pan

dē-servĭo, īre, v. n., to serve zealously, be devoted to, subject to (rare, but class.):

valetudini tuae, dum mihi deservis, servisti non satis,

Cic. Fam. 16, 18:

cuivis,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109:

amicis,

id. Sull. 9:

grammatico soli deserviamus, deinde geometrae?

Quint. 1, 12, 6:

(Epicurei) sibi indulgentes et corpori deservientes,

Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 39:

studiis,

Plin. Ep. 7, 7, 3:

honoribus,

id. Pan. 77, 6:

Deo meo,

Vulg. Act. 24, 14.—

Of subjects not personal:

si officia, si operae, si vigiliae deserviunt amicis, praesto sunt omnibus,

Cic. Sull. 9: nec unius oculis flumina, fontes, maria deserviunt, Plin. Pan. 50, 1; cf.:

quoddam deserviens his (sc. oculis) ministerium,

Quint. 11, 3, 77.

dēstĭnātĭo, ōnis, f. [destino], a setting fast, establishing; a resolution, determination, purpose, design (perh. not ante-Aug.):

depascitur segetes destinatione ante determinata in diem,

Plin. 8, 25, 39, § 95:

porticum ex destinatione M. Agrippae a sorore ejus inchoatam peregit,

id. 3, 2, 3, § 17; cf. Tac. H. 1, 77:

nulli' placere partium destinatio,

Liv. 32, 35 fin.: consulum, i. e. the election (opp. renuntiatione), Plin. Pan. 77, 1; cf. Tac. H. 2, 79; Plin. Pan. 95, 2:

mortis,

Plin. 36, 14, 21, § 96:

exspirandi,

id. 7, 45, 46, § 149:

quietis,

Stat. S. 3 praef.:

aeternitatis,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 114 et saep.;

certus destinationis, ne, etc.,

resolute, Tac. A. 12, 32.—

Esp. obstinacy, Amm. 15, 10, 10 al.

dē-torquĕo, si, tum (detorsum, v. infra no. 1. A. 2.), 2, v. a. and n.

Act., to turn or bend aside, to turn off, turn away (class.).

In gen.

Lit.:

ponticulum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59:

cornua (antennarum),

Verg. A. 5, 832:

habenas,

id. ib. 11, 765:

lumen ab illā,

Ov. M. 6, 515 et saep.— Poet.:

vulnus,

Verg. A. 9, 746.—

With in or ad and acc., to turn in any direction, to direct towards:

(orbis partem) a latere in dextram partem,

Cic. Univ. 7 fin.; so,

caudam in dexterum, in laevum,

Plin. 8, 51, 77, § 207:

proram ad undas,

Verg. A. 5, 165:

cursus ad regem,

id. ib. 4, 196:

cervicem ad oscula,

Hor. Od. 2, 12, 25 et saep.—

Trop.:

voluptates animos a virtute,

Cic. Off. 2, 10, 37:

quae (sc. voluntas testium) nullo negotio flecti ac detorqueri potest,

id. Cael. 9 fin.; id. de Or. 1, 17.—Of etymolog. derivation: Marrucini vocantur, de Marso detorsum nomen, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 871 P.; so,

parce detorta,

Hor. A. P. 53.—With indication of the term. ad quem:

aliquem ad segnitiem luxumque,

Plin. Pan. 82, 6:

vividum animum in alia,

Tac. A. 13, 3; cf.:

te pravum alio (i. e. ad aliud vitium),

Hor. S. 2, 2, 55.—

In partic., to turn or twist out of shape, to distort.

Lit.:

partes corporis detortae,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 17:

Vatinius corpore detorto,

Tac. A. 15, 34.—

Trop., to distort, misrepresent:

calumniando omnia detorquendoque suspecta efficere,

Liv. 42, 42; cf.:

recte facta (with carpere),

Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 6:

sincera rectaque ingenia,

id. Pan. 70, 5; cf. Tac. Or. 28 fin.:

verbum aliquod in pejus,

Sen. Ep. 13 med.; cf.:

verba, voltus in crimen,

Tac. A. 1, 7:

sermonem in obscenum intellectum,

Quint. 8, 3, 44.—

Neutr., to turn or go in any direction:

in laevam,

Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 93.

dif-fundo, fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., to spread by pouring, to pour out, pour forth (very freq. and class.).

Lit.:

(glacies) liquefacta se diffunderet,

Cic. N. D. 2, 10:

sanguis per venas in omne corpus diffunditur,

id. ib. 2, 55, 138:

(unda) diffunditur Hellesponto,

Cat. 64, 359; cf.:

tum freta diffundi jussit,

to pour themselves forth, Ov. M. 1, 36:

vinum de doliis,

to draw off, bottle off; to fill, Col. 12, 28, 3; so of racking off wine, id. 3, 2, 26; Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 4 Krüg. ad loc.; Ov. F. 5, 517; Juv. 5, 30; Plin. 14, 14, 16, § 94 et saep.—

Transf., of objects not liquid, to spread, scatter, diffuse:

nitet diffuso lumine caelum,

Lucr. 1, 9; 3, 22; cf.:

luce diffusa toto caelo,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37 fin.; 2, 10, 26: ab ejus summo rami late diffunduntur, * Caes. B. G. 6, 26 fin.; cf. under P. a.:

dederatque comam diffundere ventis,

Verg. A. 1, 319; so,

comam,

Ov. F. 3, 538; cf.

capillos,

id. H. 10, 47:

signa (i. e. astra) caelo,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 10:

equitem latis campis,

Verg. A. 11, 465.—Mid.:

modo via coartatur, modo latissimis pratis diffunditur et patescit,

opens, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 3 et saep.:

cibus in totas usque ab radicibus imis, per truncos ac per ramos, diffunditur,

Lucr. 1, 354; cf.:

partem vocum per aures,

id. 4, 571:

vim mali Herculeos per artus,

Ov. M. 9, 162:

medicamentum se diffudit in venas,

Curt. 3, 6, 16:

aethera late in omnes partes,

Lucr. 5, 470:

flammam in omne latus,

Ov. M. 9, 239; 10, 24 et saep.

Trop., to spread, diffuse, scatter:

di vim suam longe lateque diffundunt,

Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79; cf. in the part. perf.:

error longe lateque diffusus,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 115; so,

late longeque,

id. Leg. 1, 12, 34:

laus alicujus late longeque diffusa,

id. Balb. 5, 13:

late et varie diffusus,

id. Sest. 45, 97:

flendo diffundimus iram,

we moderate, temper, Ov. H. 8, 61:

dolorem suum flendo,

to give vent to, id. M. 9, 143:

tantam oblivionem sensibus,

Hor. Epod. 14, 1 et saep.—Mid.:

Claudia nunc a quo diffunditur et tribus et gens Per Latium,

spreads itself out, branches out, Verg. A. 7, 703:

diffunditur mare iterumque contrahitur,

Mart. Cap. 6, § 606:

crede animam quoque diffundi multoque perire Ocius, et citius dissolvi in corpora,

Lucr. 3, 437:

affectus per totam actionem,

Quint. 7, 10, 12:

bella et paces longum in aevum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 8:

haec in ora virum,

Verg. A. 4, 195:

animam in arma cruore,

id. ib. 10, 908:

crimen paucarum in omnes,

Ov. A. A. 3, 9:

prope in immensum oratio mea,

Plin. Pan. 56, 2 et saep.:

inde doctrina se diffudit per ceteras Graeciae partes,

August. Serm. 150, 2.—

In partic. (like dissolvere, solvere, remittere, etc., and opp. contrahere, adducere, etc.), with the accessory idea of non-restraint, freedom, qs, to let the heart, countenance, etc., flow freely, without constraint, i. e. to cheer up, gladden, exhilarate: diffundet animos omnibus ista dies, Ov. A. A. 1, 218; so,

animos,

id. M. 4, 766:

vultum,

id. Pont. 4, 4, 9; id. M. 14, 272; Sen. Ep. 106.—

Of the persons themselves: ut ex bonis amici quas diffundantur et incommodis contrahantur. Cic. Lael. 13 fin.:

Jovem memorant, diffusum nectare, curas Seposuisse graves,

Ov. M. 3, 318, imitated by Stat. S. 4, 2, 54; cf.:

diffusus in risum,

Petr. 10, 3; id. 71, 1 al.— Hence, diffūsus, a, um, P. a., spread abroad, spread out, extended, wide (a favorite expression of the post-Aug. prosaists).

Lit.:

platanus patulis diffusa ramis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 28; cf.:

diffusiora consepta,

Col. 1, 4, 7; Plin. 16, 16, 28, § 70; Mart. 3, 31:

latior scena et corona diffusior,

Plin. Ep. 7, 17, 9:

sus (opp. angusta),

stout, fat, Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 25.—

Trop.:

jus civile, quod nunc diffusum et dissipatum est, in certa genera coacturum,

diffuse, prolix, Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 142; cf. Col. 11, 1, 10:

opus diffusum,

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 6;

and transf. to the writers: Diophanes totum Dionysium, per multa diffusum volumina, sex epitomis circumscripsit,

id. 1, 1, 10:

amplius ac diffusius meritum,

Plin. Pan. 53, 3.— Adv.: diffūsē, in a scattered manner; copiously:

res disperse et diffuse dictae unum in locum coguntur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 52, 98; cf.:

haec latius aliquando dicenda sunt et diffusius,

more amply, more in full, id. Tusc. 3, 10, 22.— Sup. of the adj. and adv. do not occur.

dif-fundo, fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., to spread by pouring, to pour out, pour forth (very freq. and class.).

Lit.:

(glacies) liquefacta se diffunderet,

Cic. N. D. 2, 10:

sanguis per venas in omne corpus diffunditur,

id. ib. 2, 55, 138:

(unda) diffunditur Hellesponto,

Cat. 64, 359; cf.:

tum freta diffundi jussit,

to pour themselves forth, Ov. M. 1, 36:

vinum de doliis,

to draw off, bottle off; to fill, Col. 12, 28, 3; so of racking off wine, id. 3, 2, 26; Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 4 Krüg. ad loc.; Ov. F. 5, 517; Juv. 5, 30; Plin. 14, 14, 16, § 94 et saep.—

Transf., of objects not liquid, to spread, scatter, diffuse:

nitet diffuso lumine caelum,

Lucr. 1, 9; 3, 22; cf.:

luce diffusa toto caelo,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37 fin.; 2, 10, 26: ab ejus summo rami late diffunduntur, * Caes. B. G. 6, 26 fin.; cf. under P. a.:

dederatque comam diffundere ventis,

Verg. A. 1, 319; so,

comam,

Ov. F. 3, 538; cf.

capillos,

id. H. 10, 47:

signa (i. e. astra) caelo,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 10:

equitem latis campis,

Verg. A. 11, 465.—Mid.:

modo via coartatur, modo latissimis pratis diffunditur et patescit,

opens, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 3 et saep.:

cibus in totas usque ab radicibus imis, per truncos ac per ramos, diffunditur,

Lucr. 1, 354; cf.:

partem vocum per aures,

id. 4, 571:

vim mali Herculeos per artus,

Ov. M. 9, 162:

medicamentum se diffudit in venas,

Curt. 3, 6, 16:

aethera late in omnes partes,

Lucr. 5, 470:

flammam in omne latus,

Ov. M. 9, 239; 10, 24 et saep.

