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101 ἴα
ἴαGrammatical information: f.,Meaning: `one and the same', also `(the) one' as opposed to `the other' (Il.); `the one' (Gortyn).Other forms: acc. ἴαν (Il., ξ 435). Incidental forms, partly doubtful, in Lesb., Thessal., Boeot. [Corinn.] and in Hp. Morb. 4, 37), gen. ἰῆς, dat. ἰῃ̃ (Il.); further dat. n. ἰῳ̃ (Ζ 422), acc. m. ἰόν (IG 5 [1] 1390, 126, Messen. Ia, after Ζ 422; not quite certain), dat. m. ἰῳ̃ (Gortyn)Origin: IE [Indo-European] [282] *i- pron. `he, she'Etymology: Old pronoun (numeral?) without agreement outside Greek, origin. only fem., in inflexion adapted to μία. Prob. inflected form of *i-. Several proposals (e. g. to Lat. is) in Schwyzer 588. (Not to the pron. ἰός, Ruigh Lingua 28 (1971) 172: Homère a fabriqué la forme artificielle ἰῳ̃, only Z 422.)Page in Frisk: 1,702Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴα
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102 ἰσχίον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `hip-joint, haunches' (Il.).Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in ἐξ-ίσχιος `standing out from the h.' (Hp.), εὑ-ίσχιος `with beautiful h.' (hell. poetry).Derivatives: Dimin. ἰσχάριον (Hero); ἰσχιακός `belonging to the h.' (Thphr.); ἰσχιάς, - άδος f. (sc. νόσος) `pain in the h.' (Hp.) with ἰσχιαδικός (medic.), as plant-name = λευκάκανθα (Dsc., as remedy against ἰσχιάς, Strömberg Theophrastea 194); ἰσχίᾱσις = ἰσχιάς (medic.; as if from *ἰσχιάω, Schwyzer 505 and 732); denomin. verb ἰσχιάζω ( ἰσχιάδδειν H.; Lac.) `bend the h.' (Prokop., Suid., Phot., H.; uncertain Gal. 18 [1] 786).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: No etym. - If ἴσχι ὀσφύς H. is correct, the formation agrees with ἄλφι, μέλι and Skt. names for parts of he body like sákthi `thigh-bone', ásthi `bone' [but these prob. have -i \< -H]. Against identification of ἴσχι and sákthi (Meringer Beitr. 3, Schulze Kl. Schr. 710 n. 8) Sommer Sprachgeschichte und Wortbedeutung 426 n. 2. (Doubtful Grošelj Razprave 2, 10 to OHG hlanca `hip': OE hlanc `schlank, mager' connecting ἰσχίον to ἰσχνός; but hlanca starts from `to bend' (NHG lenken), and the formation remains unclear. - Fur. 393 connects ἰξῡ́ς, which seems quite possible: metathesis in the latter; one might assume *ikty-, cf. on ἴξαλ-ος; also Pre-Greek had several words in -ι, which is very rare in inherited Greek (Beekes, Pre-Greek, 3.1b.)Page in Frisk: 1,741Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰσχίον
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103 κᾱραβος
κά̄ραβοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: 1. `a prickly crustacean' (Epich., Ar., Arist.; cf. Thompson Fishes s. v.), metaph. a light canoo (EM); 2. `a horned beetle' (Arist.).Other forms: σκορόβυλος κάνθαρος H.Derivatives: καραβίς `kind of sea-crab' (Gal., Sch.), καράβιον = ἐφόλκιον (H. s. ἐφόλκια, sch.); prob. also καραβαία δίκρουν ξύλον H. (s. Grošelj Razprave 2, 11). - Beside it κηραφίς = καραβίς (Nic. Al. 394) (sec. after the names in - φ(ο)-; and epic language imitating η for α?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unknown; cf. Cohen BSL 27 (1927) 100, wo gives several similar Arabic words. Acc. to Bq s. v. - βος un-Greek (Macedonian) for Gr. - φος \< IE. - bho-. Fur. (index s.v.) connects several words; first there is καρβάρεοι κάραβοι; then there is a prenasalized form καράμβιος (Ar. Byz. Epit. 9, 11; v.l. Arist. HA 551b17), and κεράμβυξ s.v. (Nic. Fr. 39, H.) and κεράμβηλον Η. (- ηλο- is well known from Pre-Greek), which cannot be derived from κέρας (as Frisk suggests). He further posits *σκαραβαῖος on the basis of Lat. scarabaeus, which seems unavoidable. The form σκορόβυλος no doubt continues *σκαραβ-υλ-, where the α's turned to - ο- before the - υ- in the following syllable (Fur. 340 discusses the phenomenon, but did not see that it operated here); so here we have evidence for σκαραβ. Then there is γραψαῖος (Diph. Siph. ap. Ath. 3, 106d) = κάραβος, which he assumes to stand for *γαρψαῖος (doubtful, s.v.). Further s. on σκορπίος (which in my view does not belong here). It is clear that we have here a Pre-Greek word with several of its usual variants. So we have * (s)karab-. - From κάραβος Lat. cārabus `crab', `small boat' (with Rom., e. g. Fr. caravelle) and a Slavic word for `ship', e. g. Russ. koráblь; s. Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v. with lit. and crit.Page in Frisk: 1,785Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κᾱραβος
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104 κάρδαμον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `nose-smart', `Lepidium sativum' (X., Ar.).Other forms: Also παρδαμάλη (Phot.).Compounds: As 1. member in καρδάμωμον, haplological for καρδαμ-άμωμον n. `cardamum' (Thphr., Dsc.; on the formation Schwyzer 263).Derivatives: καρδαμίς = κάρδαμον (Nic., Plu.; after κεδρίς a. o., Chantraine Formation 343); καρδαμίνη `id.', also = σισύμβριον a. o. (Dsc.; Chantraine 204); καρδαμάλη `Persian cake from κάρδαμον' (Trypho ap. Ath.; as ἀμυγδάλη a. o.); καρδαμίζω "talk cress", i. e. `talk nonsense' (Nic. Th. 617). - Sideform καρδάνη `id.' (Gloss.; after βοτάνη?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Among the plant names in - αμον (Schwyzer 494, Chantraine 133) there are several clear loan-words, so will be κάρδαμον. Doubtful suggestion in Strömberg Wortstudien 38: from *κάρδος = κράδος `twig' in καρδίδιον, ἀνα-, κατακάρδιον. Not better Grošelj Razprave 2, 41: to σκόροδον. - Skt. kardamaḥ is a further unknown plant, so connection with κάρδαμον remains uncertain\/improbable; cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s. v. - - αμον is a Pre-Greek suffix, Fur. 64 n. 269. The word has been connected with Hitt. karšani `an alcalic plant', Fur. 252.Page in Frisk: 1,786-787Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάρδαμον
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105 κάροινον
Grammatical information: n.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Anat.Etymology: Grimme Glotta 14, 19 assumes a loan from Semit. (Accad.) khurunnu `sesame-wine' (first from Hitt.); doubtful. - Note οἶνος καρύϊνος (Gal.; from Maeonia); also ἀβόλλης, χιτὼν καρόϊνος (pap.; for καρύϊνος = `nut-brown'?).Page in Frisk: 1,790Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάροινον
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106 κέρδος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `gain, profit, desire to gain, cunning, wiles' (Il.); in plur. also `good advice' (Hom.).Compounds: rarely as 1, member, e. g. κερδο-φόρος `bringing gain' (Artem.), as 2. member in αἰσχρο-κερδής `full lowly desire to gain, greedy' (IA).Derivatives: Diminutives κερδάριον, κερδύφιον (gloss.); κερδοσύνη `ruse' (Hom., Cleanth. Hymn. 1, 28; Porzig Satzinhalte 226, Wyss - συνη 27), κερδώ f. "the cunning", i. e. `the fox' (Ar., Babr.); Κέρδων, - ωνος PN (D., Argolis; from here Lat. cerdō `ordinary artisan'), also Κερδέων surn. of Hermes and Κερδείη Πειθώ (Herod. 7, 74); Κερδῳ̃ος `bringing gain' surn. of Apollon (Thessal., Lyc.; after Λητῳ̃ος), also of Hermes (Plu., Luc.), also from the fox (Babr.); κερδητικός `greedy' (gloss.). - Further κερδαλέος `greedy' (Il.) and κερδαίνω, aor. κερδῆναι, - δᾶναι, - δῆσαι `gain, have profit' (Pi., IA); hardly from an old \/ n-l\/-stem (Schwyzer 484). - Compar. forms κερδίων `more profitable' (Il.), κέρδιστος `the most cunnting' (Hom.), cf. Seiler Steigerungsformen 84.Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [579], PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin] * kerd- `gain, clever, cunning'Etymology: The only connections outside Greek are a few Celtic words: OIr. cerd (IE. * kerdā) `art, handwork', also `aerarius, figulus, poeta', Welsh cerdd `song'. - The doubtful H.-glosse κήρτεα τὰ κέρδη does hardly allow conclusions for the morphology (cf. Schwyzer 512 n. 3). See Bq, and W.-Hofmann s. cerdō; also E. Lewy FS Dornseiff 226f. Sophie Minon conects (RPh. LXXIV (2000) 271 κορδύς πανοῦργος H., which is of course not certain (s.v.). Or do κερδύφιον, κερδώ point to a Pre-Greek word?Page in Frisk: 1,829Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κέρδος
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107 κέρκα
Grammatical information: ?Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Fur. 127 compares κερ-κ- with α-κρ-ιδ-, comparing for the morphology γελ-γ-ιθ- beside α-γλ-ιθ-; at least doubtful. Hardly to κέρκος `tail', as Frisk has. The word will be Pre-Greek.See also: - S. κέρκος.Page in Frisk: 1,829Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κέρκα
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108 κέρκος
Grammatical information: f.Compounds: Compp. e. g. κερκο-φόρος `with a tail', ἄ-κερκος `tailless' (Arist.); on κέρκουρος and κέρκωψ s. v.Derivatives: The diminutives κερκίς (s. v.) and κερκίον (Aq., Sm., Thd.); also the animal's names κέρκα ἀκρίς H.(s.v.), κερκώπη name of a cicada (Ar.; Strömberg Wortstudien 16; cf. on Κέρκωπες), prob. also κέρκαξ ἱέραξ H. and (with unclear, perhaps corrupt ending) κέρκνος ἱέραξ, η ἀλεκτρυών H. (after the long or characteristic tail; κέρκος itself is glossed by H. a. o. with ἀλεκτρυών; cf. however also on κρέξ); - κέρκωσις `tail-like growth' (medic.); κερκέτης τὸ μικρὸν πηδάλιον H. (Paus. Gr. Fr. 118).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As opposed to οὑρά κέρκος, perh. prop. `stave, rod' (s. on κερκίς), seems to come from the lowly language. Origin unknown. Doubtful hypotheses (to κρέκω?, κρίκος, κίρκος?, MIr. corc `covering with hair', from *κερ-κρ-ος dissimil.?) are given by Bq (with Add. et Corr.). Rather Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,830-831Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κέρκος
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109 κήρυξ
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `herald, messenger'; also `trumpet-shell` (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. karuke \/kārūkes\/.Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in δρομο-κήρυξ `courier' (Aeschin.).Derivatives: 1. Feminine: κηρύκαινα `heraldess' (Ar. Ek. 713; moment. formation, cf. Chantraine Formation 108); 2. Patronymic: Κηρυκίδαι m. `descendants of the Athenian family of the Κήρυκες' (Poll.). 3. Adjectives: κηρύκειος `belonging to the herald' (S.), mostly ntr. κηρύκ(ε)ιον, Dor. κᾱρ-, Ion. κηρυκήϊον `herald's wand' (IA. Dor.; Lat. LW [loanword] cādūceum, - eus; cf. W.-Hofmann s. v.), also as constellation (Scherer Gestirnnamen 200); `auctioneer's fee, tax on auction sales' (hell. inscr. a. pap.); ΚαρυκήϜιος Boeot. name of Apollon (Tanagra, Thebes, VIa; Schwyzer 468); κηρυκικός `regarding the herald, town crier' (Pl.; Chantraine Étud. sur le vocab. gr. 135f.), - ινος `belonging to the herald' (pap., Suid.), - ώδης `like the trumpetshell' (Arist.). - Denomin. verbs: 1. κηρύσσω, - ύττω, κᾱρ- `be herald, broadcast, announce' (Il.) with κήρυγμα `herald's cry, announcement' (IA.), κηρυγμός (sch.), κήρυξις (D. C.) `id.'; 2. κηρυκεύω `function as herald, announce' (Att.) with κηρυκεία, - ηΐη `herald's service' (IA.), κηρύκευμα `announcement' (A. Th. 651), - ευσις `id.' (Suid.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Generally compared with Skt. kārú- `singer, poet'. Beekes, Languages in Prehist. Europe, 2003, 109-116 showed that Greek does not have a `enlargement' κ (as per Schwyzer 496; his examples are few and doubtful); then, in this way we could not explain the long υ; words with -ῡκ- all have very different meanings and are probably un-IE. Therefore the word is most probably Pre-Greek. - Unexplained was the gloss κορύγης κῆρυξ. Δωριεῖς H. As Pre-Greek only had the vowels α (ι, υ), it will have had *καρυγ- with α \> ο before following υ (note that this α will have been short), so it will be a variant of the same word.Page in Frisk: 1,845Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κήρυξ
