objectively

aerumna, ae (pleb. er-), f. [contr. from aegrimonia; as to the suppressed g, cf. jumentum from jugum, Doed. Syn. IV. p. 420. Others explain aerumna (with Paul. ex Fest. s. v. aerumnula, p. 24 Müll.) orig. for a frame for carrying burdens upon the back; hence trop.], need, want, trouble, toil, hardship, distress, tribulation, calamity, etc. (objectively; while aegrimonia, like aegritudo, denotes, subjectively, the condition of mind, Doed. 1. c.; for the most part only ante-class., except in Cic., who uses it several times, in order to designate by one word the many modifications and shadings of the condition of mental suffering; in Quintilian's time the word was obsolete, v. Quint. 8, 3, 26): tibi sunt ante ferendae aerumnae, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 47 Vahl.); cf.: Ilia dia nepos, quas erumnas tetulisti, id. ap. Charis. p. 70 P. (Ann. v. 56 ib.): quantis cum aerumnis exantlavi diem, id. ap. Non. 292, 8 (Trag. v. 127 ib.):

uno ut labore absolvat aerumnas duas (of the pains of parturition),

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 26:

animus aequos optimum est aerumnae condimentum,

id. Rud. 2, 3, 71; id. Ep. 2, 1, 10;

so,

id. Capt. 5, 4, 12; id. Curc. 1, 2, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 1: lapit cor cura, aerumna corpus conficit, Pac. ap. Non. 23, 8; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 8; Lucr. 3, 50:

aerumna gravescit,

id. 4, 1065:

quo pacto adversam aerumnam ferant,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 12:

maeror est aegritudo flebilis: aerumna aegritudo laboriosa: dolor aegritudo crucians,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 8, 18:

Herculis aerumnas perpeti: sic enim majores nostri labores non fugiendos tristissimo tamen verbo aerumnas etiam in Deo nominaverunt,

id. Fin. 2, 35; cf. id. ib. 5, 32, 95:

mors est aerumnarum requies,

Sall. C. 51, 20; so id. J. 13, 22: Luculli miles collecta viatica multis Aerumnis, ad assem Perdiderat, with much difficulty, * Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 26:

multiplicabo aerumnas tuas,

Vulg. Gen. 3, 16:

in labore et aerumnā (fui),

ib. 2 Cor. 11, 27.—

In later Lat. for defeat (of an army), Amm. 15, 4; cf. id. 15, 8 al.

Petric. Vit. D. Mart. 1, 66. Hence, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 76 P. derives it from eruere (quod mentem eruat). Cf. Doed. Syn. IV. p. 420.

aestŭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. [aestus], to be in agilation or in violent commotion, to move to and fro, to rage, to toss, to boil up.

Lit.

Of fire, to rage, burn:

aestuat ut clausis rapidus fornacibus ignis,

as the fire heaves and roars in the closed furnaces, Verg. G. 4, 263:

tectus magis aestuat ignis,

Ov. M. 4, 64.—Hence,

Of the effect of fire, to be warm or hot, to burn, glow; both objectively, I am warm (Fr. je suis chaud), and subjectively, it is warm to me, I feel warm (Fr. j'ai chaud).

Object.: nunc dum occasio est, dum scribilitae aestuant ( while the cakes are warm) occurrite, Plaut. Poen. prol. 43; Verg. G. 1, 107:

torridus aestuat aër,

glows, Prop. 3, 24, 3; Luc. 1, 16. —

Subject., to feel warmth or heat (weaker than sudare, to sweat, and opp. algere, to be cold, to feel cold;

v. Doed. Syn. 3, 89): Lycurgi leges erudiunt juventutem esuriendo, sitiendo, algendo, aestuando,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 14, 34:

ille cum aestuaret, umbram secutus est,

id. Ac. 2, 22:

sub pondere,

Ov. M. 12, 514; Juv. 3, 103.—

Of the undulating, heaving motion of the sea, to rise in waves or billows (cf. aestus):

Maura unda,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 4:

gurges,

Verg. A. 6, 296.—

Of other things, to have an undulating, waving motion, to be tossed, to heave:

in ossibus umor,

Verg. G. 4, 308:

ventis pulsa aestuat arbor,

Lucr. 5, 1097; Gell. 17, 11, 5. —Of an agitated crowd, Prud. 11, 228.—

Trop.

Of the passions, love, desire, envy, jealousy, etc., to burn with desire, to be in violent, passionate excitement, to be agitated or excited, to be inflamed:

quod ubi auditum est, aestuare (hist. inf.) illi, qui dederant pecuniam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23:

quae cum dies noctesque aestuans agitaret,

Sall. J. 93:

desiderio alicujus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18:

invidiā,

Sall. C. 23:

ingens in corde pudor,

Verg. A. 12, 666:

at rex Odrysius in illa Aestuat,

Ov. M. 6, 490 (cf. uri in id. ib. 7, 22;

and ardere in id,

ib. 9, 724); Mart. 9, 23:

aestuat (Alexander) infelix angusto limite mundi (the figure is derived from the swelling and raging of the sea when confined),

Juv. 10, 169; so Luc. 6, 63.—

Esp. in prose, to waver, to vacillate, to hesitate, to be uncertain or in doubt, to be undecided:

dubitatione,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30: quod petiit, spernit; repetit quod nuper omisit;

Aestuat et vitae disconvenit ordine toto,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 99:

sic anceps inter utramque animus aestuat,

Quint. 10, 7, 33; Suet. Claud. 4:

aestuante rege,

Just. 1, 10.

ămoenus, a, um, adj. [amo; some comp. ameinôn], lovely, delightful, pleasant, charming (in gen. of objects affecting the sense of sight only; as a beautiful landscape, gar dens, rivers, pictures, etc.: amoena loca.. quod solum amorem praestentetad se amanda adliciant, Varr. ap. Isid. Orig. 14:

amoena sunt loca solius voluptatis plena,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 5, 734; while jucundus is used both in a phys. and mental sense; cf. Doed. Syn. III. p 36; class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.: amoena salicta, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 40 Vahl.): Ennius, qui primus amoeno Detulit ex Helicone perenni fronde coronam, who first from the charming Helicon, etc., Lucr. 1, 117:

fons,

id. 4, 1024:

locus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 290:

praediola,

id. Att. 16, 3, 4:

loca amoena voluptaria,

Sall. C. 11, 5 Kritz:

amoena piorum Concilia,

Verg. A. 5, 734:

Devenere locos laetos et amoena virecta Fortunatorum nemorum sedesque beatas,

id. ib. 6, 638:

rus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 6:

aquae, aurae,

id. C. 3, 4, 7: hae latebrae dulces, etiam, si credis, amoenae, delightful to me (subjectively), but also in and of themselves (objectively) pleasant, id. Ep. 1, 16, 15 Schmid.; cf.

Doed. Syn. III. p. 35: amoenae Farfarus umbrae,

Ov. M. 14, 330, where Merkel, opacae Farfarus undae:

amoenissima aedificia,

Tac. H. 3, 30:

pictura,

Plin. 35, 10, 37 fin. —In reproach: cultus amoenior, too showy, coquetting, Liv. 4, 44, 11.—As subst., ămoena, ōrum, n. (cf. abditus, etc.), pleasant places:

per amoena Asiae atque Achaiae,

Tac. A. 3, 7:

amoena litorum,

id. H. 3, 76. —

Transf. to other things (rare, and for the most part only post-Aug.):

vita,

Tac. A. 15, 55:

ingenium,

id. ib. 2, 64; so id. ib. 13, 3:

animus, i. e. amoenitatibus deditus,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 1:

amoenissima verba,

Gell. 2, 26; 16, 3; 18, 5 al.—Hence, adv.

Old form ămoenĭter:

hilare atque amoeniter vindemiam agitare,

joyfully and delightfully, Gell. 20, 8.—

Usu. form ămoenē;

* in respect to smell,

sweetly, fragrantly, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 2; of a dwelling, pleasantly (in sup.), Plin. Ep. 4, 23; of discourse (in comp.), Gell. 14, 1, 32.

ămoenus, a, um, adj. [amo; some comp. ameinôn], lovely, delightful, pleasant, charming (in gen. of objects affecting the sense of sight only; as a beautiful landscape, gar dens, rivers, pictures, etc.: amoena loca.. quod solum amorem praestentetad se amanda adliciant, Varr. ap. Isid. Orig. 14:

amoena sunt loca solius voluptatis plena,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 5, 734; while jucundus is used both in a phys. and mental sense; cf. Doed. Syn. III. p 36; class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.: amoena salicta, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 40 Vahl.): Ennius, qui primus amoeno Detulit ex Helicone perenni fronde coronam, who first from the charming Helicon, etc., Lucr. 1, 117:

fons,

id. 4, 1024:

locus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 290:

praediola,

id. Att. 16, 3, 4:

loca amoena voluptaria,

Sall. C. 11, 5 Kritz:

amoena piorum Concilia,

Verg. A. 5, 734:

Devenere locos laetos et amoena virecta Fortunatorum nemorum sedesque beatas,

id. ib. 6, 638:

rus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 6:

aquae, aurae,

id. C. 3, 4, 7: hae latebrae dulces, etiam, si credis, amoenae, delightful to me (subjectively), but also in and of themselves (objectively) pleasant, id. Ep. 1, 16, 15 Schmid.; cf.

Doed. Syn. III. p. 35: amoenae Farfarus umbrae,

Ov. M. 14, 330, where Merkel, opacae Farfarus undae:

amoenissima aedificia,

Tac. H. 3, 30:

pictura,

Plin. 35, 10, 37 fin. —In reproach: cultus amoenior, too showy, coquetting, Liv. 4, 44, 11.—As subst., ămoena, ōrum, n. (cf. abditus, etc.), pleasant places:

per amoena Asiae atque Achaiae,

Tac. A. 3, 7:

amoena litorum,

id. H. 3, 76. —

Transf. to other things (rare, and for the most part only post-Aug.):

vita,

Tac. A. 15, 55:

ingenium,

id. ib. 2, 64; so id. ib. 13, 3:

animus, i. e. amoenitatibus deditus,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 1:

amoenissima verba,

Gell. 2, 26; 16, 3; 18, 5 al.—Hence, adv.

Old form ămoenĭter:

hilare atque amoeniter vindemiam agitare,

joyfully and delightfully, Gell. 20, 8.—

Usu. form ămoenē;

* in respect to smell,

sweetly, fragrantly, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 2; of a dwelling, pleasantly (in sup.), Plin. Ep. 4, 23; of discourse (in comp.), Gell. 14, 1, 32.

aut, conj. [aut, Osc. auti, Umbr. ote, ute, may be a modification of autem, as at of et, the suffix -t being a relic of the demonstrative -tem, which appears in item, and is the same as -dem in quidem, and -dam in quondam, and of which the demonstrative adverbs, tam and tum, are absolute forms; the first part of these words may be compared with the Gr. au (cf. aute and autar), and with the Sanscr. vā = or, with which again may be compared ve and vel; v. Corss. Ausspr. II. p. 595, and also pp. 130, 223, 411], or; and repeated: aut... aut, either... or; so in Sanscr. vā... vā.

In gen. it puts in the place of a previous assertion another, objectively and absolutely antithetical to it, while vel indicates that the contrast rests upon subjective opinion or choice; i. e. aut is objective, vel subjective, or aut excludes one term, vel makes the two indifferent.

Used singly, or:

omnia bene sunt ei dicenda, qui hoc se posse profitetur aut eloquentiae nomen relinquendum est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 2, 5:

quibusnam manibus aut quibus viribus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 30:

Vinceris aut vincis,

Prop. 2, 8, 10:

cita mors venit aut victoria laeta,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 8:

ruminat herbas aut aliquam in magno sequitur grege,

Verg. E. 6, 55 et persaep. (cf. on the contrary, Tac. G. 8: quae neque confirmare argumentis, neque refellere in animo est: ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem).—

Repeated, aut... aut, either... or:

Ubi enim potest illa aetas aut calescere vel apricatione melius vel igni, aut vicissim umbris aquisve refrigerari salubrius?

Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

Nam ejus per unam, ut audio, aut vivam aut moriar sententiam,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 3,1,11 sq.:

aut, quicquid igitur eodem modo concluditur, probabitis, aut ars ista nulla est,

Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96:

partem planitiae aut Jovis templum aut oppidum tenet,

Liv. 44, 6, 15:

terra in universum aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda,

Tac. G. 5:

hoc bellum quis umquam arbitraretur aut ab omnibus imperatoribus uno anno aut omnibus annis ab uno imperatore confici posse?

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11,31.—

More than twice repeated:

aut equos Alere aut canes ad venandum, aut ad philosophos, Ter And. 1, 1, 29: Uxor, si cesses, aut te amare cogitat Aut tete amare aut potare atque animo obsequi,

id. Ad. 1, 1, 7 sq.; so four times in Lucr. 4, 935 sq.; five times in Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28; id. N. D. 3, 12, 30; and Prop. 4, 21, 26 sqq.; and six times in Plin. 17, 10, 9, § 58.—

Sometimes double disjunctive phrases with aut... aut are placed together:

Adsentior Crasso, ne aut de C. Laelii soceri mei aut de hujus generi aut arte aut gloriā detraham,

Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35:

res ipsa et rei publicae tempus aut me ipsum, quod nolim, aut alium quempiam aut invitabit aut dehortabitur,

id. Pis. 39, 94.—

Repeated after negatives:

ne aut ille alserit Aut ceciderit atque aliquid praefregerit,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 11:

ne tanti facinoris immanitas aut exstitisse aut non vindicata esse videatur,

Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 14; id. Sull. 43; id. Sest. 37; 39:

neque enim sunt aut obscura aut non multa post commissa,

id. Cat. 1, 6, 15; id. Off. 1, 20, 66; 1, 11, 36; 1, 20, 68; id. de Or. 2, 45, 189:

nec milites ad scelus missos aut numero validos aut animo promptos,

Tac. A. 14, 58; id. H. 1, 18; id. Or. 12:

nec erit mirabilis illic Aut Stratocles aut cum molli Demetrius Haemo,

Juv. 3, 98 sq.:

neque aut quis esset ante detexit aut gubernatorem cedere adversae tempestati passus est,

Suet. Caes. 58; id. Ner. 34:

Nec aut Persae aut Macedones dubitavere,

Curt. 4, 15, 28: Non sum aut tam inhumanus aut tam alienus a Sardis. Cic. Scaur. 39; id. Cat. 1, 13:

Nihil est tam aut fragile aut flexibile quam etc.,

id. Mil. 36 al. —

In interrogations:

quo modo aut geometres cernere ea potest, quae aut nulla sunt aut internosci a falsis non possunt aut is, qui fidibus utitur, explere numeros et conficere versus?

Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 22; so id. de Or. 1, 9, 37; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 118; id. N. D. 1, 43, 121.—

In comparative clauses:

talis autem simulatio vanitati est conjunctior quam aut liberalitati aut honestati,

Cic. Off. 1, 15, 44.—

Esp.

Placed singly, to connect to something more important that which is less so, or at least.

Absol.:

Incute vim ventis submersasque obrue puppes, Aut age diversos et dissice corpora ponto,

Verg. A. 1, 69 sq. Rib. (furens Juno et irata, quod gravissimum credebat, optavit, deinde quod secundum intulit, Diom. p. 411 P.):

quaero, num injuste aut improbe fecerit,

or at least unfairly, Cic. Off. 3, 13, 54:

a se postulari aut exspectari aliquid suspicantur,

id. ib. 2, 20, 69:

quā re vi aut clam agendum est,

or at least by stealth, id. Att. 10, 12:

profecto cuncti aut magna pars Siccensium fidem mutavissent,

Sall. J. 56, 6:

Audendum est aliquid universis aut omnia singulis patienda,

Liv. 6, 18, 7:

pars a centurionibus aut praetoriarum cohortium militibus caesi,

Tac. A. 1, 30:

potentiā suā numquam aut raro ad impotentiam usus,

Vell. 2, 29.—

With certe, etc., v. infra, F. 2.—

To connect something which must take place, if that which is previously stated does not, or, otherwise, or else, in the contrary case, = alioqui:

Redduc uxorem, aut quam obrem non opus sit cedo,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 76:

id (principium) nec nasci potest nec mori, aut concidat omne caelum etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54 (Seyffert ad h. l., but preferring ut non; B. and K. and Kühner, vel):

nunc manet insontem gravis exitus: aut ego veri Vana feror,

Verg. A. 10, 630:

effodiuntur bulbi ante ver: aut deteriores fiunt,

Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 96:

Mutatione recreabitur sicut in cibis... Aut dicant iste mihi, quae sit alia ratio discendi,

Quint. 1, 12, 6; 2, 17, 9.—

To restrict or correct an expression which is too general or inaccurate, or, or rather, or more accurately.

Absol.:

de hominum genere, aut omnino de animalium loquor,

Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 33; 5, 20, 57; id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

Aut scilicet tua libertas disserendi amissa est, aut tu is es, qui in disputando non tuum judicium sequare,

id. Leg. 1, 13, 36: cenaene causā, aut tuae mercedis gratiā Nos nostras aedīs postulas comburere? or rather, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 6, 11.—In this signification aut sometimes begins a new clause: Potestne igitur quisquam dicere, inter eum, qui doleat, et inter eum, qui in voluptate sit, nihil interesse? Aut, ita qui sentiet, non apertissime insaniat? or is not rather, etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20:

Quid est enim temeritate turpius? Aut quid tam temerarium tamque indignum sapientis gravitate atque constantiā, quam, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Fin. 4, 26, 72; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—

With potius (v. infra, F. 4.).—

Neque... aut sometimes, but chiefly in the poets, takes the place of neque... neque: Neque ego hanc abscondere furto Speravi, ne finge, fugam;

nec conjugis umquam Praetendi taedas aut haec in foedera veni,

Verg. A. 4, 339:

Si neque avaritiam neque sordes aut mala lustra Obiciet vere quisquam mihi,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 68 Bentl., but ac, K. and H.:

Nunc neque te longi remeantem pompa triumphi Excipit aut sacras poscunt Capitolia lauros,

Luc. 1, 287:

Nam neque plebeiam aut dextro sine numine cretam Servo animam,

Stat. S. 1, 4, 66:

Neque enim Tyriis Cynosura carinis Certior aut Grais Helice servanda magistris,

Val. Fl. 1, 17; so also Tacitus: nec litore tenus adcrescere aut resorberi, Agr. 10; G. 7 ter; H. 1, 32; so after non:

Non eo dico, quo mihi veniat in dubium tua fides, aut quo etc.,

Cic. Quinct. 5:

non jure aut legibus cognoscunt,

Tac. Or. 19; id. Agr. 41; id. G. 24; after haud:

Haud alias populus plus occultae vocis aut suspicacis silentii permisit,

id. A. 3, 11; after nihil:

nihil caedis aut praedae,

id. A. 15, 6; 13, 4; id. H. 1, 30.—

The poets connect by aut... vel, vel... aut, instead of aut... aut, or vel... vel: Quotiens te votui Argu [p. 211] rippum Conpellare aut contrectare conloquive aut contui? Plaut. As. 3, 1, 19:

aut appone dapes, Vare, vel aufer opes,

Mart. 4, 78, 6 (this epigram is rejected by Schneid.):

Non ars aut astus belli vel dextera deerat,

Sil. 16, 32.—

In connection with other particles.

Aut etiam, to complete or strengthen an assertion, or also, or even:

quid ergo aut hunc prohibet, aut etiam Xenocratem, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 18, 51:

conjectura in multas aut diversas, aut etiam in contrarias partes,

id. Div. 2, 26, 55; id. Off. 1, 9, 28:

si aut ambigue aut inconstanter aut incredibiliter dicta sunt, aut etiam aliter ab alio dicta,

id. Part. Or. 14, 51:

etsi omnia aut scripta esse a tuis arbitror, aut etiam nuntiis ac rumore perlata,

id. Att. 4, 1.—So with one aut:

quod de illo acceperant, aut etiam suspicabantur,

Cic. Fam. 1, 19, 36; Cels. 4, 18:

si modo sim (orator), aut etiam quicumque sim,

Cic. Or. 3, 12; id. de Or. 1, 17, 76.—

Aut certe, aut modo, aut quidem, or aut sane, to restrict a declaration, or at least (cf. II. A.).

Aut certe:

ac video hanc primam ingressionem meam aut reprehensionis aliquid, aut certe admirationis habituram,

Cic. Or. 3, 11; id. Top. 17, 64:

quo enim uno vincebamur a victā Graeciā, id aut ereptum illis est, aut certe nobis cum illis communicatum,

id. Brut. 73, 254; so Dolabella ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 1; Liv. 2, 1, 4; 40, 46, 2; Cels. 1, 2; 5, 26; Prop. 4, 21, 29.—

Aut modo:

Si umquam posthac aut amasso Casinam, aut obcepso modo,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 22.—

Aut quidem:

Proinde desinant quidam quaerere ultra aut opinari... aut quidem vetustissimā nave impositos jubebo avehi,

Suet. Caes. 66.—

Aut sane:

Afer aut Sardus sane,

Cic. Scaur. 15.—

Aut vero, to connect a more important thought, or indeed, or truly:

Quem tibi aut hominem, aut vero deum, auxilio futurum putas?

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 78:

Quis enim tibi hoc concesserit, aut initio genus hominum se oppidis moenibusque saepsisse? Aut vero etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 9, 36.—

Aut potius, for correction or greater definiteness, or rather (cf. II. C.):

Erravit, aut potius insanivit Apronius?

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 119:

proditores aut potius apertos hostes,

id. Sest. 35:

nemo est injustus, aut incauti potius habendi sunt improbi,

id. Leg. 1, 14, 40:

Quae est ergo ista ratio, aut quae potius ista amentia?

id. Verr. 3, 173.—

Aut ne... quidem:

ego jam aut rem aut ne spem quidem exspecto,

Cic. Att. 3, 22 fin.

1, 3, 18 Lachm.:

justos aut reperire pedes,

id. 2, 5, 112:

Persequar aut studium linguae etc.,

Prop. 4, 21, 27:

Fer pater, inquit, opem! Tellus aut hisce, vel istam, etc.,

Ov. M. 1, 545 (Merk., ait):

Balteus aut fluxos gemmis adstrinxit amictus,

Luc. 2, 362, where some read haud. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 525-558.

caerĭmōnĭa ( cērĭ-; scanned cĕrīmōnĭa, Prud. c. Symm. praef. 1, 5), ae, f. (collat. form caerĭmōnĭum, ii, n., Gloss. Lat. pp. 50, 69 Hild.; Inscr. Orell. 3188) [kindr. with Sanscr. root kri, = facere; cf. also creo. cerus, Ceres. strictly sacred work, divine rite; cf. Bopp, Gloss. p. 79, a; Pott, I. p. 219; Mommsen, Unterit. Dial.], the sacred. the divine, that which has reference to the Deity (in class. prose)

Lit.