Trop., to spread, diffuse, scatter:

di vim suam longe lateque diffundunt,

Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79; cf. in the part. perf.:

error longe lateque diffusus,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 115; so,

late longeque,

id. Leg. 1, 12, 34:

laus alicujus late longeque diffusa,

id. Balb. 5, 13:

late et varie diffusus,

id. Sest. 45, 97:

flendo diffundimus iram,

we moderate, temper, Ov. H. 8, 61:

dolorem suum flendo,

to give vent to, id. M. 9, 143:

tantam oblivionem sensibus,

Hor. Epod. 14, 1 et saep.—Mid.:

Claudia nunc a quo diffunditur et tribus et gens Per Latium,

spreads itself out, branches out, Verg. A. 7, 703:

diffunditur mare iterumque contrahitur,

Mart. Cap. 6, § 606:

crede animam quoque diffundi multoque perire Ocius, et citius dissolvi in corpora,

Lucr. 3, 437:

affectus per totam actionem,

Quint. 7, 10, 12:

bella et paces longum in aevum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 8:

haec in ora virum,

Verg. A. 4, 195:

animam in arma cruore,

id. ib. 10, 908:

crimen paucarum in omnes,

Ov. A. A. 3, 9:

prope in immensum oratio mea,

Plin. Pan. 56, 2 et saep.:

inde doctrina se diffudit per ceteras Graeciae partes,

August. Serm. 150, 2.—

In partic. (like dissolvere, solvere, remittere, etc., and opp. contrahere, adducere, etc.), with the accessory idea of non-restraint, freedom, qs, to let the heart, countenance, etc., flow freely, without constraint, i. e. to cheer up, gladden, exhilarate: diffundet animos omnibus ista dies, Ov. A. A. 1, 218; so,

animos,

id. M. 4, 766:

vultum,

id. Pont. 4, 4, 9; id. M. 14, 272; Sen. Ep. 106.—

Of the persons themselves: ut ex bonis amici quas diffundantur et incommodis contrahantur. Cic. Lael. 13 fin.:

Jovem memorant, diffusum nectare, curas Seposuisse graves,

Ov. M. 3, 318, imitated by Stat. S. 4, 2, 54; cf.:

diffusus in risum,

Petr. 10, 3; id. 71, 1 al.— Hence, diffūsus, a, um, P. a., spread abroad, spread out, extended, wide (a favorite expression of the post-Aug. prosaists).

Lit.:

platanus patulis diffusa ramis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 28; cf.:

diffusiora consepta,

Col. 1, 4, 7; Plin. 16, 16, 28, § 70; Mart. 3, 31:

latior scena et corona diffusior,

Plin. Ep. 7, 17, 9:

sus (opp. angusta),

stout, fat, Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 25.—

Trop.:

jus civile, quod nunc diffusum et dissipatum est, in certa genera coacturum,

diffuse, prolix, Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 142; cf. Col. 11, 1, 10:

opus diffusum,

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 6;

and transf. to the writers: Diophanes totum Dionysium, per multa diffusum volumina, sex epitomis circumscripsit,

id. 1, 1, 10:

amplius ac diffusius meritum,

Plin. Pan. 53, 3.— Adv.: diffūsē, in a scattered manner; copiously:

res disperse et diffuse dictae unum in locum coguntur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 52, 98; cf.:

haec latius aliquando dicenda sunt et diffusius,

more amply, more in full, id. Tusc. 3, 10, 22.— Sup. of the adj. and adv. do not occur.

dignĭtas, ātis ( gen. plur. dignitatum, Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 1; Plaut. Ep. 9, 5, 3; Vop. Florian. 6, 2:

-tatium,

Sen. Polyb. 17, 2), f. [dignus].

Lit., a being worthy, worth, worthiness, merit, desert (so, rarely, and perh. only in Cic.):

Lamia petit praeturam: omnesque intelligunt nec dignitatem ei deesse nec gratiam,

Cic. Fam. 11, 17; id. Agr. [p. 578] 2, 2, 3:

dignitas consularis,

a being worthy of the office of consul, id. Mur. 13:

pro dignitate laudare,

id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33.

Meton. (the cause for the effect), dignity, greatness, grandeur, authority, rank (cf. honos, honestas, laus, existimatio, gloria, fama, nomen).

In gen.: mihi gratulabere, quod audisses me pristinam meam dignitatem obtinere. Ego autem, si dignitas est bene de re publica sentire, obtineo dignitatem meam;

sin autem in eo dignitas est, si, quod sentias, re efficere possis, ne vestigium quidem ullum est reliquum nobis dignitatis,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 1;

dignitas (est) alicujus honesta et cultu et honore et verecundia digna auctoritas,

id. Inv. 2, 55, 156: cum pulchritudinis duo genera sint, quorum in altero venustas est, in altero dignitas;

venustatem muliebrem ducere debemus, dignitatem virilem,

id. Off. 1, 36, 130:

formae,

id. ib.; Suet. Claud. 30: corporis, Laber. ap. Macr. S. 2, 7; Nep. Dion. 1, 2; cf. also Cic. Inv. 2, 1; Vell. 2, 29; Plin. Pan. 4, 5:

agere cum dignitate ac venustate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142:

personarum dignitas,

id. ib. §

141: retinere in rebus asperis dignitatem,

id. ib. 2, 85, 346:

in senatu conservanda auctoritas, apud populum dignitas,

Quint. 11, 3, 153 et saep.:

celsissima sedes dignitatis atque honoris,

Cic. Sull. 2, 5:

ex tam alto dignitatis gradu,

id. Lael. 3 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 27 (twice):

est in ipsis (liberis populis) magnus delectus hominum et dignitatum,

id. ib. 1, 34:

aliquem ex humili loco ad summam dignitatem perducere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 39, 1:

aliquem dignitate exaequare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 4, 4:

ut secundum locum dignitatis Remi obtinerent,

id. B. G. 6, 12 fin.; 4, 17, 1; cf. id. ib. 6, 8, 1; 7, 66, 5; 7, 77, 6; id. B. C. 1, 9, 2 et saep.—

In partic.

Official dignity, honorable employment, office:

gratulor laetorque tum praesenti tum etiam sperata tua dignitate,

Cic. Fam. 2, 9; id. ap. Quint. 7, 3, 35; cf. in plur., Plin. 21, 7, 21, § 44; id. Pan. 61, 2 al.—

Men holding high office, men in honorable employment:

cum dignitates abessent,

Liv. 22, 40, 4; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 67.—

Transf., of inanimate things, worth, value, excellence:

opsonii,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 23:

praeclara et plena dignitatis domus,

Cic. Off. 1, 39; cf.

porticus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 1; id. de Or. 3, 46, 180:

portus, urbis,

Nep. Them. 6:

loci,

Suet. Calig. 41 al.:

dignitas, quae est in latitudine pectoris,

Quint. 11, 3, 141:

verborum,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; Quint. 11, 3, 46; cf. id. 8, 3, 24:

debita rerum,

id. 12, 1, 8; cf. id. 8, 3, 38:

subsequendi,

id. 12, 11, 28:

cum dignitate actionis,

id. 5, 10, 54 al.

dūrĭtĭa, ae (also rarely dūrĭtĭes, Cels. 3, 24; 6, 18, 6 al.; acc.: duritiem, * Lucr. 4. 268; Cat. 66, 50; Ov. M. 1, 401; 4, 751; id. H. 4, 85 Jahn. N. cr.; abl.:

duritie,

Plin. Pan. 82, 6; Suet. Ner. 34), f. [durus], hardness.

Lit.

In gen.:

saxi,

Lucr. 4, 269; cf. Ov. M. 1, 401;

and 4, 751: ferri,

Cat. 66, 50:

adamantina,

Plin. 37, 11, 73, § 189:

lactis coacti,

id. 23, 7, 64, § 126:

pellis,

Ov. M. 3, 64 sq. et saep.—

Esp., in medic. lang., induration:

praecordiorum,

Cels. 3, 24:

alvi,

Suet. Ner. 34:

vulvarum,

Plin. 28, 19, 77, § 250 al. —In the plur., Plin. 23, 4, 40, § 82 sq.; 28, 15, 60, § 212; 25, 5, 22, § 55; 28, 17, 70, § 234 al.—

Of wine, hardness, harsh flavor, opp. suavitas, Plin. 14, 7, 9, § 74.—

Trop.

(Acc. to durus, II. A.) A severe mode of life, rigor, austerity: in parsimonia atque in duritia atque industria omnem adolescentiam meam abstinui, agro colendo, etc., Cato ap. Fest. S. V. REPASTINARI, p. 281, 23 Müll.; Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 75; id. Truc. 2, 2, 56; * Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3; Cic. Tusc. 5, 26, 74; id. Part. 23, 81; Sall. J. 100, 5; Tac. A. 6, 34; Plin. Pan. 82, 6 al.; cf.

transf.: qui patientiam et duritiam in Socratico sermone maxime adamārat,

Cic. de Or. 3, 17. —

Absence of feeling, insensibility:

eam animi duritiam, sicut corporis, quod cum uritur non sentit, etc.,

Cic. Dom. 36, 97; cf. id. ib. 38, 101:

duritiā ferrum ut superes adamantaque,

Ov. H. 2, 137;

so in eccl. Lat. freq. cordis,

Vulg. Matt. 19, 8; and duritia alone:

populi,

id. Deut. 9, 27.—

(Acc. to durus, II.) Harshness, strictness, rigor: tua duritia antiqua, * Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 26; Prop. 3, 12, 20 (4, 11, 20 M.).— Poet.:

duritiae mihi non agerere reus,

Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 46; cf.:

oris, qui depudere didicerat,

Sen. Const. Sap. 17.—

(Acc. to durus, II. B.) Hardness, oppressiveness, severity:

duritia lenitasve multarum (legum),

Suet. Claud. 14; so,

imperii,

Tac. H. 1, 23:

operum,

id. A. 1, 35; cf.:

caeli militiaeque,

id. ib. 13, 35.

ergā, praep. [syncop. for e-regā, from ex and root rag-, to reach upward, be upright; cf. ergo, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 448 sqq.], over against, opposite to (cf.: adversus, versus, contra, e regione, e contrario).

Lit., of locality (ante- and post-classical and rare):

quae med erga aedes habet,

i. e. opposite me, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 55 (al. modo erga):

erga regiam,

App. Dogm. Plat. p. 9, 21.—

Trop.: aliquem, more rarely aliquid, of feelings and conduct towards a person.

Of friendly feelings, etc. (so mostly in class. lang.):

erga et in hoc differunt: fere enim erga ad affectum refertur, quasi erga illum benignus: in ad simultatem, quasi in illum sum saevus,

Charis. p. 208 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 989: ut eodem modo erga amicum affecti simus, [p. 655] quo erga nosmet ipsos... ut nostra in amicos benevolentia illorum erga nos benevolentiae pariter respondeat, Cic. Lael. 16; cf. id. Fin. 1, 20, 68; Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 47; id. Trin. 3, 1, 18:

erga aliquem benevolus,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 100; cf. id. Mil. 4, 6, 15; id. Rud. 5, 3, 33; Cic. de Or. 2, 43, 182; 2, 49, 201; Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 49; id. Cist. 1, 1, 111; cf. Cic. Fam. 1, 9:

divina bonitas erga homines,

id. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

perpetua erga populum Romanum fides,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44, 4; cf. id. B. C. 1, 84, 3; 2, 17, 2 et saep.:

te oro per mei te erga bonitatem patris,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 48; so,

te erga,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:

med erga,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 56:

se erga,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 15:

amicum erga,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 4; cf.

the following.—Relating to things: cum in universam rem publicam, tum etiam erga meam salutem fide ac benevolentia singulari,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 1, 1; cf. id. Att. 8, 3, 2; Plin. Pan. 50, 4; Tac. A. 4, 20 al.—

Of unfriendly feelings, for the usual contra or adversus, against:

ne malus item erga me sit, ut illum erga fuit,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 4; id. Aul. 4, 10, 62; id. Cas. 3, 4, 27; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 36; Nep. Alcib. 4, 4:

odium, quod erga regem susceperant,

id. Dat. 10 fin.; id. Ham. 4 fin.; id. Hann. 1 fin.; Tac. H. 2, 99; 4, 49; id. A. 2, 2; cf.

transp.: med erga,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 5; id. Capt. 2, 3, 56; id. Ep. 3, 3, 9.—Relating to things:

res secundae valent commutare naturam, et raro quisquam erga bona sua satis cautus est,

against his own advantage, Curt. 10, 1, 40.—

In post-Aug. authors (esp. in Tacitus) in gen. of every kind of mental relation to a person or thing, to, towards, in respect to:

anxii erga Sejanum, cujus durior congressus,

Tac. A. 4, 74:

erga Germanicos exercitus laudes gratesque,

id. H. 2, 55 fin.; id. A. 11, 25 fin.:

prisco erga duces honore,

id. ib. 3, 74 fin.; cf. Plin. Pan. 55, 3:

suprema erga memoriam filii sui munera,

Tac. A. 3, 2; id. H. 1, 20:

atrociore semper fama erga dominantium exitus,

id. A. 4, 11; Amm. 16, 10; v. Hand Turs. II. pp. 437-440.

