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61 exchange rate risk
Finthe risk of suffering loss on converting another currency to the currency of a company’s own country.EXAMPLEExchange rate risks can be arranged into three primary categories. (1.) Economic exposure: operating costs will rise due to changes in rates and make a product uncompetitive in the world market. Little can be done to reduce this routine business risk that every enterprise must endure. (2.) Translation exposure: the impact of currency exchange rates will reduce a company’s earnings and weaken its balance sheet. To reduce translation exposure, experienced corporate fund managers use a range of techniques known as currency hedging. (3.) Transaction exposure: there will be an unfavorable move in a specific currency between the time when a contract is agreed and the time it is completed, or between the time when a lending or borrowing is initiated and the time the funds are repaid. Transaction exposure can be eased by factoring: transferring title to foreign accounts receivable to a third-party factoring house.Although there is no definitive way of forecasting exchange rates, largely because the world’s economies and financial markets are evolving so rapidly, the relationships between exchange rates, interest rates, and inflation rates can serve as leading indicators of changes in risk. These relationships are as follows. Purchasing Power Parity theory (PPP): while it can be expressed differently, the most common expression links the changes in exchange rates to those in relative price indices in two countries:Rate of change of exchange rate = Difference in inflation ratesInternational Fisher Effect (IFE): this holds that an interest-rate differential will exist only if the exchange rate is expected to change in such a way that the advantage of the higher interest rate is offset by the loss on the foreign exchange transactions. Practically speaking, the IFE implies that while an investor in a low-interest country can convert funds into the currency of a high-interest country and earn a higher rate, the gain (the interest rate differential) will be offset by the expected loss due to foreign exchange rate changes. The relationship is stated as:Expected rate of change of the exchange rate = Interest-rate differentialUnbiased Forward Rate Theory: this holds that the forward exchange rate is the best unbiased estimate of the expected future spot exchange rate.Expected exchange rate = Forward exchange rate -
62 illegal parking
Fina stock market practice that involves a broker or company purchasing securities in another company’s name though they are guaranteed by the real investor (slang) -
63 materials management
Opsan approach for planning, organizing, and controlling all those activities principally concerned with the flow of materials into an organization. The scope of materials management varies greatly from company to company and may include material planning and control, production planning, purchasing, inventory control and stores, in-plant materials movement, and waste management. -
64 Westinghouse, George
[br]b. 6 October 1846 Central Bridge, New York, USAd. 12 March 1914 New York, New York, USA[br]American inventor and entrepreneur, pioneer of air brakes for railways and alternating-current distribution of electricity.[br]George Westinghouse's father was an ingenious manufacturer of agricultural implements; the son, after a spell in the Union Army during the Civil War, and subsequently in the Navy as an engineer, went to work for his father. He invented a rotary steam engine, which proved impracticable; a rerailing device for railway rolling stock in 1865; and a cast-steel frog for railway points, with longer life than the cast-iron frogs then used, in 1868–9. During the same period Westinghouse, like many other inventors, was considering how best to meet the evident need for a continuous brake for trains, i.e. one by which the driver could apply the brakes on all vehicles in a train simultaneously instead of relying on brakesmen on individual vehicles. By chance he encountered a magazine article about the construction of the Mont Cenis Tunnel, with a description of the pneumatic tools invented for it, and from this it occurred to him that compressed air might be used to operate the brakes along a train.The first prototype was ready in 1869 and the Westinghouse Air Brake Company was set up to manufacture it. However, despite impressive demonstration of the brake's powers when it saved the test train from otherwise certain collision with a horse-drawn dray on a level crossing, railways were at first slow to adopt it. Then in 1872 Westinghouse added to it the triple valve, which enabled the train pipe to charge reservoirs beneath each vehicle, from which the compressed air would apply the brakes when pressure in the train pipe was reduced. This meant that the brake was now automatic: if a train became divided, the brakes on both parts would be applied. From then on, more and more American railways adopted the Westinghouse brake and the Railroad Safety Appliance Act of 1893 made air brakes compulsory in the USA. Air brakes were also adopted in most other parts of the world, although only a minority of British railway companies took them up, the remainder, with insular reluctance, preferring the less effective vacuum brake.From 1880 Westinghouse was purchasing patents relating to means of interlocking railway signals and points; he combined them with his own inventions to produce a complete signalling system. The first really practical power signalling scheme, installed in the USA by Westinghouse in 1884, was operated pneumatically, but the development of railway signalling required an awareness of the powers of electricity, and it was probably this that first led Westinghouse to become interested in electrical processes and inventions. The Westinghouse Electric Company was formed in 1886: it pioneered the use of electricity distribution systems using high-voltage single-phase alternating current, which it developed from European practice. Initially this was violently opposed by established operators of direct-current distribution systems, but eventually the use of alternating current became widespread.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLégion d'honneur. Order of the Crown of Italy. Order of Leopold.BibliographyWestinghouse took out some 400 patents over forty-eight years.Further ReadingH.G.Prout, 1922, A Life of "George Westinghouse", London (biography inclined towards technicalities).F.E.Leupp, 1918, George Westinghouse: His Life and Achievements, Boston (London 1919) (biography inclined towards Westinghouse and his career).J.F.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 152–4.PJGR -
65 office
ˈɔfɪs сущ.