Objectively, sacredness, sanctity (in this sense rare, and only in sing.): sanctitas regum, et caerimonia deorum. Caes. ap. Suet. Caes. 6: legationis. Cic. Rosc. Am. 39, 113; Tac. A. 4, 64 fin.: 3, 61: loci. id. ib. 14, 22 fin. —

Subjectively, a holy dread, awe, reverence, veneration of the Deity (external; while religio has regard both to internal and external reverence for God; rare except in sing.). Cic. Inv 2. 22, 66; id. Verr. 2, 5, 14. § 36; id. Leg. 2, 22. 55; 2, 53, 161: sacra summā religione caerimoniāque conficere. id. Balb. 24. 55: so id. Har Resp. 10, 21; 17, 37: Nep. Them. 8, 4; Liv. 29. 18, 2; 40, 4, 9; Gell. 4. 9. 9; Tac. A. 4, 55' esse in magnā caerimoniā. to be held in great veneration, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 135; also plur.: habere aliquid in caerimoniis. id. 37, 7, 28, § 100.—

Meton. (abstr. pro concr.), a religious usage, a sacred rite, religious ceremony (while ritus designates both religious and profane rites: so esp. freq. in the histt. and mostly in plur.): Ceres et Libera. quarum sacra... longe maximis atque occultissimis caerimoniis continentur. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 187: religiones vero caerimoniaeque omnium sacrorum fanorumque violatae. id. ib. 2. 1. 3. § 7: in sacerdotio caerimoniisque diligentissimus. id. Rab. Perd. 10, 27:

sepulcrorum,

id. Tusc. 1, 12, 27: caelestes. Liv 1, 20, 4 and 7' polluere. id. 6, 41, 9; Tac. H. 1, 2; Suet. Caes. 74: fetiales. Liv. 9, 11, 8:

auspiciaque,

id. 22, 9, 7; Flor. 1, 2, 2:

novae,

Tac. A. 1, 54: vetustissimae. id. ib. 1. 62:

deorum,

id. ib. 3, 60; 16, 28;

publicae,

id. H. 2, 91; Suet. Caes. 6: an tiquae. id. Aug. 31:

peregrinae, veteres ac praeceptae,

id. ib. 93:

externae,

id. Tib. 36. —In sing.:

collatis militaribus signis, quo more eorum gravissima caerimonia continetur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 2; Suet. Aug. 94 med.

caerĭmōnĭa ( cērĭ-; scanned cĕrīmōnĭa, Prud. c. Symm. praef. 1, 5), ae, f. (collat. form caerĭmōnĭum, ii, n., Gloss. Lat. pp. 50, 69 Hild.; Inscr. Orell. 3188) [kindr. with Sanscr. root kri, = facere; cf. also creo. cerus, Ceres. strictly sacred work, divine rite; cf. Bopp, Gloss. p. 79, a; Pott, I. p. 219; Mommsen, Unterit. Dial.], the sacred. the divine, that which has reference to the Deity (in class. prose)

Lit.

Objectively, sacredness, sanctity (in this sense rare, and only in sing.): sanctitas regum, et caerimonia deorum. Caes. ap. Suet. Caes. 6: legationis. Cic. Rosc. Am. 39, 113; Tac. A. 4, 64 fin.: 3, 61: loci. id. ib. 14, 22 fin. —

Subjectively, a holy dread, awe, reverence, veneration of the Deity (external; while religio has regard both to internal and external reverence for God; rare except in sing.). Cic. Inv 2. 22, 66; id. Verr. 2, 5, 14. § 36; id. Leg. 2, 22. 55; 2, 53, 161: sacra summā religione caerimoniāque conficere. id. Balb. 24. 55: so id. Har Resp. 10, 21; 17, 37: Nep. Them. 8, 4; Liv. 29. 18, 2; 40, 4, 9; Gell. 4. 9. 9; Tac. A. 4, 55' esse in magnā caerimoniā. to be held in great veneration, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 135; also plur.: habere aliquid in caerimoniis. id. 37, 7, 28, § 100.—

Meton. (abstr. pro concr.), a religious usage, a sacred rite, religious ceremony (while ritus designates both religious and profane rites: so esp. freq. in the histt. and mostly in plur.): Ceres et Libera. quarum sacra... longe maximis atque occultissimis caerimoniis continentur. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 187: religiones vero caerimoniaeque omnium sacrorum fanorumque violatae. id. ib. 2. 1. 3. § 7: in sacerdotio caerimoniisque diligentissimus. id. Rab. Perd. 10, 27:

sepulcrorum,

id. Tusc. 1, 12, 27: caelestes. Liv 1, 20, 4 and 7' polluere. id. 6, 41, 9; Tac. H. 1, 2; Suet. Caes. 74: fetiales. Liv. 9, 11, 8:

auspiciaque,

id. 22, 9, 7; Flor. 1, 2, 2:

novae,

Tac. A. 1, 54: vetustissimae. id. ib. 1. 62:

deorum,

id. ib. 3, 60; 16, 28;

publicae,

id. H. 2, 91; Suet. Caes. 6: an tiquae. id. Aug. 31:

peregrinae, veteres ac praeceptae,

id. ib. 93:

externae,

id. Tib. 36. —In sing.:

collatis militaribus signis, quo more eorum gravissima caerimonia continetur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 2; Suet. Aug. 94 med.

aerumna, ae (pleb. er-), f. [contr. from aegrimonia; as to the suppressed g, cf. jumentum from jugum, Doed. Syn. IV. p. 420. Others explain aerumna (with Paul. ex Fest. s. v. aerumnula, p. 24 Müll.) orig. for a frame for carrying burdens upon the back; hence trop.], need, want, trouble, toil, hardship, distress, tribulation, calamity, etc. (objectively; while aegrimonia, like aegritudo, denotes, subjectively, the condition of mind, Doed. 1. c.; for the most part only ante-class., except in Cic., who uses it several times, in order to designate by one word the many modifications and shadings of the condition of mental suffering; in Quintilian's time the word was obsolete, v. Quint. 8, 3, 26): tibi sunt ante ferendae aerumnae, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 47 Vahl.); cf.: Ilia dia nepos, quas erumnas tetulisti, id. ap. Charis. p. 70 P. (Ann. v. 56 ib.): quantis cum aerumnis exantlavi diem, id. ap. Non. 292, 8 (Trag. v. 127 ib.):

uno ut labore absolvat aerumnas duas (of the pains of parturition),

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 26:

animus aequos optimum est aerumnae condimentum,

id. Rud. 2, 3, 71; id. Ep. 2, 1, 10;

so,

id. Capt. 5, 4, 12; id. Curc. 1, 2, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 1: lapit cor cura, aerumna corpus conficit, Pac. ap. Non. 23, 8; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 8; Lucr. 3, 50:

aerumna gravescit,

id. 4, 1065:

quo pacto adversam aerumnam ferant,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 12:

maeror est aegritudo flebilis: aerumna aegritudo laboriosa: dolor aegritudo crucians,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 8, 18:

Herculis aerumnas perpeti: sic enim majores nostri labores non fugiendos tristissimo tamen verbo aerumnas etiam in Deo nominaverunt,

id. Fin. 2, 35; cf. id. ib. 5, 32, 95:

mors est aerumnarum requies,

Sall. C. 51, 20; so id. J. 13, 22: Luculli miles collecta viatica multis Aerumnis, ad assem Perdiderat, with much difficulty, * Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 26:

multiplicabo aerumnas tuas,

Vulg. Gen. 3, 16:

in labore et aerumnā (fui),

ib. 2 Cor. 11, 27.—

In later Lat. for defeat (of an army), Amm. 15, 4; cf. id. 15, 8 al.

Petric. Vit. D. Mart. 1, 66. Hence, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 76 P. derives it from eruere (quod mentem eruat). Cf. Doed. Syn. IV. p. 420.

existĭmātĭo ( existum-), ōnis, f. [id.], a judging, judgment, opinion, supposition (class.; in sing. and plur. equally common).

Prop.:

re et existimatione jam, lege et pronuntiatione nondum condemnato,

Cic. Clu. 20, 56. non est tibi his solis utendum existimationibus ac judiciis, qui nunc sunt, hominum, sed, etc., id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

quod de pietate dixistis, est quidem ista vestra existimatio, sed judicium certe parentis,

i. e. that is your opinion, but the father is the proper judge, id. Cael. 2, 4:

ne respexeris clandestinas existimationes,

Plin. Pan. 62 fin.:

in hoc genere facilior est existimatio quam reprehensio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 190:

tacitorum existimatione reprehendi,

id. Prov. Cons. 17, 40; cf.:

militis de imperatore,

Liv. 4, 41, 2 Drak.:

communis omnibus,

id. 4, 20, 8 Drak.:

nec illum ante tibi satis facere, quam tu omnium existimationi satis fecisses,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 133; cf.:

vir optimus omnium existimatione,

id. Rep. 3, 17. —

Transf., objectively (cf. rumor, B.), reputation, good name, honor, character, credit:

existimatio est dignitatis illaesae status, legibus ac moribus comprobatus, qui ex delicto nostro auctoritate legum aut minuitur aut consumitur, etc.,

Dig. 50, 13, 5:

nihil eum fecisse scientem, quod esset contra aut rem aut existimationem tuam,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 1:

homo egens, sordidus, sine honore, sine existimatione, sine censu,

id. Flacc. 22, 52; cf.:

homo fortunā egens, vitā turpis, existimatione damnatus,

id. ib. 15, 35:

judicia summae existimationis et paene dicam capitis,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 16; cf. id. Att. 1, 1, 4:

nisi quid existimas in ea re violari existimationem tuam,

id. Fam. 13, 73, 2:

existimationem offendere,

id. Planc. 2, 6; id. Fam. 3, 8, 7:

oppugnare,

id. ib. 3, 10, 8:

lacerare,

Suet. Caes. 75:

perdere,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14:

existimationi alicujus consulere,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5, § 15:

ad debitorum tuendam existimationem,

i. e. credit, Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 3.

existĭmātĭo ( existum-), ōnis, f. [id.], a judging, judgment, opinion, supposition (class.; in sing. and plur. equally common).

Prop.:

re et existimatione jam, lege et pronuntiatione nondum condemnato,

Cic. Clu. 20, 56. non est tibi his solis utendum existimationibus ac judiciis, qui nunc sunt, hominum, sed, etc., id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

quod de pietate dixistis, est quidem ista vestra existimatio, sed judicium certe parentis,

i. e. that is your opinion, but the father is the proper judge, id. Cael. 2, 4:

ne respexeris clandestinas existimationes,

Plin. Pan. 62 fin.:

in hoc genere facilior est existimatio quam reprehensio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 190:

tacitorum existimatione reprehendi,

id. Prov. Cons. 17, 40; cf.:

militis de imperatore,

Liv. 4, 41, 2 Drak.:

communis omnibus,

id. 4, 20, 8 Drak.:

nec illum ante tibi satis facere, quam tu omnium existimationi satis fecisses,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 133; cf.:

vir optimus omnium existimatione,

id. Rep. 3, 17. —

Transf., objectively (cf. rumor, B.), reputation, good name, honor, character, credit:

existimatio est dignitatis illaesae status, legibus ac moribus comprobatus, qui ex delicto nostro auctoritate legum aut minuitur aut consumitur, etc.,

Dig. 50, 13, 5:

nihil eum fecisse scientem, quod esset contra aut rem aut existimationem tuam,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 1:

homo egens, sordidus, sine honore, sine existimatione, sine censu,

id. Flacc. 22, 52; cf.:

homo fortunā egens, vitā turpis, existimatione damnatus,

id. ib. 15, 35:

judicia summae existimationis et paene dicam capitis,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 16; cf. id. Att. 1, 1, 4:

nisi quid existimas in ea re violari existimationem tuam,

id. Fam. 13, 73, 2:

existimationem offendere,

id. Planc. 2, 6; id. Fam. 3, 8, 7:

oppugnare,

id. ib. 3, 10, 8:

lacerare,

Suet. Caes. 75:

perdere,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14:

existimationi alicujus consulere,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5, § 15:

ad debitorum tuendam existimationem,

i. e. credit, Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 3.

ex-specto ( expect-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to look out for a thing (syn.: prospecto, opperior, maneo, moror, praestolor).

Objectively, to await, expect something that is to come or to take place, to be waiting for, etc. (very freq. and class.). —Constr. with the acc., with rel.-clauses, with dum, si, ut, quin, or absol.; very rarely with object-clause.

In gen.

