plangor

* * *

plangor, ōris, m. [plango], a striking, beating, attended with noise.

In gen. ( poet.):

(undae) leni resonant plangore cachinni,

Cat. 64, 272:

feminis,

Auct. Her. 3, 15; Ov. M. 3, 498.—

In partic., a beating the breast or face in token of grief; loud mourning, wailing, lamentation (class.):

plangore et lamentatione complere forum,

Cic. Or. 38, 131:

feminei,

Verg. A. 2, 487:

dare plangorem,

to make, Ov. M. 14, 421:

percutit claro plangore lacertos, id. ib 4, 138: caesis plangore lacertis,

id. ib. 6, 532.

* * *

clārus, a, um, adj. [kindr. with Germ. klar; Engl. clear; cf. clamo], clear, bright (opp. obscurus, caecus; very freq. in all periods, and in all kinds of composition).

Lit.

Relating to the sight, clear, bright, shining, brilliant, etc.

Absol.:

luce clarā et candidā,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 49:

ut mulierum famam multorum oculis lux clara custodiat,

open day, Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 37; cf.:

frequentissimā celebritate et clarissimā luce laetari,

id. Cael. 20, 47:

lumen,

Lucr. 3, 1:

oculorum lumina,

id. 4, 825; cf.:

mundi lumina (i.e. sol et luna),

Verg. G. 1, 5:

oculi,

Cato, R. R. 157, 10:

incendia,

Verg. A. 2, 569:

lucerna,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 48:

scintillae ignis,

Lucr. 6, 163:

fulmina,

id. 6, 84:

vestis splendor,

id. 2, 52:

color,

id. 5, 1258; cf.:

color clarissimus,

id. 2, 830:

candor,

id. 4, 232:

loca,

id. 5, 779 al.:

caelum,

Tac. A. 1, 28:

nox,

id. Agr. 12:

pater omnipotens clarus intonat,

in the clear sky, Verg. A. 7, 141 Serv.; cf. Cic. Arat. 4:

sidus,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 31:

clarissimae gemmae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62; cf.

lapides,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 14:

vitrum,

Ov. M. 4, 355:

purpurarum sidere clarior usus,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 42.—

With abl.:

speculo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 112 dub.:

argento clari delphines,

Verg. A. 8, 673:

rutilis squamis,

id. G. 4, 93:

ferrugine,

id. A. 9, 582; cf. id. ib. 11, 772 Wagn.:

auro gemmisque corona,

Ov. M. 13, 704; 2, 2; 11, 359:

albo Lucifer exit Clarus equo,

id. ib. 15, 190:

claraeque coruscis Fulguribus taedae,

Lucr. 5, 295 al. —

Poet., of the wind (cf.: albus, candidus, and in Gr. lampros anemos; v. Lidd. and Scott under lampros), making clear, i. e. bringing fair weather:

aquilo,

Verg. G. 1, 460 Forbig. ad loc.—

Relating to the hearing, clear, loud, distinct:

clarā voce vocare,

Lucr. 4, 711; Cic. Clu. 48, 134; id. Caecin. 8, 22; Liv. 7, 31, 12; 42, 25, 12; Ov. M. 3, 703:

lectio,

Cels. 1, 2:

clariore voce,

Caes. B. G. 5, 30; cf. Cic. Tusc. 5, 7, 19:

sonor,

Lucr. 4, 567:

clamor,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 27:

plausus,

id. As. Grex. 6:

plangor,

Ov. M. 4, 138:

latratus,

id. ib. 13, 806:

ictus,

id. ib. 2, 625:

strepitus, Suet. Vit. Luc.: vox (opp. obtusa),

Quint. 11, 3, 15; 9, 4, 136 Spald.:

spiritus,

id. 11, 3, 55; cf. id. 11, 3, 41 and 82:

syllabae clariores,

id. 8, 3, 16.—

Trop.