ĕt, conj. [Sanscr. ati, beyond; Gr. eti, besides, yet; Lat. et-iam, at-avus], serves to connect, in the most general manner, single words or entire sentences, and.

In gen.: qui illius impudentiam norat et duritudinem, Cato ap. Gell. 17, 2, 20: te sale nata precor, Venus et genetrix patris nostri, Enn. ap. Non. 378, 16 (Ann. v. 53 ed. Vahlen): blande et docte percontat, Naev. ap. Non. 474, 7:

ut, quoad possem et liceret, a senis latere numquam discederem,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

de quo praeclare et multa praecipiuntur,

id. Or. 21, 70:

qui filium consularem clarum virum et magnis rebus gestis amisit,

id. Fam. 4, 6; cf.:

major (frater) et qui prius imperitarat,

Liv. 21, 31:

haec pueris et mulierculis et servis et servorum simillimis liberis esse grata,

Cic. Off. 2, 16, 57 et saep.:

salicta locis aquosis, humectis, umbrosis, propter amnes ibi seri oportet. Et id videto, uti, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 9:

optime vero, frater: et fleri sic decet,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3 fin.:

qua de re est igitur inter summos viros major dissensio? Et omitto illa, quae relicta jam videntur,

id. Ac. 2, 42 et saep.

In partic.

To subjoin a word or phrase which more accurately defines or more briefly comprehends what goes before, and indeed, and moreover, and that too:

te enim jam appello, et ea voce, ut me exaudire possis,

Cic. Mil. 25, 67:

at laudat, et saepe, virtutem,

id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48; cf.:

id, et facile, effici posse,

Nep. Milt. 3, 4:

errabas, Verres, et vehementer errabas,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 46, § 121;

so with a repetition of the same word: hostis et hostis,

id. ib. 2, 2, 21, §

51: tenetur, judices, et manifeste tenetur,

id. ib. 2, 3, 65, § 152; id. Cat. 3, 10; id. Deiot. 3; id. Mil. 23, 61 al.; Liv. 26, 13; Sen. de Clem. 15 et saep.:

haec nostra ut exigua et minima contemnimus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 127; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 32:

nulla enim nobis societas cum tyrannis, et potius summa distractio est,

id. Off. 3, 6, 32; cf.: cur eo non estis contenti? et cur id potius contenditis, quod? [p. 661] etc., id. Ac. 2, 17, 74:

si te ipse et tuas cogitationes et studia perspexeris,

id. Fin. 2, 21, 69:

omitto illa, quae relicta jam videntur, et Herillum, qui in cognitione et scientia summum bonum ponit,

id. Ac. 2, 42:

Romani, quibus Poeni et Hannibal in cervicibus erat,

Just. 29, 3, 7:

studiose ab his siderum magnitudines, intervalla, cursus anquirebantur et cuncta caelestia,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 4, 10:

valde a Xenocrate et Aristotele et ab illa Platonis familia discreparet,

id. Leg. 1, 21, 55 et saep.:

et appetendi et refugiendi et omnino rerum gerendarum initia proficiscuntur aut a voluptate aut a dolore,

Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 42. —

To connect things similar or dissimilar after the words aeque, par, idem, similis, alius, etc. (more commonly atque, v. atque, I. 2.), as, than, and:

nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67, v. aeque:

omnia fuisse in Themistocle paria et in Coriolano,

Cic. Brut. 11, 43; cf.:

nunc tu mihi es germanus pariter corpore et animo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 34:

Clodius eadem hora Interamnae fuerat et Romae,

Cic. Mil. 17 fin.; cf. Sall. C. 58, 11:

haec eodem tempore Caesari referebantur, et legati veniebant, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 37, 1:

similem sibi videri vitam hominum et mercatum eum, qui, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 9; cf.:

neu simili forma et quom, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 416 and 420:

nec ratione alia, et cum,

id. 1, 280:

non enim alia causa est aequitatis in uno servo et in pluribus,

than, Cic. Caecin. 20, 57; id. Off. 2, 18; id. de Or. 3, 18, 66; id. Cael. 28 fin.; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 3:

aliter doctos (loqui) et indoctos?

Cic. Fin. 5, 29 fin. —

To connect two immediately successive points of time (only in poets and historians, esp. since the Aug. per.; cf. atque, II. C.), often to be rendered in English by when, and then: advenit, et navibu' complevit litora, Poeta ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31 fin.:

dixit, et extemplo... sensit medios delapsus in hostes,

Verg. A. 2, 376:

dixit (dixerat), et,

id. ib. 1, 402; 2, 705; 3, 258; Val. Fl. 1, 569; Stat. Th. 2, 120 al.; cf.:

nec plura effatus et,

Verg. A. 8, 443:

sic fatus et,

Stat. Th. 12, 773:

nec longum tempus et ingens exiit arbos,

Verg. G. 2, 80; cf. Stat. Th. 7, 300; Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8; Tac. H. 2, 95:

vix prima inceperat aestas, Et pater Anchises dare fatis vela jubebat,

Verg. A. 3, 9; so,

vix... et,

id. ib. 5, 858; 6, 498; Stat. Th. 2, 293; cf.:

vixdum... et,

Liv. 43, 4, 10; cf.

also: simul haec effatur, et, etc.,

Luc. 6, 246.—

After an imperative, to subjoin the consequence of an action ( poet. and in postAug. prose), and then:

dic quibus in terris, et eris mihi magnus Apollo,

Verg. E. 3, 104; Ov. Am. 2, 14, 44; Phaedr. 3, 5, 7; Luc. 4, 487; 2, 515; Sen. de Clem. 1, 16; Plin. Pan. 43, 3; 45, 6: sit mihi, quod nunc est, etiam minus;

et mihi vivam Quod superest aevi,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 107.—

To subjoin the minor proposition (assumptio or propositio minor) in a syllogism, now, but (cf. atque, II.):

eorum, qui videntur, alia vera sunt, alia falsa: et quod falsum, id percipi non potest: nullum igitur est, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 13, 40; id. Tusc. 3, 4, 9; 5, 17; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33 al.—

With an accessory affirmative notion, and in fact, and indeed, and truly, and so:

multa me sollicitant... et sexcenta sunt, Cic. Att! 2, 19: et sunt illa sapientis,

id. Tusc. 3, 8 fin.; id. Leg. 2, 3, 7:

et erat, ut retuli, clementior,

Tac. A. 2, 57: jam pridem a me illos abducere Thestylis orat;

Et faciet, quoniam sordent tibi munera nostra,

Verg. E. 2, 44 et saep.:

estne ille noster Parmeno? et certe ipsus est,

Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 4;

with certe,

id. Ad. 1, 1, 53;

with hercle,

Cic. Brut. 72; id. Fin. 2, 8; id. Fam. 2, 18, 2.—

To subjoin an emphatic question or exclamation:

et sunt qui de via Appia querantur, taceant de curia?

Cic. Mil. 33, 91; id. Sest. 39, 80; id. Clu. 40, 111; id. Phil. 1, 8 et saep.; Verg. G. 2, 433; id. A. 1, 48; Ov. M. 13, 338 al.:

et his tot criminibus testimoniisque convictus in eorum tabella spem sibi aliquam proponit, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16 fin.; id. Mil. 12 fin.; Plin. Pan. 28, 6; Flor. 4, 2, 89.—Esp. with quisquam:

et quisquam dubitabit quin, etc.,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 42 Matthiae; Ov. Am. 3, 8, 1 al.—

To connect an idea as either homogeneous or complementary to that which precedes, and so too, and also, and moreover, and at the same time; too, also, likewise (hence, often in Liv., Curt., and late Lat., rarely in Cic., = etiam; cf. Anton. Stud. pp. 26-69;

Krebs, Antibarb. p. 420): Terentia te maxime diligit salutemque tibi plurimam ascribit, et Tulliola, deliciae nostrae,

Cic. Att. 1, 5 fin.: Ge. Salvus sis. Di. Et tu salve, Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 44; id. Trin. 1, 2, 11; id. Mil. 4, 8, 42; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 122;

for which: salve et tu,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 42; v. the foll.:

haec ipsa mihi sunt voluptati: et erant illa Torquatis,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:

ubi tunc eras? Romae. Verum quid ad rem? et alii multi,

id. Rosc. Am. 33, 92; cf.

ib. § 94: et illud videndum quanto magis homines mala fugiant,

id. Part. 26:

et mihi sunt vires, et mihi facta tuba'st!

Tib. 2, 6, 10; cf. Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 83:

nihil verius. Probe et ille,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 34, 73; so,

et ille,

id. ib. 3, 13 fin.:

et ipse,

id. Caecin. 20 fin.; so id. de Or. 1, 46, 202; Liv. 1, 12; 6, 3; 41, 24 et saep.; cf.:

simul et ille,

Cic. Clu. 4, 10; 17, 48; 57, 155; id. Verr. 2, 5, 1:

simul et iste,

id. ib. 2, 1, 41; Sall. J. 20, 1 et saep.:

et nunc ego amore pereo,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 14; so,

et nunc,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40; id. Fam. 13, 54, 2; Caes. B. G. 6, 13 fin.;

for which: nunc et,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 11; cf.:

nonnumquam et,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15, 3:

sunt et,

Cic. Top. 6; Verg. A. 9, 136:

meruit et,

Suet. Caes. 3 et saep.:

quoniam formam cepi hujus in me et statum, Decet et facta moresque hujus habere me similes item,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 111:

nam et qui parat pecus, necesse est constituat numerum, etc.,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 24: so,

nam et,

Cic. Leg. 1, 11; 2, 25, 63; id. de Or. 1, 25; id. Off. 1, 40, 142; Liv. 6, 19 al.; cf.:

at et,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 3:

sed et,

id. Att. 5, 10 fin.; Quint. 10, 1, 107;

and with a preceding non modo or non solum (post-Aug.),

Tac. G. 15, 35; id. A. 14, 39; Suet. Aug. 89 et saep.; cf.:

et... non = ne... quidem, ego vero et in ipsa suffocatione non desii, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 54, 3:

ergo et,

Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 27; id. Leg. 1, 12, 33; id. Div. 1, 50, 114:

itaque et,

id. Tusc. 3, 26, 63 et saep.—

When repeated, et... et, it serves, like the Gr. kai... kai or te kai, to connect two ideas partitively, both... and, as well... as, not only... but also:

hoc etiam ad malum accersebatur malum, Et discipulus et magister perhibebantur improbi,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 23; 4, 8, 45:

et audax et malus,

id. ib. 4, 9, 25:

eloquere utrumque nobis, et quid tibi est, et quid velis nostram operam,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 59:

ut et severitas adhibeatur et contumelia repellatur,

Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137:

dimitto (puerum), et ut a magistris ne abducam et quod mater discedit,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 9 fin.:

non et legatum argentum est et non est legata numerata pecunia,

id. Top. 13 et saep. More than twice:

quo facilius et hujus hominis innocentissimi miserias et illorum audaciam cognoscere possitis et rei publicae calamitatem,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 5 fin.;

so three times,

id. Att. 12, 4, 2; id. Q. Fr. 3, 9 fin. et saep.;

six times,

Cic. Fam. 13, 25;

ten times,

id. de Or. 1, 20, 90.—With a subordinate que or atque:

nam et semper me coluit diligentissimeque observavit et a studiis nostris non abhorret,

Cic. Fam. 13, 22;

with atque,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 95.—Et... que are sometimes used for et... et (rarely in Cic.;

freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): quis est quin intellegat et eos inmemores fuisse, nosque honestate duci?

Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; id. Brut. 88, 302:

id et singulis universisque semper honori fuisse,

Liv. 4, 2; 5, 46 fin.; 24, 2 fin.; 32, 32 fin.; Tac. Agr. 2 fin.; Suet. Ner. 33 al.—Sometimes the second et subjoins a more weighty assertion; in which case et... et = cum... tum, not only... but also:

homo et in aliis causis exercitatus et in hac multum et saepe versatus,

Cic. Quint. 1, 3; id. Fat. 1, 2; id. de Or. 1, 9, 38; id. Off. 2, 11, 38.—

Et... neque or neque... et, when one clause is a negative (but et... et non, et non... et, when only one word is negatived):

ego vero et exspectabo ea quae polliceris neque exigam, nisi tuo commodo,

Cic. Brut. 4 fin.:

ego si et Silius is fuerit, quem tu putas nec Drusus facilem se praebuerit, Damasippum velim aggrediare,

id. Att. 12, 33:

cui quidem ita sunt Stoici assensi, ut et, quicquid honestum esset, id utile esse censerent, nec utile quicquam, quod non honestum,

id. Off. 3, 3, 11: pueris nobis Cn. Aufidius praetorius et in senatu sententiam dicebat nec amicis deliberantibus deerat et Graecam scribebat historiam et videbat in litteris, id. Tusc. 5, 38 fin.:

quia et consul aberat... nec, etc.,

Liv. 22, 8 et saep.:

nec miror et gaudeo,

Cic. Fam. 10, 1 fin.:

nam nec in eo jus cognationis servavit, cui ademit regnum, et eum, cui dedit, etc.,

Just. 8, 6 fin.:

id et nobis erit perjucundum et tibi non sane devium,

Cic. Att. 2, 4 fin.:

locus is melior, quem et non coquit sol et tangit ros,

Varr. R. R. 3, 14.—

Rarely neque... et = non quidem... sed: amicitias neque facile admisit et constantissime retinuit,

Suet. Aug. 66.—

Less freq., tum... et, et... tum, in the same sense:

omnis ejus oratio tum in virtute laudanda et in hominibus ad virtutis studium cohortandis consumebatur,

Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 16:

et in ceteris eloquentiae partibus, tum maxime in celeritate et continuatione verborum adhaerescens, etc.,

id. Brut. 93, 320. See Hand Turs. II. pp. 467-540.

ex-ĕo, ĭi (rarely īvi, Gell. 12, 12, 3; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 50; perf. exit, for exiit, id. Ps. 2, 4, 40; Verg. A. 2, 497), ĭtum, īre ( fut. [p. 683] exibo, but exies, exiet, Sen. Ep. 113, 20; id. Apocol. 3, 1 al.;

exiet for exibit,

Tert. adv. Jud. 13; Vulg. Matt. 2, 6; 5, 26 al.; perh. also in Hor. C. 4, 4, 65; acc. to some MSS. al. evenit; v. Orell. ad h. l.), v. n. and a.

Neutr., to go out or forth, to go away, depart.

Lit.

In gen.:

dum intro eo atque exeo,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 43:

jam ad te exeo,

id. Bacch. 4, 6, 24; 4, 9, 129:

foras,

id. Cas. 5, 2, 51; cf. id. Rud. 2, 2, 2:

ex urbe,

id. Am. 1, 3, 35:

ex urbe, oppido,

Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 1:

e patria,

Cic. Pis. 14, 33:

e finibus suis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5, 1:

clam ex castris,

id. ib. 7, 20, 10:

ab aliquo,

from one's house, Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 7 (v. ab, I. a.):

ab urbe,

away from, Liv. 10, 37, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.; 21, 13, 7; 23, 18, 14;

al. a villa sua,

Quint. 6, 3, 49:

de triclinio, de cubiculo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 263:

de balneis,

id. de Or. 2, 55, 223:

de navi,

id. Att. 2, 7, 4:

(cornix) a cauda de ovo,

tail first, Plin. 10, 16, 18, § 38:

portā,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 39:

domo,

Cic. Rep. 1, 12; cf.:

erant omnino itinera duo, quibus itineribus domo exire possent,

i. e. withdraw from, leave their country, Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 1; so,

domo,

id. ib. 1, 12, 5;

1, 29, 1: castris,

id. B. C. 1, 69, 3:

in solitudinem,

to withdraw, Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:

in alias domos tamquam in colonias,

id. ib. 1, 17, 54:

in provinciam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33, 4:

in terram,

i. e. to land, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 433:

in luminis oras,

i. e. to be born, Lucr. 1, 170:

ad aliquem,

i. e. to go from home to visit a person, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 6 et saep.—Prov.:

exeat aulā, qui vult esse pius,

Luc. 8, 493.— Poet., with inf.:

exierant dare veris opes,

Stat. Ach. 1, 288.—Of inanim. or abstr. subjects:

cum de consularibus mea prima sors exisset,

Cic. Att. 1, 19, 3; so,

sors,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 27; cf.:

cujus nomen exisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 127:

nummi, qui per simulationem ab isto exierant,

id. ib. 2, 2, 25, §

61: per septem portus in maris exit aquas (Nilus),

flows out, empties, Ov. Am. 2, 13, 10:

septem aquis (Ister),

Val. Fl. 8, 187:

populo albae folia vetustiora in angulos exeunt,

terminate, Plin. 16, 23, 35, § 86:

color in florem heliotropii,

id. 37, 6, 22, § 83; cf.:

masculina nomina in A atque S litteras,

to end, terminate, Quint. 1, 5, 61.— Pass. impers.:

uti inde exiri possit,

Cato, R. R. 1, 2:

crepuit ostium: exitur foras,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 15:

in Velabro, qua in Novam viam exitur,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 24 Müll.—

In partic.

In milit. lang., to move out, march out:

milites, qui de tertia vigilia exissent,

Caes. B. C. 1, 64 fin.:

ut paludati (praetores) exeant,

depart for the battle-field, id. ib. 1, 6, 6:

ad pugnam,

Liv. 44, 39, 2; Verg. G. 4, 67:

ex Italia ad bellum civile,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 3 et saep.— Pass. impers.:

non posse clam exiri,

Caes. B. C. 1, 67, 2:

postquam exitum est maximā copiā,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 64.—

In jurid. Lat.: potestate, de or a potestate alicujus, to get out of any one's power (potestas), to be emancipated, become free, Dig. 37, 4, 1, § 6; 62; 28, 6, 3 et saep. (cf. B. 1. infra).—

De vita, to depart from life, decease, die (for the usual excedere or decedere de vita):

quem (me) fuerat aequius ut prius introieram, sic prius exire de vita,

Cic. Cael. 4, 15; so,

de vita,

Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 5; cf.:

e vita tamquam e theatro,

Cic. Fin. 1, 15, 49:

vitā exire,

Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 1.—

To go out or forth in any manner, to issue, escape (very rare):

cujus (Isocratis) e ludo tamquam ex equo Trojano meri principes exierunt,

Cic. de Or. 2, 22, 94:

hanc tamen Antonius fugam suam, quia vivus exierat, victoriam vocabat,

Vell. 2, 82, 3.—Of inanimate subjects:

currente rota cur urceus exit?

Hor. A. P. 22: libri quidem ita exierunt, ut, etc., turned out (the figure being borrowed from works of art which are cast and turned out of the mould), Cic. Att. 13, 13, 1.—

Of plants, to come up, spring forth, sprout out:

plerumque e terra exit hordeum diebus VII.,

Varr. R. R. 1, 45, 1:

ne semina in frugem exeant e terra,

Plin. 11, 30, 36, § 109:

folia a radice,

id. 25, 4, 9, § 28:

lupinus agro limoso,

Col. 2, 10, 3:

fabae in folia,

Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 57; and absol.:

ut vix ulla herba exeat,

Col. 2, 11, 3; so,

lens sata (with grandescere),

Pall. Febr. 4;

and, messis,

Val. Fl. 7, 549.—

To mount upwards, ascend, rise ( poet. and postAug. prose):

in auras (ignis),

Lucr. 6, 886:

ad caelum (arbor),

Verg. G. 2, 81:

in altitudinem (comae palmarum),

Plin. 13, 4, 8, § 37.—

Trop.

In gen.:

exisse ex potestate dicimus eos, qui effrenati feruntur aut libidine aut iracundia, etc.... Qui igitur exisse ex potestate dicuntur, idcirco dicuntur, quia non sunt in potestate mentis,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11; cf.:

itaque iratos proprie dicimus exisse de potestate, id est de consilio, de ratione, de mente,

id. ib. 4, 36, 77;

for which: a se,

Petr. 90: ex hac aerumna, Lucil. ap. Non. 296, 16; cf.:

exire aere alieno,

Cic. Phil. 11, 6, 13 (dub. al. se exserere):

quam nihil non consideratum exibat ex ore!

id. Brut. 76, 265; id. de Or. 2, 22 fin.:

nequaquam similiter oratio mea exire atque in vulgus emanare poterit,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 3; Plin. Pan. 75, 3:

ea res prodita est et in vulgus exivit,

Gell. 12, 12, 3; cf. with object-clause:

exiit opinio, descensurum eum ad Olympia inter athletas,

Suet. Ner. 53; for which also with a subject-clause:

quod ante paucos dies exierat in vulgus, laudanti cuidam formam suam, respondisse eum, etc.,

id. Galb. 20:

ob hoc exivit proverbium, etc.,

became current, Vulg. Gen. 10, 9.—

In partic.

Of time, to run out, end, expire:

quinto anno exeunte,

Cic. Div. 1, 25, 53:

indutiarum dies exierat,

Liv. 4, 30, 14; 30, 25, 1; 42, 47, 10:

dies censurae, stipendii,

id. 9, 34, 22; 22, 33, 5:

nullus mihi per otium dies exit,

Sen. Ep. 8; Plin. Pan. 68, 2 et saep.—

To extend beyond a certain measure or limit (mostly post-Aug.):

extra aliquid,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 25:

vestra vita, licet supra mille annos exeat,

run out, extend, Sen. Brev. Vit. 6:

probationes in tertium diem exierunt,

Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 18:

digressus in laudes Castoris ac Pollucis exierat,

Quint. 11, 2, 11; cf.:

continuus (translationis usus) in allegorias et aenigmata exit,

id. 8, 6, 14:

in longum exierit ordo rerum,

id. 4, 2, 51.—

To pass away, perish:

opus laudabile, numquam a memoria hominum exiturum,

Sen. Ben. 3, 38; so with a subjectclause:

an jam memoriā exisse, neminem ex plebe tribunum militum creatum esse?

Liv. 6, 37, 5.—

Act. ( poet. and in postAug. prose), to go or pass beyond a thing.

Lit.

In gen.:

limen,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 18:

Avernas valles,

Ov. M. 10, 52:

flumen,

Val. Fl. 4, 698:

quantum diurni itineris miliariorum numero in reda possit exiri,

Vitr. 10, 9, 3:

donec minor filius lubricum juventae exiret,

Tac. A. 6, 49 (55) fin. —

Pregn., to avoid, evade, ward off:

corpore tela atque oculis vigilantibus exit,

avoids the blows, Verg. A. 5, 438; cf.:

feros exibant dentis adactus (jumenta),

Lucr. 5, 1330; Stat. Th. 6, 802:

procul absiliebat, ut acrem exiret odorem,

Lucr. 6, 1217:

profluvium sanguinis,

id. 6, 1206:

vim viribus,

Verg. A. 11, 750 et saep.—

Trop.