With acc.:

caritatem,

Cato, R. R. 3, 2:

alicujus mortem,

Plaut. As. 3, 1, 28:

cum ea Scipio dixisset silentioque omnium reliqua ejus exspectaretur oratio,

Cic. Rep. 2, 38:

injurias,

id. ib. 1, 5:

transitum tempestatis,

id. Att. 2, 21, 2:

adventum alicujus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 27, 2; 2, 16, 2:

eventum pugnae,

id. ib. 7, 49 fin.:

scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est,

Ov. M. 3, 136:

cenantes haud animo aequo Exspectans comites,

i. e. waiting till they have done eating, Hor. S. 1, 5, 9 et saep.; cf.:

exspectandus erit annus,

I must wait a year, Juv. 16, 42. —

With relative and esp. interrogative clauses: exspectabat populus atque ora tenebat rebus, utri magni victoria sit data regni, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. s. 90, ed. Vahl.):

exspecto, quo pacto, etc.,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 1, 1:

exspecto, quid ad ista,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 20, 46; id. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 92:

quid hostes consilii caperent, exspectabat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24, 1:

exspectante Antonio, quidnam esset actura,

Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 121:

ne utile quidem, quam mox judicium fiat, exspectare,

Cic. Inv. 2, 28, 85; so,

quid exspectas quam mox ego dicam, etc.,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

et, quam mox signis collatis dimicandum sit, in dies exspectet,

id. 34, 11, 4; 3, 37, 5:

exspectans, quando, etc.,

Quint. 11, 3, 159.—

With dum, si, ut, etc.:

ne exspectetis meas pugnas dum praedicem,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 1:

ne exspectemus quidem, dum rogemur,

Cic. Lael. 13, 44:

exspectas fortasse, dum dicat, etc.,

id. Tusc. 2, 7, 17:

exspectare, dum hostium copiae augerentur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 13, 2:

nec dum repetatur, exspectat,

Quint. 4, 2, 45:

Caesar non exspectandum sibi statuit, dum, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11 fin.; cf.:

nec vero hoc loco exspectandum est, dum, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:

rusticus exspectat, dum defluat amnis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 42:

jam dudum exspecto, si tuum officium scias,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 12:

exspecto si quid dicas,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 61:

hanc (paludem) si nostri transirent, hostes exspectabant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9, 1; id. B. C. 2, 34, 1:

nisi exspectare vis ut eam sine dote frater conlocet,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 7:

mea lenitas hoc exspectavit, ut id quod latebat, erumperet,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

nisi forte exspectatis ut illa diluam, quae, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 29, 82:

neque exspectant, ut de eorum imperio ad populum feratur,

Caes. ib. 1, 6, 6:

quare nemo exspectet, ut, etc.,

Quint. 7, 10, 14; Liv. 23, 31, 7; 26, 18, 5; 35, 8, 5 al.— Pass. impers.:

nec ultra exspectato, quam dum Claudius Ostiam proficisceretur,

Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

cum omnium voces audirentur, exspectari diutius non oportere, quin ad castra iretur,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24 fin. —

Absol.:

comites ad portam exspectare dicunt,

Cic. Fam. 15, 17, 1:

diem ex die exspectabam, ut statuerem, quid esset faciendum,

id. Att. 7, 26, 3:

exspectent paullum et agi ordine sinant,

Quint. 4, 5, 19.—

With object-clause:

cum expectaret effusos omnibus portis Aetolos in fidem suam venturos,

Liv. 43, 22, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

venturum istum,

Aug. Conf. 5, 6.—

Transf., of an abstract subject, like maneo, to await:

seu me tranquilla senectus Exspectat seu, etc.,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 58.

To look for with hope, fear, desire, expectation, to hope for, long for, expect, desire; to fear, dread, anticipate, apprehend.

With acc.:

reliquum est, ut tuam profectionem amore prosequar, reditum spe exspectem,

Cic. Fam. 15, 21 fin.; cf.:

quod magna cum spe exspectamus,

id. Att. 16, 16 E. fin.:

ego jam aut rem aut ne spem quidem exspecto,

id. ib. 3, 22 fin.: magnum inceptas, si id exspectas, quod nusquam'st, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 56:

quam (rem) avidissime civitas exspectat,

Cic. Phil. 14, 1, 1:

longiores (epistolas) exspectabo vel potius exigam,

id. Fam. 15, 16, 1:

finem laborum omnium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 85, 4:

illum ut vivat, optant, meam autem mortem exspectant scilicet,

to wish, Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 20:

fama mortis meae non accepta solum sed etiam exspectata est,

Liv. 28, 27, 9; cf.

in the pun with I.: cum Proculeius quereretur de filio, quod is mortem suam exspectaret, et ille dixisset, se vero non exspectare: Immo, inquit, rogo exspectes,

Quint. 9, 3, 68 Spald.:

nescio quod magnum hoc nuntio exspecto malum,

dread, Ter. Ph. 1, 4, 16:

mortem,

id. Hec. 3, 4, 8:

multis de causis Caesar majorem Galliae motum exspectans,

Caes. B. G. 6, 1, 1: 7, 43 fin. —With a personal object:

pater exspectat aut me aut aliquem nuntium,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 22:

ite intro, filii vos exspectant intus,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 86:

hic ego mendacem usque puellam Ad mediam noctem exspecto,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 83; cf. Ov. M. 14, 418:

video jam, illum, quem exspectabam, virum, cui praeficias officio et muneri,

Cic. Rep. 2, 42.—

Aliquid ab (rarely ex) aliquo (a favorite expression of Cicero):

a te hoc civitas vel omnes potius gentes non exspectant solum, sed etiam postulant,

Cic. Fam. 11, 5, 3; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 1:

dixi Servilio, ut omnia a me majora exspectaret,

id. ib. 3, 12, 4:

alimenta a nobis,

id. Rep. 1, 4:

ab aliquo gloriam,

id. ib. 6, 19 fin.:

tristem censuram ab laeso,

Liv. 39, 41, 2:

ut ex iis (proletariis) quasi proles civitatis exspectari videretur,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40.—

Aliquid ab or ex aliqua re (rare):

aliquid ab liberalitate alicujus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 28, 3:

dedecus a philosopho,

id. Tusc. 2, 12, 28:

omnia ex sua amicitia,

id. ib. 3, 60, 1.—

Aliquid aliquem (very rare): ne quid exspectes amicos, quod tute agere possies, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29; Sat. v. 38 Vahl.—

With object-clause:

quid mihi hic adfers, quam ob rem exspectem aut sperem porro non fore?

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 36:

exspecto cupioque te ita illud defendere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 64, § 151.—With inf. alone (cf. cupio), Front. ad Ver. Imp. p. 137, ed. Rom.—

Absol. (very rare):

cum mihi nihil improviso, nec gravius quam exspectavissem pro tantis meis factis evenisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

aliquando ad verum, ubi minime exspectavimus, pervenimus,

Quint. 12, 8, 11.—

Poet. transf., of an abstr. subject, to have need of, require:

silvarumque aliae pressos propaginis arcus Exspectant,

Verg. G. 2, 27:

neque illae (oleae) procurvam exspectant falcem rastrosque tenaces,

id. ib. 2, 421; cf.:

lenta remedia et segnes medicos non exspectant tempora mea,

Curt. 3, 5, 13.—Hence, exspectātus ( expect-), a, um, P. a. (acc. to II.), anxiously expected, longed for, desired, welcome (class.):

carus omnibus exspectatusque venies,

Cic. Fam. 16, 7; cf.:

venies exspectatus omnibus,

id. ib. 4, 10, 1; Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 11:

quibus Hector ab oris exspectate venis?

Verg. A. 2, 282:

sensi ego in exspectatis ad amplissimam dignitatem fratribus tuis,

who were expected to arrive at the highest dignities of the state, Cic. de Sen. 19, 68:

ubi te exspectatum ejecisset foras,

i. e. whose death is waited, longed for, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 29 Ruhnk.— Comp.:

nimis ille potuit exspectatior venire,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 12.— Sup.:

adventus suavissimus exspectatissimusque,

Cic. Att. 4, 4 a:

litterae,

id. Fam. 10, 5, 1:

triumphus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 51 fin. —

In the neutr. absol.:

quis non diversa praesentibus contrariaque exspectatis aut speret aut timeat?

Vell. 2, 75, 2:

hosti Ante exspectatum positis stat in agmine castris,

before it was expected, Verg. G. 3, 348; so,

ante exspectatum,

Ov. M. 4, 790; 8, 5; Sen. Ep. 114:

ille ad patrem patriae exspectato revolavit maturius,

than was expected, Vell. 2, 123, 1.

fāma, ae, f. [for, fa-ri], = phêmê, the talk of the multitude, like rumor, either as relating or as judging (v. rumor; cf. also: nomen, gloria, laudatio; clamor, plausus; honos, dignitas, honestas, laus, etc.).

That which people say or tell, the common talk, a report, rumor, saying, tradition (freq. and class.; plur. very rare); absol., or with a statement of the subject-matter annexed with de, or as an object-clause; rarely with gen.

Absol.:

hascine propter res maledicas famas ferunt?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 149: a Brundisio nulla adhuc fama venerat, Cic. Att. 9, 3, 2:

cum tristis a Mutina fama manaret,

id. Phil. 14, 6, 15:

at fuit fama. Quotusquisque est, qui istam effugere potest in tam maledica civitate?

id. Cael. 16, 38: magna illico fama surrexit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 2:

aliquod fama ac nuntiis afferre,

Caes. B. G. 6, 30, 2:

hac fama ad Treviros perlata,

id. ib. 5, 53, 2:

reliquos (deos) ne famā quidem acceperunt,

id. ib. 6, 21, 2; cf.:

quam Eratostheni et quibusdam Graecis famā notam esse video,

id. ib. 6, 24, 2:

concedamus famae hominum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 2:

Daedalus, ut fama est, fugiens, etc.,

Verg. A. 6, 14; cf.:

pulsis (vetus est ut fama) Sabellis,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 36:

ita fama ferebat,

Ov. M. 12, 197:

duplex inde fama est,

a twofold tradition, Liv. 1, 1, 6.— In plur.:

inhonestas famas adjungere diis,

Arn. 7, 219:

per omnem provinciam magnae atrocesque famae ibant,

Sall. H. 1, 67 Dietsch, ex conj.—

Stating the subject-matter or contents.

With de:

si quis quid de republica a finitimis rumore aut fama acceperit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 20, 1:

si quid ipsi audistis communi fama atque sermone de vi, de manu, de armis, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 6, 13:

de interitu P. Clodii,

id. Mil. 35, 98:

de Afranio fama est,

id. Att. 7, 26, 1:

de Titurii morte,

Caes. B. G. 5, 39, 1; cf.:

de victoria Caesaris,

id. ib. 5, 53, 1;

5, 51, 1: de proelio Dyrrhachino,

id. B. C. 3, 80.— Plur.: ingentes esse famas de Regulo, Arrunt. ap. Sen. Ep. 114, 19 fin. —

With an appos. clause:

ne mihi hanc famam differant, Me... dedisse, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 63;

v. differo, B. 2.: accipere fama et auditione, esse quoddam numen et vim deorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

quod tibi esse antiquissimum constante famā atque omnium sermone celebratum est,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8, § 24; so,

constans fama,

Liv. 6, 25, 4:

cum esse praestantem Numam Pompilium fama ferret,

Cic. Rep. 2, 13:

cum fama per orbem terrarum percrebuisset, illum, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 43 fin.:

fama nuntiabat, te esse in Syria,

Cic. Fam. 12, 4, 2:

fama incerta duos equites venisse,

a vague rumor, Liv. 27, 50, 6:

capsis quem (Cassium) fama est esse librisque Ambustum propriis,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 63 al. —

With gen.:

vix ad aures meas istius suspicionis fama pervenit,

Cic. Sull. 4, 12:

propter incertam famam aeris alieni,

an unsupported rumor, Liv. 6, 27, 3.—

Personified: Fama, a goddess, daughter of Terra, swiftfooted, all-seeing, growing as she runs:

Fama, malum qua non aliud velocius ullum,

Verg. A. 4, 173 sq.; Ov. M. 12, 43 sq.; Val. Fl. 2, 116 sq.; Stat. Th. 3, 426 sq.; Ov. M. 8, 267; 9, 137; 14, 726; 15, 4; 853 al.

The voice or judgment of the many, public opinion; more freq. objectively, the fame, character, reputation which a man has, either in general or in particular, as a good or bad reputation, etc. (very freq. and class.).

