vell. 2, 55, 2:

est prudentis, sustinere ut currum sic impetum benevolentiae,

Cic. Lael. 17, 63:

divinus impetus,

id. Div. 1, 49, 111:

si ex hoc impetu rerum nihil prolatando remittitur,

Liv. 37, 19, 5:

donec impetus famae et favor exercitus languesceret,

Tac. Agr. 39 fin.:

est mihi per saevas impetus ire feras,

I feel an impulse, Ov. H. 4, 38:

Bessus occidendi protinus regis impetum ceperat,

had formed a sudden purpose, Curt. 5, 12, 1:

statim moriendi impetum cepit,

Suet. Oth. 9.—

Prov.: Da spatium tenuemque moram, male cuncta ministrat impetus,

haste makes waste, Stat. Th. 10, 704 sq. —

Plur.:

animalia, quae habent suos impetus et rerum appetitus,

impulses, instincts, Cic. Off. 2, 3, 11:

an fortitudo, nisi insanire coeperit, impetus suos non habebit?

id. Tusc. 4, 22, 50:

temperantia est rationis in libidinem atque in alios non rectos impetus animi firma et moderata dominatio,

id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:

insanos atque indomitos impetus vulgi cohibere,

id. Rep. 1, 5.

intellĕgentĭa ( intellĭg-), ae, f. [intellego], the power of discerning or understanding, discernment, understanding, intelligence.

Lit.:

Deus intellegentiam in animo inclusit,

Cic. Univ. 3:

intellegentia est, per quam animus ea perspicit, quae sunt,

id. Inv. 2, 53:

pars animi, rationis atque intellegentiae particeps,

id. de Div. 1, 32, 70:

infixam nostram intellegentiam capere, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 19, 49 fin.:

fretus intellegentia vestra dissero brevius,

id. ib. 1, 19, 49:

quod in nostram intellegentiam cadit,

id. Off. 3, 4; 2, 9 fin.:

ratione et intellegentia tenere aliquid,

id. ib. 3, 17 al.—

Transf.

Understanding, knowledge:

quia difficilis erat animi, quid, aut qualis esset, intellegentia, nullum omnino animum esse dixerunt,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 22:

quae nos magis ad cognitionem intellegentiamque convertant,

id. ib. 5, 24:

juris,

id. Phil. 9, 5: somniorum, the knowledge of dreams, i. e. the art of interpreting dreams, Just. 36, 2:

eam calamitatem vestra intellegentia sedabit,

discrimination, Ter. Hec. prol. 23. —

Plur.:

rerum omnium quasi adumbratas intellegentias animo ac mente concipere,

Cic. Leg. 1, 22.—

In partic.

Art, skill, taste, connoisseurship: intellegentia in rusticis rebus, Cic. Rosc. Am. 17:

in homine intellegentiam esse, non avaritiam,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 46:

pecuniae quaerendae,

id. Inv. 1, 29.—

Perception, discernment by the senses:

in gustu et odoratu intellegentia,

Cic. Ac. 4, 7.

intellĕgentĭa ( intellĭg-), ae, f. [intellego], the power of discerning or understanding, discernment, understanding, intelligence.

Lit.:

Deus intellegentiam in animo inclusit,

Cic. Univ. 3:

intellegentia est, per quam animus ea perspicit, quae sunt,

id. Inv. 2, 53:

pars animi, rationis atque intellegentiae particeps,

id. de Div. 1, 32, 70:

infixam nostram intellegentiam capere, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 19, 49 fin.:

fretus intellegentia vestra dissero brevius,

id. ib. 1, 19, 49:

quod in nostram intellegentiam cadit,

id. Off. 3, 4; 2, 9 fin.:

ratione et intellegentia tenere aliquid,

id. ib. 3, 17 al.—

Transf.

