pan

praepĕdĭo, īvi, ĭi, ītum, 4, v. a. [praepes], to entangle the feet or other parts of the body; to shackle, bind, fetter (mostly poet. and post-Aug.; syn.: impedio, illaqueo, irretio).

Lit.:

praepeditus latera forti ferro,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 5:

praepeditis Numidarum equis,

tied to the manger, Tac. A. 4, 25: sine modo sese praedā praepediant, let them hamper or embarrass themselves, Liv. 8, 38, 13.—

Transf., in gen., to hinder, obstruct, impede:

singultu medios praepediente sonos,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 42:

timor praepedit dicta linguae,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 25; Ov. H. 14, 18:

si forte aliquos flumina, nives, venti praepedissent,

Plin. Pan. 68:

crura,

Lucr. 3, 478:

fugam hostium,

Pac. Pan. Theodos. 40:

recitantium praecipua pronuntiationis adjumenta, oculi, manus, praepediuntur,

Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 4:

praepediri valetudine,

to be prevented by illness, Tac. A. 3, 3:

praepeditus morbo,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21.—With inf.:

etiamsi praepeditus sit perculsas tot victoriis Germanias servitio premere,

Tac. A. 2, 73.

princĭpālis, e, adj. [princeps].

In gen., first, original, primitive (class.):

causae,

Cic. Fat. 5, 9:

est igitur tropus sermo a naturali et principali significatione translatus ad aliam,

Quint. 9, 1, 4:

verba,

Gell. 11, 15, 5.—

In partic.

In rank, first in rank, station, or esteem, chief, principal:

viri,

App. Flor. p. 363, 38.—Of things abstr. and concr.:

pici principales in auguriis,

Plin. 10, 18, 20, § 41:

principalia in Arabiā tus, et myrrha,

id. 12, 13, 30, § 51:

principalia aquatilium,

id. 31, 6, 38, § 72:

causarum aliae sunt perfectae et principales, aliae adjuvantes et proximae,

Cic. Fat. 18, 41:

quaestio,

Quint. 4, 4, 1:

post haec duo principalia subjungebat illa non minus intuenda,

after these two principal points, Col. 1, 3, 3:

principali studio (i. e. praecipuo),

Gell. 13, 10, 1:

principalia verba,

primitive, id. 11, 15, 5:

de culturā agri praecipere, principale fuit et apud exteros,

a principal thing, Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22:

principalis obligatio, res (opp. accessio),

Gai. Inst. 3, 126.— Comp.:

principalior,

Tert. Anim. 43: principaliora quaeque, id. cont. Marc. 4, 36.—As subst.: princĭpālis, is, m.

The foremost, overseer, superintendent:

officiorum, i. e. of attendants,

Cod. Just. 9, 51, 1.—

The chief magistrate of a municipality, Symm. Ep. 9, 1; Dig. 48, 19, 27; Isid. Orig. 9, 4:

principalis aut decurio,

Cod. Just. 10, 31, 33; 10, 34, 2, § 1.—

An inferior officer, Dig. 49, 16, 13.—

Of or belonging to a prince or ruler, princely, imperial, the emperor's (post-Aug.):

principalis quies,

Vell. 2, 56, 3:

fastigium,

id. 1, 11, 6:

opera,

id. 2, 124, 3:

curae,

Plin. Pan. 79:

copiae,

id. ib. 82:

apparatus arrogantiae principalis,

id. ib. 76:

beneficia,

id. ib. 36:

matrimonium,

Tac. H. 1, 22:

commentarii,

id. ib. 4, 40:

fortuna,

id. ib. 2, 81:

scortum,

id. ib. 1, 13:

majestas,

Suet. Claud. 17:

res,

id. Calig. 39:

bonum,

Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22: vox, Just. Inst. prooem. 3.—

Of or belonging to the principes, i. e. to the second line in the order of battle (post-class.), Cod. Th. 12, 1, 151; Veg. Mil. 2, 15, 1.—

Of or belonging to the principium in a camp: principalis castrorum porta nominatur, quod in eo loco est, in quo principes ordines tendunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 224 Müll.:

manipulos legionum principali viā inducit,

Liv. 10, 33:

porta principalis dextra,

id. 4, 19; cf. id. 40, 27. — Adv.: princĭpālĭter.

In gen., chiefly, principally (post-class.):

plurimae bestiae, sed principaliter leones,

Sol. 27:

negotium gerere,

Dig. 3, 2, 4.—

In partic., like a prince, imperially (post-Aug.):

gaudere,

Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 36:

mores juventutis quam principaliter formas!