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110 κίβδηλος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `false, adulterated', of gold, coins etc., `fraudulent' (Thgn.); negated ἀ-κίβδηλος `unadalterated' (Hdt., Pl. Lg.; vgl. Frisk Adj. priv. 14f.).Derivatives: κιβδηλία, - ίη `falsification, deceit' (Hp., Ar.) and denomin.: 1. κιβδηλεύω `falsify' (E., Ar., Arist.) with κιβδήλευμα, - λεία `falsification' (Pl. Lg.), 2. κιβδηλιάω `look like adulterated gold, have jaundice' (Arist.; after the verbs of illness in - ιάω). - Beside it κίβδης κακοῦργος, \<κά\> πηλος, χειροτέχνης H., κίβδωνες = μεταλλεῖς, `miners' (Poll., Moer.), κιβδῶνες (Phot.). - Basis κίβδος `dross of metal' (Poll.); in the same meaning also κίβδηλις H. s. κιβδηλιῶντας; on the suffix ηλο- Chantraine Formation 242, Schwyzer 484. - It remains uncertain whether κίβαλος belongs here; I see no basis to connect κίβον. - The word is of course Pre-Greek (Fur. 316). Clearly the root is κιβδ- (on the suffix - ηλο- Fur. 115 n. 5); this shows that - βδ- most probably is one phoneme; I propose it was (the voiced representative of) *py.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Term of miners without etymology (cf. on μέταλλον). Bq (with Solmsen) compares κίβον ἐνεόν. Πάφιοι H. which is also unexplained and recalls Fr. ( pierre) sourde i. e. `dull, without reflex'; Grošelj Živa Ant. 3, 200f. mentions NHG taub, Slov. gluh also `without metall' (of minerals). For - δος compare, λύγδος `white marble' (on now see s.v. μόλυβδος `lead'); s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 175 n. 1 (p. 176; partly diff.), Grošelj l. c. with a quite hypothetical etymology. Older wrong or doubtful explanations from IE and Semit. in Bq; s. also WP. 1, 349. - A related verb Blumenthal finds in κίψει κακοποιεῖ H. (?).Page in Frisk: 1,847-848Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κίβδηλος
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111 κνίψ
κνίψ, κνῑπόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: name of unknown insects (acc. to Arist. Sens. 444b 12 small ants), that infest several trees and plants (Ar., Arist., Thphr., LXX).Compounds: As 1. member in κνιπο-λόγος m. name of a woodpecker, σκνιπο-φάγος `eating σκνῖπες' (Arist.).Derivatives: κνίπειος `belonging to a κνίψ' (Zos. Alch.). In remote or doubtful connection to κνίψ, σκνίψ there are several expressive, but in the literature only rarely found words, that indicate esp. niggardliness or different eye-diseases: κνιπός (AP), σκνιπός (Anon. in EN, H.), σκνιφός (Phryn.) `niggard'; with κνιπεύω `be niggardly' and κνιπεία (Doroth. Astrol.); further in the meaning `feeble-midedness etc.': κνιπός (Semon.), σκνιφός H., ὑπό-σκνιπος, - σκνιφος, - σχνιφος `slightly short-sighted' (pap.), κνιπά πτίλη H.; with κνιπότης `eye-inflammation' (Hp. Loc. Hom. 13, Erot.), κνιπόομαι `be inflamed, of the eyes' (H. in κεκνιπωμένοι), also `be infested with mildew, fire, of fruits' (H. ib.). Beside the names for eye-diseases etc. there are expressions for `dark': σκνιφαῖος (v. l. - παῖος) adjunt of ὁδίτης `who walks in the darkness ' (Theoc. 