1) а) пост, должность, служба assume an office be in office come into office enter upon office get into office hold office leave office resign office seek office an office under Government take office win office honorary office appointive office elective office high office б) долг, обязанность, функция It is my office to open the mail. ≈ В мои обязанности входит вскрывать почту. Syn: obligation, duty, business, function
2) а) контора, канцелярия, офис to be in the office ≈ служить в конторе, в канцелярии;
быть на месте at/in an office ≈ в офисе She works at our office. ≈ Она работает в нашем офисе. - branch office head office home office main office booking office box office ticket office dead-letter office doctor's office lawyer's office left-luggage office lost-and-found office lost property office met office meteorological office patent office post office printing office dentist's office recruiting office inquiry office office block public office б) ведомство, министерство;
управление Foreign Office Foreign and Commonwealth Office Home Office Office of Education в) кабинет, комната( занимаемая каким-л. должностным лицом) ;
авиац. сл. кабина пилота
3) а) услуга, помощь good offices Syn: service, kindness, attention б) мн. службы( коммунальные - сарай, гараж и т.п.) в) отхожее место
4) церковная служба;
обряд Office for the Dead Office of the Mass last offices
5) разг. знак, намек give the office take the office Syn: hint, signal служба, место, должность, пост - * under Government место на государственной службе - judicial * cудебная должность - holder of an * должностное лицо - to be in * занимать пост - to come into * принять дела;
приступить к исполнению служебных обязанностей - to take * вступить в должность;
приступить к исполнению служебных обязанностей - to leave * уйти со службы - he hasn't run for * for years он уже много лет не выставлял своей кандидатуры (на должность, пост и т. п.) - he was elected twice to the * of president он дважды избирался на пост президента нахождение у власти, на посту - term of * cрок полномочий - to renew the term of * возобновить мандат - to be in * быть у власти( о правительстве) входить в состав правительства, иметь министерский портфель - to take * прийти к власти - to put smb. in * поставить кого-л. у власти - to be corrupted by * поддаться разлагающему влиянию власти контора, офис, канцелярия - lawyer's * адвокатская контора - editorial * редакция - post * почтовое отделение;
почта - publishing * издательство - inquiry * справочное бюро - doctor's * (американизм) кабинет врача - recruiting * призывной пункт - * expenses расходы на оргтехнику - * appliances оргтехника - * hours часы работы учреждения;
приемные часы - his * hours are from 12 to 14 он бывает в конторе с 12 до 14 часов - * number исходящий номер - * furniture конторская мебель, конторское оборудование - * staff конторские служащие - * work канцелярская работа - our London * наше лондонское отделение;
наша контора в Лондоне - to work at an * служить в учреждении - to be in an * быть служащим, клерком и т. п. служебное помещение, кабинет, офис - private * личный кабинет - the chairman's * is to the left кабинет председателя налево фирма, компания, особ. страховая компания( собирательнле) конторские служающие;
служащие учреждений;
клерки;
сотрудники предприятия - the whole * was at her wedding на ее свадьбе присутствовали все сотрудники отдела ведомство, министерство;
управление;
комитет - War O. военное министерство - (the) Foreign O. министерство иностранных дел - Сolonial O. министерство по делам заморских территорий управление, отдел, бюро - International Labour O. международное бюро труда - Record O. Государственный архив - Patent O. патентное бюро - O. of Education упрвление по вопросам образования подсобные помещения;
службы при доме (кладовые и т. п.) конюшни, амбары. коровники и т. п. на ферме обязанность, долг;
функция;
задача;
роль;
предназначение - little domestic *s несложные домашние обязанности - the * of host обязанности хозяина - consular * функции консула, консульские обязанности - he performs the * of treasurer он выполняет фунции казначея услуга;
помощь - good *s добные услуги - ill * плохая услуга религиозный обря;
церковная служба, ежедневное чтение молитв и псалмов;
заупокойная месса - O. of Baptism обряд крещения - O. for the Dead заупокойная служба - O. of the Mass обедня - to say one's * читать вечерюю или утреннюю молитву - to perform the last *s for smb. совершать погребальный обряд над кем-л. (сленг) намек, сведения, знак;
тайный сигнал - to give the * сделать намек;
дать сведения > fat * доходное место > *s of profit оплачиваемый пост (занятие которого членом парламента влечет за собой его отставку) > Holy O. (историческое) Святая палата( официальное название инквизиции) accident ~ бюро по несчастным случаям accountant's ~ бухгалтерия accounting ~ бухгалтерия ~ служба, должность;
an office under Government место на государственной службе;
an honorary office почетная должность under: England ~ the Stuarts Англия в эпоху Стюартов;
an office under Government государственная служба application for ~ просьба о зачислении на должность appointment to ~ назначение на должность appointment to ~ назначение на место appointment to ~ назначение на пост assay ~ пробирная палата assessment ~ налоговое управление audit ~ ревизионное управление automated ~ автоматизированное бюро to take (или to enter upon) ~ вступать в должность;
to be in office быть у власти ~ контора, канцелярия;
амер. кабинет врача;
to be in the office служить в конторе, в канцелярии;
dentist's office амер. зубоврачебный кабинет booking ~ билетная касса branch ~ отделение branch ~ филиал branch post ~ местное почтовое отделение branch post ~ филиал почтового отделения broking firm's ~ представительство брокерской фирмы building ~ строительное управление business ~ торговая контора Cabinet ~ секретариат кабинета министров cargo registration ~ бюро регистрации грузов cash ~ касса cash ~ помещение кассы cashier's ~ касса cashier's ~ помещение кассы central ~ главная контора central ~ главный офис clearance ~ расчетная палата clearance ~ расчетное учреждение clearing ~ расчетная палата clearing ~ расчетное учреждение company registration ~ бюро регистрации компаний complaints ~ бюро рекламаций county revenue ~ налоговая инспекция округа criminal records ~ учреждение, ведущее регистрацию преступлений customs ~ таможня data processing ~ отдел обработки данных delivery post ~ почтовое отделение доставки ~ контора, канцелярия;
амер. кабинет врача;
to be in the office служить в конторе, в канцелярии;
dentist's office амер. зубоврачебный кабинет dismissal from ~ освобождение от должности dispatch ~ экспедиционная контора distraint ~ орган, налагающий арест на имущество в обеспечение выполнения долга district ~ окружная контора district ~ районное отделение district ~ районный офис drawing ~ конструкторский отдел drawing ~ конструкторское бюро eligibility for ~ право на занятие должности eligible for ~ имеющий право на занятие должности employment ~ бюро по найму рабочей силы employment ~ бюро по трудоустройству exchange control ~ центр валютного контроля exchange ~ пункт обмена валюты express parcels ~ отделение срочной доставки посылок foreign exchange ~ пункт обмена иностранной валюты forwarding ~ станция отправления forwarding ~ транспортно-экспедиторская контора forwarding ~ транспортно-экспедиторское учреждение front ~ администрация корпорации front ~ главное управление front ~ дилерская комната front ~ дирекция front ~ правление фирмы front ~ руководство организации front ~ руководящие круги full-time ~ штатная должность general post ~ главный почтамт to get (или to come) into ~ принять дела, приступить к исполнению служебных обязанностей;
