-
121 ἄρυα
Grammatical information: n. pl.Other forms: Cf. αὑαρά τὰ Ποντικὰ κάρυα H.; mistake for κάρυα?Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] [61] [531]Etymology: - ἄρυον is considered a variant of κάρυον, s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 155f.; note however, that the gloss is our only evidence for a form with k-. - With ἄρυα G. Meyer Alb. Wb. 17 compared Alb. arrë f. `nut, nut-tree', OCS orěxъ `nut', with Lith. ríešas, ríešutas `nut', Latv. riẽksts `nut', OPr. buccareisis `beech-nut' (first element bucus `beech'). The BSl. forms have *a\/or- beside *r-, followed by - ei-, so they are very far removed from the Greek forms. - Cf. Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 238, who assumes parallel loans from a non-IE language, which seems probable; note that * kar- cannot be IE (it would require * kh₂r-, which is quite improbable). PIE had no prefix *k- (DELG); one would rather think of a form * qar-, of which the first phoneme (a uvular) was rendered as k- or zero.Page in Frisk: 1,157Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄρυα
-
122 ἀτράφαξυς
ἀτράφαξυς, - υοςGrammatical information: f.Other forms: ἀδράφαξυς ( ἁδρ-), ἀνδράφαξυς, ἀτράφαξις, cf. Hdn. Gr. 1, 539; 2, 49; 467 and Strömberg Pflanz. 160.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unknown. Generally considered a loan. Clearly a substr. word, as the variants δ\/τ, prenasal., (and perh. υ\/ι) are typical for these words; folk etymology (after ἁδρός, ἀνήρ) is unconvincing. Fur. 179 etc. - Lat. atriplex is a loan from Greek rather than a parallel loan.Page in Frisk: 1,181Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀτράφαξυς
-
123 ἄφενος
Grammatical information: n.Other forms: m. (after πλοῦτος, Fehrle Phil Woch. 46, 700f).Compounds: εὐηφενής (Il.; the better attested v. l. εὐηγενής is hardly correct; Bechtel, Lex.); also in the PN Δι-, Κλε-, Τιμ-αφένης.Derivatives: (with loss of vowel and remarkable final stress) ἀφνειός (Il.), later ἀφνεός `rich' (Il.). From here retrograde ἄφνος n. (Pi. Fr. 219).Etymology: Uncertain. The connection with Skt. ápnas- n. `possessions, riches' (Bréal MSL 13, 382f.; cf. ὄμπνη; also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 515) is now generally rejected (also as * apsnos). - The word was one of the corner stones of the Pelasgian theory, which can now be abandoned (also Heubeck's variant, the Minoan-Minyan language: Praegraeca 70). The agreement with Hitt. happina(nt)- `rich', is remarkable. The postulated verb hap-(zi) is improbable (Puhvel HED 3, 124f). The Hittite word could be IE (Szemerényi Glotta 33, 1954, 275 - 282). Puhvel's h₁op- is impossible ( h₁- disappears in Hittite); but Lat. opulentus \< * op-en-ent- is improbable: - ulentus is a frequent suffix in Latin, and - ant is very productive in Hittite so that it cannot be projected back into PIE; with it disappears the explanation of - ulentus (I also doubt the dissmilation n - nt, with t after the second n; there are other difficulties in the theory, as the author indicated); the - en- has no clear function and is not found elsewhere after op-; thus the connection of opulentus with the Hittite word disappears. - Irene Balles (HS 110, 1997) starts from *n̥-gʷʰn-o-, parallel to - io- in Skt. ághnyā- `(the valuable animal which is) not to be killed'. (She explains the adj., and the accent, from *n̥gʷʰn-es-o- \> ἀφνεό-, with metrical lengthening in Homer). But she has to explain the full grade from analogy after σθένος, which is improbable; the whole construction is not convincing. - The Greek word is rather IE (cf. archaic εὐηφενής). For Greek a root * h₂bʰen- is the obvious reconstruction. The accent and the form ἀφνεός may be explained following Balles: *h₂bʰnes-ó-, with ablaut as in ἄλγος - ἀλεγεινός (metr. lengthening in Homer is probable as *ἀφνεοιο is impossible in the hexameter and *ἀφνεος, -ν etc. are difficult). Thus the word seem perfectly IE. It cannot be connected with the Hittite word (reading *ḫpina- is doubtful). A loan from Anatolian would have κ-, the φ would be unclear, the s-stem, and the adjective.Page in Frisk: 1,195Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄφενος
-
124 βιδυιοι
Grammatical information: m.pl.Meaning: `overseer', designation of Spartan officials, overseeing the male youth (Laconia, Messenia [IIa], Paus.).Etymology: From *Ϝιδυσ-ι̯οι, i. e. the zero grade of the perf. ptc. εἰδώς; cf. Hom. Ϝιδυῖα (s. οἶδα). Cf. the Myc. name widowoijo. Further Att. ἰδῦ(ῖ)οι συνίστορες, μάρτυρες (Solon ap. Ar. fr. 222); and ἰδυῖοι... οἱ τὰς φονικὰς δίκας κρὶνοντες H. - The form with - ε- is not well explained, s. Bechtel, Gr. Dial. 2, 355ff. On βι-, βει- cf. Bourguet, Laconien 97 n. 3. A parallel formation was seen in βέβαιος, hardly correctly.Page in Frisk: 1,236-237Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βιδυιοι
-
125 βιδυοι
Grammatical information: m.pl.Meaning: `overseer', designation of Spartan officials, overseeing the male youth (Laconia, Messenia [IIa], Paus.).Etymology: From *Ϝιδυσ-ι̯οι, i. e. the zero grade of the perf. ptc. εἰδώς; cf. Hom. Ϝιδυῖα (s. οἶδα). Cf. the Myc. name widowoijo. Further Att. ἰδῦ(ῖ)οι συνίστορες, μάρτυρες (Solon ap. Ar. fr. 222); and ἰδυῖοι... οἱ τὰς φονικὰς δίκας κρὶνοντες H. - The form with - ε- is not well explained, s. Bechtel, Gr. Dial. 2, 355ff. On βι-, βει- cf. Bourguet, Laconien 97 n. 3. A parallel formation was seen in βέβαιος, hardly correctly.Page in Frisk: 1,236-237Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βιδυοι
-
126 βουκόλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `cowherd', also adj. (Il.).Derivatives: βουκολίαι `herds of cattle' (h. Merc.), βουκόλια (- ιον) `id.' (Hdt.); βουκολεῖον `office of the ἄρχων βασιλεύς' (Arist. Ath. 3, 5; cf. πρυτανεῖον); βουκολίς f. subst. und adj. `pasture' (D. H.); βουκολίσκος kind of bandage (Gal.; cf. βουβωνίσκος s. βουβών); βουκολίνη κίγκλος τὸ ὄρνεον H.; see Thompson Birds s. v.; βουκολικός `regarding the shepherd', "bucolic" (Theoc.). - Denomin. βουκολέω (Il.), βουκολιάζομαι, - ιάζω `sing shepherd songs' (Theoc.). - From βουκόλος as short name, Βοῦκος (Theoc.).Etymology: Old compound of βοῦς and πέλομαι. Celtic parallel but i-stem): MIr. búachaill, Welsh bugail `shepherd'. Cf. αἰπόλος and ἀμφίπολος (s. vv.).Page in Frisk: 1,257-258Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βουκόλος
-
127 βράκος
Grammatical information: m.?Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Identified with ῥάκος, but the meaning does not fit. - The first gloss is (also) quite unclear; *wr̥kos parallel to γάρκαν ῥάβδον H., Belardi, Doxa 3 (1950)199f.?Page in Frisk: 1,263Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βράκος
-
128 βρί
βρί ( βρῖ)Grammatical information: ?Meaning: ἐπὶ τοῦ μεγάλου καὶ ἰσχυροῦ καὶ χαλεποῦ τίθεται H.Dialectal forms: The interpretation of Myc. piritawo is uncertain.Compounds: In e.g. βρι-ήπυος `loud crying' of Ares (Ν 521), with ἠπύω, Βριάρεως s. below, βριηρόν μεγάλως κεχαρισμένον H. (cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 139, to ἦρα?; against Hoffmann Glotta 28, 23f.). Βρίακχος `Bacchante' (S.) with ἰάχω, Ἴακχος.Derivatives: Adj. βριαρός `strong' (Il.) (cf. χαλαρός beside χαλί-φρων). Verb βριάω `be or make strong, mighty' (Hes.; cf. χαλάω) backformation from βριαρός? s. Schwyzer 682f., Bechtel a. a. O; also βριερός. For Βριάρεως, a giant with hundred arms (Il.), in Hes. Ο᾽βριάρεως, the interpretation `who causes much damage (ἀρή)' (Bechtel, Lex.) is most uncertain; much more probably it is a Pre-Gr. name, Fur. 168 n. 103. - With θ: βρί̄θω, (βέβρῑθα, βρῖσαι) `be laden with, full of' (Il); βρῑθύς `heavy(?)' (Il.), βρῖθος n. `weight' (Hp.), βριθοσύνη `id.' (Il.) - Here also βρινδεῖν θυμοῦσθαι, ἐρεθίζειν H. with prenasalization of βριθ-? (for the meaning cf. βριμάομαι). Further βρίμη, βριμάομαι. S. also βρίζω and ὕβρις.