Clear, manifest, plain, evident, intelligible (syn.:

planus, apertus, perspicuus, dilucidus, etc.): vide ut mi haec certa et clara attuleris,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; cf.:

omnia non properanti clara certaque erunt,

Liv. 22, 39, 22:

clara res est, quam dicturus sum, totā Siciliā celeberrima atque notissima,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61; 2, 5, 38, § 101; id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78:

luce sunt clariora nobis tua consilia,

id. Cat. 1, 3, 6:

id quod est luce clarius,

id. Tusc. 1, 37, 90:

si ea, quae dixi, sole ipso inlustriora et clariora sunt,

id. Fin. 1, 21, 71; id. Div. 1, 3, 6:

caecis hoc satis clarum est,

Quint. 12, 7, 9:

lumen eloquentiae,

id. 3, 8, 65; cf. id. 12, 10, 15; 11, 1, 75:

in narrando (T. Livius) clarissimi candoris,

id. 10, 1, 101 Spald. and Frotsch.:

Massinissam regem post LXXXVI. annum generasse filium clarum est,

Plin. 7, 14, 12, § 61:

somno clarius,

Ov. F. 3, 28:

exempla,

Tac. Or. 8; id. A. 4, 11:

documenta,

id. ib. 6, 22.—

Brilliant, celebrated, renowned, illustrious, honorable, famous, glorious, etc. (cf.: illustris, insignis, eximius, egregius, praestans, nobilis; a favorite epithet, esp. in the sup., like fortissimus, designating the highest praise of the honor-loving Roman; hence, a standing title, at all times, of distinguished public characters, as consuls, proconsuls, pontifices, senators, etc.):

nobilitas,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 28;

opp. to obscurus,

Lucr. 1, 639; so Quint. 5, 10, 26: clari viri atque magni, Cato ap. Cic. Planc. 27, 66; Cic. Sest. 69, 144:

certe non tulit ullos haec civitas aut gloriā clariores, aut auctoritate graviores,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154:

vir fortissimus et clarissimus,

id. Verr. 1, 15, 44; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 58, § 153; id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; id. Clu. 48, 134:

exempla clara et inlustria,

id. Div. 2, 3, 8:

pugna clara et commemorabilis,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 111:

pax clarior majorque quam bellum fuerat,

Liv. 10, 37, 4:

animus abunde pollens potensque et clarus,

Sall. J. 1, 3; so,

facundia clara pollensque,

id. ib. 30, 4:

clara et magnifica,

id. ib. 4, 8:

clari potentesque fieri,

id. C. 38, 1:

familia,

Tac. A. 2, 37; 3, 76:

majores,

id. ib. 4, 61: pater si in Equestri gradu clarus, clarior vitricus, Plin. [p. 350] Ep. 2, 13, 4:

clarissimi consules,

id. ib. 7, 33, 8:

generis clarissimus auctor,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 19:

clarissima civitas,

Nep. Thras. 2, 1:

apud Germanicos quoque (Titus),

Tac. H. 2, 77:

scriptores,

id. A. 1, 1.—

With abl.:

clariores gloriā,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; v. supra:

arte medicinae,

Quint. 3, 6, 64:

eloquendi suavitate,

id. 10, 1, 83:

sententiis,

id. 10, 1, 90:

Juppiter giganteo triumpho,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 7:

agendis causis,

id. Ep. 1, 7, 47:

Ajax toties servatis Achivis,

id. S. 2, 3, 194:

bello,

Tac. Agr. 29; id. H. 3, 44:

gens memoriā nominis,

id. ib. 1, 67:

Cluvius Rufus eloquentiā,

id. ib. 4, 43.—

With in:

in arte tibiarum,

Quint. 2, 3, 3; cf.:

clarissimi in eā scientiā,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 11:

in litteris,

Quint. 1, 6, 35:

in agendo,

id. 12, 10, 49:

in foro,

id. 10, 5, 14:

in contionibus,

id. 12, 2, 7; 12, 10, 49.—

With ex:

ex doctrinā nobilis et clarus,

Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 23.—

With ob:

ob obscuram linguam,

Lucr. 1, 639:

ob id factum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 32; cf.:

urbs clara ob insignem munimento naturali locum,

Liv. 24, 39, 8.—

With ab:

Trojanoque a sanguine clarus Acestes,

Verg. A. 1, 550.—

With gen.:

artis ejus,

Plin. 37, 1, 4, § 8.—

As a title:

clarissimus vir,

Cic. Att. 15, 20, 2; cf. id. ib. 14, 11, 1:

clarissimi consules,

Plin. Ep. 7, 33, 8; cf. Dig. 49, 14, 18; Lampr. Elag. 4;

Alex. Sev. 21 al.: permitto tibi vir clarissime Veiento (a senator), dicere,

Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 19; so,

ordo = senatorius,

Vop. Aur. 18 fin.; cf. also Isid. Orig. 9, 4, 12.—

Meton., of the wives of such distinguished public characters:

clarissimae feminae,

Dig. 1, 9, 8.—

In a bad sense, notorious:

minus clarum putavit fore quod de armario quam quod de sacrario esset ablatum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 27; 2, 1, 19, § 50; 2, 4, 12, § 29:

ecquid hoc totā Siciliā clarius, ecquid indignius? etc.,

id. ib. 2, 5, 7, §

16: populus (sc. Campanus), luxuriā superbiāque clarus,

Liv. 7, 31, 6.—Hence, adv.: clārē (freq. and class.).

