pedem

stăbĭlĭo, īvi, ītum (sync. imperf. stabilibat, Enn. Ann. 44), 4, v. a. [stabilis], to make firm, steadfast, or stable; to fix, stay, establish (class.; esp. in the trop. sense).

Lit.: semita nulla pedem stabilibat, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 44 Vahl.):

eo stabilita magis sunt,

Lucr. 3, 202; cf.: confirmandi et stabiliendi causā singuli ab infimo solo pedes terrā exculcabantur, * Caes. B. G. 7, 73:

vineas,

Col. 4, 33, 1:

loligini pedes duo, quibus se velut ancoris stabiliunt,

Plin. 9, 28, 44, § 83.—

Trop.: regni stabilita scamna solumque, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48 fin. (Ann. v. 99 Vahl.):

alicui regnum suom,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 39; cf.: libertatem civibus, Att. ap. Cic. Sest. 58, 123:

rem publicam (opp. evertere),

Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 65; so,

rem publicam,

id. Sest. 68, 143:

leges,

id. Leg. 1, 23, 62:

nisi haec urbs stabilita tuis consiliis erit,

id. Marcell. 9, 29:

matrimonia firmiter,

id. Rep. 6, 2, 2: pacem, concordiam, Pseud.-Sall. Rep. Ordin. 1 fin. (p. 267 Gerl.):

res Capuae stabilitas Romana disciplina,

Liv. 9, 20:

nomen equestre in consulatu (Cicero),

Plin. 33, 2, 8, § 34:

(aegrum) ad retinendam patientiam,

to strengthen, fortify him, Gell. 12, 5, 3.

strŭo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. [root stor; Gr. strônnumi, to spread; cf. Sanscr. upa-star, to make ready; and v. sterno], to place by or upon each other; to pile up, arrange, etc.

Lit.

In gen. (rare but class.; cf.

condo, compono): quasi structa et nexa verbis, etc.,

Cic. Or. 41, 140:

lateres, qui super musculo struantur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10:

altaque congestos struxisse ad sidera montes,

Ov. M. 1, 153:

arbores in pyram,

id. ib. 9, 231:

frugem ordine,

Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

avenas,

Ov. M. 1, 677:

ordine longo penum,

Verg. A. 1, 704; Sil. 11, 279; hence, poet., transf.:

altaria donis,

Verg. A. 5, 54:

acervum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 35:

congeriem armorum,

Tac. A. 2, 22:

opes, rem,

to heap up, accumulate, Petr. 120, 85; Pers. 2, 44: PEDEM, to heap up steps, i. e. to flee: SI CALVITVR PEDEMVE STRVIT MANVM ENDOIACITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Fest. 313 Müll.— Absol.: aliae (apes) struunt, aliae poliunt, aliae suggerunt, pile up (the comb), Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 22. —

In partic.

To make by joining together; to build, erect, fabricate, make, form, construct (syn. aedifico):

fornacem bene struito... lateribus summam (fornacem) struito,

Cato, R. R. 38, 1 and 3: per speluncas saxis structas, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37 (Trag. Rel. p. 208 Rib.); imitated by Lucr. 6, 195; cf.:

templa saxo structa vetusto,

Verg. A. 3, 84:

moenia saxo,

Ov. M. 6, 573:

moenia,

Verg. A. 5, 811:

domos,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 19:

pyras,

Verg. A. 11, 204:

ingentem pyram,

id. ib. 6, 215; Luc. 3, 240:

navem,

Val. Fl. 5, 295:

tubas,

to make, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 20:

cubilia,

Luc. 9, 841:

convivia,

to get ready, prepare, Tac. A. 15, 37 et saep.— Absol.:

reticulata structura, quā frequentissime Romae struunt,

Plin. 36, 22, 51, § 172. — Part. perf., subst.:

saxorum structa,

masonry, Lucr. 4, 361.—

With the idea of order predominating, to set in order, arrange:

copias ante frontem castrorum struit,

arranges, draws up in rank and file, Caes. B. C. 3, 37; so,

aciem,

Liv. 9, 31; 8, 8; Verg. A. 9, 42: omnes armatos in campo, Liv 42, 51.—

Trop.

In gen., to join together, compound, compose:

ex praepositione et duobus vocabulis dure videtur struxisse Pacuvius, Nerei repandirostrum,

Quint. 1, 5, 67.—

In partic.