Understanding, knowledge:

quia difficilis erat animi, quid, aut qualis esset, intellegentia, nullum omnino animum esse dixerunt,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 22:

quae nos magis ad cognitionem intellegentiamque convertant,

id. ib. 5, 24:

juris,

id. Phil. 9, 5: somniorum, the knowledge of dreams, i. e. the art of interpreting dreams, Just. 36, 2:

eam calamitatem vestra intellegentia sedabit,

discrimination, Ter. Hec. prol. 23. —

Plur.:

rerum omnium quasi adumbratas intellegentias animo ac mente concipere,

Cic. Leg. 1, 22.—

In partic.

Art, skill, taste, connoisseurship: intellegentia in rusticis rebus, Cic. Rosc. Am. 17:

in homine intellegentiam esse, non avaritiam,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 46:

pecuniae quaerendae,

id. Inv. 1, 29.—

Perception, discernment by the senses:

in gustu et odoratu intellegentia,

Cic. Ac. 4, 7.

norma, ae, f. [for gnorima (cf. Gr. gnôrimos); root, gno-; cf. gnarus, nosco], a square, employed by carpenters, masons, etc., for making right angles (cf. regula).

Lit.:

anguli ad normam respondentes,

Vitr. 7, 3; 9, 2; Plin. 36, 22, 51, § 172.—

Trop., a rule, pattern, precept:

nec sunt haec rhythmicorum aut musicorum acerrima norma dirigenda,

Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 190:

vitam ad certam rationis normam dirigere,

id. Mur. 2, 3:

numquam ego dicam Fabricium, Curtium, Coruncanium ad istorum (Stoicorum) normam fuisse sapientes,

id. Lael. 5, 18:

hanc normam, hanc regulam, hanc praescriptionem esse naturae,

id. Ac. 2, 46, 140:

natura norma legis est,

id. Leg. 2, 24, 61:

juris,

id. de Or. 2, 42, 178:

loquendi,

Hor. A. P. 72:

norma et regula oratoris,

Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 8.

pālor, ātus ( gen. plur. part. palantūm, Sil. 5, 445), 1, v. dep. ( act. collat. form pālo, āre, Sulp. Sat. 1, 43 Wernsd.; Poët. Lat. Min. 3, p. 90) [cf. Sanscr. pad, go; Gr. pous, podos; Lat. pes], to wander up and down, to wander, wander about; to be dispersed, to straggle (not in Cic. or Cæs.; most freq. in part. pres.; syn.: vagor, erro).

Lit.:

palantes comites quom montes inter opacos Quaerimus et magna dispersos voce ciemus,

Lucr. 4, 575; cf. id. 5, 973:

vagi per agros palantur,

Liv. 5, 44; cf.:

vagi palantesque per agros,

id. 21, 61, 2; Sall. J. 18, 2; 44, 5:

agmen per agros palatur,

Liv. 27, 47:

palantes in agris oppressit,

id. 1, 11:

palantes extra castra,

Tac. A. 1, 30:

boves palati ab suis gregibus,

Liv. 22, 17, 4:

palatos aggressus,

id. 35, 51:

ex fugā palati,

id. 8, 24; 3, 5:

palantes error de tramite pellit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 49:

terga dabant palantia Teucri,

Verg. A. 12, 738:

palantia sidera,

Lucr. 2, 1031; so,

palantesque polo stellas,

Verg. A. 9, 21; Plin. 9, 35, 55, § 111:

palanti amni (Nilo),

Plin. Pan. 30, 3:

insectari palantes hostes,

Just. 15, 3, 11:

palantia monstra,

Val. Fl. 4, 506.—

Trop.:

errare atque viam palantes quaerere vitae,

Lucr. 2, 10:

palantes homines passim ac rationis egentes,

Ov. M. 15, 150.

partĭceps, cipis, adj. [pars-capio], sharing, partaking, participant (class.; syn.: consors, socius); constr. usually with gen., rarely also with dat. or with prepp.

Adj.