To exceed:

modum,

Ov. M. 9, 632.—

Of time: ad exitam aetatem = ad ultimam aetatem, Paul. ex Fest. p. 28, 5 Müll.

fĭdes, ĕi ( gen. sing. scanned fĭdēï, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1; Lucr. 5, 102.— Ante-class. and poet. form of the gen. fide, like die, facie, etc., Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 1; id. Poen. 4, 2, 68; Ov. M. 3, 341; 6, 506; 7, 728; 737; Hor. C. 3, 7, 4; cf. Prisc. p. 781 P.; Charis. p. 53 ib.; Ritschl, Proleg. p. 90.— Dat. fide, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 80; 91; 105; Enn. ap. Non. 112, 1, or Ann. v. 111 ed. Vahl.; Hor. S. 1, 3, 95), f. [fido], trust in a person or thing, faith, confidence, reliance, credence, belief (syn.: fidelitas, fiducia, confidentia).

Lit.

In gen.:

si sciat noster senex, fidem non esse huic habitam,

that he has not been trusted, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 52; cf.:

fides ut habeatur, duabus rebus effici potest... iis fidem habemus, quos plus intelligere quam nos arbitramur... bonis viris ita fides habetur, ut nulla sit in iis fraudis injuriaeque suspicio... prudentia sine justitia nihil valeat ad faciendam fidem, etc.,

to give confidence, produce confidence, Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; see in the foll.: neque pauci, neque leves sunt, qui se duo soles vidisse dicant;

ut non tam fides non habenda, quam ratio quaerenda sit,

to give credence, id. Rep. 1, 10; cf.:

quod si insanorum visis fides non est habenda, quia falsa sunt, cur credatur somniantium visis, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 59, 122:

si ita posset defendere, tamen fides huic defensioni non haberetur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 148:

me miseram! forsitan hic mihi parvam habeat fidem,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 117; cf.:

cum jam minor fabulis haberetur fides,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

(fidem) majorem tibi habui quam paene ipsi mihi,

id. Fam. 5, 20, 2; cf. id. ib. 7, 18, 1:

ex aliis ei maximam fidem habebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 4:

cui maximam fidem suarum rerum habeat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131; cf.:

cui summam omnium rerum fidem habebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19, 3:

fidem commenticiis rebus adjungere,

Cic. Div. 2, 55, 113:

testimonio fidem tribuere,

id. Sull. 3, 10; cf.:

Cratippus iisdem rebus fidem tribuit,

id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

et auctoritatem orationi affert et fidem,

id. Or. 34, 120:

si tota oratio nostra omnem sibi fidem sensibus confirmat,

id. Fin. 1, 21, 71:

constituere fidem,

id. Part. Or. 9, 31: fidem facit oratio, awakens or produces belief, id. Brut. 50, 187; cf.:

quoniam auribus vestris... minorem fidem faceret oratio mea,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 4:

aliquamdiu fides fieri non poterat,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37, 1;

so with dare (rare): res ipsa fidem sermoni meo dabit,

App. M. 4, p. 146, 25:

Hercules cui ea res immortalitatis fidem dedit,

assured of, Just. 24, 4, 4; Plin. Pan. 74, 3.—With object-clauses:

fac fidem, te nihil nisi populi utilitatem et fructum quaerere,

evince, show, Cic. Agr. 2, 8, 22: tibi fidem faciemus, nos ea suadere, quae, etc., will convince, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, A. fin.:

mihi fides apud hunc est, nihil me istius facturum,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 10; cf.:

cum vix fides esset, rem ullo modo successuram,

Suet. Vesp. 7:

male fidem servando illis quoque abrogant fidem,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 41:

quorum rebus gestis, fidem et auctoritatem in testimonio inimicitiarum suspicio derogavit,

Cic. Font. 7, 13; cf.:

alicui abrogare fidem juris jurandi,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44; and:

omnibus abrogatur fides,

id. Ac. 2, 11, 36:

quae res fidem abrogat orationi,

Auct. Her. 1, 10, 17:

imminuit et oratoris auctoritatem et orationis fidem,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 156:

multa fidem promissa levant,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 10: fidem addere, to give credence (opp. fidem demere):

ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem,

Tac. G. 3 fin. —

In partic., in mercant. lang., credit:

cum fides totā Italiā esset angustior, neque creditae pecuniae solverentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 2; cf.:

scimus, Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

fides de foro sublata erat,

id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

labefacta jam fide,

credit being impaired, Suet. Vesp. 4:

pecunia suā aut amicorum fide sumpta mutua,

Sall. C. 24, 2:

non contentus agrariis legibus fidem moliri coepit,

Liv. 6, 11, 8; cf.:

fidem abrogare,

id. 6, 41, 11:

fidemque remque, perdere,

credit and means, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 36; cf.:

res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:

nisi fide staret res publica, opibus non staturam,

Liv. 23, 48, 9 Drak.; freq.: res fidesque, for fame and fortune, property and credit, i. e. entire resources, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 18; id. Truc. 1, 1, 24; 38; id. Most. 1, 2, 64; Sall. J. 73, 6 Cort.—

Beyond the mercant. sphere ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

segetis certa fides meae,

i. e. return, yield, Hor. C. 3, 16, 30:

at tibi... Persolvat nullā semina certa fide,

Tib. 2, 3, 62:

fallax fides unius anni,

Plin. Pan. 32, 4:

quia hanc ejus terrae fidem Menander eludit,

Quint. 12, 10, 25.

Transf., that which produces confidence or belief.

The quality that produces confidence in a person, trustworthiness, faithfulness, conscientiousness, credibility, honesty; in things, credibility, truth, etc.

In gen. (erroneously regarded by Cicero as the primary signif. of the word; wherefore he derived it from fio; v. the foll. passages):

fundamentum justitiae est fides, id est dictorum conventorumque constantia et veritas. Ex quo, audeamus imitari Stoicos, credamusque, quia fiat, quod dictum est, appellatam fidem,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 23 Beier; cf. id. Fragm. ap. Non. 24, 17 (Rep. 4, 7, p. 428 ed. Mos.); id. Fam. 16, 10 fin.:

justitia creditis in rebus fides nominatur,

id. Part. Or. 22, 78:

meo periculo hujus ego experiar fidem,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 99; cf.:

fides fidelitasque amicum erga,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 2:

homo antiqua virtute ac fide,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 88; cf.:

exemplum antiquae probitatis et fidei,

Cic. Rep. 3, 5:

esse summa probitate ac fide,

id. ib. 3, 17:

vir aequissimus, singulari fide,

id. ib. 3, 17:

quorum fides est laudata,

id. ib. 2, 36:

quibus facillime justitia et fides convalescit,

id. ib. 2, 14:

unde justitia, fides, aequitas?

id. ib. 1, 2:

cujus virtuti, fidei, felicitati (Gallia) commendata est,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

aequitas et fides,

id. Rep. 1, 35; cf.:

si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides,

id. ib. 3, 18 fin.:

quanta fide, quanta religione,

id. Font. 6, 13:

hinc fides, illinc fraudatio,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: ille vir haud magna cum re sed plenu' fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 ed. Vahl.): ubi societas? ubi fides majorum? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: nulla sancta societas, nec fides regni est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 8, 26 (Trag. v. 412 ed. Vahl.):

mea eraga te fides et benevolentia,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1:

pro vetere ac perpetua erga populum Romanum fide,

Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 4:

in fide atque amicitia civitatis Aeduae,

id. ib. 2, 14, 2:

in fide manere,

id. ib. 7, 4, 5; cf.:

sincera fide in pace Ligures esse,

Liv. 40, 34, 11:

si tibi optima fide sua omnia concessit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144:

praestare fidem,

id. Div. 2, 37, 79; id. Top. 10, 42; id. Att. 16, 7, 2; id. Fam. 1, 7, 6:

te oro per tuam fidem, ne, etc.,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 55: Eu. Dic bona fide: tu id aurum non surripuisti? Ly. Bona. Eu. Neque scis, quis abstulerit? Ly. Istuc quoque bona, Plaut. Mil. 4, 10, 42:

de pace cum fide agere,

Liv. 32, 33, 10:

jussas cum fide poenas luam,

Hor. Epod. 17, 37:

haecne marita fides?

Prop. 4 (5), 3, 11:

Aeacidae dederat pacis pignusque fidemque,

faithful bail, Ov. M. 12, 365:

perjura patris fides,

perjured faith, dishonesty, Hor. C. 3, 24, 59 et saep.—Prov.:

fides ut anima, unde abiit, eo numquam redit,

Pub. Syr. 181 (Rib.):

fidem qui perdit, quo se servet relicuo,

id. 166.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

nam cum Gabinii levitas... omnem tabularum fidem resignasset, etc.,

trustworthiness, credibility, Cic. Arch. 5, 9; cf.:

nunc vero quam habere auctoritatem et quam fidem possunt (litterae)?

id. Fl. 9, 21; and:

visa, quae fidem nullam habebunt,

id. Ac. 2, 18, 58 fin.; and:

qui non speciem expositionis sed fidem quaerit,

truth, Quint. 10, 1, 32:

aliter oraculorum, aliter haruspicum fides confirmari aut refelli potest,

id. 5, 7, 36:

probationum,

id. 4 praef. §

6: liber spectatae fidei,

Gell. 1, 7, 1:

paulum distare ab eo (lapide) in unguentorum fide multi existimant Lygdinos, etc.,

in faithful preservation, keeping in good condition, Plin. 36, 8, 13, § 62.—

In poets several times, faithful, true fulfilment of a promise:

dicta fides sequitur,

Ov. M. 3, 527 (cf.:

res dicta secuta est,

id. ib. 4, 550):

vota fides sequitur,

id. ib. 8, 713:

promissa exhibuere fidem,

were fulfilled, id. ib. 7, 323; cf.:

en haec promissa fides est?

is this the fulfilment of the oracle? Verg. A. 6, 346.—

In partic., in jurid. lang., bona fides, good faith, sincerity; hence, EX FIDE BONA or BONA FIDE, in good faith, sincerely, honestly, conscientiously:

arbitrum illum adegit, QVICQVID SIBI DARE FACERE OPORTERET EX FIDE BONA,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.: quanti verba illa: VTI NE PROPTER TE FIDEMVE TVAM CAPTVS FRAVDATVSVE SIEM, etc.... Q. quidem Scaevola, pontifex maximus, summam vim esse dicebat in omnibus iis arbitriis, in quibus adderetur EX FIDE BONA;

fideique bonae, nomen existimabat manare latissime, idque versari in tutelis societatibus, fiduciis mandatis, rebus emptis venditis, conductis locatis, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 17, 70; id. Att. 6, 1, 15: praetor ait: QVI [p. 747] BONA FIDE EMIT, etc., Dig. 6, 2, 7, § 11 sq.; cf.:

bonae fidei emptori subrepta re quam emerit,

Just. Inst. 4, 1, 15:

ubi lex inhibet usucapionem, bona fides possidenti nihil prodest,

Dig. 41, 3, 24:

tot judicia de fide mala, quae ex empto aut vendito aut conducto aut locato contra fidem fiunt, etc.,

i. e. deception, dishonesty, Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74:

bonā fide = certissime,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 30; id. Aul. 4, 10, 42; id. Capt. 4, 2, 110; cf.:

mala fide,

Dig. 41, 2, 1, § 6.—

An assurance that produces confidence, a promise, engagement, word, assurance, confirmation.