to win office победить на выборах, прийти к власти ~ разг. намек, знак;
to give (to take) the office сделать (понять) намек ~ услуга;
good office любезность, одолжение;
ill office плохая услуга government ~ правительственное учреждение head ~ главная контора head ~ правление head ~ управление head post ~ почт. главный почтамт honorary ~ неоплачиваемая должность honorary ~ почетная должность housing ~ управление по жилищному строительству ~ услуга;
good office любезность, одолжение;
ill office плохая услуга in ~ в должности in ~ у власти ineligible for ~ лишенный права занятия должности, лишенный права на пребывание в должности information ~ справочно-информационное бюро inquiry ~ справочное бюро inquiry ~ справочный стол recruiting ~ призывной пункт;
inquiry office справочное бюро;
our London office наш филиал в Лондоне issuing ~ отдел исходящих документов ~ обязанность, долг;
функция;
it is my office to open the mail в мои обязанности входит вскрывать почту joint sales ~ совместный отдел сбыта judicial ~ судебная должность judicial ~ юридическое бюро (палаты лордов) labour ~ отдел кадров land registry ~ государственная контора, регистрирующая земельные сделки ~ церковная служба;
обряд;
Office for the Dead заупокойная служба;
the Office of the Mass обедня;
the last offices похоронный обряд law ~ адвокатская фирма law ~ контора адвокатов law ~ судебное ведомство law ~ юридическая фирма to hold ~ занимать пост;
to leave (или to resign) office уйти с должности licensing ~ отдел лицензий life ~ контора по страхованию жизни local branch ~ контора местного отделения local government ~ муниципальное учреждение local ~ местная контора;
местное бюро local ~ местная контора lost property ~ бюро находок luggage registration ~ отделение регистрации багажа main ~ главная контора main ~ главное управление mining ~ управление горной промышленности ministerial ~ канцелярия министра ministerial ~ министерство misconduct in ~ нарушение служебных обязанностей municipal architect's ~ управление архитектора города municipal ~ муниципальное управление national debt ~ отдел банка по государственному долгу national registration ~ государственное бюро записи актов гражданского состояния non-eligibility for ~ отсутствие права на занятие должности non-eligible for ~ не имеющий права на зянятие должности notary's ~ нотариальная контора office бюро ~ ведомство, министерство, контора, канцелярия ~ ведомство, министерство;
управление;
Office of Education Федеральное управление просвещения (в США) ~ ведомство ~ должность ~ канцелярия ~ контора, канцелярия;
амер. кабинет врача;
to be in the office служить в конторе, в канцелярии;
dentist's office амер. зубоврачебный кабинет ~ контора ~ министерство ~ разг. намек, знак;
to give (to take) the office сделать (понять) намек ~ обязанность, долг;
функция;
it is my office to open the mail в мои обязанности входит вскрывать почту ~ обязанность ~ офис ~ пост ~ расследование по вопросам, связанным с правом короны на недвижимое или движимое имущество ~ служба, должность;
an office under Government место на государственной службе;
an honorary office почетная должность ~ служба ~ pl службы при доме (кладовые и т. п.) ~ служебное помещение ~ управление ~ услуга ~ услуга;
good office любезность, одолжение;
ill office плохая услуга ~ учреждение ~ функция ~ церковная служба;
обряд;
Office for the Dead заупокойная служба;
the Office of the Mass обедня;
the last offices похоронный обряд ~ block административное здание;
здание, в котором помещаются конторы разных фирм ~ церковная служба;
обряд;
Office for the Dead заупокойная служба;
the Office of the Mass обедня;
the last offices похоронный обряд ~ ведомство, министерство;
управление;
Office of Education Федеральное управление просвещения (в США) ~ of future отдел перспективного планирования ~ of issue эмитент ~ of notary public государственная нотариальная контора ~ of patent agents бюро патентных поверенных ~ церковная служба;
обряд;
Office for the Dead заупокойная служба;
the Office of the Mass обедня;
the last offices похоронный обряд recruiting ~ призывной пункт;
inquiry office справочное бюро;
our London office наш филиал в Лондоне paperless ~ вчт. безбумажное учреждение paperless ~ организация с безбумажным делопроизводством parcels ~ грузовая контора parcels ~ ж.-д. посылочное отделение patent ~ патентное бюро patent ~ патентное ведомство patent: ~ office бюро патентов;
patent right амер. патент pay ~ платежная касса pay ~ платежное учреждение pay ~ финансовая часть payment ~ касса period in ~ период нахождения в должности personnel ~ отдел кадров placement ~ бюро трудоустройства post ~ почтовое отделение prefect's ~ префектура Prime Minister's Office канцелярия премьер-министра public employment ~ государственная контора по трудоустройству public ~ государственное учреждение public ~ муниципальное учреждение public: ~ общественный;
государственный;
public man общественный деятель;
public office государственное, муниципальное или общественное учреждение public prosecutor's ~ прокуратура public record ~ государственный архив record: Record Office, Public Record Office Государственный архив public relations ~ отдел по связям с общественными организациями purchasing ~ офис компании, где оформляются все ее покупки Record Office государственный архив (Великобритания) record: Record Office, Public Record Office Государственный архив recruiting ~ призывной пункт;
inquiry office справочное бюро;
our London office наш филиал в Лондоне regional ~ региональное бюро regional ~ региональное управление register ~ бюро записи актов гражданского состояния register ~ регистратура register: ~ office = registry registered ~ зарегистрированная контора registered ~ официальный адрес правления компании registered ~ юридический адрес компании registrar's ~ регистрационное бюро registry ~ регистратура;
отдел записи актов гражданского состояния removal from ~ смещение с должности representative ~ представительство revenue ~ бюро налогов и сборов salary ~ отдел заработной платы sales ~ отдел сбыта shipping ~ транспортная контора social service ~ бюро социального обслуживания social welfare ~ бюро социального обеспечения sorting ~ сортировочный отдел State Accident Compensation Office Государственное управление (бюро) по выплате компенсаций в связи с несчастным случаем status inquiry ~ орган обследования общественного положения to take (или to enter upon) ~ вступать в должность;
to be in office быть у власти take ~ вступать в должность tax collector's ~ налоговое управление tax ~ налоговое управление ticket ~ билетная касса tourist information ~ туристическое бюро vacant ~ вакансия vacant ~ вакантная должность wage ~ касса wage ~ расчетный отдел to get (или to come) into ~ принять дела, приступить к исполнению служебных обязанностей;
to win office победить на выборах, прийти к власти -
66 advertising agency
рекл. рекламное агентство, рекламная фирма [компания\] (компания, занимающаяся созданием и размещением рекламы по поручению рекламодателей)Today, the advertising agency is primarily responsible for the production of commercial spots as well as the purchasing of air time on behalf of clients. — На сегодняшний день рекламное агентство прежде всего отвечает за производство коммерческих рекламных роликов и за покупку эфирного времени за счет клиентов.