With gen.:

fac participes nos tuae sapientiae,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 81:

nuntii,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 19:

esse participem leti,

i. e. to be mortal, Lucr. 3, 462:

animus rationis compos et particeps,

Cic. Univ. 8:

fortunarum omnium socius et particeps,

id. Font. 17, 47:

artis,

id. Div. 1, 18, 34; id. Inv. 2, 30, 92:

virtutes ita copulatae conexaeque sunt, ut omnes omnium participes sint,

id. Fin. 5, 23, 67:

praedae ac praemiorum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 82:

secreti honesti,

Juv. 3, 52.—

With dat.:

aliquem participem studiis habere,

Ov. P. 2, 5, 41 (al. studii):

alicujus consilii fortibus viris esse participem,

Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. id. 6, 6, 36:

sceleris in regem suum,

id. 6, 24:

Natalis particeps ad omne secretum Pisoni erat,

Tac. A. 15, 50. —

With a prep.:

non licet donati obsoni me participem fieri,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 34 Speng.:

particeps in tribulatione,

Vulg. Apoc. 1, 9.—

With a rel.-clause:

is speculatum huc misit me, ut, quae fierent, fieret particeps,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 19.—

Subst., a sharer, partaker, partner. —Esp., a comrade, fellow-soldier: praeda per participes aequiter partita est, Liv. Andron. ap. Non. p. 512, 32:

me et semul participes meos praedā onerabo,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 14:

praedam participes petunt,

id. Most. 1, 3, 154:

meus particeps,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 98:

hujus belli ego particeps et socius et adjutor esse cogor,

Cic. Att. 9, 10, 5:

in quādam conjuratione quasi participes nominati,

Suet. Calig. 56; cf. Curt. 6, 8, 5.

perturbātĭo, ōnis, f. [perturbo], confusion, disorder, disturbance.

Lit.:

caeli (opp. serenitas),

Cic. Div. 2, 45, 94:

hostium,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 13, 16.—

Trop.

In gen., political disturbance, disorder, revolution:

quid est enim aliud tumultus nisi perturbatio tanta, ut major timor oriatur?

Cic. Phil. 8, 1, 3:

quantas perturbationes et quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum?

id. Mur. 17, 35:

cum enim omnes post interitum Caesaris novarum perturbationum causae quaeri viderentur,

id. Fat. 1, 2:

videtis, quo in motu temporum, quantā in conversione rerum ac perturbatione versemur,

id. Fl. 37, 94:

magna totius exercitūs perturbatio facta est,

Caes. B. G. 3, 28.—

Mental or personal disturbance, disquiet, perturbation:

motus atque perturbatio animorum atque rerum,

Cic. Agr. 1, 8, 24:

vitae et magna confusio,

id. N. D. 1, 2, 3:

rationis,

id. Par. 3, 2, 26:

valetudinis,

id. Fam. 9, 3, 9.—

In partic., an emotion, passion: quae Graeci pathê vocant, nobis perturbationes appellari magis placet, quam morbos, Cic. Tusc. 4, 5, 10:

est igitur Zenonis haec definitio, ut perturbatio sit aversa a rectā ratione, contra naturam animi commotio: quidam brevius perturbationem esse appetitum vehementiorem,

id. ib. 4, 6, 11:

ex quā (vitiositate) concitantur perturbationes, quae sunt turbidi animorum concitatique motus, aversi a ratione et inimicissimi mentis vitaeque tranquillae,

id. ib. 4, 15, 34:

perturbationes sunt genere quatuor, partibus plures, aegritudo, formido, libido, laetitia,

id. Fin. 3, 10, 35:

impetu quodam animi et perturbatione magis, quam judicio aut consilio regi,

id. de Or. 2, 42, 178:

perturbationem afferre,

id. Div. 1, 30, 62:

in perturbationes atque exanimationes incidere,

id. Off. 1, 7, 36;

opp. to tranquillitas,

id. ib. 1, 17, 66.