pālo

pālo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. palus], to support with pales, stakes, or props; to prop up:

reliquae partes vinearum nunc palandae et alligandae sunt,

Col. 11, 2, 16:

ut vitis paletur,

id. 11, 2, 16 fin.; Pall. 12, 15.

pālo, āre, 1, v. n., v. palor init.

dē-pālo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to mark off or bound with palings (late Lat.).

Prop.:

jugera agri..ita uti depalatum est,

Inscr. Orell. 3688.—

Transf., to found, establish:

quodammodo mundum,

Tert. adv. Herm. 29:

civitatem,

id. Apol. 10; cf. depalator.

dē-pălo, āre, v. a. [palam], to disclose, reveal:

adulterium Veneris (Sol),

Fulg. Myth. 2, 10; 3, 6.

* * *

in-sterno, strāvi, strātum, 3, v. a.

To cover, cover over:

instrata cubilia fronde,

Lucr. 5, 987; so,

instratos ostro,

Verg. A. 7, 277; cf.:

si palo adacto caverna paleā insternatur,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 84:

pontes altos,

Verg. A. 12, 675.—

Transf., to lay upon as a cover, to spread over: modicis instravit pulpita tignis (dat.), laid the stage over an insignificant scaffolding, Hor. A. P. 279.—

To cast or throw into:

sese Ignibus,

Stat. Th. 12, 800.

pālor, ātus ( gen. plur. part. palantūm, Sil. 5, 445), 1, v. dep. ( act. collat. form pālo, āre, Sulp. Sat. 1, 43 Wernsd.; Poët. Lat. Min. 3, p. 90) [cf. Sanscr. pad, go; Gr. pous, podos; Lat. pes], to wander up and down, to wander, wander about; to be dispersed, to straggle (not in Cic. or Cæs.; most freq. in part. pres.; syn.: vagor, erro).

Lit.:

palantes comites quom montes inter opacos Quaerimus et magna dispersos voce ciemus,

Lucr. 4, 575; cf. id. 5, 973:

vagi per agros palantur,

Liv. 5, 44; cf.:

vagi palantesque per agros,

id. 21, 61, 2; Sall. J. 18, 2; 44, 5:

agmen per agros palatur,

Liv. 27, 47:

palantes in agris oppressit,

id. 1, 11:

palantes extra castra,

Tac. A. 1, 30:

boves palati ab suis gregibus,

Liv. 22, 17, 4:

palatos aggressus,

id. 35, 51:

ex fugā palati,

id. 8, 24; 3, 5:

palantes error de tramite pellit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 49:

terga dabant palantia Teucri,

Verg. A. 12, 738:

palantia sidera,

Lucr. 2, 1031; so,

palantesque polo stellas,

Verg. A. 9, 21; Plin. 9, 35, 55, § 111:

palanti amni (Nilo),

Plin. Pan. 30, 3:

insectari palantes hostes,

Just. 15, 3, 11:

palantia monstra,

Val. Fl. 4, 506.—

Trop.:

errare atque viam palantes quaerere vitae,

Lucr. 2, 10:

palantes homines passim ac rationis egentes,

Ov. M. 15, 150.

pālus, i, m. ( neutr. collat. form pālum, i, Varr. ap. Non. 219, 18) [for paglus (cf. dim. paxillus); root pag-; Sanscr. pācas, snare; Gr. pêgnumi, fasten; Lat. pango; cf.: pignus, pax], a stake, prop, stay, pale.

Lit. (very freq. and class.;

syn.: sudes, stipes): ut figam palum in parietem,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 4; id. Men. 2, 3, 53:

damnati ad supplicium traditi, ad palum alligati,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

palis adjungere vitem,

Tib. 1, 8 (7), 33; Ov. F. 1, 665:

palos et ridicas dolare,

Col. 11, 2, 11; Varr. 1. 1.—The Roman soldiers learned to fight by attacking a stake set in the ground, Veg. Mil. 1, 11; 2, 23;

hence, aut quis non vidit vulnera pali?

