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61 Herculano, Alexandre
(1810-1877)One of Portugal's greatest historians and one of its giants in 19th-century writing and literature. Born in Lisbon to a middle-class family, Herculano studied commerce and diplomacy. At age 21, he enlisted in the liberal armed forces of King Pedro IV but was forced to flee to exile in Great Britain and then France. Later, he was part of the victorious liberal expeditionary force that landed near Oporto. He began his serious studies in Oporto, but soon relocated to Lisbon, where he worked as a journalist. In 1839, he was named to the post of director of the Royal Library at Ajudá Palace and at Necessidades Palace, and thus began to prepare to write his classic work, História de Portugal, a major study that when completed took the history of the country only up to the end of the 13th century. The first volume of this work, with which his fame as a historian is most closely associated, was published in 1846, but Herculano was a versatile writer who wrote novels, essays, and poetry as well as history.In addition to being a man of words, he was a man of action who was active in exchanges with other literati and who did government service. Herculano, for example, was on the commission that revised the civil code of Portugal. His histori cal writings influenced future generations of writers because of his literary style, because he broke through the legend and myth that had surrounded ancient and medieval Portuguese history, and above all because of his objective, scientific approach to research and conclusions. Dissatisfied with politics and public life, Herculano retired to a farm in the country (at Vale de Lobos) in 1859 and worked as a farmer until 1866. -
62 Housing
In a country with a chronic housing shortage, it is ironic that Portugal has preserved and restored one of Europe's finest collections of historic castles and palaces. For decades, well before the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal has endured a shortage of decent, affordable housing, whether rented or purchased, as well as the growth of sprawling urban shantytowns outside Lisbon, Oporto, and smaller towns such as Estoril. Known as bairros da lata, literally, "neighborhoods or boroughs of tin," these poorly constructed dwellings lack electricity, water, or sewage systems. The flimsy buildings are made of any kind of building materials, including sheets of galvanized tin that serve as roofs, walls, and doors. As of the early 1980s, it was estimated that there were at least 700,000 illegally constructed buildings in Portugal, some 200,000 of which were in the greater Lisbon area, an example of the worst kind of urban sprawl. Many of these structures were built on unused private lands or on public lands.Even after Portugal's economy began to benefit from membership in the European Economic Community (EEC; later the European Union), a significant portion of housing remained substandard, whether in rural or urban areas. By the early 1990s, electrification in rural areas was still not complete, and running water and sewage systems were lacking. As of the early 21st century, improvement in housing has occurred, but with population growth and the arrival of migrants from Europe, Brazil, and former colonies in Africa, the basic components of a housing crisis persist: shortage of decent rental or purchased housings; persistent urban shantytowns, which in some areas have expanded; and substandard living conditions.A majority of the Portuguese people (60 percent; and in Lisbon and Oporto, 80 percent) rent their housing. Improving or expanding such rental housing has been challenging in part because of rigid recent control laws that, between 1948 and 1985, tended to discourage either the maintenance and improvement or the construction of apartments. In suburbs outside Lisbon, large apartment houses were built after 1980 for the more prosperous new urbanites, but, as in the past, the supply of good, affordable housing lagged behind demand. Many Portuguese governments confronted and engaged the housing problem, and some excellent reforms were instituted. The contemporary housing crisis nevertheless persists and, after 2007, was complicated by the worldwide economic crisis. -
63 Pousadas
Government-sponsored inns similar to Spain's paradores. In 1942, Portugal initiated a system of state-run inns, pousadas, housed in restored, historic castles, convents, manor houses, palaces, and monasteries. By 2008, this system included more than forty pousadas or inns in every region of the country and in the Azores Islands. Recently, the government-owned system came under the management of Pestana Hotels, a private group. Such tourist habitations with reasonable nightly rates have been in high demand and feature antique, period furnishings and restaurants with Portuguese cuisine. Most are located in or near towns or cities with other historic places and sites. A source of information for travelers is the official website, at www.pousadas.pt.Agueda