16, 93; after κνεφαῖος?), σκνῖφος τὸ σκότος H. - Further there are two denomin.: κνιπεῖν σείειν, ξύειν μέλαθρα καὶ δοκούς H. (prop. of the κνῖπες?), σκνίπτειν νύσσειν H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: With κνίψ, σκνίψ rhyme θρίψ and ἴψ (s. vv.). Both ( σ)κνίψ and the words for `niggard' could go back to the idea of pinching and stinging (cf. σκνίπτω). Perh. the terms for weak-sight etc. might come from closing the eyes; or perh. from plant-diseases (caused by κνῖπες; s. κνιπόομαι). - One compares words for `pinching etc.' in Baltic and Germanic, e. g. Latv. kniêbt, knīpêt, MLDu. nipen; Pok. 562, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kneĩbti. Wether they are real cognates, remains uncertain with these popular words. Cf. on - κναίω, κνίζω, κνύω. - Though the σ- could be an IE s-movable, the hole rather suggests a Pre-Greek word: very small animals, the long ῑ, the variation π\/φ; cf. the words cited.Page in Frisk: 1,885-886Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κνίψ
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112 κνῑπός
κνίψ, κνῑπόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: name of unknown insects (acc. to Arist. Sens. 444b 12 small ants), that infest several trees and plants (Ar., Arist., Thphr., LXX).Compounds: As 1. member in κνιπο-λόγος m. name of a woodpecker, σκνιπο-φάγος `eating σκνῖπες' (Arist.).Derivatives: κνίπειος `belonging to a κνίψ' (Zos. Alch.). In remote or doubtful connection to κνίψ, σκνίψ there are several expressive, but in the literature only rarely found words, that indicate esp. niggardliness or different eye-diseases: κνιπός (AP), σκνιπός (Anon. in EN, H.), σκνιφός (Phryn.) `niggard'; with κνιπεύω `be niggardly' and κνιπεία (Doroth. Astrol.); further in the meaning `feeble-midedness etc.': κνιπός (Semon.), σκνιφός H., ὑπό-σκνιπος, - σκνιφος, - σχνιφος `slightly short-sighted' (pap.), κνιπά πτίλη H.; with κνιπότης `eye-inflammation' (Hp. Loc. Hom. 13, Erot.), κνιπόομαι `be inflamed, of the eyes' (H. in κεκνιπωμένοι), also `be infested with mildew, fire, of fruits' (H. ib.). Beside the names for eye-diseases etc. there are expressions for `dark': σκνιφαῖος (v. l. - παῖος) adjunt of ὁδίτης `who walks in the darkness ' (Theoc. 16, 93; after κνεφαῖος?), σκνῖφος τὸ σκότος H. - Further there are two denomin.: κνιπεῖν σείειν, ξύειν μέλαθρα καὶ δοκούς H. (prop. of the κνῖπες?), σκνίπτειν νύσσειν H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: With κνίψ, σκνίψ rhyme θρίψ and ἴψ (s. vv.). Both ( σ)κνίψ and the words for `niggard' could go back to the idea of pinching and stinging (cf. σκνίπτω). Perh. the terms for weak-sight etc. might come from closing the eyes; or perh. from plant-diseases (caused by κνῖπες; s. κνιπόομαι). - One compares words for `pinching etc.' in Baltic and Germanic, e. g. Latv. kniêbt, knīpêt, MLDu. nipen; Pok. 562, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kneĩbti. Wether they are real cognates, remains uncertain with these popular words. Cf. on - κναίω, κνίζω, κνύω. - Though the σ- could be an IE s-movable, the hole rather suggests a Pre-Greek word: very small animals, the long ῑ, the variation π\/φ; cf. the words cited.Page in Frisk: 1,885-886Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κνῑπός
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113 κοδομεύς
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `one who roasts barley'Derivatives: Special feminine-form κοδομή and - μεύτρια (all only Poll. a. H., also Phot. a. Suid.). On the relation of these words s. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 84 ( κοδομεύς backformation to κοδομεύω, denom. from κοδομή?). κοδομεύω `roast barley', with κοδομεία and κοδομεῖον `pot for...'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Formation unclear, so prob. a laon (Anatolian?; Fick KZ 41, 199f.). Several comparisons, a. o. with a Slavic word for `smoke', e. g. OCS kaditi (Fick 1, 23; s. Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. kadítь; cf. on κέδρος). Other, even more doubtful connections ar given, and rejected, by Bq and WP. 1, 384f. - A similar meaning has κίδναι αἱ ἐγχώριοι πεφρυγμέναι κριθαί H., with a different vowel. Prob. Pre-Greek. (Does it continue *kʷad-am-?.Page in Frisk: 1,890Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κοδομεύς