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The idea of an `ablaut' ī\/ia must be given up; such cases have appeared to continue -ih₂-\/-ih₂-e. So βριαρός could be * gʷrih₂-eros. (There can be no derivational system i\/ro in these words; nor is a form *βριαρ probable, as Benveniste supposed, Origines 15.) The connection with βαρύς has also become very doubtful: βαρύς continues * gʷrH-u-, and * gʷrH-iH- would have given *βαρῑ-; possible would be * gʷr-iH-, from a root without laryngeal, but the only evidence for such a root would be Skt. grī-ṣmá- m. `Hochsommer', if *`die Zeit des heftigen, starken Sommers' (Wackernagel KZ 61, 197f., with sámā `(half)year', Av. ham- `summer' - but these derive from * smH-, which would make difficulty), but this analysis is quite uncertain (a meaning `heavy; does not seem appropriate). - (That Lat. (Osc.-Umbr.) brūtus = Latv. grũts `heavy' is a parallel ū-enlargement is even more doubtful.) - The - θ- can be the enlargement indicating a state (Benveniste, Origines 190).- As Fur. (168 n. 104, 174 n. 122, 246f) remarks the words refer more to `big, strong, χαλεπός' than to 'heavy'. The connection to βριμός (s. βρίμη) therefore seems evident. As βρῑμ- is very probable related to ὄβριμος (cf. ὀβριάρεως), we have to do with a Pre-Greek word (Fur. index). S. φριμάσσομαι.Page in Frisk: 1,267-268Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βρί
См. также в других словарях:
Parallel — Par al*lel, a. [F. parall[ e]le, L. parallelus, fr. Gr. ?; para beside + ? of one another, fr. ? other, akin to L. alius. See {Alien}.] 1. (Geom.) Extended in the same direction, and in all parts equally distant; as, parallel lines; parallel… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Parallel — may refer to: Mathematics and science * Parallel (geometry) * Parallel (latitude), an imaginary east west line circling a globe Proper name * Parallel (manga), a shōnen manga by Toshihiko Kobayashi * Parallel (video), a video album by R.E.M. *… … Wikipedia
Parallel — Par al*lel, n. 1. A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc. [1913 Webster] Who made the spider parallels design, Sure as De Moivre, without rule or line ? Pope. [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
parallel — [par′ə lel΄, par′ələl] adj. [Fr parallèle < L parallelus < Gr parallēlos < para , side by side (see PARA 1) + allēlos, one another < allos, other: see ELSE] 1. extending in the same direction and at the same distance apart at every… … English World dictionary
parallel — par‧al‧lel [ˈpærəlel] adjective [only before a noun] 1. ECONOMICS COMMERCE parallel goods, imports etc are sold avoiding the distribution channel S (= ways of making goods available to the public) approved by the makers: • Luxury brands … Financial and business terms
parallel# — parallel adj *like, alike, similar, analogous, comparable, akin, uniform, identical Analogous words: *same, identical, equal, equivalent: corresponding, correlative (see RECIPROCAL) parallel n 1 Comparison, contrast, antithesis, collation… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
parallel — ► ADJECTIVE 1) (of lines, planes, or surfaces) side by side and having the same distance continuously between them. 2) occurring or existing at the same time or in a similar way; corresponding: a parallel universe. 3) Computing involving the… … English terms dictionary
Parallel — Par al*lel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Paralleled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Paralleling}.] 1. To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with, something else. [1913 Webster] The needle . . . doth… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Parallel 9 — was a British children s television show that broadcast from 1992 to 1994. It aired on BBC1 on Saturday mornings, thereby occupying the time slot that was at other times held by programmes such as Going Live! .The premise of the show focused on… … Wikipedia
parallel — Adj std. (16. Jh.) Entlehnung. Entlehnt aus l. parallēlos, parallēlus, dieses aus gr. parállēlos nebeneinander , zu gr. allḗlōn einander und gr. para . Abstraktum: Parallele. Ebenso nndl. parallel, ne. parallel, nfrz. parallèl, nschw. parallel … Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen sprache
Parallel I/O — Parallel I/O, in the context of a computer, means the performance of multiple I/O operations at the same time. It is a common feature of operating systems.One particular instance is parallel writing of data to disk; when file data is sperad… … Wikipedia