Santo AntonioAlcácer Do Sal Dom Afonso IIAlijo Baráo de ForresterAlmeida Senhoras Das NevesAlvito Castelo De AlvitoAmares Sta. Maria Do BouroArraiolos N. Sra. Da AssuncaoBatalha Mestre De DominguesBeja São FranciscoBragança São BartolomeuCaramulo São JerónimoCondeixa-a-Nova Santa CristinaCrato Flor Da Rosa Elvas Santa Luzia Estremoz Rainha Santa Isabel Évora LoiosGeres/Canicada São Bento Guimarães N. Sa. Da Oliveira Guimarães Santa Marinha Marao São Goncalo Manteigas São Lourenco Marvao Santa Maria Miranda Do Douro Santa Catarina Monsanto Monsanto Murtosa/Aveiro Ria Obidos Castelo Palmela PalmelaPovoa Das Quartas Santa Barbara Queluz/Lisboa Dona Maria I Sagres InfanteSta. Clara-A-Velha Santa ClaraSantiago Do Cacem Quinta Da OrtigaSantiago Do Cacem São TiagoS. Pedro/Castelo De Bode São PedroSão Bras De Alportel São BrasSerpa São GensSetubal São FilipeSousel São MiguelTorrao Vale Do GaioValenca Do Minho São TeotónioViana Do Castelo Monte Santa LuziaV. Nova De Cerveira Dom DinisVila Vicosa Dom João IVAngra do Heroísmo (Terceira Island) Forte S. Sebastião Horta (Faial Island) Forte S. CruzThe history of displaying nativity scenes, portraying the birth of Christ in a manger, goes back in Catholic tradition at least to Christmas 1223, when Saint Francis of Assisi arranged a nativity scene with live figures in a town in Italy, but scholars confirm that this Christmas tradition in the arts is much older than the 13th century. Figurines depicting the Holy Family in nativity scenes were made of various materials, including wood, precious metals, and ceramics. In Portugal, an artistic tradition of making and displaying presepios in or near churches, chapels, and cathedrals reached its zenith in the arts in the 18th century during the long reign of King João V (1706-50). In the Baroque era, an artistic tradition that arrived somewhat late in Portugal, the most celebrated and talented of the nativity scene artists was the 18th-century Coimbra sculptor, Joaquim Machado de Castro (1751/2-1822), but there were other great artists in this field as well. The 18th century's most celebrated sculptor, Machado de Castro created the famous equestrian bronze statue of King José I, in Commerce Square, Lisbon. During the time of Machado de Castro's time, the ceramic nativity scene comprised of large figures and elaborate scenery became a cult, and many nativity scenes were made.Today, many of these historic artistic creations, with a strong basis in Christian tradition, can be viewed in various Portuguese museums, palaces, and churches. Some of the most famous larger nativity scenes, including those lovingly created by Machado de Castro of Coimbra, are found on display at Christmas and other times in the Estrela Basilica, the Palace of Necessidades, the Palace of Queluz, the Church of Madre de Deus, the Cathedral in Lisbon, and in other religious or museum buildings in Lisbon, Oporto, and other towns in Portugal. The ceramic nativity scene is not only sacred art but also evolved as folk and now tourist art, as Portuguese nativity scenes, with figures smaller than in the Baroque treasures on display of Machado de Castro, are for sale in a number of stores, as well as in some churches in Lisbon, Oporto, Estremoz, Évora, and other cities. The styles of the nativity scenes vary by region, by town, and by artist, and many include not only sacred figures of the story of the birth of Christ but also traditional, rural, folk figurines depicting Portuguese rural occupations from the 18th and 19th century, as well as figures from stories from the Bible. The ceramic materials of which these figures of varying sizes are made include variations of terracotta. -
64 Sá Carneiro, Francisco Lumbralles
(1934-1980)Important political leader in the early years of post-1974 Portugal. Trained and educated as a lawyer at the University of Lisbon Law School, he was an up-and-coming young lawyer and liberal Catholic activist in the 1960s. A practicing lawyer in Oporto, Sá Carneiro was selected to be one of a number of younger deputies in the National Assembly during the brief "opening" phase of Prime Minister Marcello Caetano's period of the Estado Novo. He became a deputy upon consenting to adhere to two conditions for his selection; namely, maintaining Portugal's colonial policy in Africa and advocating "social peace" through reforms. But he refused to join the regime's official movement, the União Nacional. Soon discouraged by the continued intransigence of the conservative forces still controlling regime policy, despite the efforts of Caetano during 1968-70, Sá Carneiro and several others of the recently appointed deputies resigned their posts and went into opposition.Following the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Sá Carneiro and colleagues founded the Social Democrat Party (PSD). The highly respected lawyer and spokesman for centrist views became fully involved in the unstable politics of the early Revolutionary period. Named prime minister in January 1980, Sá Carneiro became the political man of the hour in Portugal. The