To prepare something detrimental; to cause, occasion; to devise, contrive, instigate, etc. (very freq., esp. in Cic.):

struunt sorores Atticae dirum nefas, Poët. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2596 P. (Trag. Rel. p. 272 Rib.): aliquid calamitatis struere et moliri,

Cic. Clu. 64, 178:

sycophantias,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 57:

num me fefellit hosce id struere?

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 3:

sollicitudinem sibi,

Cic. Att. 5, 21, 3:

odium in alios,

id. de Or. 2, 51, 208:

insidias alicui,

Liv. 23, 17:

consilia recuperandi regni,

id. 2, 3; Tac. A. 2, 65 fin.; Ov. M. 1, 198: periculum ruinae, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3:

pericula alicui,

Sen. Ep. 10, 2:

mortem alicui,

Tac. A. 4, 10 fin.:

crimina et accusatores,

id. ib. 11, 12; cf.: ultroque struebantur qui monerent perfugere ad Germaniae exercilus, [p. 1768] id. ib. 4, 67:

controversiam de nomine,

Auct. Her. 2, 28, 45:

causas,

Tac. A. 2, 42:

quid struit?

Verg. A. 4, 235:

quid struis?

id. ib. 4, 271; Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 6.—

To order, arrange, dispose, regulate:

rem domi,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 8:

verba,

Cic. de Or. 3, 43, 171:

bene structa collocatio,

id. Or. 70, 232:

orationem,

Quint. 7, 10, 7: orationem solutam, Prob. ap. Gell. 13, 20, 1:

dum proxima dicimus, struere ulteriora possimus,

Quint. 10, 7, 8:

quid parum structum (in oratione),

Sen. Ep. 100, 5:

cum varios struerem per saecula reges,

ordained, Val. Fl. 1, 535.—

To fit out, provide with (late Lat.):

quot steriles utriusque naturae infructuosis genitalibus structi,

Tert. Res. Carn. 61:

sermo autem spiritu structus est,

id. adv. Prax. 8; id. Verg. Vel. 9.—Hence, structē, adv., orderly, regularly, methodically (very rare):

historiam scripsere Sallustius structe, Pictor incondite,

Front. Ep. ad Ver. 1:

quae nobis causa est structius prodeundi?

with more embellishment, more ornately, Tert. Cult. Fem. 11.

sup-planto ( subpl-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [planta], to trip up one ' s heels, to throw down, huposkelizô.

Lit.:

supplantare dictum est pedem supponere, Lucilius: supplantare aiunt Graeci,

Non. 36, 3: qui stadium currit, supplantare eum, quīcum certet nullo modo debet, * Cic. Off. 3, 10, 42:

athleta supplantatus,

Sen. Ep. 13, 2. —

Transf., in gen., to throw down, throw to the ground, overthrow:

vitem,

Col. Arb. 7, 4:

vites in terram,

Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 212:

uvas,

id. 17, 22, 35, § 192:

fulturas (vehemens aquae vis),

Vitr. 10, 22.— Poet.: tenero supplantat verba palato, trips up, i. e. distorts, minces, Pers. 1, 35:

judicium,

to overturn, Quint. Decl. 7.

sŭper-fĕro, ferre, v. a.

To carry over or beyond, to place or put over (postAug.):

pedem parturienti,

Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 103. — Pass., to go, ride, fly, swim, etc., over:

pisces,

Plin. 9, 16, 25, § 58; App. de Mundo fin.; Tert. Bapt. 4; Mart. Cap. 8, § 882. —

To carry over or beyond the time:

periclitari partus, si superferatur,

Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133. —

To raise high, carry over the head:

aurum,

Plin. 33, 4, 25, § 84.—Hence, sŭperlātus, a, um, P. a., extravagant, excessive, exaggerated:

verba (with translata),

Cic. Part. Or. 15, 53; Quint. 8, 3, 43.

sup-planto ( subpl-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [planta], to trip up one ' s heels, to throw down, huposkelizô.

Lit.:

supplantare dictum est pedem supponere, Lucilius: supplantare aiunt Graeci,

Non. 36, 3: qui stadium currit, supplantare eum, quīcum certet nullo modo debet, * Cic. Off. 3, 10, 42:

athleta supplantatus,

Sen. Ep. 13, 2. —

Transf., in gen., to throw down, throw to the ground, overthrow:

vitem,

Col. Arb. 7, 4:

vites in terram,

Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 212:

uvas,

id. 17, 22, 35, § 192:

fulturas (vehemens aquae vis),

Vitr. 10, 22.— Poet.: tenero supplantat verba palato, trips up, i. e. distorts, minces, Pers. 1, 35:

judicium,

to overturn, Quint. Decl. 7.

tālĕa, ae, f., a slender staff, a rod, stick, stake, bar (syn.: virga, stipes).