Juv. 6, 246.—And, transf.: exerceamur ad palum: et, ne imparatos fortuna deprehendat, fiat nobis paupertas familiaris, Sen. Ep. 18, 6.—In the lang. of gladiators, palus primus or palusprimus (called also machaera Herculeana, Capitol. Pert. 8), a gladiator's sword of wood, borne by the secutores, whence their leader was also called primus palus, Lampr. Commod. 15;

Inscr. Marin. Fratr. Arv. p. 694.—Prov.: quasi palo pectus tundor, of one astonished, stunned,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 2.—

Transf., = membrum virile, Hor. S. 1, 8, 5.

pălus, ūdis ( nom. sing. pălŭs, Hor. A. P. 65;

but usually pălūs,

Verg. A. 6, 107; v. infra; gen. plur. paludum, Caes. B. G. 4, 38, 2 Oud.;

rarely paludium,

Liv. 21, 54, 7 Drak.; Plin. 2, 68, 68, § 174; Just. 44, 1, 10; Eum. Pan. Const. Aug. 12, 2), f. [= Gr. pêlos, mud; cf. Sanscr. palvala, pool; perh. -ud of the stem = hudôr, water], a swamp, marsh, morass, bog, fen, pool (cf.: stagnum, lacus).

Lit.:

ille paludes siccare voluit,

Cic. Phil. 5, 3, 7:

paludes emere,

id. Agr. 2, 27, 71:

palus erat non magna inter nostrum atque hostium exercitum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9:

propter paludes exercitui aditus non est,

id. ib. 2, 16:

Cocyti tardāque palus inamabilis undā,

Verg. G. 4, 479:

sterilisve diu palus aptaque remis,

Hor. A. P. 65:

udae paludes intumuere aestu,

Ov. M. 1, 737:

stagnata paludibus ument,

id. ib. 15, 269:

nigra,

Tib. 3, 3, 37:

exusta,

Verg. G. 3, 432:

alta,

id. ib. 4, 48:

putida,

Cat. 17, 10:

nebulosa,

Sil. 8, 382:

sordida,

Stat. S. 4, 3, 8.—Hence, Palus Maeotis, = Lacus Maeotis, now the Sea of Azof, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168; Mel. 1, 19.—

Transf.

A reed that grows in marshes:

tomentum concisa palus Circense vocatur,

Mart. 14, 160, 1; 11, 32, 2.—

Water:

(cymba) multam accepit rimosa paludem,

Verg. A. 6, 414.

quis-que, quaeque, quodque, and subst. quicque (quidque), pron. indef., whoever or whatever it be, each, every, every body, every one, every thing (prop. of more than two persons or things; cf.

uterque): non tute incommodam rem, ut quaeque est, in animum induces pati?

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 27;

ut in quo quisque artificio excelleret, is in suo genere Roscius diceretur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 130; id. Rep. 6, 24, 26:

tantum quisque laudat, quantum se posse sperat imitari,

id. Or. 7, 24:

quod cuique obtigit, id quisque teneat,

id. Off. 1, 7, 21:

magni est judicis statuere, quid quemque cuique praestare oporteat,

id. ib. 3, 17, 70:

sibi quoque tendente, ut periculo prius evaderet,

Liv. 21, 33:

ut quaeque stellae in iis, finitimisque partibus sint quoque tempore,

Cic. Div. 2, 42, 89:

quamcumque rem a quoque cognorit,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 67:

scrobes ternorum pedum in quamque partem,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 167:

proximis quibusque correptis,

Flor. 1, 9:

prout quique monitione indigerent,

Suet. Aug. 89.—With gen.:

tuorum quisque necessariorum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 25:

quantulum enim summae curtabit quisque dierum, Si,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 124.—With comp.:

quo quisque est sollertior, hoc docet laboriosius,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 31:

quo majus quodque animal, eo, etc.,

Cels. 2, 18:

ut quique (pedes) sunt temporibus pleniores, hoc, etc.,

Quint. 9, 4, 83:

bonus liber melior est quisque, quo major,

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 4.—With sup., to express universality (quisque is then placed after the sup.; class. with sing. and neutr. plur.; rare with plur. masc. and fem.): doctissimus quisque, every learned man, i. e. all the learned, Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 77:

recentissima quaeque sunt correcta et emendata maxime,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 13:

in omni arte optimum quidque rarissimum est,

id. Fin. 2, 25, 81:

asperrima quaeque ad laborem deposcimus,

Liv. 25, 6, 23; Suet. Caes. 44; Tac. A. 1, 24; Sen. Ep. 31, 1; Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 13:

summum quodque spectate, milites, decus,

Liv. 7, 32, 14; 23, 3, 14:

antiquissimum quodque tempus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 45:

gravissima quaeque grana serere,

Plin. 18, 8, 20, § 85.—With plur. masc. and fem.: optumi quique expetebant a me doctrinam sibi, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 76:

fortissimis quibusque amissis,

Just. 5, 6, 3; Lact. Epit. 51, 2:

multi mortales convenere... maxime proximi quique,

Liv. 1, 9, 8; cf.:

tot leges et proximae quaeque duriores,

Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75; id. Lael. 10, 34:

litterae longissimae quaeque,

id. Fam. 7, 33, 2; id. Att. 16, 11, 2.—

With ordinal numerals, to denote generality, universality (placed after the ordinal): vix decimus quisque est, qui ipsus se noverit,

scarcely one in ten, Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 17:

tertio quoque verbo excitabatur,

at every other word, Cic. Rab. Post. 12, 34: quinto quoque anno, every fifth year, i. e. every four years, id. Verr. 2, 2, 56, § 139:

quinto quoque palo,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 169.—Rarely of time (days, years, etc.), without an ordinal numeral:

notentur, quae (ova) quoque die sint edita,

Col. 8, 5, 4:

annis quibusque,

every year, Plin. 33, 3, 15, § 52.—With primus, the very first, the first possible:

primo quoque tempore,

as soon as possible, Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 39:

primo quoque die,

at the earliest day, as soon as possible, id. ib. 8, 11, 33:

exercitui diem primam quamque dicere,

the earliest day possible, Liv. 42, 48:

primum quicque videamus,

the very first, Cic. N. D. 3, 3, 7.— Quisque stands freq. in app. with plur. subst.:

ubi quisque vident, eunt obviam,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 2:

sibi quisque habeant, quod suom est,

id. Curc. 1, 3, 24:

decimus quisque ad supplicium lecti,

Liv. 2, 59:

octo delecti notissimus quisque,

id. 7, 19, 2:

(consules) in suas quisque provincias proficiscerentur,

id. 25, 12, 2; 1, 44, 1;

viri in vestibulo suarum quisque aedium stabant,

Curt. 4, 4, 14:

ultimi cum suis quisque ducibus,

id. 3, 3, 25; 5, 2, 6; 6, 11, 20.— Often in connection with se, suus (in good prose almost always placed after the pron., Zumpt, Gram. § 701; cf.

Krebs, Antibarb. p. 983): pro se quisque,

Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 26:

pro se quisque ad populum loquebatur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 68:

ut quanti quisque se ipse faciat, tanti fiat ab amicis,

id. Lael. 16, 56:

suam quisque homo rem meminit,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 5, 51:

cum suo cuique judicio sit utendum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

edixit, ut quod quisque a sacris haberet, id in suum quidque fanum referret,

id. ib. 3, 34, 84:

quo feret natura sua quemque,

id. Brut. 56, 204:

dicere quos cupio nomine quemque suo,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 64:

quisque suos patimur Manes,

Verg. A. 6, 743:

suum quisque flagitium aliis objectantes,

Tac. H. 2, 44:

quos Poenus in civitates quemque suas dimisit,

Liv. 21, 48, 2; cf. Just. 13, 6, 2; 33, 2, 8; Tac. A. 6, 37.—Quisque, of two, for uterque, each:

oscula quisque suae matri properata tulerunt,

Ov. F 2, 715:

duas civitates ex unā factas: suos cuique parti magistratus, suas leges esse,

Liv. 2, 44, 9; 2, 7, 1; 10, 12, 3; 27, 35, 3;

for utercumque: ut cujusque populi cives vicissent, etc.,

id. 1, 24, 3 (dub. al. cujus) — Quisque as fem. for quaeque, like quis (ante - class.):

omnes meretrices, ubi quisque habitant, invenit,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 107:

quo quisque pacto hic vitam vostrarum exigat,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 19.—