PSD under Sá Carneiro leadership formed the core of a right of center electoral coalition named the Democratic Alliance (AD), which was composed of the PSD, Christian Democratic Party (CDS), and PPM during theDecember 1979 interim parliamentary elections. The AD won the election and Sá Carneiro became prime minister. The regular October 1980 legislative elections, which the AD won, reaffirmed the AD's strength as a coalition. Anxious to consolidate political power by having a president who favored AD policies in office and eager to have the AD candidate, General Soares Carneiro, defeat the incumbent, President Ramalho Eanes, Sá Carneiro undertook a vigorous campaign in the presidential elections set for 7 December 1980. On 4 December, bound for Oporto campaign stops, Sá Carneiro's plane crashed and burned only a short distance from the Lisbon airport. Seven official investigations of the crash have not reached definitive conclusions, and the cause of the crash remains a mystery.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Sá Carneiro, Francisco Lumbralles
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65 апорт I
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66 Порту
( город) Porto, Oporto -
67 Pôrto
см. Opòrto -
68 (г.) Опорто
Geography: Oporto -
69 (г.) Порту
Geography: Oporto (Португалия), Porto (Португалия) -
70 г. Опорто
Geography: Oporto -
71 Опорто
Geography: (г.) Oporto -
72 Порту
Geography: (г.) Oporto (Португалия), (г.) Porto (Португалия) -
73 distinguishable
adjective distinguibletr[dɪ'stɪŋgwɪʃəbəl]1 distinguible\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be distinguishable (from somebody/something) distinguirse (de alguien/algo)distinguishable [dɪs'tɪŋgwɪʃəbəl] adj: distinguibleadj.• distinguible adj.dɪ'stɪŋgwɪʃəbəlto be distinguishable (FROM something/somebody) — distinguirse* (de algo/alguien)
b) ( discernible)to be distinguishable — distinguirse*
[dɪs'tɪŋɡwɪʃǝbl]ADJ1) (=possible to differentiate) distinguiblethe two types are easily distinguishable — los dos tipos son fácilmente distinguibles, los dos tipos se distinguen fácilmente
distinguishable groups such as the disabled — grupos que se pueden diferenciar, como los minusválidos
•
this vintage port is distinguishable by its deep red colour — este oporto añejo se caracteriza por su color rojo oscuro•
the copy is barely distinguishable from the original — la copia apenas puede distinguirse del originalshe is barely distinguishable from her younger sister — casi no se la puede distinguir de su hermana menor
2) (=discernible)to be clearly distinguishable — [landmark, shape] distinguirse claramente or fácilmente
* * *[dɪ'stɪŋgwɪʃəbəl]to be distinguishable (FROM something/somebody) — distinguirse* (de algo/alguien)
b) ( discernible)to be distinguishable — distinguirse*
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74 vino
Del verbo venir: ( conjugate venir) \ \
vino es: \ \3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativoMultiple Entries: venir vino
venir ( conjugate venir) verbo intransitivo 1 ¿a qué vino? what did he come by o around for?; vine dormida todo el tiempo I slept (for) the whole journey; vino por or (Esp) a por algn/algo to come for sb/sth, come to pick sb/sth up; la vino a buscar su madre her mother came to pick her up; ven a ver esto come and see this no vengas tarde don't be late home o backc) ( salir):no me vengas con exigencias don't start making demands 2a) ( tener lugar):¿qué viene después de las noticias? what's on after the news?; ya vendrán tiempos mejores things will get betterb) ( indicando procedencia) vino de algo to come from sth;le viene de familia it runs in his family; ¿a qué viene eso? why do you say that?d) ( estar incluido):no viene nada sobre la huelga there's nothing about the strike 3 ( convenir): el jueves no me viene bien Thursday's no good for me; me vendría bien un descanso I could do with a rest 4 ( como aux): hace mucho que lo venía diciendo I'd been saying so all along venirse verbo pronominal ( enf) vinose abajo [ persona] to go to pieces; [ techo] to fall in, collapse; [ estante] to collapse; [ ilusiones] to go up in smoke; [ proyectos] to fall through
vino sustantivo masculino ( bebida) wine;◊ vino dulce/seco sweet/dry wine;vino blanco/rosado/tinto white/rosé/red wine; vino de la casa house wine
venir verbo intransitivo
1 to come
ven y mira lo que he dibujado, come and see what I've drawn
2 (llegar) to come: viene el invierno, winter is coming
acaba de venir de la tienda, he's just come from the shop
3 (volver) to come back: vengo en un minuto, I'll be back in a minute
4 (proceder) to come from: estos juguetes vienen de China, these toys come from China
5 (surgir, sobrevenir) me vino la gripe, I went down with flu (suceder) entonces vino la guerra civil, then came the civil war
6 (quedar) este jersey me viene grande, this sweater is too big for me
7 (aparecer, presentarse) to come: esa información viene en el capítulo dos, that information comes in chapter two
¿viene algo del terremoto?, is there anything about the earthquake?