Plin. Pan. 47:

institutae leges,

Arn. 1, 2, 2: non principaliter, incidentally, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 12, 7, 5.

prō-mĕrĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a., and prō-mĕrĕor, ĭtus, 2, v. dep. a.

To deserve, be deserving of, merit, in a good or bad sense (class.)

In gen.:

retineri nequeo, quin dicam ea, quae promeres,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 15; id. Am. 5, 2, 12:

quid mali sum promeritus,

id. ib. 2, 1, 20:

ita velim me promerentem ames,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 47:

reus levius punitus quam sit ille promeritus,

Cic. Inv 2, 28, 83:

poenam,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 63.—In a good sense:

promeruisti, ut ne quid ores, quin impetres,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 41:

promerenti optime hoccine pretii redditur,

id. As. 1, 2, 2;

deorum indulgentiam,

Plin. Pan. 74, 5:

amorem,

Suet. Calig. 3:

omnium voluntatem,

id. Tit. 1 dies qui primus videre Promeruit nasci mundum, Sedul. 5, 318.—

Esp., to deserve of one any thing (good or bad); constr. usu. with de or absol., rarely with acc.:

numquam referre gratiam possum satis, proinde ut tu promeritus de me,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 12:

paratiores erunt ad bene de multis promerendum,

Cic. Off 2, 15, 53.—

Transf., to acquire, gain, earn, get, win homines tenues unum habent in nostrum ordinem aut promerendi aut proferendi beneficii losum, Cic. Mur. 34, 70 socios, Suet. Aug. 3:

principem,

Plin. Pan. 62:

ego te numquam negabo Promeritam,

Verg. A. 4, 335:

per hostias deos laevos,

i. e. to render favorable, to propitiate, Arn. 7, 229; cf. pass.:

talibus enim hostiis promeretur Deus,

is won, conciliated, Vulg. Heb. 13, 6.—Hence, prō-mĕrĭtum, i, n, desert (good or evil), merit. —In good sense, Pac. ap. Non. 307, 10 (Trag. Rel. p. 79 Rib.); Lucr 2, 651; Cic. Red. ad Quir. 4, 8; Ov. F 4, 394.—In bad sense, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 49; Auct. B. Afr. 90.

prō-mĕrĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a., and prō-mĕrĕor, ĭtus, 2, v. dep. a.

To deserve, be deserving of, merit, in a good or bad sense (class.)

In gen.:

retineri nequeo, quin dicam ea, quae promeres,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 15; id. Am. 5, 2, 12:

quid mali sum promeritus,

id. ib. 2, 1, 20:

ita velim me promerentem ames,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 47:

reus levius punitus quam sit ille promeritus,

Cic. Inv 2, 28, 83:

poenam,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 63.—In a good sense:

promeruisti, ut ne quid ores, quin impetres,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 41:

promerenti optime hoccine pretii redditur,

id. As. 1, 2, 2;

deorum indulgentiam,

Plin. Pan. 74, 5:

amorem,

Suet. Calig. 3:

omnium voluntatem,

id. Tit. 1 dies qui primus videre Promeruit nasci mundum, Sedul. 5, 318.—

Esp., to deserve of one any thing (good or bad); constr. usu. with de or absol., rarely with acc.:

numquam referre gratiam possum satis, proinde ut tu promeritus de me,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 12:

paratiores erunt ad bene de multis promerendum,

Cic. Off 2, 15, 53.—

Transf., to acquire, gain, earn, get, win homines tenues unum habent in nostrum ordinem aut promerendi aut proferendi beneficii losum, Cic. Mur. 34, 70 socios, Suet. Aug. 3:

principem,

Plin. Pan. 62:

ego te numquam negabo Promeritam,

Verg. A. 4, 335:

per hostias deos laevos,

i. e. to render favorable, to propitiate, Arn. 7, 229; cf. pass.:

talibus enim hostiis promeretur Deus,

is won, conciliated, Vulg. Heb. 13, 6.—Hence, prō-mĕrĭtum, i, n, desert (good or evil), merit. —In good sense, Pac. ap. Non. 307, 10 (Trag. Rel. p. 79 Rib.); Lucr 2, 651; Cic. Red. ad Quir. 4, 8; Ov. F 4, 394.—In bad sense, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 49; Auct. B. Afr. 90.

prō-mĕrĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a., and prō-mĕrĕor, ĭtus, 2, v. dep. a.

To deserve, be deserving of, merit, in a good or bad sense (class.)