In gen.:

taleae pedem longae ferreis hamis infixis totae in terram infodiebantur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73: ferreae, iron rods, used as money by the Britons, id. ib. 5, 12; Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 23. —

In partic.

In agricult.,

A cutting, set, layer for planting, Cato, R. R. 45; Varr. R. R. 1, 40, 4; Col. 4, 31, 2; 4, 33, 4; Pall. Mart. 10, 11; Plin. 17, 10, 11, § 61. —

Transf., a scion, twig, sprig, Ser. Samm. 12, 167.—

In archit., a small beam used for binding together the joints of a wall, Vitr. 1, 5.

tandem, adv. [tam and the demonstr. termination dem; prop. just so far; hence, transf. to time, after so long, after a long time], implying the end of long delay or expectation, at length, at last, in the end, finally (cf.: denique, postremo).

Lit.

In gen.

Alone: Juppiter tibi summe tandem male re gestā gratulor, Enn. ap. Non. 116, 29 (Trag. v. 242 Vahl.):

ne navigarem tandem hoc aetatis senex,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 109:

haec illic est pugnata pugna usque a mane ad vesperum... Sed proelium id tandem diremit nox interventu suo,

id. Am. 1, 1, 99:

tandem cognosti, qui siem,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 7:

tandem reprime iracundiam,

id. Ad. 5, 3, 8:

quod si animi vis in capite esse posset... soleret tandem in eodem homine manere,

in the end, after all, Lucr. 5, 137:

tandem vulneribus defessi pedem referre coeperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

tandem milites conscendere in naves jubet,

id. ib. 5, 7;

7, 67: tandem desine sequi,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 11; 3, 15, 2; id. S. 2, 5, 68:

finiat ut poenas tandem rogat,

Ov. M. 1, 735; Curt. 6, 7, 12.—

Strengthened,

By jam:

jam tandem aedes igitur,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 39 Brix; cf. Cic. Agr. 2, 37, 103:

jam tandem Italiae fugientis prendimus oras,

Verg. A. 6, 61; so id. ib. 10, 890;

12, 497 (cf.: jam denique,

id. ib. 2, 70.—

By aliquando:

aliquando tandem huc animum ut adjungas tuum,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 61; cf.:

tandem aliquando L. Catilinam... ex urbe ejecimus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 1; so,

tandem aliquando,

id. ib. 1, 7, 18; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Fam. 11, 27, 5; 16, 9, 4; v. aliquando.—

Pleon., with denique:

tandem denique asinali verecundiā ductus,

App. M. 4, p. 153, 3; so,

tandem denique,

id. ib. 3, p. 138, 39; 10, p. 245, 16; cf.:

recreatus denique tandem,

Amm. 17, 12, 10.—

In partic., in interrogative clauses, pray, pray now, now, then: quid tandem, what in the world, etc. (very freq. in class. prose):

quid tandem admisi in me, ut loqui non audeam?

Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 12: quid tandem agebatis, [p. 1840] Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 19:

quae res tandem inciderat?

id. ib. 1, 11, 17:

quod genus tandem est istud ostentationis et gloriae?

id. Roab. Post. 14, 38; id. Leg. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

quonam tandem modo?

id. Tusc. 3, 4, 8; id. Part. Or. 4, 12; id. Fin. 2, 19, 60:

(id) quo tandem animo tibi ferendum putas?

id. Cat. 1, 7, 16:

hoc, per ipsos deos, quale tandem est?

id. N. D. 1, 38, 105:

quanto tandem illum moerore afflictum esse putatis?

id. Cat. 2, 1, 2:

quorsum tandem? aut cur ista quaeris?

id. Leg. 1, 1, 4:

quousque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientiā nostrā?

id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

quae quousque tandem patiemini?

Sall. C. 20, 9; Cic. Caecin. 17, 48; so,

utrum tandem... an,

id. Fl. 10, 24:

scis Quo tandem pacto deceat, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 2:

ain' tandem ita esse ut dicis?

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 19; so,

ain' tandem?

id. Trin. 4, 2, 145; id. Truc. 2, 7, 47; Ter. And. 5, 3, 4; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 26; Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23; id. Att. 9, 21, 1:

itane aiebat tandem?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 66; so,

itane tandem?

id. Trin. 3, 2, 16; Ter. And. 3, 2, 12; id. Heaut. 5, 2, 1; id. Phorm. 2, 1, 1; 3, 2, 42. —

Transf., for denique, finally, to mark the final clause of a series (very rare), Quint. 12, 1, 25.

tĕnax, ācis, adj. [id.], holding fast, griping, tenacious.