In gen.:

fide data, credamus,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 61: accipe daque fidem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 33 ed. Vahl.):

atque etiam, si quid singuli temporibus adducti hosti promiserunt, est in eo ipso fides conservanda: ut primo Punico bello Regulus... ad supplicium redire maluit, quam fidem hosti datam fallere,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:

fidem dare, violare, in fide non stare,

id. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

Pompei fides, quam de me Caesari dederat,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 12:

inter se fidem et jusjurandum dare,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3 fin.:

obligare fidem alicui,

to plight one's faith, Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51; cf.:

fidem reliquis interponere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 6 fin.:

fide mea spondeo, futurum ut, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 10:

diffidens, de numero dierum Caesarem fidem servaturum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 36, 1:

si fidem mecum servas,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 48:

tecum servavi fidem,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 10; id. Merc. 3, 1, 33:

fides juris jurandi cum hoste servanda,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

fidem erga imperatorem conservare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 84, 3:

fidem erga populum Romanum servare,

Liv. 24, 4, 5:

servata erga Galbam,

Tac. H. 1, 71:

in regem suum servata,

Curt. 6, 5, 2:

ut fidem vobis praestaremus,

Liv. 28, 39, 2; so,

fidem alicui praestare,

Curt. 6, 4, 9; Liv. 30, 15, 5; Sen. Ben. 5, 21, 1:

non servata fides deditis est,

Liv. 24, 1, 10; cf. Cic. de Sen. 20, 75; Sen. Ep. 71, 17:

fidem suam liberare,

to perform his promise, Cic. Fl. 20, 47; cf.:

fidem alicujus liberare,

id. Fam. 12, 7, 2: so,

fidem exsolvere,

Liv. 3, 19, 1; 22, 23, 8; 24, 16, 12; Plin. Ep. 2, 12, 6; Luc. 9, 98 al.:

fidem frangere,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 16;

for which violare, v. above,

id. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

fidem amittere,

Nep. Eum. 10:

istius fide ac potius perfidiā decepti,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110: quantum mea fides studii mihi afferat, my plighted word (to defend the king), id. Deiot. 1, 1:

contioni deinde edicto addidit fidem,

confirmed, Liv. 2, 24, 6.—

Pregn., a given promise of protection or security, a guaranty; hence, in gen., protection, guardian care:

introduxi Vulturcium sine Gallis: fidem ei publicam jussu senatus dedi,

promised him protection, security, in the name of the public, Cic. Cat. 3, 4, 8; cf.: Vulturcius interrogatus... primo fingere alia;

post, ubi fide publica dicere jussus est, omnia uti gesta erant aperit,

Sall. C. 47, 1:

cum se diceret indicaturum de conjuratione, si fides publica data esset,

id. ib. 48, 4:

uti L. Cassius ad Jugurtham mitteretur, eumque interposita fide publica Romam duceret,

id. J. 32, 1; cf.:

privatim praeterea fidem suam interponit, quam ille non minoris quam publicam ducebat,

id. ib. fin.:

qui Romam fide publica venerat,

id. ib. 35, 7; so,

too, simply fides: Lusitani contra interpositam fidem interfecti,

Cic. Brut. 23, 89:

fide accepta ab legatis, vim abfuturam,

Liv. 38, 33, 3:

Thais patri se commendavit in clientelam et fidem,

Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 9; cf.:

se in Chrysogoni fidem et clientelam contulerunt,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 106:

quaere in cujus fide sint et clientela,

id. ib. 33, 93:

aliquid in fidem alicujus tradere,

Liv. 38, 31, 2:

frugi hominem, plenum religionis videtis positum in vestra fide ac potestate: atque ita, ut commissus sit fidei, permissus potestati,

Cic. Font. 14, 30; cf.:

se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 2:

in alicujus fidem ac potestatem venire,

id. ib. 2, 13, 2:

in fide alicujus esse,

Cic. Planc. 41, 97; cf. id. Fam. 13, 65, 2:

ea (jura) fidei suae commissa,

id. Off. 1, 34, 124:

civitas in Catonis fide locata,

id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

recipere aliquid in fidem,

id. ib. 15, 14, 3; cf.:

aliquem in fidem necessitudinemque suam recipere,

id. Fam. 13, 19, 2:

recipere aliquem in fidem,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15, 1; 4, 22, 3:

hortatur, ut populi Romani fidem sequantur,

id. ib. 4, 21, 8: jura fidemque supplicis erubuit (Achilles), the protection due to a suppliant, Verg. A. 2, 541:

di, obsecro vostram fidem!

your protection, assistance, help, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 11; id. Am. 5, 1, 78; id. Most. 1, 1, 74; 2, 2, 97; cf.:

fidem vestram oro atque obsecro, judices,

Cic. Mur. 40, 86:

deum atque hominum fidem implorabis,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 25;

so in colloq. lang. frequently elliptic. as an exclamation: Di vostram fidem!

by the protection of the gods! for heaven's sake! Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 58, id. Men. 5, 2, 119; id. Poen. 4, 78 al.; Ter. And. 4, 3, 1; 4, 4, 5; id. Eun. 3, 1, 28 al.; cf.:

tuam fidem, Venus!

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 40:

pro deum atque hominum fidem!

id. ib. 5, 3, 16; id. Ep. 4, 2, 10; Ter. And. 1. 5, 2; 1, 5, 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9 al.; Sall. C. 20, 10 al.;

for which: pro deorum atque hominum fidem!

Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 48;

and in a different order: pro deorum fidem atque hominum,

id. Lael. 15, 52;

also simply pro deum fidem,

Liv. 3, 67, 7 Drak. N. cr.; and:

per fidem!

Petr. 100, 5; Tac. Or. 35; App. M. 6, p. 175.—

The faith, the Christian religion as a system of belief (eccl. Lat.):

domicilium fidei,

Lact. 4, 30 fin.; Vulg. Apoc. 14, 12 al.

Fides, personified as a goddess:

praeclare Ennius: O Fides alma, apta pinnis, et jus jurandum Jovis! Qui jus igitur jurandum violat, is Fidem violat,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104 (Enn. Trag. v. 410 ed. Vahl.); cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 74 Müll.; Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 47; 2, 23, 61; 31, 79; id. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 11, 28; Plaut. Cas. prol. 2; id. Aul. 3, 6, 46; 50; 4, 2, 14; Verg. A. 1, 292; Hor. C. 1, 35, 21; 4, 5, 20; id. C. S. 57.

fĭdes, ium, plur., or fides, is, sing., f. [= sphidê], a stringed instrument, lyre, lute, cithern.

Lit.

In gen.

In plur. (only so in classic prose): Fides genus citharae, Paul. ex Fest. p. 89, 16 Müll.:

(hominis) omnis vultus omnesque voces, ut nervi in fidibus, ita sonant, ut a motu animi quoque sunt pulsae,

Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216;

so different from nervi,

id. Div. 2, 14, 33; id. Leg. 2, 15, 39; id. Brut. 54, 199; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75 (v. Madv. ad h. l., p. 601 sq.):

ut in fidibus aut tibiis, atque in cantu ipso ac vocibus concentus est quidam tenendus ex distinctis sonis, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 42; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75; cf. id. de Or. 3, 51, 197: Fi. Fides non reddis? Pe. Neque fides neque tibias, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 77;

with tibiae,

Quint. 1, 10, 14; 20; 11, 3, 59:

Orpheus, Threïciā fretus citharā fidibusque canoris,

Verg. A. 6, 120:

fidibus cantare alicui,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 64:

fidibus canere praeclare,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Div. 2, 59, 122:

uti,

id. Tusc. 5, 39, 113:

dicere longum melos,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 4:

placare deos,

id. ib. 1, 36, 1:

discere,

Cic. de Sen. 8, 26:

docere aliquem,

id. Fam. 9, 22, 3:

scire,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 53:

vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 12:

fidibusne Latinis Thebanos aptare modos studet,

i. e. to imitate Pindaric odes in Latin poetry, id. Ep. 1, 3, 12.—

Sing. ( poet.):

sume fidem et pharetram: fies manifestus Apollo,

Ov. H. 15, 23; so,

Teïa,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 18:

Cyllenea,

id. Epod. 13, 9:

quodsi blandius Orpheo moderere fidem,

id. C. 1, 24, 14.—

Prov.: vetus adagium est: Nihil cum fidibus graculo, i. e. ignoramuses have nothing to do with poetry, Gell. N. A. praef. § 19.—

Esp., Fides, is, f., a constellation, i. q. Lyra, the Lyre:

cedit clara Fides Cyllenia,

Cic. Arat. 381; Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12;

in the form Fidis,

Col. 11, 2, 14; 40; Sid. Carm. 16, 5.—

Transf., in sing., i. q. nervus, chorda, a string of a musical instrument:

quae tuba quaeve lyra Flatibus incluta vel fidibus,

Prud. Cath. 3, 81.

fistŭla, ae, f. [findo, fis-sum].

In gen., a pipe, tube, e. g. a water-pipe (usually of lead;

syn.: tubus, canalis, sypho),

Cic. Rab. Perd. 11, 31; Front. Aquaed. 25 sq.; Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224; 31, 6, 31, § 58; Ov. M. 4, 122; Inscr. Orell. 3322; 3324; 3892; the wind-pipe and gullet, Plin. 11, 37, 66, § 175; Gell. 17, 11, 4; the tubular vessels in the lungs, Plin. 11, 37, 72, § 188; in the teeth, id. 11, 37, 62, § 163; a hole in a sponge, id. 31, 11, 47, § 123 al.; the blow-hole of the whale, id. 9, 7, 6, § 19.—

In partic.

A hollow reed-stalk, a reed, cane, Plin. 12, 22, 48, § 106; 19, 5, 23, § 66.—

Transf.

A reed-pipe, shepherd's pipe, pipes of Pan (made of several reeds gradually decreasing in length and calibre), the Greek surinx, invented by Pan (syn.:

tibia, sura): fistula, cui semper decrescit arundinis ordo: Nam calamus cerā jungitur usque minor,

Tib. 2, 5, 31; cf. Verg. E. 2, 32 sq.; Ov. M. 1, 688 sq.; 2, 682; 13, 784; Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 204; Hor. C. 4, 1, 24; 4, 12, 10 et al.: eburneola, a pitch-pipe, for giving the tone in which an orator should speak, Cic. de Or. 3, 60, 225 sq.; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 27.— In comic transf.: itaque et ludis et gladiatoribus mirandas episêmasias sine ulla pastoricia fistula auferebamus, i. e. without being hissed off, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 11.—

A writing-reed, Pers. 3, 14.—

A sort of ulcer, a fistula, Cels. 2, 8 med.; 5, 12; 7, 4; Plin. 20, 9, 33, § 55; 24, 11, 51, § 88; Cato, R. R. 157, 14; Nep. Att. 21, 3.—

Fistula sutoria, a shoemaker's punch, Plin. 17, 14, 23, § 100.—

A catheter:

aeneae fistulae fiunt,

Cels. 7, 26, 1 init. —

Fistula farraria, a sort of hand-mill for grinding corn, Cato, R. R. 10, 3;

also called fistula serrata,

Plin. 18, 10, 23, § 97.

fŏcus, i, m. [root bha-, to be bright, Gr. pha- (cf. for, fari), strengthened, fac-, fax, facies, etc., Corss. Ausspr. 1, 423, who refers even facio to this root].