Transf., for quicunque, whosoever, every one who, all that (ante- and postclass.):

quemque videritis hominem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 5; id. As. 1, 3, 47; 2, 3, 24; Liv. 1, 24:

at tu, quisque doles, amice lector,

Sid. Ep. 4, 11 in carm.

tundo, tŭtŭdi, tunsum, tūssum, and tusum (v. Neue, Formenl. II. 568), 3 (old collat. form of the perf. tuserunt, Naev. 1, 1: tunsi, acc. to Diom. p. 369 P.; inf. tundier, Lucr. 4, 934), v. a. [Sanscr. tu-dāmi, thrust; cf. Gr. Tudeus, Tundareos], to beat, strike, thump, buffet with repeated strokes.

Lit.

In gen. (class.; cf.:

verbero, pulso, ico, impello, cudo): oculos converso bacillo,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142:

pectus palo,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 3:

pectora manu,

Ov. Am. 3, 9, 10; id. M. 8, 535; Verg. A. 11, 37:

inania tympana,

Ov. F. 4, 183:

tundere ac diverberare ubera,

App. M. 7, p. 200, 2:

lapidem digito cum tundimus,

Lucr. 4, 265:

corpus crebro ictu,

id. 4, 934:

pede terram,

Hor. A. P. 430:

humum ossibus,

Ov. M. 5, 293:

ulmum (picus),

Plaut. As. 2, 1, 14:

litus undā,

Cat. 11, 4; cf.:

saxa alto salo,

Hor. Epod. 17, 55:

cymbala rauca,

Prop. 3 (4), 16, 36:

chelyn digitis errantibus,

Stat. S. 5, 5, 33:

gens effrena virum Rhipaeo tunditur Euro,

Verg. G. 3, 382:

saxum, quod tumidis tunditur olim Fluctibus,

id. A. 5, 125:

miserum sancto tundere poste caput,

Tib. 1, 2, 86:

ferrum rubens non est habile tundendo,

i. e. is not easy to beat out, not very malleable, Plin. 34, 15, 43, § 149.—In a Greek construction:

tunsae pectora palmis,

Verg. A. 1, 481. —Prov.: uno opere eandem incudem diem noctemque tundere, to hammer the same anvil, i. e. to keep at the same work, Cic. de Or. 2, 39, 162.—

In partic., to pound, bruise, bray, as in a mortar (cf. pinso):

aliquid in pilā,

Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 20, 19, 79, § 207:

in farinam,

id. 33, 7, 40, § 119:

in pollinem,

id. 19, 5, 29, § 91:

tunsum gallae admiscere saporem,

Verg. G. 4, 267:

tunsa viscera,

id. ib. 4, 302:

grana mali Punici tunsa,

Col. 9, 13, 5:

tunsum allium,

id. 6, 8, 2 al.:

testam tusam et succretam arenae adicere,

Vitr. 2, 5:

testa tunsa,

Plin. 36, 25, 62, § 186:

hordeum,

App. M. 4, p. 152, 31:

haec omnia tusa,

Veg. Vet. 1, 16, 6.—

Trop. (qs. to keep pounding or hammering at a person), to din, stun, keep on at, importune a person by repeating the same thing ( poet. and rare):

pergin' aures tundere?

Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 25:

assiduis hinc atque hinc vocibus heros Tunditur,

Verg. A. 4, 448:

tundat Amycle, Natalem Mais Idibus esse tuum,

Prop. 4 (5), 5, 35.— Absol.:

tundendo atque odio denique effecit senex,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 48.