Lit.

Of sight (acc. to I. A.), brightly, clearly:

clare oculis video,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 35:

clare fulgens caesaries,

Cat. 66, 9:

occidere,

of a star, Col. 11, 2, 52.— Comp.:

clarius micare,

Plin. 10, 20, 22, § 43:

nitere,

Stat. S. 4, 1, 4. — Sup.:

clarissime lucere,

Vitr. 9, 4.—

Of hearing (acc. to I. B.), clearly, distinctly, plainly, aloud:

clare recitare,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 30: plaudite, id. Am. fin.; cf. id. Bacch. fin.:

dic,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 15 Ruhnk.:

gemere,

Cic. Att. 2, 20, 3:

res clare enuntiare,

Quint. 8, 3, 62:

sonare,

id. 11, 3, 55:

exscreare,

id. 11, 3, 160:

maledicere,

Suet. Vit. 14 et saep.:

palam et clare,

id. Claud. 3; cf. Mart. 7, 92, 5.— Comp.:

clarius fabulari,

Suet. Calig. 22.— Sup.:

pisces clarissime audiunt,

Plin. 10, 70, 89, § 193; Vitr. 5, 3.—

Trop.

Mentally (acc. to II. A.), distinctly, intelligibly, clearly:

clare atque evidenter ostendere,

Quint. 8, 3, 86; cf. id. 4, 1, 1:

aliquid intellegere,

Plin. 37, 2, 6, § 16. — Comp.: eo clarius id periculum apparet, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2; so,

clarius intellegi,

Quint. 2, 5, 7:

clarius elucebit,

id. 12, 1, 26:

clarius ostendemus,

id. 2, 17, 25 al. — Sup., Quint. 9, 1, 19.—

Morally (acc. to II. B.), illustriously, honorably (very rare):

clarius exsplendescebat,

Nep. Att. 1, 3.

dŏlor, ōris, m. [doleo], pain, smart, ache (freq. and class.; for syn. cf.: aegrimonia, maeror, maestitia, luctus, plangor, tristitia, angor, anxietas, cura, sollicitudo).

Corporeal:

dolor est motus asper in corpore, alienus a sensibus,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 15: dolores atque carnificinas facere, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:

corporis,

Lucr. 4, 1075:

capitis,

id. 6, 785:

dentium, oculorum,

id. 6, 660:

pedum,

Cic. Brut. 34, 130:

articulorum,

id. Att. 1, 5 fin.:

laterum,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 32 et saep.—Of the pangs of childbirth, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 33; id. Cist. 1, 2, 22:

utero exorti dolores,

id. Am. 5, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. 48; 3, 1, 19; id. Truc. 4, 3, 33 (with labor); Ter. And. 1, 5, 33 (with laborare); id. Ad. 3, 1, 2 al.—Comic., of the gripings in the stomach of a hungry person, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 11.—

Mental, as a general designation of every painful, oppressive feeling, pain, distress, grief, tribulation, affliction, sorrow, anguish, trouble, vexation, mortification, chagrin, etc. (syn. luctus):

dolor (est) aegritudo crucians,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 8, 18:

si cadit in sapientem animi dolor,

id. Lael. 13, 48:

quanta est cura in animo, quantum corde capio dolorem,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 5;

so with cura,

Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 2:

in labore atque in dolore,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 20:

majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4; cf.

opp. laetatio,

Caes. B. G. 5, 52 fin.:

te dolorem, quem acceperis cum summi viri tum amicissimi morte, ferre moderate,

Cic. Lael. 2, 8; cf. id. de Or. 2, 48 fin.; and:

magno esse Germanis dolori Ariovisti mortem,

Caes. B. G. 5, 29, 3; cf. also id. ib. 7, 38, 3:

magnum et acerbum dolorem commovere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 21 fin.:

dolore angi,

id. Fam. 4, 3; cf. id. Phil. 8, 6, 18. —

Esp., indignation, wrath, animosity, anger, resentment:

sed ego in hac sententia dicenda non parebo dolori meo, non iracundiae serviam,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 1, 2; cf. id. ib. 18, 44:

et rei publicae injuriam et suum dolorem condonare,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20, 5:

qui accipit injuriam, et meminit et prae se fert dolorem suum,

Cic. Off. 2, 22 fin.:

magno dolore affici,

Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 4 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 33, 1; cf.

also: in eas (naves) indiligentiae suae ac doloris iracundia erupit,

id. ib. 3, 8, 3:

quis indomitas tantus dolor excitat iras?