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114 κρύπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `conceal, hide'.Other forms: fut. κρύψω, aor. κρύψαι, pass. κρυφθῆναι (Il.), - φῆναι (S.), - βῆναι (LXX), fut. - βήσομαι (E., LXX), perf. midd. κέκρυμμαι (Od.), act. κέκρυφα (D. H.), iter. ipf. κρύπτασκε (Θ 272; Risch 240), - εσκε (h. Cer. 239), late pres. κρύβω, ipf. ἔκρυβον, - φον,Derivatives: 1. κρυπτός `hid, secret(ly)' (Ξ 168; Amman Μνήμης χάριν 1, 16) with κρυπτάδιος `id.' (Il., A..; after ἀμφάδιος), κρυπτικός `concealing' (Arist., Alex. Aphr.), κρυπτίνδα παίζειν `hide-and-seek' (Theognost.); κρυπτεύω `hide' (E., X.) with κρυπτεία `secret service at Sparta' (Pl., Arist.). - 2. ( ἔγ-, ἀπό-, ἐπί-)κρύψις `hiding' (E., Arist., Plb.; Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 149). - 3. κρυπτήρ "hider", name of an instrument (Delos IIa, Sch.), - τήριος `serving as hiding place' (Orac. ap. Paus. 8, 42, 6), κρύπτης `member of the κρυπτεία' (E. Fr. 1126[?]). - 4. κρυφῆ, Dor. - φᾶ (Pi., S., X.), κρύφᾰ (Th.) adv. `secretly'; from it κρυφάδᾱν (Corinn.), - άδις (Hdn.), - ηδόν (Od., Q. S.), - ανδόν (H.) `id.' (Schwyzer 550, 626, 631); κρυφαῖος `secret' (Pi., Trag., LXX), κρύφασος name of a throw of the dice (Poll.; Chantraine Formation 435). - 5. κατα-, ἀπο-κρυφή `hiding place' (S., LXX); κρύφιος `secretly' (Hes., Pi., Trag., Th.; κρύφιος: κρύπτω Schulze Kl. Schr. 362), κρυφία f. `hiding place' ( PFlor. 284, 8; VIp), κρύφιμος = κρύφιος (Man.; Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 19 f.), - ιμαῖος `id.' (Ephesos IVp), - ιώδης `id.' (Eust.); ἀπό-, ἐπί-, ἔγ-, ὑπό-κρυφος `concealed' (Pi., Hdt., E.; from ἀποκρύπτω etc.), κρυφός ( κρύφος) `hiding' (Emp. 27, 3; Porzig Satzinhalte 319; LXX), `secret' (coni. Pi. O. 2, 97) ; see Georgacas Glotta 36, 164 f.; ἐγκρυφίας ἄρτος `hidden under the ashes, i. e. baked bread' (Hp.), ἐγκρυφιάζω `hide' (Ar.); κρυφιαστής `interpreter of dreams' (Aq.). - 6. κρύβδᾰ = κρύφα (Σ 168, A., Pi.), κρύβδην, Dor. -δᾱν (Od.); cf. Haas Μνήμης χάριν 133f. - 7. ( ἀπο-)κρυβή `concealment' (LXX, Vett. Val.), κρυβῆ = - φῆ (LXX); κρυβηλός κρυπτὸς [ πύργος], κρύβες νεκροί, κρυβήτας τετελευτηκότας, κρυβήσια νεκύσια, κρυβάζει ἀποκρύπτει H. To κρύπτω reminds formally and semantically καλύπτω (s. v.); the verbs may have influenced one another. On the variation π: φ: β, which can also be analogical, cf. Schwyzer 333, 705 n. 2, 737.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: But for the final labial and the vowelquantity κρύπτω agrees with Slav., e.g. OCS kryjo, kryti ' κρύπτω, ἀποκρύπτω' (Persson Stud. 51 n. 1, Meillet MSL 8, 297), which is connected with Balt., e.g. Lith. kráuju, kráuti `pile up'; on the meaning Schulze KZ 50, 275 (Kl. Schr. 621 f.). Doubtful because of the vowel is the comparison with a Balt. word for `deceive, delude', Lith. króp(i)u, krópti, Latv. krapt. Further Pok. 616f., Fraenkel Wb. s. kráuti and krópti 2., Vasmer Wb. s. krytь. - As there is no good IE etym. the word may be Pre-Greek, what seems confirmed by the frequent variation of the labial.Page in Frisk: 2,29-30Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρύπτω
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115 λάσθη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `insult, mockery' (Hdt. 6, 67, AP 7, 345, H.).Derivatives: Cf. the glosses of Hesychius: λάσθω and λασάσθω χλευαζέτω; λάσθαι παίζειν, ὀλιγωρεῖν, λοιδορεῖν; λάσθων κακολογῶν; λάσθον αἰσχρόν; λάσθας συμφοράς. λασθαίνειν κακολογεῖν H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: No etymologie. Often as λάσ-θη connected with Lat. las-cīvus `wanton, luxuriant, lascivious', Skt. lā-las-a- `greedy' (Bq s. λιλαίομαι, WP. 2, 386, Pok. 654, W.-Hofmann s.v.); semantically not very adequate. Diff. Fick, 1, 532: from *λαξστᾱ to Germ., e. g. OHG lastar `scorn, revilement' (OHG lahan etc. `revile'); phonetically impossible; Schulze KZ 28, 270 n. 1 (Kl. Schr. 438 n. 1): λά-σθη to Goth. laí-lo `reviled'; Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 528ff.: from *λαθ-τᾱ to λαθεῖν; in spite of λάσθη... λήθη H. semantically doubtful. So no etym.; Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,87-88Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λάσθη
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116 λήκυθος
Grammatical information: f. (on the gender Schwyzer-Debrunner 34 n. 2)Meaning: `oil-, parfumbottle with handle' (Od.), also metaph. rhetorical bombast' (Cic., Plin.; = Lat. ampulla).Dialectal forms: Epid. λάκυθος (IVa)Compounds: Few compp., e.g. αὑτο-λήκυθος `who carries (for poverty) his own oilcasket' = `poor man, beggar' (Att.).Derivatives: Diminutivum ληκύθιον (Att.), ληκυθιάδες ἐνώτια ποιά (H.), ληκυτίαι pl. = λήκυθοι (pap.). - Denomin. verb ληκυθίζω `give a dump, hollow sound (as from a bottle with a small neck), speak deep in the throat' (Call., Str., Phryn., Poll.) with ληκυθ-ιστής `who recited with hollow voice, κοιλόφωνος'(S. Fr. 1063, H.), - ισμός `hollow, dump speaking' (Plu.); also as backformation λήκυθος τὸ μεταξὺ τοῦ λαυκανίου καὶ αὑχένος ἠχῶδες (Clearch.); cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 35 n. 12, Bill ClassPhil. 36, 46ff.; extensive Quincey Class Quart. 43, 32ff. with diff. interpretation and discussion.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Cultural word (cf. Schwyzer 61, Hermann Glotta 13, 152); also GN Λήκυθος (Macedonia). Wrong IE etymologies in Bq and v. Blumenthal Gnomon 10, 526. Connection with OCS lakъtь, Russ. lákotь `pot' is doubtful, s. Vasmer Wb. s. v. (see Machek Studia in hon. Acad. d. Dečev 50). On λήκυθος in gen. L. J. Elferink, Lekythos. Archäologische, sprachliche und religionsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen. Amsterdam 1934 (in linguistical aspects contestable). - Fur. 121 connects λάγῡνος, λάγιον `beaker, vase'.Page in Frisk: 2,116Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λήκυθος
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117 μαγαρίς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: μικρὰ σπάθη H.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Sem.XEtymology: Lewy KZ 59, 192 compares with doubtful right Hebr. megērā `saw', gārar `draw, pull'. Latte thinks of a mistake; s. DELG.Page in Frisk: 2,154Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μαγαρίς
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118 μαίνη
Grammatical information: f. (AP 9, 412),Meaning: `name of a small herring-like fish, `Maena vulgaris'(AP 9, 412). Further forms μαινομένη (sch. Luc.) with μαινομένιον (Alex. Trall.), NGr. μαίνουλα, μανάλι etc.; details in Thompson Fishes s.v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown] = PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: No etymology. Quite doubtful is the connection with Slav., e.g. Russ. menь m. `barbot', Lith. ménkė `haddock' (from meñkas `small', Fraenkel Wb. s. v.), Skt. mīna- m. a fish etc. (Solmsen KZ 37, 584ff., Wortforsch. 122 n. 2, Charpentier KZ 47, 181 f.; WP. 2, 267f., Pok. 731. Vasmer s. menь). Hesitating attempt to interpret μαινη as "the wild frolicking, raging fish" and connection with μαίνομαι in Strömberg Fischnamen 53ff. - Lat. LW [loanword] maena.Page in Frisk: 2,160Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μαίνη