In gen.:

retineri nequeo, quin dicam ea, quae promeres,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 15; id. Am. 5, 2, 12:

quid mali sum promeritus,

id. ib. 2, 1, 20:

ita velim me promerentem ames,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 47:

reus levius punitus quam sit ille promeritus,

Cic. Inv 2, 28, 83:

poenam,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 63.—In a good sense:

promeruisti, ut ne quid ores, quin impetres,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 41:

promerenti optime hoccine pretii redditur,

id. As. 1, 2, 2;

deorum indulgentiam,

Plin. Pan. 74, 5:

amorem,

Suet. Calig. 3:

omnium voluntatem,

id. Tit. 1 dies qui primus videre Promeruit nasci mundum, Sedul. 5, 318.—

Esp., to deserve of one any thing (good or bad); constr. usu. with de or absol., rarely with acc.:

numquam referre gratiam possum satis, proinde ut tu promeritus de me,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 12:

paratiores erunt ad bene de multis promerendum,

Cic. Off 2, 15, 53.—

Transf., to acquire, gain, earn, get, win homines tenues unum habent in nostrum ordinem aut promerendi aut proferendi beneficii losum, Cic. Mur. 34, 70 socios, Suet. Aug. 3:

principem,

Plin. Pan. 62:

ego te numquam negabo Promeritam,

Verg. A. 4, 335:

per hostias deos laevos,

i. e. to render favorable, to propitiate, Arn. 7, 229; cf. pass.:

talibus enim hostiis promeretur Deus,

is won, conciliated, Vulg. Heb. 13, 6.—Hence, prō-mĕrĭtum, i, n, desert (good or evil), merit. —In good sense, Pac. ap. Non. 307, 10 (Trag. Rel. p. 79 Rib.); Lucr 2, 651; Cic. Red. ad Quir. 4, 8; Ov. F 4, 394.—In bad sense, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 49; Auct. B. Afr. 90.

prō-vŏco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n., to call forth, call out.

Lit.

In gen. (very rare):

aliquem,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 43:

ut ubi illaec prodeat, me provoces,

id. Mil. 4, 3, 28; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 40:

mandant, ut ad se provocet Simonidem,

Phaedr. 4, 23, 25:

dum rota Luciferi provocet orta diem,

lead up, call forth, Tib. 1, 9, 62:

Memnonis mater roseo provocet ore diem,

Ov. P. 1, 4, 58; cf. id. F. 1, 456:

provocare et elicere novas radiculas,

Col. 3, 15, 5.—

In partic.

To call out, challenge, invite one to any thing (as to play, sing, drink, fight, etc.):

provocat me in aleam,

challenged me to a game, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 75:

pedibus,

to a race, id. Ep. 5, 1, 58:

aliquem tesseris,

Macr. S. 1, 10:

aliquem cantatum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 53:

aliquem ad pugnam,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 22, 49; cf. Liv. 8, 7, and Flor. 2, 17, 11 Duker: duces nec prohibere paucos temere provocantis volebant, nec, etc., Liv. 23, 16, 4:

et oleo et mero viros provocant,

Sen. Ep. 95, 21:

aliquem ad bibendum,

Vop. Firm. 4.—

In jurid. lang., to take a cause before a higher court, to appeal, make an appeal; in this signif. usually neutr., ad aliquem; act. only post-class., with the judge to whom the appeal is made as object (cf. appello).

Neutr.:

ut de majestate damnati ad populum provocent,

Cic. Phil. 1, 9, 21; cf.: quam id rectum sit, tu judicabis;

ne ad Catonem quidem provocabo,

id. Att. 6, 1, 7:

provoco ad populum,

Liv. 8, 33:

arreptus a viatore, Provoco, inquit,

I appeal, id. 3, 56:

si a duumviris provocarit, provocatione certato,

id. 1, 26, 6; 3, 56:

ab omni judicio poenāque provocari licere,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 54.—

Act., to appeal to a judge (post-class.):

si judicem provocent,

Dig. 8, 28, 6:

si praefectus urbi judicem dederit, ipse erit provocandus, qui eum judicem dederit,

ib. 49, 3, 1.—Also:

provocare judicium ad populum,

to bring the decision before the people by appeal, Val. Max. 8, 1, 1;

rarely, aliquem ad judicem,

to cite, summon before, App. Flor. p. 360, 24.—

Trop.