Verg. A. 2, 594; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 60; id. Epod. 15, 15:

amator agit ubi secum, Accedam? an potius mediter finire dolores,

the torments of love, id. S. 2, 3, 263; cf. Ov. A. A. 2, 519; Prop. 1, 13, 9; 3, 20, 27 (4, 20, 17 M.) et saep.:

Catonem veteres inimicitiae Caesaris incitant et dolor repulsae,

Caes. B. C. 1, 4, 2; so,

repulsae,

Ov. M. 3, 395:

injuriae,

Liv. 1, 40:

ignominiae,

Suet. Vesp, 8:

conjugis amissae,

Ov. M. 7, 688 et saep.:

justus mihi dolor etiam adversus deos esset, quod, etc.,

Tac. A. 2, 71.—Prov.:

dolorem longa consumit dies,

Sen. ad Marc. 8; cf.:

dolor decrescit, ubi quo crescat non habet,

Pub. Syr. 129 (Rib.).—

Terror, Amm. 14, 2, 15.—

Meton.

A grief, i. e. an object or cause of grief:

illa (potest) etiam duris mentibus esse dolor,

Prop. 1, 14, 18; Ov. P. 3, 3, 73.—

In rhet. lang. for the Gr. pathos, passionate, warm expression; pathos, Cic. de Or. 3, 25; id. Brut. 24, 93; id. Or. 37, 130; id. de Or. 2, 17 fin.; Quint. 6, 2, 36.

gĕmĭtus, ūs (archaic gen. sing. gemiti, Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 11), m. [gemo], a sighing, a sigh, a groan, a lamentation, complaint (syn.: planctus, plangor, lamentatio, questus).

Lit.: quantum luctum quantumque gemitum, quid lacrimarum quantumque fletum factum audivi, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17; cf.:

ut urbe tota fletus gemitusque fieret,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 9, 24; id. Sest. 31, 68: gemitum trahens, Enn. ap. Non. p. 515, 26 (Trag. v. 102 Vahl.):

clamor, sonus, gemitus,

Quint. 7, 2, 46:

gemitus in dolore... gemitus elamentabilis,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 57:

lacrimabilis,

Verg. A. 3, 39:

ingentem tollere,

id. ib. 11, 37; cf.:

ingentem dare pectore ab imo,

id. ib. 1, 485:

gemitus toto foro,

Cic. Phil. 2, 34, 85:

continuus,

Quint. 11, 1, 34:

sine gemitu,

id. 2, 20, 10:

gemitu,

Verg. A. 2, 73.— Plur. (mostly poet.):

gemitus, screatus, tussis, risus abstine,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 132:

quantos et virorum et mulierum gemitus esse factos (audivi)?

Cic. Clu. 68, 192; id. Har. Resp. 18, 39:

gemitus edere,

Lucr. 4, 1015; cf.:

extremosque ciet gemitus,

Verg. G. 3, 517:

gemitus,

id. A. 2, 288; 4, 409; 6, 873; Ov. M. 2, 621:

excitare,

Liv. 9, 7, 4:

ad gemitus vulnerum,

id. 22, 5, 4; Gell. 1, 26, 7; Vulg. Judic. 2, 18; Psa. 30, 10 al.—

Poet. transf.

Pain, sorrow, Verg. A. 2, 413; cf. Lucr. 5, 1196.—

Of inanimate things, a deep or hoarse sound:

insonuere cavae gemitumque dedere cavernae,

Verg. A. 2, 53:

dat tellus gemitum,

id. ib. 9, 709:

dat gemitum moles,

Sil. 3, 643:

et gemitum ingentem pelagi pulsataque saxa Audimus,

Verg. A. 3, 555.—In plur.:

plaga facit gemitus,

Ov. M. 12, 487.

inter-vĕnĭo, vēni, ventum, 4, v. n., rarely a., to come between, come upon, to come in during, to intervene, interrupt (class.; syn. intercedo).

Lit., constr. with dat., rarely with acc.