Syn:See:
* * *
рекламное агентство: компания, которая специализируется на производстве и размещении рекламы.* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *фирма, предоставляющая клиентам услуги в области рекламы и маркетинга и получающая за это компенсацию в виде комиссионных от средств распространения рекламы или в виде гонорара, получаемого от рекламодателя в заранее обусловленном размере -
67 agent
сущ.1) эк., юр. агент, представитель, посредник; поверенный, доверенное лицо, уполномоченный (лицо, получившее право действовать от имени и по поручению другого лица (принципала, доверителя) за определенное вознаграждение)ATTRIBUTES: accredited 1) б), authorized 1) б), captive 1. 4) б), commercial 1. 1) б), diplomatic 1) б), economic 1) б), exclusive 1. 2) а), executive 2. 1) а), foreign 1) б), independent 1) б), local 1. 1) б), official 2. 1) а), paid 2. 2) а), part-time 1. 1) б), registered 1) б)
COMBS:
agent for the purchase of wheat — агент по покупке [закупкам\] пшеницы
See:accredited agent, acquisition agent, advance agent, advertising agent, Agent General, Agent-General, agent's agent, area agent, authorized agent, author's agent, bargaining agent, booking agent, break-bulk agent, business agent, buying agent, calculating agent, captive agent, cargo agent 1), cash field agent, change agent 2), chartered agent, claim agent, claims agent, clearance agent, clearing agent, closing agent, coagent, co-agent, collecting agent, collection agent, combined agent, commercial agent, commission agent, consular agent, county agent, custom house agent, customs agent, customs clearance agent, customs clearing agent, customs house agent, debit agent, del credere agent, diplomatic agent, disbursing agent, dual agent, economic agent, employment agent, enrolled agent, escrow agent, estate agent, excess and surplus lines agent, excess line agent, excess lines agent, exclusive agent, executive agent, export agent, export sales agent, FBI agent, fiscal agent, foreign agent, foreign sales agent, forwarding agent, free agent, freight agent, general agent, geophysical prospecting permit agent, government agent, governmental agent, grain-elevator agent, handling agent, health agent, health care agent, home service agent, import agent, indent agent, independent agent, influence agent, innocent agent, insurance agent, insurance claim agent, insurance claims agent, insurance sales agents, joint agent, leasing agent, letting agent, life agent, limited agent, listing agent, literary agent, livestock commission agent, Lloyd's agent, managing agent, manufacturer's agent, member's agent, mercantile agent, merchandise agent, non-exclusive agent, outside property agent, patent agent, paying agent, permit agent, personal agent, placement agent, private agent, property agent, public agent, publicity agent, purchase agent, purchasing agent, rational agent, real estate agent, 1), redemption agent, reinsurance agent, revenue agent, right-of-way agent, right-of-way claims agent, sales agent, selling agent, settlement agent, share transfer agent, ship agent, shipping agent, shipping and forwarding agent, ship's agent, single agent, sole agent, soliciting agent, special agent, stocking agent, subagent, sub-agent, supply agent, surplus line agent, surplus lines agent, surplus-property disposal agent, talent agent, tied agent, transfer agent, traveling agent, travelling agent, underwriting agent, viatical agent, viatical settlement agent, vicarious agent, agent bank, agent commission, agent provocateur, agent's authority, agent's commission, agent's contract, agent's lien, agent of influence, agent of management, agent of record, agent of socialization, agent's duties to principal, agents' errors and omissions insurance, members' agent pooling arrangement, multiprincipal-agent, principal-agent problem, principal-agent relationship, principal-agent theory, property and casualty agent, sale by agent, agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C. 1. 3), agents and appraisers, N.E.C. 1. 5), agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C. 1. 3) а), agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C., agents and appraisers, N.E.C. 1. 4) в)2) общ. действующая сила, фактор, средствоSee:3) общ., мн. агентура, агентствоSee:4) тех. вещество, агент; реактив, реагентATTRIBUTES:
bonding agent — связующий материал, связующее вещество, связующий агент
chemical agent — химическое вещество, реактив, реагент, химический агент
See:5) комп. агент, агент-программа (программа на компьютере-клиенте, предназначенная для автономного выполнения заранее запрограммированных функций; обычно речь идет о программах, предназначенных для сбора и индексирования информации в интернете)See:2)6) гос. упр. агент, сотрудник агентства ( чаще о работающих в секретных разведывательных службах)ATTRIBUTES:
See:
* * *
agent; Ag; Agt агент: 1) лицо, получившее право действовать от имени и по поручению принципала (клиента) за определенное вознаграждение; см. Register of Agents; 2) посредник; 3) страховой агент: независимый агент, который подбирает для клиента лучшую страховку путем анализа условий разных фирм (independent agent); также представитель страховой фирмы, который продает ее полисы (direct writer).* * *агент; представитель. Лицо, принимающее решения в тандеме агент-доверитель . A person or entity authorized to act on behalf of another party. While a person can act on his own, a corporation can only act through its agents. Словарь экономических терминов .* * *лицо, которое делает те или иные предложения от имени страховой компании в области бизнеса и получает комиссию за каждый подписанный полис-----Ценные бумаги/Биржевая деятельностьпосредник, вступающий в сделку как комиссионер, а не как принципал, не принимающий на себя никакого финансового риска по сделке (весь риск - возможность банкротства его клиента) и получающий комиссионные за оказанные им услуги-----лицо, уполномоченное другим лицом действовать от его имени, например, заключить контракт между партнером и третьей стороной; если агент сообщает третьей стороне имя своего патрона, он, как правило, не несет ответственности по контрактным обязательствам -
68 corporate procurement card
банк., фин. корпоративная закупочная карточка [карта\]* (закупочная карта, выпущенная для определенной компании)Syn:See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > corporate procurement card
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69 currency
сущ.1) фин. валюта (национальная денежная единица какой-л. страны)ATTRIBUTES:
appreciated currency — переоцененная валюта, валюта с завышенным курсом
The dollar was a strong currency. — Доллар был сильной валютой.