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119 μαίνομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `rage, be furious, of the senses, be excited' (Il.); rarely act. ἐκ-μαίνω `make furious' (E., Ar.; μαίνω Orph.), aor. μῆναι (S., E.) with intr. midd. μήνασθαι (Z 160, Theoc.)Derivatives: 1. From the present: μαινάς, - άδος f. `the raging, Bacchantess, Mänade' (Il.; Schwyzer 508, Sommer Münch. Stud. 4, 4); μαινόλης, Aeol. Dor. - λας, f. - λις `raging, excited' (Sapph., A.; Schwyzer 408 and Mus. Helv. 3, 49ff., Chantraine Form. 237). 2. From the root: μανία, - ίη `fury, madness' (IA.) cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 39); μανικός, μανιώδης `furious, raging' (IA.), f. also μανιάς `id.' (after λύσσα: - άς, Schwyzer 508). Verbaladj. like ἐμ-μανής `raging' (IA), prob. hypostasis (to μανία) after ἐμ-φανής a.o. ( ἐμ-μαίνομαι first Act. Ap., J.).Etymology: On μάντις etc. s. v. With the zero-grade yot-present μαίνομαι from *μαν-ι̯ο-μαι agree formally several forms from diff. languages: Skt. mányate = Av. mainyeite `think', Celt., OIr. do-moiniur `believe, have the opinion', Slav., e.g. OCS mьnjǫ `think, consider as', Lith. miniù `think, remember' (innovation for older menù?; s. Fraenkel Wb.), IE *mn̥-i̯o \/ e-. With μανῆ-ναι agree formally also the Balto-Slav. inf. Lith. minė́-ti, OCS mьně-ti as well as Goth. 3. sg. munai-Þ ' μέλλει, thinks (to do)'; genetic connection however is doubtful, as Goth. munaiÞ may as well agree with Skt. manāy-ati `be eager' and for posthom. μανῆναι (as if from μανέεται) also analogical origin ( φαίνομαι: φανῆναι; J. Schmidt KZ 37, 44) is possible; on Lith. minė́ti etc. s. also Fraenkel l.c. and Lexis 2, 196. Also μήνασθαι (analogical or from *μαν-σ-, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 412) and μέμηνα (after τακῆναι: τέτηκα a. o.) are Greek formations. With the formal reorganisation goes the semantic emancipation; the connection with the widespread group μένος, μέμονα, μιμνήσκω (s. vv.) can still be seen e.g. in Z 100 f.: ἀλλ' ὅδε λίην | μαίνεται οὑδέ τίς οἱ δύναται μένος ἰσοφαρίζειν (cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 34). - [Not with J. Schmidt l.c. and Specht KZ 62, 79 (cf. also Schwyzer 694 n. 3) to μαιμάω.]Page in Frisk: 2,160-161Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μαίνομαι
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120 μάλκη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `numbness for cold, in hands and feet', pl. `chilblain' (Nic.); μάλκην τὸ ἐπικόπανον (`chopping-block'). Πάριοι H.Derivatives: μάλκιον ntr. (comp. as ῥίγιον?): φάρμακον ἀσθενές τε καὶ μάλκιον (Anon. ap. Suid.), sup. μαλκίστατον ἦμαρ (Call. Fr. anon. 45). Denom. verb μαλκίω (after ἰδίω; s. v.) `become numb for cold, freeze' (A. Fr. 332 [652 Mette], X., D., Ael.; often written μαλακίω after μαλακός), μαλκιό-ωντι ptc. dat. sg. (Arat. 294, metri c.), μαλκιῆν ὑπὸ κρύους κατεσκληκέναι καὶ δυσκίνητος εἶναι (Phot.). Here also μαλκόν μαλακόν H.? (after Specht KZ 59, 97 "weakening" of μαλακόν).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: No explanation. Persson BB 19, 262 wants to connect Lith. mùlkis `dullard', OCS mlьčati `be silent, dumb' a. o. words, that are on themselves of doubtful connection, s. Fraenkel and Vasmer Wb. s. vv.; details with further connection that are to be rejected in Bq s. v., also W.-Hofmann s. flaccus. -- The connection with μαλακός (Persson a. o.; thus Bechtel Dial. 3, 315 for μάλκη = ἐπικόπανον referring to sch. on Nic. Th. 381) is semantically not convincing; vgl. WP. 2, 290, Pok. 719. - A form μαλκ- can hardly be explained from IE.Page in Frisk: 2,167-168Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάλκη
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