A fire-place, hearth (syn.: clibanus, furnus, fornax, caminus): Varro focos ait dictos, quod foveat ignes, nam ignis ipsa flamma est: quicquid autem ignem fovet, focus vocatur, seu ara sit seu quid aliud, in quo ignis fovetur, Varr. ap. Isid. Orig. 20, 10, 1:

at focus a flammis, et quod fovet omnia, dictus,

Ov. F. 6, 301; Paul. ex Fest. p. 85 Müll.; Serv. Verg. A. 12, 118; Plaut. Aul. prol. 7; Plin. 19, 1, 4, § 19:

dum meus assiduo luceat igne focus,

Tib. 1, 1, 6:

jam dudum splendet focus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 7:

ligna super foco Large reponens,

id. C. 1, 9, 5:

Curio ad focum sedenti magnum auri pondus Samnites, cum attulissent,

Cic. de Sen. 16, 55; cf. id. Fragm. ap. Non. 522, 28 (Rep. 3, 28 ed. Mos.);

68, 17: ad focum angues nundinari solent,

Cic. Div. 2, 31, 66:

exstruere lignis focum,

to pile on wood, Hor. Epod. 2, 43.— Poet. of a funeral-pile, Verg. A. 11, 212; of an altar, Prop. 2, 19 (3, 12), 14; 4, 5, 64 (5, 5, 66 M.); Tib. 1, 2, 82; Ov. M. 4, 753 al.—On the hearths of Roman houses were placed, in little niches, the household gods (Lares), and for them a fire was kept up:

haec imponentur in foco nostro Lari,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 16; cf.:

focus Larium, quo familia convenit,

Plin. 28, 20, 81, § 267.—Hence,

Transf.: focus, like our hearth, serves to denote the house or family:

domi focique fac vicissim ut memineris,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 45; cf.:

nudum ejicit domo atque focis patriis disque penatibus praecipitem Sextum exturbat,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

agellus, quem tu fastidis, habitatum quinque focis,

by five houses, families, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 2.—Esp. freq.: arae et foci, pro aris et focis pugnare, to signify one's dearest possessions; v. ara. —

A fire-pan, coal-pan, brazier:

panem in foco caldo sub testu coquito leniter,

Cato, R. R. 75; 76, 2; Sen. Ep. 78 fin.

formo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [forma], to shape, fashion, form (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense).

Lit.: omnis fere materia nondum formata rudis appellatur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 265:

materia, quam fingit et format effectio,

Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 6:

utcumque temperatus sit aër, ita pueros orientes animari atque formari,

id. Div. 2, 42, 89:

lapsos formare capillos,

to adjust, Prop. 1, 3, 23:

classem in Ida,

Verg. A. 9, 80:

vultus,

Plin. 35, 8, 34, § 56:

e Pario formatum marmore signum,

Ov. M. 3, 419.— Absol.:

(individua corpora, i. e. atomi) formare, figurare, colorare, animare (se ipsa) non possent,

Cic. N. D. 1, 39, 110.—

Trop., to shape, form, regulate, dispose, direct; to prepare, compose, etc. (in Cic. only with abstr. objects):

verba nos, sicut mollissimam ceram, ad nostrum arbitrium formamus et fingimus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 45, 177:

orationem,

id. ib. 2, 9, 36:

verba recte formare,

Quint. 1, 12, 9; 10, 7, 7:

ea quae inter se discrepant,

Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 34:

eloquentiam,

Quint. 2, 10, 2:

actionem,

id. 11, 3, 180:

disciplinam filii,

id. 4 praef. § 1; cf.:

studia ejus, id. prooem. § 5: consuetudinem partim exercitationis assiduitate partim ratione formare,

Cic. Ac. 1, 5, 20:

mores,

Quint. 12, 2, 27:

vitam et mores juventutis,

Plin. Pan. 47, 1:

custodireque in aetate prima pudorem,

Quint. 1, 2, 4:

nulla res magis penetrat in animos, eosque fingit, format, flectit, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 38, 142:

quae formabat canendo Heroum mentes,

Sil. 11, 452; cf. Quint. 1, 12, 10:

animum judicum,

id. 4, 1, 60:

mentes,

id. 2, 16, 10:

mores juventutis quam principaliter formas!

Plin. Pan. 47, 1; 88, 3:

epistolas orationesque et edicta alieno formabat ingenio,

Suet. Dom. 20; cf.:

si quid res exigeret, Latine formabat,

id. Aug. 89:

inventus est ejus de hac re sermo formatus,

id. Ner. 47:

personam formare nevam,

to invent, Hor. A. P. 126: versus meos cantat formatque citharā, qs. trims, embellishes them, Plin. Ep. 4, 19, 4:

cogitet oratorem institui, rem arduam, etiam cum ei formando nihil defuerit,

Quint. 1, 1, 10; cf.: (juvenis) ita a me formari et institui cupit, ut, etc., Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 3:

perfectum ora torem,

Quint. 2, 15, 33:

sapientem,

id. 1, 10, 5:

virum,

id. 12, 1, 44:

puerum dictis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 121:

feros cultus hominum recentum dictis,

id. C. 1, 10, 3:

tenerae nimis mentes asperioribus formandae studiis,

id. ib. 3, 24, 54:

poëtam (with alere),

id. A. P. 307:

format enim natura prius nos intus ad omnem Fortunarum habitum,

id. ib. 108:

ad credendum ante formatus,

Quint. 5, 7, 8; 7, 3, 14:

opus movendi judicum animos atque in eum quem volumus habitum formandi,

id. 6, 2, 1; 11, 1, 2:

at quae non tacita formavi gaudia mente,

Ov. Am. 3, 7, 63:

se in mores alicujus,

Liv. 1, 21, 2: in admirationem formata, i. e. feigning, simulans, Suet. Claud. 37.

gentīlĭtas, ātis, f. [gentilis], the relationship of those who belong to the same gens.

Lit.:

gentilitatum, agnationum, etc.... jura,

Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 173; cf.:

de toto stirpis ac gentilitatis jure dicere,

id. ib. 1, 39, 176; Plin. Pan. 37, 2.—

Transf.

Concr., relatives bearing the same name, kindred: omnes Tarquinios eicerent, ne quam reditionis per gentilitatem spem haberent, Varr. ap. Non. 222, 17:

gentilitas ejus Manlii cognomen ejuravit,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 24; Inscr. Orell. 156; 1663.—In plur.:

sparsas atque ut ita dicam laceras gentilitates colligere,

Plin. Pan. 39, 3.—

Of plants, bearing the same name, Plin. 23, 7, 65, § 131; 12, 13, 30, § 51.—

In eccl. Lat., heathenism, paganism: gentilitas (opp. Dei religio), Lact. 2, 13 fin.; Vulg. Judith, 14, 6.—

Concr., the heathen, pagans, Prud. steph. 10, 1086; Tert. Verg. Vel. 2; Hier. ad Ephes. 5 fin.

hostĭcus, a, um, adj. [hostis].

Of or belonging to an enemy, hostile (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): ager,

Liv. 44, 13:

tellus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 65:

moenia,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 6:

vindemia,

Ov. F. 4, 893:

manus,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 49; 2, 2, 61:

ensis,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 31:

incursiones, Col. praef. § 19: tumultus,

Flor. 3, 10, 17.—In neutr. as subst.: hostĭcum, i, the enemy's territory:

castra in hostico incuriose posita,

Liv. 8, 38, 2:

raptae ex hostico messes,

Plin. Pan. 29, 3:

transire in hosticum,

Eum. Pan. ad Constant. 13; also enmity:

hosticum spirare,

Tert. Mag. 35.—

Of or belonging to a stranger, strange, foreign:

hosticum hoc mihi domiciliumst, Athenis domus est,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 40.

hostĭcus, a, um, adj. [hostis].

Of or belonging to an enemy, hostile (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): ager,

Liv. 44, 13:

tellus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 65:

moenia,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 6:

vindemia,

Ov. F. 4, 893:

manus,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 49; 2, 2, 61:

ensis,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 31:

incursiones, Col. praef. § 19: tumultus,

Flor. 3, 10, 17.—In neutr. as subst.: hostĭcum, i, the enemy's territory:

castra in hostico incuriose posita,

Liv. 8, 38, 2:

raptae ex hostico messes,

Plin. Pan. 29, 3:

transire in hosticum,

Eum. Pan. ad Constant. 13; also enmity:

hosticum spirare,

Tert. Mag. 35.—

Of or belonging to a stranger, strange, foreign:

hosticum hoc mihi domiciliumst, Athenis domus est,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 40.

impĕrĭum ( inp-), ĭi, n. [impero], a command, order, direction.

Lit. (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.): si quid opus est, impera: imperium exsequar. Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 1; cf.:

nunc pergam eri imperium exsequi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 106:

eri imperia persequi,

id. ib. 2, 1, 75:

imperium exsequi,

id. Men. 5, 6, 16; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 22:

obsequens obediensque est mori atque imperiis patris,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 55; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 21; id. Men. 5, 7, 1:

tuo facit jussu, tuo imperio paret,

id. As. 1, 2, 21:

malus et nequam est homo, qui nihili imperium eri Sui servus facit,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; cf. id. As. 2, 4, 10:

quod hi neque ad concilia veniebant neque imperio parebant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 2 fin.:

imperium neglegere,

id. ib. 5, 7, 7:

neque ab uno omnia imperia administrari poterant,

id. ib. 2, 22 fin.:

imperio Jovis huc venio,

Verg. A. 5, 726; cf.:

et Jovis imperium et cari praecepta parentis Edocet,

id. ib. 5, 747:

imperiis deūm propalam expositis,

Liv. 8, 6, 12:

quidam (pueri) imperia indignantur,

Quint. 1, 3, 6:

aegri quoquo neglecto medentium imperio, etc.,

Plin. Pan. 22, 3:

elephanti inest imperiorum obedientia,

Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1:

naturae imperio gemimus, cum, etc.,

Juv. 15, 138:

cujus paruit imperiis,

id. 14, 331.

Transf., the right or power of commanding, authority, command, control (freq. and class.).

In gen.: Mes. Nempe jubes? Me. Jubeo hercle, si quid imperii est in te mihi, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 41; cf. id. Pers. 3, 1, 15:

Appius et caecus et senex tenebat non modo auctoritatem sed etiam imperium in suos,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 37:

reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 6:

eone es ferox, quia habes imperium in beluas?

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 25:

mater, cujus sub imperio'st, mala,

id. Heaut. 2, 2, 4: An. Sta ilico. Ge. Hem, sates pro imperio! quisquis es, i. e. authorilatively, imperiously, id. Phorm. 1, 4, 19:

domesticum,

Cic. Caecin. 18, 52; id. Inv. 2, 47, 140:

(Juppiter) Divosque mortalesque turbas Imperio regit unus aequo,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 48; cf.:

sed me jussa deūm... Imperiis egere suis,

Verg. A. 6, 463:

Phyllius illic Imperio pueri volucresque ferumque leonem Tradiderat domitos,

Ov. M. 7, 373:

agricolae habent rationem cum terra, quae numquam recusat imperium,

Cic. de Sen. 15, 51.—

In partic.

In publicists' lang., supreme power, sovereignty, sway, dominion, empire (cf.: principatus, dominatus, regnum; potestas, potentia).