COMBS:
Mergers can dilute the equity of existing shareholders of the acquiring company if the deal currency is stock rather than cash.
They normally require payment in the currency of their own country.
See:account currency, accounting currency, agreement currency, Article 8 currency, artificial currency, base currency, blocked currency, common currency, community currency, composite currency, convertible currency, credit currency, domestic currency, dual currency, eurocurrency, exotic currency, fixed currency, floating currency, foreign currency, free currency, freely convertible currency, freely usable currency, functional currency, green currency, hard currency 1), home currency, inconvertible currency, intervention currency, investment currency, key currency, local currency, managed currency, national currency, non-convertible currency, overvalued currency, pegged currency, petrocurrency, price currency, quoted currency, reporting currency, reserve currency, single currency, soft currency, sound currency, undervalued currency, vehicle currency, weak currency, xenocurrency, currency appreciation, currency arbitrage, currency area, currency band, currency basket, currency bloc, currency block, currency board, currency clause, currency cocktail, currency composite, currency contract, currency conversion, currency convertibility, currency crisis, currency dealer, currency depreciation, currency fund, currency futures, currency futures contract, currency holdings, currency integration, currency intervention, currency market, currency option, currency policy, currency position, currency quotation, currency reserve, currency restrictions, currency risk, currency snake, currency speculation, currency substitution, currency swap, currency union, currency zone, backing of currency, convertibility of currency, currency interest rate swap, currency of contract, currency of credit, currency of price, gold and foreign currency reserves, indexed currency option note, inflation of currency, issue of currency, N-th currency problem, par value of currency, purchasing power of the currency, Currency Transaction Report, First National Bank of Eden, South Dakota v. Department of the Treasury, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, First National Bank of Eden, South Dakota v. Department of the Treasury, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, First National Bank of Eden, South Dakota v. Department of the Treasury, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, First National Bank of Eden, South Dakota v. Department of the Treasury, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, First National Bank of Eden, South Dakota v. Department of the Treasury, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency2) эк. средство обращения (деньги, но также любой актив, выступающий как средство обращения, напр., монеты, банкноты, чеки, векселя, долговые расписки и т. п.)currency shipment — перевозка денег; партия (перевозимых) денег
See:counterfeit currency, deposit currency, fiat currency, fiduciary currency, fractional currency, gold currency, hard currency 2), irredeemable currency, metallic currency, paper currency, strong currency, Treasury currency, wildcat currency, worn currency, currency issue, currency note, currency in circulation, money, asset 1), coin, bank note 1), cheque, bill of exchange, debt obligation, medium of exchange, functions of money, negotiable instrument3)а) эк. обращение (денег) (движение денег в процессе производства и обращения товаров, оказания услуг и совершения платежей)See:, double currency, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Comptroller of the Currency, bimetallism, monometallism, monetary system, money, coinб) общ. распространение, распространенность; широкая применимость, употребительностьSince the Gulf war, the term has gained new currency. — После войны в Персидском заливе данный термин вновь обрел частотность.
4) общ. срок действия (чего-л., напр., контракта, страхового полиса и т. д.)during the currency of the agreement [policy\] — в течение срока действия данного договора [полиса\]
* * *. любая форма денег, которые находятся в обращении; . Глоссарий финансовых и биржевых терминов .* * *Финансы/Кредит/Валюта1. денежная единица страны, используемая в данном государстве2. денежные знаки иностранных государств, кредитные и платежные документы в виде векселей, чеков, банкнот, используемые в международных расчетах-----1. денежная единица для измерения величины стоимости товара2. денежная единица данной страны3. международная денежная единица и платежное средство -
70 sales representative
торг. торговый представитель (представитель фирмы, предлагающий оптовым покупателям товары или услуги по имеющимся у него образцам, каталогам)The sales representative makes the preliminary contact with customers, introduces the company's product, and closes the sale. — Торговый представитель заключает предварительный контракт с потребителями, знакомит с продукцией компании и закрывает сделку.