Of persons:

sponsae pater intervenit,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 17:

quin malo abscedas: ne interveneris, quaeso, dum resipiscit,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 23:

verens ne molesti vobis interveniremus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 3:

casu Germani equites interveniunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

orationi,

Liv. 1, 48:

Statius intervenit nonnullorum querelis,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 1.— With pro:

pro sociis,

Flor. 1, 13, 6. — With ne:

ne quid perperam fieret,

Suet. Tib. 33. —

Of things.

To come, be, or lie between:

medius paries intervenit,

Dig. 33, 3, 4:

interveniente Ascanio lacu,

Plin. 5, 32, 43, § 148:

interveniente flumine,

id. 5, 1, 1, § 13; 4, 21, 35, § 115.—

To interfere with, interrupt, put a stop to.

With dat.:

nox proelio intervenit,

Liv. 23, 18:

continuationi sermonis,

Quint. 9, 3, 23:

verboque intervenit omni plangor,

Ov. M. 11, 708; so, of an oath in conversation: quoties lascivum intervenit illud, etc., Juv. 6, 194.—

With acc. (only in Tacitus):

ludorum diebus, qui cognitionem intervenerant,

Tac. A. 3, 23.—

Transf.

To take place meanwhile or among other things, to happen, occur:

nulla mihi res posthac potest jam intervenire tanta, quae, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 1:

quae inter vos intervenerint, etc.,

id. Hec. 3, 2, 16:

Epicurus exiguam dicit fortunam intervenire sapienti,

Cic. Fin. 1, 19:

casus mirificus quidam intervenit,

has taken place, id. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

interveniunt motu stellarum grandines, imbres,

Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 208:

intervenit his cogitationibus avitum malum, regni cupido,

Liv. 1, 6.—

To stand in the way of, to oppose, hinder, prevent, disturb:

Sabinum bellum coeptis intervenit,

Liv. 1, 36:

deliberationi metum pro republica intervenisse,

id. 2, 24:

vilicum intervenientem flagellāsset,

Suet. Claud. 38:

quis vestro Deus intervenit amori?

Calp. Ecl. 3, 23.—

Leg. t. t.

To interpose, become surety, Dig. 15, 1, 3, § 5; 50, 1, 17, § 15 al.—

To conduct a suit in another ' s name, Gai. Inst. 4, 87; cf. 4, 86 init.:

pro debitore,

id. ib. 4, 182.—

To interfere, intermeddle, exercise one ' s authority:

neque senatu interveniente,

Suet. Caes. 30:

praetor interveniet,

Dig. 4, 3, 23. — Pass. impers.:

si interventum est casu,

Cic. Top. 20:

ubi de improviso est interventum mulieri,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 40.

lāmentātĭo, ōnis, f. [lamentor], a wailing, moaning, weeping, lamenting, lamentation (class.; cf.:

querela, questus, lamentum, plangor, planctus): lamentatio (est) aegritudo, cum ejulatu,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 8, 18:

aegritudo, lacrumae, lamentatio,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 29:

lugubris fletusque maerens,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 13, 30:

plangore et lamentatione complerimus forum,

id. Or. 38, 131; id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:

cottidianae virginis,

id. Font. 17, 47:

(funeris),

id. Leg. 2, 23, 59; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 21:

nox lamentationis,

Vulg. Jer. 9, 19.—

Transf., plur. (in eccl. Lat.):

Lamentationes,

title of the book of afflictions, written by the prophet Jeremiah, Vulg. 2 Paral. 35, 25 al.

planctus, ūs, m. [plango].

In gen., a striking or beating accompanied by a loud noise, a banging, rustling, roaring (postAug. and mostly poet.): unum omnes incessere planctibus, of the flappings of the Harpies' wings, Val. Fl. 4, 494:

tremuit perterritus aether Planctibus insolitis,

Petr. 136: planctus illisae cautibus undae, of the roaring of the waves, Luc. 6, 690.—

In partic., a beating of the breast, arms, and face in mourning; a wailing, lamentation, lament (syn.:

plangor, lamentum, ploratus): clamor barbaro ululatu planctuque permixtus,

Curt. 3, 12, 3:

lamentis et planctibus tota regia personabat,

id. 10, 5, 7; Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 6, 2; Val. Max. 2, 6, 7; Sen. Troad. 92:

pectora illiso sonent Contusa planctu,

id. Thyest. 1045:

verberabam aegrum planctibus pectus,

Petr. 81; Luc. 2, 23:

gemitus ac planctus,

groans and lamentations, Tac. A. 1, 41; Flor. 4, 1 med.:

et factus est planctus magnus in Israel,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 1, 26 et saep.