In gen.:

famam atque rumores pars altera consensum civitatis et velut publicum testimonium vocat: altera sermonem sine ullo certo auctore dispersum, cui malignitas initium dederit, incrementum credulitas,

Quint. 5, 3; cf.:

adversus famam rumoresque hominum si satis firmus steteris,

Liv. 22, 39, 18:

contra opinionem militum famamque omnium videri proelium defugisse, magnum detrimentum afferebat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 56 fin.: fama popularis, popular fame or favor, Cic. Tusc. 3, 2, 4; 5, 16, 46:

forensis,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 5, 17: de bona fama (quam enim appellant eudoxian, aptius est hoc loco bonam famam appellare quam gloriam), Cic. Fin. 3, 17, 57:

bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,

id. Att. 7, 26, 1; cf.:

qui bonam famam bonorum, quae sola vere gloria nominari potest, expetunt,

id. Sest. 66, 139; Sall. C. 7, 6:

si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 70 sq.:

bona,

Cat. 61, 62:

bene loquendi fama,

Cic. Brut. 74, 259:

eloquentiae,

Quint. 7, 1, 41:

sapientiae,

Cic. Lael. 4, 15:

pudica,

Prop. 2, 32 (3, 30), 21:

alium mala fama et timor impediebat,

Sall. J. 35, 4:

inconstantiae,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 11:

vappae ac nebulonis,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 12.—In plur.: inter arma civilia aequi boni famas petit, Sall. Fragm. ap. Sen. Ep. 114, 19 (Hist. inc. lib. 76 Dietsch).—

In partic.

In a good sense, fair fame, reputation, renown, = existumatio, fama bona:

ut vos mihi domi eritis, proinde ego ero famā foris,

Tert. Hec. 2, 1, 21: fundamentum [p. 723] est perpetuae commendationis et famae justitia, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

fama et existimatio,

id. Quint. 15, 50; cf.:

ut ante collectam famam conservet (for which, shortly after: habet existimationem multo sudore collectam),

id. Div. in Caecil. 22, 71:

sic ejus (Archiae) adventus celebrabantur, ut famam ingenii exspectatio hominis superaret... hac tanta celebritate famae cum esset jam absentibus notus, etc. (shortly before: celeriter antecellere omnibus ingenii gloriā contigit),

id. Arch. 3, 5;

so corresp. to gloria,

id. Tusc. 1, 46, 110:

fama ingeni abicienda,

id. Fam. 9, 16, 3;

with the latter cf.: anxius de fama ingenii,

Quint. 11, 1, 50; 74:

de alicujus fama detrahere,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5:

famam in tuto collocare,

Quint. 12, 11, 7:

ejus scripta tantum intra famam sunt,

id. 11, 3, 8:

ad famam populi Romani pertinere, eos consules esse, etc.,

Liv. 10, 24, 17:

(ut amicorum) aut caput agatur aut fama,

Cic. Lael. 17, 61:

loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

id. ib. 25, 94:

virtus, fama, decus divitiis parent,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 95:

cui gratia, fama, valetudo, contingat abunde,

id. Ep. 1, 4, 10:

famam dicendi fortius quaerunt,

Quint. 2, 12, 9: Evadne... Occidit Argivae fama pudicitiae, the glory or pride of Argive chastity, i. e. of the chaste women of Argos, Prop. 1, 15, 22.—Esp.: magna fama, great reputation, fame, glory:

magnam famam attulisse Fabio Tarentum rebatur,

Liv. 27, 25, 11:

magnam famam sui relinquere,

Nep. Lys. 1, 1:

habere,

Plin. 36, 21, 39, § 149.—

In a bad sense, illfame, infamy, scandal, = infamia, fama mala (rare): opplere (aliquem) famā ac flagitiis, Turp. ap. Non. 306, 2; Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 10:

neque specie famāve movetur, Nec jam furtivum Dido meditatur amorem,

Verg. A. 4, 172; Sall. C. 3, 5; Tac. A. 12, 49; Plin. Pan. 28, 1; cf.:

laeta apud plerosque, apud quosdam sinistra fama,

Tac. A. 11, 19.

fīdūcĭa, ae, f. [fido], trust, confidence, reliance, assurance (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

prope certam fiduciam salutis praebere,

Liv. 45, 8, 6; cf.:

jam de te spem habeo, nondum fiduciam,

Sen. Ep. 16:

spes atque fiducia,

Caes. B. C. 1, 20, 2:

tyrannorum vita, nimirum in qua nulla fides, nulla stabilis benevolentiae potest esse fiducia,

Cic. Lael. 15, 52:

hoc se colle Galli fiduciā loci continebant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 2:

tantam habebat (Curio) suarum rerum fiduciam,

id. B. C. 2, 37, 1:

arcae nostrae fiduciam conturbare,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12, 5:

vitae nostrae,

Ov. M. 1, 356:

falsa'st ista tuae, mulier, fiducia formae,

Prop. 3 (4), 24, 1; Ov. H. 16, 321:

fiducia alicujus,

Cic. Verr. 1, 14, 40:

nihil est, quod in dextram aurem fiducia mei dormias,

by reason of any confidence you have in me, Plin. Ep. 4, 29, 1:

tantane vos generis tenuit fiducia vestri?

Verg. A. 1, 132:

quae sit fiducia capto,

on what the captive relied, hoped? id. ib. 2, 75:

humanis quae sit fiducia rebus,

reliance, id. ib. 10, 152:

mirabundi, unde tanta audacia, tanta fiducia sui victis ac fugatis,

self-confidence, confidence in themselves, Liv. 25, 37, 12:

mei tergi facio haec, non tui fiducia,

i. e. at my own peril, Plaut. Most, 1, 1, 37; for which, with the pron. possess.:

mea (instead of mei) fiducia opus conduxi et meo periculo rem gero,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 100: nunc propter te tuamque pravus factus est fiduciam, reliance on you (for tuique), id. ib. 3, 3, 9:

hanc fiduciam fuisse accusatoribus falsa obiciendi,

Quint. 7, 2, 30:

praestandi, quod exigebatur, fiducia, id. prooem. § 3: nec mihi fiducia est, ut ea sola esse contendam,

id. 5, 12, 1.—

Concr.:

spes et fiducia gentis Regulus,

Sil. 2, 342; Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 1.—

In partic., for fiducia sui, self-confidence, boldness, courage:

omnes alacres et fiduciae pleni ad Alesiam proficiscuntur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 76, 5:

timorem suum sperabat fiduciam barbaris allaturum,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 10, 1:

consul ubi, quanta fiducia esset hosti sensit, etc.,

Liv. 34, 46, 5 and 8:

hostis,

id. 30, 29, 4:

nimia,

Nep. Pel. 3:

fiduciam igitur orator prae se ferat,

Quint. 5, 13, 51:

simplicitate eorum et fiduciā motus,

Suet. Claud. 25:

non quo fiducia desit (mihi),

Ov. H. 17, 37. —With a play in the meaning A. supra: Pe. Qua fiducia ausus (es) filiam meam dicere esse? Ep. Lubuit;

ea fiducia,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 32.—

Transf.

Objectively (synon. with fides, II. A.), trustiness, fidelity:

ut quod meae concreditum est Taciturnitati clam, fidei et fiduciae, Ne enuntiarem cuiquam, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 105:

ibo ad te, fretus tua, Fides, fiducia,

id. Aul. 3, 6, 50.—

Jurid. t. t., that which is intrusted to another on condition of its being returned, a deposit, pledge, security, pawn, mortgage:

si tutor fidem praestare debet, si socius, si, cui mandaris, si qui fiduciam acceperit, debet etiam procurator,

Cic. Top. 10, 42:

fiduciā acceptā... fiduciam committere alicui,

id. Fl. 21, 51:

per fiduciae rationem fraudare quempiam,

id. Caecin. 3, 7; cf.:

judicium fiduciae,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 16; id. N. D. 3, 30, 74: reliquorum judiciorum haec verba maxime excellunt: in arbitrio rei uxoriae, MELIVS AEQVIVS;

in fiducia, VT INTER BONOS BENE AGIER, etc.,

id. Off. 3, 15, 61; cf.:

ubi porro illa formula fiduciae, VT INTER BONOS BENE AGIER OPORTET,

id. Fam. 7, 12, 2 (cf. also id. Top. 17, 66); Gai. Inst. 2, 59 sq.; Paul. Sent. 2, 13, 1 sqq.; cf. Dict. of Antiq. p. 443.

fīdus, a, um, adj. [fido, that one may rely on], trusty, truslworthy, faithful, sure (class.).

Prop., constr. absol., with dat., poet. also with gen.

Absol.:

nihil est stabile quod infidum... Neque enim fidum potest esse multiplex ingenium et tortuosum,

Cic. Lael. 18, 65; cf.:

(amico) probo et fideli et fido et cum magna fide,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 4, 4:

tum se intellexisse, quos fidos amicos habuisset, quos infidos,

Cic. Lael. 15, 53:

amici,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 24:

sodales,

id. S. 2, 1, 30:

fidissima atque optima uxor,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6:

conjux,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 142:

bonus atque fidus judex,

impartial, id. C. 4, 9, 40:

medici,

id. Ep. 1, 8, 9:

interpres,

id. A. P. 133:

fidiora haec genera hominum fore ratus,

Liv. 40, 3, 4:

nihil fidum, nihil exploratum habere,

Cic. Lael. 26, 97:

familiaritates fidae,

id. Off. 2, 8, 30:

canum tam fida custodia,

id. N. D. 2, 63, 158:

vis canum,

Lucr. 6, 1222; cf.:

pectus canum,

id. 5, 864:

pectus,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 16:

fido animo,

firm, steadfast, Liv. 25, 15, 13. —

With dat.:

(servum) quem domino fidissimum credebat,

Liv. 33, 28, 13 (but cf.: fidus est amicus, fidelis servus, Don. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 26):

quae fida fuit nulli,

Tib. 1, 6, 77:

nec tibi fidam promittis Lacaenam,

Ov. H. 5, 99:

ne quid usquam fidum proditori esset,

no faith should be kept with a traitor, Liv. 1, 11, 7:

ut eos sibi fidiores redderet,

Just. 16, 5, 2.—

Poet. with gen.:

regina tui fidissima,

most faithful towards you, Verg. A. 12, 659; and with gen. partit.:

juvenum fidos, lectissima bello Corpora, sollicitat pretio,

the trusty ones, trustiest of the youth, Stat. Th. 2, 483.—

With in or ad, and acc.:

in amicos fidissimus,

Eutr. 7, 8:

fidi ad bella duces,

Nemes. Cyn. 82.—

With in and abl.:

sperabam te mihi fidum in hoc nostro amore fore,

Cat. 91, 1 sq. —

Transf., objectively of inanim. and abstr. things, sure, certain, safe, trustworthy (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; in Cic. Att. 9, 6, 10, fuga fida is not critically certain; v. Orell. N. cr. ad loc.).

Absol.:

aures,

Ov. M. 10, 382:

spes fidissima Teucrum,

Verg. A. 2, 281:

ensis,

trusty, id. ib. 6, 524:

alii litora cursu fida petunt,

id. ib. 2, 400:

nec unquam satis fida potentia, ubi nimia est,

Tac. H. 2, 92:

pons validus et fidus,

id. A. 15, 15 fin.:

male fidas provincias,

id. H. 1, 52. —

With dat.:

(oppidum) naviganti celerrimum fidissimumque appulsu,

Tac. A. 3, 1; cf.:

statio male fida carinis,

Verg. A. 2, 23:

montem tantos inter ardores opacum et fidum nivibus,

Tac. H. 5, 6.— Sup.:

nox arcanis fidissima,

Ov. M. 7, 192:

camelino (genitali) arcus intendere, orientis populis fidissimum,

the surest, Plin. 11, 49, 109, § 261:

refugium,

Tac. A. 5, 8. — Hence, adv.: fīde, faithfully, trustily (perh. only in the sup.):

quae mihi a te ad timorem fidissime atque amantissime proponuntur,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 4 (al. fidelissime):

fidissime amicissimeque vixerunt,

Gell. 12, 8, 6.

fīdus = foedus, a league, v. 2. foedus init.

grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].

(Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

aliquem restituere in gratiam,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

in gratiam reducere,

id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

alicujus gratiam sequi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

ab aliquo inire gratiam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

magnam inire gratiam,

id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

Liv. 33, 46, 7:

apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

id. 36, 5, 3:

at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

gratiā plurimum posse,

id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

gratiā valere,

id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

Juv. 13, 4:

quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

id. ib. 11, 24:

non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—

Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

corporis,

id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

Quint. 10, 1, 96:

sermonis Attici,

id. ib. 65;

12, 10, 35: dicendi,

id. 9, 3, 74:

brevitatis novitatisque,

id. ib. 58:

omnis bene scriptorum,

id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,

As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.

Favor which one shows to another, mark of favor, kindness, courtesy, service, obligation.

In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

alicui delicti gratiam facere,

to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

in gratiam alicujus,

id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

Juv. 8, 64.—

In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

id. Fam. 1, 10:

justissimas gratias agere,

id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

gratias habere,

Liv. 24, 37, 7:

alicui summas gratias habere,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

id. Planc. 33, 80:

pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

Liv. 1, 47, 7:

gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:

grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).

With gen.:

sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

honoris gratia nomino,

Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

hereditatis gratia,

id. 5, 12, 5:

quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

Sall. C. 23, 1:

profectus gratia dicere,

Quint. 2, 10, 9:

brevitatis gratia,

id. 4, 2, 43:

decoris gratia,

id. 8, 6, 65:

difficultatis gratia,

id. 9, 2, 77:

aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

id. 9, 2, 8:

praesentis gratia litis,

id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

tentandi gratia,

Sall. J. 47, 2:

hiemandi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 3:

colloquendi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 4:

placandi gratia,

id. ib. 71, 5:

simulandi gratia,

id. ib. 37, 4:

sui exposcendi gratia,

Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

Quint. 9, 3, 28:

elevandae invidiae gratia,

id. 5, 13, 40:

recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

id. 11, 1, 79:

vitandae similitudinis gratia,

id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

exempli gratia,

Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

Quint. 6, 5, 6:

eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

gratiā decoris,

Quint. 8 praef. §

18: compositionis,

id. 9, 4, 58:

lenitatis,

id. 9, 4, 144:

significationis,

id. 8, 6, 2.—

With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

meā gratiā,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

abire istac gratia,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

eā gratiā,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

Sall. J. 54, 4:

id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 80, 4.—

grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

Mart. 14, 175, 2:

id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

gratis rei publicae servire,

id. Clu. 26, 71:

tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

Mart. 5, 16, 10:

virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

48: habitent gratis in alieno?

id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

habitare in aedibus alienis,

Dig. 39, 5, 9:

habitationem cui dare,

free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].

(Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

aliquem restituere in gratiam,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

in gratiam reducere,

id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

alicujus gratiam sequi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

ab aliquo inire gratiam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

magnam inire gratiam,

id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

Liv. 33, 46, 7:

apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

id. 36, 5, 3:

at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

gratiā plurimum posse,

id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

gratiā valere,

id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

Juv. 13, 4:

quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

id. ib. 11, 24:

non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—

Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

corporis,

id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

Quint. 10, 1, 96:

sermonis Attici,

id. ib. 65;

12, 10, 35: dicendi,

id. 9, 3, 74:

brevitatis novitatisque,

id. ib. 58:

omnis bene scriptorum,

id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,

As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.

Favor which one shows to another, mark of favor, kindness, courtesy, service, obligation.

In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

alicui delicti gratiam facere,

to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

in gratiam alicujus,

id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

Juv. 8, 64.—

In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

id. Fam. 1, 10:

justissimas gratias agere,

id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

gratias habere,

Liv. 24, 37, 7:

alicui summas gratias habere,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

id. Planc. 33, 80:

pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

Liv. 1, 47, 7:

gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:

grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).

With gen.:

sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

honoris gratia nomino,

Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

hereditatis gratia,

id. 5, 12, 5:

quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

Sall. C. 23, 1:

profectus gratia dicere,

Quint. 2, 10, 9:

brevitatis gratia,

id. 4, 2, 43:

decoris gratia,

id. 8, 6, 65:

difficultatis gratia,

id. 9, 2, 77:

aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

id. 9, 2, 8:

praesentis gratia litis,

id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

tentandi gratia,

Sall. J. 47, 2:

hiemandi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 3:

colloquendi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 4:

placandi gratia,

id. ib. 71, 5:

simulandi gratia,

id. ib. 37, 4:

sui exposcendi gratia,

Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

Quint. 9, 3, 28:

elevandae invidiae gratia,

id. 5, 13, 40:

recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

id. 11, 1, 79:

vitandae similitudinis gratia,

id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

exempli gratia,

Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

Quint. 6, 5, 6:

eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

gratiā decoris,

Quint. 8 praef. §

18: compositionis,

id. 9, 4, 58:

lenitatis,

id. 9, 4, 144:

significationis,

id. 8, 6, 2.—

With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

meā gratiā,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

abire istac gratia,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

eā gratiā,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

Sall. J. 54, 4:

id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 80, 4.—

grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

Mart. 14, 175, 2:

id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

gratis rei publicae servire,

id. Clu. 26, 71:

tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

Mart. 5, 16, 10:

virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

48: habitent gratis in alieno?

id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

habitare in aedibus alienis,

Dig. 39, 5, 9:

habitationem cui dare,

free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

hŏnor or hŏnos (the latter form almost exclusively in Cic., who has honor only Phil. 9, 6 fin., and Fragm. pro Tull. 21; also in Caes., Liv., Sall., Prop., Verg., Nep., and Curt.; but honor in Sen., Vell., Ov.; and Hor. and Tac. use both forms. Honos was antiquated in Quintilian's day, v. Quint. 1, 4, 13; Neue, Formenl. 1, 168 sq.), ōris (archaic gen. honorus, like venerus, Lex Puteol. ap. Haubold, n. 7), m. [perh. Sanscr. hu-, call], honor, repute, esteem in which a person or thing is held.

Lit.

In gen.:

cum honos sit praemium virtutis judicio studioque civium delatum ad aliquem, qui eum sententiis, qui suffragiis adeptus est, is mihi et honestus et honoratus videtur. Qui autem occasione aliqua etiam invitis suis civibus nactus est imperium, hunc nomen honoris adeptum, non honorem puto,

Cic. Brut. 81, 281; cf.:

is autem, qui vere appellari potest honos, non invitamentum ad tempus, sed perpetuae virtutis est praemium,

id. Fam. 10, 10, 1 sq.:

honos alit artes omnesque incenduntur ad studia gloria,

id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4;

so with gloria,

id. Part. 24, 87: si honos is fuit, majorem tibi habere non [p. 862] potui, id. Fam. 5, 20, 2:

quanto et honor hic illo est amplior, etc.,

id. Att. 9, 2, A, 1:

gratia, dignitate, honore auctus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 8:

amplissimis honoribus et praemiis decorari... honos maximus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232:

ut eum amplissimo regis honore et nomine affeceris,

id. Deiot. 5, 14:

aliquem praecipuo honore habere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 4:

suum cuique honorem et gradum reddere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:

apud eum sunt in honore et in pretio,

id. ib. 28, 77; Caes. B. C. 3, 61, 1; so with in:

in honore magno esse,

Cic. Brut. 8, 30:

summo in honore,

id. de Or. 1, 55, 235; id. Off. 2, 19, 65:

tanto in honore,

id. Tusc. 2, 2, 4; Caes. B. C. 1, 77, 2; 3, 47, 7; Liv. 42, 6, 12; but without in:

Jovem autem quanto honore in suo templo fuisse arbitramini,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129:

(Druides) magno sunt apud eos honore,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 4; 5, 54, 5; Liv. 1, 40, 1; Tac. A. 14, 6; id. H. 1, 6, 4:

honorem accipere,

Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 1:

honorem huic generi (i. e. poëtis) non fuisse declarat oratio Catonis,

id. Tusc. 1, 2, 3:

honori summo nostro Miloni fuit qui P. Clodii conatus compressit,

id. Off. 2, 17, 58; cf.:

quod (i. e. medium ex tribus sedere) apud Numidas honori ducitur,

Sall. J. 11, 3:

rite suum Baccho dicemus honorem,

honor, praise, Verg. G. 2, 393: tanto ille vobis quam mihi pejorem honorem habuit, worse honor, i. e. greater dishonor or disgrace, Q. Metell. ap. Gell. 12, 9, 4; cf.:

exsilii honor,

i. e. honorable exile, Tac. H. 1, 21.—Personified:

tute pone te latebis facile, ne inveniat te honos,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 37.—Of inanim. and abstr. things, honor, esteem, value:

physicae quoque non sine causa tributus idem est honos,

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Fam. 7, 26, 2:

ornatus ille admirabilis, propter quem ascendit in tantum honorem eloquentia,

id. Or. 36, 125:

multa renascentur quae jam cecidere, cadentque Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula, si volet usus,

Hor. A. P. 71:

apud antiquos piscium nobilissimus habitus acipenser nullo in honore est,

Plin. 9, 17, 27, § 60; 19, 6, 32, § 104:

vino Pramnio etiam nunc honos durat,

id. 14, 4, 6, § 54 al. —

In partic.

Public honor, official dignity, office, post, preferment (cf. munus):

ita quaestor sum factus, ut mihi honorem illum tum non solum datum, sed etiam creditum ac commissum putem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 35:

ille honoris gradus,

id. Sull. 29, 82:

equites Romanos in tribunicium restituit honorem,

Caes. B. C. 1, 77 fin.:

extraordinarium honorem appetere,

id. ib. 1, 32, 2:

hic ipse honos (sc. dictatura), delatus ad me, testis est innocentiae meae,

Liv. 9, 26, 14:

curulem adferri sellam eo jussit (Flavius) ac sede honoris sui inimicos spectavit,

id. 9, 46, 9:

honore abiit,

Suet. Aug. 26; cf.:

deposito honore,

id. ib. 36:

paene honore summotus est,

id. Claud. 9:

honor municipalis est administratio rei publicae cum dignitatis gradu, sive cum sumtu, sive sine erogatione contingens,

Dig. 50, 4, 14 pr.: honorem aut magistratum gerere, Gai Inst. 1, 96:

clari velamen honoris sufficiunt tunicae summis aedilibus albae,

Juv. 3, 178:

tempus honoris,

the term of office, id. 8, 150:

honorem militiae largiri,

military honors, id. 7, 88.—In plur.:

populum Romanum hominibus novis industriis libenter honores mandare semperque mandasse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 37, § 81; cf.:

qui (populus) stultus honores Saepe dat indignis,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 15:

ascendisset ad honores, nisi, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 68, 241:

honoribus amplissimis et laboribus maximis perfungi,

id. Fam. 1, 8, 3:

obrepisti ad honores errore hominum,

id. Pis. 1, 1:

Catulus maximis honoribus usus,

Sall. C. 49, 2:

magistratus atque honores capere,

Suet. Aug. 26:

largiri opes, honores,

Tac. A. 11, 12.—

Particular phrases.

Honoris causa.

Out of respect, in order to show honor (class.):

C. Curio, quem ego hominem honoris potius quam contumeliae causa nominatum volo,

Cic. Verr. 1, 7, 18:

quem honoris causa nomino,

id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

toties hunc et virum bonum esse dixisti et honoris causa appellasti,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 18:

Campanis equitum honoris causa, civitas sine suffragio data,

Liv. 8, 14, 10; 32, 34, 8; 39, 22, 2.—

For the sake of (ante-class.):

ejus honoris causa, feci thensaurum ut hic reperiret Euclio,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 25: mei honoris causa mittere coquos, id. ib. 3, 4, 4:

huc honoris vostri venio gratia,

id. Am. 3, 1, 7; id. Stich. 2, 2, 14:

vestri honoris causa,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 35.—

Praefari or dicere honorem, to make an excuse in saying any thing that may be distasteful = by your leave or saving your presence:

si dicimus: ille patrem strangulavit, honorem non praefamur. Sin de Aurelia aliquid aut Lollia, honos. praefandus est,

Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 4;

for which: haec sunt quae retulisse fas sit, ac pleraque ex his non nisi honore dicto,

Plin. 28, 8, 24, § 87; cf.

also: honos auribus sit,

i. e. pardon the expression, Curt. 5, 1, 22.—

Personified, Hŏnor or Hŏnos, as a deity whose temple adjoined that of Virtus, and who was worshipped with uncovered head, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 121; id. Sest. 54, 116; id. Leg. 2, 23, 58; Val. Max. 1, 1, 8; Liv. 27, 25, 7 sqq.; Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 21; Inscr. Orell. 543.