Syn:salesman, sales person, sales agent, selling agent, commission merchant, commercial agent, commercial representative, selling representative, selling personSee:travelling sales representative, drummer, travelling sales representative, selling commission, export agent, purchasing agent, rate book, sales engineer* * ** * *лицо, осуществляющее продажу товаров и услуг фирмы либо в качестве ее сотрудника, либо на основании договора -
71 title clerk
эк. тр., юр., амер. специалист по правам собственности* (по DOT: лицо, которое проверяет и готовит удостоверяющие документы, подтверждающие чистоту титула собственности на землю или другие контракты, связанные с арендой или покупкой земли, газа, нефти или прав на разработку полезных ископаемых; относится к группе "cпециальности, связанные с менеджментом по закупкам")See: -
72 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
73 CPC
1) Общая лексика: КОП, Central Product Classification2) Компьютерная техника: Computer Policies Committee3) Авиация: cabin pressure controller4) Медицина: Цетилпиридиний хлорид5) Военный термин: Canadian Postal Corps, Central Processing Center, Chief of Planning and Control, Coastal Patrol Boat, Collection and Processing Center, Computer Program Component, Control Processing Center, central planning center, civilian personnel circular, combined policy committee, command post carrier, communications processing center, ЦПК, Центр по предотвращению конфликтов6) Техника: Cartesian-to-polar converter, ceramic printed circuit, charge pump circuit, coated paper copier, computerized parts changer, contact process cell, controlled-potential coulometer, copper phthalocyanine, core protection calculator, core protection computer, cross-pit conveyor, cyclic permutation code7) Религия: Church- Planting Coordinator, ХМК, Христианская Мирная Конференция8) Юридический термин: УПК - Уголовно-процессуальный кодекс (Criminal procedure code)9) Экономика: Классификация основных продуктов10) Бухгалтерия: Customer Profit Contribution11) Ветеринария: Canadian Pork Council12) Грубое выражение: Cat Piss Cooler13) Оптика: compound parabolic concentrator14) Политика: Communist Party Of Canada15) Радио: Constant Power Crossover16) Телекоммуникации: Calling Party Control, Crosstalk Prevention Coding17) Сокращение: Christian Peace Conference, City Planning Commission, City Police Commissioner, Collective Purchasing Conference, Committee for Programme and Coordination, Communist Party of China, Conference Planning Committee, Conflict Prevention Centre, Control Products Corporation, Currently Perceived Choice, central processing computer, clock pulsed control18) Физиология: Choroid Plexus Cyst, Clinical Pathology Conference, Crisis Pregnancy Center19) Вычислительная техника: Cost Per Copy, card-programmed calculator, card-programmed computer, ceramic-wafer printed circuit, computer process control, cyclic permuted code20) Нефть: casing pressure closed, computer production control, computerized production control, автоматизированная нефтепромысловая система (computerized production control), давление в обсадной колонне при закрытом устье (casing pressure- closed), система автоматического контроля эксплуатации, Caspian Pipeline Construction21) Фирменный знак: Canada Postal Corporation, Combined Products Corporation, Consumers Power Company22) Реклама: Сумма, которую платит рекламодатель за размещённую на веб-сайте издателя рекламу., Cost Per Click - цена за клик23) СМИ: Celebrity Picture Community24) Деловая лексика: Client Partner Competitor, Computer Press Control26) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: chemical protective clothing27) Образование: Continuing Professional Competency28) Таможенная деятельность: Customs Procedure Code29) Сетевые технологии: Computer Print Control30) Автоматика: computerized part changer, continuous path control31) Ядерная физика: Controlled Potential Coulometry32) Сахалин Р: Caspian Pipeline Consortium33) Океанография: Climate Prediction Center, Condensation Particle Counter34) Химическое оружие: Commercial Protective Clothing35) Расширение файла: Cartesian Perceptual Compression Compressed image, Channel Program Commands, Constant Point Calculation, Cost Per Click36) Нефть и газ: ЦППН( Central Processing Centre) (Каражанбасмунай / пос.старый Жетыбай), КТК, Каспийский трубопроводный консорциум, condensate processing complex37) Военно-политический термин: Civil Protection Committee, Conflict Prevention Center38) Общественная организация: Casas Por Cristo, Center for Plant Conservation39) Должность: Certificate Of Professional Competence, Certified Pension Consultant, Certified Personnel Consultant40) Правительство: Century Percent Club41) NYSE. Central Packaging Corporation42) Аэропорты: San Martin de Los An, NE, Argentina43) Программное обеспечение: Cache Poisoning Checker -
74 GPB
1) Военный термин: General Purchasing Board2) Сокращение: General Purpose Bomb3) Электроника: Ground Power Breader4) NYSE. Georgia Power Company -
75 PG
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Plant Genome2) Компьютерная техника: Page Generator, Printable Graph3) Биология: prostaglandin4) Авиация: Pilot's Guide6) Американизм: Portfolio Grant7) Спорт: Platinum Gamers, Player's Guide, Pounding Guard, Pre Game, Proficiency Gold8) Военный термин: Packing Group, Patrol Combatant, Paymaster General, Performance Grade, Persian Gulf, Precision Guidance, Pursuit Group, pay grade, permanent grade, persistent gas, photogrammetry, pistol grip, pivot gun, program guidance, project group, proving ground, pulse gate9) Техника: general public service radio station, package, particulate and gas, pattern generator, phosphoglycerate, pressure gradient, processing gain10) Сельское хозяйство: propyl gallate11) Шутливое выражение: Pig Gettin, Pretty Girl, Private Girl12) Химия: Propylene Glycol13) Математика: проективная геометрия (projective geometry)14) Религия: Pastor Green, Praise God15) Юридический термин: Peer Guidance, Profile Guided16) Торговля: product group17) Страхование: purchasing group18) Грубое выражение: Pig Girl, Pretty Graphic, Pure Garbage19) Дипломатический термин: аббр. государства-участники (participating governments)20) Политика: Spratly Islands21) Телевидение: pulse generator22) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) Patrol or gunship (River; R), (type abbreviation) Patrol or gunshoip (Inshore; I), Chloropicrin & phosgene mixture (Chemical warfare agent), Papua New Guinea, Patrol or gunship (USA), Peer Group, pressure gage, Parental Guidance (suggested), Parity Generator, parental guidance, paying guest, professional group, Paragliding, peripheral gateway23) Университет: Post Graduate24) Физиология: Paregoric, Postgraduate25) Электроника: Pass Gap, Polarization Gate, Power Gate, Programmable Gain, Proportional Gain, Power-good26) Вычислительная техника: Parental Guidance (suggested, Movie rating)27) Нефть: per gallon, pressure gauge28) Иммунология: Picture Gallery29) Связь: Pair Gain30) Транспорт: Power Gear31) Фирменный знак: Proctor And Gamble32) СМИ: Point Guard33) Деловая лексика: Pure Grind34) Бурение: пекан-гэп (Pecan Gap; свита группы тейлор серии галф меловой системы)35) Образование: Parental Guide, Profoundly Gifted36) Сетевые технологии: Processing Group, presentation graphics37) Полимеры: powdered glue38) Ядерная физика: Pyrolytic Graphite39) Безопасность: Privacy Guard, Packaging Group (Используется в документах ADR/RID и паспортах безопасности. PG I, PG II, PG III)40) Расширение файла: Permanent Group, Page cut/paste file (IBM LinkWay)41) Электротехника: power gain42) Фантастика Planet Garth43) Имена и фамилии: Patrick Grant44) Майкрософт: необходим родительский контроль45) Должность: Physical Geography, Piano God, Plant Genetics, Professional Geologist46) Чат: Pretty Good, Pretty Gross, Profanity Guaranteed47) NYSE. Proctor & Gamble Company48) Федеральное бюро расследований: Pittsburgh Field Office49) Единицы измерений: Picogram - 0.000000000001 Gram -
76 POR
1) Американизм: Place Of Record, Policy Organization And Rules, Producer Of Record2) Военный термин: Packet Overlay Retrofit, Preliminary Operational Requirement, Preparation for Oversees Replacement, Press On Regardless, Production Order Record, Program Of Requirements, patrol operations report, periodic operations report, personnel occurrence report, preparation of overseas replacements, priority operational requirements, project officer's report, purchase order request3) Техника: plant operations review, plutonium organic recycle4) Шутливое выражение: Peugeot Of Rust5) Финансы: president's operating report6) Сокращение: Portuguese, porro7) Электроника: Process- Of- Record8) Вычислительная техника: Power-On Reset (BIOS), Point Of Return (IN)9) Онкология: Post Operative Recovery10) Транспорт: Paint Over Rust, Pilot Opinion Rating, Preparation of Replacements for Oversea Movement, порт-убежище (port of refuge)11) Деловая лексика: Payable On Receipt, Purchasing Order Request12) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: purchase order requisition13) ЕБРР: price on request14) Расширение файла: Power-On-Reset15) Яхтенный спорт: Португалия (Обозначения на парусах)17) NYSE. Poor and Company (now delisted)19) НАСА: Planning Objectives Report, Production Order Request, Project Officers Report, Provisioning Order Request20) Хобби: Paint On Rust21) Международные перевозки: port of refuge -
77 Pg
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Plant Genome2) Компьютерная техника: Page Generator, Printable Graph3) Биология: prostaglandin4) Авиация: Pilot's Guide6) Американизм: Portfolio Grant7) Спорт: Platinum Gamers, Player's Guide, Pounding Guard, Pre Game, Proficiency Gold8) Военный термин: Packing Group, Patrol Combatant, Paymaster General, Performance Grade, Persian Gulf, Precision Guidance, Pursuit Group, pay grade, permanent grade, persistent gas, photogrammetry, pistol grip, pivot gun, program guidance, project group, proving ground, pulse gate9) Техника: general public service radio station, package, particulate and gas, pattern generator, phosphoglycerate, pressure gradient, processing gain10) Сельское хозяйство: propyl gallate11) Шутливое выражение: Pig Gettin, Pretty Girl, Private Girl12) Химия: Propylene Glycol13) Математика: проективная геометрия (projective geometry)14) Религия: Pastor Green, Praise God15) Юридический термин: Peer Guidance, Profile Guided16) Торговля: product group17) Страхование: purchasing group18) Грубое выражение: Pig Girl, Pretty Graphic, Pure Garbage19) Дипломатический термин: аббр. государства-участники (participating governments)20) Политика: Spratly Islands21) Телевидение: pulse generator22) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) Patrol or gunship (River; R), (type abbreviation) Patrol or gunshoip (Inshore; I), Chloropicrin & phosgene mixture (Chemical warfare agent), Papua New Guinea, Patrol or gunship (USA), Peer Group, pressure gage, Parental Guidance (suggested), Parity Generator, parental guidance, paying guest, professional group, Paragliding, peripheral gateway23) Университет: Post Graduate24) Физиология: Paregoric, Postgraduate25) Электроника: Pass Gap, Polarization Gate, Power Gate, Programmable Gain, Proportional Gain, Power-good26) Вычислительная техника: Parental Guidance (suggested, Movie rating)27) Нефть: per gallon, pressure gauge28) Иммунология: Picture Gallery29) Связь: Pair Gain30) Транспорт: Power Gear31) Фирменный знак: Proctor And Gamble32) СМИ: Point Guard33) Деловая лексика: Pure Grind34) Бурение: пекан-гэп (Pecan Gap; свита группы тейлор серии галф меловой системы)35) Образование: Parental Guide, Profoundly Gifted36) Сетевые технологии: Processing Group, presentation graphics37) Полимеры: powdered glue38) Ядерная физика: Pyrolytic Graphite39) Безопасность: Privacy Guard, Packaging Group (Используется в документах ADR/RID и паспортах безопасности. PG I, PG II, PG III)40) Расширение файла: Permanent Group, Page cut/paste file (IBM LinkWay)41) Электротехника: power gain42) Фантастика Planet Garth43) Имена и фамилии: Patrick Grant44) Майкрософт: необходим родительский контроль45) Должность: Physical Geography, Piano God, Plant Genetics, Professional Geologist46) Чат: Pretty Good, Pretty Gross, Profanity Guaranteed47) NYSE. Proctor & Gamble Company48) Федеральное бюро расследований: Pittsburgh Field Office49) Единицы измерений: Picogram - 0.000000000001 Gram -
78 Por
1) Американизм: Place Of Record, Policy Organization And Rules, Producer Of Record2) Военный термин: Packet Overlay Retrofit, Preliminary Operational Requirement, Preparation for Oversees Replacement, Press On Regardless, Production Order Record, Program Of Requirements, patrol operations report, periodic operations report, personnel occurrence report, preparation of overseas replacements, priority operational requirements, project officer's report, purchase order request3) Техника: plant operations review, plutonium organic recycle4) Шутливое выражение: Peugeot Of Rust5) Финансы: president's operating report6) Сокращение: Portuguese, porro7) Электроника: Process- Of- Record8) Вычислительная техника: Power-On Reset (BIOS), Point Of Return (IN)9) Онкология: Post Operative Recovery10) Транспорт: Paint Over Rust, Pilot Opinion Rating, Preparation of Replacements for Oversea Movement, порт-убежище (port of refuge)11) Деловая лексика: Payable On Receipt, Purchasing Order Request12) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: purchase order requisition13) ЕБРР: price on request14) Расширение файла: Power-On-Reset15) Яхтенный спорт: Португалия (Обозначения на парусах)17) NYSE. Poor and Company (now delisted)19) НАСА: Planning Objectives Report, Production Order Request, Project Officers Report, Provisioning Order Request20) Хобби: Paint On Rust21) Международные перевозки: port of refuge -