Lit.

In gen. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

prensatque tenaci forcipe ferrum,

Verg. A. 12, 404; 8, 453; cf.:

dente tenaci Ancora fundabat naves,

id. ib. 6, 3:

vinclum,

id. G. 4, 412; Ov. M. 11, 252:

complexus,

id. ib. 4, 377:

lappa,

id. P. 2, 1, 14:

hedera arborem implicat,

Cat. 61, 34:

loca limosa tenacia gravi caeno,

Tac. A. 1, 63:

amplexus,

App. M. 9, p. 219, 17:

maltha, quae est res omnium tenacissima,

Plin. 36, 24, 58, § 181.— With gen.:

herba asperitate etiam vestium tenaci,

Plin. 27, 5, 15, § 32. — Comp.:

cutis tenacior capilli,

Plin. 22, 22, 39, § 82.—

Subst.: tĕnāces, ĭum, m., things that hold fast. i. e. bands, stalks, or pedicles of fruit, etc., Pall. Febr. 18, 1; 25, 9; id. Mart. 10, 4 and 9; id. Sept. 17.—

In partic., holding fast to wealth, power, etc., griping, sparing, niggardly, stingy, tenacious (class.;

syn. parcus): filius familias patre parco ac tenaci,

Cic. Cael. 15, 36: He. Tenaxne pater ejus est? Phi. Immo edepol pertinax, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 39:

parcus, truculentus, tenax,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 12:

eosdem restrictos et tenaces fuisse,

Cic. Planc. 22, 54:

non tenax in largitate,

Spart. Car. 5.—With gen.:

genus Quaesiti tenax,

Ov. M. 7, 657.— Comp.:

milites tenaciores eorum (armorum) in proelio,

Suet. Caes. 67.—

Transf., of things, that holds or sticks fast: jacere in tenaci gramine, that clings together, i. e. matted, Hor. Epod. 2, 24.— Sup.:

glaebis tenacissimum solum,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 10:

cerae,

sticky, viscid, Verg. G. 4, 161:

turpe referre pedem nec passu stare tenaci,

Ov. P. 2, 6, 21.— Comp.:

pondere tenacior navis,

Liv. 28, 30, 11:

panicula glutino tenacior,

Plin. 16, 36, 64, § 158.—

Trop.

Holding fast, retentive, firm, steadfast, persistent, tenacious (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose); usually joined with gen.:

memoria tenacissima,

Quint. 1, 1, 19:

naturā tenacissimi sumus eorum, quae rudibus annis percepimus,

id. 1, 1, 5:

pertinacem ultra modum esse tenacem propositi,

id. 11, 1, 90; so,

propositi,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 1; Ov. M. 10, 405:

tenacem esse sui juris debet,

Col. 1, 7, 2:

disciplinae tenacissimus,

Plin. Ep. 10, 85 (17):

justitiae,

Juv. 8, 25:

ficti pravique (Fama),

Verg. A. 4, 188:

veri,

Pers. 5, 48:

amicitiarum,

Vell. 2, 29, 3:

exempli sui,

id. 2, 84, 3 Ruhnk.:

animi,

Manil. 4, 165:

longa tenaxque fides,

Ov. Am. 2, 6, 14.—

In a bad sense, stubborn, obstinate:

equus contra sua vincla tenax,

Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13; so,

equus,

Liv. 39, 25, 13;

and in a lusus verbb.: si esses equos, esses indomabilis... nimis tenax es,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 13:

cum video, quam sint mea fata tenacia, frangor,

Ov. P. 1, 2, 63:

ira Caesaris,

id. ib. 1, 9, 28:

morbi,

Suet. Claud. 2.— Adv.: tĕnācĭter, closely, firmly, strongly, tightly, tenaciously.

Lit.:

pressisse tenaciter ungues,

Ov. H. 9, 21:

vincire,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 6.— Comp.:

apprehendere,

Val. Max. 7, 5, 2; Macr. S. 7, 3:

habitare,

Aug. Ep. 6.—

Trop., persistently, firmly:

urgere,

Ov. H. 3, 43.— Comp., Sol. 52, § 44; Amm. 25, 4, 4.— Sup., App. M. 5, p. 167, 22.