Sing.: Tarquinio dedit imperium simul et sola regni, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 151 Vahl.); cf.:

navorum imperium servare est induperantum,

id. ib. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 413 Vahl.); and:

ipse (Numa rex) de suo imperio curiatam legem tulit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 13; 2, 17; 18; [p. 901] 20;

21: homo dominandi cupidus aut imperii singularis,

sole dominion, id. ib. 1, 33:

singulare et potestas regia,

id. ib. 2, 9:

esse consul cum summo imperio et potestate,

id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; id. Fl. 8, 18; cf.:

cum summo imperio et potestate versari,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, 31:

qui (App. Claudius) tum erat summo imperio,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 66:

omne imperium nostri penes singulos esse voluerunt,

id. Rep. 1, 40; 2, 32:

de imperio Caesaris... gravissime decernitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4:

imperium extra ordinem dare,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 25:

quod imperium potest esse praestantius quam, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 17:

eos qui antea commodis fuerint moribus, imperio, potestate, prosperis rebus immutari,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

ad deponendum imperium tardior esse,

id. Rep. 2, 12:

expertes imperii,

id. ib. 1, 31:

deponentium imperium tyrannorum,

Quint. 9, 2, 67 et saep.:

sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere,

Cic. Font. 1, 2; so,

with dicio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 7; cf.:

Gallia sub populi Romani imperium redacta,

id. ib. 5, 29, 4:

totam ad imperium populi Romani Ciliciam adjunxit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

majestas est in imperio atque in omni populi Romani dignitate,

Quint. 7, 3, 35:

cum duobus ducibus de imperio in Italia decertatum est, Pyrrho et Hannibale,

Cic. Lael. 8, 28; cf.:

de imperio dimicare,

id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

spes diuturnitatis atque imperii,

id. Rep. 2, 3; cf.:

sedem et domum summo imperio praebere,

id. ib. 2, 5 fin.:

quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 6:

civitati imperium totius provinciae pollicetur,

id. ib. 7, 64 fin.:

cum abunde expertus esset quam bene umeris tuis sederet imperium,

Plin. Pan. 10 fin.:

auctoritate magis quam imperio regere,

Liv. 1, 7, 8; cf.:

nec illum pro imperio submovere posse... quia ita dicatur: si vobis videtur, discedite, Quirites,

id. 2, 56, 12.—

Plur.:

nec vero imperia expetenda ac potius aut non accipienda interdum aut deponenda nonnumquam,

i. e. public offices, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

(cives) mandant imperia,

id. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:

honores, magistratus, imperia, potestates, opes amicitiae anteponere,

id. Lael. 17, 63:

cui (duci) dantur imperia et ea continuantur, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 44:

ita cepi et gessi maxima imperia, ut, etc.,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 5:

vides tyranni satellites in imperiis,

id. Att. 14, 5, 2:

quod praestare dicant Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre,

dominion, government, Caes. B. G. 1, 17, 3:

qui mobilitate ac levitate animi novis imperiis studebant,

id. ib. 2, 1, 3:

imperia legum potentiora quam hominum,

Liv. 2, 1, 1. —

Hence, transf., concr.

Dominion, realm, empire (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.):

duae urbes inimicissimae huic imperio,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

jam ipsa terra ita mihi parva visa est, ut me imperii nostri pæniteret,

id. Rep. 6, 16 fin.:

nostrum,

id. ib. 3, 29; cf.:

finium imperii nostri propagatio,

id. Prov. Cons. 12, 29:

fines imperii propagavit,

id. Rep. 3, 12:

imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris,

Verg. A. 1, 287:

per quas (artes) imperi Porrecta majestas ad ortus Solis ab Hesperio cubili,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 14:

adjectis Britannis Imperio,

id. ib. 3, 5, 4:

quem vocet divum populus ruentis Imperi rebus?

id. ib. 1, 2, 26;

1, 37, 8: immensum imperii corpus stare ac librari sine rectore non potest,

Tac. H. 1, 16:

reges socii, membra partesque imperii,

Suet. Aug. 48:

breviarium totius imperii,

id. ib. 101:

rationarium imperii,

id. ib. 28:

imperii fines Tiberinum natare,

Juv. 8, 265:

noverat luxuriam imperii veterem,

i. e. of the Roman court, id. 4, 137.—

Trop., rule, control (very rare but class.):

illud vide, si in animis hominum regale imperium sit, unius fore dominatum, consilii scilicet,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38.—Iron.:

imperium judiciorum tenere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 77:

coactae imperio sexus,

i. e. the ambition, Juv. 6, 135.—

Law t. t., the jurisdiction or discretion of a magistrate:

omnia autem judicia aut legitimo jure consistunt aut imperio continentur,

Gai. Inst. 4, 103:

ideo autem imperio contineri judicia dicuntur, quia tamdiu valent, quamdiu is qui ea praecepit imperium habet,

id. ib. 4, 105; cf. 3, 181 al.—

Milit., the chief command, command.

Sing.:

victum atque expugnatum oppidum est Imperio atque auspicio Amphitruonis maxime,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 37; 1, 1, 41: re impetrata contendunt, ut ipsis summa imperii transdatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 63, 5:

delatam sibi summam imperii,

Suet. Ner. 3:

censet enim etiam ex iis, qui cum imperio sint,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

nostri imperii dignitas,

id. ib. 1, 7, 4:

novem annis, quibus in imperio fuit,

Suet. Caes. 25:

legionum curam et imperium alicui demandare,

id. ib. 76:

alicui imperium prorogare,

id. Tib. 30:

imperii tempus explere,

id. Caes. 26: cum imperio aut magistratu, i. e. a military or civil command, Suet. Tib. 12:

qui dabat olim imperium, fasces, etc.,

Juv. 10, 79; cf. in the foll.—

Plur.:

mandant (cives) imperia, magistratus,

i. e. military and civil commands, Cic. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:

magistratus, imperia, amicitiae anteponere,

id. Lael. 17, 63;

so opp. magistratus,

Suet. Caes. 54; 75; id. Aug. 61.—

Transf.

Concr.: imperia, i. q. imperatores, commanding officers, commanders, generals:

imperia, potestates, legationes, quom senatus creverit populusve jusserit, ex urbe exeunto,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

nacti vacuas ab imperiis Sardiniam et Siciliam,

Caes. B. C. 1, 31, 1; Val. Max. 1, 1, 9.—

Erat plena lictorum et imperiorum provincia, differta praefectis atque exactoribus, Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 4.—

(Acc. to imperator, II. B. 3.) The imperial government, the government:

tandem quasi coactus recepit imperium,

Suet. Tib. 24; 55; 67; id. Calig. 12; 16; 24; id. Claud. 11; 35; 36 et saep.

incestus, a, um, adj. [2. in-castus], unclean (in a moral and religious sense), impure, polluted, defiled, sinful, criminal (as an adj. mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

In gen.:

cum verborum contumeliis optimum virum incesto ore lacerasset,

Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

saepe Diespiter Neglectus incesto addidit integrum,

punished the good with the bad, Hor. C. 3, 2, 30:

catervae Incestarum avium,

that feed on corpses, Stat. Th. 9, 27:

profana illic omnia, quae apud nos sacra: rursum concessa apud illos, quae apud nos incesta,

Tac. H. 5, 4:

an triste bidental Moverit incestus,

impious, Hor. A. P. 472. —

In partic., unchaste, lewd, incestuous.

Adj.:

Ilion Fatalis incestusque judex... vertit In pulverem,

i. e. Paris, Hor. C. 3, 3, 19;

called also: praedo,

Stat. Ach. 1, 45:

princeps,

Plin. Pan. 52, 3:

amores,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 23; Tac. A. 12, 4:

nuptiae,

id. ib. 11, 25 fin.; cf.

conjugia,

Suet. Claud. 26:

noctes,

Plin. Pan. 63, 7:

voces,

Ov. Tr. 2, 503:

pellicere aliquem incesto sermone,

Liv. 8, 28, 3:

incestus manus intra terminos sacratos inferre,

id. 45, 5, 7:

corruptor et idem incestus,

Juv. 4, 9. — Hence,

incestum, i, n., unchastity, lewdness; esp. as a violation of religious laws, incest (class.):

incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

concubuit cum viro... fecit igitur incestum,

id. Inv. 1, 40, 73. committere, Quint. 4, 2, 88; Dig. 23, 2, 39:

ex incesto, quod Augustus cum Julia filia admisisset,

Suet. Calig. 23; cf.:

incesti cum sorore reus,

id. Ner. 5:

cum filia commissum,

Quint. 5, 10, 19:

incesto liberatus,

Cic. Pis. 39, 95:

incesti damnata,

Quint. 7, 8, 3:

ab incesto id ei loco nomen factum,

Liv. 8, 15, 8:

incesti poena... in viro in insulam deportatio est,

Paul. Sent. 2, 26, 15. — In plur.:

stupra... et adulteria, incesta denique,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 35, 75:

super sororum incesta,

Suet. Calig. 36:

Vestalium virginum,

id. Dom. 8.—

incesta, ae, f., an incestuous woman, paramour:

hunc (adamanta) dedit olim barbarus incestae,

Juv. 6, 158.— Adv.: incestē ( incastē, Sen. Contr. 2, 13).

In gen., impurely, sinfully, Lucr. 1, 98:

facere sacrificium Dianae,

Liv. 1, 45, 6.—

In partic., unchastely:

ideo aquam adduxi, ut ea tu inceste uterere?

Cic. Cael. 14, 34:

libidinatum,

Suet. Ner. 28:

agit incestius res suas,

Arn. 5, 170.

incestus, ūs, m. [1. incestus, II.], unchastity, incest (mostly Ciceron.):

quaestio de incestu,

Cic. Mil. 22, 59; id. Brut. 32, 122; 124; id. N. D. 3, 30, 74 Klotz; Liv. 4, 44 Weissenb.; Val. Max. 6, 3, 7.

incestus, a, um, adj. [2. in-castus], unclean (in a moral and religious sense), impure, polluted, defiled, sinful, criminal (as an adj. mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

In gen.:

cum verborum contumeliis optimum virum incesto ore lacerasset,

Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

saepe Diespiter Neglectus incesto addidit integrum,

punished the good with the bad, Hor. C. 3, 2, 30:

catervae Incestarum avium,

that feed on corpses, Stat. Th. 9, 27:

profana illic omnia, quae apud nos sacra: rursum concessa apud illos, quae apud nos incesta,

Tac. H. 5, 4:

an triste bidental Moverit incestus,

impious, Hor. A. P. 472. —

In partic., unchaste, lewd, incestuous.

Adj.:

Ilion Fatalis incestusque judex... vertit In pulverem,

i. e. Paris, Hor. C. 3, 3, 19;

called also: praedo,

Stat. Ach. 1, 45:

princeps,

Plin. Pan. 52, 3:

amores,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 23; Tac. A. 12, 4:

nuptiae,

id. ib. 11, 25 fin.; cf.

conjugia,

Suet. Claud. 26:

noctes,

Plin. Pan. 63, 7:

voces,

Ov. Tr. 2, 503:

pellicere aliquem incesto sermone,

Liv. 8, 28, 3:

incestus manus intra terminos sacratos inferre,

id. 45, 5, 7:

corruptor et idem incestus,

Juv. 4, 9. — Hence,

incestum, i, n., unchastity, lewdness; esp. as a violation of religious laws, incest (class.):

incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

concubuit cum viro... fecit igitur incestum,

id. Inv. 1, 40, 73. committere, Quint. 4, 2, 88; Dig. 23, 2, 39:

ex incesto, quod Augustus cum Julia filia admisisset,

Suet. Calig. 23; cf.:

incesti cum sorore reus,

id. Ner. 5:

cum filia commissum,

Quint. 5, 10, 19:

incesto liberatus,

Cic. Pis. 39, 95:

incesti damnata,

Quint. 7, 8, 3:

ab incesto id ei loco nomen factum,

Liv. 8, 15, 8:

incesti poena... in viro in insulam deportatio est,

Paul. Sent. 2, 26, 15. — In plur.:

stupra... et adulteria, incesta denique,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 35, 75:

super sororum incesta,

Suet. Calig. 36:

Vestalium virginum,

id. Dom. 8.—

incesta, ae, f., an incestuous woman, paramour:

hunc (adamanta) dedit olim barbarus incestae,

Juv. 6, 158.— Adv.: incestē ( incastē, Sen. Contr. 2, 13).

In gen., impurely, sinfully, Lucr. 1, 98:

facere sacrificium Dianae,

Liv. 1, 45, 6.—

In partic., unchastely:

ideo aquam adduxi, ut ea tu inceste uterere?

Cic. Cael. 14, 34:

libidinatum,

Suet. Ner. 28:

agit incestius res suas,

Arn. 5, 170.

incestus, ūs, m. [1. incestus, II.], unchastity, incest (mostly Ciceron.):

quaestio de incestu,

Cic. Mil. 22, 59; id. Brut. 32, 122; 124; id. N. D. 3, 30, 74 Klotz; Liv. 4, 44 Weissenb.; Val. Max. 6, 3, 7.