79 pg
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Plant Genome2) Компьютерная техника: Page Generator, Printable Graph3) Биология: prostaglandin4) Авиация: Pilot's Guide6) Американизм: Portfolio Grant7) Спорт: Platinum Gamers, Player's Guide, Pounding Guard, Pre Game, Proficiency Gold8) Военный термин: Packing Group, Patrol Combatant, Paymaster General, Performance Grade, Persian Gulf, Precision Guidance, Pursuit Group, pay grade, permanent grade, persistent gas, photogrammetry, pistol grip, pivot gun, program guidance, project group, proving ground, pulse gate9) Техника: general public service radio station, package, particulate and gas, pattern generator, phosphoglycerate, pressure gradient, processing gain10) Сельское хозяйство: propyl gallate11) Шутливое выражение: Pig Gettin, Pretty Girl, Private Girl12) Химия: Propylene Glycol13) Математика: проективная геометрия (projective geometry)14) Религия: Pastor Green, Praise God15) Юридический термин: Peer Guidance, Profile Guided16) Торговля: product group17) Страхование: purchasing group18) Грубое выражение: Pig Girl, Pretty Graphic, Pure Garbage19) Дипломатический термин: аббр. государства-участники (participating governments)20) Политика: Spratly Islands21) Телевидение: pulse generator22) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) Patrol or gunship (River; R), (type abbreviation) Patrol or gunshoip (Inshore; I), Chloropicrin & phosgene mixture (Chemical warfare agent), Papua New Guinea, Patrol or gunship (USA), Peer Group, pressure gage, Parental Guidance (suggested), Parity Generator, parental guidance, paying guest, professional group, Paragliding, peripheral gateway23) Университет: Post Graduate24) Физиология: Paregoric, Postgraduate25) Электроника: Pass Gap, Polarization Gate, Power Gate, Programmable Gain, Proportional Gain, Power-good26) Вычислительная техника: Parental Guidance (suggested, Movie rating)27) Нефть: per gallon, pressure gauge28) Иммунология: Picture Gallery29) Связь: Pair Gain30) Транспорт: Power Gear31) Фирменный знак: Proctor And Gamble32) СМИ: Point Guard33) Деловая лексика: Pure Grind34) Бурение: пекан-гэп (Pecan Gap; свита группы тейлор серии галф меловой системы)35) Образование: Parental Guide, Profoundly Gifted36) Сетевые технологии: Processing Group, presentation graphics37) Полимеры: powdered glue38) Ядерная физика: Pyrolytic Graphite39) Безопасность: Privacy Guard, Packaging Group (Используется в документах ADR/RID и паспортах безопасности. PG I, PG II, PG III)40) Расширение файла: Permanent Group, Page cut/paste file (IBM LinkWay)41) Электротехника: power gain42) Фантастика Planet Garth43) Имена и фамилии: Patrick Grant44) Майкрософт: необходим родительский контроль45) Должность: Physical Geography, Piano God, Plant Genetics, Professional Geologist46) Чат: Pretty Good, Pretty Gross, Profanity Guaranteed47) NYSE. Proctor & Gamble Company48) Федеральное бюро расследований: Pittsburgh Field Office49) Единицы измерений: Picogram - 0.000000000001 Gram -
80 por
1) Американизм: Place Of Record, Policy Organization And Rules, Producer Of Record2) Военный термин: Packet Overlay Retrofit, Preliminary Operational Requirement, Preparation for Oversees Replacement, Press On Regardless, Production Order Record, Program Of Requirements, patrol operations report, periodic operations report, personnel occurrence report, preparation of overseas replacements, priority operational requirements, project officer's report, purchase order request3) Техника: plant operations review, plutonium organic recycle4) Шутливое выражение: Peugeot Of Rust5) Финансы: president's operating report6) Сокращение: Portuguese, porro7) Электроника: Process- Of- Record8) Вычислительная техника: Power-On Reset (BIOS), Point Of Return (IN)9) Онкология: Post Operative Recovery10) Транспорт: Paint Over Rust, Pilot Opinion Rating, Preparation of Replacements for Oversea Movement, порт-убежище (port of refuge)11) Деловая лексика: Payable On Receipt, Purchasing Order Request12) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: purchase order requisition13) ЕБРР: price on request14) Расширение файла: Power-On-Reset15) Яхтенный спорт: Португалия (Обозначения на парусах)17) NYSE. Poor and Company (now delisted)19) НАСА: Planning Objectives Report, Production Order Request, Project Officers Report, Provisioning Order Request20) Хобби: Paint On Rust21) Международные перевозки: port of refuge
См. также в других словарях:
Purchasing — refers to a business or organization attempting to acquire goods or services to accomplish the goals of the enterprise. Though there are several organizations that attempt to set standards in the purchasing process, processes can vary greatly… … Wikipedia
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purchasing power — The ability to purchase goods and services. In times of inflation a loss of purchasing power occurs when monetary assets are held because of the decline in the purchasing power of the currency. If a company has monetary liabilities, a purchasing… … Accounting dictionary
purchasing power — The ability to purchase goods and services. In times of inflation a loss of purchasing power occurs when monetary assets are held because of the decline in the purchasing power of the currency. If a company has monetary liabilities, a purchasing… … Big dictionary of business and management
purchasing officer — An employee of a manufacturer, who is responsible for purchasing the raw materials used in the manufacturing process. If these include raw materials that fluctuate in price, the purchasing officer has to show that the average purchase price for… … Big dictionary of business and management
purchasing department — department within a company that buys goods and equipment for the company … English contemporary dictionary
purchasing agent — 1. a person who buys materials, supplies, equipment, etc., for a company. 2. an independent buyer acting as a hired agent. [1920 25] * * * … Universalium
purchasing department — / pɜ:tʃɪsɪŋ dɪˌpɑ:tmənt/ noun the section of a company which deals with the buying of stock, raw materials, equipment, etc … Marketing dictionary in english
purchasing officer — / pɜ:tʃɪsɪŋ ˌɒfɪsə/ noun a person in a company or organisation who is responsible for buying stock, raw materials, equipment, etc … Marketing dictionary in english