Transf.

Concr., any thing given as a mark of honor, an honorary gift, a reward, acknowledgment, recompense, fee; a sacrifice; funeral rites; a legacy, etc. (mostly poet. and since the Aug. period):

Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui,... honori posterorum tuorum ut vindex fieres,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 18:

Curio misi, ut medico honos haberetur et tibi daret quod opus esset,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3; Vitr. 10, 22:

geminum pugnae proponit honorem,

Verg. A. 5, 365:

nil victor honoris Ex opibus posco,

Sil. 9, 199:

dicite, Pierides, quonam donetur honore Neaera,

Tib. 3, 1, 5:

nec Telamon sine honore recessit Hesioneque data potitur,

Ov. M. 11, 216:

arae sacrificiis fument, honore, donis cumulentur,

Liv. 8, 33, 21:

divūm templis indicit honorem,

Verg. A. 1, 632; Ov. F. 4, 409:

nullos aris adoleret honores,

id. M. 8, 742:

meritos aris mactavit honores,

Verg. A. 3, 118:

honore sepulturae carere,

Cic. de Sen. 20, 75; id. Inv. 1, 55, 108:

cernit ibi maestos et mortis honore carentes Leucaspim, etc.,

Verg. A. 6, 333; cf. Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 45:

mille viri, qui supremum comitentur honorem,

Verg. A. 11, 61:

solutus honos cineri,

Val. Fl. 3, 357:

honorem habere alicui,

Curt. 3, 12, 13:

omnem honorem funeri servare,

id. 4, 10, 23:

communem sepulturae honorem alicui tribuere,

Suet. Aug. 17:

nec enim quaerimus, cui acquiratur, sed cui honos habitus est,

the honorary legacy, Dig. 37, 5, 3; 32, 1, 11:

sepulturae honore spoliatus,

Val. Max. 4, 7, 1; 9, 8, 1 fin.; cf.:

supremitatis honor,

Amm. 31, 13:

supremus condicionis humanae honos,

Val. Max. 6, 3, 1.—

Objectively, a quality that brings honor or consideration, an ornament, grace, charm, beauty ( poet.):

silvis Aquilo decussit honorem,

Verg. G. 2, 404:

December silvis honorem decutit,

Hor. Epod. 11, 6; cf.:

populeus cui frondis honor,

Val. Fl. 6, 296:

notus in vultus honor,

Hor. Epod. 17, 18; Stat. Th. 10, 788.—In plur.:

laetos oculis afflārat honores,

Verg. A. 1, 591; cf. Sil. 12, 244:

hic tibi copia Manabit ad plenum benigno Ruris honorum opulenta cornu,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 16:

nullum ver usquam nullique aestatis honores,

Sil. 3, 487.—

A magistrate, office-holder:

sed cum summus honor finito computet anno, sportula quid referat,

Juv. 1, 117; cf. v. 110.

hŏnor or hŏnos (the latter form almost exclusively in Cic., who has honor only Phil. 9, 6 fin., and Fragm. pro Tull. 21; also in Caes., Liv., Sall., Prop., Verg., Nep., and Curt.; but honor in Sen., Vell., Ov.; and Hor. and Tac. use both forms. Honos was antiquated in Quintilian's day, v. Quint. 1, 4, 13; Neue, Formenl. 1, 168 sq.), ōris (archaic gen. honorus, like venerus, Lex Puteol. ap. Haubold, n. 7), m. [perh. Sanscr. hu-, call], honor, repute, esteem in which a person or thing is held.

Lit.

In gen.:

cum honos sit praemium virtutis judicio studioque civium delatum ad aliquem, qui eum sententiis, qui suffragiis adeptus est, is mihi et honestus et honoratus videtur. Qui autem occasione aliqua etiam invitis suis civibus nactus est imperium, hunc nomen honoris adeptum, non honorem puto,

Cic. Brut. 81, 281; cf.:

is autem, qui vere appellari potest honos, non invitamentum ad tempus, sed perpetuae virtutis est praemium,

id. Fam. 10, 10, 1 sq.:

honos alit artes omnesque incenduntur ad studia gloria,

id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4;

so with gloria,

id. Part. 24, 87: si honos is fuit, majorem tibi habere non [p. 862] potui, id. Fam. 5, 20, 2:

quanto et honor hic illo est amplior, etc.,

id. Att. 9, 2, A, 1:

gratia, dignitate, honore auctus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 8:

amplissimis honoribus et praemiis decorari... honos maximus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232:

ut eum amplissimo regis honore et nomine affeceris,

id. Deiot. 5, 14:

aliquem praecipuo honore habere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 4:

suum cuique honorem et gradum reddere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:

apud eum sunt in honore et in pretio,

id. ib. 28, 77; Caes. B. C. 3, 61, 1; so with in:

in honore magno esse,

Cic. Brut. 8, 30:

summo in honore,

id. de Or. 1, 55, 235; id. Off. 2, 19, 65:

tanto in honore,

id. Tusc. 2, 2, 4; Caes. B. C. 1, 77, 2; 3, 47, 7; Liv. 42, 6, 12; but without in:

Jovem autem quanto honore in suo templo fuisse arbitramini,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129:

(Druides) magno sunt apud eos honore,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 4; 5, 54, 5; Liv. 1, 40, 1; Tac. A. 14, 6; id. H. 1, 6, 4:

honorem accipere,

Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 1:

honorem huic generi (i. e. poëtis) non fuisse declarat oratio Catonis,

id. Tusc. 1, 2, 3:

honori summo nostro Miloni fuit qui P. Clodii conatus compressit,

id. Off. 2, 17, 58; cf.:

quod (i. e. medium ex tribus sedere) apud Numidas honori ducitur,

Sall. J. 11, 3:

rite suum Baccho dicemus honorem,

honor, praise, Verg. G. 2, 393: tanto ille vobis quam mihi pejorem honorem habuit, worse honor, i. e. greater dishonor or disgrace, Q. Metell. ap. Gell. 12, 9, 4; cf.:

exsilii honor,

i. e. honorable exile, Tac. H. 1, 21.—Personified:

tute pone te latebis facile, ne inveniat te honos,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 37.—Of inanim. and abstr. things, honor, esteem, value:

physicae quoque non sine causa tributus idem est honos,

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Fam. 7, 26, 2:

ornatus ille admirabilis, propter quem ascendit in tantum honorem eloquentia,

id. Or. 36, 125:

multa renascentur quae jam cecidere, cadentque Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula, si volet usus,

Hor. A. P. 71:

apud antiquos piscium nobilissimus habitus acipenser nullo in honore est,

Plin. 9, 17, 27, § 60; 19, 6, 32, § 104:

vino Pramnio etiam nunc honos durat,

id. 14, 4, 6, § 54 al. —

In partic.

Public honor, official dignity, office, post, preferment (cf. munus):

ita quaestor sum factus, ut mihi honorem illum tum non solum datum, sed etiam creditum ac commissum putem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 35:

ille honoris gradus,

id. Sull. 29, 82:

equites Romanos in tribunicium restituit honorem,

Caes. B. C. 1, 77 fin.:

extraordinarium honorem appetere,

id. ib. 1, 32, 2:

hic ipse honos (sc. dictatura), delatus ad me, testis est innocentiae meae,

Liv. 9, 26, 14:

curulem adferri sellam eo jussit (Flavius) ac sede honoris sui inimicos spectavit,

id. 9, 46, 9:

honore abiit,

Suet. Aug. 26; cf.:

deposito honore,

id. ib. 36:

paene honore summotus est,

id. Claud. 9:

honor municipalis est administratio rei publicae cum dignitatis gradu, sive cum sumtu, sive sine erogatione contingens,

Dig. 50, 4, 14 pr.: honorem aut magistratum gerere, Gai Inst. 1, 96:

clari velamen honoris sufficiunt tunicae summis aedilibus albae,

Juv. 3, 178:

tempus honoris,

the term of office, id. 8, 150:

honorem militiae largiri,

military honors, id. 7, 88.—In plur.:

populum Romanum hominibus novis industriis libenter honores mandare semperque mandasse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 37, § 81; cf.:

qui (populus) stultus honores Saepe dat indignis,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 15:

ascendisset ad honores, nisi, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 68, 241:

honoribus amplissimis et laboribus maximis perfungi,

id. Fam. 1, 8, 3:

obrepisti ad honores errore hominum,

id. Pis. 1, 1:

Catulus maximis honoribus usus,

Sall. C. 49, 2:

magistratus atque honores capere,

Suet. Aug. 26:

largiri opes, honores,

Tac. A. 11, 12.—

Particular phrases.

Honoris causa.

Out of respect, in order to show honor (class.):

C. Curio, quem ego hominem honoris potius quam contumeliae causa nominatum volo,

Cic. Verr. 1, 7, 18:

quem honoris causa nomino,

id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

toties hunc et virum bonum esse dixisti et honoris causa appellasti,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 18:

Campanis equitum honoris causa, civitas sine suffragio data,

Liv. 8, 14, 10; 32, 34, 8; 39, 22, 2.—

For the sake of (ante-class.):

ejus honoris causa, feci thensaurum ut hic reperiret Euclio,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 25: mei honoris causa mittere coquos, id. ib. 3, 4, 4:

huc honoris vostri venio gratia,

id. Am. 3, 1, 7; id. Stich. 2, 2, 14:

vestri honoris causa,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 35.—

Praefari or dicere honorem, to make an excuse in saying any thing that may be distasteful = by your leave or saving your presence:

si dicimus: ille patrem strangulavit, honorem non praefamur. Sin de Aurelia aliquid aut Lollia, honos. praefandus est,

Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 4;

for which: haec sunt quae retulisse fas sit, ac pleraque ex his non nisi honore dicto,

Plin. 28, 8, 24, § 87; cf.

also: honos auribus sit,

i. e. pardon the expression, Curt. 5, 1, 22.—

Personified, Hŏnor or Hŏnos, as a deity whose temple adjoined that of Virtus, and who was worshipped with uncovered head, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 121; id. Sest. 54, 116; id. Leg. 2, 23, 58; Val. Max. 1, 1, 8; Liv. 27, 25, 7 sqq.; Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 21; Inscr. Orell. 543.

Transf.