viene en un estuche verde, it comes in a green case
8 (indicando aproximación) este libro viene a tener unos cien años, this book must be about a hundred years old Locuciones: venir al mundo, to be born
venir de lejos, to come from afar
vino sustantivo masculino wine
vino de mesa, table wine
vino espumoso, sparkling wine
vino rosado/clarete, rosé
vino tinto/blanco/dulce, red/white/sweet wine ' vino' also found in these entries: Spanish: afrutada - afrutado - añeja - añejo - aroma - ayuda - bar - bautizar - bebible - bodega - bota - cabeza - cabezón - cabezona - caja - caldo - cava - cielo - comarca - concesión - copa - criar - de - envejecer - escanciar - espumosa - espumoso - evanescente - excelente - fantástica - fantástico - fina - fino - fogosidad - generosa - generoso - granada - granado - idea - innegablemente - intención - ligue - manzanilla - ninguna - ninguno - obviedad - oporto - pan - picada - picado English: appreciate - appreciation - averse - awfully - barrel - best - body - boot - bottle - bottled - bouquet - Burgundy - butt - case - cave in - cellar - champagne - chill - come along - crack - disagree - dry wine - fall apart - full-bodied - fuzzy - glass - go - go around - goblet - godsend - heady - hunt - last - leave - little - mature - mellow - minus - never - nobody - old - over - plonk - pop in - port - pour out - prefer - pretext - quarter - red['viːnǝʊ]N vinacho * m, morapio m (Sp) * -
75 entonarse
1 (engreírse) to give oneself airs, be conceited* * *VPR1) (=mejorarse)toma, un cafecito para entonarte — here's a nice cup of coffee to pick o perk you up
2) * (=animarse) to perk up3) (=engreírse) to get arrogant, give o.s. airs* * *vprFam1. [al beber] to perk up;se entonaba con una copa de oporto he would take a glass of port as a pick-me-up o to perk himself up;yo con dos copas ya me entono after two glasses I start to feel merry2. [recuperarse] to rally, to bounce back* * * -
76 апорт
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77 port
англ., сущ.порто, портвейн (креплёное вино, изготавливается путём добавления спирта в сусло, в результате чего дрожжи погибают и ферментация останавливается, получается сладкое вино, красное, а иногда белое (из белых сортов винограда), с высоким содержанием алкоголя (19-20%); название происходит от Oporto (рус. Порто) — второго по величине города в Португалии, в регионе Дору, который и специализируется на производстве портвейна)See: -
78 апорт
............................................................1. Oporto apple............................................................2. fetch! -
79 Опорто
ngener. (г.) Oporto, (г.) Porto -
80 Порту
( город) Porto, Oporto
См. также в других словарях:
Oporto — • Diocese in Portugal Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Oporto Oporto † Catholic Enc … Catholic encyclopedia
OPORTO — OPORTO, port city in northern Portugal, on the Douro River. Oporto had a vibrant Jewish community before the establishment of the Portuguese kingdom in 1143. One of its three Jewish neighborhoods was called Monte dos Judeus (Jews Hill). The… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Oporto — Forma tradicional española del nombre de esta ciudad de Portugal: «Regresó de su paseo de cada tarde con una botella de vino de Oporto» (RzZafón Sombra [Esp. 2001]). No debe usarse en español la forma portuguesa Porto. Cuando se usa, como nombre… … Diccionario panhispánico de dudas
oporto — sustantivo masculino 1. (no contable) Vino, de sabor ligeramente dulce, propio de esta localidad portuguesa y de su comarca, que se acostumbra a servir como aperitivo: A Santi le gusta mucho el oporto. 2. Medida de este vino contenida en una copa … Diccionario Salamanca de la Lengua Española
oporto — m. Vino de color oscuro y sabor ligeramente dulce, fabricado principalmente en Oporto, ciudad de Portugal … Diccionario de la lengua española
Oporto [1] — Oporto, Stadt, so v.w. Porto … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Oporto [2] — Oporto, Herzog von O., Titel des Prinzen Louis Philipp von Portugal (s.d. Geneal.) … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Oporto — Oporto, Stadt, s. Porto … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Oporto — (d.h. der Hafen), Porto, Hauptstadt der portug. Prov. Minho, zweite Stadt des Landes [Karte: Spanien und Portugal I, 4], am Duero (Douro), 5 km oberhalb von dessen Mündung, (1900) 167.955 E., Kathedrale, altgot. Kirche (559 gegründet), königl.… … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Oporto — Oporto, auch Porto, die zweite Stadt Portugals, in deren herrlichen Umgebungen der göttliche Camoens das Elysium der Alten findet, liegt in einem engen, fruchtbaren Thale an beiden Ufern des Duoro, eine halbe Stunde von seiner Mündung, und hat 80 … Damen Conversations Lexikon
Oporto — Oporto, Porto, die 2. Stadt Portugals, oberhalb der Dueromündung, fest, hat einen guten Hafen, jedoch mit beschwerlichem Eingang, 81000 E., Fabrikation, sehr bedeutenden Handel, der aber meistens in fremden Händen ist; die Hauptausfuhr besteht in … Herders Conversations-Lexikon