To challenge to a contest, to contend with, emulate, rival, vie with (post-Aug.):

aliquem virtute,

to vie with him in virtue, Plin. Ep. 2, 7, 4:

elegia Graecos provocamus,

Quint. 10, 1, 93; cf.:

ea pictura naturam ipsam provocavit,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 94.—Of things, Plin. 16, 8, 12, § 32:

immensum latus Circi templorum pulchritudinem provocat,

id. Pan. 51, 3.—

To challenge, incite, provoke to any thing:

felicitas temporum, quae bonam conscientiam civium tuorum ad usum indulgentiae tuae provocat,

Plin. Ep. 10, 12 (7) fin.:

omni comitate ad hilaritatem et jocum provocare,

Suet. Calig. 27; id. Claud. 21:

tacentes ad communionem sermonis,

id. Aug. 74.—

To excite, stimulate, exasperate, stir up, rouse with any thing (class.;

syn.: irrito, lacesso): qui non solum a me provocatus sed etiam suā sponte solet, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 3:

aliquem beneficio,

id. Off. 1, 15, 48:

sermonibus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 74:

minis et verbis,

Tac. H. 3, 24:

bello,

id. ib. 4, 17:

injuriā,

id. A. 14, 49 et saep.:

ad iracundiam,

Vulg. Isa. 63, 10; id. Deut. 4, 25. —

To call forth, occasion, produce, cause:

officia comitate,

Tac. H. 5, 1:

mortem tot modis,

Plin. 19, praef. 1, §

5: bellum,

Tac. G. 35; Plin. Pan. 16.—

(Acc. to I. B. 2.) To appeal to any thing, to cite as authority or proof (late Lat.):

ad litteras Pudentillae,

App. Mag. 84, p. 326, 40:

ad Judaeorum Codices provocare,

Aug. Serm. 202, 3.

quătĭo, no perf., quassum, 3, v. a. [Sanscr. root, cyu-, to move, set in motion; cf. Gr. skeuos, instrument; skeuazô, to prepare], to shake (class.; syn.: concutio, convello).

Lit.

In gen., Fest. p. 261 Müll.:

cum equus magnā vi caput quateret,

Liv. 8, 7:

alas,

Verg. A. 3, 226:

pennas,

Ov. M. 4, 676; Hor. C. 3, 29, 53:

aquas,

to agitate, disturb, Ov. H. 18, 48:

cymbala,

Verg. G. 4, 64:

catenas,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 5: caput. Ov. F. 6, 400:

comas,

id. H. 14, 40:

quercum huc illuc,

id. M. 12, 329.—

Of earthquakes: quatitur terrae motibus Ide,

Ov. M. 12, 521:

quid quateret terras,

id. ib. 15, 71:

quatiens terram fragor,

Sil. 1, 536.—

Of the ground, by treading, marching, etc.: campum,

Verg. A. 11, 875:

campos,

id. ib. 11, 513; Sil. 1, 297:

quatitur tellus pondere,

id. 4, 199:

sonitu quatit ungula campum,

Verg. A. 8, 596:

pede ter humum,

Hor. C. 4, 1, 28:

pede terram,

id. ib. 1, 4, 7:

quatitur certamine circus,

Sil. 16, 323. —

In partic.

Of arms, weapons, reins, etc., to wield, brandish, ply, hold:

securim,

Verg. A. 11, 656:

ensem,

Sil. 1, 429:

aegida,

id. 12, 336:

scuta,

Tac. H. 2, 22:

hastam,

Petr. 124:

lora,

Sil. 16, 415; 16, 440:

largas habenas,

id. 17, 542:

verbera (i. e. flagella),

Verg. Cul. 218.—

Of the body, breast, limbs, etc., to agitate, shake, cause to tremble, etc.:

horror Membra quatit,

Verg. A. 3, 29:

anhelitus artus et ora quatit,

id. ib. 5, 199:

tussis pulmonem quatit,

Sil. 14, 601:

terror praecordia,

id. 2, 254:

pectora quatit gemitu,

Val. Fl. 5, 310.—

To beat, strike, drive:

homo quatietur certe cum dono foras,

to beat out of doors, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 67:

Arctophylax prae se quatit Arctum, Cic. poët. N. I). 2, 42, 109: cursu quatere equum,

Verg. G. 3, 132; Sil. 12, 254.—Of things:

quatiunt fenestras juvenes,

Hor. C. 1, 25, 1:

scutum hastà,

Liv. 7, 26, 1. —

To shake, beat, or break in pieces, to batter, shatter:

urbis moenia ariete quatere,

Liv. 21, 10:

muros,

Verg. A. 2, 610:

muros arietibus,

Liv. 38, 10:

turres tremendā cuspide,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 7:

tecta quatiuntur,

Plin. Pan. 51, 1:

externas arces,

Sil. 2, 300:

Pergama,

id. 13, 36; cf.:

tonitru quatiuntur caerula caeli,

Lucr. 6, 96. —

Trop., to agitate, more, touch, affect, excite:

est in animis tenerum quiddam quod aegritudine quasi tempestate quatiatur,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 12: mentem, Hor. C. 1, 16, 5:

nec vultus tyranni Mente quatit solidā (justum virum),

id. ib. 3, 3, 4:

non ego te Invitum quatiam,

id. ib. 1, 18, 12:

quatiunt oracula Colchos,

Val. Fl. 1, 743:

famā oppida,

id. 2, 122:

quatit castra clamor,

Sil. 3, 231:

tumultus pectora quatit,

Sen. Thyest. 260:

ingenium,

Tac. H. 1, 23:

animum,

Gell. 9, 13, 5:

cum altissima quaterentur, hic inconcussus stetit,

Plin. Pan. 94, 3. —

In partic., to plague, vex, harass:

quatere oppida bello,

Verg. A. 9, 608:

extrema Galliarum,

Tac. H. 4, 28. — Hence, quassus, a, um, P. a.

Lit., shaken, beaten, or broken in pieces, battered, shattered:

aula quassa,

a broken pot, Plaut. Curc. 3, 26:

muri,

Liv. 26, 51:

naves,

id. 25, 3:

faces,

i. e. pieces of pine-wood split up for torches, Ov. M. 3, 508:

rates,

shattered, leaky, Hor. C. 4, 8, 32; 1, 1, 18:

murra,

Ov. M. 15, 399:

lectus,

id. H. 11, 78:

harundo,

Petr. 69:

turres,

Sen. Thyest. 568; cf.:

multo tempora quassa mero,

Ov. R. Am. 146; cf. quasso, I. B. —

Trop.:

quassā voce,

in a broken voice, Curt. 7, 7, 20:

littera,

Quint. 12, 10, 29:

anima quassa malis,

broken down, exhausted, worn out, Sen. Herc. Fur. 1308:

quasso imperio,

Sil. 15, 7.

rĕ-curro, curri (recucurrit, only Paul. Nol. Carm. 27, 99), 3, v. n., to run back, hasten back (class.).

Lit.:

ego ad anum recurro rursum,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 50; cf.: recurrit rursus ad Hispalim Caesar, Auct. B. Hisp. 40 fin.:

ad me,

Cic. Att. 2, 11, 1; Hor. Epod. 5, 75; cf. id. S. 2, 6, 31:

ad raedam,

Cic. Mil. 10, 29:

in Tusculanum,

id. Att. 13, 47 fin.:

in arcem,

Liv. 4, 55:

rure,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 127:

recipe te et recurre,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 8:

jam huc recurret,

Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 10:

luna tum crescendo, tum defectionibus in initia recurrendo,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 50; cf. Tib. 2, 4, 18:

ad fontem Xanthi versa recurret aqua,

Ov. H. 5, 30; cf.:

in suos fontes versa aqua,

id. Am. 2, 1, 26.— Poet., of the revolving of the sun, * Verg. A. 7, 100;

and of the year,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 147.—With a homogeneous object:

coeptum saepe recurrat iter,

Ov. A. A. 3, 360. —

Trop.

In gen., to come back, turn back, return, revert, recur:

cur posteris amplior honor quam majoribus haberetur? curve non retro quoque recurreret aequitas eadem?

Plin. Pan. 38 fin.; cf. Quint. 5, 9, 6:

naturam expellas furca, tamen usque recurret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 24:

mox Bruma recurrit iners,

id. C. 4, 7, 12; cf.:

recurrat versa hiems,

Ov. F. 2, 854:

valetudines anniversariae ac tempore certo recurrentes,

Suet. Aug. 81:

ad easdem conditiones,

Caes. B. C. 2, 16 fin.; cf.:

uti eo recurrant,

id. ib. 85, 4:

cum ea unde generata, quo recurrant, viderit,

whither they return, Cic. Leg. 1, 23, 61; Vell. 2, 4, 7. — With dat.:

haec appellatio memoriae recurret,

will recur to memory, Plin. Pan. 88 fin. (with admoneri and recordari):

recurrentes versus = reciproci,

Sid. Ep. 8, 11; 9, 14. —

In partic., pregn., to have recourse to, to resort, recur to any thing (very rare;

usu. decurro, q. v.): ad eam rationem recurrunt, ut, etc.,

Quint. 1, 6, 13; so, ad eos auctores, etc., id. prooem. § 17.