Concr., any thing given as a mark of honor, an honorary gift, a reward, acknowledgment, recompense, fee; a sacrifice; funeral rites; a legacy, etc. (mostly poet. and since the Aug. period):

Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui,... honori posterorum tuorum ut vindex fieres,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 18:

Curio misi, ut medico honos haberetur et tibi daret quod opus esset,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3; Vitr. 10, 22:

geminum pugnae proponit honorem,

Verg. A. 5, 365:

nil victor honoris Ex opibus posco,

Sil. 9, 199:

dicite, Pierides, quonam donetur honore Neaera,

Tib. 3, 1, 5:

nec Telamon sine honore recessit Hesioneque data potitur,

Ov. M. 11, 216:

arae sacrificiis fument, honore, donis cumulentur,

Liv. 8, 33, 21:

divūm templis indicit honorem,

Verg. A. 1, 632; Ov. F. 4, 409:

nullos aris adoleret honores,

id. M. 8, 742:

meritos aris mactavit honores,

Verg. A. 3, 118:

honore sepulturae carere,

Cic. de Sen. 20, 75; id. Inv. 1, 55, 108:

cernit ibi maestos et mortis honore carentes Leucaspim, etc.,

Verg. A. 6, 333; cf. Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 45:

mille viri, qui supremum comitentur honorem,

Verg. A. 11, 61:

solutus honos cineri,

Val. Fl. 3, 357:

honorem habere alicui,

Curt. 3, 12, 13:

omnem honorem funeri servare,

id. 4, 10, 23:

communem sepulturae honorem alicui tribuere,

Suet. Aug. 17:

nec enim quaerimus, cui acquiratur, sed cui honos habitus est,

the honorary legacy, Dig. 37, 5, 3; 32, 1, 11:

sepulturae honore spoliatus,

Val. Max. 4, 7, 1; 9, 8, 1 fin.; cf.:

supremitatis honor,

Amm. 31, 13:

supremus condicionis humanae honos,

Val. Max. 6, 3, 1.—

Objectively, a quality that brings honor or consideration, an ornament, grace, charm, beauty ( poet.):

silvis Aquilo decussit honorem,

Verg. G. 2, 404:

December silvis honorem decutit,

Hor. Epod. 11, 6; cf.:

populeus cui frondis honor,

Val. Fl. 6, 296:

notus in vultus honor,

Hor. Epod. 17, 18; Stat. Th. 10, 788.—In plur.:

laetos oculis afflārat honores,

Verg. A. 1, 591; cf. Sil. 12, 244:

hic tibi copia Manabit ad plenum benigno Ruris honorum opulenta cornu,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 16:

nullum ver usquam nullique aestatis honores,

Sil. 3, 487.—

A magistrate, office-holder:

sed cum summus honor finito computet anno, sportula quid referat,

Juv. 1, 117; cf. v. 110.

hŏnor or hŏnos (the latter form almost exclusively in Cic., who has honor only Phil. 9, 6 fin., and Fragm. pro Tull. 21; also in Caes., Liv., Sall., Prop., Verg., Nep., and Curt.; but honor in Sen., Vell., Ov.; and Hor. and Tac. use both forms. Honos was antiquated in Quintilian's day, v. Quint. 1, 4, 13; Neue, Formenl. 1, 168 sq.), ōris (archaic gen. honorus, like venerus, Lex Puteol. ap. Haubold, n. 7), m. [perh. Sanscr. hu-, call], honor, repute, esteem in which a person or thing is held.

Lit.

In gen.:

cum honos sit praemium virtutis judicio studioque civium delatum ad aliquem, qui eum sententiis, qui suffragiis adeptus est, is mihi et honestus et honoratus videtur. Qui autem occasione aliqua etiam invitis suis civibus nactus est imperium, hunc nomen honoris adeptum, non honorem puto,

Cic. Brut. 81, 281; cf.:

is autem, qui vere appellari potest honos, non invitamentum ad tempus, sed perpetuae virtutis est praemium,

id. Fam. 10, 10, 1 sq.:

honos alit artes omnesque incenduntur ad studia gloria,

id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4;

so with gloria,

id. Part. 24, 87: si honos is fuit, majorem tibi habere non [p. 862] potui, id. Fam. 5, 20, 2:

quanto et honor hic illo est amplior, etc.,

id. Att. 9, 2, A, 1:

gratia, dignitate, honore auctus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 8:

amplissimis honoribus et praemiis decorari... honos maximus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232:

ut eum amplissimo regis honore et nomine affeceris,

id. Deiot. 5, 14:

aliquem praecipuo honore habere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 4:

suum cuique honorem et gradum reddere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:

apud eum sunt in honore et in pretio,

id. ib. 28, 77; Caes. B. C. 3, 61, 1; so with in:

in honore magno esse,

Cic. Brut. 8, 30:

summo in honore,

id. de Or. 1, 55, 235; id. Off. 2, 19, 65:

tanto in honore,

id. Tusc. 2, 2, 4; Caes. B. C. 1, 77, 2; 3, 47, 7; Liv. 42, 6, 12; but without in:

Jovem autem quanto honore in suo templo fuisse arbitramini,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129:

(Druides) magno sunt apud eos honore,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 4; 5, 54, 5; Liv. 1, 40, 1; Tac. A. 14, 6; id. H. 1, 6, 4:

honorem accipere,

Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 1:

honorem huic generi (i. e. poëtis) non fuisse declarat oratio Catonis,

id. Tusc. 1, 2, 3:

honori summo nostro Miloni fuit qui P. Clodii conatus compressit,

id. Off. 2, 17, 58; cf.:

quod (i. e. medium ex tribus sedere) apud Numidas honori ducitur,

Sall. J. 11, 3:

rite suum Baccho dicemus honorem,

honor, praise, Verg. G. 2, 393: tanto ille vobis quam mihi pejorem honorem habuit, worse honor, i. e. greater dishonor or disgrace, Q. Metell. ap. Gell. 12, 9, 4; cf.:

exsilii honor,

i. e. honorable exile, Tac. H. 1, 21.—Personified:

tute pone te latebis facile, ne inveniat te honos,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 37.—Of inanim. and abstr. things, honor, esteem, value:

physicae quoque non sine causa tributus idem est honos,

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Fam. 7, 26, 2:

ornatus ille admirabilis, propter quem ascendit in tantum honorem eloquentia,

id. Or. 36, 125:

multa renascentur quae jam cecidere, cadentque Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula, si volet usus,

Hor. A. P. 71:

apud antiquos piscium nobilissimus habitus acipenser nullo in honore est,

Plin. 9, 17, 27, § 60; 19, 6, 32, § 104:

vino Pramnio etiam nunc honos durat,

id. 14, 4, 6, § 54 al. —

In partic.

Public honor, official dignity, office, post, preferment (cf. munus):

ita quaestor sum factus, ut mihi honorem illum tum non solum datum, sed etiam creditum ac commissum putem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 35:

ille honoris gradus,

id. Sull. 29, 82:

equites Romanos in tribunicium restituit honorem,

Caes. B. C. 1, 77 fin.:

extraordinarium honorem appetere,

id. ib. 1, 32, 2:

hic ipse honos (sc. dictatura), delatus ad me, testis est innocentiae meae,

Liv. 9, 26, 14:

curulem adferri sellam eo jussit (Flavius) ac sede honoris sui inimicos spectavit,

id. 9, 46, 9:

honore abiit,

Suet. Aug. 26; cf.:

deposito honore,

id. ib. 36:

paene honore summotus est,

id. Claud. 9:

honor municipalis est administratio rei publicae cum dignitatis gradu, sive cum sumtu, sive sine erogatione contingens,

Dig. 50, 4, 14 pr.: honorem aut magistratum gerere, Gai Inst. 1, 96:

clari velamen honoris sufficiunt tunicae summis aedilibus albae,

Juv. 3, 178:

tempus honoris,

the term of office, id. 8, 150:

honorem militiae largiri,

military honors, id. 7, 88.—In plur.:

populum Romanum hominibus novis industriis libenter honores mandare semperque mandasse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 37, § 81; cf.:

qui (populus) stultus honores Saepe dat indignis,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 15:

ascendisset ad honores, nisi, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 68, 241:

honoribus amplissimis et laboribus maximis perfungi,

id. Fam. 1, 8, 3:

obrepisti ad honores errore hominum,

id. Pis. 1, 1:

Catulus maximis honoribus usus,

Sall. C. 49, 2:

magistratus atque honores capere,

Suet. Aug. 26:

largiri opes, honores,

Tac. A. 11, 12.—

Particular phrases.

Honoris causa.

Out of respect, in order to show honor (class.):

C. Curio, quem ego hominem honoris potius quam contumeliae causa nominatum volo,

Cic. Verr. 1, 7, 18:

quem honoris causa nomino,

id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

toties hunc et virum bonum esse dixisti et honoris causa appellasti,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 18:

Campanis equitum honoris causa, civitas sine suffragio data,

Liv. 8, 14, 10; 32, 34, 8; 39, 22, 2.—

For the sake of (ante-class.):

ejus honoris causa, feci thensaurum ut hic reperiret Euclio,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 25: mei honoris causa mittere coquos, id. ib. 3, 4, 4:

huc honoris vostri venio gratia,

id. Am. 3, 1, 7; id. Stich. 2, 2, 14:

vestri honoris causa,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 35.—

Praefari or dicere honorem, to make an excuse in saying any thing that may be distasteful = by your leave or saving your presence:

si dicimus: ille patrem strangulavit, honorem non praefamur. Sin de Aurelia aliquid aut Lollia, honos. praefandus est,

Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 4;

for which: haec sunt quae retulisse fas sit, ac pleraque ex his non nisi honore dicto,

Plin. 28, 8, 24, § 87; cf.

also: honos auribus sit,

i. e. pardon the expression, Curt. 5, 1, 22.—

Personified, Hŏnor or Hŏnos, as a deity whose temple adjoined that of Virtus, and who was worshipped with uncovered head, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 121; id. Sest. 54, 116; id. Leg. 2, 23, 58; Val. Max. 1, 1, 8; Liv. 27, 25, 7 sqq.; Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 21; Inscr. Orell. 543.

Transf.

Concr., any thing given as a mark of honor, an honorary gift, a reward, acknowledgment, recompense, fee; a sacrifice; funeral rites; a legacy, etc. (mostly poet. and since the Aug. period):

Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui,... honori posterorum tuorum ut vindex fieres,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 18:

Curio misi, ut medico honos haberetur et tibi daret quod opus esset,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3; Vitr. 10, 22:

geminum pugnae proponit honorem,

Verg. A. 5, 365:

nil victor honoris Ex opibus posco,

Sil. 9, 199:

dicite, Pierides, quonam donetur honore Neaera,

Tib. 3, 1, 5:

nec Telamon sine honore recessit Hesioneque data potitur,

Ov. M. 11, 216:

arae sacrificiis fument, honore, donis cumulentur,

Liv. 8, 33, 21:

divūm templis indicit honorem,

Verg. A. 1, 632; Ov. F. 4, 409:

nullos aris adoleret honores,

id. M. 8, 742:

meritos aris mactavit honores,

Verg. A. 3, 118:

honore sepulturae carere,

Cic. de Sen. 20, 75; id. Inv. 1, 55, 108:

cernit ibi maestos et mortis honore carentes Leucaspim, etc.,

Verg. A. 6, 333; cf. Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 45:

mille viri, qui supremum comitentur honorem,

Verg. A. 11, 61:

solutus honos cineri,

Val. Fl. 3, 357:

honorem habere alicui,

Curt. 3, 12, 13:

omnem honorem funeri servare,

id. 4, 10, 23:

communem sepulturae honorem alicui tribuere,

Suet. Aug. 17:

nec enim quaerimus, cui acquiratur, sed cui honos habitus est,

the honorary legacy, Dig. 37, 5, 3; 32, 1, 11:

sepulturae honore spoliatus,

Val. Max. 4, 7, 1; 9, 8, 1 fin.; cf.:

supremitatis honor,

Amm. 31, 13:

supremus condicionis humanae honos,

Val. Max. 6, 3, 1.—

Objectively, a quality that brings honor or consideration, an ornament, grace, charm, beauty ( poet.):

silvis Aquilo decussit honorem,

Verg. G. 2, 404:

December silvis honorem decutit,

Hor. Epod. 11, 6; cf.:

populeus cui frondis honor,

Val. Fl. 6, 296:

notus in vultus honor,

Hor. Epod. 17, 18; Stat. Th. 10, 788.—In plur.:

laetos oculis afflārat honores,

Verg. A. 1, 591; cf. Sil. 12, 244:

hic tibi copia Manabit ad plenum benigno Ruris honorum opulenta cornu,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 16:

nullum ver usquam nullique aestatis honores,

Sil. 3, 487.—

A magistrate, office-holder:

sed cum summus honor finito computet anno, sportula quid referat,

Juv. 1, 117; cf. v. 110.

persĕvērantĭa, ae, f. [persevero], steadfastness, constancy, perseverance (syn. pertinacia):

perseverantia est in ratione bene consideratā stabilis et perpetua permansio,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 164; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14:

disputandum est, aliud an idem sit pertinacia et perseverantia,

id. Part. Or. 19, 65:

nautarum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 26; Vulg. 2 Macc. 14, 38.—

Transf., objectively, long continuance, tediousness:

belli,

Just. 3, 4, 4.